title: Phytochemical and pharmacological study of Ficus palmata growing in Saudi Arabia.
abstract: Phytochemical study of the aerial parts of Ficus palmata utilizing liquid-liquid fractionation and different chromatographic techniques resulted in the isolation of a new isomer of psoralenoside namely, trans-psoralenoside (5) in addition to, one triterpene: germanicol acetate (1), two furanocoumarins: psoralene (2), bergapten (3), one aromatic acid vanillic acid (4) and the flavone glycoside rutin (6). Structures of the isolated compounds were established through physical, 1D- and 2D-NMR and MS data. The total extract and fractions of the plant were examined in vivo for its possible effects as hepatoprotective, nephroprotective, antiulcer and anticoagulant activities in comparison with standard drugs. Hepatoprotective activity was assessed via serum biochemical parameters including aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and total bilirubin. Tissue parameters such as non-protein sulfhydryl groups (NP-SH), malonaldehyde (MDA) and total protein (TP) were also measured. In addition to tissue parameters, nephroprotective effect was evaluated by measuring the serum levels of sodium, potassium, creatinine and urea. Histopathological study for both liver and kidney cells was also conducted. Antiulcer activity was explored by observing stomach lesions after treatment with ethanol. Whole blood clotting time (CT) was taken as a measure for the anticoagulant activity of the extract. Antioxidant activity of the total extract and fractions of the plant was measured using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method and ascorbic acid as standard.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Saleh Ibrahim
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Alqasoumi
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Omer Ahmed
authors.initials: OA
authors.lastname: Basudan
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Adnan Jathlan
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Al-Rehaily
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Salman Bin Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 173, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia ; Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21215, Egypt.
authors.forename: Maged Saad
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Abdel-Kader
keywords: Anticoagulant; Antioxidant; Antiulcer; Ficus palmata; Hepatoprotective; Isolation; Nephroprotective