title: Imaging appearances of diffuse idiopathic pulmonary neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of the study was to describe the imaging appearances of diffuse idiopathic pulmonary neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia (DIPNECH) on computed tomography (CT).
  
  
  METHODS
  Electronic medical records were searched for patients with pathology-proven DIPNECH who had a CT available for review. Eleven patients were included.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The most common finding on CT was small pulmonary nodules which were present in all patients and were multiple (≥5) in 7/11 patients. Other CT findings included mosaic pattern attenuation and bronchial wall thickening/bronchiectasis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  DIPNECH should be considered as a diagnostic possibility when multiple small pulmonary nodules are identified on CT, particularly if there is an associated carcinoid tumor.
authors.affiliation: Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA. Electronic address: paulforan2006@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Paul J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Foran
authors.affiliation: Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA. Electronic address: hayess@mskcc.org.
authors.forename: Sara A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Hayes
authors.affiliation: Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA.
authors.forename: Donald J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Blair
authors.affiliation: Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA.
authors.forename: Maureen F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Zakowski
authors.affiliation: Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA. Electronic address: ginsberm@mskcc.org.
authors.forename: Michelle S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Ginsberg
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002276:Carcinoid Tumor / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006965:Hyperplasia / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D008875:Middle Aged; D055613:Multiple Pulmonary Nodules / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D055099:Neuroendocrine Cells / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D011230:Precancerous Conditions / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D011859:Radiography
keywords: CT; DIPNECH; Pulmonary neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia; pulmonary nodules