title: FHOD proteins in actin dynamics--a formin' class of its own.
abstract: Eukaryotic cells have evolved a variety of actin-binding proteins to regulate the architecture and the dynamics of the actin cytoskeleton in time and space. The Diaphanous-related formins (DRF) represent a diverse group of Rho-GTPase-regulated actin regulators that control a range of actin structures composed of tightly-bundled, unbranched actin filaments as found in stress fibers and in filopodia. Under resting conditions, DRFs are auto-inhibited by an intra-molecular interaction between the C-terminal and the N-terminal domains. The auto-inhibition is thought to be released by binding of an activated RhoGTPase to the N-terminal GTPase-binding domain (GBD). However, there is growing evidence for more sophisticated variations from this simplified linear activation model. In this review we focus on the formin homology domain-containing proteins (FHOD), an unconventional group of DRFs. Recent findings on the molecular control and cellular functions of FHOD proteins in vivo are discussed in the light of the phylogeny of FHOD proteins.
authors.affiliation: a Institut für Neurobiologie ; Universität Münster ; Münster , Germany.
authors.forename: Meike
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bechtold
authors.forename: Jörg
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schultz
authors.forename: Sven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bogdan
mesh_terms: D008841:Actin Cytoskeleton / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D006801:Humans; D008840:Microfilament Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D020741:rho GTP-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D008840:Microfilament Proteins; D020741:rho GTP-Binding Proteins
keywords: AML-1B, acute myeloid leukemia transcription factor; DAD, diaphanous auto-regulatory domain; DID, diaphanous inhibitory domain; DRF, Diaphanous-related formins; Dia, Diaphanous related formin; FH1, formin homology 1; FH2, formin homology 2; FH3, formin homology 3; FHOD; FHOD, FH1/FH2 domain-containing protein; GBD, GTPase-binding domain; RhoGTPases; SRE, serum response element; actin; cell migration; formins