title: Resonant inelastic X-ray scattering on ferrous and ferric bis-imidazole porphyrin and cytochrome c: nature and role of the axial methionine-Fe bond.
abstract: Axial Cu-S(Met) bonds in electron transfer (ET) active sites are generally found to lower their reduction potentials. An axial S(Met) bond is also present in cytochrome c (cyt c) and is generally thought to increase the reduction potential. The highly covalent nature of the porphyrin environment in heme proteins precludes using many spectroscopic approaches to directly study the Fe site to experimentally quantify this bond. Alternatively, L-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) enables one to directly focus on the 3d-orbitals in a highly covalent environment and has previously been successfully applied to porphyrin model complexes. However, this technique cannot be extended to metalloproteins in solution. Here, we use metal K-edge XAS to obtain L-edge like data through 1s2p resonance inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS). It has been applied here to a bis-imidazole porphyrin model complex and cyt c. The RIXS data on the model complex are directly correlated to L-edge XAS data to develop the complementary nature of these two spectroscopic methods. Comparison between the bis-imidazole model complex and cyt c in ferrous and ferric oxidation states show quantitative differences that reflect differences in axial ligand covalency. The data reveal an increased covalency for the S(Met) relative to N(His) axial ligand and a higher degree of covalency for the ferric states relative to the ferrous states. These results are reproduced by DFT calculations, which are used to evaluate the thermodynamics of the Fe-S(Met) bond and its dependence on redox state. These results provide insight into a number of previous chemical and physical results on cyt c.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305, United States.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kroll
authors.forename: Ryan G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Hadt
authors.forename: Samuel A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: Marcus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lundberg
authors.forename: James J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.forename: Tsu-Chien
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Weng
authors.forename: Dimosthenis
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sokaras
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Alonso-Mori
authors.forename: Diego
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Casa
authors.forename: Mary H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Upton
authors.forename: Britt
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hedman
authors.forename: Keith O
authors.initials: KO
authors.lastname: Hodgson
authors.forename: Edward I
authors.initials: EI
authors.lastname: Solomon
mesh_terms: D045304:Cytochromes c / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D004579:Electron Transport; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000737:chemistry*; D007501:Iron / Q000737:chemistry*; D008665:Metalloporphyrins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D008715:Methionine / Q000737:chemistry*; D011789:Quantum Theory; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction
chemical_list: D007093:Imidazoles; D008665:Metalloporphyrins; D045304:Cytochromes c; D008715:Methionine; D007501:Iron