title: The importance of microhabitat for biodiversity sampling.
abstract: Responses to microhabitat are often neglected when ecologists sample animal indicator groups. Microhabitats may be particularly influential in non-passive biodiversity sampling methods, such as baited traps or light traps, and for certain taxonomic groups which respond to fine scale environmental variation, such as insects. Here we test the effects of microhabitat on measures of species diversity, guild structure and biomass of dung beetles, a widely used ecological indicator taxon. We demonstrate that choice of trap placement influences dung beetle functional guild structure and species diversity. We found that locally measured environmental variables were unable to fully explain trap-based differences in species diversity metrics or microhabitat specialism of functional guilds. To compare the effects of habitat degradation on biodiversity across multiple sites, sampling protocols must be standardized and scale-relevant. Our work highlights the importance of considering microhabitat scale responses of indicator taxa and designing robust sampling protocols which account for variation in microhabitats during trap placement. We suggest that this can be achieved either through standardization of microhabitat or through better efforts to record relevant environmental variables that can be incorporated into analyses to account for microhabitat effects. This is especially important when rapidly assessing the consequences of human activity on biodiversity loss and associated ecosystem function and services.
authors.affiliation: Biodiversity Institute, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Hope Entomological Collections, Oxford University Museum of Natural History, Oxford, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Zia
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Mehrabi
authors.affiliation: Wildlife Conservation Research Unit, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Abingdon, United Kingdom; Spatial Foodweb Ecology Group, Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Eleanor M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Slade
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Artrópodos, Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad, Santo Domingo de Heredia, Costa Rica.
authors.forename: Angel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Solis
authors.affiliation: Hope Entomological Collections, Oxford University Museum of Natural History, Oxford, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Darren J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Mann
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D044822:Biodiversity; D018533:Biomass; D001517:Coleoptera / Q000502:physiology; D017753:Ecosystem; D013045:Species Specificity; D014329:Tropical Climate