title: Cortical activity differs during nicotine deprivation versus satiation in heavy smokers.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Research suggests that nicotine deprivation among smokers is associated with lesser resting cortical activity (i.e., greater power density in theta and alpha-1 EEG bands and lesser power in beta bands). These changes in cortical activity may be indicative of withdrawal-related cognitive deficits, yet the markers of differences in cortical activity are not well-established.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objective of the study was to clarify the EEG frequency bands affected by nicotine deprivation and assess prospective moderators.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred twenty-four heavy smokers visited the laboratory on two occasions following overnight smoking/nicotine deprivation. Prior to collecting 3 min of resting EEG data, participants smoked two very low nicotine cigarettes (<0.05 mg nicotine yield) at one session and two moderate nicotine cigarettes (0.60 mg nicotine yield) at the other.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Theta and alpha-1 band (4-7 and 8-10 Hz) was greater in the very low nicotine (deprivation) relative to higher nicotine (satiation) condition. There were no condition differences in the beta-1 and beta-2 bands (14-20 and 21-30 Hz).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Greater slow wave resting EEG may serve as a reliable marker of decreased cortical activity during smoking deprivation and, in turn, of withdrawal-related deficits in cognitive functioning. This research may inform the development of adjunct strategies for smoking cessation.
authors.affiliation: Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA, david.evans@moffitt.org.
authors.forename: David E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Evans
authors.forename: Steven K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Sutton
authors.forename: Jason A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Oliver
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Drobes
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000513:Alpha Rhythm / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D001611:Beta Rhythm / Q000502:physiology; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000187:drug effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009538:Nicotine / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012907:Smoking / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology; D016540:Smoking Cessation / Q000523:psychology*; D013375:Substance Withdrawal Syndrome / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology*; D013826:Theta Rhythm / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D014029:Tobacco Use Disorder / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D009538:Nicotine