title: Mitral valve replacement in a young pregnant woman: a case report and review of literature.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cardiac diseases occur in 2-4% of pregnancies and rheumatic mitral disease is the most common acquired heart disease in pregnancy. Cardiac surgery carries significant maternal and fetal complications. Cardiac operation during pregnancy is indicated only when medical management fails. Although emergency cardiac surgery during pregnancy increases fetal mortality, sometime urgent cardiac surgery is inevitable. Cardiac surgery can be performed with relative safety during pregnancy by adopting normothermic, high flow rate circulation and continuous fetal activity monitoring.
  
  
  METHODS
  We reviewed English literature of a pregnant patient undergoing cardiac surgery during pregnancy. We presented a 25-year-old woman admitted with massive hemoptysis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The patient underwent a successful mitral valve replacement during the third trimester. The aim of our study was to propose a practical guideline for similar situations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Mhonchan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kikon
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Krishnanu
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Dutta Choudhury
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Neeraj
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Prakash
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Anubhav
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Vijay
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Grover
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Vijay
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Kumar Gupta
keywords: Mitral Valve; Pregnancy; Replacement