title: Current challenges for detection of circulating tumor cells and cell-free circulating nucleic acids, and their characterization in non-small cell lung carcinoma patients. What is the best blood substrate for personalized medicine?
abstract: The practice of "liquid biopsy" as a diagnostic, prognostic and theranostic tool in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients is an appealing approach, at least in theory, since it is noninvasive and easily repeated. In particular, this approach allows patient monitoring during treatment, as well as the detection of different genomic alterations that are potentially accessible to targeted therapy or are associated with treatment resistance. However, clinical routine practice is slow to adopt the liquid biopsy. Several reasons may explain this: (I) the vast number of methods described for potential detection of circulating biomarkers, without a consensus on the ideal technical approach; (II) the multiplicity of potential biomarkers for evaluation, in particular, circulating tumor cells (CTCs) vs. circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA); (III) the difficulty in controlling the pre-analytical phase to obtain robust and reproducible results; (IV) the present cost of the currently available techniques, which limits accessibility to patients; (V) the turnaround time required to obtain results that are incompatible with the urgent need for delivery of treatment. The purpose of this review is to describe the main advances in the field of CTC and ctDNA detection in NSCLC patients and to compare the main advantages and disadvantages of these two approaches.
authors.affiliation: 1 INSERM U1081/CNRS UMR7284, Team 3, University of Nice Sophia Antipolis, Antoine Lacassagne Cancer Center, Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging, Nice (IRCAN), Nice, France ; 2 Human Biobank, 3 Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Pasteur Hospital, Nice, France ; 4 Cancer Research Association (ARC) Labelled Team, Villejuif, France ; 5 Department of Pneumology, Pasteur Hospital, Nice, France.
authors.forename: Marius
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ilie
authors.affiliation: 1 INSERM U1081/CNRS UMR7284, Team 3, University of Nice Sophia Antipolis, Antoine Lacassagne Cancer Center, Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging, Nice (IRCAN), Nice, France ; 2 Human Biobank, 3 Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Pasteur Hospital, Nice, France ; 4 Cancer Research Association (ARC) Labelled Team, Villejuif, France ; 5 Department of Pneumology, Pasteur Hospital, Nice, France.
authors.forename: Véronique
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Hofman
authors.affiliation: 1 INSERM U1081/CNRS UMR7284, Team 3, University of Nice Sophia Antipolis, Antoine Lacassagne Cancer Center, Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging, Nice (IRCAN), Nice, France ; 2 Human Biobank, 3 Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Pasteur Hospital, Nice, France ; 4 Cancer Research Association (ARC) Labelled Team, Villejuif, France ; 5 Department of Pneumology, Pasteur Hospital, Nice, France.
authors.forename: Elodie
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Long
authors.affiliation: 1 INSERM U1081/CNRS UMR7284, Team 3, University of Nice Sophia Antipolis, Antoine Lacassagne Cancer Center, Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging, Nice (IRCAN), Nice, France ; 2 Human Biobank, 3 Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Pasteur Hospital, Nice, France ; 4 Cancer Research Association (ARC) Labelled Team, Villejuif, France ; 5 Department of Pneumology, Pasteur Hospital, Nice, France.
authors.forename: Olivier
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Bordone
authors.affiliation: 1 INSERM U1081/CNRS UMR7284, Team 3, University of Nice Sophia Antipolis, Antoine Lacassagne Cancer Center, Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging, Nice (IRCAN), Nice, France ; 2 Human Biobank, 3 Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Pasteur Hospital, Nice, France ; 4 Cancer Research Association (ARC) Labelled Team, Villejuif, France ; 5 Department of Pneumology, Pasteur Hospital, Nice, France.
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Selva
authors.affiliation: 1 INSERM U1081/CNRS UMR7284, Team 3, University of Nice Sophia Antipolis, Antoine Lacassagne Cancer Center, Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging, Nice (IRCAN), Nice, France ; 2 Human Biobank, 3 Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Pasteur Hospital, Nice, France ; 4 Cancer Research Association (ARC) Labelled Team, Villejuif, France ; 5 Department of Pneumology, Pasteur Hospital, Nice, France.
authors.forename: Kevin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Washetine
authors.affiliation: 1 INSERM U1081/CNRS UMR7284, Team 3, University of Nice Sophia Antipolis, Antoine Lacassagne Cancer Center, Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging, Nice (IRCAN), Nice, France ; 2 Human Biobank, 3 Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Pasteur Hospital, Nice, France ; 4 Cancer Research Association (ARC) Labelled Team, Villejuif, France ; 5 Department of Pneumology, Pasteur Hospital, Nice, France.
authors.forename: Charles Hugo
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Marquette
authors.affiliation: 1 INSERM U1081/CNRS UMR7284, Team 3, University of Nice Sophia Antipolis, Antoine Lacassagne Cancer Center, Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging, Nice (IRCAN), Nice, France ; 2 Human Biobank, 3 Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Pasteur Hospital, Nice, France ; 4 Cancer Research Association (ARC) Labelled Team, Villejuif, France ; 5 Department of Pneumology, Pasteur Hospital, Nice, France.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hofman
keywords: Lung cancer; circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA); circulating tumor cells (CTCs); methods; personalized medicine; pre-analytical phase