title: Gene expression of protein-coding and non-coding RNAs related to polyembryogenesis in the parasitic wasp, Copidosoma floridanum.
abstract: Polyembryony is a unique form of development in which many embryos are clonally produced from a single egg. Polyembryony is known to occur in many animals, but the underlying genetic mechanism responsible is unknown. In a parasitic wasp, Copidosoma floridanum, polyembryogenesis is initiated during the formation and division of the morula. In the present study, cDNA libraries were constructed from embryos at the cleavage and subsequent primary morula stages, times when polyembryogenesis is likely to be controlled genetically. Of 182 and 263 cDNA clones isolated from these embryos, 38% and 70%, respectively, were very similar to protein-coding genes obtained from BLAST analysis and 55 and 65 clones, respectively, were stage-specific. In our libraries we also detected a high frequency of long non-coding RNA. Some of these showed stage-specific expression patterns in reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) analysis. The stage-specificity of expression implies that these protein-coding and non-coding genes are related to polyembryogenesis in C. floridanum. The non-coding genes are not similar to any known non-coding RNAs and so are good candidates as regulators of polyembryogenesis.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Science and Technology, and Department of Mathematical and Systems Engineering, Shizuoka University, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan; Department of Environmental and Forest Biology, State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, New York, United States of America; Marine Biosystems Research Center, Chiba University, Kamogawa, Chiba, Japan.
authors.forename: Jin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yoshimura
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Kikuo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Iwabuchi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D017124:Conserved Sequence; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D019476:Insect Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D058977:Molecular Sequence Annotation; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D062085:RNA, Long Noncoding / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D014863:Wasps / Q000196:embryology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D019476:Insect Proteins; D062085:RNA, Long Noncoding; D012333:RNA, Messenger