title: Antistreptokinase antibodies and outcome of fibrinolytic therapy with streptokinase for left-sided prosthetic valve thrombosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Left-sided prosthetic valve thrombosis (PVT) is a serious complication of valve replacement. In developing countries, fibrinolysis with streptokinase (SK) is often used as the first line of treatment. Anti-streptokinase (anti-SK) antibodies are widely prevalent in the general population, but their effect on the efficacy and outcome of fibrinolysis with SK in patients with PVT is not known.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with rheumatic heart disease and prosthetic valve replacement presenting with a first episode of left-sided PVT were enrolled. All patients underwent fibrinolysis with SK. An indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect anti-SK antibodies before fibrinolysis. Relationship of these antibodies to the outcome of fibrinolysis was evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Forty-four patients treated for left-sided PVT were included. Thrombosis affected 33 mitral and 11 aortic prosthetic valves. On fibrinolysis with SK, 32 (73%) patients achieved complete success, whereas it was unsuccessful in the remaining 12 patients. There were 3 bleeding events, 1 stroke, and 3 deaths. Mean anti-SK antibody levels were not significantly different between patients who had complete success and those who did not (8.81 ± 2.43 vs 7.67 ± 1.26 Au/mL; P = .13) and did not correlate with the outcome after adjustment with other variables. Patients in New York Heart Association class III or IV had a greater chance of failed fibrinolytic therapy, even after adjustment for other prognostic variables (odds ratio 9.0; 95% CI 1.29-63.02; P = .027).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Anti-SK antibody titers are not associated with success of fibrinolytic therapy using SK in patients with left-sided PVT.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Sandeep
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Shrenik
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Doshi
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Salman
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Salahuddin
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiac Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Mohamad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tarik
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Parag
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Barwad
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiac Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Lakshmy
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ramakrishnan
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India. Electronic address: ramaaiims@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Sivasubramanian
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ramakrishnan
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Ganesan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Karthikeyan
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Balram
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bhargava
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Vinay K
authors.initials: VK
authors.lastname: Bahl
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000906:Antibodies / Q000032:analysis*; D005260:Female; D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006350:Heart Valve Prosthesis; D019918:Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D013300:Streptokinase / Q000276:immunology* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015912:Thrombolytic Therapy; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000906:Antibodies; D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents; D013300:Streptokinase