title: Accessory veins in nonmaturing autogenous arteriovenous fistulae: analysis of anatomic features and impact on fistula maturation.
abstract: The appropriate management of nonmaturing arteriovenous (AV) fistulae continues to be a controversial issue. While coil embolization of accessory side-branch veins can be performed to encourage maturation of nonmaturing AV fistulae, the true efficacy and optimal patient population are not well understood. Fistulagrams performed on nonmaturing AV fistulae were retrospectively reviewed in 145 patients (86 males, median age 63 years) for the presence of accessory veins. Fistula and accessory vein measurements were obtained, as were rates of eventual fistula maturation after accessory vein coil embolization. Of 145 nonmaturing fistulae, 49 (34%) had a stenosis without any accessory veins, 76 (52%) had a stenosis and one or more accessory veins, and 20 (14%) had an accessory vein without concurrent stenosis. Eighteen AV fistulae had one or more accessory veins without coexisting stenosis. Nine fistulae had a caliber decrease immediately downstream from the accessory vein. Coil embolization of dominant accessory veins with a caliber decrease immediately downstream (n = 6) resulted in a 100% eventual fistula maturation rate versus 67% for fistulae without this configuration (n = 6, p = 0.15). Accessory vein size was not correlated with maturation rates (p = 0.51). The majority of nonmaturing fistulae with accessory veins had a coexisting stenosis. Higher maturation rates may result with selected anatomic parameters, although additional studies with more robust sample sizes are needed prior to definitive conclusions.
authors.affiliation: Division of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina.
authors.forename: Bjorn I
authors.initials: BI
authors.lastname: Engstrom
authors.forename: Lars J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Grimm
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ronald
authors.forename: Tony P
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Charles Y
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000792:Angiography; D001166:Arteriovenous Shunt, Surgical / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D001807:Blood Vessel Prosthesis; D004621:Embolization, Therapeutic / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D006435:Renal Dialysis / Q000379:methods*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D017211:Treatment Failure; D014680:Veins / Q000601:surgery*