title: Prevalence and determinants of insomnia symptoms among schoolteachers.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Insomnia is the most common sleep disorder. In Portugal, teachers have a specific socioeconomic situation, caused by the distance between home and workplace, unstable job situation and students' behavioral problems. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of insomnia in a sample of Portuguese schoolteachers.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a cross-sectional study 604 teachers were assessed of seventeen public schools, from the districts of Aveiro and Viseu, Portugal. Data was collected through a self-administered questionnaire. Insomnia had been defined according to the fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) as the presence of one or more of the following symptoms: a) difficulty initiating sleep; b) difficulty maintaining sleep; c) early morning awakening and difficulty getting back to sleep; d) non-restorative sleep, that lasts for a period of 1 month.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Prevalence of insomnia symptoms in the sample was 40.6%. Prevalence of the variables difficulty initiating sleep, difficulty maintaining sleep, early morning awakening and difficulty getting back to sleep and non-restorative sleep were 14.3%, 28.7%, 19.7% and 20.7%, respectively. Insomnia symptoms had been associated with marital status (divorced; OR=1.65; 95%CI, 0.78-3.48), years of teaching experience (10 to 20 years; OR=0.46; 95%CI, 0.28-0.75) and job satisfaction (OR=0.74; 95%CI, 0.53-1.0).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Portuguese schoolteachers show a high prevalence of insomnia. Insomnia was associated with sociodemographic and occupational variables.
authors.affiliation: Escola Superior de Saúde de Viseu, CI&DETS, Instituto Politécnico de Viseu. Electronic address: carlospereiraviseu@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.affiliation: Agrupamento de Escolas de Santa Cruz da Trapa, Santa Cruz da Trapa, Portugal.
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Almeida
authors.affiliation: Escola Superior de Saúde de Viseu, CI&DETS, Instituto Politécnico de Viseu; Departamento de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Lisboa, Portugal.
authors.forename: Nélio
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Veiga
authors.affiliation: Escola Superior de Saúde de Viseu, CI&DETS, Instituto Politécnico de Viseu.
authors.forename: Odete
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Amaral
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D039721:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011174:Portugal; D015995:Prevalence; D000070777:School Teachers; D007319:Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology*
keywords: DSM-IV; Insomnia; Prevalence; Sociodemographic aspects; Teachers