title: Is there a relationship between time-lapse parameters and embryo sex?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study if it is possible to identify embryo sex from embryo cleavage timings.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective and observational study.
  
  
  METHODS
  University-affiliated private fertility center.
  
  
  METHODS
  Women undergoing preimplantion genetic diagnosis. INTERVENTION[S): All biopsied embryos were cultured in an Embryoscope incubator with time-lapse technology.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cleavage timing from insemination to day 3 and all kinetic parameters that have been described in previous studies by our group.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The study included 421 embryos from our Compressive Chromosome Screening program, conducted from January 2012 to December 2012. Embryos were grouped according to their sex: male (176 embryos) and female (161 embryos). Chromosomal abnormal rate was similar for the two groups (male 62.5%, female 58.4%). When morphokinetic parameters were separated in different quartiles and grouped, we found statistical differences between male or female embryos. By logistic regression analysis we found that two specific kinetic variables were relevant: second synchrony (>2 hours) and timing of morula formation (80.8-90.9 hours). With the use of these parameters, we propose an algorithm with four different categories reflecting the range from 71% to 42% in the likelihood of an embryo being female.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Embryo development was affected by embryo sex, and the sex ratio could be affected by the embryo selection method for transfer based on kinetic parameters.
authors.affiliation: IVI Madrid, Madrid, Spain. Electronic address: fernando.bronet@ivi.es.
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bronet
authors.affiliation: IVI Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: María-Carmen
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Nogales
authors.affiliation: IVI Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Martínez
authors.affiliation: IVI Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ariza
authors.affiliation: Igenomix, Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rubio
authors.affiliation: IVI Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Juan-Antonio
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: García-Velasco
authors.affiliation: IVI Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Marcos
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Meseguer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D046149:Embryo Culture Techniques / Q000379:methods; D004624:Embryo Transfer / Q000379:methods; D047108:Embryonic Development / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010062:Ovulation Induction / Q000379:methods; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012737:Sex Factors; D059008:Time-Lapse Imaging / Q000379:methods*
keywords: Growth; embryo development; preimplantation; sex; time-lapse