title: Dietary polyphenols regulate endothelial function and prevent cardiovascular disease.
abstract: Vascular endothelial cell (EC) dysfunction strongly induces development of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Epidemiologic studies demonstrated a preventative effect of dietary polyphenols toward cardiovascular disease. In studies using cultured vascular ECs, polyphenols were recognized to regulate nitric oxide and endothelin-1 (ET-1) production. Furthermore, epigallocatechin-3-gallate inhibited the expression of adhesion molecules by a signaling pathway that is similar to that of high-density lipoprotein and involves induction of Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent kinase II, liver kinase B, and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase expression. The effects of polyphenols on ECs include antioxidant activity and enhancement of the expression of several protective proteins, including endothelial nitric oxide synthase and paraoxonase 1. However, the observed effects of dietary polyphenols in vitro do not always translate to an in vivo setting. As such, there are many questions concerning their physiological mode of action. In this review, we discuss research on the effect of dietary polyphenols on cardiovascular disease and their protective effect on EC dysfunction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Bioscience and Biotechnology, College of Bioresource Science, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Japan; Advance Research Center on Food Function, College of Bioresource Science, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Japan. Electronic address: kyamagat@brs.nihon-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Kazuo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamagata
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Sanraku Hospital, Lifestyle Disease Clinic, Chiyoda-Ku, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Motoki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tagami
authors.affiliation: Institute for World Health Development, Mukogawa Women's University, Nishinomiya, Japan.
authors.forename: Yukio
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yamori
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D047310:Apigenin / Q000494:pharmacology; D043303:Aryldialkylphosphatase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control*; D002392:Catechin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D004032:Diet; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D019332:Endothelin-1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008075:Lipoproteins, HDL / Q000378:metabolism; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D059808:Polyphenols / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D020298:U937 Cells
chemical_list: D019332:Endothelin-1; D008075:Lipoproteins, HDL; D059808:Polyphenols; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D047310:Apigenin; D002392:Catechin; C045651:epigallocatechin gallate; C496314:NOS3 protein, human; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III; D043303:Aryldialkylphosphatase; C468406:PON1 protein, human
keywords: Endothelial cells; Epidemiologic study; Epigallocatechin-3-gallate; Nitric oxide; Polyphenol