title: Radiographic evaluation of mandible to predict the gender and age.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study is been conducted using digital panoramic radiographs for predicting age in various age groups and the accuracy of the parameters were accessed as age advances.
  
  
  METHODS
  The selected 300 panoramic images were divided into 3 age group of Group A (25-34 years), Group B (35-44 years), and Group C (45 -54 years). Each group comprised of 100 subjects in which 50 were males & 50 females. The age changes were evaluated using five parameters collectively, which were: Gonial angle, Antegonial angle, Mental foramen, Mandibular canal, Mandibular foramen. These parameters were evaluated on panoramic radiographs for age prediction and changes in their position as age advances.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among all the parameters changes in Mandibular canal and mandibular foramen was found to be highly significant (p value ≤0.05) as age advances.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These parameters can be used to predict the age of the individual as there were significant changes in Mandibular canal and Mandibular foramen as age advances. For Further studies large sample size, and recent modalities in radiography like CBCT or CT scan are required.
authors.affiliation: PG Student, Department of Oral Medicine & Radiology, K.D Dental College and Hospital , NH#2; Chattikara, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India .
authors.forename: Deepti
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bhardwaj
authors.affiliation: Professor and HOD, Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, K.D Dental College and Hospital , NH#2; Chattikara, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India .
authors.forename: Jyothi Shiv
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.affiliation: Reader, Department of Oral Medicine & Radiology, K.D Dental College and Hospital , NH#2; Chattikara, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India .
authors.forename: Vinay
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Mohan
keywords: Ante gonial angle; Gonial angle; Mandibular canal; Mandibular foramen; Mental foramen; Panoramic radiography