title: Introduction of a mixture of β-tricalcium phosphate into a complex of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and type I collagen can augment the volume of alveolar bone without impairing cementum regeneration.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The purpose of this study is to evaluate whether β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) could be a promising modality to help augment alveolar bone in periodontal tissue regeneration by bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs).
  
  
  METHODS
  Expanded BMMSCs and atelocollagen (Col) were mixed together (MSC/Col). A combination of β-TCP with MSC/Col was also prepared (MSC/Col/TCP). MSC/Col/TCP or MSC/Col was transplanted into experimental periodontal Class III furcation defects that had been exposed to inflammation in beagle dogs. Periodontal tissue regeneration was evaluated by histologic and morphometric analyses at 4 and 8 weeks after transplantation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  MSC/Col and MSC/Col/TCP enhanced periodontal tissue regeneration compared to Col and TCP/Col according to hematoxylin and eosin staining. The percentage of new cementum length in the MSC/Col/TCP group was not significantly different from that in the MSC/Col group at 4 and 8 weeks. On the other hand, the percentage of new bone area in the MSC/Col/TCP group was much higher than that in the MSC/TCP group at 4 weeks. However, at 8 weeks, no significant difference in new bone area was found between the two groups. In the MSC/Col/TCP group, β-TCP was surrounded by newly formed bone. Multinucleated cells, which were positive for osteopontin and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase, were present in the interconnected macropores of β-TCP.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest that β-TCP is applicable as a scaffold for BMMSCs transplantation and helps augment alveolar bone without impairing regeneration of cementum.
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontal Medicine, Applied Life Science, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.
authors.forename: Takayosi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nagahara
authors.forename: Shinichiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yoshimatsu
authors.forename: Hideki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shiba
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kawaguchi
authors.forename: Katsuhiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takeda
authors.forename: Tomoyuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Iwata
authors.forename: Noriyoshi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mizuno
authors.forename: Tsuyoshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fujita
authors.forename: Hidemi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kurihara
mesh_terms: D000135:Acid Phosphatase / Q000032:analysis; D000539:Alveolar Process / Q000473:pathology*; D000818:Animals; D001861:Bone Regeneration / Q000502:physiology; D002130:Calcium Phosphates / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D025021:Cementogenesis / Q000502:physiology*; D003094:Collagen / Q000737:chemistry; D024042:Collagen Type I / Q000737:chemistry; D003739:Dental Cementum / Q000473:pathology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004285:Dogs; D005260:Female; D017823:Furcation Defects / Q000601:surgery; D015726:Giant Cells / Q000473:pathology; D016557:Guided Tissue Regeneration, Periodontal / Q000379:methods*; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000032:analysis; D045164:Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation / Q000379:methods*; D009929:Organ Size; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000502:physiology; D053495:Osteopontin / Q000032:analysis; D000071681:Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds / Q000737:chemistry; D020254:Tooth Ankylosis / Q000473:pathology; D014092:Tooth Root / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D002130:Calcium Phosphates; D024042:Collagen Type I; D007527:Isoenzymes; C059821:atelocollagen; C485817:beta-tricalcium phosphate; D053495:Osteopontin; D003094:Collagen; D000135:Acid Phosphatase; D000071681:Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase
keywords: Beta-tricalcium phosphate; bone marrow; cementum; mesenchymal stromal cells; periodontal bone loss; regeneration