title: Association between dietary calcium and phosphorus intakes, dietary calcium/phosphorus ratio and bone mass in the Korean population.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Osteoporosis has become a major public health issue. Among various factors affected bone health, not only dietary calcium and phosphorus intakes, but also the dietary calcium/phosphorus ratio could relate to bone health. Therefore, we evaluated whether dietary calcium and phosphorus intakes, and dietary calcium/phosphorus ratio are associated with bone mass in Korean adults ≥ 20 years of age.
  
  
  METHODS
  The analysis used data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, a cross-sectional survey of Korean civilians, conducted from January to December 2010. A total of 4,935 participants (2,309 men and 2,626 women) were analyzed in this study. Dietary calcium and phosphorus intakes of the participants were estimated using 24-h dietary recall. Bone mass densities for the whole body, femoral neck, and lumbar spine were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Dietary calcium intake and dietary calcium/phosphorus ratio were positively related to bone mass density for femoral neck in men ≥ 50 years of age (p = 0.046 and 0.041, respectively). Dietary calcium intake showed positive associations with bone mass density for whole body in premenopausal women (p = 0.022).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Increased calcium intake and high dietary calcium/phosphorus ratio might have favorable effects on bone mass in Korean adults. Additional gender- and age-specific studies are needed to further identify the influence of calcium and phosphorus intakes, and the dietary calcium/phosphorus ratio on bone mass.
authors.forename: Kyung-Jin
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Kyung-Soo
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Ha-Na
authors.initials: HN
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Jin-A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Seo
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine, St, Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 93 Jungbudaero, Paldal-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 442-723, Republic of Korea. sswkoj@unitel.co.kr.
authors.forename: Sang-Wook
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Song
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D015519:Bone Density; D002136:Calcium, Dietary / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005272:Femur Neck; D006801:Humans; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae; D008297:Male; D008593:Menopause; D008875:Middle Aged; D009749:Nutrition Surveys; D016226:Phosphorus, Dietary / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D017697:Premenopause; D056910:Republic of Korea; D012737:Sex Factors
chemical_list: D002136:Calcium, Dietary; D016226:Phosphorus, Dietary