title: The common pathophysiology underlying the metabolic syndrome, schizophrenia and depression. A review.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There is a growing interest in metabolic alterations in patients with psychiatric disorders due to their increased risk for metabolic syndrome (MetS) development. Inflammation is known to underlie the pathophysiology of schizophrenia and depression as well as MetS. Vulnerability factors for schizophrenia/depression and MetS hence appear to be shared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Based on a Web of Science search, this review examines current evidence for MetS pathophysiology involving dysregulation of adipose tissue signaling - adipokines and pro-inflammatory cytokine, both also known to be aberrant in schizophrenia/depression. Further, gender differences in the incidence and course of schizophrenia/depression were reported. The disturbances linked to the MetS are also described. Therefore, this review further maps the gender differences in the psychiatric-metabolic comorbidities.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is evidence supporting a pathological predisposition to MetS in both schizophrenia and depression in both humans and animal models. This predisposition is dramatically enhanced by antipsychotic medication. Further, there are gender differences from clinical findings suggesting women with schizophrenia/depression are more vulnerable to MetS development. This has not yet been assessed in animal studies. We suggest further validation of existing schizophrenia and depression animal models for the assessment of metabolic disturbances to provide tools for developing new antipsychotics and antidepressants with "metabolically inert" profile or improving the metabolic status in schizophrenic/depressed patients.
authors.affiliation: Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.|Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno.
authors.forename: Jana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kucerova
authors.affiliation: Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.|Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno.
authors.forename: Zuzana
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Babinska
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Veterinary and Pharmaceutical University Brno.
authors.forename: Katerina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Horska
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Veterinary and Pharmaceutical University Brno.
authors.forename: Hana
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kotolova
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016207:Cytokines / Q000502:physiology; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000150:complications*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000523:psychology*; D052243:Resistin / Q000502:physiology; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000150:complications*; D012727:Sex Characteristics
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D052243:Resistin
keywords: AFABP; adipokines; adiponectin; depression; leptin; metabolic syndrome; resistin; schizophrenia; sex/gender differences