title: RNA imaging in living cells - methods and applications.
abstract: Numerous types of transcripts perform multiple functions in cells, and these functions are mainly facilitated by the interactions of the RNA with various proteins and other RNAs. Insight into the dynamics of RNA biosynthesis, processing and cellular activities is highly desirable because this knowledge will deepen our understanding of cell physiology and help explain the mechanisms of RNA-mediated pathologies. In this review, we discuss the live RNA imaging systems that have been developed to date. We highlight information on the design of these systems, briefly discuss their advantages and limitations and provide examples of their numerous applications in various organisms and cell types. We present a detailed examination of one application of RNA imaging systems: this application aims to explain the role of mutant transcripts in human disease pathogenesis caused by triplet repeat expansions. Thus, this review introduces live RNA imaging systems and provides a glimpse into their various applications.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Molecular Biomedicine; Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry; Polish Academy of Sciences ; Poznan , Poland.
authors.forename: Martyna O
authors.initials: MO
authors.lastname: Urbanek
authors.forename: Paulina
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Galka-Marciniak
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Olejniczak
authors.forename: Wlodzimierz J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Krzyzosiak
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D057054:Molecular Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D061848:Optical Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D011506:Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D019680:Trinucleotide Repeat Expansion / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D011506:Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger
keywords: RNA fluorescence imaging; RNA localization; RNA nuclear foci; live-cell imaging systems; triplet repeat diseases