title: Arginine deprivation in cancer therapy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  There has been an increased and renewed interest in metabolic therapy for cancer, particularly Arg deprivation. The purpose of this review is to highlight recent studies that focus on Arg-dependent malignancies with Arginine (Arg)-degrading enzymes, including arginase and Arg deiminase.
  
  
  RESULTS
  New developments in this area include understanding of the role of most significantly downregulated gene regulating amino acid metabolism, argininosuccinate synthetase and its expression and therapeutic relevance in different tumors. Recent studies have also shed light on the mechanism of tumor cell death with Arg deprivation, with arginase and pegylated Arg deiminase. Particularly important is understanding the mechanism of resistance that cancers develop after such drug exposure. Finally, recent clinical trials have been performed or are ongoing to use Arg deprivation as treatment for advanced malignancies.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Arg deprivation is a promising approach for the treatment of various malignancies.
authors.affiliation: aSylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, Florida bDepartment of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD, Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas cSylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, VA Medical Center, Miami, Florida, USA.
authors.forename: Lynn G
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Feun
authors.forename: Macus Tien
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Kuo
authors.forename: Niramol
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Savaraj
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001119:Arginase / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001120:Arginine / Q000378:metabolism*; D001124:Argininosuccinate Synthase / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D006867:Hydrolases / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D001120:Arginine; D006867:Hydrolases; D001119:Arginase; C512527:ADI PEG20; C019723:arginine deiminase; D001124:Argininosuccinate Synthase