title: How and why to study autophagy in Drosophila: it's more than just a garbage chute.
abstract: During the catabolic process of autophagy, cytoplasmic material is transported to the lysosome for degradation and recycling. This way, autophagy contributes to the homeodynamic turnover of proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, glycogen, and even whole organelles. Autophagic activity is increased by adverse conditions such as nutrient limitation, growth factor withdrawal and oxidative stress, and it generally protects cells and organisms to promote their survival. Misregulation of autophagy is likely involved in numerous human pathologies including aging, cancer, infections and neurodegeneration, so its biomedical relevance explains the still growing interest in this field. Here we discuss the different microscopy-based, biochemical and genetic methods currently available to study autophagy in various tissues of the popular model Drosophila. We show examples for results obtained in different assays, explain how to interpret these with regard to autophagic activity, and how to find out which step of autophagy a given gene product is involved in.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Cell and Developmental Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány s. 1/C. 6.520, Budapest H-1117, Hungary.
authors.forename: Péter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Nagy
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Cell and Developmental Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány s. 1/C. 6.520, Budapest H-1117, Hungary.
authors.forename: Ágnes
authors.initials: Á
authors.lastname: Varga
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Cell and Developmental Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány s. 1/C. 6.520, Budapest H-1117, Hungary.
authors.forename: Attila L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Kovács
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Cell and Developmental Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány s. 1/C. 6.520, Budapest H-1117, Hungary.
authors.forename: Szabolcs
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Takáts
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Cell and Developmental Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány s. 1/C. 6.520, Budapest H-1117, Hungary. Electronic address: szmrt@elte.hu.
authors.forename: Gábor
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Juhász
mesh_terms: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing / Q000235:genetics*; D000818:Animals; D001343:Autophagy / Q000235:genetics*; D001681:Biological Assay / Q000379:methods*; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004331:Drosophila melanogaster; D006801:Humans; D008247:Lysosomes / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D059748:Proteolysis
chemical_list: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing
keywords: Atg8; Autophagosome; Autophagy; Drosophila; Flux; p62/Ref(2)P