title: Phylogeny, identification and nomenclature of the genus Aspergillus.
abstract: Aspergillus comprises a diverse group of species based on morphological, physiological and phylogenetic characters, which significantly impact biotechnology, food production, indoor environments and human health. Aspergillus was traditionally associated with nine teleomorph genera, but phylogenetic data suggest that together with genera such as Polypaecilum, Phialosimplex, Dichotomomyces and Cristaspora, Aspergillus forms a monophyletic clade closely related to Penicillium. Changes in the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi and plants resulted in the move to one name per species, meaning that a decision had to be made whether to keep Aspergillus as one big genus or to split it into several smaller genera. The International Commission of Penicillium and Aspergillus decided to keep Aspergillus instead of using smaller genera. In this paper, we present the arguments for this decision. We introduce new combinations for accepted species presently lacking an Aspergillus name and provide an updated accepted species list for the genus, now containing 339 species. To add to the scientific value of the list, we include information about living ex-type culture collection numbers and GenBank accession numbers for available representative ITS, calmodulin, β-tubulin and RPB2 sequences. In addition, we recommend a standard working technique for Aspergillus and propose calmodulin as a secondary identification marker.
authors.affiliation: CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, NL-3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Samson
authors.affiliation: CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, NL-3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Visagie
authors.affiliation: CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, NL-3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Houbraken
authors.affiliation: Korean Agricultural Culture Collection, National Academy of Agricultural Science, RDA, Suwon, South Korea.
authors.forename: S-B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.affiliation: Department of Botany, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Hubka
authors.affiliation: Medical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, C70 Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, 532 SZ Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: C H W
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Klaassen
authors.affiliation: Institute of Sciences of Food Production National Research Council, 70126 Bari, Italy.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Perrone
authors.affiliation: Biodiversity (Mycology), Eastern Cereal and Oilseed Research Centre, Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada.
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Seifert
authors.affiliation: Institute of Sciences of Food Production National Research Council, 70126 Bari, Italy.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Susca
authors.affiliation: Biodiversity (Mycology), Eastern Cereal and Oilseed Research Centre, Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada.
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Tanney
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Varga
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kocsubé
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Szigeti
authors.affiliation: Medical Mycology Research Center, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8673, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yaguchi
authors.affiliation: Department of Systems Biology, Building 221, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Frisvad
keywords: Fungal identification; Media; Nomenclature; Phylogeny