title: Risk of imported Ebola virus disease in China.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  More than 600,000 annual arrivals from Africa, 1.4 billion population and developing health care systems render China at non-negligible risk of imported Ebola virus disease (EVD).
  
  
  METHODS
  According to the natural history of EVD, we constructed a deterministic SEIR model. Three published EVD outbreaks in Africa were enrolled to calculate the basic reproduction number (R0) of EVD. Scenarios representing unreported and reported (with n weeks delay) imported EVD in China were simulated to evaluate the effectiveness of interventions assumed to be implemented in different periods of the outbreaks.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Based on previous Africa outbreak incidence datasets, our mathematical model predicted the basic reproduction number of EVD in the range of 1.53-3.54. Adopting EVD prevalence at 0.04-0.16% from the same datasets and estimated missing information and monitoring rates at 1-10%, a total of 6-194 imported cases were predicted. Be a single case left unidentified/unreported, total attack rate was predicted to reach 60.19%-96.74%. Curve fitting results showed that earlier intervention benefits in exponential and linear decrease in prevalence and duration of outbreak respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Based on past outbreak experience in China, there is a need to implement an internet-based surveillance and monitoring system in order to reinforce health policy, track suspected cases and protect the general public by timely interventions.
authors.affiliation: Changsha Center for Disease Control and Prevention, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Tianmu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Stanley Ho Centre for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region. Electronic address: ross@cuhk.edu.hk.
authors.forename: Ross
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ka-Kit Leung
authors.affiliation: Changsha Center for Disease Control and Prevention, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Ruchun
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Changsha Center for Disease Control and Prevention, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Faming
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Changsha Center for Disease Control and Prevention, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xixing
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Changsha Center for Disease Control and Prevention, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Changsha Center for Disease Control and Prevention, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Shuilian
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000349:Africa / Q000453:epidemiology; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D003198:Computer Simulation; D004196:Disease Outbreaks / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D029043:Ebolavirus; D019142:Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000635:transmission; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D015233:Models, Statistical; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000379:methods*
keywords: Effectiveness; Evaluation; Imported risk; Isolation; Mathematical model