title: The effect of the addition of hip strengthening exercises to a lumbopelvic exercise programme for the treatment of non-specific low back pain: A randomized controlled trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the efficacy of two exercise programmes in reducing pain and disability for individuals with non-specific low back pain and to examine the underlying mechanical factors related to pain and disability for individuals with NSLBP.
  
  
  METHODS
  A single-blind, randomized controlled trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty participants were recruited from eleven community-based general medical practices and randomized into two groups completing either a lumbopelvic motor control or a combined lumbopelvic motor control and progressive hip strengthening exercise therapy programme. All participants received an education session, 6 rehabilitation sessions including real time ultrasound training, and a home based exercise programme manual and log book. The primary outcomes were pain (0-100 mm visual analogue scale), and disability (Oswestry Disability Index V2). The secondary outcomes were hip strength (N/kg) and two-dimensional frontal plane biomechanics (°) measure during the static Trendelenburg test and while walking. All outcomes were measured at baseline and at 6-week follow up.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no statistical difference in the change in pain (x¯ = -4.0 mm, t = -1.07, p = 0.29, 95%CI -11.5, 3.5) or disability (x¯ = -0.3%, t = -0.19, p = 0.85, 95%CI -3.5, 2.8) between groups. Within group comparisons revealed clinically meaningful reductions in pain for both Group One (x¯ = -20.9 mm, 95%CI -25.7, -16.1) and Group Two (x¯ = -24.9, 95%CI -30.8, -19.0).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both exercise programmes had similar efficacy in reducing pain. The addition of hip strengthening exercises to a motor control exercise programme does not appear to result in improved clinical outcome for pain for individuals with non-specific low back pain.
authors.affiliation: Running Injury Clinic, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Canada; School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Australia. Electronic address: karen.kendall@qut.edu.au.
authors.forename: Karen D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Kendall
authors.affiliation: Sport Medicine Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Canada; Departments of Community Health Sciences and Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Canada.
authors.forename: Carolyn A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Emery
authors.affiliation: Sport Medicine Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Canada.
authors.forename: J Preston
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Wiley
authors.affiliation: Running Injury Clinic, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Canada; Faculty of Nursing, University of Calgary, Canada.
authors.forename: Reed
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ferber
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D005080:Exercise Test; D005081:Exercise Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006615:Hip; D006801:Humans; D017116:Low Back Pain / Q000534:rehabilitation / Q000628:therapy*; D008161:Lumbosacral Region; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D053580:Muscle Strength; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010353:Patient Education as Topic; D010388:Pelvis; D055070:Resistance Training / Q000379:methods*; D016037:Single-Blind Method
keywords: Chronic disease; Exercise therapy; Kinematics; Rehabilitation