title: Overexpression of GYS1, MIF, and MYC is associated with adverse outcome and poor response to azacitidine in myelodysplastic syndromes and acute myeloid leukemia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The prognosis of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is very heterogeneous.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analyzed the prognostic value of several genes in a cohort of 85 MDS and AML patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overexpression of glycogen synthase 1 and macrophage migration inhibitory factor genes had an adverse outcome in multivariate analysis (P = .003 and P < .001, respectively). Furthermore, the higher expression of myelocytomatosis oncogene was associated with a lower response to azacitidine (P = .03).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the current study we identified a specific gene expression profile as prognostic factors for response to azacitidine and survival in MDS and AML.
authors.affiliation: Department of Haematology, University Hospital Virgen del Rocío, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS)/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain. Electronic address: josef.falantes.sspa@juntadeandalucia.es.
authors.forename: Jose F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Falantes
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS)/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain.
authors.forename: Pablo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Trujillo
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS)/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain.
authors.forename: Jose I
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Piruat
authors.affiliation: Department of Haematology, University Hospital Virgen del Rocío, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS)/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain.
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Calderón
authors.affiliation: Department of Haematology, University Hospital Virgen del Rocío, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS)/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain.
authors.forename: Francisco J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Márquez-Malaver
authors.affiliation: Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS and Institute of Research Josep Carreras, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Beatriz
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Martín-Antonio
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS)/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain.
authors.forename: Africa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Millán
authors.affiliation: Department of Haematology, University Hospital Virgen del Rocío, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS)/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain.
authors.forename: Marina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gómez
authors.affiliation: Department of Haematology, University Hospital Virgen del Rocío, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS)/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain.
authors.forename: Jose
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: González
authors.affiliation: Department of Haematology, University Hospital Virgen del Rocío, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS)/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain.
authors.forename: Maria L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Martino
authors.affiliation: Department of Haematology, University Hospital Virgen del Rocío, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS)/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain.
authors.forename: Isabel
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Montero
authors.affiliation: Department of Haematology, University Hospital Virgen del Rocío, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS)/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain.
authors.forename: Rocío
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Parody
authors.affiliation: Department of Haematology, University Hospital Virgen del Rocío, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS)/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain.
authors.forename: Ildefonso
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Espigado
authors.affiliation: Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS and Institute of Research Josep Carreras, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Alvaro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Urbano-Ispizua
authors.affiliation: Department of Haematology, University Hospital Virgen del Rocío, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS)/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain.
authors.forename: Jose A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Pérez-Simón
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001374:Azacitidine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015870:Gene Expression; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D016259:Genes, myc; D006006:Glycogen Synthase / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D000860:Hypoxia / Q000235:genetics; D019746:Intramolecular Oxidoreductases / Q000235:genetics*; D015470:Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000401:mortality; D008263:Macrophage Migration-Inhibitory Factors / Q000235:genetics*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009190:Myelodysplastic Syndromes / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000401:mortality; D011379:Prognosis; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; D008263:Macrophage Migration-Inhibitory Factors; D006006:Glycogen Synthase; D019746:Intramolecular Oxidoreductases; C515598:MIF protein, human; D001374:Azacitidine
keywords: Acute leukemia; Azacitidine; Gene expression; Myelodysplastic syndromes; Prognosis