title: Flow-through, viral co-infection assay for resource-limited settings.
abstract: Here we present a new and rapid immunofiltration assay for simultaneous detection of HIV p24 and hepatitis B virus antigens. The assay platform is composed of a 13 mm nitrocellulose filter spotted with capturing bioprobes and inserted in a Swinnex(®) syringe filter holder. Samples and reagents are flown through the nitrocellulose filter by manual pressure on the syringe. A colorimetric detection allows for naked eye results interpretation. The assay provides sensitivity in the picomolar range in just 5 min, even using low volumes of sample in complex matrix. Probe deposition by spotting allows for flexible combinations of different capturing agents and multiple diagnoses; furthermore, the very simple and inexpensive set-up makes the syringe-based immunoassay on paper microarray a suitable diagnostic system for resource-limited settings.
authors.affiliation: Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Istituto di Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare (ICRM), Milano, Italy. Electronic address: marina.cretich@icrm.cnr.it.
authors.forename: Marina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cretich
authors.affiliation: Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Istituto di Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare (ICRM), Milano, Italy.
authors.forename: Marcello
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Torrisi
authors.affiliation: Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Istituto di Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare (ICRM), Milano, Italy.
authors.forename: Serena
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Daminelli
authors.affiliation: Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Istituto di Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare (ICRM), Milano, Italy.
authors.forename: Paola
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gagni
authors.affiliation: Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Istituto di Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare (ICRM), Milano, Italy.
authors.forename: Lauren
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Plavisch
authors.affiliation: Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Istituto di Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare (ICRM), Milano, Italy.
authors.forename: Marcella
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chiari
mesh_terms: D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000737:chemistry; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000737:chemistry*; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000737:chemistry; D001710:Biotin / Q000737:chemistry; D060085:Coinfection; D003101:Collodion; D003124:Colorimetry / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods*; D005374:Filtration; D006678:HIV / Q000737:chemistry*; D016655:HIV Core Protein p24 / Q000032:analysis*; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000821:virology; D006509:Hepatitis B / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000821:virology; D006514:Hepatitis B Surface Antigens / Q000032:analysis*; D006515:Hepatitis B virus / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D007118:Immunoassay / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods*; D057230:Limit of Detection; D019809:Streptavidin / Q000737:chemistry; D013594:Syringes; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D016655:HIV Core Protein p24; D006514:Hepatitis B Surface Antigens; D001710:Biotin; D003101:Collodion; D019809:Streptavidin; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase
keywords: Flow-through immunoassay; Nitrocellulose; Paper; Resource limited settings