title: Effects of selenium supplementation on selenium status of farmed  fallow deer in outdoor pens.
abstract: The study investigated the effects of selenium (Se) supplementation on Se status in farmed fallow deer. Fallow deer were housed on grass pasture and adapted to consume ∼200 g of pelleted grain daily. Animals were divided into two groups. One group received pelleted grain enriched with sodium selenate for 12 weeks (Se+ group, N = 10). Se intake for the first 7 weeks was 0.18 mg/kg dry matter (DM) and 0.32 mg/kg DM for the subsequent 5 weeks. The control group was fed pelleted grain without extra Se (Se− group, N = 9, 0.06-0.08 mg/kg DM). Blood samples were collected at the beginning and the end of the experiment. After the animals were slaughtered, tissue samples were collected for analysis of Se concentrations and Se-dependent glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPx1) activity. In addition, Se-independent α-glutathione-S-transferase (α-GST) activity was analyzed in liver tissue. Se supplementation significantly increased Se levels in plasma and in tissues as follows: liver > spleen > skeletal muscle > myocardium > kidney. Se supplementation also significantly increased GPx1 activity in tissues in the following order: liver > skeletal muscle > spleen = myocardium > kidneys. However, hepatic α-GST activity did not differ between Se+ and Se− groups. As expected, Se supplementation increased blood and tissue Se concentrations and GPx1 activity, which suggests a better antioxidant status. However, the activity of α-GST, an important Se-independent antioxidant enzyme, was not altered, presumably because GPx provided an adequate antioxidant capacity even though Se intake was low.
authors.forename: Sophie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Stoebe
authors.forename: Andreas S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Müller
authors.forename: Erika
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Most
authors.forename: Manfred
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Coenen
authors.forename: Ingrid
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Vervuert
mesh_terms: D000822:Animal Husbandry; D000818:Animals; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D003670:Deer / Q000097:blood*; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000097:blood; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000378:metabolism; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000378:metabolism; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D009928:Organ Specificity / Q000187:drug effects; D012643:Selenium / Q000097:blood* / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D007527:Isoenzymes; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D005982:Glutathione Transferase; C119995:glutathione S-transferase alpha; D012643:Selenium