title: da Vinci robotic partial nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma: an atlas of the four-arm technique.
abstract: da Vinci robotic surgery is becoming a standard alternative to open and laparoscopic surgical techniques. Robotic partial nephrectomy has been described in limited numbers. In this article, a surgical atlas of the transperitoneal four-arm approach to robotic partial nephrectomy is outlined. Surgical pearls, pitfalls, and limitations are reviewed.
authors.affiliation: Division of Urology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, Box 8242, Saint Louis, MO 63110 USA.
authors.forename: Sam B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Bhayani
keywords: Laparoscopic partial nephrectomy; Partial nephrectomy; Robotic partial nephrectomy