title: MTA versus Ca(OH)2 in apexification of non-vital immature permanent teeth: a randomized clinical trial comparison.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this prospective randomized clinical trial was to compare mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) with calcium hydroxide (CH) as materials for inducing root apex closure in immature necrotic permanent incisors.
  
  
  METHODS
  The design of this study has been extensively described in the authors' previous report. Children (n = 30), aged from 6 to 18 years and presenting a non-vital permanent incisor, were treated. Half of the group received treatment using MTA, the other half with CH. At recall visits after 6 and 12 months, the presence or absence of a calcified apical barrier was assessed using clinical and radiographic examinations. The anonymised radiographs were evaluated by two independent investigators. Statistical analyses were performed using a Fischer's test (p < 0.05 was used as the threshold for statistical significance).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Presence of a mineralized barrier was observed for 43.8% of the CH group and 64.7% of the MTA group at the 6-month examination. After 12 months, these figures were respectively 50 and 82.4% (p < 0.07). For both groups, pain and tenderness to percussion had disappeared at the 3-month examination.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Neither material showed a statistically significant difference at the 6-month examination. At the 12-month examination, the MTA group displayed better results in terms of apical closure. In the CH group, four out of 15 teeth exhibited coronal or radicular fractures after 12 months.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Apexification using MTA seems preferable to CH in order to early achieve the coronoradicular filling and to limit the risk of root fracture.
authors.affiliation: Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, INSERM UMR_S 1138, Cordeliers Research Center and Bretonneau Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bonte
authors.forename: Aurélie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Beslot
authors.forename: Tchilalo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Boukpessi
authors.forename: Jean-Jacques
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Lasfargues
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D017607:Aluminum Compounds / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D056624:Apexification / Q000379:methods*; D017610:Calcium Compounds / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002126:Calcium Hydroxide / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002648:Child; D003790:Dental Pulp Necrosis / Q000628:therapy; D019229:Dentition, Permanent; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010087:Oxides / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D017640:Silicates / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019553:Tooth, Nonvital / Q000628:therapy*
chemical_list: D017607:Aluminum Compounds; D017610:Calcium Compounds; D004338:Drug Combinations; D010087:Oxides; D017640:Silicates; C086631:mineral trioxide aggregate; D002126:Calcium Hydroxide