title: Complete recovery of a wide local reaction by the use of dexrazoxane 72 hours after epirubicin extravasation: case report and review of the literature.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Accidental extravasation of anthracyclines might result in devastating side effects and complications, including necrosis of tissue, with impairment of neighboring structures - most of them requiring surgery. Following recent approach guidelines, intravenous administration of dexrazoxane within 6 h after the event is recommended.
  
  
  METHODS
  We report on a 63-year-old female patient with breast cancer treated with epirubicin combination therapy. She experienced extravasation on the distal right arm at the end of the very first cycle, being initially treated with dimethylsulfoxide 99% topically. Clinical symptoms became worse. Despite the interval between the event and referral, dexrazoxane was given once daily for 3 days. She recovered completely without any sequelae.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  To our knowledge, this is the first case report of a successful treatment and complete recovery by the use of dexrazoxane even 3 days after extensive epirubicin extravasation. Additionally, a review of the literature is given.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
authors.forename: Birgit
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Aigner
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bauernhofer
authors.forename: Edgar
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Petru
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Niederkorn
authors.forename: Edith Johanna
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Arzberger
authors.forename: Erika
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Richtig
mesh_terms: D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*; D003520:Cyclophosphamide / Q000008:administration & dosage; D064730:Dexrazoxane / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004121:Dimethyl Sulfoxide / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003875:Drug Eruptions / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D015251:Epirubicin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005119:Extravasation of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Materials / Q000150:complications*; D005260:Female; D005472:Fluorouracil / Q000008:administration & dosage; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D013997:Time Factors; D059005:Topoisomerase II Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D059005:Topoisomerase II Inhibitors; D064730:Dexrazoxane; D015251:Epirubicin; D003520:Cyclophosphamide; D005472:Fluorouracil; D004121:Dimethyl Sulfoxide