title: Relationships between T cell and IgE/IgG4 epitopes of the Anisakis simplex major allergen Ani s 1.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Anisakiasis is a global disease caused by the consumption of raw or lightly cooked fish parasitized with third-stage Anisakis larvae. Anisakis simplex allergens may cause severe allergic reactions including angio-oedema, urticaria and anaphylaxis. Approximately 80% of allergic patients have allergen-specific IgE against Ani s 1, and the diagnostic value of testing for antibodies to Ani s 1 has been extensively demonstrated. However, no previous studies have investigated the molecular aspects of the allergic response to Ani s 1. Knowledge of allergen-specific T cell and B cell (IgE and IgG4) epitopes is important for elucidating the immunological mechanisms underlying allergic responses, and for understanding why particular proteins behave as allergens.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To elucidate the main T cell- and B cell (IgE and IgG4)- binding regions of Ani s 1.
  
  
  METHODS
  T cell epitopes were identified by peptide proliferation assays using T cell lines derived from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of 11 patients with Anisakis allergy, and IgE and IgG4 epitopes were identified by microarray immunoassay using sera from a different group of 11 patients with Anisakis allergy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Several T cell epitopes of Ani s 1 were identified, of which Ani s 1145-156 , Ani s 1151-162 and Ani s 1163-171 located at the C-terminal end of the protein were the most relevant. IgE and IgG4 recognized largely the same peptides, including Ani s 122-41 , Ani s 125-44 , Ani s 127-47 , Ani s 137-56 and Ani s 194-113 .
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is the first report describing the T cell epitopes of an important allergen of A. simplex, and the first B cell epitope study of this allergen in the Spanish population. This information can help to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the allergic response to Ani s 1, potentially leading to therapeutic and diagnostic advances.
authors.affiliation: Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research, IdiPaz, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Garcia Alonso
authors.affiliation: Allergy Department, Hospital La Paz, IdiPaz, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Caballero
authors.affiliation: Allergy Department, Hospital La Paz, IdiPaz, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Umpierrez
authors.affiliation: Allergy Department, Hospital La Paz, IdiPaz, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lluch-Bernal
authors.affiliation: JPT Peptide Technologies, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Knaute
authors.affiliation: Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research, IdiPaz, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rodríguez-Pérez
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000485:Allergens / Q000276:immunology*; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins / Q000276:immunology*; D002460:Cell Line; D018604:Epitope Mapping; D000939:Epitopes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology*; D018984:Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D015801:Helminth Proteins / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D006967:Hypersensitivity / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D007073:Immunoglobulin E / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011485:Protein Binding; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000485:Allergens; D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins; D000939:Epitopes; D018984:Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte; D015801:Helminth Proteins; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; C412511:troponin-like protein, Anisakis simplex; D007073:Immunoglobulin E
keywords: Anisakis allergy; B cell epitopes; Kunitz-type serine protein inhibitors; T cell epitopes; epitope mapping; recombinant Ani s 1