title: Parallel multifunctionalization of nanoparticles: a one-step modular approach for in vivo imaging.
abstract: Multifunctional nanoparticles are usually produced by sequential synthesis, with long multistep protocols. Our study reports a generic modular strategy for the parallel one-step multifunctionalization of different hydrophobic nanoparticles. The method was designed and developed by taking advantage of the natural noncovalent interactions between the fatty acid binding sites of the bovine serum albumin (BSA) and the aliphatic surfactants on different inorganic nanomaterials. As a general example of the approach, three different nanoparticles-iron oxide, upconverting nanophosphors, and gold nanospheres-were nanoemulsified in water with BSA. To support specific applications, multifunctional capability was incorporated with a variety of previously modified BSA modules. These modules include different conjugated groups, such as chelating agents for (68)Ga or (89)Zr and ligand molecules for enhanced in vivo targeting. A large library of 13 multimodal contrast agents was developed with this convergent strategy. This platform allows a highly versatile and easy tailoring option for efficient incorporation of functional groups. Finally, as demonstration of this versatility, a bimodal (PET/MRI) probe including a maleimide-conjugated BSA was selectively synthesized with an RGD peptide for in vivo imaging detection of tumor angiogenesis.
authors.affiliation: Advanced Imaging Unit, Department of Atherotrombosis, Imaging and Epidemiology, Fundación Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC) and CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES) , Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Hugo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Groult
authors.forename: Jesús
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ruiz-Cabello
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pellico
authors.forename: Ana V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Lechuga-Vieco
authors.forename: Riju
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bhavesh
authors.forename: Moreno
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zamai
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Almarza
authors.forename: Inés
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Martín-Padura
authors.forename: Eugenio
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cantelar
authors.forename: María P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Martínez-Alcázar
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Herranz
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000633:toxicity; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000187:drug effects; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008301:Maleimides / Q000737:chemistry; D051379:Mice; D008958:Models, Molecular; D008968:Molecular Conformation; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity; D009842:Oligopeptides / Q000737:chemistry; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography / Q000379:methods*; D012710:Serum Albumin, Bovine / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D014018:Tissue Distribution
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D005227:Fatty Acids; D008301:Maleimides; D009842:Oligopeptides; C043592:maleimide; D012710:Serum Albumin, Bovine; C047981:arginyl-glycyl-aspartic acid