title: Highly roughened polycaprolactone surfaces using oxygen plasma-etching and in vitro mineralization for bone tissue regeneration: fabrication, characterization, and cellular activities.
abstract: Herein, poly(ɛ-caprolactone) (PCL) surfaces were treated to form various roughness values (R(a)=290-445 nm) and polar functional groups on the surfaces using a plasma-etching process, followed by immersion into simulated body fluid (SBF) for apatite formation. The surface morphology, chemical composition, and mean roughness of the plasma-etched PCL surfaces were measured, and various physical and morphological properties (water contact angles, protein absorption ability, and crystallite size of the apatite layer) of the in vitro mineralized PCL surfaces were evaluated. The roughened PCL surface P-3, which was treated with a sufficient plasma exposure time (4 h), achieved homogeneously distributed apatite formation after soaking in SBF for 7 days, as compared with other surfaces that were untreated or plasma-treated for 30 min or 2 h. Furthermore, to demonstrate their feasibility as a biomimetic surface, pre-osteoblast cells (MC3T3-E1) were cultured on the mineralized PCL surfaces, and cell viability, DAPI-phalloidin fluorescence assay, and alizarin red-staining of the P-3 surface were highly improved compared to the P-1 surface treated with a 30-min plasma exposure time; compared to untreated mineralized PCL surface (N-P), P-3 showed even greater improvements in cell viability and DAPI-phalloidin fluorescence assay. Based on these results, we found that the mineralized PCL surface supplemented with the appropriate plasma treatment can be implicitly helpful to achieve rapid hard tissue regeneration.
authors.affiliation: Department of Bio-Mechatronic Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, South Korea.
authors.forename: YongBok
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Bio-Mechatronic Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, South Korea. Electronic address: gkimbme@SKKU.edu.
authors.forename: GeunHyung
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001031:Apatites / Q000737:chemistry; D040761:Biomimetic Materials / Q000737:chemistry; D001826:Body Fluids / Q000737:chemistry; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D006244:Hardness; D007211:Indoles; D051379:Mice; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D010100:Oxygen; D010590:Phalloidine; D058626:Plasma Gases / Q000737:chemistry*; D011091:Polyesters / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013499:Surface Properties; D023822:Tissue Engineering; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds
chemical_list: D001031:Apatites; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D007211:Indoles; D058626:Plasma Gases; D011091:Polyesters; D010590:Phalloidine; C016240:polycaprolactone; C007293:DAPI; D010100:Oxygen
keywords: Biomineralization; Bone; Plasma-etching; Polycaprolactone