title: How combined trip purposes are associated with transport choice for short distance trips. Results from a cross-sectional study in the Netherlands.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  One way to increase physical activity is to stimulate a shift from car use to walking or cycling. In single-purpose trips, purpose was found to be an important predictor of transport choice. However, as far as known, no studies have been conducted to see how trips with combined purposes affect this decision. This study was designed to provide insight into associations between combined purposes and transport choice.
  
  
  METHODS
  An online questionnaire (N = 3,663) was used to collect data concerning transport choice for four primary purposes: shopping, going to public natural spaces, sports, and commuting. Per combination of primary trip purpose and transport choice, participants were asked to give examples of secondary purposes that they combine with the primary purpose. Logistic regression analyses were used to model the odds of both cycling and walking versus car use.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Primary trip purposes combined with commuting, shopping, visiting private contacts or medical care were more likely to be made by car than by cycling or walking. Combinations with visiting catering facilities, trips to social infrastructure facilities, recreational outings, trips to facilities for the provision of daily requirements or private contacts during the trip were more likely to be made by walking and/or cycling than by car.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Combined trip purposes were found to be associated with transport choice. When stimulating active transport focus should be on the combined-trip purposes which were more likely to be made by car, namely trips combined with commuting, other shopping, visiting private contacts or medical care.
authors.affiliation: VU University Amsterdam, Department of Health Sciences and EMGO institute for Health and Care Research, De Boelelaan 1105, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Centre for Nutrition, Prevention and Health Services, PO Box 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Eline
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Scheepers
authors.affiliation: VU University Amsterdam, Department of Health Sciences and EMGO institute for Health and Care Research, De Boelelaan 1105, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Centre for Nutrition, Prevention and Health Services, PO Box 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Minke
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Slinger
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Centre for Nutrition, Prevention and Health Services, PO Box 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Wanda
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wendel-Vos
authors.affiliation: VU University Amsterdam, Department of Health Sciences and EMGO institute for Health and Care Research, De Boelelaan 1105, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Centre for Nutrition, Prevention and Health Services, PO Box 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Jantine
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schuit
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001642:Bicycling; D002755:Choice Behavior; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009426:Netherlands; D014186:Transportation; D014195:Travel; D016138:Walking