title: Decreased expression of gastrokine 1 in gastric mucosa of gastric cancer patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the expression of gastrokine 1 (GKN1) in normal gastric mucosa, precancerous lesions and gastric cancer tissues, and to analyse its correlations with tumour site and pathological pattern.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty gastric cancer patients (12 cases of diffuse type and 18 cases of intestinal type), 13 atrophic gastritis patients and 15 healthy volunteers with almost normal gastric mucosa (superficial gastritis) were enrolled in this study. Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection was examined in all subjects. All gastric mucosa biopsy specimens were obtained. Cancer-adjacent specimens were taken from corresponding gastric cancer patients. Immunohistochemistry and real-time PCR were performed to determine the expressions of the GKN1 protein and mRNA, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  H. pylori infection had no significant association with age, gender, tumour site or pathological pattern in all subjects. Compared with the superficial gastritis and atrophic gastritis groups, the expression of GKN1 protein (P = 0.011) and mRNA (P < 0.001) in gastric cancer was significantly decreased. The GKN1 mRNA level in diffuse type gastric cancer was significantly lower than in intestinal type gastric cancer (0.296 ± 0.076 vs 0.525 ± 0.164, P < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Compared with almost normal gastric mucosa, GKN1 expression in the gastric mucosa of gastric cancer patients is decreased; this is associated with progression and prognosis of gastric cancer.
authors.affiliation: Xiao-Yan Guo, Lei Dong, Bin Qin, Jiong Jiang, A-Meng Shi, Department of Gastroenterology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710003, Shaanxi Province, China.
authors.forename: Xiao-Yan
authors.initials: XY
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: Xiao-Yan Guo, Lei Dong, Bin Qin, Jiong Jiang, A-Meng Shi, Department of Gastroenterology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710003, Shaanxi Province, China.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.affiliation: Xiao-Yan Guo, Lei Dong, Bin Qin, Jiong Jiang, A-Meng Shi, Department of Gastroenterology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710003, Shaanxi Province, China.
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Qin
authors.affiliation: Xiao-Yan Guo, Lei Dong, Bin Qin, Jiong Jiang, A-Meng Shi, Department of Gastroenterology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710003, Shaanxi Province, China.
authors.forename: Jiong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Xiao-Yan Guo, Lei Dong, Bin Qin, Jiong Jiang, A-Meng Shi, Department of Gastroenterology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710003, Shaanxi Province, China.
authors.forename: A-Meng
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Shi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis* / Q000235:genetics; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D018450:Disease Progression; D015536:Down-Regulation; D005260:Female; D005753:Gastric Mucosa / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000473:pathology; D005757:Gastritis, Atrophic / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D016480:Helicobacter pylori / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D036361:Peptide Hormones / Q000032:analysis* / Q000235:genetics; D011230:Precancerous Conditions / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D011379:Prognosis; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; C477000:GKN1 protein, human; D036361:Peptide Hormones; D012333:RNA, Messenger
keywords: Expression; Gastric cancer; Gastric mucosa; Gastrokine 1