title: Stretchable silicon nanoribbon electronics for skin prosthesis.
abstract: Sensory receptors in human skin transmit a wealth of tactile and thermal signals from external environments to the brain. Despite advances in our understanding of mechano- and thermosensation, replication of these unique sensory characteristics in artificial skin and prosthetics remains challenging. Recent efforts to develop smart prosthetics, which exploit rigid and/or semi-flexible pressure, strain and temperature sensors, provide promising routes for sensor-laden bionic systems, but with limited stretchability, detection range and spatio-temporal resolution. Here we demonstrate smart prosthetic skin instrumented with ultrathin, single crystalline silicon nanoribbon strain, pressure and temperature sensor arrays as well as associated humidity sensors, electroresistive heaters and stretchable multi-electrode arrays for nerve stimulation. This collection of stretchable sensors and actuators facilitate highly localized mechanical and thermal skin-like perception in response to external stimuli, thus providing unique opportunities for emerging classes of prostheses and peripheral nervous system interface technologies.
authors.affiliation: 1] Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 151-742, Korea [2] School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea.
authors.forename: Jaemin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: 1] Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 151-742, Korea [2] Interdisciplinary Program for Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea.
authors.forename: Mincheol
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: 1] Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 151-742, Korea [2] School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea.
authors.forename: Hyung Joon
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Shim
authors.affiliation: MC10 Inc., 9 Camp Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02140, USA.
authors.forename: Roozbeh
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ghaffari
authors.affiliation: 1] Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 151-742, Korea [2] Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-744, Korea.
authors.forename: Hye Rim
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.affiliation: 1] Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 151-742, Korea [2] School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea.
authors.forename: Donghee
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Son
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA.
authors.forename: Yei Hwan
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.affiliation: 1] Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 151-742, Korea [2] School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea.
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Soh
authors.affiliation: 1] Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 151-742, Korea [2] School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea.
authors.forename: Changsoon
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: 1] Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 151-742, Korea [2] School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea.
authors.forename: Sungmook
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 110-744, Korea.
authors.forename: Kon
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Chu
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 110-744, Korea.
authors.forename: Daejong
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Jeon
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 110-744, Korea.
authors.forename: Soon-Tae
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: School of Mechanical Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Korea.
authors.forename: Ji Hoon
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: 1] Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 151-742, Korea [2] Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-744, Korea.
authors.forename: Seung Hong
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: 1] Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 151-742, Korea [2] School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea.
authors.forename: Taeghwan
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hyeon
authors.affiliation: 1] Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 151-742, Korea [2] School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea [3] Interdisciplinary Program for Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea.
authors.forename: Dae-Hyeong
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D004566:Electrodes; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation; D009068:Movement; D036103:Nanotechnology / Q000379:methods; D037742:Nanotubes, Carbon / Q000737:chemistry*; D011312:Pressure; D011474:Prosthesis Design; D012825:Silicon / Q000737:chemistry*; D012867:Skin / Q000378:metabolism*; D017768:Skin, Artificial; D013696:Temperature; D055698:Touch Perception
chemical_list: D037742:Nanotubes, Carbon; D012825:Silicon