title: A new maximum color contrast sensitivity test for detecting early changes of visual function in age-related macular degeneration.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the association between age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and color perception established by the Farnsworth-Munsell 100 hue (F-M 100) and maximum color contrast sensitivity (MCCS) tests.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a case-control study, which comprised of 100 patients with AMD and 100 healthy controls. To test visual acuity (VA), a typical Snellen chart was used. The computerized F-M 100 and MCCS programs were used for color discrimination.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results of VA, and the F-M 100 and MCCS tests in the healthy controls were statistically significantly better than in the patients with AMD (1.0 vs. 0.82±0.16, P=0.005; 87.39±24.11 vs. 185.39±74.43, P=0.005; 1.33±1.17 vs. 1.96±0.46, P=0.005, respectively). When VA was 1.0 in patients with AMD, the total error scores of the F-M 100 test and MCCS test compared with healthy persons were even worse (166.09±66.57 vs. 87.39±24.11, P=0.002; 1.67±0.92 vs. 1.33±1.17, P=0.001, respectively). Analysis of the results of patients with AMD compared to healthy controls showed the highest error score in the blue color range.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of the color contrast sensitivity test decreased by half in patients with AMD compared with ophthalmologically healthy patients when they performed the F-M 100 test and by one and half when they performed a MCCS test in the blue color range.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania; Neuroscience Institute, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania. Electronic address: rliutkeviciene@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Rasa
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Liutkevičienė
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania.
authors.forename: Džastina
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cebatorienė
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania.
authors.forename: Dalia
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zaliūnienė
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania.
authors.forename: Rita
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lukauskienė
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania.
authors.forename: Vytautas
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Jašinskas
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003118:Color Perception; D015350:Contrast Sensitivity; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008268:Macular Degeneration / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged
keywords: Age-related macular degeneration; Color vision; Farnsworth–Munsell 100 hue test; Visual acuity