title: Enzymatic hydrolysis: a method in alleviating legume allergenicity.
abstract: Legumes are involved in IgE mediated food allergy in many countries. Avoidance of allergenic food is the only way to avoid symptomatic reaction. The present study investigated the effect of enzymatic hydrolysis on the allergenicity of three legumes - kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris), black gram (Vigna mungo) and peanut (Arachis hypogaea). Soluble protein extracts of the study legumes were sequentially treated by Alcalase(®) and Flavourzyme(®). Allergenicity of hydrolysates was then determined by ELISA, immunoblot, stripped basophil histamine release and skin prick test (SPT). Hydrolysis resulted in the loss of all IgE binding fractions determined by immunoblot in the three legumes. Specific IgE binding in ELISA was reduced by 62.2 ± 7.7%, 87.1 ± 9.6% and 91.8 ± 7.2% in the hydrolysates of kidney bean, black gram and peanut, respectively (p < 0.01). The release of histamine was decreased significantly when sensitized basophils were challenged with hydrolysates as compared to raw extracts. Significant reduction in the biopotency of hydrolysates was also observed in SPT where only 1/10 kidney bean-sensitive individuals, 2/6 black gram-sensitive individuals and 1/7 peanut-sensitive individuals were found positive to their respective hydrolysates. In conclusion, enzymatic hydrolysis is effective in attenuating allergenicity of legume proteins and may be employed for preparing hypoallergenic food extracts.
authors.affiliation: Allergy and Immunology Section, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi 110007, India.
authors.forename: Ramkrashan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kasera
authors.affiliation: Allergy and Immunology Section, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi 110007, India.
authors.forename: A B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: USLavasa Medical and Research Center, Chandigarh 160015, India.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lavasa
authors.affiliation: Bengaluru Allergy Centre, Bangalore 560027, India.
authors.forename: Komarla Nagendra
authors.initials: KN
authors.lastname: Prasad
authors.affiliation: Allergy and Immunology Section, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi 110007, India. Electronic address: naveen@igib.res.in.
authors.forename: Naveen
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Arora
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000485:Allergens / Q000276:immunology; D052179:Antigens, Plant / Q000276:immunology; D010367:Arachis / Q000276:immunology; D001491:Basophils / Q000276:immunology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D010450:Endopeptidases / Q000378:metabolism*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D007887:Fabaceae / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D005512:Food Hypersensitivity / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D064368:Healthy Volunteers; D006632:Histamine / Q000378:metabolism; D006636:Histamine Release; D006801:Humans; D006868:Hydrolysis; D007073:Immunoglobulin E / Q000097:blood; D020128:Inhibitory Concentration 50; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000276:immunology; D011492:Protein Hydrolysates / Q000276:immunology; D012882:Skin Tests; D013381:Subtilisins / Q000378:metabolism*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000485:Allergens; D052179:Antigens, Plant; D010940:Plant Proteins; D011492:Protein Hydrolysates; D007073:Immunoglobulin E; D006632:Histamine; D010450:Endopeptidases; C412470:flavourzyme; D013381:Subtilisins
keywords: Enzymatic hydrolysis; Food allergy; Histamine; Legumes; Skin prick test