title: Peptide-based vaccines for cancer therapy.
abstract: Interest for cancer vaccination started more than 30 years ago after the demonstration that both in animal models and later on in patients it is possible to generate anti-tumor immune responses. The clinical application of this knowledge, however, was disappointing. In this review we summarize results on peptides epitopes recognized by T cells that have been studied thanks to their easy synthesis and the lack of significant side effects when administered in-vivo. To improve the clinical efficacy, peptides were modified in their aminoacid sequence to augment their immunogenicity. Peptides vaccines were recently shown to induce a high frequency of immune response in patients that were accompanied by clinical efficacy. These data are discussed at the light of recent progression of immunotherapy caused by the addition of check-point antibodies thus providing a general picture of the potential therapeutic efficacy of the peptide-based vaccines and their combination with other biological agents.
authors.affiliation: a San Raffaele Scientific Institute ; Milano , Italy.
authors.forename: Giorgio
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Parmiani
authors.forename: Vincenzo
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Russo
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Maccalli
authors.forename: Danilo
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Parolini
authors.forename: Nathalie
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Rizzo
authors.forename: Michele
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Maio
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm / Q000276:immunology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019496:Cancer Vaccines / Q000276:immunology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018984:Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007167:Immunotherapy / Q000379:methods; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy*; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D014611:Vaccination; D022223:Vaccines, Subunit / Q000276:immunology / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm; D019496:Cancer Vaccines; D018984:Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte; D022223:Vaccines, Subunit
keywords: antigens; cancer; epitopes; immune responses; vaccination