title: Microwave blanching and drying characteristics of Centella asiatica (L.) urban leaves using tray and heat pump-assisted dehumidified drying.
abstract: The appropriate stage of maturity of Centella asiatica (L.) Urban leaves was investigated. Mature leaves with large diameter contained high total phenolics and % inhibition. Microwave blanching for 30 s retained the highest total phenolics and the microwave blanching for 30 s and 45 s retained the highest % inhibition. Modified Henderson and Modified Chung-Pfost models showed the best fit to both fresh and blanched leaves for equilibrium moisture content, Xe = f(RHe, T) and equilibrium relative humidity, RHe = f(Xe, T), respectively. The Modified Page model was the most effective model in describing the leaf drying. All drying was in the falling rate period. The drying constant was related to drying air temperature using the Arrhenius model. Effective moisture diffusivities increased with increasing temperature and blanching treatments as well as dehumidification by heat pump-assisted dehumidified dryer. The heat pump-assited dehumidified drying incorporated by the microwave blanching could reduce the drying time at 40 °C by 31.2 % and increase % inhibition by 6.1 %. Quality evaluation by total phenolics, % inhibition and rehydration ratio showed the best quality for C. asiatica leaves pretreated by microwave blanching and dried at 40 °C in heat pump-assisted dehumidified dryer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Technology, Khon Kean University, 123 Mittapab Road, Khon Kaen, 40002 Thailand.
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Trirattanapikul
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Technology, Khon Kean University, 123 Mittapab Road, Khon Kaen, 40002 Thailand.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Phoungchandang
keywords: Centella asiatica; Desorption isotherms; Heat pump-assisted dehumidified drying; Microwave blanching; Tray drying