title: How do titanium and Ti6Al4V corrode in fluoridated medium as found in the oral cavity? An in vitro study.
abstract: The purpose of this work was to evaluate the corrosion of commercially pure (CP) titanium and Ti6Al4V in vitro at different F(-) concentrations regularly found in the oral cavity by using different electrochemical tests and surface analysis techniques. electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), open circuit potential (OCP) and potentiodynamic polarization tests were associated to advanced characterization techniques such as SEM, EDS, AFM, ICP-MS and XPS. OCP tests revealed a higher reactivity of both CP titanium and Ti6Al4V at 12,300 ppm F(-) concentration than that recorded at 227 ppm F(-). Also, a significant decrease of the corrosion resistance of both materials was noticed by EIS in fluoride solutions. Material loss caused by corrosion was noticed on titanium surfaces by SEM and AFM in the presence of high F(-) concentration. CP titanium degraded by pitting corrosion while Ti6Al4V suffered from general corrosion showing micro-cracks on surface. Furthermore, a high release of metallic ions from the test samples after immersion at high F(-) concentrations was detected by ICP-MS, that can be potentially toxic to oral tissues.
authors.affiliation: CT2M - Centre for Mechanical and Materials Technologies, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering (DEM), Universidade do Minho, Campus Azurém, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal; Dept. Metallurgy and Materials Engineering (MTM), Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium. Electronic address: jsouza@dem.uminho.pt.
authors.forename: Júlio C M
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Souza
authors.affiliation: CT2M - Centre for Mechanical and Materials Technologies, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering (DEM), Universidade do Minho, Campus Azurém, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal.
authors.forename: Sandra L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Barbosa
authors.affiliation: CT2M - Centre for Mechanical and Materials Technologies, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering (DEM), Universidade do Minho, Campus Azurém, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal.
authors.forename: Edith A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Ariza
authors.affiliation: IBB - Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Universidade do Minho, P-4710-057 Braga, Portugal.
authors.forename: Mariana
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Henriques
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Oral Health Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven B-3000, Belgium.
authors.forename: Wim
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Teughels
authors.affiliation: Chemical Engineering Laboratory (LGPM), Ecole Centrale Paris, F-92290 Châtenay-Malabry, France.
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ponthiaux
authors.affiliation: Dept. Metallurgy and Materials Engineering (MTM), Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium.
authors.forename: Jean-Pierre
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Celis
authors.affiliation: CT2M - Centre for Mechanical and Materials Technologies, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering (DEM), Universidade do Minho, Campus Azurém, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal; Dept. of Physics, UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Ciências, 17033-360 Bauru, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Luis A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Rocha
mesh_terms: D000497:Alloys; D003343:Corrosion; D004563:Electrochemistry / Q000379:methods; D005459:Fluorides / Q000737:chemistry*; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008422:Materials Testing / Q000379:methods; D009055:Mouth / Q000737:chemistry*; D012464:Saliva, Artificial / Q000737:chemistry; D013057:Spectrum Analysis / Q000379:methods; D013499:Surface Properties; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000497:Alloys; D012464:Saliva, Artificial; C031462:titanium alloy (TiAl6V4); D014025:Titanium; D005459:Fluorides
keywords: Electrochemical tests; Fluoride; Surface analysis; Ti6Al4V; Titanium