title: Influence of repeated daily menthol exposure on human temperature regulation and perception.
abstract: A single exposure to menthol can, depending on concentration, enhance both cool sensations and encourage body heat storage. This study tested whether there is an habituation in either response after repeated-daily exposures. Twenty-two participants were assigned to one of three spray groups: Control (CON; n=6), 0.05% L-menthol (M(0.05%); n=8), and 0.2% L-menthol (M(0.2%); n=8). On Monday (20°C, 50% rh) participants were sprayed with 100 mL of solution and undertook 40 min of cycling at 45% of their peak power (Ex1), from Tuesday to Thursday (30°C, 50% rh) they were sprayed twice daily whilst resting (R1 to R6), Friday was a repeat of Monday (Ex2). Thermal sensation (TS), thermal comfort, perceived exertion, irritation, rectal and skin temperature (Tsk), skin blood flow (SkBF) and sweat rate were monitored. A two-way ANOVA (alpha=0.05) compared responses from the beginning (Ex1, R1) and end (Ex2, R5) of the testing week. M(0.2%) induced significantly (P<0.05) cooler TS at the beginning of the week (Ex1, R1) compared to the end (Ex2, R5), indicating habituation of TS; this was not observed in M(0.05%). No other perceptual or physiological responses habituated. 0.2% Menthol caused a heat storage response, mediated by vasoconstriction, at the beginning and end of the week, suggesting the habituation of TS occurred in a pathway specific to sensation. In summary, the cooling influence of 0.2% menthol habituates after repeated-daily exposures, but with no habituation in heat storage.
authors.affiliation: Extreme Environments Laboratory, Department of Sport and Exercise Science, The University of Portsmouth, UK. Electronic address: jason.gillis@salemstate.edu.
authors.forename: D Jason
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Gillis
authors.affiliation: Extreme Environments Laboratory, Department of Sport and Exercise Science, The University of Portsmouth, UK.
authors.forename: Neil
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Weston
authors.affiliation: Extreme Environments Laboratory, Department of Sport and Exercise Science, The University of Portsmouth, UK.
authors.forename: James R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: House
authors.affiliation: Extreme Environments Laboratory, Department of Sport and Exercise Science, The University of Portsmouth, UK.
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Tipton
mesh_terms: D001642:Bicycling / Q000502:physiology; D001833:Body Temperature Regulation / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology*; D003879:Dermatologic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology; D006185:Habituation, Psychophysiologic / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008610:Menthol / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D010465:Perception / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology*; D012039:Regional Blood Flow / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D012146:Rest / Q000502:physiology; D013546:Sweating / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D014867:Water / Q000008:administration & dosage; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D003879:Dermatologic Agents; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents; D014867:Water; D008610:Menthol
keywords: Cold receptor TRPM8; Habituation; Menthol; Perception; Thermoregulation