title: Association of macular pigment optical density with serum concentration of oxidized low-density lipoprotein in healthy adults.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyze the association between macular pigment optical density (MPOD), which reflects lutein (L), zeaxanthin (Z), and meso-zeaxanthin (MZ) in the macula, and background characteristics.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-five healthy adult volunteers were analyzed. Macular pigment optical density was measured using a heterochromatic flicker photometry technique, and serum concentrations of carotenoids and lipoproteins were by high-performance liquid chromatography and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. Dietary intake of nutrient was determined by a validated self-administered questionnaire on ingestion frequency.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Macular pigment optical density was positively correlated with serum concentrations of L and Z and dietary L intake and inversely correlated with serum oxidized low-density lipoprotein (LDL). Although MPOD decreased with age (95% confidence interval, -0.011 to -0.002; correlation coefficient, -0.269; P = 0.007), serum L/Z and dietary L intake did not. In contrast, serum oxidized LDL was positively correlated with age (95% confidence interval, 0.69-2.34; correlation coefficient, 0.333; P = 0.0004). After adjusting for age, sex, and oxidized LDL, serum L was positively correlated with MPOD (95% confidence interval, 0.88-1.69; P = 0.000001). After adjusting for age, sex, and serum L, serum oxidized LDL was inversely correlated with MPOD (95% confidence interval, -0.002 to -0.0004; P = 0.006).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Macular pigment optical density was inversely correlated with serum oxidized LDL. Further study to know the impact of oxidized LDL on MPOD may be warranted.
authors.affiliation: *Laboratory of Retinal Cell Biology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; †Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; and ‡Wakasa Seikatsu Corporation, Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Norihiro
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nagai
authors.forename: Kanako
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Izumi-Nagai
authors.forename: Misa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: Hajime
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shinoda
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Koto
authors.forename: Atsuro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Uchida
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mochimaru
authors.forename: Yohei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tomita
authors.forename: Seiji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Miyake
authors.forename: Saori
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.forename: Mariko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sasaki
authors.forename: Kazuo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tsubota
authors.forename: Yoko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ozawa
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D003720:Densitometry; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D064368:Healthy Volunteers; D006801:Humans; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL / Q000097:blood*; D014975:Lutein / Q000032:analysis*; D008266:Macula Lutea / Q000737:chemistry*; D065348:Macular Pigment / Q000032:analysis*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010783:Photometry / Q000379:methods; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult; D065146:Zeaxanthins / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL; D065348:Macular Pigment; D065146:Zeaxanthins; C099252:oxidized low density lipoprotein; C584722:meso-zeaxanthin; D014975:Lutein