title: Effects of egg ingestion on endothelial function in adults with coronary artery disease: a randomized, controlled, crossover trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Prevailing recommendations call for restricting intake of dietary cholesterol and eggs for those at risk of heart disease, despite accumulating evidence challenging this association. Our prior studies showed no short-term adverse effects of daily egg intake on cardiac risk factors in at-risk adults.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We conducted this study to determine effects of daily egg consumption in adults with established coronary artery disease (CAD).
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomized, controlled, single-blind, crossover trial of 32 adults (mean age, 67 years; 6 women, 26 men) with CAD assigned to 1 of 6 possible sequence permutations of 3 different treatments (breakfast with 2 eggs, breakfast with ½ cup Egg Beaters, ConAgra Foods, St. Louis, MO, or a high-carbohydrate breakfast part of an ad libitum diet) for 6 weeks, with 4-week washout periods. The primary outcome measure was endothelial function measured as flow-mediated dilatation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with the control breakfast (ie, high-carbohydrate breakfast), daily consumption of eggs showed no adverse effects on flow-mediated dilatation (7.2% ± 2.9% vs 7.5% ± 2.9%, P = .33), lipids (total cholesterol: 158.3 ± 28.6 mg/dL vs 156.2 ± 27.4 mg/dL, P = .49), blood pressure (systolic blood pressure: 132.8 ± 14.1 mm Hg or vs 135.5 ± 14.9 mm Hg, P = .52; diastolic blood pressure: 77.2 ± 6.1 mm Hg vs 76.7 ± 6.9 mm Hg, P = .86), or body weight (90.8 ± 17.5 kg vs 91.8 ± 17.1 kg, P = .92). No outcomes differed (P > .05) between eggs and Egg Beaters.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We found no evidence of adverse effects of daily egg ingestion on any cardiac risk factors in adults with CAD over a span of 6 weeks.
authors.affiliation: Yale University Prevention Research Center, Derby, CT; Griffin Hospital, Derby, CT. Electronic address: katzdl@pol.net.
authors.forename: David L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Katz
authors.affiliation: Griffin Hospital, Derby, CT.
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gnanaraj
authors.affiliation: Yale University Prevention Research Center, Derby, CT; Griffin Hospital, Derby, CT.
authors.forename: Judith A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Treu
authors.affiliation: Yale University Prevention Research Center, Derby, CT; Griffin Hospital, Derby, CT.
authors.forename: Yingying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Yale University Prevention Research Center, Derby, CT; Griffin Hospital, Derby, CT.
authors.forename: Yasemin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kavak
authors.affiliation: Yale University Prevention Research Center, Derby, CT; Griffin Hospital, Derby, CT.
authors.forename: Valentine Yanchou
authors.initials: VY
authors.lastname: Njike
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004531:Eggs; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates