title: Anti-inflammatory effects of a casein hydrolysate and its peptide-enriched fractions on TNFα-challenged Caco-2 cells and LPS-challenged porcine colonic explants.
abstract: Bioactive milk peptides are reported to illicit a range of physiological benefits and have been proposed as potential functional food ingredients. The objective of this study was to characterize the anti-inflammatory properties of sodium caseinate (NaCAS), its enzyme hydrolysate (EH) and peptide-enriched fractions (5 kDa retentate [R], 1 kDaR and 1 kDa permeate [P]), both in vitro using a Caco-2 cell line, and also ex vivo using a porcine colonic tissue explant system. Caco-2 cells were stimulated with tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) and co-treated with casein hydrolysates for 24 h. Following this, interleukin (IL)-8 concentrations in the supernatant were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Porcine colonic tissue was stimulated with lipopolysaccharide and co-treated with casein hydrolysates for 3 h. The expression of a panel of inflammatory cytokines was measured using qPCR. While dexamethasone reduced the IL-8 concentration by 41.6%, the 1 kDaR and 1 kDaP fractions reduced IL-8 by 68.7% and 66.1%, respectively, relative to TNFα-stimulated Caco-2 cells (P < 0.05). In the ex vivo system, only the 1 kDaR fraction elicited a decrease inIL1-α,IL1-β,IL-8,TGF-β andIL-10 expression (P < 0.05). This study provides evidence that the bioactive peptides present in the 1 kDaR fraction of the NaCAS hydrolysate possess anti-inflammatory properties in vitro and ex vivo. Further in vivo analysis of the anti-inflammatory properties of the 1 kDaR is proposed.
authors.affiliation: School of Veterinary Medicine, UCD Dublin, Ireland ; Food for Health Ireland (FHI), UCD Belfield, Dublin, Ireland.
authors.forename: Anindya
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mukhopadhya
authors.affiliation: School of Agriculture & Food Science, UCD Dublin, Ireland ; Food for Health Ireland (FHI), UCD Belfield, Dublin, Ireland.
authors.forename: Nessa
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Noronha
authors.affiliation: School of Veterinary Medicine, UCD Dublin, Ireland.
authors.forename: Bojlul
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bahar
authors.affiliation: School of Veterinary Medicine, UCD Dublin, Ireland.
authors.forename: Marion T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Ryan
authors.affiliation: Teagasc Food Research Centre Moorepark Fermoy Co. Cork, Ireland ; Food for Health Ireland (FHI), UCD Belfield, Dublin, Ireland.
authors.forename: Brian A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Murray
authors.affiliation: Teagasc Food Research Centre Moorepark Fermoy Co. Cork, Ireland ; Food for Health Ireland (FHI), UCD Belfield, Dublin, Ireland.
authors.forename: Phil M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Kelly
authors.affiliation: Teagasc Food Research Centre Moorepark Fermoy Co. Cork, Ireland ; Food for Health Ireland (FHI), UCD Belfield, Dublin, Ireland.
authors.forename: Ian B
authors.initials: IB
authors.lastname: O'Loughlin
authors.affiliation: School of Agriculture & Food Science, UCD Dublin, Ireland.
authors.forename: John V
authors.initials: JV
authors.lastname: O'Doherty
authors.affiliation: School of Veterinary Medicine, UCD Dublin, Ireland ; Food for Health Ireland (FHI), UCD Belfield, Dublin, Ireland.
authors.forename: Torres
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sweeney
keywords: Bioactive; casein hydrolysate; inflammation; intestine