title: The role of alcohol policies in preventing intimate partner violence: a review of the literature.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This article summarizes existing research on the relationship between alcohol policies and intimate partner violence (IPV). Because alcohol use represents an important risk factor for IPV, interventions and policies aimed at decreasing problem drinking may also lead to reductions in IPV.
  
  
  METHODS
  Electronic databases were searched to identify relevant peer-reviewed journal articles on alcohol policies and IPV, as well as reference sections of appropriate articles. Only policies that have been studied specifically for their impact on IPV were included.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Three alcohol policy areas (outlet density, hours and days of sale, and pricing/taxation) have been studied in relation to IPV outcomes. Research on outlet density has the most consistent findings, with most studies indicating that higher densities of alcohol outlets are associated with higher rates of IPV. Fewer studies have been conducted on pricing policies and policies restricting hours/days of sale, with most studies suggesting no impact on IPV rates.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A higher density of alcohol outlets appears to be associated with greater rates of IPV. However, there is limited evidence suggesting that alcohol pricing policies and restrictions on hours and days of sale are associated with IPV outcomes. Knowledge about the impact of alcohol-related policies on IPV and violence in general is limited by several significant research gaps. Additional research is needed to assess the impact of alcohol policies on IPV and other forms of violence.
authors.affiliation: Division of Violence Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.
authors.forename: Megan C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Kearns
authors.affiliation: Division of Violence Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.
authors.forename: Dennis E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Reidy
authors.affiliation: Division of Violence Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.
authors.forename: Linda Anne
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Valle
mesh_terms: D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000191:economics / Q000453:epidemiology*; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000453:epidemiology; D003132:Commerce / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D003365:Costs and Cost Analysis; D016208:Databases, Factual; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D000066511:Intimate Partner Violence / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008297:Male; D012307:Risk Factors