title: Retinoic acids change gene expression profiles of bovine intramuscular adipocyte differentiation, based on microarray analysis.
abstract: Beef marbling is caused by intramuscular deposition and it is an economically important trait in the beef industry. Vitamin A (VA) is an important feed supplement for cattle, but it can hinder marbling if provided in excess. In cattle, VA forms various derivatives such as all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) and 9-cis retinoic acid (9cRA). Therefore, we investigated the genes involved in bovine intramuscular adipogenesis after VA treatment with ATRA and 9cRA. Differential gene expression levels were validated by microarray analysis in a clonal bovine intramuscular preadipocyte (BIP) cell line derived from the intramuscular adipose tissue of Japanese Black cattle. BIP cells were harvested 6 days after adipogenic stimulation with either 1 μmol/L ATRA, 1 μmol/L 9cRA or non-retinoic acid control. The ATRA- and 9cRA-treated cells exhibited reduced transcription of genes involved in the circulatory system and muscle development compared with the no retinoic acid (RA) treatment. In addition, the ATRA- and 9cRA-treated cells exhibited increased transcription of genes involved in the immune system, protein kinase B signaling and responses to various stimuli. These results demonstrate the lower expression of muscle development in ATRA- and 9cRA-treated BIP cells during adipogenesis.
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Japan.
authors.forename: Daiki
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Taniguchi
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Japan.|School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Japan.
authors.forename: Yasushi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Mizoguchi
mesh_terms: D017667:Adipocytes / Q000166:cytology*; D050156:Adipogenesis / Q000235:genetics; D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000166:cytology; D000077556:Alitretinoin; D000821:Animal Feed; D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000235:genetics*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D063427:Food Quality; D008460:Meat; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000166:cytology*; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000502:physiology; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000235:genetics; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects; D059467:Transcriptome / Q000187:drug effects*; D014212:Tretinoin / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000077556:Alitretinoin; D014212:Tretinoin; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt
keywords: beef marbling; bovine intramuscular preadipocyte; intramuscular adipogenesis; retinoic acids receptors; vitamin A