title: Bioremediation of dyes by fungi isolated from contaminated dye effluent sites for bio-usability.
abstract: Biodegradation and detoxification of dyes, Malachite green, Nigrosin and Basic fuchsin have been carried out using two fungal isolates Aspergillus niger, and Phanerochaete chrysosporium, isolated from dye effluent soil. Three methods were selected for biodegradation, viz. agar overlay and liquid media methods; stationary and shaking conditions at 25 °C. Aspergillus niger recorded maximum decolorization of the dye Basic fuchsin (81.85%) followed by Nigrosin (77.47%), Malachite green (72.77%) and dye mixture (33.08%) under shaking condition. Whereas, P. chrysosporium recorded decolorization to the maximum with the Nigrosin (90.15%) followed by Basic fuchsin (89.8%), Malachite green (83.25%) and mixture (78.4%). The selected fungal strains performed better under shaking conditions compared to stationary method; moreover the inoculation of fungus also brought the pH of the dye solutions to neutral from acidic. Seed germination bioassay study exhibited that when inoculated dye solutions were used, seed showed germination while uninoculated dyes inhibited germination even after four days of observation. Similarly, microbial growth was also inhibited by uninoculated dyes. The excellent performance of A. niger and P. chrysporium in the biodegradation of textile dyes of different chemical structures suggests and reinforces the potential of these fungi for environmental decontamination.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Division of Biosciences College of Applied Education & Health Sciences Meerut India Department of Biochemistry, Division of Biosciences, College of Applied Education & Health Sciences, Meerut, India.
authors.forename: Babita
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Rani
authors.affiliation: Amity Institute of Microbial Technology AMITY University Noida India Amity Institute of Microbial Technology, AMITY University, Noida, India.
authors.forename: Vivek
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Division of Biosciences College of Applied Education & Health Sciences Meerut India Department of Biotechnology, Division of Biosciences, College of Applied Education & Health Sciences, Meerut, India.
authors.forename: Jagvijay
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology Uttrakhand University of Horticulture & Forestry Bharsar India Department of Microbiology, Uttrakhand University of Horticulture & Forestry, Bharsar, India.
authors.forename: Sandeep
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bisht
authors.affiliation: Department of Botany Meerut College Meerut India Department of Botany, Meerut College, Meerut, India.
authors.forename: Priyanku
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Teotia
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology MLN National Institute of Technology Allahabad India Department of Biotechnology, MLN National Institute of Technology, Allahabad, India.
authors.forename: Shivesh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Division of Biosciences College of Applied Education & Health Sciences Meerut India Department of Biochemistry, Division of Biosciences, College of Applied Education & Health Sciences, Meerut, India.
authors.forename: Ritu
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kela
mesh_terms: D000814:Aniline Compounds / Q000378:metabolism; D001234:Aspergillus niger / Q000254:growth & development / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D001711:Biotransformation; D004396:Coloring Agents / Q000378:metabolism*; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007220:Industrial Waste; D020075:Phanerochaete / Q000254:growth & development / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D012394:Rosaniline Dyes / Q000378:metabolism; D012988:Soil Microbiology; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D000814:Aniline Compounds; D004396:Coloring Agents; D007220:Industrial Waste; D012394:Rosaniline Dyes; C005095:malachite green; C025485:basic fuchsin; C002712:nigrosin
keywords: bioremediation; dyes; fungi; microbial bioassay; seed germination