title: MC3T3-E1 proliferation and differentiation on biphasic mixtures of Mg substituted β-tricalcium phosphate and amorphous calcium phosphate.
abstract: A low temperature aqueous approach was used to synthesize nanocrystalline, high surface area Mg(2+) substituted β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCMP) to assess its potential use as a synthetic bone graft substitute. X-ray diffraction indicated that β-TCMP was the predominant crystalline phase formed. However, thermal analysis revealed the presence of a secondary amorphous phase which increased with increasing Mg(2+) concentration. Further analysis by Rietveld refinement indicated that the level of ionic substitution of Ca(2+) by Mg(2+) was significantly lower than the amount of Mg(2+) measured using elemental analysis, confirming the formation of a Mg(2+) rich secondary amorphous phase. MC3T3-E1 proliferation on substrates prepared using β-TCMP was assessed using the MTT assay. In comparison to commercially available β-TCP, increased proliferation was observed on samples prepared with 50% Mg, despite elevated Mg(2+) and PO4(3-) concentrations in culture media. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and qRT-PCR were used to study the effect of varying Mg(2+) substitution on osteogenic differentiation. Cells cultured on β-TCMP substrates prepared with increased Mg(2+) concentrations expressed significantly increased levels of ALP activity and osteogenic genes such as, osteocalcin, collagen-1, and Runx2, in comparison to those cultured on commercially available β-TCP.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical & Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA.
authors.forename: Satish S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA.
authors.forename: Abhijit
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Roy
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA.
authors.forename: Boeun E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical & Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA.
authors.forename: Ipsita
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Banerjee
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical & Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA; Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA; Center for Complex Engineered Multifunctional Materials, University of Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA. Electronic address: pkumta@pitt.edu.
authors.forename: Prashant N
authors.initials: PN
authors.lastname: Kumta
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D000818:Animals; D018786:Bone Substitutes / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D002130:Calcium Phosphates / Q000737:chemistry*; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D002460:Cell Line; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D024042:Collagen Type I / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D050659:Core Binding Factor Alpha 1 Subunit / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008274:Magnesium / Q000737:chemistry*; D051379:Mice; D049329:Nanostructures / Q000737:chemistry; D015675:Osteocalcin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D016062:Porosity; D011506:Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D018786:Bone Substitutes; D002130:Calcium Phosphates; D024042:Collagen Type I; D050659:Core Binding Factor Alpha 1 Subunit; D011506:Proteins; C519480:amorphous calcium phosphate; C485817:beta-tricalcium phosphate; D015675:Osteocalcin; D008274:Magnesium
keywords: Calcium phosphate; Magnesium; Osteogenic differentiation; Rietveld refinement