title: The role of the gut and microbes in the pathogenesis of spondyloarthritis.
abstract: The intestinal microbiota is firmly implicated not only in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) but increasingly also in the development of inflammation at extraintestinal tissue sites. Significant clinical, genetic, immunological, and microbiological overlap exists between IBD and spondyloarthritis (SpA), which indicates that pathophysiological mechanisms are shared between these diseases and may center on the intestinal microbiota. Recently, culture-independent techniques have enabled the microbiota in health and disease to be described in increasing detail. Moreover, functional studies have identified myriad host effector and regulatory pathways that shape or are shaped by this microbial community. We consider the complex relationship between SpA pathogenesis and gut microbes, with a discussion of how manipulation of the gut microbiota itself may be a promising future target for SpA therapy.
authors.affiliation: Division of Arthritis and Rheumatic Diseases, and Department of Ophthalmology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd., L647Ad, Portland, OR 97239, USA. Electronic address: asquith@ohsu.edu.
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Asquith
authors.affiliation: Department of Rheumatology, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, Ghent 9000, Belgium. Electronic address: Dirk.Elewaut@UGent.be.
authors.forename: Dirk
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Elewaut
authors.affiliation: Division of Arthritis and Rheumatic Diseases, and Department of Ophthalmology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd., L647Ad, Portland, OR 97239, USA. Electronic address: linp@ohsu.edu.
authors.forename: Phoebe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Division of Arthritis and Rheumatic Diseases, and Department of Ophthalmology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd., L647Ad, Portland, OR 97239, USA; Legacy Devers Eye Institute, 1040 NW 22nd Ave, Portland, OR 97210, USA. Electronic address: rosenbaj@ohsu.edu.
authors.forename: James T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Rosenbaum
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology; D015212:Inflammatory Bowel Diseases / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology; D007422:Intestines / Q000382:microbiology*; D064307:Microbiota; D025241:Spondylarthritis / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology*
keywords: Ankylosing spondylitis; Dysbiosis; Inflammatory bowel disease; Microbiota; Reactive arthritis; Spondyloarthritis