title: Inflammation markers and their trajectories after deep vein thrombosis in relation to risk of post-thrombotic syndrome.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Post-thrombotic syndrome (PTS) is a frequent chronic complication of deep vein thrombosis (DVT).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  In the BioSOX study, we investigated whether inflammation markers predict the risk of PTS after DVT.
  
  
  METHODS
  We measured C-reactive protein (CRP), ICAM-1, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-10, at baseline, and 1 month and 6 months after a first proximal DVT, among 803 participants in the SOX trial. Participants were prospectively followed for 24 months for development of PTS.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Median CRP levels at 1 month, ICAM-1 levels at baseline, 1 month and 6 months, IL-6 levels at 1 month and 6 months and IL-10 levels at 6 months were higher in patients who developed PTS than in those who did not. Multivariable regression with the median as a cutoff showed risk ratios (RRs) for PTS of 1.23 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.05-1.45) and 1.25 (95% CI 1.05-1.48) for ICAM-1 at 1 month and 6 months, respectively, and 1.27 (95% CI 1.07-1.51) for IL-10 at 6 months. Quartile-based analysis demonstrated a dose-response association between ICAM-1 and PTS. ICAM-1 and IL-10 were also associated with PTS severity. Analysis of biomarker trajectories after DVT demonstrated an association between the highest-trajectory group of ICAM-1 and PTS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this prospective study, ICAM-1 over time was most consistently associated with the risk of PTS. Further study is required to confirm these findings and assess their potential clinical relevance.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Clinical Epidemiology, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rabinovich
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cushman
authors.forename: P S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Wells
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Rodger
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Kovacs
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Tagalakis
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lazo-Langner
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Solymoss
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Miron
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Yeo
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Schulman
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kassis
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kearon
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Chagnon
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Demers
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hanmiah
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kaatz
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Selby
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rathbun
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Desmarais
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Opatrny
authors.forename: T L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Ortel
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Ginsberg
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Kahn
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D002170:Canada; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000097:blood*; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000097:blood*; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000097:blood; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D016014:Linear Models; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D016017:Odds Ratio; D054070:Postthrombotic Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D053828:Stockings, Compression; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014481:United States; D020246:Venous Thrombosis / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; C573420:ICAM1 protein, human; C508609:IL10 protein, human; C508600:IL6 protein, human; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D015850:Interleukin-6; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; D016753:Interleukin-10; D002097:C-Reactive Protein
keywords: biological markers; deep vein thrombosis; inflammation; postthrombotic syndrome; risk factors