title: Anti-inflammatory activity of guluronate oligosaccharides obtained by oxidative degradation from alginate in lipopolysaccharide-activated murine macrophage RAW 264.7 cells.
abstract: Alginate has notably diverse pharmacological activities. The present study investigated the anti-inflammatory activity of the guluronate oligosaccharides prepared by oxidative degradation (GOS-OD) from alginate. GOS-OD significantly attenuated the production of nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and reactive oxygen species (ROS), the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, and the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated murine macrophage RAW 264.7 cells. Moreover, GOS-OD potently decreased the binding of LPS to the cell surface and LPS-induced Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and cluster of differentiation (CD) 14 expression. Additionally, GOS-OD could remarkably inhibit the LPS-induced activation of nuclear factor (NF)-κB and mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase pathways in RAW 264.7 cells. These results indicate that GOS-OD may reduce the LPS-stimulated inflammatory responses through blocking the activation of NF-κB and MAP kinases, suggesting that GOS-OD may be considered as a potential nutraceutical for inflammation.
authors.forename: Rui
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Xuyang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Nan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.forename: Zedong
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Xu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xu
mesh_terms: D000464:Alginates / Q000737:chemistry*; D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002460:Cell Line; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D020723:Glucuronic Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D006603:Hexuronic Acids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D009844:Oligosaccharides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors
chemical_list: D000464:Alginates; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D006603:Hexuronic Acids; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D016328:NF-kappa B; D009844:Oligosaccharides; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4; C007896:guluronic acid; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D020723:Glucuronic Acid; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases