title: RotaFlow and CentriMag extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support systems as treatment strategies for refractory cardiogenic shock.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  RotaFlow and Levitronix CentriMag veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support systems have been investigated as treatment for refractory cardiogenic shock (CS).
  
  
  METHODS
  Between 2004 and 2012, 119 consecutive adult patients were supported on RotaFlow (n = 104) or CentriMag (n = 15) ECMO at our institution (79 men; age 57.3 ± 12.5 years, range:19-78 years). Indications for support were: failure to wean from cardiopulmonary bypass in the setting of postcardiotomy (n = 47) and primary graft failure (n = 26); post-acute myocardial infarction CS (n = 11); acute myocarditis (n = 3); and CS on chronic heart failure (n = 32).
  
  
  RESULTS
  A central ECMO setting was established in 64 (53.7%) patients while peripherally in 55 (46.2%). Overall mean support time was 10.9 ± 8.7 days (range:1-43 days). Forty-two (35.2%) patients died on ECMO. Overall success rate, in terms of survival on ECMO (n = 77), weaning from mechanical support (n = 51; 42.8%) and bridge to heart transplantation (n = 26; 21.8%), was 64.7%. Sixty-eight (57.1%) patients were successfully discharged. Stepwise logistic regression identified blood lactate level and CK-MB relative index at 72 h after ECMO initiation, and number of packed red blood cells (PRBCs) transfused on ECMO as significant predictors of mortality (p = 0.011, odds ratio [OR] = 2.48; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.11-3.12; p = 0.012, OR = 2.81, 95% CI = 1.02-2.53; and p = 0.012, OR = 1.94; 95% CI = 1.02-5.21; respectively). Central ECMO population had a higher rate of continuous veno-venous hemofiltration (CVVH) need and bleeding events when compared with the peripheral setting.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients with a poor hemodynamic status may benefit by rapid insertion of veno-arterial ECMO. The blood lactate level, CK-MB relative index and PRBCs transfused should be strictly monitored during ECMO support.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery and Transplantation, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Bologna University, Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Loforte
authors.forename: Emanuele
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Pilato
authors.forename: Sofia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Martin Suarez
authors.forename: Gianluca
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Folesani
authors.forename: Giuliano
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Jafrancesco
authors.forename: Sebastiano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Castrovinci
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Grigioni
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Marinelli
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D052279:Creatine Kinase, MB Form / Q000097:blood; D015199:Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods* / Q000401:mortality; D005260:Female; D006400:Hematocrit; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006801:Humans; D007773:Lactates / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic; D012770:Shock, Cardiogenic / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D015996:Survival Rate; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D007773:Lactates; D052279:Creatine Kinase, MB Form