title: Physical and neurodevelopmental outcomes in children with single-ventricle circulation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate longer-term physical and neurodevelopmental outcomes of patients with hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) compared with other patients with functionally single-ventricle circulation surviving beyond the age of 10 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective, observational study from a UK tertiary centre for paediatric cardiology.
  
  
  RESULTS
  58 patients with HLHS and 44 non-HLHS patients with single-ventricle physiology were included. Subjective reduction in exercise tolerance was reported in 72% (95% CI 61% to 84%) of patients with HLHS and 45% (31% to 60%) non-HLHS patients. Compared with non-HLHS patients, educational concerns were reported more frequently in patients with HLHS, 41% (29% to 54%) vs 23% (10% to 35%), as was a diagnosis of a behaviour disorder (autism or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder) 12% (4% to 21%) vs 0%, and referral to other specialist services 67% (55% to 79%) vs 48% (33% to 63%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Within a group of young people with complex congenital heart disease, those with HLHS are likely to have worse physical, psychological and educational outcomes.
authors.affiliation: King's College London School of Medicine, London, UK.
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Davidson
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatric Neurology, Evelina London Children's Hospital, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Fiundation Trust, London, UK.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gringras
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatric Neurology, Evelina London Children's Hospital, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Fiundation Trust, London, UK.
authors.forename: Charlie
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fairhurst
authors.affiliation: Department of Congenital Heart Disease, Evelina London Children's Hospital, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Fiundation Trust, London, UK.
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Simpson
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002653:Child Behavior Disorders / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology; D002657:Child Development; D005260:Female; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000002:abnormalities*; D006801:Humans; D018636:Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology; D008297:Male; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000502:physiology*; D012017:Referral and Consultation; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D062606:Tertiary Care Centers; D006113:United Kingdom
keywords: Cardiac Surgery; Cardiology; Neurodevelopment; Patient perspective