title: Return to work after organ transplantation: a cross-sectional study on working ability evaluation and employment status.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Organ transplantation has increased in Italy over the last decade. Thus, an increasing number of workers may face the problem of returning to work. The aim of this study was to provide an assessment of working ability of transplant recipients in comparison with their actual employment status.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study was based on 150 patients who underwent transplantation since 1994 and who underwent periodic post-transplantation examination during 2012. Fifty patients who had undergone heart transplantation (HT), 50 liver transplantation (LT), and 50 kidney transplantation (KT) and survived at least 12 months after surgery were eligible for this study. All patients underwent the International Classification of Functioning, Disabilities and Health (ICF) questionnaire; ten questions were further applied to those who were employed at the time of the study. X(2) statistics were used to compare working ability evaluation and employment status and for internal comparison among different organ recipients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The employment status was as follows: 92 (61%) patients were in paid employment, 6 (4%) were students or housewives, 36 (24%) were unemployed, and 17 (11%) were retired because of invalidity benefits. According to our fitness evaluation only 4% to 10% of the patients were unfit for any job. When we excluded retired subjects, the X(2) statistics for correlated observations showed a highly significant statistical difference (P < .0001) between unemployed and unfit. As a result of the ICF questionnaire administration, there was a marked difference, although not statistically significant, in the fitness for previously performed jobs between KT and LT recipients (62% and 58%, respectively) and HT recipients (42%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this cross-sectional study we found a relatively high rate of unemployment as compared with the working ability evaluation by ICF questionnaire and other questions. This may be due to several factors including health status and the possibility of gaining an adequate job. The ICF questionnaire proved to be a useful framework that can be used for research but also by occupational physicians in their usual practice after specific training.
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health and Pediatric Sciences, Occupational Health Section, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ferrario
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health and Pediatric Sciences, Occupational Health Section, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.
authors.forename: F C
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Verga
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health and Pediatric Sciences, Occupational Health Section, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.
authors.forename: P G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Piolatto
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health and Pediatric Sciences, Occupational Health Section, University of Turin, Turin, Italy. Electronic address: enrico.pira@unito.it.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Pira
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004651:Employment / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy; D016031:Liver Transplantation; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D062707:Return to Work / Q000639:trends*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult