title: Tetronic(®)-based composite hydrogel scaffolds seeded with rat bladder smooth muscle cells for urinary bladder tissue engineering applications.
abstract: Natural hydrogels such as collagen offer desirable properties for tissue engineering, including cell adhesion sites, but their low mechanical strength is not suitable for bladder tissue regeneration. In contrast, synthetic hydrogels such as poly (ethylene glycol) allow tuning of mechanical properties, but do not elicit protein adsorption or cell adhesion. For this reason, we explored the use of composite hydrogel blends composed of Tetronic (BASF) 1107-acrylate (T1107A) in combination with extracellular matrix moieties collagen and hyaluronic acid seeded with bladder smooth muscle cells (BSMC). This composite hydrogel supported BSMC growth and distribution throughout the construct. When compared to the control (acellular) hydrogels, mechanical properties (peak stress, peak strain, and elastic modulus) of the cellular hydrogels were significantly greater. When compared to the 7-day time point after BSMC seeding, results of mechanical testing at the 14-day time point indicated a significant increase in both ultimate tensile stress (4.1-11.6 kPa) and elastic modulus (11.8-42.7 kPa) in cellular hydrogels. The time-dependent improvement in stiffness and strength of the cellular constructs can be attributed to the continuous collagen deposition and reconstruction by BSMC seeded in the matrix. The composite hydrogel provided a biocompatible scaffold for BSMC to thrive and strengthen the matrix; further, this trend could lead to strengthening the construct to match the mechanical properties of the bladder.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Bioengineering , 301 Rhodes Engineering Research Center, Clemson University , Clemson , SC 29634-0905 , USA.
authors.forename: Srikanth
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sivaraman
authors.forename: Rachel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ostendorff
authors.forename: Benjamin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Fleishman
authors.forename: Jiro
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nagatomi
mesh_terms: D000179:Acrylates / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry; D000818:Animals; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D003094:Collagen / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry; D055119:Elastic Modulus; D005029:Ethylenediamines / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry*; D005260:Female; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D020100:Hydrogels / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry*; D008422:Materials Testing; D032389:Myocytes, Smooth Muscle / Q000166:cytology*; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000166:cytology*
chemical_list: D000179:Acrylates; D005029:Ethylenediamines; D020100:Hydrogels; C112299:Tetronic 1107; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid; D003094:Collagen; C036658:acrylic acid
keywords: Tetronic 1107 Acrylate; bladder smooth muscle cell; collagen synthesis; composite hydrogel; tissue engineering