title: Optimizing geometric accuracy of four-dimensional CT scans acquired using the wall- and couch-mounted Varian® Real-time Position Management™ camera systems.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to identify sources of anatomical misrepresentation owing to the location of camera mounting, tumour motion velocity and image processing artefacts in order to optimize the four-dimensional CT (4DCT) scan protocol and improve geometrical-temporal accuracy.
  
  
  METHODS
  A phantom with an imaging insert was driven with a sinusoidal superior-inferior motion of varying amplitude and period for 4DCT scanning. The length of a high-density cube within the insert was measured using treatment planning software to determine the accuracy of its spatial representation. Scan parameters were varied, including the tube rotation period and the cine time between reconstructed images. A CT image quality phantom was used to measure various image quality signatures under the scan parameters tested.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No significant difference in spatial accuracy was found for 4DCT scans carried out using the wall- or couch-mounted camera for sinusoidal target motion. Greater spatial accuracy was found for 4DCT scans carried out using a tube rotation speed of 0.5 s rather than 1.0 s. The reduction in image quality when using a faster rotation speed was not enough to require an increase in patient dose.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The 4DCT accuracy may be increased by optimizing scan parameters, including choosing faster tube rotation speeds. Peak misidentification in the recorded breathing trace may lead to spatial artefacts, and this risk can be reduced by using a couch-mounted infrared camera.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study explicitly shows that 4DCT scan accuracy is improved by scanning with a faster CT tube rotation speed.
authors.affiliation: 1 Radiotherapy Physics, Northern Ireland Cancer Centre, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast, UK.
authors.forename: B F
authors.initials: BF
authors.lastname: O'Connell
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Irvine
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Cole
authors.forename: G G
authors.initials: GG
authors.lastname: Hanna
authors.forename: C K
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: McGarry
mesh_terms: D016477:Artifacts; D003199:Computer Systems; D004867:Equipment Design; D056973:Four-Dimensional Computed Tomography / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000295:instrumentation*; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D009038:Motion; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012119:Respiration; D012984:Software