title: Primary new-onset hydroceles presenting in late childhood and pre-adolescent patients resemble the adult type hydrocele pathology.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of a patent processus vaginalis (PPV) in children of late childhood and pre-adolescence presenting with new onset hydrocele.
  
  
  METHODS
  All males with hydrocele presenting at our department from January 2011 to January 2013 were followed. Patients with secondary hydroceles were excluded. Demographic data, medical history, clinical symptoms and signs relative to their pathology and U/S findings were recorded. According to their indications, patients were either operated or followed up. Patients surgically treated, consisted our study group.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sixty patients were identified. Thirteen were followed until resolution of their hydrocele. Forty-seven patients were surgically treated. Twenty-seven had right sided hydrocele (57.44%), 13 had left sided hydrocele (27.66%) whereas in 7 patients the hydroceles were bilateral (14.9%). All patients were operated by an inguinal approach. In all 9 patients (19.14%) presenting with new-onset hydrocele at the age >10 years (range: 10-15 years), intraoperative exploration did not reveal a PPV. All patients were followed at least for 6 months post-operatively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Early evidence shows that primary new onset hydroceles presenting in late childhood and pre-adolescence seem to be non-communicating and resemble the adult type hydrocele pathology.
authors.affiliation: 1st Department of Pediatric Surgery, "G. Gennimatas" University Hospital, "Aristotle" University of Thessaloniki, Ethnikis Aminis 41, 54635, Thessaloniki, Greece. Electronic address: ikouts@auth.gr.
authors.forename: Georgios
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Koutsoumis
authors.affiliation: 1st Department of Pediatric Surgery, "G. Gennimatas" University Hospital, "Aristotle" University of Thessaloniki, Ethnikis Aminis 41, 54635, Thessaloniki, Greece. Electronic address: patouliasjohn@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Ioannis
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Patoulias
authors.affiliation: 1st Department of Pediatric Surgery, "G. Gennimatas" University Hospital, "Aristotle" University of Thessaloniki, Ethnikis Aminis 41, 54635, Thessaloniki, Greece. Electronic address: xkaselas@otenet.gr.
authors.forename: Christos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kaselas
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D017668:Age of Onset; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D006115:Greece; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D012008:Recurrence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D006848:Testicular Hydrocele / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000601:surgery; D013737:Testis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D014463:Ultrasonography; D013521:Urologic Surgical Procedures, Male / Q000379:methods*
keywords: Communicating hydrocele; Scrotal hydrocelectomy; Tunica vaginalis plication