title: Guided tissue regeneration in endodontic surgery by using a bioactive resorbable membrane.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Guided tissue regeneration is a valuable technique available to the endodontist because the quality, quantity, or extent of bone loss cannot be visualized by the surgeon until the tissue is reflected and the surgical site is exposed.
  
  
  METHODS
  After repeated attempts at nonsurgical treatment, a patient with a recurring sinus tract over the distobuccal root of an upper molar ultimately had the distobuccal root resected, leaving a 10 × 10 mm bony defect. This dehiscence was filled with freeze-dried bone and covered with a flexible and absorbable bioactive membrane that was new to endodontics.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Healing was uneventful, and bone regeneration was rapid and extensive as observed at the time of a second surgery just 5 months later. This can be attributed at least in part to the use of the bioactive membrane that contains an array of growth factors that enhance cell proliferation, inflammation, recruitment of progenitor cells, and metalloproteinase activity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of the bioactive membrane in endodontic surgery should be considered to best restore the attachment apparatus to the tooth and prevent the downgrowth of a long junctional epithelium. The endodontist's attention must not be limited to the apical region alone.
authors.affiliation: Division of Endodontics, Columbia University College of Dental Medicine, New York, New York.
authors.forename: C Susan
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Chi
authors.affiliation: Division of Endodontics, Columbia University College of Dental Medicine, New York, New York.
authors.forename: Diego B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Andrade
authors.affiliation: Division of Endodontics, Columbia University College of Dental Medicine, New York, New York.
authors.forename: Sahng G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Division of Endodontics, Columbia University College of Dental Medicine, New York, New York. Electronic address: css5@columbia.edu.
authors.forename: Charles S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Solomon
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D064591:Allografts; D002823:Chorion / Q000637:transplantation*; D003790:Dental Pulp Necrosis / Q000601:surgery*; D016557:Guided Tissue Regeneration, Periodontal / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D019647:Oral Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D010256:Paranasal Sinuses / Q000601:surgery
keywords: Bioactive membrane; endodontic surgery; guided tissue regeneration (GTR); long junctional epithelium; oot resection