title: Heart ABCA1 and PPAR- α Genes Expression Responses in Male rats: Effects of High Intensity Treadmill Running Training and Aqueous Extraction of Black Crataegus-Pentaegyna.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Heart as a high metabolic and aerobic tissue is consuming lipid as a fuel for its energy provision at rest during light and moderate exercise, except when lactate level is higher in blood circulation. It has been shown that any type of regular exercise and crataegus species would improve cardiovascular function and minimizes several risk factors via stimulating lipid metabolism by acting on enzymes and genes expression such as ABCA1 and PPAR α which are involving in this process.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty Wistar male rats (4-6 weeks old, 140-173 g weight) were used. Animals were randomly classified into training (n = 10) and control (n = 10) groups and then divided into saline-control (SC), saline-training (ST), Crataegus-Pentaegyna -control (CPC), and Crataegus-Pentaegyna -training (CPT) groups. Training groups have performed a high-intensity running program (at 34 m/min (0% grade), 60 min/day, 5 days/week) on a motor-driven treadmill for eight weeks. Animals were orally fed with Crataegus-Pentaegyna extraction (500mg/kg) and saline solution for six weeks. Seventy- two hours after the last training session, rats were sacrificed, hearts were excised, cleaned and immediately frozen in liquid nitrogen and stored at -80 °C until RNA extraction. Plasma also was collected for plasma variable measurements. Statistical analysis was performed using a two way analysis of variance, and significance was accepted at P < 0.05.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A non-significant (P < 0.4, P < 0.79, respectively) increase in ABCA1 and PPAR α genes expression was accompanied by a significant (P < 0.01, P < 0.04, P < 0.04, respectively) reduction in TC, TG, and VLDL-C levels in Crataegus-Pentaegyna groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings show that a high intensity treadmill running was able to express ABCA1 and PPAR α in rat heart. Data also possibly indicate that the Crataeguse-Pentaegyna supplementation solely could mimic training effect on the mentioned genes and lipid profiles via different mechanism(s).
authors.affiliation: Exercise Biochemistry Branch, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Science, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Abbass
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ghanbari-Niaki
authors.affiliation: Exercise Biochemistry Branch, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Science, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Safieyh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ghanbari-Abarghooi
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Tarbiat Modarres, Tehran, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Fatemeh
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Rahbarizadeh
authors.affiliation: Exercise Biochemistry Branch, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Science, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Navabeh
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Zare-Kookandeh
authors.affiliation: Exercise Biochemistry Branch, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Science, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Monireh
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gholizadeh
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Fatemeh
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Roudbari
authors.affiliation: Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Asghar
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zare-Kookandeh
keywords: Crataegus Extract; Heart; PPAR-α; Rats; Running