title: A mesoporous silica biomaterial for dental biomimetic crystallization.
abstract: The loss of overlying enamel or cementum exposes dentinal tubules and increases the risk of several dental diseases, such as dentin hypersensitivity (causing sharp pain and anxiety), caries, and pulp inflammation. This paper presents a fast-reacting, more reliable and biocompatible biomaterial that effectively occludes exposed dentinal tubules by forming a biomimetic crystalline dentin barrier. To generate this biomaterial, a gelatin-templated mesoporous silica biomaterial (CaCO3@mesoporous silica, CCMS) containing nanosized calcium carbonate particles is mixed with 30% H3PO4 at a 1/1 molar ratio of Ca/P (denoted as CCMS-HP), which enables Ca2+ and PO4(3-)/HPO4(2-) ions to permeate the dentinal tubules and form dicalcium phosphate dihydrate (DCPD), tricalcium phosphate (TCP) or hydroxyapatite (HAp) crystals at a depth of approximately 40 μm (sub-μ-CT and nano-SEM/EDS examinations). In vitro biocompatibility tests (WST-1 and lactate dehydrogenase) and ALP assays show high cell viability and mineralization ability in a transwell dentin disc model treated with CCMS-HP (p<0.05). The in vivo efficacy and biocompatibility analyses of the biomaterial in an animal model reveal significant crystal growth (DCPD, TCP or HAp-like) and no pulp irritation after 70 days (p<0.05). The developed CCMS-HP holds great promise for treating exposed dentin by growing biomimetic crystals within dentinal tubules. These findings demonstrate that the mesoporous silica biomaterials presented here have great potential for serving as both a catalyst and carrier in the repair or regeneration of dental hard tissue.
authors.affiliation: School of Dentistry and Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, National Taiwan University and National Taiwan University Hospital , No. 1, Chang-Te Street, Taipei 10016, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yu-Chih
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Chiang
authors.forename: Hong-Ping
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Hao-Hueng
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Ya-Wen
authors.initials: YW
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Hsin-Yen
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: Wei-Ching
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Yen
authors.forename: Po-Yen
authors.initials: PY
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Kei-Wen
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Chun-Pin
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Lin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D040761:Biomimetic Materials / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000633:toxicity; D002119:Calcium Carbonate / Q000737:chemistry; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D003460:Crystallization; D003782:Dental Pulp / Q000187:drug effects; D003804:Dentin / Q000187:drug effects; D004285:Dogs; D005780:Gelatin / Q000737:chemistry; D010756:Phosphoric Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D016062:Porosity; D012822:Silicon Dioxide / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D010756:Phosphoric Acids; D012822:Silicon Dioxide; D005780:Gelatin; C030242:phosphoric acid; D002119:Calcium Carbonate
keywords: biomimetics; crystal growth; dentinal tubule; mesoporous materials; sub-μ-CT