title: Social stress increases expression of hemoglobin genes in mouse prefrontal cortex.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In order to better understand the effects of social stress on the prefrontal cortex, we investigated gene expression in mice subjected to acute and repeated social encounters of different duration using microarrays.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The most important finding was identification of hemoglobin genes (Hbb-b1, Hbb-b2, Hba-a1, Hba-a2, Beta-S) as potential markers of chronic social stress in mice. Expression of these genes was progressively increased in animals subjected to 8 and 13 days of repeated stress and was correlated with altered expression of Mgp (Mglap), Fbln1, 1500015O10Rik (Ecrg4), SLC16A10, and Mndal. Chronic stress increased also expression of Timp1 and Ppbp that are involved in reaction to vascular injury. Acute stress did not affect expression of hemoglobin genes but it altered expression of Fam107a (Drr1) and Agxt2l1 (Etnppl) that have been implicated in psychiatric diseases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The observed up-regulation of genes associated with vascular system and brain injury suggests that stressful social encounters may affect brain function through the stress-induced dysfunction of the vascular system.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Behavior, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Jastrzebiec, ul. Postepu 36A, 05-552, Magdalenka, Poland. adrianstankiewicz85@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Adrian M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Stankiewicz
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Computer Science, Bialystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45A, 15-351, Bialystok, Poland. j.goscik@pb.edu.pl.
authors.forename: Joanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Goscik
authors.affiliation: Department of Human and Animal Physiology, Institute of Biology, University of Gdansk, 80-308, Gdansk, Poland. swiergiel@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Artur H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Swiergiel
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland. alamaj@poczta.onet.pl.
authors.forename: Alicja
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Majewska
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurobiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-236 Lodz, Pomorska, 141/143, Poland. marek@biol.uni.lodz.pl.
authors.forename: Marek
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wieczorek
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Behavior, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Jastrzebiec, ul. Postepu 36A, 05-552, Magdalenka, Poland. g.juszczak@ighz.pl.
authors.forename: Grzegorz R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Juszczak
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Jastrzebiec, ul. Postepu 36A, 05-552, Magdalenka, Poland. p.lisowski@ighz.pl.|iPS Cell-Based Disease Modeling Group, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC) in the Helmholtz Association, 13092, Berlin, Germany. p.lisowski@ighz.pl.
authors.forename: Paweł
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lisowski
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000818:Animals; D001835:Body Weight; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003345:Corticosterone / Q000097:blood; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004435:Eating; D015870:Gene Expression; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D046228:Microarray Analysis; D017397:Prefrontal Cortex / Q000378:metabolism*; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012938:Social Perception; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D006454:Hemoglobins; D003345:Corticosterone