title: Vitamin D status and metabolic syndrome in the elderly: the Rotterdam Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The effects of vitamin D in the elderly are inconsistent. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between vitamin D status and the metabolic syndrome (MetS) in the elderly, as well as between vitamin D status and the components of MetS (i.e. serum glucose, triglycerides (TG), HDL cholesterol (HDL-C), waist circumference (WC), and blood pressure (BP)).
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was embedded in the Rotterdam Study, a population-based cohort of middle-aged and elderly adults. We analyzed data from 3240 people (median age 71.2 years) who did not have type 2 diabetes mellitus at baseline.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found higher 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations associated with lower prevalence of MetS (odds ratio (OR); 95% CI: 0.61; 0.49, 0.77 for adequate levels (≥75  nmol/l) vs deficiency (<50  nmol/l). In addition, in analysis of the individual components, the ORs for adequate vs deficient vitamin D levels were: 0.66 (95% CI 0.53, 0.83) for elevated WC, 0.67 (95% CI 0.52, 0.86) for reduced HDL-C, 0.69 (95% CI 0.54, 0.88) for elevated TG, and 0.80 (95% CI 0.65, 0.99) for elevated fasting glucose. Vitamin D was not associated with elevated blood pressure, and ORs for adequacy vs deficiency were 0.82 (95% CI 0.65, 1.03).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Higher 25(OH)D concentrations in the elderly are associated with lower prevalence of MetS and, in particular, with more beneficial HDL-C, TG, WC, and serum glucose. Since the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency is common worldwide and its risk increases with age, if causality is proven, benefits of improving vitamin D status among the elderly may be great.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Epidemiology, Internal Medicine, Erasmus MCUniversity Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vitezova
authors.affiliation: Departments of Epidemiology, Internal Medicine, Erasmus MCUniversity Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Zillikens
authors.affiliation: Departments of Epidemiology, Internal Medicine, Erasmus MCUniversity Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: T T W
authors.initials: TT
authors.lastname: van Herpt
authors.affiliation: Departments of Epidemiology, Internal Medicine, Erasmus MCUniversity Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: E J G
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Sijbrands
authors.affiliation: Departments of Epidemiology, Internal Medicine, Erasmus MCUniversity Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hofman
authors.affiliation: Departments of Epidemiology, Internal Medicine, Erasmus MCUniversity Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: A G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Uitterlinden
authors.affiliation: Departments of Epidemiology, Internal Medicine, Erasmus MCUniversity Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: O H
authors.initials: OH
authors.lastname: Franco
authors.affiliation: Departments of Epidemiology, Internal Medicine, Erasmus MCUniversity Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands j.c.kiefte-dejong@erasmusmc.nl.
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Kiefte-de Jong
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000097:blood; D055105:Waist Circumference / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D014280:Triglycerides; D014807:Vitamin D; C104450:25-hydroxyvitamin D