title: The second and third phases of caloric nystagmus.
abstract: CONCLUSIONS
  The second and third phases of caloric nystagmus occur at a high rate. We can explain this phenomenon based on the hydrostatic pressure theory involved in perilymph.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To clarify the incidence of the second and third phases of caloric nystagmus, and to measure their intensity.
  
  
  METHODS
  The subjects were 12 healthy humans. The right ear was stimulated using iced water. The first phase of caloric nystagmus was recorded in a supine position. Immediately after the cessation of the first phase, each subject was repositioned to a prone position, and the second phase was recorded. Immediately after the halt of the second phase, each subject was repositioned to a supine position, and the third phase was recorded. Nystagmus was analyzed using three-dimensional video-oculography.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean value of maximum slow-phase velocity (MSV) of the first phase was 27.2°/s. All subjects revealed the second phase, and the direction was toward the right. The mean value of MSV was 7.2°/s. Nine subjects (75%) showed the third phase, and the direction was toward the left. The mean value of MSV was 2.7°/s.
authors.affiliation: Ichijo Ear, Nose and Throat Clinic , Hirosaki , Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ichijo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002150:Caloric Tests; D004429:Ear Ossicles; D053483:Eye Movement Measurements; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006874:Hydrostatic Pressure; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009760:Nystagmus, Physiologic / Q000502:physiology*; D010498:Perilymph; D016684:Prone Position / Q000502:physiology*; D012016:Reference Values; D012665:Semicircular Canals / Q000502:physiology; D016683:Supine Position / Q000502:physiology*; D014722:Vestibule, Labyrinth / Q000502:physiology; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Video-oculography; hydrostatic pressure theory; ossicles; perilymph; prone position; specific heat