title: Endoscopic endonasal dacryocystorhinostomy with ostial stent intubation following nasolacrimal duct stent incarceration.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the feasibility of endoscopic endonasal dacryocystorhinostomy (EE-DCR) with novel lacrimal ostial stent (LOS) intubation for patients with chronic dacryocystitis with incarceration of a previously implanted nasolacrimal duct stent (NDS).
  
  
  METHODS
  According to surgical procedure, 166 patients (167 eyes) were divided into two groups: EE-DCR with LOS intubation was performed on 126 patients (127 eyes) in the EE-DCR group; while external dacryocystorhinostomy (E-DCR) with silicone tube intubation was performed on 40 patients (40 eyes) in the E-DCR group. The LOS or silicone tube was retained for 3-6 months. All patients were followed up for 12-36 months. Success rate of tear drainage reconstruction (TDR) and complications were retrospectively compared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Excluding patients with early detachment of the LOS or the silicone tube, or with incomplete follow-up period, 117 patients (117 eyes) in the EE-DCR group and 36 patients (36 eyes) in the E-DCR group were included. The mean surgical time was 45.8 ± 11.5 min in the EE-DCR group and 68.1 ± 23.8 min in the E-DCR group (p < 0.001). Intraoperatively, the lacrimal sac was observed to become very small and its walls were thin, hyperemic and fragile, firmly attaching to the NDS by fibrous bands in all eyes. Upon final review, success rate of TDR was 83.8% (98/117) in the EE-DCR group, while 58.3% (21/36) in the E-DCR group (p < 0.01). Failure of TDR due to ostial closure by excessive fibrosis occurred in 14 out of 19 patients in the EE-DCR group, significantly less than the 11 out of 15 patients with failed TDR in the E-DCR group (χ(2 )= 6.959, p < 0.01). No significant difference existed in failures due to granuloma occluding the ostium or common canaliculus obstruction.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  EE-DCR with LOS intubation may be an effective procedure to manage the special subgroup of patients with chronic dacryocystitis with incarcerations of a previously implanted NDS.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Ophthalmology , Jinhua Center Hospital , Jinhua , Zhejiang , People's Republic of China .
authors.forename: Xiaopeng
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: b Department of Orbital & Oculoplastic Surgery , Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou , Zhejiang , People's Republic of China and.
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Bian
authors.affiliation: b Department of Orbital & Oculoplastic Surgery , Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou , Zhejiang , People's Republic of China and.
authors.forename: Wentao
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.affiliation: c Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine , Miami , FL , USA.
authors.forename: Pelaez
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Daniel
authors.affiliation: b Department of Orbital & Oculoplastic Surgery , Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou , Zhejiang , People's Republic of China and.
authors.forename: Yunhai
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tu
authors.affiliation: b Department of Orbital & Oculoplastic Surgery , Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou , Zhejiang , People's Republic of China and.
authors.forename: Wencan
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002908:Chronic Disease; D017076:Computer-Aided Design; D003607:Dacryocystitis / Q000601:surgery*; D003608:Dacryocystorhinostomy / Q000379:methods*; D020878:Device Removal; D004724:Endoscopy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007440:Intubation / Q000295:instrumentation*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009301:Nasolacrimal Duct / Q000601:surgery*; D011475:Prosthesis Failure; D012826:Silicone Elastomers; D015607:Stents
chemical_list: D012826:Silicone Elastomers
keywords: Chronic dacryocystitis; dacryocystorhinostomy; endoscopic endonasal; external dacryocystorhinostomy; intubation; nasolacrimal duct stent incarceration; ostial stent