title: The swimmeret system of crayfish: a practical guide for the dissection of the nerve cord and extracellular recordings of the motor pattern.
abstract: Here we demonstrate the dissection of the crayfish abdominal nerve cord. The preparation comprises the last two thoracic ganglia (T4, T5) and the chain of abdominal ganglia (A1 to A6). This chain of ganglia includes the part of the central nervous system (CNS) that drives coordinated locomotion of the pleopods (swimmerets): the swimmeret system. It is known for over five decades that in crayfish each swimmeret is driven by its own independent pattern generating kernel that generates rhythmic alternating activity . The motor neurons innervating the musculature of each swimmeret comprise two anatomically and functionally distinct populations. One is responsible for the retraction (power stroke, PS) of the swimmeret. The other drives the protraction (return stroke, RS) of the swimmeret. Motor neurons of the swimmeret system are able to produce spontaneously a fictive motor pattern, which is identical to the pattern recorded in vivo. The aim of this report is to introduce an interesting and convenient model system for studying rhythm generating networks and coordination of independent microcircuits for students' practical laboratory courses. The protocol provided includes step-by-step instructions for the dissection of the crayfish's abdominal nerve cord, pinning of the isolated chain of ganglia, desheathing the ganglia and recording the swimmerets fictive motor pattern extracellularly from the isolated nervous system. Additionally, we can monitor the activity of swimmeret neurons recorded intracellularly from dendrites. Here we also describe briefly these techniques and provide some examples. Furthermore, the morphology of swimmeret neurons can be assessed using various staining techniques. Here we provide examples of intracellular (by iontophoresis) dye filled neurons and backfills of pools of swimmeret motor neurons. In our lab we use this preparation to study basic functions of fictive locomotion, the effect of sensory feedback on the activity of the CNS, and coordination between microcircuits on a cellular level.
authors.affiliation: Emmy Noether Group, Institute of Zoology, University of Cologne.
authors.forename: Henriette A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Seichter
authors.affiliation: Emmy Noether Group, Institute of Zoology, University of Cologne.
authors.forename: Felix
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Blumenthal
authors.affiliation: Emmy Noether Group, Institute of Zoology, University of Cologne; carmen.wellmann@uni-koeln.de.
authors.forename: Carmen R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Smarandache-Wellmann
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003400:Astacoidea / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000502:physiology; D004210:Dissection / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005724:Ganglia / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000502:physiology / Q000601:surgery; D008124:Locomotion / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D009046:Motor Neurons / Q000166:cytology* / Q000502:physiology; D009417:Nerve Tissue / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology / Q000601:surgery; D009434:Neural Pathways / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology / Q000601:surgery; D013550:Swimming / Q000502:physiology