title: Serum concentrations of haptoglobin and haptoglobin-matrix metalloproteinase 9 (Hp-MMP 9) complexes of bovine calves in a bacterial respiratory challenge model.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Serum haptoglobin (Hp) and haptoglobin matrix metalloproteinase 9 complexes (Hp-MMP 9) have been identified as biomarkers with diagnostic potential in cattle with conditions resulting in an acute inflammatory response. The purpose of this study was to evaluate potential diagnostic applications of serum Hp and Hp-MMP 9 concentrations in calves with BRD and establish a timeline for their detection in calves experimentally challenged with Bibersteinia trehalosi and Mannheimia haemolytica. Thirty-five cross bred dairy calves were inoculated via tracheal catheterization with either a PCR confirmed leukotoxin negative B. trehalosi isolate, a PCR confirmed leukotoxin positive B. trehalosi isolate, a Mannheimia haemolytica isolate, a combination of leukotoxin negative B. trehalosi and M. haemolytica, or a negative control. Serum samples were collected throughout the study. Calves were euthanized and necropsy performed on day 10 post inoculation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  M. haemolytica inoculated calves had increased lung involvement. Serum Hp and Hp- MMP 9 concentrations were elevated compared to the other treatment groups. Increases in serum Hp and Hp-MMP 9 concentrations for the M. haemolytica group were significantly different from other study groups on day 7 of the study. B. trehalosi inoculated calves did not have increased lung involvement compared to control calves, but the leukotoxin positive B. trehalosi group demonstrated increased serum Hp-MMP 9 concentrations from day 3 to the end of the study compared to the pre-inoculation concentrations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Serum Hp-MMP 9 concentration is a useful diagnostic tool for detecting early pulmonary inflammation in calves challenged with B. trehalosi and M. haemolytica. Serum Hp-MMP 9 may also be a useful tool in detecting subclinical pulmonary inflammation in challenged calves.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary and Diagnostic Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA. cjhan@iastate.edu.
authors.forename: Christy J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Hanthorn
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary and Diagnostic Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA. gdewell@iastate.edu.
authors.forename: Grant A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Dewell
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary and Diagnostic Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA. rdewell@iastate.edu.|Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Center for Food Security and Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA. rdewell@iastate.edu.
authors.forename: Renee D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Dewell
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary and Diagnostic Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA. vcooper@iastate.edu.
authors.forename: Vickie L
authors.initials: VL
authors.lastname: Cooper
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary and Diagnostic Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA. chwang@iastate.edu.|Department of Statistics, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA. chwang@iastate.edu.
authors.forename: Chong
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary and Diagnostic Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA. pplummer@iastate.edu.|Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA. pplummer@iastate.edu.
authors.forename: Paul J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Plummer
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA. Jeffrey.Lakritz@cvm.osu.edu.
authors.forename: Jeffrey
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lakritz
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002417:Cattle; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000382:microbiology; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / Q000662:veterinary; D006242:Haptoglobins / Q000032:analysis*; D008168:Lung / Q000382:microbiology; D016978:Mannheimia haemolytica / Q000276:immunology; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000097:blood*; D048089:Pneumonia of Calves, Enzootic / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D006242:Haptoglobins; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9