title: Noninvasive approaches for detecting and monitoring bladder cancer.
abstract: Bladder cancer is the second most common cancer of the urinary tract. Despite existing multiapproach treatment strategies, including radical cystectomy, bladder-sparing therapy with transurethral resection, chemotherapy and radiotherapy, patients with deeply invasive bladder cancers display poor prognosis, with a survival rate of only 30-50%. This can be avoided through proper surveillance and monitoring. Several genetic factors contribute to the progression of bladder cancer, and these molecules serve as cancer biomarkers. Blood, plasma, serum and urine are commonly analyzed for the presence of biomarkers, which can be both nuclear as well as mitochondrial in nature. This review discusses the efficacy of such biomarkers as well as highlights some potential prognostic markers in the field of noninvasive bladder cancer detection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298, USA.
authors.forename: Sarmistha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Talukdar
authors.forename: Luni
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Emdad
authors.forename: Swadesh K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Das
authors.forename: Devanand
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sarkar
authors.forename: Paul B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Fisher
mesh_terms: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D018450:Disease Progression; D006801:Humans; D011379:Prognosis; D015996:Survival Rate; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor
keywords: biomarker; bladder cancer; noninvasive detection