title: Molecular characterization of Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis on retail raw poultry in six provinces and two National cities in China.
abstract: One hundred and twenty six Salmonella Enteritidis isolates recovered from 1152 retail raw poultries were characterized by antimicrobial susceptibility test, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), presence of quinolone resistance (Qnr) associated genes, Class I integron, extended spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) encoding genes, and mutations in quinolone resistance-determining region (QRDR) of GyrA and ParC. Resistance was most frequently found to nalidixic acid (88.1%), followed by to tetracycline (65.9%), sulfisoxazole (65.1%), and ampicillin (61.9%), and a less extent to cefoxitin (8.7%), gatifloxacin (8.7%), levofloxacin (7.9%), ceftriaxone (7.1%), and ceftiofur (6.3%). One hundred and twenty three (98.4%) isolates were resistant to at least one antibiotic, and 93 (74.4%) to at least four antibiotics. aac(6')-Ib-cr, qnrB, qnrA and qnrS genes were detected in 15 (11.9%), 11 (8.7%), 6 (4.8%) and 1 (0.8%) isolates, respectively. Amino acid substitutions of Ser83Tyr, Asp87Asn, Asp87Tyr, Asp87Gly and Ser83Phe/Asp87Asn were detected in QRDR of GyrA, Arg80Ser was the unique mutation in ParC. Eight isolates were detected with amino acid substitution both in GyrA and ParC. Three isolates carried Class I integron that harboring dfrA17-aadA5, dhfR1-aadA1, and dfrA1, respectively. Five isolates were detected carrying bla(TEM)-bla(ACC) (n = 1), bla(TEM) (n = 1), bla(TEM)-bla(OxA) (n = 3), respectively. Genetic diversities (D = 0.9255) were found among isolates based on PFGE analysis.
authors.affiliation: College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China.
authors.forename: Yin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China. Electronic address: ybwsheng@163.com.
authors.forename: Baowei
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, 830052, China.
authors.forename: Yun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China.
authors.forename: Zengfeng
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China.
authors.forename: Xiaofeng
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Meng
authors.affiliation: College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China.
authors.forename: Meili
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Xi
authors.affiliation: College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China.
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China.
authors.forename: Xiaodong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
authors.forename: Xianming
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
authors.forename: Dapeng
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China.
authors.forename: Jianghong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Meng
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D002645:Chickens; D002681:China; D024901:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis / Q000191:economics; D008460:Meat / Q000191:economics / Q000382:microbiology*; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D012477:Salmonella enteritidis / Q000145:classification / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D001426:Bacterial Proteins
keywords: PFGE; Poultry; QRDR; Qnr; Salmonella