title: Using video-based observation research methods in primary care health encounters to evaluate complex interactions.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this paper is to describe the use of video-based observation research methods in primary care environment and highlight important methodological considerations and provide practical guidance for primary care and human factors researchers conducting video studies to understand patient-clinician interaction in primary care settings.
  
  
  METHODS
  We reviewed studies in the literature which used video methods in health care research, and we also used our own experience based on the video studies we conducted in primary care settings.
  
  
  RESULTS
  This paper highlighted the benefits of using video techniques, such as multi-channel recording and video coding, and compared "unmanned" video recording with the traditional observation method in primary care research. We proposed a list that can be followed step by step to conduct an effective video study in a primary care setting for a given problem. This paper also described obstacles, researchers should anticipate when using video recording methods in future studies.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  With the new technological improvements, video-based observation research is becoming a promising method in primary care and HFE research. Video recording has been under-utilised as a data collection tool because of confidentiality and privacy issues. However, it has many benefits as opposed to traditional observations, and recent studies using video recording methods have introduced new research areas and approaches.
authors.affiliation: Division of General Internal Medicine, Center for Patient Care and Outcomes Research, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
authors.forename: Onur
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Asan
authors.affiliation: Division of General Internal Medicine and Geriatrics Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 750 North Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL 60611, USA. enid.montague@northwestern.edu.
authors.forename: Enid
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Montague
mesh_terms: D006302:Health Services Research / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards*; D006801:Humans; D019370:Observation / Q000379:methods; D010817:Physician-Patient Relations; D011320:Primary Health Care / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards*; D011785:Quality Assurance, Health Care / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards*; D014743:Videotape Recording