title: Sex differences and menstrual cycle phase-dependent modulation of craving for cigarette: an FMRI pilot study.
abstract: While overall more men than women smoke cigarettes, women and girls take less time to become dependent after initial use and have more difficulties quitting the habit. One of the factors contributing to these differences may be that women crave cigarettes more than men and that their desire to smoke is influenced by hormonal fluctuations across the menstrual cycle. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was twofold: (a) to examine potential sex/gender differences in functional neuroanatomy of craving and to (b) delineate neural correlates of cigarette cravings in women across their menstrual cycle. Fifteen tobacco-smoking men and 19 women underwent a functional MRI during presentation of neutral and smoking-related images, known to elicit craving. Women were tested twice: once during early follicular phase and once during midluteal phase of their menstrual cycle. The analysis did not reveal any significant sex differences in the cerebral activations associated with craving. Nevertheless, the pattern of activations in women varied across their menstrual cycle with significant activations in parts of the frontal, temporal, and parietal lobe, during follicular phase, and only limited activations in the right hippocampus during the luteal phase.
authors.affiliation: Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, 7331 rue Hochelaga, Montreal, QC, Canada H1N 3V2 ; Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, CP 6128, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC, Canada H3C 3J7 ; Department of Psychology, Bishop's University, 2600 rue College, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada J1M 1Z7.
authors.forename: Adrianna
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-8056-5228
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mendrek
authors.affiliation: Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, 7331 rue Hochelaga, Montreal, QC, Canada H1N 3V2 ; Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, CP 6128, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC, Canada H3C 3J7.
authors.forename: Laurence
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Dinh-Williams
authors.affiliation: Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, 7331 rue Hochelaga, Montreal, QC, Canada H1N 3V2 ; Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, CP 6128, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC, Canada H3C 3J7.
authors.forename: Josiane
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bourque
authors.affiliation: Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, 7331 rue Hochelaga, Montreal, QC, Canada H1N 3V2 ; Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, CP 6128, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC, Canada H3C 3J7.
authors.forename: Stéphane
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Potvin