title: Polyethylene glycol rinse solution: an effective way to prevent ischemia-reperfusion injury.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To test whether a new rinse solution containing polyethylene glycol 35 (PEG-35) could prevent ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) in liver grafts.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sprague-Dawley rat livers were stored in University of Wisconsin preservation solution and then washed with different rinse solutions (Ringer's lactate solution and a new rinse solution enriched with PEG-35 at either 1 or 5 g/L) before ex vivo perfusion with Krebs-Heinseleit buffer solution. We assessed the following: liver injury (transaminase levels), mitochondrial damage (glutamate dehydrogenase activity), liver function (bile output and vascular resistance), oxidative stress (malondialdehyde), nitric oxide, liver autophagy (Beclin-1 and LCB3) and cytoskeleton integrity (filament and globular actin fraction); as well as levels of metalloproteinases (MMP2 and MMP9), adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) and heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1).
  
  
  RESULTS
  When we used the PEG-35 rinse solution, reduced hepatic injury and improved liver function were noted after reperfusion. The PEG-35 rinse solution prevented oxidative stress, mitochondrial damage, and liver autophagy. Further, it increased the expression of cytoprotective heat shock proteins such as HO-1 and HSP70, activated AMPK, and contributed to the restoration of cytoskeleton integrity after IRI.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Using the rinse solution containing PEG-35 was effective for decreasing liver graft vulnerability to IRI.
authors.affiliation: Mohamed Amine Zaouali, Mohamed Bejaoui, Emma Folch-Puy, Eirini Pantazi, Joan Roselló-Catafau, Experimental Hepatic Ischemia-Reperfusion Unit, IIBB-CSIC, CSIC-IDIBAPS, 08036 Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Mohamed Amine
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Zaouali
authors.affiliation: Mohamed Amine Zaouali, Mohamed Bejaoui, Emma Folch-Puy, Eirini Pantazi, Joan Roselló-Catafau, Experimental Hepatic Ischemia-Reperfusion Unit, IIBB-CSIC, CSIC-IDIBAPS, 08036 Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Mohamed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bejaoui
authors.affiliation: Mohamed Amine Zaouali, Mohamed Bejaoui, Emma Folch-Puy, Eirini Pantazi, Joan Roselló-Catafau, Experimental Hepatic Ischemia-Reperfusion Unit, IIBB-CSIC, CSIC-IDIBAPS, 08036 Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Calvo
authors.affiliation: Mohamed Amine Zaouali, Mohamed Bejaoui, Emma Folch-Puy, Eirini Pantazi, Joan Roselló-Catafau, Experimental Hepatic Ischemia-Reperfusion Unit, IIBB-CSIC, CSIC-IDIBAPS, 08036 Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Emma
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Folch-Puy
authors.affiliation: Mohamed Amine Zaouali, Mohamed Bejaoui, Emma Folch-Puy, Eirini Pantazi, Joan Roselló-Catafau, Experimental Hepatic Ischemia-Reperfusion Unit, IIBB-CSIC, CSIC-IDIBAPS, 08036 Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Eirini
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Pantazi
authors.affiliation: Mohamed Amine Zaouali, Mohamed Bejaoui, Emma Folch-Puy, Eirini Pantazi, Joan Roselló-Catafau, Experimental Hepatic Ischemia-Reperfusion Unit, IIBB-CSIC, CSIC-IDIBAPS, 08036 Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Gianfranco
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pasut
authors.affiliation: Mohamed Amine Zaouali, Mohamed Bejaoui, Emma Folch-Puy, Eirini Pantazi, Joan Roselló-Catafau, Experimental Hepatic Ischemia-Reperfusion Unit, IIBB-CSIC, CSIC-IDIBAPS, 08036 Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Antoni
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rimola
authors.affiliation: Mohamed Amine Zaouali, Mohamed Bejaoui, Emma Folch-Puy, Eirini Pantazi, Joan Roselló-Catafau, Experimental Hepatic Ischemia-Reperfusion Unit, IIBB-CSIC, CSIC-IDIBAPS, 08036 Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Hassen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ben Abdennebi
authors.affiliation: Mohamed Amine Zaouali, Mohamed Bejaoui, Emma Folch-Puy, Eirini Pantazi, Joan Roselló-Catafau, Experimental Hepatic Ischemia-Reperfusion Unit, IIBB-CSIC, CSIC-IDIBAPS, 08036 Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: René
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Adam
authors.affiliation: Mohamed Amine Zaouali, Mohamed Bejaoui, Emma Folch-Puy, Eirini Pantazi, Joan Roselló-Catafau, Experimental Hepatic Ischemia-Reperfusion Unit, IIBB-CSIC, CSIC-IDIBAPS, 08036 Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Joan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Roselló-Catafau
mesh_terms: D000241:Adenosine / Q000494:pharmacology; D000493:Allopurinol / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D001343:Autophagy / Q000187:drug effects; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D050377:Cold Ischemia; D019610:Cytoprotection; D003599:Cytoskeleton / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005978:Glutathione / Q000494:pharmacology; D006498:Hepatectomy; D007328:Insulin / Q000494:pharmacology; D008099:Liver / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008111:Liver Function Tests; D008297:Male; D008930:Mitochondria, Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D009926:Organ Preservation / Q000379:methods*; D019188:Organ Preservation Solutions / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011887:Raffinose / Q000494:pharmacology; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D007328:Insulin; D019188:Organ Preservation Solutions; C055206:University of Wisconsin-lactobionate solution; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D000493:Allopurinol; D005978:Glutathione; D000241:Adenosine; D011887:Raffinose
keywords: Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase; Heat shock protein 70; Heme oxygenase 1; Ischemia-reperfusion injury; Liver transplantation; Liver washout; Metalloproteinases; Nitric oxide; Polyethylene glycol 35; Rinse solution