title: A simple approach for fabricating solid-contact ion-selective electrodes using nanomaterials as transducers.
abstract: A simple and robust approach for the development of solid-state ion-selective electrodes (ISEs) using nanomaterials as solid contacts is described. The electrodes are fabricated by using the mixture of an ionic liquid (IL) and a nanomaterial as intermediate layer, formed by melting the IL. Tetradodecylammonium tetrakis(4-chlorophenyl)borate (ETH 500) is chosen as an model of IL to provide strong adhesion between the inner glassy carbon electrode and the intermediate layer. Nanomaterials including single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and graphene were used as active ion-to-electron transducers between the glassy carbon electrode and the ionophore-doped ISE membrane. By using the proposed approach, the solid-contact Cu(2+)- and Pb(2+)-selective electrodes based on ETH 500/SWCNTs and ETH 500/graphene as transducers, respectively, have been fabricated. The proposed electrodes show detection limits in the nanomolar range and exhibit a good response time and excellent stability.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai, Shandong 264003, PR China.
authors.forename: Rongning
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai, Shandong 264003, PR China.
authors.forename: Tanji
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai, Shandong 264003, PR China. Electronic address: wqin@yic.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Qin
mesh_terms: D004867:Equipment Design; D006108:Graphite / Q000737:chemistry*; D017736:Ion-Selective Electrodes; D052578:Ionic Liquids / Q000737:chemistry; D037742:Nanotubes, Carbon / Q000737:chemistry*; D013775:Tetraphenylborate / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000737:chemistry; D014159:Transducers; D044366:Transition Temperature; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D052578:Ionic Liquids; D037742:Nanotubes, Carbon; D014867:Water; C030385:tetrakis(4-chlorophenyl)borate; D013775:Tetraphenylborate; D006108:Graphite
keywords: Ion-selective electrodes; Ion-to-electron transducers; Ionic liquids; Nanomaterials; Solid contacts