title: Variation in time and magnitude of immune response and viremia in experimental challenges with Porcine circovirus 2b.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Porcine circovirus 2 is the primary agent responsible for inducing a group of associated diseases known as Porcine Circovirus Associated Diseases (PCVAD), which can have detrimental effects on production efficiency as well as causing significant mortality. The objective of this study was to evaluate variation in viral replication, immune response and growth across pigs (n = 974) from different crossbred lines. The approach used in this study was experimental infection with a PCV2b strain of pigs at an average of 43 days of age.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The sequence of the PCV2b isolate used in the challenge was similar with a cluster of PCV2b isolates known to induce PCVAD and increased mortality rates. The swine leukocyte antigen class II (SLAII) profile of the population was diverse, with nine DQB1 haplotypes being present. Individual viremia and antibody profiles during challenge demonstrate variation in magnitude and time of viral surge and immune response. The correlations between PCV2 specific antibodies and average daily gain (ADG) were relatively low and varied between - 0.14 to 0.08 for IgM and -0.02 and 0.11 for IgG. In contrast, PCV2 viremia was an important driver of ADG decline following infection; a moderate negative correlation was observed between viral load and overall ADG (r = - 0.35, P < 0.001). The pigs with the lowest 10% level of viral load maintained a steady increase in weekly ADG (P < 0.0001) compared to the pigs that had the 10% greatest viral load (P < 0.55). In addition, the highly viremic group expressed higher IgM and IgG starting with d 14 and d 21 respectively, and higher tumor necrosis factor - alpha (TNF-α) at d 21 (P < 0.005), compared to low viremic group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Molecular sources of the observed differences in viremia and immune response could provide a better understanding of the host factors that influence the development of PCVAD and lead to improved knowledge of swine immunity.
authors.affiliation: Animal Science Department, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, 68583-0908, USA. tbengle@huskers.unl.edu.
authors.forename: Taylor B
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: Engle
authors.affiliation: Animal Science Department, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, 68583-0908, USA. e_jobman09@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Erin E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Jobman
authors.affiliation: School of Veterinary Medicine and Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, USA. mouraltm@gmail.com.|Bluegrass Community & Technical College, Lexington, USA. mouraltm@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Timothy W
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Moural
authors.affiliation: Animal Science Department, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, 68583-0908, USA. amcknite@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Autumn M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: McKnite
authors.affiliation: Animal Science Department, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, 68583-0908, USA. justin@billbarr.com.
authors.forename: Justin W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Bundy
authors.affiliation: Animal Science Department, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, 68583-0908, USA. sarah.barnsie@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Sarah Y
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Barnes
authors.affiliation: Animal Science Department, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, 68583-0908, USA. emilyhdavis@me.com.
authors.forename: Emily H
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.affiliation: School of Veterinary Medicine and Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, USA. judith.galeota@unl.edu.
authors.forename: Judith A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Galeota
authors.affiliation: Animal Science Department, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, 68583-0908, USA. tburkey2@unl.edu.
authors.forename: Thomas E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Burkey
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada. plastow@ualberta.ca.
authors.forename: Graham S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Plastow
authors.affiliation: Department of Statistics, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, USA. steve.kachman@unl.edu.
authors.forename: Stephen D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Kachman
authors.affiliation: Animal Science Department, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, 68583-0908, USA. dciobanu2@unl.edu.
authors.forename: Daniel C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Ciobanu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018173:Circoviridae Infections / Q000276:immunology / Q000662:veterinary* / Q000821:virology; D017925:Circovirus / Q000276:immunology* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D004198:Disease Susceptibility / Q000276:immunology / Q000662:veterinary / Q000821:virology; D007109:Immunity / Q000276:immunology; D013552:Swine / Q000254:growth & development / Q000821:virology; D013553:Swine Diseases / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology*; D013997:Time Factors; D019562:Viral Load / Q000662:veterinary; D014766:Viremia / Q000276:immunology / Q000662:veterinary* / Q000821:virology; D014779:Virus Replication