title: Cloninger's psychobiological model of personality and psychological distress in fibromyalgia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Personality can play an important role in the clinical symptoms of fibromyalgia (FM). The aim of this study is to identify personality profiles in FM patients and the possible presence of personality disorder (PD) from the Temperament and Character Inventory-Revised (TCI-R), and to assess whether personality dimensions are related to psychological distress in FM.
  
  
  METHODS
  The sample consisted of 42 patients with FM and 38 healthy controls. The TCI-R, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Short-Form-36 Health Survey, Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire and McGill Pain Questionnaire were administered.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The personality profile of the FM group based on the TCI-R is defined by high Harm Avoidance (HA), low Novelty Seeking (NS), and low Self-Directedness (SD). Only one-third of patients with FM present a possible psychometric PD, principally from Cluster C. In the FM group, HA and SD are associated positively and negatively, respectively, with indicators of emotional distress. Patients with higher HA present higher perceived pain intensity rated via a verbal-numerical scale while Determination (SD2) reduced the perceived level of pain induced by the stimulus. NS is negatively related to the number of work absences caused by FM.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study suggests that HA and SD play an important role in psychological distress in FM. The fact that SD is prone to modification and has a regulatory effect on emotional impulses is a key aspect to consider from the psychotherapeutic point of view.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. alba.garcia.fontanals@uab.cat.
authors.forename: Alba
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Garcia-Fontanals
authors.affiliation: Rheumatology Department, Hospital CIMA Sanitas, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Susanna
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: García-Blanco
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychobiology and Methodology of Health Sciences, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Mariona
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Portell
authors.affiliation: MRI Research Unit, CRC Mar, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain.|CIBERSAM G21, Spain.
authors.forename: Jesús
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pujol
authors.affiliation: Rheumatology Department, Hospital CIMA Sanitas, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Violant
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Poca-Dias
authors.affiliation: Rheumatology Department, Hospital CIMA Sanitas, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Ferran
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: García-Fructuoso
authors.affiliation: MRI Research Unit, CRC Mar, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Marina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: López-Ruiz
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Teresa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Gutiérrez-Rosado
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Montserrat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gomà-I-Freixanet
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. joan.deus@uab.cat.|MRI Research Unit, CRC Mar, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain. joan.deus@uab.cat.
authors.forename: Joan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Deus
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D017281:Cost of Illness; D004644:Emotions; D005260:Female; D005356:Fibromyalgia / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology*; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D007175:Impulsive Behavior; D008297:Male; D008603:Mental Health; D008875:Middle Aged; D008960:Models, Psychological; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010551:Personality; D010552:Personality Assessment; D010554:Personality Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology*; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: TCI-R; fibromyalgia; personality disorder; psychological distress