title: Chemerin induces insulin resistance in rat cardiomyocytes in part through the ERK1/2 signaling pathway.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Chemerin is a novel adipokine that is closely associated with cardiovascular diseases and glucose homeostasis. This study aimed to investigate the effects of chemerin on insulin resistance in rat cardiomyocytes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rat cardiomyocytes were treated with high concentrations of glucose and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and chemerin and chemokine-like receptor 1 (CMKLR1) were measured by Western blot analysis. Then, the cardiomyocytes were treated with chemerin and insulin. Glucose uptake was evaluated using a fluorescence microplate reader. Western blot analysis was used to evaluate the phosphorylation of Akt, insulin receptor substrate-1, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), as well as extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Chemerin and CMKLR1 were found to be expressed in rat cardiomyocytes. Pretreatment with chemerin caused decreases in glucose uptake and phosphorylation of Akt in insulin-stimulated cardiomyocytes. Furthermore, chemerin activated the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and ERK1/2 in insulin-stimulated cardiomyocytes. Inhibition of ERK partially rescued chemerin-induced insulin resistance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Chemerin is a novel adipokine that induces insulin resistance in rat cardiomyocytes in part through the ERK1/2 pathway.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.
authors.forename: Ruining
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Suyun
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Bingyan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Liang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Yongjun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D018925:Chemokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000494:pharmacology; D005947:Glucose / Q000494:pharmacology; D007328:Insulin / Q000494:pharmacology; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D032383:Myocytes, Cardiac / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D019707:Receptors, Chemokine / Q000378:metabolism*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D018925:Chemokines; C109811:Cmklr1 protein, rat; D005419:Flavonoids; D007328:Insulin; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors; C560738:Rarres2 protein, rat; D019707:Receptors, Chemokine; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D005947:Glucose; C093973:2-(2-amino-3-methoxyphenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one