title: AC Electrokinetics of Physiological Fluids for Biomedical Applications.
abstract: Alternating current (AC) electrokinetics is a collection of processes for manipulating bulk fluid mass and embedded objects with AC electric fields. The ability of AC electrokinetics to implement the major microfluidic operations, such as pumping, mixing, concentration, and separation, makes it possible to develop integrated systems for clinical diagnostics in nontraditional health care settings. The high conductivity of physiological fluids presents new challenges and opportunities for AC electrokinetics-based diagnostic systems. In this review, AC electrokinetic phenomena in conductive physiological fluids are described followed by a review of the basic microfluidic operations and the recent biomedical applications of AC electrokinetics. The future prospects of AC electrokinetics for clinical diagnostics are presented.
authors.affiliation: Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
authors.forename: Tingting
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
authors.forename: Ariana C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Lamanda
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Mandy L Y
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Sin
authors.affiliation: GeneFluidics, Inc., Irwindale, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Vincent
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Gau
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Joseph C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Liao
authors.affiliation: Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA Biomedical Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA pak@email.arizona.edu.
authors.forename: Pak Kin
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Wong
mesh_terms: D001826:Body Fluids / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000166:cytology*; D003955:Diagnostic Tests, Routine / Q000379:methods / Q000639:trends; D004560:Electricity; D055664:Electrochemical Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D046210:Microfluidic Analytical Techniques / Q000379:methods*
keywords: electrokinetics; electrothermal flow; microfluidics; physiological fluid; point-of-care diagnostics