title: Interactive effect of acute sympathetic activation and exercise intensity on the dynamic response characteristics of vascular conductance in the human calf muscle.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The effect of acute activation of the sympathetic nervous system on the dynamic response of muscle hyperaemia during exercise at different intensities is not clear.
  
  
  METHODS
  To explore this, six men performed 16, 5-min bouts of intermittent calf contractions at two intensities (25 and 50 % MVC) and two levels of sympathetic activation (CPT cold pressor test, CON control). Mean arterial pressure (MAP) and leg vascular conductance (LVC leg blood flow/MAP) were measured during rest and contractions (3 s intervals), and dynamic response characteristics of LVC were estimated using curve-fitting and empirical modeling.
  
  
  RESULTS
  MAP was ~20 % greater (P ≤ 0.05) during CPT than CON before and during initial contractions at both intensities. At 25 % MVC, CPT reduced the exercise-induced change in LVC (0.109 vs 0.125 ml 100 ml(-1 )min(-1 )mmHg(-1); P < 0.05), an effect attributed to the reduction in the amplitude of the fast growth phase (0.091 vs 0.128 1 ml 100 ml(-1 )min(-1 )mmHg(-1); P < 0.05). At 50 % MVC, CPT also blunted the fast growth phase (0.147 vs 0.189 ml 100 ml(-1 )min(-1 )mmHg(-1); P < 0.05), but the total change in LVC during exercise was unaffected because of a significant reduction in the amplitude of the rapid decay phase and tendency (P = 0.1) for a lower amplitude of the slow decay phase.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Increased sympathetic constraint of vasodilation persists during initial contractions but is overcome at the high intensity by a mechanism apparently related to hyperaemic decay.
authors.affiliation: School of Science and Health, University of Western Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia, simon.green@uws.edu.au.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Green
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cameron
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007866:Leg / Q000098:blood supply*; D008297:Male; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000502:physiology*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000098:blood supply / Q000502:physiology*; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000502:physiology; D012039:Regional Blood Flow / Q000502:physiology*; D013564:Sympathetic Nervous System / Q000502:physiology*; D014664:Vasodilation / Q000502:physiology; D055815:Young Adult