title: Optimization of xanthatin extraction from Xanthium spinosum L. and its cytotoxic, anti-angiogenesis and antiviral properties.
abstract: The aqueous extraction of the sesquiterpene lactone xanthatin from Xanthium spinosum L. favours the conversion of xanthinin (1) to xanthatin (2) via the loss of acetic acid. The cytotoxic (Hep-G2 and L1210 human cell lines) and antiviral activities of isolated xanthatin are established. This natural compound shows significant cytotoxicity against the Hep-G2 cell line and our experimental results reveal its strong anti-angiogenesis capacity in vitro. The structure of xanthatin is determined by spectroscopic methods and for the first time confirmed by X-ray diffraction.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry (associated to CSIC), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Romero
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zanuy
authors.affiliation: Oryzon, Parc Cientific de Barcelona, Baldiri Reixac, 12, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rosell
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cascante
authors.affiliation: Oryzon, Parc Cientific de Barcelona, Baldiri Reixac, 12, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Piulats
authors.affiliation: Cristal.lografia, Mineralogia i Dipòsits Minerals, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Font-Bardia
authors.affiliation: Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuve, Minderbroedersstraat 10, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Balzarini
authors.affiliation: Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuve, Minderbroedersstraat 10, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: De Clerq
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry (associated to CSIC), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain. Electronic address: mdpujol@ub.edu.
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Pujol
mesh_terms: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004354:Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor; D005663:Furans / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D056945:Hep G2 Cells; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D008968:Molecular Conformation; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000188:drug therapy*; D051381:Rats; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D014780:Viruses / Q000187:drug effects*; D031210:Xanthium / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D000998:Antiviral Agents; D005663:Furans; C022186:xanthatin
keywords: Anti-angiogenesis; Antitumor activity; Antiviral activity; Sesquiterpene lactones; Xanthatin; Xanthium spinosum L