title: Spatially resolved sampling reveals dynamic microbial communities in rising hydrothermal plumes across a back-arc basin.
abstract: Within hydrothermal plumes, chemosynthetic processes and microbe-mineral interactions drive primary productivity in deep-ocean food webs and may influence transport of elements such as iron. However, the source of microorganisms in plumes and the factors governing how these communities assemble are poorly understood, in part due to lack of data from early stages of plume formation. In this study, we examined microbial community composition of rising hydrothermal plumes from five vent fields along the Eastern Lau Spreading Center. Seafloor and plume microbial communities were significantly dissimilar and shared few phylotypes. Plume communities were highly similar to each other with significant differences in community membership only between Kilo Moana and Mariner, two vents that are separated by extremes in depth, latitude and geochemistry. Systematic sampling of waters surrounding the vents revealed that species richness and phylogenetic diversity was typically highest near the vent orifice, implying mixing of microbial communities from the surrounding habitats. Above-plume background communities were primarily dominated by SAR11, SAR324 and MG-I Archaea, while SUP05, Sulfurovum, Sulfurimonas, SAR324 and Alteromonas were abundant in plume and near-bottom background communities. These results show that the ubiquitous water-column microorganisms populate plume communities, and that the composition of background seawater exerts primary influence on plume community composition, with secondary influence from geochemical and/or physical properties of vents. Many of these pervasive deep-ocean organisms are capable of lithotrophy, suggesting that they are poised to use inorganic electron donors encountered in hydrothermal plumes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
authors.forename: Cody S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Sheik
authors.affiliation: Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
authors.forename: Karthik
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Anantharaman
authors.affiliation: Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, USA.
authors.forename: John A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Breier
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Jason B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Sylvan
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Katrina J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Edwards
authors.affiliation: 1] Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Ann Arbor, MI, USA [2] Center for Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, Ann Arbor, MI, USA [3] Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
authors.forename: Gregory J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Dick
mesh_terms: D001105:Archaea / Q000145:classification / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D002244:Carbon / Q000737:chemistry; D020565:Epsilonproteobacteria / Q000145:classification / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D060086:Hydrothermal Vents; D059013:Microbial Consortia; D009792:Oceans and Seas; D010802:Phylogeny; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics; D012623:Seawater / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000382:microbiology; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D013696:Temperature; D014871:Water Microbiology
chemical_list: D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; D002244:Carbon