title: Thymol and carvacrol prevent cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity by abrogation of oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis in rats.
abstract: The aim of the present study is to assess the possible protective effects of thymol and carvacrol against cisplatin (CP)-induced nephrotoxicity. A single dose of CP {6 mg/kg, intraperitoneally (i.p.)} injected to male rats revealed significant increases in serum urea, creatinine, and tumor necrosis factor alpha levels. It also increased kidney contents of malondialdehyde and caspase-3 activity with significant reduction in serum albumin, kidney content of reduced glutathione as well as catalase, and superoxide dismutase activity as compared to that of the control group. In contrast, administration of thymol {20 mg/kg, orally (p.o.)} and/or carvacrol (15 mg/kg, p.o.) for 14 days before CP injection and for 7 days after CP administration restored the kidney function and examined oxidative stress parameters. In conclusion, thymol was more effective nephroprotective than carvacrol. Moreover, a combination of thymol and carvacrol had a synergistic nephroprotective effect that might be attributed to antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic activities.
authors.affiliation: Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Nasr-City, Cairo, Egypt. elsayed200_1956@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: El-Sayed
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Abd-Allah
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Mansour
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: El-Arabey
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D001806:Blood Urea Nitrogen; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000633:toxicity*; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D000081007:Cymenes; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects*; D008297:Male; D039821:Monoterpenes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D020011:Protective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D013943:Thymol / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D000081007:Cymenes; D039821:Monoterpenes; D020011:Protective Agents; D013943:Thymol; C073316:carvacrol; D003404:Creatinine; D002945:Cisplatin
keywords: Anti-apoptotic; Anti-inflammatory; Anti-oxidant; Carvacrol; Cisplatin; Nephrotoxicity Thymol