title: Cyclodextrins, blood-brain barrier, and treatment of neurological diseases.
abstract: Biological barriers are the main defense systems of the homeostasis of the organism and protected organs. The blood-brain barrier (BBB), formed by the endothelial cells of brain capillaries, not only provides nutrients and protection to the central nervous system but also restricts the entry of drugs, emphasizing its importance in the treatment of neurological diseases. Cyclodextrins are increasingly used in human pharmacotherapy. Due to their favorable profile to form hydrophilic inclusion complexes with poorly soluble active pharmaceutical ingredients, they are present as excipients in many marketed drugs. Application of cyclodextrins is widespread in formulations for oral, parenteral, nasal, pulmonary, and skin delivery of drugs. Experimental and clinical data suggest that cyclodextrins can be used not only as excipients for centrally acting marketed drugs like antiepileptics, but also as active pharmaceutical ingredients to treat neurological diseases. Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin received orphan drug designation for the treatment of Niemann-Pick type C disease. In addition to this rare lysosomal storage disease with neurological symptoms, experimental research revealed the potential therapeutic use of cyclodextrins and cyclodextrin nanoparticles in neurodegenerative diseases, stroke, neuroinfections and brain tumors. In this context, the biological effects of cyclodextrins, their interaction with plasma membranes and extraction of different lipids are highly relevant at the level of the BBB.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical and Health Science Center, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary. Electronic address: vecsernyes.miklos@pharm.unideb.hu.
authors.forename: Miklós
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vecsernyés
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical and Health Science Center, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.
authors.forename: Ferenc
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Fenyvesi
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical and Health Science Center, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.
authors.forename: Ildikó
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Bácskay
authors.affiliation: Department of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary.
authors.forename: Mária A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Deli
authors.affiliation: Cyclolab Cyclodextrin Research and Development Laboratory Ltd., Budapest, Hungary.
authors.forename: Lajos
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Szente
authors.affiliation: Cyclolab Cyclodextrin Research and Development Laboratory Ltd., Budapest, Hungary.
authors.forename: Éva
authors.initials: É
authors.lastname: Fenyvesi
mesh_terms: D000073738:2-Hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin; D000818:Animals; D001692:Biological Transport / Q000187:drug effects; D001812:Blood-Brain Barrier / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy; D003505:Cyclodextrins / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005079:Excipients / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019636:Neurodegenerative Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy*; D052556:Niemann-Pick Disease, Type C / Q000188:drug therapy; D020521:Stroke / Q000188:drug therapy; D047392:beta-Cyclodextrins / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D003505:Cyclodextrins; D005079:Excipients; D047392:beta-Cyclodextrins; D000073738:2-Hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin
keywords: Blood–brain barrier; CNS diseases; Cyclodextrins; Drug delivery; Tight junctions