title: Attenuation of renal ischemia/reperfusion injury by açaí extract preconditioning in a rat model.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Renal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is highly associated with morbidity and mortality. Oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis play pivotal roles in the development of renal dysfunction following renal I/R. Experimental studies have reported the effectiveness of many antioxidant and anti-inflammatory compounds against renal I/R injury. On the other hand, açaí (Euterpe oleracea Mart. Palmae, Arecaceae) has recently gained considerable appreciation as a natural source of antioxidants. However, the effect of açaí extract has not been studied before on renal I/R. Therefore, the present study was carried out to investigate the possible mechanisms of renal injury attenuation by açaí extract in a rat renal I/R model.
  
  
  METHODS
  To achieve the aim of the study, rats were administered açaí extract at two dose levels (500 and 1000 mg/kg) for 15 consecutive days before bilateral renal I/R induction. Serum and kidneys were isolated and used for subsequent biochemical analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The present data showed that açai extract significantly and dose-dependently attenuated I/R-induced renal damage. It suppressed the levels of blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine, and renal tissue content of kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1). In addition, it inhibited serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity. Moreover, renal contents of malondialdehyde (MDA), myeloperoxidase (MPO), interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), caspase-3, collagen IV, and endothelin-1 were reduced, while renal interleukin-10 (IL-10) content was increased by açaí extract administration to rats before renal I/R induction.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Açaí extract ameliorated bilateral I/R-induced renal injury in rats in a dose-dependent manner.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Ein Helwan, Helwan, Egypt.
authors.forename: Engy M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: El Morsy
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Misr University for Science and Technology (MUST), 6th of October City, Giza, Egypt. Electronic address: mahapharm@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Maha A E
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Ahmed
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Ein Helwan, Helwan, Egypt.
authors.forename: Amany A E
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Ahmed
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001806:Blood Urea Nitrogen; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules / Q000378:metabolism; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D065748:Euterpe / Q000737:chemistry*; D019194:Ischemic Preconditioning / Q000379:methods*; D007668:Kidney / Q000473:pathology*; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000097:blood; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000097:blood; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; D003404:Creatinine; D016207:Cytokines; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D009195:Peroxidase; D010936:Plant Extracts; C110936:Havcr1 protein, rat
keywords: Açaí extract; Caspase-3; Collagen IV; Creatinine; Endothelin-1; IFN-γ; IL-10; KIM-1; LDH; Malondialdehyde; Myeloperoxidase; Renal ischemia/reperfusion