title: Satisfaction with male-to-female gender reassignment surgery.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The frequency of gender identity disorder is hard to determine; the number of gender reassignment operations and of court proceedings in accordance with the German Law on Transsexuality almost certainly do not fully reflect the underlying reality. There have been only a few studies on patient satisfaction with male-to-female gender reassignment surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  254 consecutive patients who had undergone male-to-female gender reassignment surgery at Essen University Hospital's Department of Urology retrospectively filled out a questionnaire about their subjective postoperative satisfaction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  119 (46.9% ) of the patients filled out and returned the questionnaires, at a mean of 5.05 years after surgery (standard deviation 1.61 years, range 1-7 years). 90.2% said their expectations for life as a woman were fulfilled postoperatively. 85.4% saw themselves as women. 61.2% were satisfied, and 26.2% very satisfied, with their outward appearance as a woman; 37.6% were satisfied, and 34.4% very satisfied, with the functional outcome. 65.7% said they were satisfied with their life as it is now.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The very high rates of subjective satisfaction and the surgical outcomes indicate that gender reassignment surgery is beneficial. These findings must be interpreted with caution, however, because fewer than half of the questionnaires were returned.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology at the University Hospital Essen, Clinica Urologia, General Hospital Ernesto Simoes Filho, Salvador, Brasilien, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University of Essen.
authors.forename: Jochen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hess
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rossi Neto
authors.forename: Leo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Panic
authors.forename: Herbert
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Rübben
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Senf
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017060:Patient Satisfaction / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011788:Quality of Life / Q000523:psychology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D057830:Gender-Affirming Surgery / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D063106:Transgender Persons / Q000523:psychology; D014189:Transsexualism / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000601:surgery*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult