title: Surgical site infection rates in six cities of India: findings of the International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium (INICC).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Surgical site infections are a threat to patient safety. However, in India, data on their rates stratified by surgical procedure are not available.
  
  
  METHODS
  From January 2005 to December 2011, the International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium (INICC) conducted a cohort prospective surveillance study on surgical site infections in 10 hospitals in 6 Indian cities. CDC National Healthcare Safety Network (CDC-NHSN) methods were applied and surgical procedures were classified into 11 types, according to the ninth edition of the International Classification of Diseases.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We documented 1189 surgical site infections, associated with 28 340 surgical procedures (4.2%; 95% CI: 4.0-4.4). Surgical site infections rates were compared with INICC and CDC-NHSN reports, respectively: 4.3% for coronary bypass with chest and donor incision (4.5% vs 2.9%); 8.3% for breast surgery (1.7% vs 2.3%); 6.5% for cardiac surgery (5.6% vs 1.3%); 6.0% for exploratory abdominal surgery (4.1% vs 2.0%), among others.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In most types of surgical procedures, surgical site infections rates were higher than those reported by the CDC-NHSN, but similar to INICC. This study is an important advancement towards the knowledge of surgical site infections epidemiology in the participating Indian hospitals that will allow us to introduce targeted interventions.
authors.affiliation: Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences & Research Center, Kochi, India.
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authors.affiliation: Fortis Hospital, Bangalore, India.
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authors.affiliation: International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium, Buenos Aires, Argentina victor_rosenthal@inicc.org.
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authors.affiliation: Fortis Hospital, Bangalore, India.
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authors.affiliation: Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, India.
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authors.affiliation: Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, India.
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authors.affiliation: Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, India.
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authors.affiliation: Dr L H Hiranandani Hospital, Mumbai, India.
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authors.affiliation: Dr L H Hiranandani Hospital, Mumbai, India.
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authors.affiliation: Dr L H Hiranandani Hospital, Mumbai, India.
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authors.affiliation: Ruby Hall Clinic, Pune, India.
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authors.lastname: Kamble
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authors.lastname: Kumari
authors.affiliation: Ruby Hall Clinic, Pune, India.
authors.forename: Angelina
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authors.lastname: Mendonca
authors.affiliation: Kokilaben Dhirubhai Ambani Hospital, Mumbai, India.
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authors.lastname: Singhal
authors.affiliation: Kokilaben Dhirubhai Ambani Hospital, Mumbai, India.
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authors.affiliation: Holy Spirit Hospital, Mumbai, India.
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mesh_terms: D003428:Cross Infection / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006761:Hospitals; D006801:Humans; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology; D017053:Infection Control; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013530:Surgical Wound Infection / Q000453:epidemiology*; D014505:Urban Population
keywords: Developing countries; Healthcare-associated infection; Hospital infection; India; Nosocomial infection; Surgical wound infection