title: Evaluating medicinal plants for anticancer activity.
abstract: Plants have been used for medical purposes since the beginning of human history and are the basis of modern medicine. Most chemotherapeutic drugs for cancer treatment are molecules identified and isolated from plants or their synthetic derivatives. Our hypothesis was that whole plant extracts selected according to ethnobotanical sources of historical use might contain multiple molecules with antitumor activities that could be very effective in killing human cancer cells. This study examined the effects of three whole plant extracts (ethanol extraction) on human tumor cells. The extracts were from Urtica membranacea (Urticaceae), Artemesia monosperma (Asteraceae), and Origanum dayi post (Labiatae). All three plant extracts exhibited dose- and time-dependent killing capabilities in various human derived tumor cell lines and primary cultures established from patients' biopsies. The killing activity was specific toward tumor cells, as the plant extracts had no effect on primary cultures of healthy human cells. Cell death caused by the whole plant extracts is via apoptosis. Plant extract 5 (Urtica membranacea) showed particularly strong anticancer capabilities since it inhibited actual tumor progression in a breast adenocarcinoma mouse model. Our results suggest that whole plant extracts are promising anticancer reagents.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada (IMRIC), Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, 91120 Jerusalem, Israel.
authors.forename: Elisha
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Solowey
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada (IMRIC), Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, 91120 Jerusalem, Israel.
authors.forename: Michal
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lichtenstein
authors.affiliation: Louis L. Borick Natural Medicine Research Center, Hadassah Medical Organization, 91120 Jerusalem, Israel.
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sallon
authors.affiliation: Louis L. Borick Natural Medicine Research Center, Hadassah Medical Organization, 91120 Jerusalem, Israel.
authors.forename: Helena
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Paavilainen
authors.affiliation: Arava Institute of Environmental Studies, Kibbutz Ketura, 88840 DN Eilot, Israel.
authors.forename: Elaine
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Solowey
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada (IMRIC), Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, 91120 Jerusalem, Israel.
authors.forename: Haya
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lorberboum-Galski
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D019659:Asteraceae / Q000737:chemistry; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D006801:Humans; D019686:Lamiaceae / Q000737:chemistry; D051379:Mice; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D010946:Plants, Medicinal / Q000737:chemistry*; D027003:Urticaceae / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D010936:Plant Extracts