title: [Cloud Point extraction for determination of mercury in Chinese herbal medicine by hydride generation atomic fluorescence spectrometry with optimization using Box-Behnken design].
abstract: Cloud point extraction (CPE) is proposed as a pre-concentration procedure for the determination of Hg in Chinese herbal medicine samples by hydride generation-atomic fluorescence spectrometry (HG-AFS). Hg2+ was reacted with dithizone to form hydrophobic chelate under the condition of pH. Using Triton X-114, as surfactant, chelate was quantitatively extracted into small volume of the surfactant-rich phase by heating the solution in a water bath for 15 min and centrifuging. Four variables including pH, dithizone concentration, Triton X-114 concentration and equilibrium temperature (T) showed the significant effect on extraction efficiency of total Hg evaluated by single-factor experiment, and Box-Behnken design and response surface method- ology were adopted to further investigate the mutual interactions between these variables and to identify their optimal values that would generate maximum extraction efficiency. The results showed that the binomial was used to fit the response to experimental levels of each variable. ALL linear, quadratic terms of four variables, and interactions between pH and Trion X-114, pH and di- thizone affected the response value(extraction efficiency) significantly at 5% level. The optimum extraction conditions were as follows: pH 5.1, Triton X-114 concentration of 1.16 g x L(-1), dithizone concentration of 4.87 mol x L(-1), and T 58.2 degrees C, the predicted value of fluorescence was 4528.74 under the optimum conditions, and the experimental value had only 2.1% difference with it. Under the conditions, fluorescence was linear to mercury concentration in the range of 1-5 microg x L(-1). The limit of detection obtained was 0.01247 microg x L(-1) with the relative standard deviations (R.S.D.) for six replicate determinations of 1.30%. The proposed method was successfully applied to determination of Hg in morindae Radix, Andrographitis and dried tangerine samples with the recoveries of 95.0%-100.0%. Apparently Box-Behnken design combined with response surface analysis method was considered to be well used for optimization of the cloud point extraction.
authors.forename: Mei
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Shan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Jian-dong
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Jun-biao
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Long
authors.forename: Bing-yi
authors.initials: BY
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D004230:Dithizone; D004340:Drug Contamination; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000032:analysis*; D008628:Mercury / Q000032:analysis*; D017830:Octoxynol; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D013050:Spectrometry, Fluorescence; D013501:Surface-Active Agents; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; D013501:Surface-Active Agents; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D004230:Dithizone; D017830:Octoxynol; C010615:Nonidet P-40; D008628:Mercury