title: Bioconversion of α-pinene by a novel cold-adapted fungus Chrysosporium pannorum.
abstract: The psychrotrophic fungus Chrysosporium pannorum A-1 is reported for the first time as a novel biocatalyst for O2-promoted oxidation of α-pinene. GC-MS analysis indicated that the main products of the reaction were compounds of a high commercial value, verbenol (1) and verbenone (2). Exponentially growing cells (days 2-3) were about twice as active as cells in the late stationary phase in terms of the total concentration of products. The highest yields of 1 and 2 were obtained using three-day and two-day-old mycelia and a medium containing 1.5 and 1 % (v/v) of the substrate, respectively. The optimal time for the bioconversion of α-pinene varied from 1 to 3 days, and depended on the kind of product desired. Most of 1 was produced at a relatively high concentration of 360 mg/L after the first six hours of α-pinene bioconversion [with an average yield of 69 mg/(g dry cell L aqueous phase)]. The oxidative activity of C. pannorum was identified across a wide temperature range of 5-25 °C, 10 °C being the optimum for the production of 1 and 20 °C for the production of 2. Sequential addition of the substrate during 3 days of the biotransformation resulted in a significant increase in 1 and 2 up to 722 and 176 mg/L, respectively, and a 2-fold enhancement of product yield as compared to bioconversion with a single supply of α-pinene. The concentration of total conversion products in the culture medium reached 1.33 g/L [which corresponded product yield of 225 mg/(g dry cell L)]. This represents probably the most promising result reported to date for oxidative biotransformation of α-pinene by a wild-type microorganism.
authors.affiliation: Department of Industrial Microbiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka St. 19, 20-033, Lublin, Poland, mtrytek1@tlen.pl.
authors.forename: Mariusz
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Trytek
authors.forename: Krzysztof
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Jędrzejewski
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fiedurek
mesh_terms: D000081008:Bicyclic Monoterpenes; D001711:Biotransformation; D002912:Chrysosporium / Q000378:metabolism*; D003080:Cold Temperature; D003470:Culture Media / Q000737:chemistry; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D039821:Monoterpenes / Q000378:metabolism*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D013729:Terpenes / Q000378:metabolism; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000081008:Bicyclic Monoterpenes; D003470:Culture Media; D039821:Monoterpenes; D013729:Terpenes; D014867:Water; C052875:verbenone; C009951:verbenol; C005451:alpha-pinene