title: Bacillus spp. from rainforest soil promote plant growth under limited nitrogen conditions.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to evaluate effects of PGPR (plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria) isolated from rainforest soil on different plants under limited nitrogen conditions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Bacterial isolates from a Peruvian rainforest soil were screened for plant growth-promoting effects on Arabidopsis (Col-0). Four selected isolates including one Bacillus subtilis, two B. atrophaeus and one B. pumilus significantly promoted growth of Zea mays L. and Solanum lycopersicum under greenhouse conditions. Moreover, the PGPRs significantly promoted growth of S. lycopersicum in both low and nitrogen-amended soil conditions. These PGPR strains were further studied to obtain insights into possible mechanisms of plant growth promotion. Volatile chemicals from those isolates promoted Arabidopsis growth, and the expression of genes related to IAA production was induced in the Arabidopsis plants treated with PGPRs. Further, selected PGPR strains triggered induced systemic resistance (ISR) against Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato DC3000 in Arabidopsis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PGPR strains isolated from the rainforest soil promoted the plant growth of Arabidopsis, corn and tomato.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  New PGPR that have wider adaptability to different crops, soils and environmental conditions are needed to decrease our reliance on agricultural amendments derived from fossil-based fuels. The PGPRs isolated from a nonagricultural site constitute new plant growth-promoting strains that could be developed for agricultural uses.
authors.affiliation: Center for Rhizosphere Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
authors.forename: X-F
authors.initials: XF
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: D K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Manter
authors.forename: K F
authors.initials: KF
authors.lastname: Reardon
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Vivanco
mesh_terms: D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000254:growth & development / Q000382:microbiology; D001407:Bacillus / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D001412:Bacillus subtilis / Q000302:isolation & purification; D018556:Crops, Agricultural / Q000254:growth & development*; D018551:Solanum lycopersicum / Q000254:growth & development / Q000382:microbiology; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000378:metabolism; D044224:Pseudomonas syringae; D065947:Rainforest; D012988:Soil Microbiology; D003313:Zea mays / Q000254:growth & development / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D009584:Nitrogen
keywords: Bacillus atrophaeus; Bacillus pumilus; Bacillus subtilis; induced systemic resistance; plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria; rainforest soil