title: [Evaluation of genotoxicity induced by repetitive administration of local anaesthetics: an experimental study in rats].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Previous studies regarding the effects of some local anaesthetics have suggested that these agents can cause genetic damage. However, they have not been tested for genotoxicity related to repetitive administration. The aim of this study was to evaluate the genotoxic potential of local anaesthetics upon repetitive administration.
  
  
  METHODS
  80 male Wistar rats were divided into: group A - 16 rats intraperitoneally injected with lidocaine hydrochloride 2%; group B - 16 rats IP injected with mepivacaine 2%; group C - 16 rats intraperitoneally injected with articaine 4%; group D - 16 rats IP injected with prilocaine 3% (6.0mg/kg); group E - 8 rats subcutaneously injected with a single dose of cyclophosphamide; and group F - 8 rats intraperitoneally injected with saline. Eight rats from groups A to D received a single dose of anaesthetic on Day 1 of the experiment; the remaining rats were dosed once a day for 5 days.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median number of micronuclei in the local anaesthetics groups exposed for 1 or 5 days ranged from 0.00 to 1.00, in the cyclophosphamide-exposed group was 10.00, and the negative control group for 1 and 5 days was 1.00 and 0.00, respectively (p<0.0001). A significant difference in the number of micronuclei was observed between the cyclophosphamide group and all local anaesthetic groups (p=0.0001), but not between the negative control group and the local anaesthetic groups (p>0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  No genotoxicity effect was observed upon repetitive exposure to any of the local anaesthetics evaluated.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Patologia, Universidade do Oeste Paulista, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brasil. Electronic address: patologia@unoeste.br.
authors.forename: Gisele Alborghetti
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Nai
authors.affiliation: Universidade do Oeste Paulista, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brasil.
authors.forename: Mariliza Casanova
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: de Oliveira
authors.affiliation: Faculdade de Odontologia de Presidente Prudente, Universidade do Oeste Paulista, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brasil.
authors.forename: Graziela
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: de Oliveira Tavares
authors.affiliation: Faculdade de Odontologia de Presidente Prudente, Universidade do Oeste Paulista, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brasil.
authors.forename: Laís Fabrício Fonseca
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.affiliation: Faculdade de Medicina de Presidente Prudente, Universidade do Oeste Paulista, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brasil.
authors.forename: Nádia Derli Salvador Lemes
authors.initials: ND
authors.lastname: Soares
authors.affiliation: Faculdade de Medicina de Presidente Prudente, Universidade do Oeste Paulista, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brasil.
authors.forename: Patrícia Gatti
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Silva
keywords: Anaesthesia; Anestesia; Genotoxicidade; Genotoxicity; Micronucleus tests; Mutagenicity tests; Prilocaine; Prilocaína; Testes de mutagenicidade; Testes para micronúcleos