title: Nine μg intradermal influenza vaccine and 15 μg intramuscular influenza vaccine induce similar cellular and humoral immune responses in adults.
abstract: Intanza® 9 μg (Sanofi Pasteur), a trivalent split-virion vaccine administered by intradermal (ID) injection, was approved in Europe in 2009 for the prevention of seasonal influenza in adults 18 to 59 years. Here, we examined the immune responses induced in adults by the ID 9 μg vaccine and the standard trivalent intramuscular (IM) vaccine (Vaxigrip® 15 μg, Sanofi Pasteur). This trial was a randomized, controlled, single-center, open-label study in healthy adults 18 to 40 years of age during the 2007/8 influenza season. Subjects received a single vaccination with the ID 9 μg (n=38) or IM 15 μg (n=42) vaccine. Serum, saliva, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells were collected up to 180 days post-vaccination. Geometric mean hemagglutination inhibition titers, seroprotection rates, seroconversion rates, and pre-vaccination-to-post-vaccination ratios of geometric mean hemagglutination inhibition titers did not differ between the two vaccines. Compared with pre-vaccination, the vaccines induced similar increases in vaccine-specific circulating B cells at day 7 but did not induce significant increases in vaccine-specific memory B cells at day 180. Cell-mediated immunity to all three vaccine strains, measured in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, was high at baseline and not increased by either vaccine. Neither vaccine induced a mucosal immune response. These results show that the humoral and cellular immune responses to the ID 9 μg vaccine are similar to those to the standard IM 15 μg vaccine.
authors.affiliation: a Sanofi Pasteur ; Marcy l'Etoile , France.
authors.forename: Nolwenn
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nougarede
authors.forename: Hélène
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bisceglia
authors.forename: Aurore
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rozières
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Goujon
authors.forename: Florence
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Boudet
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Laurent
authors.forename: Beatrice
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Vanbervliet
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Rodet
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hennino
authors.forename: Jean-François
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Nicolas
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D005060:Europe; D005260:Female; D006385:Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests; D006801:Humans; D007111:Immunity, Cellular; D056724:Immunity, Humoral; D007252:Influenza Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000276:immunology*; D007271:Injections, Intradermal; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D012463:Saliva / Q000276:immunology; D044967:Serum / Q000276:immunology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D007252:Influenza Vaccines
keywords: BSA, bovine serum albumin; CHMP, Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use; ELISA, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; ELISPOT, enzyme-linked immunospot; HI, hemagglutination inhibition; ID, intradermal; IM, intramuscular; Ig, immunoglobulin; PBMC, peripheral blood mononuclear cells; PBS, phosphate-buffered saline; adult; immunogenicity; intradermal influenza vaccine; intramuscular vaccination; trivalent influenza vaccine