title: FAR5, a fatty acyl-coenzyme A reductase, is involved in primary alcohol biosynthesis of the leaf blade cuticular wax in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.).
abstract: A waxy cuticle that serves as a protective barrier against non-stomatal water loss and environmental damage coats the aerial surfaces of land plants. It comprises a cutin polymer matrix and waxes. Cuticular waxes are complex mixtures of very long chain fatty acids (VLCFAs) and their derivatives. Results show that primary alcohols are the major components of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) leaf blade cuticular waxes. Here, the characterization of TaFAR5 from wheat cv Xinong 2718, which is allelic to TAA1b, an anther-specific gene, is reported. Evidence is presented for a new function for TaFAR5 in the biosynthesis of primary alcohols of leaf blade cuticular wax in wheat. Expression of TaFAR5 cDNA in yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) led to production of C22:0 primary alcohol. The transgenic expression of TaFAR5 in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) cv MicroTom leaves resulted in the accumulation of C26:0, C28:0, and C30:0 primary alcohols. TaFAR5 encodes an alcohol-forming fatty acyl-coenzyme A reductase (FAR). Expression analysis revealed that TaFAR5 was expressed at high levels in the leaf blades, anthers, pistils, and seeds. Fully functional green fluorescent protein-tagged TaFAR5 protein was localized to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), the site of primary alcohol biosynthesis. SDS-PAGE analysis indicated that the TaFAR5 protein possessed a molecular mass of 58.4kDa, and it was also shown that TaFAR5 transcript levels were regulated in response to drought, cold, and abscisic acid (ABA). Overall, these data suggest that TaFAR5 plays an important role in the synthesis of primary alcohols in wheat leaf blade.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
authors.forename: Meiling
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
authors.forename: Yulin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
authors.forename: Yanting
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
authors.forename: Tingting
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
authors.forename: Guaiqiang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Chai
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
authors.forename: Wenhui
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: College of Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
authors.forename: Liwei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Shan
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
authors.forename: Chunlian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
authors.forename: Enshi
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China zhwangnew@126.com.
authors.forename: Zhonghua
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000438:Alcohols / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D000445:Aldehyde Oxidoreductases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D055864:Droughts; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D014908:Triticum / Q000737:chemistry / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014885:Waxes / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000438:Alcohols; D010940:Plant Proteins; D014885:Waxes; D000445:Aldehyde Oxidoreductases; C021351:hexadecanal dehydrogenase (acylating)
keywords: Abiotic stress; cuticular wax; endoplasmic reticulum; fatty acid; fatty acyl-CoA reductase; leaf blade; primary alcohol; wheat.