title: Jasmonic acid-isoleucine formation in grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) by two enzymes with distinct transcription profiles.
abstract: The plant hormone jasmonic acid (JA) is essential for stress responses and the formation of reproductive organs, but its role in fruit development and ripening is unclear. Conjugation of JA to isoleucine is a crucial step in the JA signaling pathway since only JA-Ile is recognized by the jasmonate receptor. The conjugation reaction is catalyzed by JA-amido synthetases, belonging to the family of Gretchen Hagen3 (GH3) proteins. Here, in vitro studies of two grapevine (Vitis vinifera L. cv Shiraz) GH3 enzymes, VvGH3-7 and VvGH3-9, demonstrated JA-conjugating activities with an overlapping range of amino acid substrates, including isoleucine. Expression studies of the corresponding genes in grape berries combined with JA and JA-Ile measurements suggested a primary role for JA signaling in fruit set and cell division and did not support an involvement of JA in the ripening process. In response to methyl JA (MeJA) treatment, and in wounded and unwounded (distal) leaves, VvGH3-9 transcripts accumulated, indicating a participation in the JA response. In contrast, VvGH3-7 was unresponsive to MeJA and local wounding, demonstrating a differential transcriptional regulation of VvGH3-7 and VvGH3-9. The transient induction of VvGH3-7 in unwounded, distal leaves was suggestive of the involvement of an unknown mobile wound signal.
authors.affiliation: CSIRO Agriculture Flagship, Glen Osmond, South Australia, 5064, Australia.
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Böttcher
authors.affiliation: CSIRO Agriculture Flagship, Glen Osmond, South Australia, 5064, Australia.
authors.forename: Crista A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Burbidge
authors.affiliation: CSIRO Agriculture Flagship, Glen Osmond, South Australia, 5064, Australia.
authors.forename: Valentina
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: di Rienzo
authors.affiliation: CSIRO Agriculture Flagship, Glen Osmond, South Australia, 5064, Australia.
authors.forename: Paul K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Boss
authors.affiliation: CSIRO Agriculture Flagship, Glen Osmond, South Australia, 5064, Australia.
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Davies
mesh_terms: D000085:Acetates / Q000494:pharmacology; D000596:Amino Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid; D003517:Cyclopentanes / Q000494:pharmacology; D005638:Fruit / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant / Q000187:drug effects; D017343:Genes, Plant; D007532:Isoleucine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000096:biosynthesis; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D009928:Organ Specificity / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D054883:Oxylipins / Q000494:pharmacology; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D013379:Substrate Specificity / Q000187:drug effects; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects; D027843:Vitis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development
chemical_list: D000085:Acetates; D000596:Amino Acids; D003517:Cyclopentanes; D054883:Oxylipins; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; C532883:jasmonoyl-isoleucine; D007532:Isoleucine; C072239:methyl jasmonate
keywords: Berry development; GH3; grapevine; jasmonic acid; wound response