title: Effects of pharmacological interventions on muscle protein synthesis and breakdown in recovery from burns.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The pathophysiological response to burn injury disturbs the balance between skeletal muscle protein synthesis and breakdown, resulting in severe muscle wasting. Muscle loss after burn injury is related to increased mortality and morbidity. Consequently, mitigation of this catabolic response has become a focus in the management of these patients. The aim of this review is to discuss the literature pertaining to pharmacological interventions aimed at attenuating skeletal muscle catabolism in severely burned patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Review of the literature related to skeletal muscle protein metabolism following burn injury was conducted. Emphasis was on studies utilizing stable isotope tracer kinetics to assess the impact of pharmacological interventions on muscle protein metabolism in severely burned patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Data support the efficacy of testosterone, oxandrolone, human recombinant growth hormone, insulin, metformin, and propranolol in improving skeletal muscle protein net balance in patients with severe burns. The mechanisms underlying the improvement of protein net balance differ between types and dosages of drugs, but their main effect is on protein synthesis. Finally, the majority of studies have been conducted during the acute hypermetabolic phase of the injury. Except for oxandrolone, the effects of drugs on muscle protein kinetics following discharge from the hospital are largely unknown.
authors.affiliation: Metabolism Unit, Shriners Hospitals for Children, 815, Market Street, Galveston, TX 77550, USA; Department of Surgery, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Arkansas Children's Hospital Research Institute, and Dept. of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 15 Children's Way, Little Rock, AR 72202, USA. Electronic address: ecdiazfuentes@uams.edu.
authors.forename: Eva C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Diaz
authors.affiliation: Metabolism Unit, Shriners Hospitals for Children, 815, Market Street, Galveston, TX 77550, USA; Department of Surgery, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77555, USA. Electronic address: dherndon@utmb.edu.
authors.forename: David N
authors.initials: DN
authors.lastname: Herndon
authors.affiliation: Metabolism Unit, Shriners Hospitals for Children, 815, Market Street, Galveston, TX 77550, USA; Department of Surgery, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77555, USA. Electronic address: cr2porte@utmb.edu.
authors.forename: Craig
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Porter
authors.affiliation: Metabolism Unit, Shriners Hospitals for Children, 815, Market Street, Galveston, TX 77550, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77555, USA. Electronic address: lasidoss@utmb.edu.
authors.forename: Labros S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Sidossis
authors.affiliation: Metabolism Unit, Shriners Hospitals for Children, 815, Market Street, Galveston, TX 77550, USA; Department of Surgery, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77555, USA. Electronic address: oesuman@utmb.edu.
authors.forename: Oscar E
authors.initials: OE
authors.lastname: Suman
authors.affiliation: Metabolism Unit, Shriners Hospitals for Children, 815, Market Street, Galveston, TX 77550, USA; Department of Surgery, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Arkansas Children's Hospital Research Institute, and Dept. of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 15 Children's Way, Little Rock, AR 72202, USA. Electronic address: EBorsheim@uams.edu.
authors.forename: Elisabet
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Børsheim
mesh_terms: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D045930:Anabolic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000728:Androgens / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001830:Body Surface Area; D002056:Burns / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D019382:Human Growth Hormone / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007328:Insulin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008687:Metformin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D009124:Muscle Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000378:metabolism; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000378:metabolism*; D010074:Oxandrolone / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011433:Propranolol / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D013739:Testosterone / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; D045930:Anabolic Agents; D000728:Androgens; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin; D009124:Muscle Proteins; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D019382:Human Growth Hormone; D013739:Testosterone; D010074:Oxandrolone; D008687:Metformin; D011433:Propranolol
keywords: Burn injury; Catabolism; Hypermetabolism; Muscle; Protein; Stable isotopes