title: Vitamin E transporters in cancer therapy.
abstract: Besides their potent antioxidant activity, vitamin E isoforms demonstrated multiple therapeutic activities among which is their activity against different cancer types, including breast, prostate, and colon cancers. However, the activity of vitamin E isoforms is limited by their low bioavailability following oral administration. In addition to the low solubility, vitamin E isoforms have been established as substrates for several intestinal and hepatic transport proteins. In this review, we present reported anticancer activity of vitamin E family members and the possible utilization of vitamin E and derivatives as chemosensitizers to reverse multidrug resistance when given as part of a delivery system and/or in combination with anticancer therapeutic drugs. Then, the review discusses disposition of vitamin E members and transport proteins that play a role in determining their systemic bioavailability followed by recent advances in vitamin E formulations and delivery strategies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, 1800 Bienville Dr., Monroe, Louisiana, 71201, USA.
authors.forename: Saeed
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Alqahtani
authors.forename: Amal
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kaddoumi
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D001682:Biological Availability; D001692:Biological Transport; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; D006801:Humans; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D012995:Solubility; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins; D014810:Vitamin E