title: Resurfacing damaged articular cartilage to restore compressive properties.
abstract: Surface damage to articular cartilage is recognized as the initial underlying process causing the loss of mechanical function in early-stage osteoarthritis. In this study, we developed structure-modifying treatments to potentially prevent, stabilize or reverse the loss in mechanical function. Various polymers (chondroitin sulfate, carboxymethylcellulose, sodium hyaluronate) and photoinitiators (riboflavin, irgacure 2959) were applied to the surface of collagenase-degraded cartilage and crosslinked in situ using UV light irradiation. While matrix permeability and deformation significantly increased following collagenase-induced degradation of the superficial zone, resurfacing using tyramine-substituted sodium hyaluronate and riboflavin decreased both values to a level comparable to that of intact cartilage. Repetitive loading of resurfaced cartilage showed minimal variation in the mechanical response over a 7 day period. Cartilage resurfaced using a low concentration of riboflavin had viable cells in all zones while a higher concentration resulted in a thin layer of cell death in the uppermost superficial zone. Our approach to repair surface damage initiates a new therapeutic advance in the treatment of injured articular cartilage with potential benefits that include enhanced mechanical properties, reduced susceptibility to enzymatic degradation and reduced adhesion of macrophages.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Soft Tissue Research, Tissue Engineering, Regeneration and Repair Program, The Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY 10021, USA. Electronic address: Stephanie.Grenier@cnrc-nrc.gc.ca.
authors.forename: Stephanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Grenier
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Soft Tissue Research, Tissue Engineering, Regeneration and Repair Program, The Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY 10021, USA.
authors.forename: Patrick E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Donnelly
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Soft Tissue Research, Tissue Engineering, Regeneration and Repair Program, The Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY 10021, USA.
authors.forename: Jamila
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gittens
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Soft Tissue Research, Tissue Engineering, Regeneration and Repair Program, The Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY 10021, USA.
authors.forename: Peter A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Torzilli
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002266:Carboxymethylcellulose Sodium / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002358:Cartilage, Articular / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000528:radiation effects; D002417:Cattle; D016923:Cell Death; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D019902:Chondrocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D002809:Chondroitin Sulfates / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017364:Collagenases; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010003:Osteoarthritis / Q000628:therapy*; D011407:Propane / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012256:Riboflavin / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014439:Tyramine / Q000737:chemistry; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays
chemical_list: C499598:2-hydroxy-1-(4-(hydroxyethoxy)phenyl)-2-methyl-1-propanone; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid; D002809:Chondroitin Sulfates; D017364:Collagenases; D002266:Carboxymethylcellulose Sodium; D011407:Propane; D012256:Riboflavin; D014439:Tyramine
keywords: Articular cartilage; Mechanical properties; Osteoarthritis; Photocrosslinking; Resurfacing