title: A morphologic and semi-quantitative technique to analyze synthesis and release of specific proteins in cells.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  With the rapid advancement of cell biology, the evaluation of a given protein's synthesis and release in cells becomes critical. However, up to now there has been no technique available to morphologically visualize and measure a newly synthesized protein in cells, nor can we measure the protein's release from the cells.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In this study, we developed a set of assays combining pulse chase amino acid substitution, non-radioactive labeling, and immunofluorescence co-localization to visualize newly synthesized proteins in individual cells and then to detect their release using modified ELISA. We demonstrated the synthesis and release of Bcl-2, MMP-9, and immunoglobulin G (IgG) in a human trophoblast cell line, of which the last finding has not been reported previously.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This new technique offers a powerful tool to evaluate the dynamics of the synthesis and release of target proteins in individual cultured cells with wide applications in genetic and protein analysis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease and Immunopathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, 515041, China. huangguowei00@163.com.
authors.forename: Guowei
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease and Immunopathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, 515041, China. yun_w_99@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Yun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease and Immunopathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, 515041, China. wjp0128@aliyun.com.
authors.forename: Juping
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Surgical Neurology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of health, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, USA. Chunzhang.Yang@nih.gov.
authors.forename: Chunzhang
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease and Immunopathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, 515041, China. huangtao8828@163.com.
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Surgical Neurology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of health, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, USA. ZhuangP@ninds.nih.gov.
authors.forename: Zhengping
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhuang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease and Immunopathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, 515041, China. 2523381625@qq.com.
authors.forename: Jiang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gu
mesh_terms: D002460:Cell Line; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D006801:Humans; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D014176:Protein Biosynthesis; D011506:Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D014327:Trophoblasts / Q000166:cytology
chemical_list: D011506:Proteins