title: Flavonols, alkaloids, and antioxidant capacity of edible wild berberis species from patagonia.
abstract: There are 20 species of the Berberidaceae family described in Chile, whose fruits are edible and show high anthocyanin and hydroxycinnamic acid levels. Berberis microphylla G. Forst, commonly known as calafate, is the most extensively distributed. Flavonols and alkaloids in seed, pulp, skin, and whole calafate berry extracts and other Berberis were studied using HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS and HPLC with fluorescence detector. Berry samples from different locations in Chilean Patagonia, including different phenological stages, were systematically addressed. Results were compared with other organs of the plant and with other Berberis species. Total flavonol concentration in calafate (n = 65) was 1.33 ± 0.54 μmol/g. Glycosyl metabolites of quercetin and isorhamnetin were the most abundant. Similar profiles were observed in calafate from distinct locations, but important differences were observed for the other edible Berberis species. Calafate pulp and skin have higher flavonol concentrations than seeds, and the maturation process reduced its levels. TEACCUPRAC and TEACABTS of whole calafate extracts and fractions are also explored. Finally, only berberine was detected in the fruit (0.001%), mainly in seeds. Results contribute to the promotion of this berry as a superfruit from Patagonia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Instrumental Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Concepción , P.O. Box 160-C, Concepción, Chile.
authors.forename: Antonieta
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ruiz
authors.forename: Moises
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zapata
authors.forename: Constanza
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sabando
authors.forename: Luis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bustamante
authors.forename: Dietrich
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: von Baer
authors.forename: Carola
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Vergara
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mardones
mesh_terms: D000470:Alkaloids / Q000032:analysis*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000032:analysis*; D028141:Berberidaceae / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000145:classification; D028142:Berberis / Q000737:chemistry; D002677:Chile; D044948:Flavonols / Q000032:analysis*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000032:analysis*; D010945:Plants, Edible / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000470:Alkaloids; D000975:Antioxidants; D044948:Flavonols; D010936:Plant Extracts
keywords: Berberis microphylla G. Forst; HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS; alkaloids; antioxidant capacity; berberine; core−shell columns; flavonols