title: Challenging the need for random directed biopsies of the nasopharynx, pyriform sinus, and contralateral tonsil in the workup of unknown primary squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Many guidelines recommend random directed biopsies of the nasopharynx, contralateral tonsil, and hypopharynx to evaluate an unknown primary squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. There are no published data documenting the need for these recommendations. The purpose of our study was to report the rate of positive blind biopsies in this setting.
  
  
  METHODS
  We recorded the rate of positive random directed biopsies performed as part of the workup for 156 patients treated with radiotherapy between 1985 and 2014 for an unknown primary squamous cell carcinoma presenting with the main location of adenopathy in nodal stations 2, 3, 4, or 5.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Rate of positive result by subsite: nasopharynx and pyriform sinus = 0%; tonsillectomy: ipsilateral = 39%, bilateral = 6%; and base of tongue = 18%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  With modern imaging, random directed biopsies of the nasopharynx and hypopharynx are unnecessary in the workup of unknown primary squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida.
authors.forename: Emily D
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Tanzler
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida.
authors.forename: Robert J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Amdur
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida.
authors.forename: Christopher G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Morris
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida.
authors.forename: John W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Werning
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida.
authors.forename: William M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Mendenhall
mesh_terms: D001706:Biopsy; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009305:Nasopharynx / Q000473:pathology*; D009382:Neoplasms, Unknown Primary / Q000473:pathology*; D014066:Palatine Tonsil / Q000473:pathology*; D056144:Pyriform Sinus / Q000473:pathology*; D000077195:Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck
keywords: head and neck; random biopsy; unknown primary; workup