title: Genetic research at a fivefold children's burial from medieval Berlin.
abstract: Berlin originated from the two twin cities Berlin and Cölln, which both were founded at the beginning of the 13th century. However the real date of their foundation as well as the origin of the first settlers is still unknown. On the Berlin site the historic city center is still visible in the Nikolaiviertel, but the medieval origin of Cölln disappeared almost completely. In 2007 a large scale excavation, which comprised an area of about 1700m(2) of the historical center of the St. Peters church, recovers the remains of Cölln's first citizens and span a period of 500 years of medieval population. Here we present the first genetic analysis of a fivefold children's burial from excavations in Berlin. The genetic data unveiled next to ancestry and eye color data also the kinship and the gender of the five individuals. Together with the archeological context the new gained information help to shed more light on the possible reasons for this burial.
authors.affiliation: Department of Forensic Genetics, Institute of Legal Medicine and Forensic Sciences, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany. Electronic address: jessica.rothe@charite.de.
authors.forename: Jessica
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rothe
authors.affiliation: Humboldt University Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Melisch
authors.affiliation: MOLA (Museum of London Archaeology), London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Natasha
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Powers
authors.affiliation: Department of Forensic Genetics, Institute of Legal Medicine and Forensic Sciences, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Geppert
authors.affiliation: Department of Forensic Genetics, Institute of Legal Medicine and Forensic Sciences, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Judith
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zander
authors.affiliation: Department of Forensic Genetics, Institute of Legal Medicine and Forensic Sciences, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Josephine
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Purps
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrician Radiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Birgit
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Spors
authors.affiliation: Department of Forensic Genetics, Institute of Legal Medicine and Forensic Sciences, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Marion
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nagy
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D041322:Chromosomes, Human, Y; D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial / Q000235:genetics; D005190:Family; D005655:Funeral Rites; D005826:Genetics, Medical; D005858:Germany; D049691:History, Medieval; D006801:Humans
chemical_list: D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial
keywords: Ancient DNA; Medieval multiple burial; Medieval population of Berlin; St. Peters square (Petriplatz)