title: Effects of combined anisodamine and neostigmine treatment on the inflammatory response and liver regeneration of obstructive jaundice rats after hepatectomy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cholestasis is associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality in patients undergoing major liver resection. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of a combined anisodamine and neostigmine (Ani+Neo) treatment on the inflammatory response and liver regeneration in rats with obstructive jaundice (OJ) after partial hepatectomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  OJ was induced in the rats by bile duct ligation. After 7 days biliary drainage and partial hepatectomy were performed. These rats were assigned to a saline group or an Ani+Neo treatment group. The expressions of inflammatory mediators, liver regeneration, and liver damage were assessed at 48 h after hepatectomy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mRNA levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, MCP-1, and MIP-1α, in the remnant livers, and the serum levels of TNF-α and IL-1β were substantially reduced in the Ani+Neo group compared with saline group (P<0.05). The Ani+Neo treatment obviously promoted liver regeneration as indicated by the liver weights and Ki-67 labeling index (P<0.05). The serum albumin and γ-GT levels and liver neutrophil infiltration also significantly improved in the Ani+Neo group (P<0.05) compared with the saline group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results demonstrate that the combined anisodamine and neostigmine treatment is able to improve the liver regeneration in rats with OJ by substantially alleviating the inflammatory response.
authors.affiliation: Department & Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Medical College, Beijing 100853, China.
authors.forename: Chong-Hui
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department & Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Medical College, Beijing 100853, China.
authors.forename: Xuan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department & Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Medical College, Beijing 100853, China.
authors.forename: Xin-Lan
authors.initials: XL
authors.lastname: Ge
authors.affiliation: Department & Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Medical College, Beijing 100853, China.
authors.forename: Xin
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-2859-9871
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Department & Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Medical College, Beijing 100853, China.
authors.forename: Ai-Qun
authors.initials: AQ
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department & Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Medical College, Beijing 100853, China.
authors.forename: Wan-Qing
authors.initials: WQ
authors.lastname: Gu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004338:Drug Combinations; D006498:Hepatectomy / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D041781:Jaundice, Obstructive / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D008115:Liver Regeneration / Q000187:drug effects*; D009388:Neostigmine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D051381:Rats; D012991:Solanaceous Alkaloids / Q000008:administration & dosage; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D004338:Drug Combinations; D015850:Interleukin-6; D012991:Solanaceous Alkaloids; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C003922:anisodamine; D009388:Neostigmine