title: Success rates of manual restorative treatment (MRT) with amalgam in permanent teeth in high caries-risk Filipino children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of the study is to evaluate the success rate of amalgam restorations in manually prepared cavities under field conditions within a comprehensive school-based oral health-care program in high caries-risk children.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 1322 restorations were placed in the permanent teeth of 619 high caries risk Filipino children by two dentists and two trained health-care workers. Only hand instruments and an encapsulated amalgam, mixed with a manually powered amalgamator, were used. The restorations were evaluated after a service time of 1 to 5 years using modified atraumatic restorative treatment (ART) criteria.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The overall success rate of the amalgam restorations was 95.3% (n = 1260) after a mean service time of 2.7 years (SD = 1.4). Multiple-surface restorations showed significantly higher failure rates (11.4%) than single-surface occlusal (4.7%) and single-surface non-occlusal (2.1%) restorations; 93.6% of large restorations was performed successfully, but had a risk of failure twice to that of small restorations (odds ratio (OR) = 2.141). The score of the decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT) index had significant influence on the success rate. The risk of restoration failure increased by 11.5% for each unit increase in DMFT (OR = 1.148). Neither the operator nor age nor gender of the patient had a significant effect on the success rate of the restorations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Amalgam was performed satisfactorily as a filling material when placed under field conditions in manually prepared cavities in the permanent dentition of high caries-risk children. Success of the restorations was influenced by the patient's caries experience (DMFT), restoration size, and service time.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Manual restorative treatment (MRT) amalgam restorations were performed satisfactorily, but higher dental caries experience and large cavities contribute to lower success rates.
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Dentistry and Paediatric Dentistry, Jena University Hospital, Bachstr. 18, 07743, Jena, Germany, Ina.Schueler@med.uni-jena.de.
authors.forename: I M
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Schüler
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Monse
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Holmgren
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lehmann
authors.forename: G S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Itchon
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Heinrich-Weltzien
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003723:Dental Amalgam / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D057087:Dental Atraumatic Restorative Treatment / Q000379:methods*; D003731:Dental Caries / Q000628:therapy*; D019229:Dentition, Permanent; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010679:Philippines; D012571:School Dentistry; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D003723:Dental Amalgam