title: In vitro antifungal susceptibility of Trichophyton violaceum isolated from tinea capitis patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Trichophyton violaceum is an anthropophilic dermatophyte that is endemic to parts of Africa and Asia and is sporadic in Europe. T. violaceum mainly causes tinea capitis in both children and adolescents. Although the infections caused by T. violaceum are of considerable medical importance, its antifungal susceptibility profile remains poorly examined.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this study, we tested the in vitro antifungal susceptibility of a set of clinical T. violaceum isolates obtained from tinea capitis patients, using the CLSI broth microdilution method. We tested eight antifungals and used isolates collected from Western China (21), Eastern China (12), the Middle East (1), Europe (20), South Africa (7) and Canada (1).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The geometric means of the MICs of the antifungals for all isolates were as follows (in increasing order): posaconazole, 0.021 mg/L; terbinafine, 0.023 mg/L; voriconazole, 0.062 mg/L; amphotericin B, 0.20 mg/L; itraconazole, 0.34 mg/L; caspofungin, 0.56 mg/L; fluconazole, 4.23 mg/L; and flucytosine, 8.46 mg/L. No statistically significant differences in the susceptibility profiles of T. violaceum were detected within the geographical regions tested.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Posaconazole, terbinafine and voriconazole were shown to be the most potent antifungal agents against T. violaceum isolates obtained from tinea capitis patients worldwide. These results might help clinicians in developing appropriate therapies that have a high probability of successfully treating tinea capitis due to T. violaceum.
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Institute of Medical Mycology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China First Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.affiliation: CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands Peking University Health Science Center, Research Center for Medical Mycology, Beijing, China Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: G S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: de Hoog
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: P E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Verweij
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zoll
authors.affiliation: Division of Mycology, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Çukurova, Adana, Turkey.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ilkit
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Mycology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Ardabil Branch, Ardabil, Iran.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Morsali
authors.affiliation: First Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Abliz
authors.affiliation: First Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China.
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zhan
authors.affiliation: CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: First Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hasimu
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Institute of Medical Mycology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Liao
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Institute of Medical Mycology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands Department of Medical Mycology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Ardabil Branch, Ardabil, Iran Invasive Fungi Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands s.seyedmousavi@gmail.com.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Seyedmousavi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D014943:Global Health; D006801:Humans; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D014006:Tinea Capitis / Q000382:microbiology*; D014249:Trichophyton / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000302:isolation & purification*
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents
keywords: T. violaceum; antifungal susceptibility testing; fungus