title: In vitro electromagnetic stimulation to enhance cell proliferation in extracellular matrix constructs with and without metallic nanoparticles.
abstract: Extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMFs) can induce beneficial effects including enhanced protein synthesis and cell proliferation on healing bone and skin wounds. This study investigated the effects of ELF-EMFs on acellular tissue constructs with and without gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) to determine if cell proliferation could be increase and thus provide an enhanced mechanism for in vitro cell seeding on tissue engineered constructs. Different sized AuNPs, 20 and 100 nm, were conjugated to acellular porcine tissue, seeded with L929 murine fibroblasts and exposed to a continuous 12 gauss, 60 Hz electromagnetic field for 2 hours each day up to 10 days. Scanning electron microscopy and cell culture assays were performed to ascertain cell proliferation and viability before and after exposure. Results indicate the ELF-EMF stimulation significantly increased cell proliferation. The presence of AuNPs did not boost the stimulatory effects, but they did demonstrated higher rates of proliferation from day 3 to day 10. In addition, unstimulated 100 nm AuNPs constructs resulted in significant increases in proliferation as compared to unstimulated crosslinked constructs. In conclusion, ELF-EMF stimulation enhanced cellular proliferation and while the presence of AuNPs did not significantly enhance this effect, AuNPs resulted in increased proliferation rates from day 3 to day 10.
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, 65212.
authors.forename: Daniel N
authors.initials: DN
authors.lastname: Grant
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioengineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, 65211.
authors.forename: Matthew J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Cozad
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioengineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, 65211.
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Grant
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, 65212.
authors.forename: Richard A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: White
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioengineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, 65211.
authors.forename: Sheila A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Grant
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D004574:Electromagnetic Fields; D005109:Extracellular Matrix / Q000737:chemistry*; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D006046:Gold / Q000737:chemistry*; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D051379:Mice; D023822:Tissue Engineering
chemical_list: D006046:Gold
keywords: electromagnetic stimulation; gold nanoparticles; in vitro assay; tissue constructs