title: Effect of endogenous bone marrow derived stem cells induced by AMD-3100 on expanded ischemic flap.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to devise an expanded ischemic flap model and to investigate the role of AMD-3100 (Plerixafor, chemokine receptor 4 inhibitor) in this model by confirming its effect on mobilization of stem cells from the bone marrow. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were used as an animal research model. The mobilization of stem cells from the bone marrow was confirmed in the AMD-3100-treated group. The fractions of endothelial progenitor cells (EPC) and the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) 2+ cells in the peripheral blood were increased in groups treated with AMD-3100. The expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was increased in response to expansion or AMD injection. The expression of stromal cell derived factor (SDF)-1 and VEGFR2 were increased only in unexpanded flap treated with AMD-3100. Treatment with AMD-3100 increased both the number and area of blood vessels. However, there were no statistically significant differences in the survival area or physiologic microcirculation in rats from the other groups. This endogenous neovascularization induced by AMD-3100 may be a result of the increase in both the area and number of vessels, as well as paracrine augmentation of the expression of VEGF and EPCs. However, the presence of a tissue expander under the flap could block the neovascularization between the flap and the recipient regardless of AMD-3100 treatment and expansion.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University Medical Center, Halllym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. ; Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Institute for Human Tissue Restoration, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Hii-Sun
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-9408-8207
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Jeong
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Eulji General Hospital, Eulji University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Hye-Kyung
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Institute for Human Tissue Restoration, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Kwan-Chul
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Tark
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Institute for Human Tissue Restoration, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Dae-Hyun
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Lew
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Yoon-Woo
authors.initials: YW
authors.lastname: Koh
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Chul-Hoon
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University Medical Center, Halllym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: In-Suck
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Seo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D001596:Benzylamines; D001854:Bone Marrow Cells / Q000166:cytology; D054377:Chemokine CXCL12 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D000080027:Cyclams; D066026:Endothelial Progenitor Cells / Q000166:cytology*; D006412:Hematopoietic Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology*; D006571:Heterocyclic Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D018919:Neovascularization, Physiologic; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D019718:Receptors, CXCR4 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D013524:Surgical Flaps / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000601:surgery; D015626:Tissue Expansion / Q000379:methods*; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000096:biosynthesis; D040301:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D001596:Benzylamines; C575935:CXCL12 protein, rat; D054377:Chemokine CXCL12; D000080027:Cyclams; D006571:Heterocyclic Compounds; C497444:Hif1a protein, rat; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit; D019718:Receptors, CXCR4; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; C467498:vascular endothelial growth factor A, rat; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III; C496316:Nos3 protein, rat; D040301:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2; C088327:plerixafor
keywords: AMD-3100; CXCR4 Inhibitor; Endothelial Progenitor Cell; Hematopoietic Stem Cell; Ischemic Flap; Plerixafor; Tissue Expansion