title: Processing fluency effects: can the content and presentation of participant information sheets influence recruitment and participation for an antenatal intervention?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the extent to which the title and font of participant information sheets (PISs) can influence pregnant women's and trainee midwives' perceptions of an antenatal intervention.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pregnant women (n=35) and trainee midwives (n=36) were randomly presented with one of four PISs where the title and font of the PIS had been manipulated to create four experimental conditions (i.e., Double Fluent; Double Awkward; Fluent Title-Awkward Font; Awkward Title-Fluent Font). After reading the PIS, participants rated their perceptions of the intervention (i.e., Attractiveness, Complexity, Expected Risk, Required Effort) using five-point Likert scales.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A 4×2 factorial multivariate analysis of variance revealed that pregnant women rated the Double Awkward condition as significantly more complex than the Double Fluent (p=.024) and Awkward Title-Fluent Font (p=.021) conditions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Font influenced pregnant women's ratings of intervention complexity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results have implications for ethical recruitment, and in turn, the optimisation of corresponding interventions.
authors.affiliation: Research Institute for Sport, Physical Activity & Leisure, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK. Electronic address: A.J.Manley@leedsbeckett.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Andrew J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Manley
authors.affiliation: The School of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Work, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
authors.forename: Tina
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lavender
authors.affiliation: The School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
authors.forename: Debbie M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Smith
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008880:Midwifery; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D010174:Pamphlets; D018579:Patient Selection; D011247:Pregnancy; D037841:Pregnant People / Q000523:psychology*; D011295:Prenatal Care / Q000379:methods; D011932:Reading
keywords: Cognitive processes; Intervention studies; Judgement; Participant recruitment; Professional standards; Research Ethics