title: Statistical Reporting Errors and Collaboration on Statistical Analyses in Psychological Science.
abstract: Statistical analysis is error prone. A best practice for researchers using statistics would therefore be to share data among co-authors, allowing double-checking of executed tasks just as co-pilots do in aviation. To document the extent to which this 'co-piloting' currently occurs in psychology, we surveyed the authors of 697 articles published in six top psychology journals and asked them whether they had collaborated on four aspects of analyzing data and reporting results, and whether the described data had been shared between the authors. We acquired responses for 49.6% of the articles and found that co-piloting on statistical analysis and reporting results is quite uncommon among psychologists, while data sharing among co-authors seems reasonably but not completely standard. We then used an automated procedure to study the prevalence of statistical reporting errors in the articles in our sample and examined the relationship between reporting errors and co-piloting. Overall, 63% of the articles contained at least one p-value that was inconsistent with the reported test statistic and the accompanying degrees of freedom, and 20% of the articles contained at least one p-value that was inconsistent to such a degree that it may have affected decisions about statistical significance. Overall, the probability that a given p-value was inconsistent was over 10%. Co-piloting was not found to be associated with reporting errors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Methodology and Statistics, Tilburg School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Coosje L S
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Veldkamp
authors.affiliation: Department of Methodology and Statistics, Tilburg School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Michèle B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Nuijten
authors.affiliation: Department of Organization Studies, Tilburg School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Linda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Dominguez-Alvarez
authors.affiliation: Department of Methodology and Statistics, Tilburg School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Marcel A L M
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: van Assen
authors.affiliation: Department of Methodology and Statistics, Tilburg School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Jelte M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Wicherts
mesh_terms: D003299:Cooperative Behavior; D000068598:Data Accuracy; D003627:Data Interpretation, Statistical; D006801:Humans; D033181:Information Dissemination; D010506:Periodicals as Topic / Q000592:standards / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011584:Psychology / Q000592:standards / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012107:Research Design; D013223:Statistics as Topic / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards