title: Tissue-specific actions of the metabolic hormones FGF15/19 and FGF21.
abstract: Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) 15/19 and 21 belong to a subfamily of FGFs that function as hormones. Produced in response to specific nutritional cues, they act on overlapping sets of cell surface receptors composed of classic FGF receptors in complex with βKlotho, and regulate metabolism and related processes during periods of fluctuating energy availability. Pharmacologically, both FGF15/19 and FGF21 cause weight loss and improve both insulin-sensitivity and lipid parameters in rodent and primate models of metabolic disease. Recently, FGF21 was shown to have similar effects in obese patients with type 2 diabetes. We discuss here emerging concepts in FGF15/19 and FGF21 tissue-specific actions and critically assess their putative role as candidate targets for treating metabolic disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
authors.forename: Bryn M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Owen
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA. Electronic address: davo.mango@utsouthwestern.edu.
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Mangelsdorf
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA. Electronic address: steven.kliewer@utsouthwestern.edu.
authors.forename: Steven A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Kliewer
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D005346:Fibroblast Growth Factors / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008659:Metabolic Diseases / Q000378:metabolism*; D009765:Obesity / Q000378:metabolism; D009928:Organ Specificity
chemical_list: C117476:FGF19 protein, human; C414620:fibroblast growth factor 21; D005346:Fibroblast Growth Factors
keywords: arginine vasopressin; brown adipose tissue; corticotropin-releasing factor; hypothalamus; sympathetic nervous system; βKlotho