title: Presence and predictors of persistent pain among persons who sustained an injury in a road traffic crash.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There is a paucity of prospective studies with long follow-up that have examined a wide range of correlates associated with persistent pain outcomes in persons who sustained a mild or moderate injury in a road traffic crash. This study aimed to establish the independent predictors of pain severity over 24 months.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 364, 284 and 252 persons with mild/moderate musculoskeletal injuries sustained in a vehicle-related crash participated in telephone interviews in the subacute phase, and at 12 and 24 months, respectively. The numeric rating scale (NRS) assessed pain severity. Pain-Related Self-Statements Scale-Catastrophizing (PRSS-Catastrophizing) and the Short Form Orebro Musculoskeletal Pain Screening Questionnaire (OMPSQ) were also administered.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After multivariable adjustment, each 1 SD increase in Short Form-12 Physical Component Score (SF-12 PCS) in the subacute phase was associated with 0.73 (p = 0.002) and 1.11 (p < 0.0001) decrease in NRS scores after 12 and 24 months, respectively. Each unit increase in the PRSS-Catastrophizing score in the subacute phase was associated with 0.54 (p = 0.001) and 0.43 (p = 0.03) increase in NRS scores 12 and 24 months later, respectively. Subacute phase OMPSQ scores were positively associated with NRS scores at 12- and 24-month follow-ups (p < 0.0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Self-perceived physical well-being, pain-related work disability and pain catastrophizing could play a role in determining long-term pain-related outcomes following traffic-related injuries.
authors.affiliation: John Walsh Centre for Rehabilitation Studies, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Australia.|Centre for Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology and Westmead Millennium Institute, University of Sydney, Australia.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gopinath
authors.affiliation: John Walsh Centre for Rehabilitation Studies, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Australia.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jagnoor
authors.affiliation: Pain Management Research Institute, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Australia.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nicholas
authors.affiliation: Pain Management Research Institute, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Australia.|School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Australia.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Blyth
authors.affiliation: South Western Sydney Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Liverpool Hospital, Australia.
authors.forename: I A
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Harris
authors.affiliation: John Walsh Centre for Rehabilitation Studies, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Australia.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Casey
authors.affiliation: John Walsh Centre for Rehabilitation Studies, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Australia.
authors.forename: I D
authors.initials: ID
authors.lastname: Cameron
mesh_terms: D000063:Accidents, Traffic; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D058443:Catastrophization / Q000523:psychology; D059350:Chronic Pain / Q000209:etiology* / Q000523:psychology*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D059352:Musculoskeletal Pain / Q000209:etiology; D010147:Pain Measurement; D058748:Pain Perception; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000150:complications*