title: A conjugate vaccine using enantiopure hapten imparts superior nicotine-binding capacity.
abstract: A leading nicotine conjugate vaccine was only efficacious for one-third of clinical trial participants, likely due in part to its use of racemic nicotine hapten, (±)-3'-AmNic. Immunization of male Wistar rats with (+)-, (-)-, or (±)-3'-AmNicSucTT and subsequent antibody immunoassays suggest that a vaccine using enantiopure (-)-3'-AmNic hapten imparts superior capacity to bind (-)-nicotine. Future nicotine vaccine clinical candidates must incorporate this design consideration (i.e., hapten enantiopurity) in order to maximize efficacy.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Chemistry and Immunology, The Scripps Research Institute , 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States.
authors.forename: Jonathan W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Lockner
authors.forename: Jenny M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Lively
authors.forename: Karen C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Collins
authors.forename: Janaína C M
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Vendruscolo
authors.forename: Marc R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Azar
authors.forename: Kim D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Janda
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D006241:Haptens / Q000276:immunology*; D008297:Male; D009538:Nicotine / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013237:Stereoisomerism; D018074:Vaccines, Conjugate / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D006241:Haptens; D018074:Vaccines, Conjugate; D009538:Nicotine