title: The development and validation of the Interpersonal Support in Physical Activity Consultations Observational Tool.
abstract: This study describes the development and psychometric characteristics of an observational instrument that examines four aspects of interpersonal support (or lack of) provided during physical activity (PA) promotion consultations (i.e., Autonomy Support, Involvement, Structure and Interpersonal Control), as identified by Self-determination Theory (SDT). The reliability and validity of the Interpersonal Support in Physical Activity Consultations Observational Tool (ISPACOT) were examined within an exploratory randomised control trial. Recorded consultations (N = 42) conducted by qualified PA advisors (N = 14) at 13 leisure centres across the West Midlands (UK) were rated. Intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC) indicated moderate to high inter-rater reliability for overall interpersonal support (0.80), and the Autonomy Support (0.74), Involvement (0.73) and Structure (0.91) dimensions, but low reliability for Interpersonal Control (0.35). The advisors, who conducted PA promotion consultations that were rated as low in their interpersonally supportive features, were perceived by their clients as being less supportive (F(1,10) = 5.0, p <.05). Ratings on the ISPACOT differentiated advisors who were trained in SDT principles and those who were not. Overall, the findings provided preliminary evidence for the reliability and convergent validity of the ISPACOT.
authors.affiliation: a School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences , University of Birmingham , Birmingham , UK.|b Department for Health , University of Bath , Bath , UK.
authors.forename: Peter C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Rouse
authors.affiliation: a School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences , University of Birmingham , Birmingham , UK.
authors.forename: Joan L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Duda
authors.affiliation: a School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences , University of Birmingham , Birmingham , UK.|c School of Psychology & Speech Pathology , Curtin University , Perth , Australia.
authors.forename: Nikos
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ntoumanis
authors.affiliation: d Public Health, Epidemiology & Biostatistics , University of Birmingham , Birmingham , UK.
authors.forename: Kate
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Jolly
authors.affiliation: e Department of Medicine , University of Rochester , Rochester , NY , USA.|f Department of Clinical and Social Psychology , University of Rochester , Rochester , NY , USA.
authors.forename: Geoffrey C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Williams
mesh_terms: D015444:Exercise; D006801:Humans; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D012017:Referral and Consultation; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012944:Social Support; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: Exercise; autonomy support; observation; physical activity consultations