title: Smart plants: memory and communication without brains.
abstract: The immobility of plants is consistent with their principal function: collecting light to provide photosynthetic substrate for the biological system. Their immobility does impose limitations on some basic requirements, such as the need for pollination, for seed dispersal, and for protection against herbivores. Meeting these 3 needs will logically necessitate some ability for plant communication - at least a capability for beneficial adaptive behavior. Three types of plant behavior provide evidence of memory and communication abilities: a capability for memory, a capability for measuring time, and extensive evidence of chemical signaling systems. These may provide benefits for genetic outcrossing, seed dispersal and protection - beneficial adaptive behaviors. The chemical signaling system constitutes a wireless communication network that draws mobile animals into assisting plant functions that require mobility. Plants share their chemical signaling systems most frequently with insects and birds. These beneficial adaptable behaviors may be interpreted as some type of consciousness.
authors.affiliation: a Biology Department ; University of Washington ; Seattle , WA USA.
authors.forename: A Carl
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Leopold
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000502:physiology*; D003142:Communication; D003433:Crosses, Genetic; D008568:Memory / Q000502:physiology*; D018521:Plant Physiological Phenomena; D058614:Seed Dispersal / Q000502:physiology; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013997:Time Factors
keywords: behavior; chemical signaling; memory; plant communication; seed germination