title: Characterization of aqueous phase from the hydrothermal liquefaction of Chlorella pyrenoidosa.
abstract: This study investigated the characteristics of aqueous phase from hydrothermal liquefaction of low-lipid microalgae Chlorella pyrenoidosa. The interactions of operating conditions, including reaction temperature, retention time and total solid ratio were evaluated by response surface methodology. The chemical oxygen demand, total nitrogen and total phosphorus were selected as indicators of the property of AP. Results indicated that total solid ratio was found to be the dominant factor affecting the nutrient recovery efficiencies of AP. Based on energy recovery, GC-MS indicated that the AP at two optimized operating conditions (280 °C, 60 min, 35 wt.% and 300 °C, 60 min, 25 wt.%) were observed to have a higher concentration of organic acids (10.35% and 8.34%) while the sample (260 °C, 30 min, 35 wt.%) was observed to have the highest concentration of N&O-heterocyclic compounds (36.16%).
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuangqing Road, Beijing 100085, PR China.
authors.forename: Chao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gai
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA. Electronic address: yzhang1@illinois.edu.
authors.forename: Yuanhui
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
authors.forename: Wan-Ting
authors.initials: WT
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
authors.forename: Lance
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Schideman
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
authors.forename: Peng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Department of Food Engineering, University of Sao Paulo, 225, Duque de Caxias Norte, Pirassununga, Sao Paulo 13635-900, Brazil.
authors.forename: Giovana
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tommaso
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
authors.forename: Chih-Ting
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Kuo
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, PR China.
authors.forename: Yuping
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Dong
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D057919:Biological Oxygen Demand Analysis; D001709:Biotechnology / Q000379:methods*; D002708:Chlorella / Q000378:metabolism*; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000032:analysis; D010758:Phosphorus / Q000032:analysis; D013696:Temperature; D014867:Water / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D014867:Water; D010758:Phosphorus; D009584:Nitrogen
keywords: Aqueous product; Hydrothermal liquefaction; Low-lipid algae; Nitrogen recovery; Nutrient