title: Adherence to asthma treatments: 'we know, we intend, we advocate'.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To highlight the state of the art and the current outlook on the adherence to treatment in asthma, starting from the 'Manifesto on Adherence to asthma treatment in respiratory allergy' endorsed by the World Allergy Organization, Allergic Rhinitis and Its Impact on Asthma and Global Allergy, Asthma European Network, and Interasma.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Adherence to the pharmacological treatments of asthma is known to be low: about 50% of those who had been prescribed long-term treatment are nonadherent, at least part of the time. Nonadherence is associated with lack of asthma control, poor health outcomes, and increased costs. The reasons for suboptimal adherence are multifaceted and may be related to the patients, the treatment and asthma features, the physician-patient relationship, and the healthcare resources and facilities.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Taking into account the multidimensional nature of adherence, no single intervention or strategy is per se able to enhance it, but all players involved in the process (government authorities, patient organizations, scientific societies, stakeholders, and others) are called to work together to develop a combined action plan based on the patient's complexity.
authors.affiliation: aAllergy and Respiratory Diseases Department, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria IRCCS San Martino, Genoa bDepartment of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, IRCCS Fondazione Cà Granda Milan, Italy cDivision of Allergy, Department of Pediatrics, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Fulvio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Braido
authors.forename: Ilaria
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Baiardini
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Blasi
authors.forename: Ruby
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pawankar
authors.forename: Giorgio W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Canonica
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001249:Asthma / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy*; D006297:Health Services Accessibility; D006801:Humans; D055118:Medication Adherence; D010817:Physician-Patient Relations