title: Bimanual force control: cooperation and interference?
abstract: Three experiments were designed to determine the level of cooperation or interference observed from the forces generated in one limb on the forces exhibited by the contralateral limb when one or both limbs were producing a constant force (Experiment 1), one limb was producing a dynamic force while the other limb was producing a constant force (Experiment 2), and both limbs were producing dynamic force patterns (Experiment 3). The results for both Experiments 1 and 2 showed relatively strong positive time series cross correlations between the left and right limb forces indicating increases or decreases in the forces generated by one limb resulted in corresponding changes in the forces produced by the homologous muscles of the contralateral limb. Experiment 3 required participants to coordinate 1:1 and 1:2 rhythmical bimanual force production tasks when provided Lissajous feedback. The results indicated very effective performance of both bimanual coordination patterns. However, identifiable influences of right limb forces on the left limb force time series were observed in the 1:2 coordination pattern but not in the 1:1 pattern. The results of all three experiments support the notion that neural crosstalk is partially responsible for the stabilities and instabilities associated with bimanual coordination.
authors.affiliation: Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, USA.
authors.forename: Deanna M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Kennedy
authors.affiliation: Department of Kinesiology, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, 79902, USA.
authors.forename: Jason B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Boyle
authors.affiliation: Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, USA.
authors.forename: Chaoyi
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, USA. cshea@tamu.edu.
authors.forename: Charles H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Shea
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001132:Arm / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D007839:Functional Laterality / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007537:Isometric Contraction / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult