title: Association of host, agent and environment characteristics and the duration of incubation and symptomatic periods of norovirus gastroenteritis.
abstract: We analysed the reported duration of incubation and symptomatic periods of norovirus for a dataset of 1022 outbreaks, 64 of which reported data on the average incubation period and 87 on the average symptomatic period. We found the mean and median incubation periods for norovirus to be 32·8 [95% confidence interval (CI) 30·9-34·6] hours and 33·5 (95% CI 32·0-34·0) hours, respectively. For the symptomatic period we found the mean and median to be 44·2 (95% CI 38·9-50·7) hours and 43·0 (95% CI 36·0-48·0) hours, respectively. We further investigated how these average periods were associated with several reported host, agent and environmental characteristics. We did not find any strong, biologically meaningful associations between the duration of incubation or symptomatic periods and the reported host, pathogen and environmental characteristics. Overall, we found that the distributions of incubation and symptomatic periods for norovirus infections are fairly constant and showed little differences with regard to the host, pathogen and environmental characteristics we analysed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics,College of Public Health, University of Georgia,Athens,GA,USA.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Devasia
authors.affiliation: Division of Viral Diseases,Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,Atlanta,GA,USA.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lopman
authors.affiliation: Hubert Department of Global Health,Emory University,Atlanta,GA,USA.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Leon
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics,College of Public Health, University of Georgia,Athens,GA,USA.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Handel
mesh_terms: D017250:Caliciviridae Infections / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000635:transmission / Q000821:virology; D018562:Disease Transmission, Infectious; D004777:Environment; D005522:Food Services; D005517:Foodborne Diseases; D005759:Gastroenteritis / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000821:virology; D006268:Health Facilities; D006801:Humans; D055256:Infectious Disease Incubation Period; D016014:Linear Models; D029322:Norovirus / Q000235:genetics; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis*; D012621:Seasons; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D012367:RNA, Viral
keywords: Norwalk agent and related viruses