title: Neuron recycling for learning the alphabetic principles.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The main purpose of this paper is to discuss an approach to the phonic method of learning-teaching early literacy development, namely that the visual neurons must be recycled to recognize the small differences among pertinent letter features. In addition to the challenge of segmenting the speech chain and the syllable for learning the alphabetic principles, neuroscience has demonstrated another major challenge: neurons in mammals are programmed to process visual signals symmetrically. In order to develop early literacy, visual neurons must be recycled to overcome this initial programming together with phonological awareness, expanding it with the ability to delimit words, including clitics, as well as assigning stress to words. To achieve this goal, Scliar's Early Literacy Development System was proposed and tested.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixteen subjects (10 girls and 6 boys) comprised the experimental group (mean age 6.02 years), and 16 subjects (7 girls and 9 boys) formed the control group (mean age 6.10 years). The research instruments were a psychosociolinguistic questionnaire to reveal the subjects' profile and a post-test battery of tests. At the beginning of the experiment, the experimental group was submitted to an intervention program based on Scliar's Early Literacy Development System. One of the tests is discussed in this paper, the grapheme-phoneme test: subjects had to read aloud a pseudoword with 4 graphemes, signaled by the experimenter and designed to assess the subject's ability to convert a grapheme into its correspondent phoneme.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The average value for the test group was 25.0 correct answers (SD = 11.4); the control group had an average of 14.3 correct answers (SD = 10.6): The difference was significant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The experimental results validate Scliar's Early Literacy Development System and indicate the need to redesign early literacy development methods.
authors.affiliation: Federal University of Santa Catarina, CNPq, Florianópolis, Brazil.
authors.forename: Leonor
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Scliar-Cabral
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004193:Discrimination Learning / Q000502:physiology; D004292:Dominance, Cerebral / Q000502:physiology*; D004410:Dyslexia / Q000503:physiopathology; D018479:Early Intervention, Educational; D005260:Female; D007839:Functional Laterality / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009473:Neuronal Plasticity / Q000502:physiology*; D010364:Pattern Recognition, Visual / Q000502:physiology; D010700:Phonetics; D011932:Reading; D014706:Verbal Learning / Q000502:physiology*; D014795:Visual Pathways / Q000502:physiology*