title: 3D printing of modified-release aminosalicylate (4-ASA and 5-ASA) tablets.
abstract: The aim of this study was to explore the potential of fused-deposition 3-dimensional printing (FDM 3DP) to produce modified-release drug loaded tablets. Two aminosalicylate isomers used in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA, mesalazine) and 4-aminosalicylic acid (4-ASA), were selected as model drugs. Commercially produced polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) filaments were loaded with the drugs in an ethanolic drug solution. A final drug-loading of 0.06% w/w and 0.25% w/w was achieved for the 5-ASA and 4-ASA strands, respectively. 10.5mm diameter tablets of both PVA/4-ASA and PVA/5-ASA were subsequently printed using an FDM 3D printer, and varying the weight and densities of the printed tablets was achieved by selecting the infill percentage in the printer software. The tablets were mechanically strong, and the FDM 3D printing was shown to be an effective process for the manufacture of the drug, 5-ASA. Significant thermal degradation of the active 4-ASA (50%) occurred during printing, however, indicating that the method may not be appropriate for drugs when printing at high temperatures exceeding those of the degradation point. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) of the formulated blends confirmed these findings while highlighting the potential of thermal analytical techniques to anticipate drug degradation issues in the 3D printing process. The results of the dissolution tests conducted in modified Hank's bicarbonate buffer showed that release profiles for both drugs were dependent on both the drug itself and on the infill percentage of the tablet. Our work here demonstrates the potential role of FDM 3DP as an efficient and low-cost alternative method of manufacturing individually tailored oral drug dosage, and also for production of modified-release formulations.
authors.affiliation: UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, UK.
authors.forename: Alvaro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Goyanes
authors.affiliation: UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, UK.
authors.forename: Asma B M
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Buanz
authors.affiliation: UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, UK.
authors.forename: Grace B
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Hatton
authors.affiliation: UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, UK; FabRx Ltd., Ashford, UK.
authors.forename: Simon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gaisford
authors.affiliation: UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, UK; FabRx Ltd., Ashford, UK. Electronic address: a.basit@ucl.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Abdul W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Basit
mesh_terms: D010131:Aminosalicylic Acid / Q000737:chemistry*; D002152:Calorimetry, Differential Scanning / Q000379:methods; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical / Q000379:methods; D006358:Hot Temperature; D019804:Mesalamine / Q000737:chemistry*; D019999:Pharmaceutical Solutions / Q000737:chemistry; D011142:Polyvinyl Alcohol / Q000737:chemistry; D066330:Printing, Three-Dimensional; D013607:Tablets / Q000737:chemistry*; D013678:Technology, Pharmaceutical / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D019999:Pharmaceutical Solutions; D013607:Tablets; D019804:Mesalamine; D010131:Aminosalicylic Acid; D011142:Polyvinyl Alcohol
keywords: 3D printing; Aminosalicylates; Bicarbonate buffer; Colonic drug delivery; Controlled-release; Fused deposition modeling; Mesalamine; Personalized dosing; Printing medicines