title: Khz (fusion product of Ganoderma lucidum and Polyporus umbellatus mycelia) induces apoptosis in human colon carcinoma HCT116 cells, accompanied by an increase in reactive oxygen species, activation of caspase 3, and increased intracellular Ca²⁺.
abstract: Khz (a fusion mycelium of Ganoderma lucidum and Polyporus umbellatus mycelia) is isolated from ganoderic acid and P. umbellatus and it exerts antiproliferative effects against malignant cells. However, no previous study has reported the inhibitory effects of Khz on the growth of human colon cancer cells. In the present study, we found that Khz suppressed cell division and induced apoptosis in HCT116 cells. Khz cytotoxicity was measured using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Khz reduced cell viability and mitochondrial membrane potential levels and it also induced disruption of the mitochondrial membrane potential and increased calcium concentration and reactive oxygen species generation. Khz increased caspase 3, PARP, caspase 7, and caspase 9 levels, but reduced Bcl-2 protein levels. Flow cytometry showed that the percentage of HCT116 cells in the sub-G1 phase of the cell cycle increased in response to Khz treatment.
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Radiotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University , Nanning, China .
authors.forename: Tae Hwan
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Ju Sung
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Zoo Haye
authors.initials: ZH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Ren Bin
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Young Lye
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Chae
authors.forename: Ren Sheng
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D001688:Biological Products / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects; D003106:Colon / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D016193:G1 Phase; D045325:HCT116 Cells; D006801:Humans; D053078:Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial / Q000187:drug effects; D025282:Mycelium; D055492:Polyporus; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D020940:Reishi
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D001688:Biological Products; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D053148:Caspase 3; D002118:Calcium
keywords: Ganoderma lucidum; Khz; apoptosis; fusion; mitochondrial membrane potential; reactive oxygen species