title: Oxidative stress is involved in Patulin induced apoptosis in HEK293 cells.
abstract: Patulin (PAT) is one of the most widely disseminated mycotoxins found in agricultural products and could cause renal damage. However, the mechanism of cell damage remains obscure. In this study, the human embryonic kidney cells (HEK293) were treated with PAT (2.5-15 μM). The cytotoxicity was assessed with MTT assay and apoptotic cells were detected by flow cytometry, and further identified by chromatin condensation and nuclear fragmentation with Hoechst 33342 under fluorescence microscope. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) with DCFH-DA was analyzed by fluorometry. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH) and catalase (CAT) and malondialdehyde (MDA) content were determined to reveal the potential mechanism of PAT induced apoptosis. The mitochondrial membrane potential was measured by JC-1 probe. The results showed that PAT dose-dependently inhibited the growth of HEK293 cells and resulted in apoptosis in HEK293 cells. Treatment with PAT could induce ROS and MDA accumulation, accompanied by the losses of SOD, CAT, GSH and disruption of the mitochondrial membrane potential. These data suggest that PAT may induce apoptosis in HEK293 cells, in which oxidative stress is involved.
authors.affiliation: College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; College of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, Gansu 730050, China.
authors.forename: Baigang
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China. Electronic address: pxlpxh@163.com.
authors.forename: Xiaoli
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.affiliation: College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
authors.forename: Guanghui
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
authors.forename: Yunfeng
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China. Electronic address: foodscixiaodong@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Xiaodong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.affiliation: College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
authors.forename: Qian
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D001562:Benzimidazoles; D002232:Carbocyanines; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D005452:Fluoresceins; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D057809:HEK293 Cells; D006801:Humans; D053078:Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial / Q000187:drug effects; D009183:Mycotoxins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D010365:Patulin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D001562:Benzimidazoles; D002232:Carbocyanines; D005452:Fluoresceins; D009183:Mycotoxins; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; C029569:diacetyldichlorofluorescein; C068624:5,5',6,6'-tetrachloro-1,1',3,3'-tetraethylbenzimidazolocarbocyanine; D010365:Patulin; D002374:Catalase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D005978:Glutathione
keywords: Apoptosis; Human embryonic kidney cells; Oxidative stress; Patulin