title: The effect of monitoring 'processing style' on post-surgical neuropathic pain in women with breast cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Pain is a commonly reported symptom following surgery that is more likely to occur in individuals psychologically distressed prior to surgery. Monitoring processing style, a cognitive tendency to focus on health-related threats, has been associated with increased reporting of somatic symptoms, but no studies have specifically addressed the link between this cognitive style and pain. This prospective clinical study aimed to investigate whether monitoring processing style predicted post-surgical pain in women undergoing breast surgery, controlling for pre-surgical psychological distress.
  
  
  METHODS
  Women scheduled to undergo breast cancer surgery (N = 106) completed pre-surgical assessments of monitoring processing style (Miller Behavioral Style Scale) and psychological distress (Depression Anxiety Stress Scales-21). Demographic and medical characteristics were documented. Self-reported neuropathic pain (Neuropathic Pain Scale) was assessed at 3 months post surgery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Post-surgical neuropathic pain levels were low to moderate (M = 19.3, SD = 21.1). Higher pre-surgical monitoring processing style scores significantly predicted higher post-surgical neuropathic pain (β = 0.23, p = 0.023), over and above psychological stress (β = 0.22, p = 0.020) and age (β = -0.25, p = 0.011).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pre-surgical monitoring processing style was an independent predictor of post-surgical neuropathic pain, even when accounting for pre-surgical psychological distress. Since the reduction of post-surgical pain is a key goal of healthcare, efforts should be made prior to breast cancer surgery to counsel and support individuals with high monitoring processing styles irrespective of their level of distress.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Emotional Health, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia; Westmead Breast Cancer Institute, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia.
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Sherman
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Winch
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Koukoulis
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Koelmeyer
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological / Q000502:physiology*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000150:complications* / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009437:Neuralgia / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology*; D010149:Postoperative Pain; D011184:Postoperative Period; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult