title: Stakeholders' contributions to tailored implementation programs: an observational study of group interview methods.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Tailored strategies to implement evidence-based practice can be generated in several ways. In this study, we explored the usefulness of group interviews for generating these strategies, focused on improving healthcare for patients with chronic diseases.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants included at least four categories of stakeholders (researchers, quality officers, health professionals, and external stakeholders) in five countries. Interviews comprised brainstorming followed by a structured interview and focused on different chronic conditions in each country. We compared the numbers and types of strategies between stakeholder categories and between interview phases. We also determined which strategies were actually used in tailored intervention programs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In total, 127 individuals participated in 25 group interviews across five countries. Brainstorming generated 8 to 120 strategies per group; structured interviews added 0 to 55 strategies. Healthcare professionals and researchers provided the largest numbers of strategies. The type of strategies for improving healthcare practice did not differ systematically between stakeholder groups in four of the five countries. In three out of five countries, all components of the chosen intervention programs were mentioned by the group of researchers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Group interviews with different stakeholder categories produced many strategies for tailored implementation of evidence-based practice, of which the content was largely similar across stakeholder categories.
authors.affiliation: Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, the Netherlands. Elke.Huntink@radboudumc.nl.
authors.forename: Elke
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Huntink
authors.affiliation: Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, the Netherlands. Jan.vanLieshout@radboudumc.nl.
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: van Lieshout
authors.affiliation: Research Centre for Old Age Psychiatry, Innlandet Hospital Trust, 2312, Ottestad, Norway. eivind.aakhus@gmail.com.|Norwegian Knowledge Centre for the Health Services, P.O. Box 7004, St. Olavs plass, N-0130, Oslo, Norway. eivind.aakhus@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Eivind
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Aakhus
authors.affiliation: University of Leicester, 22-28 Princess Road West, Leicester, LE1 6TP, UK. rb14@leicester.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Baker
authors.affiliation: Norwegian Knowledge Centre for the Health Services, P.O. Box 7004, St. Olavs plass, N-0130, Oslo, Norway. signe.flottorp@kunnskapssenteret.no.|University of Oslo, Postboks 1089 Blindern, 0317, Oslo, Norway. signe.flottorp@kunnskapssenteret.no.
authors.forename: Signe
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Flottorp
authors.affiliation: Medical University of Lodz, ul. Kopcinskiego 20, 90-153, Lodz, Poland. maciej.dodycki-cwirko@umed.lodz.pl.
authors.forename: Maciek
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Godycki-Cwirko
authors.affiliation: Heidelberg University Hospital, Voßstraße 2, D-69115, Heidelberg, Germany. Cornelia.jaeger@med.uni-heidelberg.de.
authors.forename: Cornelia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Jäger
authors.affiliation: Centre for Family and Community Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Kopcinskiego 20, 90-153, Lodz, Poland. anna.kowalczyk@umed.lodz.pl.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kowalczyk
authors.affiliation: Heidelberg University Hospital, Voßstraße 2, D-69115, Heidelberg, Germany. Joachim.szecsenyi@med.uni-heidelberg.de.
authors.forename: Joachim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Szecsenyi
authors.affiliation: Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, the Netherlands. Michel.Wensing@Radboudumc.nl.
authors.forename: Michel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wensing
mesh_terms: D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D002908:Chronic Disease / Q000628:therapy*; D004059:Diffusion of Innovation; D055317:Evidence-Based Practice; D006284:Health Plan Implementation; D006291:Health Policy; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D011446:Prospective Studies; D058996:Quality Improvement