title: Hypomyelination, memory impairment, and blood-brain barrier permeability in a model of sleep apnea.
abstract: We investigated the effect of intermittent hypoxia, mimicking sleep apnea, on axonal integrity, blood-brain barrier permeability, and cognitive function of mice. Forty-seven C57BL mice were exposed to intermittent or sham hypoxia, alternating 30s of progressive hypoxia and 30s of reoxigenation, during 8h/day. The axonal integrity in cerebellum was evaluated by transmission electron microscopy. Short- and long-term memories were assessed by novel object recognition test. The levels of endothelin-1 were measured by ELISA. Blood-brain barrier permeability was quantified by Evans Blue dye. After 14 days, animals exposed to intermittent hypoxia showed hypomyelination in cerebellum white matter and higher serum levels of endothelin-1. The short and long-term memories in novel object recognition test was impaired in the group exposed to intermittent hypoxia as compared to controls. Blood-brain barrier permeability was similar between the groups. These results indicated that hypomyelination and impairment of short- and long-term working memories occurred in C57BL mice after 14 days of intermittent hypoxia mimicking sleep apnea.
authors.affiliation: Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Pesquisa em Sono (LIPES-UFRGS), Serviço de Cardiologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, 90035-903 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. Electronic address: lenisekim@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Lenise Jihe
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Pesquisa em Sono (LIPES-UFRGS), Serviço de Cardiologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, 90035-903 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Denis
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Martinez
authors.affiliation: Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Pesquisa em Sono (LIPES-UFRGS), Serviço de Cardiologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, 90035-903 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Cintia Zappe
authors.initials: CZ
authors.lastname: Fiori
authors.affiliation: Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Pesquisa em Sono (LIPES-UFRGS), Serviço de Cardiologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, 90035-903 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Diego
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Baronio
authors.affiliation: Centro de Terapia Gênica, UFRGS, HCPA, Brazil.
authors.forename: Nélson Alexandre
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Kretzmann
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Ciências da Saúde, Disciplina de Farmacologia, UFCSPA, Brazil.
authors.forename: Helena Maria Tannhauser
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Barros
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001369:Axons / Q000648:ultrastructure; D001812:Blood-Brain Barrier / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D002199:Capillary Permeability / Q000502:physiology; D002531:Cerebellum / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D054022:Cerebrum / Q000503:physiopathology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D019332:Endothelin-1 / Q000097:blood; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005070:Evans Blue; D000860:Hypoxia / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D008569:Memory Disorders / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008570:Memory, Short-Term / Q000502:physiology; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009186:Myelin Sheath / Q000648:ultrastructure; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D021641:Recognition, Psychology / Q000502:physiology; D012891:Sleep Apnea Syndromes / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D066127:White Matter / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000648:ultrastructure
chemical_list: D019332:Endothelin-1; D005070:Evans Blue
keywords: Blood–brain barrier; Endothelin-1; Hypomyelination; Intermittent hypoxia; Sleep apnea; Working memory