title: Functional and morphological olfactory bulb modifications in mice after vanadium inhalation.
abstract: Neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases, have olfaction impairment. These pathologies have also been linked to environmental pollutants. Vanadium is a pollutant, and its toxic mechanisms are related to the production of oxidative stress. In this study, we evaluated the effects of inhaled vanadium on olfaction, the olfactory bulb antioxidant, through histological and ultrastructural changes in granule cells. Mice in control group were made to inhale saline; the experimental group inhaled 0.02-M vanadium pentoxide (V2O5) for 1 hr twice a week for 4 weeks. Animals were sacrificed at 1, 2, 3, and 4 weeks after inhalation. Olfactory function was evaluated by the odorant test. The activity of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione reductase (GR) was assayed in olfactory bulbs and processed for rapid Golgi method and ultrastructural analysis. Results show that olfactory function decreased at 4-week vanadium exposure; granule cells showed a decrease in dendritic spine density and increased lipofuscin, Golgi apparatus vacuolation, apoptosis, and necrosis. The activity of GPx and GR in the olfactory bulb was increased compared to that of the controls. Our results demonstrate that vanadium inhalation disturbs olfaction, histology, and the ultrastructure of the granule cells that might be associated with oxidative stress, a risk factor in neurodegenerative diseases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience, FES Iztacala Edo de México, México. UNAM barenque@unam.mx.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Colín-Barenque
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Facultad de Química, Ciudad Universitaria México, D.F., Mexico. UNAM.
authors.forename: Jose
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pedraza-Chaverri
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Facultad de Química, Ciudad Universitaria México, D.F., Mexico. UNAM.
authors.forename: Omar
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Medina-Campos
authors.affiliation: Departament of Cellular and Tissular Biology, School of Medicine, México D.F., Mexico. UNAM.
authors.forename: Ruben
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jimenez-Martínez
authors.affiliation: Departament of Cellular and Tissular Biology, School of Medicine, México D.F., Mexico. UNAM.
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bizarro-Nevares
authors.affiliation: Departament of Cellular and Tissular Biology, School of Medicine, México D.F., Mexico. UNAM.
authors.forename: Adriana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: González-Villalva
authors.affiliation: Departament of Cellular and Tissular Biology, School of Medicine, México D.F., Mexico. UNAM.
authors.forename: Marcela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rojas-Lemus
authors.affiliation: Departament of Cellular and Tissular Biology, School of Medicine, México D.F., Mexico. UNAM.
authors.forename: Teresa I
authors.initials: TI
authors.lastname: Fortoul
mesh_terms: D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D049229:Dendritic Spines / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000633:toxicity*; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D005980:Glutathione Reductase / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D009336:Necrosis; D009830:Olfactory Bulb / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D012903:Smell / Q000187:drug effects; D017968:Vanadium Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D017968:Vanadium Compounds; C066075:vanadium pentoxide; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D005980:Glutathione Reductase
keywords: dendritic spines; granule cells; olfactory bulb; oxidative stress; reactive oxygen species; vanadium