title: Endocrine disruption of cadmium in rats using the OECD enhanced TG 407 test system.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the endocrine disrupting effects of cadmium (Cd) using OECD enhanced TG407 test guideline.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into six groups and accordingly administered with 0, 1, 2.5, 5, 10, 20 mg/kg•BW/day of Cd by gavage for 28 days. Body weight, food consumption, hematology, biochemistry, sex hormone levels, urinary β2-microglobulin, organ weights and histopathology and estrous cycle were detected.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cd could significantly decrease animals' body weight (P<0.05). Serum luteinizing hormone (LH) at 10-20 mg/kg•BW groups and testosterone (T) at 2.5 and 10 mg/kg•BW groups decreased significantly (P<0.05). However, no statistically significant change was found in urinary β2-microglobulin among Cd-treatment groups (P>0.05). Endpoints related to female reproduction including uterus weight and histopathological change at 10-20 mg/kg•BW groups showed significant increase (P<0.05). While among male rats in 2.5, 10, 20 mg/kg•BW groups, weight of prostate, thyroids, and seminal vesicle glands significantly decreased (P<0.05). Moreover, no histopathological change was observed in kidney.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results suggested that Cd can cause endocrine disrupting effects in SD rats. Comparing with possible renal toxicity of Cd, its toxicity on endocrine system was more sensitive.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, NHFPC, Beijing 100022, China.
authors.forename: Heng Juan
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, NHFPC, Beijing 100022, China.
authors.forename: Zhao Ping
authors.initials: ZP
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, NHFPC, Beijing 100022, China.
authors.forename: Xu Dong
authors.initials: XD
authors.lastname: Jia
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, NHFPC, Beijing 100022, China.
authors.forename: Hao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, NHFPC, Beijing 100022, China.
authors.forename: Yan Jun
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Tan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D002104:Cadmium / Q000633:toxicity*; D004435:Eating / Q000187:drug effects; D052244:Endocrine Disruptors / Q000633:toxicity*; D005260:Female; D006728:Hormones / Q000097:blood*; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects*; D008297:Male; D066150:Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development; D011897:Random Allocation; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D014599:Uterus / Q000187:drug effects; D001613:beta 2-Microglobulin / Q000652:urine
chemical_list: D052244:Endocrine Disruptors; D006728:Hormones; D001613:beta 2-Microglobulin; D002104:Cadmium
keywords: Cadmium; Endocrine Disrupting; OECD Enhanced Test Guideline 407; Renal toxicity