title: [Postpartum incontinence. Narrative review].
abstract: The development of fecal incontinence after childbirth is a common event. This incontinence responds to a multifactorial etiology in which the most common element is external anal sphincter injury. There are several risk factors, and it is very important to know and avoid them. Sphincter injury may result from perineal tear or sometimes by incorrectly performing an episiotomy. It is very important to recognize the injury when it occurs and repair it properly. Pudendal nerve trauma may contribute to the effect of direct sphincter injury. Persistence of incontinence is common, even after sphincter repair. Surgical sphincteroplasty is the standard treatment of obstetric sphincter injuries, however, sacral or tibial electric stimulation therapies are being applied in patients with sphincter injuries not repaired with promising results.
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Coloproctología, Servicio de Cirugía General y del Aparato Digestivo, Hospital de Sagunto, Valencia, España. Electronic address: rodolforodriguez8700@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Rodolfo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rodríguez
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Coloproctología, Servicio de Cirugía General y del Aparato Digestivo, Hospital de Manises, Valencia, España.
authors.forename: Rafael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Alós
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Coloproctología, Servicio de Cirugía General y del Aparato Digestivo, Hospital de Manises, Valencia, España.
authors.forename: M Soledad
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Carceller
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Coloproctología, Servicio de Cirugía General y del Aparato Digestivo, Hospital de Manises, Valencia, España.
authors.forename: Amparo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Solana
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Coloproctología, Servicio de Cirugía General y del Aparato Digestivo, Hospital de Sagunto, Valencia, España.
authors.forename: Andrés
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Frangi
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Coloproctología, Servicio de Cirugía General y del Aparato Digestivo, Hospital de Sagunto, Valencia, España.
authors.forename: M Dolores
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Ruiz
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Coloproctología, Servicio de Cirugía General y del Aparato Digestivo, Hospital de Sagunto, Valencia, España.
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lozoya
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D001003:Anal Canal / Q000293:injuries; D005242:Fecal Incontinence / Q000209:etiology* / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D022125:Lacerations / Q000150:complications; D007744:Obstetric Labor Complications; D011247:Pregnancy; D011644:Puerperal Disorders / Q000209:etiology* / Q000601:surgery; D012307:Risk Factors
keywords: Fecal incontinence; Incontinencia fecal; Incontinencia obstétrica; Incontinencia posparto; Lesiones esfinterianas; Obstetric incontinence; Postpartum incontinence; Sphincter injuries