title: Advanced cell therapies for articular cartilage regeneration.
abstract: Advanced cell-based therapies are promising approaches for stimulating full regeneration of cartilage lesions. In addition to a few commercially available medicinal products, several clinical and preclinical studies are ongoing worldwide. In preclinical settings, high-quality cartilage tissue has been produced using combination strategies involving stem or progenitor cells, biomaterials, and biomolecules to generate a construct for implantation at the lesion site. Cell numbers and mechanical stimulation of the constructs are not commonly considered, but are important parameters to be evaluated in forthcoming clinical studies. We review current clinical and preclinical studies for advanced therapy cartilage regeneration and evaluate the progress of the field.
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioengineering and Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal. Electronic address: catarina.madeira@tecnico.ulisboa.pt.
authors.forename: Catarina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Madeira
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioengineering and Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal.
authors.forename: Aruna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Santhagunam
authors.affiliation: Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental, Entidade Pública Empresarial (EPE) Hospital São Francisco Xavier, Estrada do Forte do Alto do Duque, 1449-005 Lisboa, Portugal.
authors.forename: João B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Salgueiro
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioengineering and Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal.
authors.forename: Joaquim M S
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Cabral
mesh_terms: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D002358:Cartilage, Articular / Q000502:physiology*; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D064987:Cell- and Tissue-Based Therapy; D019902:Chondrocytes / Q000502:physiology; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D015316:Genetic Therapy / Q000379:methods / Q000639:trends; D012038:Regeneration; D044968:Regenerative Medicine / Q000639:trends; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods / Q000639:trends
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials
keywords: advanced therapies; articular cartilage; chondrocytes; stem cells; tissue engineering