title: The effect of interface microstructure on interfacial shear strength for osteochondral scaffolds based on biomimetic design and 3D printing.
abstract: Interface integration between chondral phase and osseous phase is crucial in engineered osteochondral scaffolds. However, the integration was poorly understood and commonly failed to meet the need of osteochondral scaffolds. In this paper, a biphasic polyethylene glycol (PEG)/β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) scaffold with enhanced interfacial integration was developed. The chondral phase was a PEG hydrogel. The osseous phase was a β-TCP ceramic scaffold. The PEG hydrogel was directly cured on the ceramic interface layer by layer to fabricate osteochondral scaffolds by 3D printing technology. Meanwhile, a series of interface structure were designed with different interface pore area percentages (0/10/20/30/40/50/60%), and interfacial shear test was applied for interface structure optimization (n=6 samples/group). The interfacial shear strength of 30% pore area group was nearly three folds improved compared with that of 0% pore area percentage group, and more than fifty folds improved compared with that of traditional integration (5.91±0.59 kPa). In conclusion, the biomimetic PEG/β-TCP scaffolds with interface structure enhanced integration show promising potential application for osteochondral tissue engineering.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China; The First Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China; Department of Joint Surgery, Hong Hui Hospital, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
authors.forename: Weijie
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China. Electronic address: lqiamt@mail.xjtu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Qin
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Lian
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
authors.forename: Dichen
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: The First Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
authors.forename: Kunzheng
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Spine Surgery, Hong Hui Hospital, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
authors.forename: Dingjun
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hao
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China; Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
authors.forename: Weiguo
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Bian
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China; Institute of Medical and Biological Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
authors.forename: Zhongmin
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Jin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D040761:Biomimetic Materials / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002516:Ceramics; D019902:Chondrocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects*; D020136:Hydrogel, Polyethylene Glycol Dimethacrylate; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D066330:Printing, Three-Dimensional; D011817:Rabbits; D033081:Shear Strength; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D020136:Hydrogel, Polyethylene Glycol Dimethacrylate; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols
keywords: 3D printing; Biphasic scaffold; Ceramic; Interface; Interfacial shear strength; Microstructure