title: Racial disparities in the use of catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation and flutter.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common arrhythmia seen in clinical practice. Catheter ablation is an expensive but potentially curable treatment of AF. We explored differences in the use of catheter ablation for AF in the state of Florida and compared the findings to ablation for atrial flutter.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of all ambulatory and hospital discharge procedures between 2006 and 2009 in Florida. We identified all subjects with AF and atrial flutter, using International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision codes along with the race/ethnicity of each individual. We used logistic regression to determine the odds ratio (OR) of having a catheter ablation per disease by race and ethnicity adjusted for Charlson score, insurance status, year of the procedure, and facility location.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We identified 923,590 subjects with AF and 28,714 with atrial flutter. Catheter ablations were more commonly used in atrial flutter than in AF. The adjusted OR of having catheter ablation for AF for blacks was 0.67 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.60-0.75, P < 0.01), and for Hispanics it was 0.83 (95% CI: 0.75-0.91, P < 0.01) when compared to whites. The adjusted OR of having an ablation for atrial flutter for blacks was 1.08 (95% CI: 0.96-1.21, P = 0.16), and for Hispanics it was 0.90 (95% CI: 0.78-1.08, P = 0.20) when compared to whites.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the state of Florida, black and Hispanic subjects with AF received less catheter ablations, whereas the same minority subjects with atrial flutter received a similar number of ablations compared to white subjects, with the same insurance and comorbidity burden.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida; Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Miami, Florida.
authors.forename: Leonardo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tamariz
authors.forename: Alexis
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rodriguez
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Palacio
authors.forename: Hua
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Myerburg
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001281:Atrial Fibrillation / Q000601:surgery*; D001282:Atrial Flutter / Q000601:surgery*; D044383:Black People; D017115:Catheter Ablation / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D015897:Comorbidity; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005006:Ethnicity; D005260:Female; D005431:Florida; D006630:Hispanic or Latino; D006801:Humans; D007348:Insurance, Health; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D016017:Odds Ratio; D044469:Racial Groups; D001741:Black or African American