title: In vivo SPECT imaging of tumors by 198,199Au-labeled graphene oxide nanostructures.
abstract: Graphene oxide (GO) sheets functionalized by aminopropylsilyl groups (8.0 wt.%) were labeled by (198,199)Au nanoparticle radioisotopes (obtained through reduction of HAuCl4 in sodium citrate solution followed by thermal neutron irradiation) for fast in vivo targeting and SPECT imaging (high purity germanium-spectrometry) of tumors. Using instant thin layer chromatography method, the physicochemical properties of the amino-functionalized GO sheets labeled by (198,199)Au NPs ((198,199)Au@AF-GO) were found to be highly stable enough in organic phases, e.g. a human serum, to be reliably used in bioapplications. In vivo biodistribution of the (198,199)Au@AF-GO composite was investigated in rats bearing fibrosarcoma tumor after various post-injection periods of time. The (198,199)Au@AF-GO nanostructure exhibited a rapid as well as high tumor uptake (with uptake ratio of tumor to muscle of 167 after 4h intravenous injection) that resulted in an efficient tumor targeting/imaging. Meantime, the low lipophilicity of the (198,199)Au@AF-GO caused to its fast excretion (~24 h) throughout the body by the kidneys (as also confirmed by the urinary tract). Because of the short half-life of (198,199)Au radioisotopes, the (198,199)Au@AF-GO with an excellent tumor targeting/imaging and fast washing out from the body can be suggested as one of the most effective and promising nanomaterials in nanotechnology-based cancer diagnosis and therapy.
authors.affiliation: Nuclear Medicine Research Group, Agricultural, Medical and Industrial Research School, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute (NSTRI), P.O. Box 31485-498, Karaj, Iran.
authors.forename: Yousef
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fazaeli
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, Sharif University of Technology (SUT), P.O. Box 11155-9161, Tehran, Iran; Institute for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Sharif University of Technology (SUT), P.O. Box 14588-89694, Tehran, Iran. Electronic address: oakhavan@sharif.edu.
authors.forename: Omid
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Akhavan
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, Sharif University of Technology (SUT), P.O. Box 11155-9161, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Reza
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rahighi
authors.affiliation: Nuclear Medicine Research Group, Agricultural, Medical and Industrial Research School, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute (NSTRI), P.O. Box 31485-498, Karaj, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad Reza
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Aboudzadeh
authors.affiliation: Nuclear Medicine Research Group, Agricultural, Medical and Industrial Research School, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute (NSTRI), P.O. Box 31485-498, Karaj, Iran.
authors.forename: Elham
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Karimi
authors.affiliation: Nuclear Medicine Research Group, Agricultural, Medical and Industrial Research School, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute (NSTRI), P.O. Box 31485-498, Karaj, Iran.
authors.forename: Hossein
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Afarideh
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D006050:Gold Radioisotopes / Q000737:chemistry; D006108:Graphite / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D018625:Microscopy, Atomic Force; D049329:Nanostructures / Q000737:chemistry*; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D010087:Oxides / Q000737:chemistry; D011859:Radiography; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D014018:Tissue Distribution; D015899:Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon; D014183:Transplantation, Heterologous
chemical_list: D006050:Gold Radioisotopes; D010087:Oxides; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D006108:Graphite
keywords: Biodistribution; Cancer; Gold nanoparticles; Graphene; Radioisotopes; Tumor imaging