title: Folding analytical devices for electrochemical ELISA in hydrophobic R(H) paper.
abstract: This work describes a device for electrochemical enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) designed for low-resource settings and diagnostics at the point of care. The device is fabricated entirely in hydrophobic paper, produced by silanization of paper with decyl trichlorosilane, and comprises two zones separated by a central crease: an embossed microwell, on the surface of which the antigen or antibody immobilization and recognition events occur, and a detection zone where the electrodes are printed. The two zones are brought in contact by folding the device along this central crease; the analytical signal is recorded from the folded configuration. Two proof-of-concept applications, an electrochemical direct ELISA for the detection of rabbit IgG as a model antigen in buffer and an electrochemical sandwich ELISA for the detection of malarial histidine-rich protein from Plasmodium falciparum (Pf HRP2) in spiked human serum, show the versatility of this device. The limit of detection of the electrochemical sandwich ELISA for the quantification of Pf HRP2 in spiked human serum was 4 ng mL(-1) (10(2) pmol L(-1)), a value within the range of clinically relevant concentrations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University , Cambridge Massachusetts 01238, United States.
authors.forename: Ana C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Glavan
authors.forename: Dionysios C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Christodouleas
authors.forename: Bobak
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Mosadegh
authors.forename: Hai Dong
authors.initials: HD
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Barbara S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Joshua
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lessing
authors.forename: M Teresa
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Fernández-Abedul
authors.forename: George M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Whitesides
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000913:Antibodies, Protozoan / Q000097:blood; D003124:Colorimetry; D004563:Electrochemistry / Q000295:instrumentation*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / Q000295:instrumentation*; D006801:Humans; D057927:Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; D055767:Immobilized Proteins / Q000737:chemistry*; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood; D057230:Limit of Detection; D016778:Malaria, Falciparum / Q000175:diagnosis; D010209:Paper; D010963:Plasmodium falciparum; D011506:Proteins / Q000737:chemistry; D011817:Rabbits
chemical_list: D000913:Antibodies, Protozoan; D055767:Immobilized Proteins; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D011506:Proteins