title: A randomized comparative effectiveness trial of novel endoscopic techniques and approaches for Barrett's esophagus screening in the community.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to compare participation rates and clinical effectiveness of sedated esophagogastroduodenoscopy (sEGD) and unsedated transnasal endoscopy (uTNE) for esophageal assessment and Barrett's esophagus (BE) screening in a population-based cohort.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a prospective, randomized, controlled trial in a community population. Subjects ≥50 years of age who previously completed validated gastrointestinal symptom questionnaires were randomized (stratified by age, sex, and reflux symptoms) to one of three screening techniques (either sEGD or uTNE in a mobile research van (muTNE) or uTNE in a hospital outpatient endoscopy suite (huTNE)) and invited to participate.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 459 subjects, 209 (46%) agreed to participate (muTNE n=76, huTNE n=72, and sEGD n=61). Participation rates were numerically higher in the unsedated arms of muTNE (47.5%) and huTNE (45.7%) compared with the sEGD arm (40.7%), but were not statistically different (P=0.27). Complete evaluation of the esophagus was similar using muTNE (99%), huTNE (96%), and sEGD (100%) techniques (P=0.08). Mean recovery times (min) were longer for sEGD (67.3) compared with muTNE (15.5) and huTNE (18.5) (P<0.001). Approximately 80% of uTNE subjects were willing to undergo the procedure again in future. Respectively, 29% and 7.8% of participating subjects had esophagitis and BE.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Mobile van and clinic uTNE screening had comparable clinical effectiveness with similar participation rates and safety profile to sEGD. Evaluation time with uTNE was significantly shorter. Prevalence of BE and esophagitis in community subjects ≥50 years of age was substantial. Mobile and outpatient unsedated techniques may provide an effective alternative strategy to sEGD for esophageal assessment and BE screening.
authors.affiliation: Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre and NIHR Biomedical Research Unit, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
authors.forename: Sarmed S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Sami
authors.affiliation: Barrett's Esophagus Unit, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
authors.forename: Kelly T
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Dunagan
authors.affiliation: Barrett's Esophagus Unit, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
authors.forename: Michele L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.affiliation: Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
authors.forename: Cathy D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Schleck
authors.affiliation: Division of Health Care Policy and Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
authors.forename: Nilay D
authors.initials: ND
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.affiliation: Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
authors.forename: Alan R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Zinsmeister
authors.affiliation: Barrett's Esophagus Unit, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
authors.forename: Louis-Michel
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Wongkeesong
authors.affiliation: Barrett's Esophagus Unit, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
authors.forename: Kenneth K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Barrett's Esophagus Unit, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Katzka
authors.affiliation: Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre and NIHR Biomedical Research Unit, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
authors.forename: Krish
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ragunath
authors.affiliation: Barrett's Esophagus Unit, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
authors.forename: Prasad G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Iyer
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001471:Barrett Esophagus / Q000175:diagnosis*; D016145:Endoscopy, Digestive System / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000379:methods*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012111:Residence Characteristics