title: Does the contraceptive pill influence peak nasal inspiratory flow values?
abstract: Early oral contraceptive pills (OCP) had higher estrogen levels and have been thought to cause nasal obstruction in about 40% of women users. A recent small study conducted on women taking OCP showed no significant effects on nasal patency. The aim of the present study was to analyse in a large number of volunteers if Peak Nasal Inspiratory Flow (PNIF) values could be influenced by modern OCP.
  
  
  
  PNIF was measured in 257 women (from 14 to 51 years old), divided into two groups: the study group composed of 109 healthy women taking modern OCP; the control group composed of 148 healthy women who did not take OCP. 9 women in the study group were excluded because of allergic disease, 248 females were finally considered. Data were statistically analysed and figures/tables were produced to see the effect of OCP on PNIF.
  
  
  
  The present study could not show any effect of OCP on nasal function. Moreover, while height influenced PNIF in both groups, age was not statistically significant.
  
  
  
  From the present study, it seems that OCP could have no effects on nasal airflow, confirming that modern OCP with lower estrogen doses should not affect nasal mucosa or nasal patency.
authors.forename: Giancarlo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ottaviano
authors.forename: Erich
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cosmi
authors.forename: Valentina
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Iacono
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Scarpa
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Staffieri
authors.forename: Glenis K
authors.initials: GK
authors.lastname: Scadding
mesh_terms: D003270:Contraceptive Agents / Q000737:chemistry*; D003278:Contraceptives, Oral, Hormonal / Q000737:chemistry*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D001239:Inhalation / Q000502:physiology*; D009296:Nasal Cavity / Q000502:physiology*; D015508:Nasal Obstruction / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012016:Reference Values
chemical_list: D003270:Contraceptive Agents; D003278:Contraceptives, Oral, Hormonal