title: Plasmablastic lymphoma of the anal canal in an HIV-infected patient.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The advent of antiretroviral therapy increased the life expectancy of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive patients and, consequently, the morbidity and mortality due to neoplasms. Plasmablastic lymphoma is one such neoplasm that generally presents with involvement of the oral cavity; cases of extra-oral involvement are rare.
  
  
  METHODS
  We report a case of plasmablastic lymphoma in a 46-year-old woman for whom the initial clinical manifestation was a painless perineal tumor accompanied by fecal incontinence.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The possibility of this neoplasm should be considered in patients with HIV/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) because its early diagnosis is essential so that the start of the treatment is not delayed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Lucia Antunes
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Chagas
authors.affiliation: Postgraduate Programe in Medical Sciences, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Gustavo Bittencourt
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Camilo
authors.affiliation: Postgraduate Programe in Medical Sciences, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Dequitier Carvalho
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Machado
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Medicine, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Débora Ribeiro
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Vidal
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Celso Estevão
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: de Oliveira
authors.affiliation: Therezinha de Jesus Hospital and Maternity, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil.
authors.forename: Gabriela Cumani
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Toledo
authors.affiliation: University Hospital Dr. Miguel Riet Corrêa Jr., Federal University of Rio Grande, Rio Grande, Brazil.
authors.forename: Gabriel Peixoto Castro
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Oria
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomic Pathology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Monique de França
authors.initials: Mde F
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Romulo Varella de
authors.initials: RV
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.affiliation: Postgraduate Programe in Medical Sciences, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Agnaldo José
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Lopes
mesh_terms: D001005:Anus Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D001706:Biopsy; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D006678:HIV; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications*; D006801:Humans; D016483:Lymphoma, AIDS-Related / Q000175:diagnosis; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008875:Middle Aged; D054219:Neoplasms, Plasma Cell / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*