title: Time intervals and associated factors of emergency treatment: first insight into Pakistani system.
abstract: The objective of this study is to determine the time interval from decision to seek medical help and arrival of the patients to the emergency department (ED). The duration of stay in ED was also calculated. This study also assesses factors responsible delayed presentation to hospital. This prospective study was conducted during day timings (9 am to 3 pm) from May 2012 to August 2012 in ED at Civil Hospital, Karachi. Patients older than 18 years and meeting the inclusion criteria were considered to be eligible for the study. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 17. The study sample consisted of 4,226 patients with a response rate of 96.5%. The median decision time was 146 minutes (IQR = 74-339), median transit time was 84 minutes (IQR = 42-188), median physician time was 58 minutes (IQR = 47-103), median diagnostic time was 148 minutes (IQR = 135-192), median transfer time was 155 minutes (IQR = 118-274) and the median ED LOS was 327 minutes (IQR = 209-488). Patient beliefs regarding spontaneous resolution of the symptoms was the most common reason (44.8%) cited for increased time spent in taking decision to seek medical help. Mode of transportation other than ambulance and traffic gridlock were the most common reasons found to be significantly associated with increased transit time (p < 0.05). The time intervals calculated from our study were found to be higher than studies reported from countries. This calls for urgent intervention for formulation of triage systems to improve patient treatment and satisfaction.
authors.affiliation: Civil Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan ; Dow Medical College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Muhammad Muslim
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Noorani
authors.affiliation: Civil Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan ; Dow Medical College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Muhammad Farhan
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Khaliq
authors.affiliation: Civil Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan ; Dow Medical College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shoaib
authors.affiliation: Civil Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan ; Dow Medical College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Asfandyar
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sheikh
authors.affiliation: Civil Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan ; Dow Medical College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Um-E-Roman
authors.initials: UE
authors.lastname: Moughal
authors.affiliation: Civil Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan ; Dow Medical College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Wardah
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Moazzum
authors.affiliation: Civil Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan ; Dow Medical College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Syed Arsalan
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Ali
keywords: Abdominal; Chest pain; Civil Hospital; Decision time; Delay; Diagnostic time; Emergency; Firearm; Hospital; Karachi; Medicine; Musculoskeletal; Neurologic; Pakistan; Physician time; Poisoning; Prehospital; Respiratory; Transfer time; Transit time; Trauma; Urogenital