title: Neuropharmacological effects of carvacryl acetate on δ-aminolevulinic dehydratase, Na+, K+-ATPase activities and amino acids levels in mice hippocampus after seizures.
abstract: Epileptic syndromes are highly prevalent neurological conditions and can often be disabling. In order to find an alternative for treatment, this study evaluated anticonvulsant effects of carvacryl acetate (CA), a derivative of monoterpene carvacrol, after seizures induced by pilocarpine (P400), picrotoxin (PIC) or pentylenetetrazol (PTZ). We also analyzed the CA effects on Na+, K+-ATPase and δ-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (δ-ALA-D) activities in hippocampus mice after seizures induced by P400, PIC or PTZ. In addition, glutamate, δ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), glutamine and aspartate levels in mice hippocampus treated with CA after seizures induced by P400, PIC or PTZ were also measured. CA produced anticonvulsant effects against seizures induced by P400, PIC or PTZ, and its effects were reversed by flumazenil, suggesting that action mechanism can be mediated by GABAergic system. CA increased GABA levels, but did not alter glutamate and aspartate concentrations in mice hippocampus after seizures induced by P400, PIC or PTZ when compared with seizures induced by P400, PIC or PTZ (p<0.05), respectively, as well as decreased glutamine content in mice hippocampus after seizures induced by PIC when compared with seizures induced by PIC (p<0.05). In addition, CA also increased Na+, K+-ATPase and δ-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase activities after seizures induced by P400, PIC or PTZ when compared with seizures induced by P400, PIC or PTZ (p<0.05), respectively. This study demonstrated that CA could be a future therapeutic option for treatment of epilepsy, with a multifactorial brain action mechanism.
authors.affiliation: Postgraduate Program of Pharmacology, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, PI, Brazil. Electronic address: lucio-pires@uol.com.br.
authors.forename: Lúcio Fernandes
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Pires
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Laboratory of Experimental Neurochemistry Research, Center of Pharmaceutical Technology, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, PI, Brazil.
authors.forename: Luciana Muratori
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Costa
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Laboratory of Experimental Neurochemistry Research, Center of Pharmaceutical Technology, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, PI, Brazil.
authors.forename: Antonia Amanda Cardoso
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: de Almeida
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Laboratory of Experimental Neurochemistry Research, Center of Pharmaceutical Technology, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, PI, Brazil.
authors.forename: Oskar Almeida
authors.initials: OA
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
authors.forename: Gilberto
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Santos Cerqueira
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Federal University of Paraíba, Campus I, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil.
authors.forename: Damião Pergentino
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: de Sousa
authors.affiliation: Postgraduate Program of Food and Nutrition, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, PI, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rosana Martins Carneiro
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Pires
authors.affiliation: Chemistry Department, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL 35899, USA.
authors.forename: Prabodh
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Satyal
authors.affiliation: Postgraduate Program of Pharmacology, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, PI, Brazil; Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Laboratory of Experimental Neurochemistry Research, Center of Pharmaceutical Technology, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, PI, Brazil. Electronic address: rivelilson@pq.cnpq.br.
authors.forename: Rivelilson Mendes
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: de Freitas
mesh_terms: D000596:Amino Acids / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D039821:Monoterpenes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000623:Porphobilinogen Synthase / Q000378:metabolism*; D045442:Rotarod Performance Test; D012640:Seizures / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism*; D000254:Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D039821:Monoterpenes; C586464:carvacryl acetate; D000623:Porphobilinogen Synthase; D000254:Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase
keywords: Acetate; Anticonvulsant; Carvacryl; Epilepsy; Mouse