title: Mangiferin attenuates renal ischemia-reperfusion injury by inhibiting inflammation and inducing adenosine production.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI) is a leading cause of acute kidney injury, which is associated with high morbidity. The aims of the present study were to examine whether mangiferin attenuates renal IRI in an animal model and to identify the underlying mechanism(s).
  
  
  METHODS
  Male mice were subjected to right renal ischemia for 30min followed by reperfusion for 24h or to a sham operation during which the left kidney was removed. After the 24h reperfusion, all mice were humanely euthanized and kidney tissues collected. Renal damage and apoptosis were investigated by examining hematoxylin and eosin-stained tissues, and by TUNEL assay and immunohistochemistry. Renal function was examined by measuring the concentrations of creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, and potassium (K(+)) in the serum. MPO activity, the levels of NO, TNF-α, IL-1β, and adenosine, and CD73 expression in renal tissue were also examined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mangiferin reduced ischemia reperfusion-induced injury, improved kidney function, and inhibited both proinflammatory responses and tubular apoptosis. In addition, treatment with mangiferin increased adenosine production and CD73 expression in kidney's suffering IRI.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Mangiferin appears to attenuate renal IRI by inhibiting proinflammatory responses and tubular apoptosis and by increasing adenosine production. These effects are associated with the adenosine-CD73 signaling pathway.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
authors.forename: Jingyuan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wan
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
authors.forename: Xia
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Gong
authors.affiliation: Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
authors.forename: Ge
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kuang
authors.affiliation: Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
authors.forename: Xiahong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China. Electronic address: minsu89011069@163.com.
authors.forename: Su
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Min
mesh_terms: D015720:5'-Nucleotidase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D000241:Adenosine / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D001806:Blood Urea Nitrogen; D003404:Creatinine / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000378:metabolism; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D011188:Potassium / Q000097:blood; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000188:drug therapy*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D003404:Creatinine; D009195:Peroxidase; D015720:5'-Nucleotidase; D000241:Adenosine; D011188:Potassium
keywords: Adenosine; Inflammation; Ischemia reperfusion injury; Kidney; Mangiferin