title: Reduced-gravity environment hardware demonstrations of a prototype miniaturized flow cytometer and companion microfluidic mixing technology.
abstract: Until recently, astronaut blood samples were collected in-flight, transported to earth on the Space Shuttle, and analyzed in terrestrial laboratories. If humans are to travel beyond low Earth orbit, a transition towards space-ready, point-of-care (POC) testing is required. Such testing needs to be comprehensive, easy to perform in a reduced-gravity environment, and unaffected by the stresses of launch and spaceflight. Countless POC devices have been developed to mimic laboratory scale counterparts, but most have narrow applications and few have demonstrable use in an in-flight, reduced-gravity environment. In fact, demonstrations of biomedical diagnostics in reduced gravity are limited altogether, making component choice and certain logistical challenges difficult to approach when seeking to test new technology. To help fill the void, we are presenting a modular method for the construction and operation of a prototype blood diagnostic device and its associated parabolic flight test rig that meet the standards for flight-testing onboard a parabolic flight, reduced-gravity aircraft. The method first focuses on rig assembly for in-flight, reduced-gravity testing of a flow cytometer and a companion microfluidic mixing chip. Components are adaptable to other designs and some custom components, such as a microvolume sample loader and the micromixer may be of particular interest. The method then shifts focus to flight preparation, by offering guidelines and suggestions to prepare for a successful flight test with regard to user training, development of a standard operating procedure (SOP), and other issues. Finally, in-flight experimental procedures specific to our demonstrations are described.
authors.affiliation: DNA Medicine Institute.
authors.forename: William S
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Phipps
authors.affiliation: DNA Medicine Institute.
authors.forename: Zhizhong
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.affiliation: DNA Medicine Institute.
authors.forename: Candice
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bae
authors.affiliation: DNA Medicine Institute.
authors.forename: Julia Z
authors.initials: JZ
authors.lastname: Sharpe
authors.affiliation: Harvard Medical School.
authors.forename: Andrew M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Bishara
authors.affiliation: NASA Glenn Research Center.
authors.forename: Emily S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Nelson
authors.affiliation: NASA Glenn Research Center.
authors.forename: Aaron S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Weaver
authors.affiliation: ZIN Technologies.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.affiliation: NASA Glenn Research Center.
authors.forename: Terri L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: McKay
authors.affiliation: NASA Glenn Research Center.
authors.forename: DeVon
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Griffin
authors.affiliation: DNA Medicine Institute; echan@dnamedinstitute.com.
authors.forename: Eugene Y
authors.initials: EY
authors.lastname: Chan
mesh_terms: D000337:Aerospace Medicine / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D001774:Blood Chemical Analysis / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D005434:Flow Cytometry / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D018472:Hypogravity; D044085:Microfluidics / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D019095:Point-of-Care Systems; D013026:Space Flight; D018474:Weightlessness Simulation / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods