title: Influence of peri-duodenal non-constrictive cuff on the body weight of rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Weight loss has been found to improve or resolve cardiovascular comorbidities. There is a significant need for reversible device approaches to weight loss.
  
  
  METHODS
  Non-constrictive cuff (NCC) is made of implantable silicone rubber with an internal diameter greater than the duodenum. Ten or 11 NCC were individually mounted along the duodenum from the pyloric sphincter toward the distal duodenum to cover ~22 mm in the length. Twelve Wistar rats were implanted with NCC, and six served as sham, and both groups were observed over 4 months. Six rats with implant had their NCC removed and were observed for additional 4 weeks.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The food intake decreased from 40.1 to 28.1 g/day after 4 months of NCC implant. The body weight gain decreased from 1.76 to 0.46 g/day after 4 months of NCC implant. The fasting glucose decreased from 87.7 to 75.3 mg/dl at terminal day. The duodenal muscle layer covered by the NCC increased from 0.133 to 0.334 mm. After 4 weeks of NCC removal, the food intake, body weight gain, and fasting glucose recovered to 36.2, 2.51 g/day, and 83.9 mg/dl. The duodenal muscle layer covered by the NCC decreased to 0.217 mm.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The NCC implant placed on the proximal duodenum is safe in rats for a 4-month period. The efficacy of the NCC implant is significant for decrease in food intake, body weight gain, and fasting glucose in a normal rat model. The removal of NCC implant confirmed a cause-effect relation with food intake and hence body weight.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA, xlu@calmi2.org.
authors.forename: Xiao
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Samer G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Mattar
authors.forename: Ghassan S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Kassab
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D050110:Bariatric Surgery / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D001835:Body Weight; D004386:Duodenum / Q000601:surgery*; D004435:Eating / Q000502:physiology; D005215:Fasting; D019736:Prostheses and Implants / Q000009:adverse effects; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D015430:Weight Gain; D015431:Weight Loss
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose