title: Reduction of teat skin mastitis pathogen loads: differences between strains, dips, and contact times.
abstract: The purpose of these experiments was to (1) assess differences in mastitis pathogen strain sensitivities to teat disinfectants (teat dips), and (2) determine the optimum time for premilking teat dips to remain in contact with teat skin to reduce pathogen loads on teat skin. Two experiments were conducted using the excised teat model. In experiment 1, the differences in mastitis pathogen strain sensitivities to 4 commercially available dips (dip A: 1% H2O2; dip B: 1% chlorine dioxide; dip C: 1% iodophor; and dip D: 0.5% iodophor) were evaluated. Four strains of 11 common mastitis pathogens (Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae, Mycoplasma bovis, Streptococcus dysgalactiae, Streptococcus uberis, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus chromogenes, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus hyicus, Staphylococcus xylosus, and Staphylococcus haemolyticus) were tested. In experiment 2, the percentage log reduction of mastitis pathogens (Escherichia coli, Streptococcus uberis, Streptococcus dysgalactiae, Klebsiella species, Staphylococcus chromogenes, Staphylococcus haemolyticus, Staphylococcus xylosus, and Staphylococcus epidermidis) on teat skin with 3 commercially available teat dips: dip A; dip D; and dip E: 0.25% iodophor, using dip contact times of 15, 30, and 45 s, was evaluated. Experiment 1 results indicated significant differences in strain sensitivities to dips within pathogen species: Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus chromogenes, and Streptococcus uberis. Species differences were also found where Mycoplasma bovis (97.9% log reduction) was the most sensitive to tested teat dips and Staphylococcus haemolyticus (71.4% log reduction) the most resistant. Experiment 2 results indicated that contact times of 30 and 45 s were equally effective in reducing recovered bacteria for dips D and E and were also significantly more effective than a 15-s contact time. No differences were seen in recovered bacteria between tested contact times after treatment with dip A. It can be concluded that different mastitis pathogen species and strains within species may possess different sensitivities to teat dips, which may have implications in selection of teat dips on dairies. Furthermore, a 30-s premilking dip contact time for iodophors and 15 s for H2O2 dips may be optimal in reducing pathogen load in the shortest amount of time. A reduction in premilking teat dip contact time may improve milking parlor efficiency.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman 99164.
authors.forename: B D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Enger
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman 99164; Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman 99164. Electronic address: fox@wsu.edu.
authors.forename: L K
authors.initials: LK
authors.lastname: Fox
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman 99164.
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Gay
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman 99164.
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Johnson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D058491:Bacterial Load / Q000187:drug effects*; D002417:Cattle; D017606:Chlorine Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008321:Mammary Glands, Animal / Q000187:drug effects / Q000382:microbiology*; D008414:Mastitis, Bovine / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D010087:Oxides / Q000008:administration & dosage; D012459:Salicylates; D012867:Skin / Q000382:microbiology; D013045:Species Specificity; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections / Q000662:veterinary; D013210:Staphylococcus / Q000187:drug effects; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects; D013290:Streptococcal Infections / Q000662:veterinary; D013291:Streptococcus / Q000187:drug effects; D013292:Streptococcus agalactiae; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local; D017606:Chlorine Compounds; D010087:Oxides; D012459:Salicylates; C067227:3,5-diisopropylsalicylic acid; C025109:chlorine dioxide; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide
keywords: Mycoplasma bovis; contact time; excised teat model; teat disinfectant