title: Effects of ionic liquids on membrane fusion and lipid aggregation of egg-PC liposomes.
abstract: In this study we have explored the effects of different groups of ionic liquids (ILs) on membrane fusion. The ILs used contain different head groups: N-methylimidazolium, 3-methylpyridinium and N-methylpyrrolidinium; short alkyl or ether functionalized side chains (with one or two ethoxy functionalities), paired with chloride anion. These ILs have been compared with 1-dodecyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide as example of a highly lipophilic IL. The effect of ILs on membrane fusion was investigated through pyrene steady state fluorescence probing, using the IE factor and excimer/monomer ratio (IE/IM) as parameters. The ratio between the vibronic bands of pyrene (I1/I3 ratio) has been used to monitor the effect of ILs on the aggregation properties of egg-PC liposomes. The effect of different ILs' families was evident; the pyridinium ILs induced a greater extent of fusion than pyrrolidinium and imidazolium ILs having the same side chain. Marginal effect could be attributed to different anions. ILs with short alkyl chains were usually more effective than ether functionalized ones. The aggregation behaviors of ILs having dioxygenated chains have been measured in buffer solution.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Chimica "G. Ciamician" Alma Mater Studiorum, Università di Bologna, via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy; Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca Industriale Energia e Ambiente (CIRI), via S. Alberto 163, 48123 Ravenna, Italy.
authors.forename: Paola
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Galletti
authors.affiliation: Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca Industriale Energia e Ambiente (CIRI), via S. Alberto 163, 48123 Ravenna, Italy. Electronic address: danilo.malferrari2@unibo.it.
authors.forename: Danilo
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Malferrari
authors.affiliation: Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca Industriale Energia e Ambiente (CIRI), via S. Alberto 163, 48123 Ravenna, Italy.
authors.forename: Chiara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Samorì
authors.affiliation: Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca Industriale Energia e Ambiente (CIRI), via S. Alberto 163, 48123 Ravenna, Italy; Dipartimento di Farmacia e Biotecnologie (FaBiT), via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Giorgio
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sartor
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Chimica "G. Ciamician" Alma Mater Studiorum, Università di Bologna, via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy; Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca Industriale Energia e Ambiente (CIRI), via S. Alberto 163, 48123 Ravenna, Italy.
authors.forename: Emilio
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tagliavini
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002645:Chickens; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D057927:Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000737:chemistry; D052578:Ionic Liquids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008081:Liposomes / Q000737:chemistry*; D008561:Membrane Fusion / Q000187:drug effects*; D010713:Phosphatidylcholines / Q000737:chemistry*; D011721:Pyrenes; D011726:Pyridinium Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D011759:Pyrrolidines / Q000737:chemistry; D013050:Spectrometry, Fluorescence; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship
chemical_list: C521425:1-dodecyl-3-methylimidazolium; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D007093:Imidazoles; D052578:Ionic Liquids; D008081:Liposomes; D010713:Phosphatidylcholines; D011721:Pyrenes; D011726:Pyridinium Compounds; D011759:Pyrrolidines; C054965:N-methylpyrrolidine; C014677:1-methylpyridinium; C030984:pyrene; C018100:1-methylimidazole
keywords: Egg-PC membrane fusion; Ionic liquids; Pyrene fluorescence