title: Effects of ginsenoside Rg-1 on the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human periodontal ligament stem cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effects of ginsenoside Rg-1 on the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) and to explore the possible application on the alveolar bone regeneration.
  
  
  METHODS
  To determine the optimum concentration, the effects of ginsenoside Rg-1 ranging from 10 to 100 μmol/L were evaluated by 3-(4,5)-dimethylthiahiazo(-z-y1)-3,5-di-phenytetrazoliumromide, alkaline phosphatase activity and calcium deposition. Expressions of runt-related transcription factor 2, collagen alpha-2(I) chain, osteopontin, osteocalcin protein were examined using real-time polymerase chain reaction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with the control group, a certain concentration (10 μmol/L) of the Rg-1 solution significantly enhanced the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of hPDLSCs (P<0.05). However, concentrations that exceeds 100 μmol/L led to cytotoxicity whereas concentrations below 10 nmol/L showed no significant effect as compared with the control.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ginsenoside Rg-1 can enhance the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of hPDLSCs at an optimal concentration of 10 μmol/L.
authors.affiliation: School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
authors.forename: Li-hua
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.affiliation: School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
authors.forename: Wen-xiao
authors.initials: WX
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
authors.forename: Zi-shun
authors.initials: ZS
authors.lastname: Qin
authors.affiliation: School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
authors.forename: Ke-mo
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
authors.forename: Mei
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhong
authors.affiliation: School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
authors.forename: Jia-kui
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
authors.forename: Wei-yue
authors.initials: WY
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China. yuzhanhai@lzu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Zhan-hai
authors.initials: ZH
authors.lastname: Yu
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000378:metabolism; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D002113:Calcification, Physiologic / Q000187:drug effects; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects*; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002469:Cell Separation; D048430:Cell Shape / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D036145:Ginsenosides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics; D010513:Periodontal Ligament / Q000166:cytology*; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology; D013997:Time Factors; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D036145:Ginsenosides; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase; C035054:ginsenoside Rg1
keywords: Chinese medicine; ginsenoside Rg-1; human periodontal ligament stem cell; osteogenic differentiation; proliferation