title: Increased frequency of aneuploidy in long-lived spermatozoa.
abstract: Aneuploidy commonly causes spontaneous abortions, stillbirths, and aneuploid births in humans. Notably, the majority of sex chromosome aneuploidies in live births have a paternal origin. An increased frequency of aneuploidy is also associated with male infertility. However, the dynamics and behavior of aneuploid spermatozoa during fertilization in humans have not been studied in detail. Therefore, we compared the frequency of aneuploidy and euploidy in live spermatozoa from normozoospermic men over a 3-day period. To assess the dynamics and behavior of aneuploid spermatozoa, we simultaneously evaluated sperm viability using the hypo-osmotic swelling test and sperm aneuploidy using fluorescence in situ hybridization. Whereas the frequency of viable euploid spermatozoa significantly decreased over 3 days, the frequency of viable spermatozoa with aneuploidy interestingly showed a time-dependent increase. In addition, spermatozoa with abnormal sex chromosomes survived longer. To compared with spermatozoa with other swelling patterns, those with tail-tip swelling patterns had a lower frequency of aneuploidy at all time points. This study revealed the novel finding that the frequency of aneuploid spermatozoa with fertilization capability significantly increased compared to that of euploid spermatozoa over 3 days, suggesting that aneuploid spermatozoa can survive longer than euploid spermatozoa and have a greater chance of fertilizing oocytes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Gyeonggi-Do 456-756, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Young-Ah
authors.initials: YA
authors.lastname: You
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Gyeonggi-Do 456-756, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Yoo-Jin
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Gyeonggi-Do 456-756, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Woo-Sung
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Gyeonggi-Do 456-756, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Sung-Jae
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Gyeonggi-Do 456-756, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Buom-Yong
authors.initials: BY
authors.lastname: Ryu
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 158-710, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Young Ju
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Gyeonggi-Do 456-756, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Myung-Geol
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Pang
mesh_terms: D000782:Aneuploidy; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D017404:In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence; D008297:Male; D055101:Semen Analysis; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D013997:Time Factors