title: Bowel functional outcomes in females with perineal or vestibular fistula treated with anterior sagittal anorectoplasty: controlled results into adulthood.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Anterior sagittal anorectoplasty is a standardized operative treatment for females with congenital rectoperineal or vestibular fistula. The controlled, long-term outcomes require characterization.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to define the bowel functional outcomes following anterior sagittal anorectoplasty in relation to age- and sex-matched controls.
  
  
  METHODS
  This cross-sectional study was conducted at a single institution.
  
  
  METHODS
  All females treated for congenital perineal or vestibular fistula with anterior sagittal anorectoplasty between 1983 and 2006 were invited to answer a detailed, previously validated questionnaire on bowel function. Each patient was matched to 3 controls who had answered identical questionnaires. Ethical approval was obtained. Social continence was defined as soiling or fecal accidents <1/week and no requirement for changes of underwear or protective aids.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study was conducted at the Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Helsinki, Finland.
  
  
  METHODS
  No interventions were performed.
  
  
  METHODS
  The primary outcomes measured were the prevalence of problems with rectal sensation, voluntary bowel control, soiling, fecal accidents, constipation, and social problems. Bowel function score (out of 20 items) was considered, as well as the age at completion of toilet training for stool.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 34 respondents (79%; median age, 13 (4-28) years), all had voluntary bowel movements. Problems withholding defecation, soiling, and fecal accidents were significantly more common among patients than controls (p ≤ 0.001). Eighty-five percent of patients and 100% of controls (p = 0.001) were socially continent; 41% of patients and 76% of controls were totally continent (p = 0.0003). Constipation tended to decline with age (from 59% to 25%; p = 0.16). The bowel functional outcome was good in 68% of patients, satisfactory in 26% of patients, and poor in 6% of patients. Diapers for stool had been discontinued at the same median age as controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Number of patients in comparative analysis of symptoms by age group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  After anterior sagittal anorectoplasty for perineal or vestibular fistula, 2 of 3 of patients are likely to achieve bowel control comparable to normal in the long term, and the vast majority will be socially continent. The effective treatment of constipation is essential.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Surgery, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Kristiina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kyrklund
authors.forename: Mikko P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Pakarinen
authors.forename: Antti
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Koivusalo
authors.forename: Risto J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Rintala
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001003:Anal Canal / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000601:surgery; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003248:Constipation / Q000209:etiology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005242:Fecal Incontinence / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D005387:Finland; D006801:Humans; D010502:Perineum / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000601:surgery*; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures; D012003:Rectal Fistula / Q000151:congenital / Q000601:surgery*; D012007:Rectum / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000601:surgery*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D016896:Treatment Outcome