title: Exposure to workplace bullying and risk of depression.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We examined the prospective association between self-labeled and witness-reported bullying and the risk of newly onset of depression.
  
  
  METHODS
  Employees were recruited from two cohorts of 3196 and 2002 employees, respectively. Participants received a questionnaire at baseline in 2006 to 2007 with follow-up in 2008 to 2009 and 2011. New cases of depression were diagnosed in the follow-up using Schedules for Clinical Assessment in Neuropsychiatry interviews and the Major Depression Inventory questionnaire.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We identified 147 new cases of depression. The odds ratio for newly onset depression among participants reporting bullying occasionally was 2.17 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.11 to 4.23) and among frequently bullied 9.63 (95% CI: 3.42 to 27.1). There was no association between percentage witnessing bullying and newly onset depression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Frequent self-labeled bullying predicts development of depression but a work environment with high proportion of employees witnessing bullying does not.
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine (Dr Gullander, Dr Thomsen, Prof Bonde), Bispebjerg University Hospital, Bispebjerg Bakke, Copenhagen NV; Department of Psychology (Prof Hogh), Copenhagen University, Øster Farimagsgade, København K, Denmark, Department of Public Health (Prof Hansen), Copenhagen University Øster Farimagsgade, København K, and The National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkallé, Copenhagen Ø; The National Research Centre for the Working Environment (Dr Persson), Lersø Parkallé, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark; and Department of Psychology (Dr Persson), University of Lund Allhelgona Kyrkogata, Lund, Sweden; The National Research Centre for the Working Environment (Prof Rugulies), Lersø Parkallé, Copenhagen Ø; Department of Occupational Medicine (Prof Kolstad, Dr Willert, and Dr Grynderup), Danish Ramazzini Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Nørrebrogade, Aarhus C; and Research Department P (Prof Mors), Aarhus University Hospital, Skovagervej, Risskov, Denmark.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gullander
authors.forename: Annie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hogh
authors.forename: Åse Marie
authors.initials: ÅM
authors.lastname: Hansen
authors.forename: Roger
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Persson
authors.forename: Reiner
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rugulies
authors.forename: Henrik Albert
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Kolstad
authors.forename: Jane Frølund
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Thomsen
authors.forename: Morten Veis
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Willert
authors.forename: Matias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Grynderup
authors.forename: Ole
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Mors
authors.forename: Jens Peter
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Bonde
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D058445:Bullying / Q000523:psychology*; D003863:Depression / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016272:Occupational Health; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000523:psychology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D017132:Workplace / Q000523:psychology