title: Knowledge, attitudes, and practice patterns among healthcare providers in the prevention of recurrent kidney stones in Northern Ontario.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Kidney stone recurrence is common. Preventive measures can lead to improved quality of life and costs savings to the individual and healthcare system. Guidelines to prevent recurrent kidney stones are published by various urological societies. Adherence to guidelines amongst healthcare professionals in general is poor, while adherence to preventive management guidelines regarding stone disease is unknown. To understand this issue, we conducted an online study to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practice patterns of healthcare practitioners in Northern Ontario.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used the database of healthcare providers affiliated with the Northern Ontario School of Medicine, in Sudbury (East Campus) and Thunder Bay (West Campus), Ontario. We designed the survey based on current best practice guidelines for the management of recurrent kidney stones. Questions covered 3 domains: knowledge, attitudes, and practice patterns. Demographic data were also collected. The survey was distributed electronically to all participants.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 68 healthcare providers completed the survey. Of these, most were primary care physicians (72%). To keep uniformity, we analyzed the data of this homogenous group. A total of 70% of the respondents were aware of the current guidelines; however, only 43% applied their knowledge in clinical practice. Most participants lacked confidence while answering most items in the attitude domain.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Most primary care physician respondents were aware of the appropriate preventive measures for recurrent kidney stones; however, they do not appear to apply this knowledge effectively in clinical practice. A low response rate is a limitation of our study. Further studies involving a larger sample size may lead to information sharing and collaborative care among healthcare providers.
authors.affiliation: Division of Urology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON;
authors.forename: Derek
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bos
authors.affiliation: Clinical Sciences Division, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Sudbury, ON; and the Richmond Hill Urology Practice and Prostate Institute, Richmond Hill, ON;
authors.forename: Emmanuel
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Abara
authors.affiliation: Clinical Sciences Division, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Sudbury, ON; and the Department of Medicine, Timmins and District Hospital, Timmins, ON.
authors.forename: Malvinder S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Parmar