title: The Comprehensive AOCMF Classification System: Radiological Issues and Systematic Approach.
abstract: The AOCMF Classification Group developed a hierarchical three-level craniomaxillofacial (CMF) classification system with increasing level of complexity and details. The basic level 1 system differentiates fracture location in the mandible (code 91), midface (code 92), skull base (code 93), and cranial vault (code 94); the levels 2 and 3 focus on defining fracture location and morphology within more detailed regions and subregions. Correct imaging acquisition, systematic analysis, and interpretation according to the anatomic and surgical relevant structures in the CMF regions are essential for an accurate, reproducible, and comprehensive diagnosis of CMF fractures using that system. Basic principles for radiographic diagnosis are based on conventional plain films, multidetector computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging. In this tutorial, the radiological issues according to each level of the classification are described.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Radiology Zofingen Hospital, Zofingen, Switzerland ; Hightech Research Center for CMF Surgery, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Carlos H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Buitrago-Téllez
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ludwig Maximilians Universität, München, Germany.
authors.forename: Carl-Peter
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Cornelius
authors.affiliation: Clinic for Oral and Craniomaxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Joachim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Prein
authors.affiliation: Clinic for Oral and Craniomaxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kunz
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria ; Center for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: di Ieva
authors.affiliation: AO Clinical Investigation and Documentation, AO Foundation, Dübendorf, Switzerland ; Research and Development Department, Schulthess Clinic, Zürich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Laurent
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Audigé
keywords: computer tomography (CT); craniomaxillofacial, fractures; diagnostic process; imaging