title: Emerging trends in heart valve engineering: Part I. Solutions for future.
abstract: As the first section of a multi-part review series, this section provides an overview of the ongoing research and development aimed at fabricating novel heart valve replacements beyond what is currently available for patients. Here we discuss heart valve replacement options that involve a biological component or process for creation, either in vitro or in vivo (tissue-engineered heart valves), and heart valves that are fabricated from polymeric material that are considered permanent inert materials that may suffice for adults where growth is not required. Polymeric materials provide opportunities for cost-effective heart valves that can be more easily manufactured and can be easily integrated with artificial heart and ventricular assist device technologies. Tissue engineered heart valves show promise as a regenerative patient specific model that could be the future of all valve replacement. Because tissue-engineered heart valves depend on cells for their creation, understanding how cells sense and respond to chemical and physical stimuli in their microenvironment is critical and therefore, is also reviewed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Edwards Lifesciences Center for Advanced Cardiovascular Technology, University of California, Irvine, 2410 Engineering Hall, Irvine, CA, 92697-2730, USA, arashkh@uci.edu.
authors.forename: Arash
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kheradvar
authors.forename: Elliott M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Groves
authors.forename: Lakshmi P
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Dasi
authors.forename: S Hamed
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Alavi
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tranquillo
authors.forename: K Jane
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Grande-Allen
authors.forename: Craig A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Simmons
authors.forename: Boyce
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Griffith
authors.forename: Ahmad
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Falahatpisheh
authors.forename: Craig J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Goergen
authors.forename: Mohammad R K
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Mofrad
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Baaijens
authors.forename: Stephen H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Little
authors.forename: Suncica
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Canic
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001705:Bioprosthesis; D060833:Cellular Microenvironment; D006350:Heart Valve Prosthesis; D006354:Heart, Artificial; D006801:Humans; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods / Q000639:trends