title: Uptake and transport of insulin across intestinal membrane model using trimethyl chitosan coated insulin niosomes.
abstract: This study reports the development of a highly stable niosomal nanostructure based on Span 60/cholesterol (CH)/N-trimethyl chitosan (TMC) system and its potential application for oral delivery of insulin. Insulin loaded niosomes were prepared by reversed-phase evaporation and TMC coating was performed by incubation of niosomal suspensions with TMC solution. The efficiency of nanoparticulate delivery system in enhancement of insulin permeation was evaluated by Caco-2 cell monolayer as intestinal membrane models. The prepared niosomes were characterized for entrapment efficiency (EE), particle size, zeta potential and stability. The particles were between 100 and 180 nm in diameter, and they were stable for over 60 days at 4 °C. Insulin permeability through Caco-2 cell monolayer was enhanced 4-fold by niosomal nanoparticles, compared with insulin alone. Further work is demanded to optimize this formulation with the object of maximizing its potential to facilitate oral delivery of insulin.
authors.affiliation: Biosensor Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Nanobiomaterials Laboratory (NBML), Biomaterials Center of Excellence, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran 15914, Iran.
authors.forename: Saeid
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Moghassemi
authors.affiliation: Biosensor Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Nanobiomaterials Laboratory (NBML), Biomaterials Center of Excellence, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran 15914, Iran.
authors.forename: Ehsan
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Parnian
authors.affiliation: Biosensor Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Nanobiomaterials Laboratory (NBML), Biomaterials Center of Excellence, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran 15914, Iran.
authors.forename: Amirhossien
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hakamivala
authors.affiliation: Biosensor Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Maedeh
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Darzianiazizi
authors.affiliation: Biosensor Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Marzieh Mowlavi
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Vardanjani
authors.affiliation: Biosensor Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kashanian
authors.affiliation: Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Bagher
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Larijani
authors.affiliation: Biosensor Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute, Tehran, Iran. Electronic address: omidfar@tums.ac.ir.
authors.forename: Kobra
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Omidfar
mesh_terms: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D018938:Caco-2 Cells; D048271:Chitosan / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004337:Drug Carriers; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000378:metabolism*; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism*; D008954:Models, Biological
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D004337:Drug Carriers; D007328:Insulin; C118071:N-trimethyl chitosan chloride; D048271:Chitosan
keywords: Caco-2 cell monolayer; Insulin; Niosomal nanostructure; Permeation; Trimethyl chitosan