title: Synthesis and characterization of copolyanhydrides of carbohydrate-based galactaric acid and adipic acid.
abstract: A series of copolyanhydrides, consisting of 2,3,4,5-tetra-O-acetylgalactaric acid (AGA) and adipic acid (AA) as monomer units, was polymerized. Synthesis of AGA monomer consisted of two steps. First, O-acetylation of galactaric acid secondary hydroxyl groups was performed using acetic anhydride as a reagent. Acetic anhydride was then further used as a reagent in the synthesis of diacetyl mixed anhydride of AGA. Polymerizations were conducted as bulk condensation polymerization at 150 °C. Thermal properties of the copolymers varied depending on monomer composition. Increase in the AGA content had a clear increasing effect on the Tg. A similar increasing effect was observed in Tm. The degree of crystallinity decreased as AGA content increased. There was a slightly lowering tendency in the molecular weights of the obtained polymers when the AGA content in the polymerization mixtures increased. The described synthesis route shows that bio-based aldaric acid monomers are potential candidates for the adjustment of thermal properties of polyanhydrides.
authors.affiliation: VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Patruunantie 19, FI-05200 Rajamäki, Finland. Electronic address: tuomas.mehtio@vtt.fi.
authors.forename: Tuomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mehtiö
authors.affiliation: VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Patruunantie 19, FI-05200 Rajamäki, Finland.
authors.forename: Leena
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Nurmi
authors.affiliation: VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Patruunantie 19, FI-05200 Rajamäki, Finland.
authors.forename: Virpi
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Rämö
authors.affiliation: VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Patruunantie 19, FI-05200 Rajamäki, Finland.
authors.forename: Hannu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mikkonen
authors.affiliation: VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Biologinkuja 7, PO Box 1000, FI-02044, VTT, Espoo, Finland.
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Harlin
mesh_terms: D000107:Acetylation; D000272:Adipates / Q000737:chemistry*; D000812:Anhydrides / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry*; D060326:Chemistry Techniques, Synthetic; D058105:Polymerization; D013400:Sugar Acids / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000272:Adipates; D000812:Anhydrides; D013400:Sugar Acids; C029900:adipic acid; C000090:galactaric acid
keywords: Biodegradable; Biopolymers; Polyanhydrides; Polycondensation; Renewable resources; Synthesis