title: Simultaneous quantification and validation of new peroxynitrite scavengers from Artemisia iwayomogi.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Artemisia iwayomogi Kitamura (Compositae) has been very widely used for the treatment of acute or chronic hepatitis, jaundice, and gastritis. In the course of our continuing efforts to identify and quantify peroxynitrite scavengers from Compositae plants, A. iwayomogi was used in this study.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The present study was aimed to identify and quantify the peroxynitrite scavengers of A. iwayomogi.
  
  
  METHODS
  Silica gel and ODS were used for column chromatography. The isolated compounds were quantified using an HPLC equipped with a Capcell Pak C18 column (5 μm, 250 mm × 4.6 mm i.d.), and the method was validated for the quality control. Peroxynitrite (ONOO(-))-scavenging activities of the compounds and extracts were evaluated on the measurement of highly fluorescent rhodamine 123 converted from non-fluorescent dihydrorhodamine (DHR)-123 under the presence of peroxynitrite.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Based on the spectroscopic evidences, a new compound, 2"-O-caffeoylrutin (2"-O-trans-caffeic acid ester of quercetin 3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1 → 6)-β-D-glucopyranoside) was isolated and determined together with patuletin 3-O-glucoside, scopolin, scopoletin, rutin, 3,4-dicaffeoylquinic acid, and chlorogenic acid. All of them were potent peroxynitrite scavengers (IC50 ≤ 1.88 μg/mL).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The peroxynitrite scavengers were mainly distributed in the EtOAc fraction rather than the ether and BuOH fractions. The 70% MeOH extract exhibited a high peroxynitrite-scavenging activity. Through the validation, the present HPLC method was verified to be sufficiently sensitive, accurate, precise, and stable. Therefore, this method can be used for the quality control of A. iwayomogi.
authors.affiliation: Department of Agro-industrial Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Lambung Mangkurat University , Banjarbaru , Indonesia .
authors.forename: Agung
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nugroho
authors.forename: Sang-Cheol
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.forename: Subash
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Karki
authors.forename: Jae Sue
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Hee-Juhn
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Park
mesh_terms: D019306:Artemisia; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D030421:Peroxynitrous Acid / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D035261:Plant Components, Aerial; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification*
chemical_list: D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D010936:Plant Extracts; D030421:Peroxynitrous Acid
keywords: Compositae; HPLC; caffeoylrutin; peroxynitrite scavenger