title: Functional and clinical evaluation at 5-year follow-up of a three-component prosthesis and osteochondral allograft transplantation for total ankle replacement.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Severe ankle arthritis is a life-limiting condition which often requires surgery. Ankle arthroplasty via artificial or "biological" reconstruction is a viable option in those patients who are not comfortable with arthrodesis. More functional studies are needed to compare the performance and outcomes of the two function-preserving arthroplasties.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this study two groups of 10 patients affected by severe ankle arthritis were treated either with a 3-component ankle prosthesis or with bipolar fresh osteochondral allograft transplantation. Patients were evaluated pre-operatively and at 5-year follow-up. The American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society score was used for clinical evaluation, and gait analysis for functional assessment. Activation pattern of lower limb muscles was obtained by surface electromyography (EMG). In each group, kinematic, kinetic, and EMG data were compared between pre-op and follow-up assessments, and also versus corresponding data from a 20 healthy subject control group. The median clinical score significantly increased between pre-op and follow-up from 53 to 74.5 in the transplantation and from 28.5 to 80 in the prosthesis group. Spatio-temporal parameters showed a statistically significant improvement in cadence and cycle time. Improvement of gait speed was also observed only in the prosthesis group. EMG patterns at follow-up were strongly correlated with the corresponding control data for both groups. Although no significant amelioration in the joints' range of motion was detected in either surgical procedure, preservation of the functional conditions at medium-term, along with significant improvement of the clinical score, may be considered a positive outcome for both techniques.
authors.affiliation: Movement Analysis Laboratory and Functional-Clinical Evaluation of Prostheses, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy. Electronic address: paolo.caravaggi@ior.it.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Caravaggi
authors.affiliation: Movement Analysis Laboratory and Functional-Clinical Evaluation of Prostheses, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy. Electronic address: giada.lullini@hotmail.it.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lullini
authors.affiliation: Movement Analysis Laboratory and Functional-Clinical Evaluation of Prostheses, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy. Electronic address: leardini@ior.it.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Leardini
authors.affiliation: Movement Analysis Laboratory and Functional-Clinical Evaluation of Prostheses, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy. Electronic address: lisa.berti@ior.it.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Berti
authors.affiliation: 1st Orthopaedic and Traumatologic Clinic, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, via G.C. Pupilli 1, Bologna, Italy. Electronic address: francesca.vannini@ior.it.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Vannini
authors.affiliation: Movement Analysis Laboratory and Functional-Clinical Evaluation of Prostheses, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy; 1st Orthopaedic and Traumatologic Clinic, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, via G.C. Pupilli 1, Bologna, Italy. Electronic address: sandro.giannini@ior.it.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Giannini
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D064591:Allografts; D000843:Ankle Joint / Q000503:physiopathology; D001168:Arthritis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D058737:Arthroplasty, Replacement, Ankle / Q000379:methods*; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D016025:Bone Transplantation / Q000379:methods*; D002356:Cartilage / Q000637:transplantation*; D004576:Electromyography; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005684:Gait / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology; D010147:Pain Measurement; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular / Q000502:physiology; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: 5-year follow-up; Allograft; Ankle; Arthroplasty; Gait analysis; Prosthesis