title: Schisandrae semen essential oil attenuates oxidative stress-induced cell damage in C2C12 murine skeletal muscle cells through Nrf2‑mediated upregulation of HO‑1.
abstract: The aim of the present study was to examine the cytoprotective effects of Schisandrae semen essential oil (SSeo), purified from Schisandrae fructus, against oxidative stress-induced cell damage in C2C12 myoblasts. SSeo attenuated hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced growth inhibition and exhibited scavenging activity against the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) that were induced by H2O2. SSeo also inhibited comet tail formation, chromatin condensation and phosphor-histone γH2A.X expression, suggesting that it prevents H2O2-induced cellular DNA damage and apoptotic cell death. Furthermore, SSeo significantly enhanced the expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO‑1) associated with the induction of nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) in a time- and concentration‑dependent manner. In addition, the protective effect of SSeo on H2O2‑induced C2C12 cell damage was significantly inhibited by zinc protoporphyrin IX, an HO‑1 competitive inhibitor, in C2C12 cells. These findings suggest that SSeo augments the cellular antioxidant defense capacity through intrinsic free radical scavenging activity and activation of the Nrf2/HO‑1 pathway, thereby protecting the C2C12 cells from H2O2‑induced oxidative cytotoxicity. As a result, SSeo may have therapeutic potential in the development of functional foods and as the raw material for medicines to protect against oxidative stress.
authors.affiliation: Blue‑Bio Industry RIC and Anti‑Aging Research Center, Dongeui University, Busan 614-714, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Ji Sook
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Dongeui University College of Korean Medicine, Busan 614-052, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Min Ho
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Gi-Young
authors.initials: GY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Busan National University College of Medicine, Yangsan 626-870, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Cheol Min
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention (MRCA), Department of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hae Young
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.affiliation: Blue‑Bio Industry RIC and Anti‑Aging Research Center, Dongeui University, Busan 614-714, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hye Jin
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.affiliation: Blue‑Bio Industry RIC and Anti‑Aging Research Center, Dongeui University, Busan 614-714, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Byung Woo
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Blue‑Bio Industry RIC and Anti‑Aging Research Center, Dongeui University, Busan 614-714, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Yung Hyun
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Choi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry*; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic / Q000187:drug effects*; D051547:Heme Oxygenase-1 / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000494:pharmacology; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D051379:Mice; D032448:Myoblasts, Skeletal / Q000378:metabolism*; D051267:NF-E2-Related Factor 2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D009822:Oils, Volatile / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016877:Oxidants / Q000494:pharmacology; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D032141:Schisandra / Q000737:chemistry*; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D008565:Membrane Proteins; D051267:NF-E2-Related Factor 2; C495636:Nfe2l2 protein, mouse; D009822:Oils, Volatile; D016877:Oxidants; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D051547:Heme Oxygenase-1; C496542:Hmox1 protein, mouse