title: Patulin and its dietary intake by fruit juice consumption in Iran.
abstract: A survey was conducted to determine levels and dietary intake of patulin (PAT) from fruit juices consumed in Iran. PAT content was determined using high performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection in 161 samples of fruit juices including apple, pineapple, pear, peach, pomegranate and white and red grape juices. Results revealed the presence of PAT in 16.1% of the samples examined, ranging from 5 to 190.7 µg/kg. Average and median PAT content in positive samples was 34.5 and 18.5 µg/kg, respectively. PAT concentration in 2.5% of the samples was higher than the maximum limit as set by European regulations for PAT in fruit products (50 µg/kg). Estimated daily intake of PAT by fruit juice was 16.4, 45.9 and 74.6 ng/kg bw/day for Iranian adults, children and babies, respectively. The results of this study showed that PAT does not seem to be a problem in fruit-based drinks commercialised in Iran, except for apple juice.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrekord Branch , Islamic Azad University , Shahrekord , Iran.
authors.forename: Ebrahim
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rahimi
authors.forename: Masoome
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rezapoor Jeiran
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001628:Beverages / Q000032:analysis* / Q000191:economics / Q000592:standards; D002274:Carcinogens, Environmental / Q000032:analysis* / Q000633:toxicity; D002648:Child; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D004032:Diet / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000208:ethnology; D005062:European Union; D005506:Food Contamination; D005513:Food Inspection; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry*; D017408:Guidelines as Topic; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007492:Iran; D010365:Patulin / Q000032:analysis* / Q000633:toxicity; D013056:Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet
chemical_list: D002274:Carcinogens, Environmental; D010365:Patulin
keywords: apple juice; fruit juice; mycotoxin; patulin