title: Liquid culture fermentation for rapid production of desiccation tolerant blastospores of Beauveria bassiana and Isaria fumosorosea strains.
abstract: A major constraint to the commercial use of fungal biocontrol agents is the availability of low-cost production media and processes. Previous attempts in producing Beauveria blastospores using liquid culture fermentation processes required long fermentation times (6-8days) and produced cells that had poor survival after desiccation and storage. In this study, isolates of Beauveria bassiana and Isaria fumosorosea were evaluated for blastospore yield, desiccation tolerance, storage stability, and biocontrol efficacy using fermentation media containing acid hydrolyzed casein or cottonseed flour as the nitrogen source. Cultures of B. bassiana and I. fumosorosea grown in media containing cottonseed flour produced high blastospore concentrations (>1×10(9)mL(-1)) after 3days which is comparatively less expensive nitrogen source than acid hydrolyzed casein. The resultant air-dried blastospores (<3% moisture) of all fungal isolates survived drying (61-86% viability), irrespective of the nitrogen source tested. Storage stability at 4°C varied with nitrogen source and fungal strain. Air-dried blastospores of B. bassiana strains showed half-lives >14months in contrast to 9.2-13.1months for I. fumosorosea. Blastospores of B. bassiana and I. fumosorosea killed Bemisia tabaci whitefly nymphs faster and required lower concentrations compared with aerial conidia. Our findings support the use of liquid culture fermentation as a cost-effective process to rapidly produce high yields of stable and infective blastospores of either B. bassiana or I. fumosorosea. These results support further evaluation of blastospore sprayable formulations for the control of soft-bodied insects.
authors.affiliation: Embrapa Rice and Beans, Rodovia GO-462, Km 12, Zona Rural, C.P. 179, 75375-000 Santo Antônio de Goiás, GO, Brazil; United States Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service, Crop Bioprotection Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, 1815 N. University St, Peoria, IL 61604, USA; Department of Entomology and Acarology, Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", University of São Paulo (ESALQ-USP), Av. Pádua Dias, 11, C.P. 9, CEP 13418-900 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil. Electronic address: gabriel.mascarin@embrapa.br.
authors.forename: Gabriel Moura
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Mascarin
authors.affiliation: United States Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service, Crop Bioprotection Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, 1815 N. University St, Peoria, IL 61604, USA. Electronic address: mark.jackson@ars.usda.gov.
authors.forename: Mark Alan
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Jackson
authors.affiliation: United States Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service, Crop Bioprotection Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, 1815 N. University St, Peoria, IL 61604, USA.
authors.forename: Nilce Naomi
authors.initials: NN
authors.lastname: Kobori
authors.affiliation: United States Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service, Crop Bioprotection Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, 1815 N. University St, Peoria, IL 61604, USA.
authors.forename: Robert Warren
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Behle
authors.affiliation: Department of Entomology and Acarology, Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", University of São Paulo (ESALQ-USP), Av. Pádua Dias, 11, C.P. 9, CEP 13418-900 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ítalo
authors.initials: Í
authors.lastname: Delalibera Júnior
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D052982:Beauveria; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D003470:Culture Media; D003890:Desiccation / Q000379:methods; D005285:Fermentation; D006430:Hemiptera / Q000469:parasitology; D009172:Mycology / Q000379:methods*; D010572:Pest Control, Biological / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D003470:Culture Media
keywords: Desiccation tolerance; Dimorphic growth; Mycopesticides; Silverleaf whitefly; Storage stability; Submerged fermentation