title: Validation of environmental content in the Young Children's Participation and Environment Measure.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the concurrent validity of the environment content in the newly developed Young Children's Participation and Environment Measure (YC-PEM).
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were collected online.
  
  
  METHODS
  Convenience and snowball sampling methods were used to survey caregivers of children (N=381; 85 children with developmental disabilities and delays and 296 children without developmental disabilities and delays) aged 0 and 5 years (mean age, 36.49±20.18 mo).
  
  
  METHODS
  Not applicable.
  
  
  METHODS
  The YC-PEM includes an assessment of the effect of environment on children's participation for 3 settings: home, daycare/preschool, and community. Pearson and Spearman correlational analyses were used to examine the concurrent validity of the YC-PEM environmental content according to a criterion measure, the Craig Hospital Inventory of Environmental Factors-Child and Parent Version (CHIEF-CP). The YC-PEM and the CHIEF-CP items were first mapped to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health-Children and Youth Version to identify items for pairwise comparison.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found small to moderate negative associations for 51 of 66 pairwise comparisons involving CHIEF-CP and YC-PEM environment items (r=-.13 to -.39; P<.01). Significant associations were found for items in all 5 International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health-Children and Youth Version environmental domains.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results lend further support for the use of the YC-PEM for valid caregiver assessment of the physical, social, attitudinal, and institutional features of environments in terms of their effect on young children's participation within the home, daycare/preschool, and community settings.
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational Therapy, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO. Electronic address: mary.khetani@colostate.edu.
authors.forename: Mary A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Khetani
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D002656:Child Day Care Centers / Q000458:organization & administration; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D002658:Developmental Disabilities / Q000523:psychology; D004777:Environment; D004864:Equipment and Supplies; D005160:Facility Design and Construction; D005220:Fathers; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007858:Learning; D008297:Male; D009035:Mothers; D010988:Play and Playthings; D057766:Policy; D012578:Schools, Nursery / Q000458:organization & administration; D058992:Social Participation; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: Child; Children with disabilities; Environmental; Infant; Rehabilitation; Social participation