title: Applications of electrochemical immunosensors for early clinical diagnostics.
abstract: Cancer and cardiovascular diseases are the major threats to global health. Hence, there is a growing demand for a range of portable, rapid and low cost biosensing devices for the detection of these diseases. Electrochemical immunosensors are simple, rapid, reliable and inexpensive devices and they have sensitive detection limits to monitor both levels of the biomarkers in normal and patient serum. Due to the specific binding of antibody to its corresponding antigen, immunosensors based on antibody-antigen interaction are one of the most widely used analytical techniques in the quantitative detection of these diseases. The changed levels of markers in patients are associated with diseases. In this article the biosensors and biomarkers, which were commonly used in terms of monitoring the diagnosis and treatment of cancer and cardiac diseases, are reviewed. In addition, the developed biosensors are compared in terms of precision, reproducibility, regeneration, stability and specificity.
authors.affiliation: Namık Kemal University, Scientific and Technological Research Center, Tekirdağ, Turkiye.
authors.forename: Elif
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Burcu Bahadır
authors.affiliation: Namık Kemal University, Faculty of Science, Chemistry Department, Biochemistry Division, Tekirdağ, Turkiye. Electronic address: msezginturk@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Mustafa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kemal Sezgintürk
mesh_terms: D000906:Antibodies / Q000737:chemistry; D000936:Antigen-Antibody Complex / Q000737:chemistry; D000941:Antigens / Q000737:chemistry; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis*; D015374:Biosensing Techniques; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D055664:Electrochemical Techniques; D006801:Humans; D007118:Immunoassay; D057230:Limit of Detection; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry; D008840:Microfilament Proteins / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D015203:Reproducibility of Results
chemical_list: D000906:Antibodies; D000936:Antigen-Antibody Complex; D000941:Antigens; D015415:Biomarkers; D008840:Microfilament Proteins; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins
keywords: Biosensor; Cancer biomarkers; Early diagnosis; Electrochemical biosensors; Immunosensor