title: Prevalence of risk factors for coronary artery disease in an urban Indian population.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of risk factors for coronary artery disease (CAD) in government employees across India.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study population consisted of government employees in different parts of India ({n=10,642 men and n=1966 women; age 20-60 years}) and comprised various ethnic groups living in different environmental conditions. Recruitment was carried out in 20 cities across 14 states, and in one union territory. All selected individuals were subjected to a detailed questionnaire, medical examinations and anthropometric measurements. Blood samples were collected for blood glucose and serum lipid profile estimation, and resting ECG was recorded. Results were analysed using appropriate statistical tools.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The study revealed that 4.6% of the study population had a family history of premature CAD. The overall prevalence of diabetes was 16% (5.6% diagnosed during the study and the remaining 10.4% already on medication). Hypertension was present in 21% of subjects. The prevalence of dyslipidemia was significantly high, with 45.6% of study subjects having a high total cholesterol/high density lipoprotein ratio. Overall, 78.6% subjects had two or more risk factors for CAD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study demonstrates a high prevalence of CAD risk factors in the Indian urban population. Therefore, there is an immediate need to initiate measures to raise awareness of these risk factors so that individuals at high risk for future CAD can be managed.
authors.affiliation: Division of Health, Endocrinology and Thyroid Research, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences (INMAS), Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO), Delhi, India.
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authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sekhri
authors.affiliation: Division of Health, Endocrinology and Thyroid Research, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences (INMAS), Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO), Delhi, India.
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Kanwar
authors.affiliation: Division of Health, Endocrinology and Thyroid Research, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences (INMAS), Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO), Delhi, India.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wilfred
authors.affiliation: Division of Health, Endocrinology and Thyroid Research, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences (INMAS), Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO), Delhi, India.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chugh
authors.affiliation: Division of Health, Endocrinology and Thyroid Research, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences (INMAS), Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO), Delhi, India.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chhillar
authors.affiliation: Division of Health, Endocrinology and Thyroid Research, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences (INMAS), Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO), Delhi, India.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Aggarwal
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics, Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences (DIPAS), Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO), Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Y K
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.affiliation: Division of Health, Endocrinology and Thyroid Research, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences (INMAS), Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO), Delhi, India.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sethi
authors.affiliation: Division of Health, Endocrinology and Thyroid Research, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences (INMAS), Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO), Delhi, India.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sundriyal
authors.affiliation: Division of Health, Endocrinology and Thyroid Research, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences (INMAS), Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO), Delhi, India.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bhadra
authors.affiliation: Division of Health, Endocrinology and Thyroid Research, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences (INMAS), Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO), Delhi, India.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: Division of Health, Endocrinology and Thyroid Research, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences (INMAS), Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO), Delhi, India.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Rautela
authors.affiliation: Division of Health, Endocrinology and Thyroid Research, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences (INMAS), Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO), Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Tek
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Chand
authors.affiliation: Division of Health, Endocrinology and Thyroid Research, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences (INMAS), Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO), Delhi, India.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: Division of Health, Endocrinology and Thyroid Research, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences (INMAS), Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO), Delhi, India.
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Singh
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000379:methods*; D012307:Risk Factors; D014505:Urban Population; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: CARDIOLOGY