title: A Pilot Trial of Gender-Based Motivational Interviewing for Help-Seeking and Internalizing Symptoms in Men.
abstract: There has been limited research on interventions addressing the psychosocial barriers to men's underutilization of formal and informal help. To address this gap in the literature, we report on the development of Gender-Based Motivational Interviewing (GBMI) for men with internalizing symptoms and present the findings of a pilot trial. GBMI is a single session of assessment and feedback that integrates gender-based and motivational interviewing principles. Community-dwelling men (N= 23) with elevated internalizing symptoms and no recent history of formal help-seeking were randomized to either GBMI or control conditions and were followed for three months. The effect of GBMI on internalizing and externalizing symptoms ranged from small to large across follow-ups. GBMI had a small to moderate effect on stigma. There was no effect on help-seeking attitudes or intentions. GBMI increased use of informal help seeking (e.g. parents and partners) and had no effect on formal help seeking. None of these findings were statistically significant. Study weaknesses included baseline differences in help-seeking variables between conditions. This initial evaluation suggested that GBMI shows promise for improving mental health functioning while further research is need to determine its effect on help-seeking.
authors.affiliation: Clark University.
authors.forename: Matthew R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Syzdek
authors.affiliation: Clark University.
authors.forename: Michael E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Addis
authors.affiliation: Clark University.
authors.forename: Jonathan D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Green
authors.affiliation: Atlanta VA Medical Center.
authors.forename: MySha R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Whorley
authors.affiliation: Clark University.
authors.forename: Joshua
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Berger
keywords: anxiety; depression; gender; help-seeking; internalizing symptoms; motivational interviewing; stigma