title: Distribution of cholecystokinin-B receptor genotype between patients with pancreatic cancer and controls and its impact on survival.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Cholecystokinin (CCK) and gastrin stimulate growth of pancreatic cancer through the CCK-B receptor (CCK-BR). A splice variant of the CCK-BR that results from a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) has been identified. Because the splice variant receptor has an extended third intracellular loop, an area involved in cell signaling and growth, we hypothesized that this genetic variant could contribute to the poor prognosis and short survival of this malignancy.
  
  
  METHODS
  DNA from 931 patients with pancreatic cancer was evaluated for the SNP (C > A; rs1800843) in the CCK-BR gene. For statistical analysis, the Fisher exact test was used to compare the genotype and allele frequency between the cancer cohort and normal controls and the dependence of genotype on factors, such as stage of disease and age, was analyzed using Cox proportional hazards models.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared to the normal cohort, the frequency of the A-allele in pancreatic cancer subjects was increased (P = 0.01123; odds ratio, 2.283). Even after adjustment for stage of disease, survival of subjects with the minor allele was significantly shorter than those with the wild-genotype (hazard ratio, 1.83; P = 3.11 × 10(-11)).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The CCK-BR SNP predicts survival and should be studied as a candidate genetic biomarker for those at risk of pancreatic cancer.
authors.affiliation: From the *Department of Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington, DC; †Department of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, Hershey; ‡Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh; §University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh; Departments of ∥Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and ¶Public Health Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, Hershey, PA; and #Department of Epidemiology, University of Texas at MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX.
authors.forename: Jill P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: David C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Whitcomb
authors.forename: Gail L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Matters
authors.forename: Randall E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Brand
authors.forename: Jiangang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liao
authors.forename: Yu-Jing
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Marsha L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Frazier
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000235:genetics*; D021441:Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal / Q000235:genetics* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D010641:Phenotype; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D043887:Receptor, Cholecystokinin B / Q000235:genetics*; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D043887:Receptor, Cholecystokinin B