title: PON-1 and ferroxidase activities in older patients with mild cognitive impairment, late onset Alzheimer's disease or vascular dementia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A large body of evidence suggests that not only cerebral but also systemic oxidative stress (OxS) might be involved in the pathogenesis of late onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD) and vascular dementia (VAD), as well as of the prodromal phase of dementia, the so-called mild cognitive impairment (MCI). In the present study, we evaluated whether paraoxonase 1 (PON-1) and ferroxidase (FeOx) activities, because of their well acknowledged effectiveness as systemic antioxidants, might be associated with dementia and/or MCI.
  
  
  METHODS
  Serum arylesterase and paraoxonase of PON-1, along with FeOx I (ceruloplasmin-related) and II activities were assessed in 223 MCI, 162 LOAD, 65 VAD patients, and in 143 older normal cognitive controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among the enzymatic activities examined, only arylesterase significantly changed across the groups (ANOVA: p<0.001), with similar lower levels in MCI, LOAD, and VAD compared to controls. By multivariate logistic regression analysis we showed that, in respect to controls, low levels (under the median value) of serum arylesterase were independently associated with an increase in the likelihood of being affected by LOAD [odds ratio (OR) 2.8, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.5-5.0], VAD (OR 2.7, 95% CI 1.2-6.2), or MCI (OR 2.3, 95% CI 1.3-3.8).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Overall, our results suggest that depression of PON-1, and in particular, of arylesterase activity, in serum might be an early feature of dementia-related diseases. Further longitudinal exploration of the role of this enzyme in the onset and progression of these disorders are required.
authors.forename: Carlo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cervellati
authors.forename: Arianna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Romani
authors.forename: Carlo M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Bergamini
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bosi
authors.forename: Juana Maria
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Sanz
authors.forename: Angelina
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Passaro
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zuliani
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000097:blood / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics; D043303:Aryldialkylphosphatase / Q000097:blood* / Q000235:genetics; D002265:Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases / Q000097:blood; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002570:Ceruloplasmin / Q000378:metabolism*; D060825:Cognitive Dysfunction / Q000097:blood / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics; D015140:Dementia, Vascular / Q000097:blood / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010641:Phenotype
chemical_list: D002570:Ceruloplasmin; D002265:Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases; C019734:arylesterase; D043303:Aryldialkylphosphatase