title: Small molecule substrate phosphorylation site inhibitors of protein kinases: approaches and challenges.
abstract: Protein kinases are important mediators of cellular communication and attractive drug targets for many diseases. Although success has been achieved with developing ATP-competitive kinase inhibitors, the disadvantages of ATP-competitive inhibitors have led to increased interest in targeting sites outside of the ATP binding pocket. Kinase inhibitors with substrate-competitive, ATP-noncompetitive binding modes are promising due to the possibility of increased selectivity and better agreement between biochemical and in vitro potency. However, the difficulty of identifying these types of inhibitors has resulted in significantly fewer small molecule substrate phosphorylation site inhibitors being reported compared to ATP-competitive inhibitors. This review surveys reported substrate phosphorylation site inhibitors and methods that can be applied to the discovery of such inhibitors, including a discussion of the challenges inherent to these screening methods.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicinal Chemistry and ‡Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan , 930 N. University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States.
authors.forename: Meghan E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Breen
authors.forename: Matthew B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Soellner
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001665:Binding Sites; D006801:Humans; D008958:Models, Molecular; D010766:Phosphorylation; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011494:Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D054852:Small Molecule Libraries / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013379:Substrate Specificity
chemical_list: D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors; D054852:Small Molecule Libraries; D011494:Protein Kinases