title: Outcomes of augmented allograft figure-of-eight sternoclavicular joint reconstruction.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Sternoclavicular joint (SCJ) instability is a rare condition resulting in impaired function and shoulder girdle pain. Various methods for stabilizing the SCJ have been proposed, with biomechanical analysis demonstrating superior stiffness and peak load properties with a figure-of-8 tendon graft technique. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical outcomes of SCJ reconstruction with an interference screw figure-of-8 allograft tendon technique.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective analysis of a consecutive cohort of patients from 2007 to 2011 was performed for all patients undergoing SCJ reconstruction for instability. All patients were treated for SCJ instability with a figure-of-8 allograft reconstruction augmented by 2 tenodesis screws. Outcomes were performed with the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) score, the shortened Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (QuickDASH) score, and the visual analog scale (VAS) for pain score for all patients. Intraoperative and postoperative complications were recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 10 patients were included in the study, with an average follow-up of 38 months (range, 11.6-66.8 months). Preoperatively, the mean ASES score was 35.3 points (range, 21.7-55 points), whereas the postoperative mean ASES score increased to 84.7 points (range, 66.6-95 points). The mean VAS score improved from 7.0 (range, 5-10) before surgery to 1.15 (range, 0-3) at follow-up, and the QuickDASH score average was 17.0 points (range, 0 to 38.6 points). Minor postoperative complications were noted in 2 patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients who underwent repair of SCJ instability by an augmented figure-of-8 allograft tendon reconstruction report marked improvements in both shoulder function and pain relief.
authors.affiliation: Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
authors.forename: Jefferson B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Sabatini
authors.affiliation: Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
authors.forename: Joseph R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Shung
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
authors.forename: T Bradly
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: Clay
authors.affiliation: University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria (UICOMP), Peoria, IL, USA.
authors.forename: Lasun O
authors.initials: LO
authors.lastname: Oladeji
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
authors.forename: Douglas J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Minnich
authors.affiliation: Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA. Electronic address: bponce@uabmc.edu.
authors.forename: Brent A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Ponce
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D064591:Allografts; D001178:Arthroplasty / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007593:Joint Instability / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010147:Pain Measurement; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D020069:Shoulder Pain / Q000209:etiology; D013247:Sternoclavicular Joint / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D013710:Tendons / Q000637:transplantation*; D053656:Tenodesis; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Sternoclavicular joint; interference screw; sternoclavicular joint dislocation; sternoclavicular joint instability; sternoclavicular joint reconstruction