title: Impact of severe tricuspid regurgitation on long term survival.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Tricuspid regurgitation (TR) is a common echocardiographic finding, which often accompanies left sided valve disease. Data on mortality and morbidity in patients with severe TR are limited.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We sought to assess the outcome of patients with severe TR with the hypothesis that significant TR adversely impacts quality of life and survival, independent of pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF).
  
  
  METHODS
  Between 2002 and 2012, 358 consecutive patients (mean age of 54.67± 13.25years, 75.5% female) with severe TR based on history and transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) were enrolled. Patients with severe left sided valvular heart disease and congenital heart disease were excluded. The prevalence of heart failure symptoms, rehospitalization, and duration of hospitalization were evaluated. Survival was calculated according Kaplan Meier curve analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Heart failure (50%) was the most cause of death. Mean years of survival from diagnosis of severe TR was 4.35±3.66, and mean years of survival from onset of symptom was 2.28±1.40. Ninety cases (25.1%) were admitted due to heart failure and through mean of 1.9±0.8 year- follow up (6-32month), 14% of all patients and 36.8% of patients with right heart failure rehospitalized. Atrial fibrillation was reported in 70.5% of patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is a significant increased incidence of mortality, prolonged hospitalization, and rehospitalization in symptomatic patients with severe TR. Therefore, we recommend more aggressive approach toward TV repair or replacement in these patients regardless of PAP and systolic function.
authors.affiliation: Echocardiography Research Center, Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Anita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sadeghpour
authors.affiliation: Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Mehri
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hassanzadeh
authors.affiliation: Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Majid
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kyavar
authors.affiliation: Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Hooman
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bakhshandeh
authors.affiliation: Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Nasim
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Naderi
authors.affiliation: Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Behshid
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ghadrdoost
authors.affiliation: Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Arezou
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Haghighat Talab
keywords: Tricuspid Regurgitation; Ventricular Function, Left; Ventricular Function, Right