title: Arabidopsis ROOT HAIR DEFECTIVE3 is involved in nitrogen starvation-induced anthocyanin accumulation.
abstract: Anthocyanin accumulation is a common phenomenon seen in plants under environmental stress. In this study, we identified a new allele of ROOT HAIR DEFECTIVE3 (RHD3) showing an anthocyanin overaccumulation phenotype under nitrogen starvation conditions. It is known that ethylene negatively regulates light- and sucrose-induced anthocyanin biosynthesis. We hypothesized that RHD3 achieves its negative effect on anthocyanin biosynthesis via an ethylene-regulating pathway. In support of this, similar to rhd3 mutants, the Arabidopsis ethylene signaling mutants etr1, ein2, and ein3/eil1 showed an anthocyanin overaccumulation phenotype under nitrogen starvation conditions. The ethylene precursor ACC strongly suppressed anthocyanin accumulation, dependent on ETR1, EIN2, EIN3/EIL1, and, partially, RHD3. In addition, inactivating RHD3 partially reversed the suppressive effect of ETO1 inactivation-evoked endogenous ethylene production on anthocyanin accumulation. The expression of nitrogen starvation-induced anthocyanin biosynthesis genes was negatively regulated by RHD3, but ethylene response genes were positively regulated by RHD3. Wild-type seedlings overexpressing RHD3 showed similar phenotypes to rhd3 mutants, indicating the existence of a fine-tuned relationship between gene expression and function. RHD3 was initially identified as a gene involved in root hair development. This study uncovered a new physiological function of RHD3 in nitrogen starvation-induced anthocyanin accumulation and ethylene homeostasis. [Correction added on 6 August 2015, after first online publication: "RND3" corrected to "RHD3".].
authors.affiliation: College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China.
authors.forename: Ju
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China.
authors.forename: Chunli
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China.
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China.
authors.forename: Ting
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ge
authors.affiliation: College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China.
authors.forename: Zhi
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Qi
authors.affiliation: College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kang
mesh_terms: D000483:Alleles; D000598:Amino Acids, Cyclic / Q000378:metabolism; D000872:Anthocyanins / Q000378:metabolism*; D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D001483:Base Sequence; D053898:Biosynthetic Pathways / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D032461:Chromosomes, Plant / Q000235:genetics; D005030:Ethylenes / Q000494:pharmacology; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant / Q000187:drug effects; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000172:deficiency* / Q000494:pharmacology; D010641:Phenotype; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide / Q000235:genetics; D011485:Protein Binding / Q000187:drug effects; D014176:Protein Biosynthesis / Q000187:drug effects; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects; D020798:Two-Hybrid System Techniques
chemical_list: D000598:Amino Acids, Cyclic; D000872:Anthocyanins; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D005030:Ethylenes; C023863:1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid; C036216:ethylene; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins; C464507:RHD3 protein, Arabidopsis; D009584:Nitrogen
keywords: Anthocyanin; ROOT HAIR DEFECTIVE3; ethylene signaling pathway