title: Risk indicators for peri-implant mucositis: a systematic literature review.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the existing evidence in identifying risk indicators in the aetiology of peri-implant mucositis.
  
  
  METHODS
  A search was performed in PubMed, Web of Science (WOS) and The Cochrane Library databases for articles published until June 2014.
  
  
  RESULTS
  This search gave 3135 results of which 15 studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The current review revealed that only a few studies provided data on risk indicators for the development of peri-implant mucositis. Based on the data available, there is evidence that plaque is a risk indicator for peri-implant mucositis. Smoking has also been identified as an independent risk indicator whereas the overall evidence for surface roughness, residual cement, the dimension of the keratinized tissue and time of implant in function is weak. There are limited data available to support systemic conditions as risk indicators for peri-implant mucositis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Plaque accumulation at implants will result in development of peri-implant mucositis. Smoking should also be considered as a risk indicator for the development of peri-implant mucositis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Sciences, Kristianstad University, Kristianstad, Sweden; Blekinge Institute of Technology, Karlskrona, Sweden; Dublin Dental University Hospital, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland.
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Renvert
authors.forename: Ioannis
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Polyzois
mesh_terms: D003738:Dental Cements / Q000009:adverse effects; D015921:Dental Implants; D003773:Dental Plaque / Q000150:complications; D017267:Dental Prosthesis Design; D005881:Gingiva / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects; D013280:Stomatitis / Q000209:etiology*; D013499:Surface Properties
chemical_list: D003738:Dental Cements; D015921:Dental Implants
keywords: peri-implant mucositis; plaque; risk indicators; smoking