title: Electrophysiological evidence for the role of shared space in online comprehension of spatial demonstratives.
abstract: A fundamental property of language is that it can be used to refer to entities in the extra-linguistic physical context of a conversation in order to establish a joint focus of attention on a referent. Typological and psycholinguistic work across a wide range of languages has put forward at least two different theoretical views on demonstrative reference. Here we contrasted and tested these two accounts by investigating the electrophysiological brain activity underlying the construction of indexical meaning in comprehension. In two EEG experiments, participants watched pictures of a speaker who referred to one of two objects using speech and an index-finger pointing gesture. In contrast with separately collected native speakers' linguistic intuitions, N400 effects showed a preference for a proximal demonstrative when speaker and addressee were in a face-to-face orientation and all possible referents were located in the shared space between them, irrespective of the physical proximity of the referent to the speaker. These findings reject egocentric proximity-based accounts of demonstrative reference, support a sociocentric approach to deixis, suggest that interlocutors construe a shared space during conversation, and imply that the psychological proximity of a referent may be more important than its physical proximity.
authors.affiliation: Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, 6500 AH Nijmegen, The Netherlands; International Max Planck Research School for Language Sciences, 6500 AH Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Radboud University Nijmegen, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, 6500 HE Nijmegen, The Netherlands. Electronic address: david.peeters@mpi.nl.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Peeters
authors.affiliation: Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, 6500 AH Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Radboud University Nijmegen, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, 6500 HE Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hagoort
authors.affiliation: Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, 6500 AH Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Radboud University Nijmegen, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, 6500 HE Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Aslı
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Özyürek
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001288:Attention / Q000502:physiology*; D001921:Brain / Q000502:physiology*; D032882:Comprehension / Q000502:physiology*; D004569:Electroencephalography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007802:Language; D013060:Speech / Q000502:physiology; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Demonstratives; ERPs; Multimodal reference; Social space; Spatial deixis