title: In vitro anti-proliferative activity on colon cancer cell line (HT-29) of Thai medicinal plants selected from Thai/Lanna medicinal plant recipe database "MANOSROI III".
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Thai/Lanna region has its own folklore wisdoms including the traditional medicinal plant recipes. Thai/Lanna medicinal plant recipe database "MANOSROI III" has been developed by Prof. Dr. Jiradej Manosroi. It consists of over 200,000 recipes for all diseases including cancer. To investigate the anti-proliferative and apoptotic activities on human colon cancer cell line (HT-29) as well as the cancer cell selectivity of the methanolic extracts (MEs) and fractions of the 23 selected plants from the "MANOSROI III" database.
  
  
  METHODS
  The 23 selected plants were extracted with methanol under reflux and evaluated for their anti-proliferative activity by sulforhodamine B assay. The 5 plants (Gloriosa superba, Caesalpinia sappan, Fibraurea tinctoria, Ventilago denticulata and Psophocarpus tetragonolobus) with potent anti-proliferative activity were fractionated by liquid-liquid partition to give 4 fractions including each hexane (HF), methanol-water (MF), n-butanol (BF) and water (WF) fractions. They were tested for anti-proliferative activity and cancer cell selectivity. The ME and fractions of G. superba which showed potent anti-proliferative activity were further examined for morphological changes and apoptotic activities by acridine orange (AO)/ethidium bromide (EB) staining.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The ME of G. superba root showed active with the highest anti-proliferative activity at 9.17 and 1.58 folds of cisplatin and doxorubicin, respectively. After liquid-liquid partition, HF of V. denticulata, MFs of F. tinctoria, V. denticulata and BF of P. tetragonolobus showed higher anti-proliferative activities than their MEs. The MF of G. superba indicated the highest anti-proliferative activity at 7.73 and 1.34 folds of cisplatin and doxorubicin, respectively, but only 0.86 fold of its ME. The ME and HF, MF and BF of G. superba and MF of F. tinctoria demonstrated high cancer cell selectivity. At 50 µg/ml, ME, HF, MF and BF of G. superba demonstrated higher apoptotic activities than the two standard drugs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This present study has not only confirmed the traditional use of the Thai/Lanna medicinal plant recipes for cancer treatments, but also the potential of the selected plant, G. superba for the further development as a modern anti-cancer drug.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Natural Products Research and Development Center (NPRDC), Science and Technology Research Institute (STRI), Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Manose Health and Beauty Research Center, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
authors.forename: Aranya
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Manosroi
authors.affiliation: Natural Products Research and Development Center (NPRDC), Science and Technology Research Institute (STRI), Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Department of Biotechnology and Material Chemistry, Nihon University Junior College, Chiba 274-8501, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Akazawa
authors.affiliation: College of Science and Technology, Nihon University, Tokyo 101-8308, Japan; Akihisa Medical Clinic, 1086-3 Kamo, Sanda-shi, Hyogo 669-1331, Japan.
authors.forename: Toshihiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Akihisa
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
authors.forename: Pensak
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Jantrawut
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Natural Products Research and Development Center (NPRDC), Science and Technology Research Institute (STRI), Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Manose Health and Beauty Research Center, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
authors.forename: Worapong
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Kitdamrongtham
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
authors.forename: Worapaka
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Manosroi
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Natural Products Research and Development Center (NPRDC), Science and Technology Research Institute (STRI), Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Manose Health and Beauty Research Center, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand. Electronic address: jiradej.manosroi8@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Jiradej
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Manosroi
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D016208:Databases, Factual; D019073:HT29 Cells; D006801:Humans; D019684:Magnoliopsida; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010946:Plants, Medicinal; D013785:Thailand
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D010936:Plant Extracts
keywords: Anti-proliferative activity; Apoptosis; HT-29 cell line; SRB assay; Thai medicinal plants; “MANOSROI III” database