title: Orally administered allyl sulfides from garlic ameliorate murine colitis.
abstract: METHODS
  Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an incurable disease which affects millions of people. Garlic (Allium sativum) preparations have been traditionally employed for the treatment of diseases affecting the digestive tract. Here, we have investigated the effect of diallyl sulfide (DAS) and diallyl disulfide (DADS), two garlic-derived sulfur compounds, on intestinal inflammation in vivo as well as in intestinal isolated cells.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Colitis was induced in mice by intracolonic administration of dinitrobenzenesulfonic acid. Intestinal damage was assessed by evaluating colon weight/colon length ratio and by histology. Murine intestinal epithelial cells stimulated with IFN-γ were used to evaluate the possible in vitro DAS and DADS anti-inflammatory effects. DAS and DADS, given for two consecutive days after DNBS administration, reduced inflammation and damage. In IFN-γ-stimulated intestinal epithelial cells, DADS reduced IP-10 and IL-6 levels, while DAS inhibited nitric oxide production and STAT-1 expression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  DAS and DADS exert therapeutic effects in the DNBS model of colitis. The actions of these compounds on the production of IP-10, IL-6, hydrogen sulfide or nitric oxide and on the expression of STAT-1 observed in intestinal cells stimulated with IFN-γ, might explain the protective action of DAS and DADS in experimental IBD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy; Chair of Nutrition and Immunology, ZIEL, Research Center for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Technical University Munich, Freising, Germany.
authors.forename: Ines
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Fasolino
authors.forename: Angelo A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Izzo
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Clavel
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Romano
authors.forename: Dirk
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Haller
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Borrelli
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000498:Allyl Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D001557:Benzenesulfonates / Q000633:toxicity; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D003092:Colitis / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D003106:Colon / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D004220:Disulfides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D005737:Garlic / Q000737:chemistry*; D006862:Hydrogen Sulfide / Q000378:metabolism; D015212:Inflammatory Bowel Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000494:pharmacology; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000235:genetics; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D009573:Nitrites / Q000378:metabolism; D050794:STAT1 Transcription Factor / Q000378:metabolism; D013440:Sulfides / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000498:Allyl Compounds; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D001557:Benzenesulfonates; D004220:Disulfides; D015850:Interleukin-6; D009573:Nitrites; D050794:STAT1 Transcription Factor; C494080:Stat1 protein, mouse; D013440:Sulfides; C007488:dinitrobenzenesulfonic acid; D016753:Interleukin-10; C028009:diallyl disulfide; C038491:allyl sulfide; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D006862:Hydrogen Sulfide
keywords: Colitis; Diallyl disulfide; Diallyl sulfide; Epithelial cells; Food supplement; Garlic; Hydrogen sulfide; IFN-γ; Inflammatory bowel disease; Nitric oxide