title: Nucleoside antibiotics: biosynthesis, regulation, and biotechnology.
abstract: The alarming rise in antibiotic-resistant pathogens has coincided with a decline in the supply of new antibiotics. It is therefore of great importance to find and create new antibiotics. Nucleoside antibiotics are a large family of natural products with diverse biological functions. Their biosynthesis is a complex process through multistep enzymatic reactions and is subject to hierarchical regulation. Genetic and biochemical studies of the biosynthetic machinery have provided the basis for pathway engineering and combinatorial biosynthesis to create new or hybrid nucleoside antibiotics. Dissection of regulatory mechanisms is leading to strategies to increase the titer of bioactive nucleoside antibiotics.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No 1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China.
authors.forename: Guoqing
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Niu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No 1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China. Electronic address: tanhr@im.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Huarong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tan
mesh_terms: D000617:Aminoglycosides / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000737:chemistry; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000737:chemistry; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D001709:Biotechnology; D003562:Cytidine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000096:biosynthesis; D003596:Cytosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000737:chemistry; D005818:Genetic Engineering; D009705:Nucleosides / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D011741:Pyrimidine Nucleosides / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000617:Aminoglycosides; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000935:Antifungal Agents; D000998:Antiviral Agents; D009705:Nucleosides; D011741:Pyrimidine Nucleosides; C000594254:ningnanmycin; C004413:amicetin; C053076:arginomycin; C002457:polyoxin; D003562:Cytidine; C004500:blasticidin S; D003596:Cytosine; C011952:nikkomycin; C004942:gougerotin; C017539:mildiomycin
keywords: biosynthesis; genetic engineering; nucleoside antibiotics; regulation