title: Real-time and sub-wavelength ultrafast coherent diffraction imaging in the extreme ultraviolet.
abstract: Coherent Diffraction Imaging is a technique to study matter with nanometer-scale spatial resolution based on coherent illumination of the sample with hard X-ray, soft X-ray or extreme ultraviolet light delivered from synchrotrons or more recently X-ray Free-Electron Lasers. This robust technique simultaneously allows quantitative amplitude and phase contrast imaging. Laser-driven high harmonic generation XUV-sources allow table-top realizations. However, the low conversion efficiency of lab-based sources imposes either a large scale laser system or long exposure times, preventing many applications. Here we present a lensless imaging experiment combining a high numerical aperture (NA = 0.8) setup with a high average power fibre laser driven high harmonic source. The high flux and narrow-band harmonic line at 33.2 nm enables either sub-wavelength spatial resolution close to the Abbe limit (Δr = 0.8λ) for long exposure time, or sub-70 nm imaging in less than one second. The unprecedented high spatial resolution, compactness of the setup together with the real-time capability paves the way for a plethora of applications in fundamental and life sciences.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Optics and Quantum Electronics, Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Max-Wien-Platz 1, 07743 Jena, Germany.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zürch
authors.affiliation: 1] Institute of Applied Physics, Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Albert-Einstein-Straße 15, 07745 Jena, Germany [2] Helmholtz Institute Jena, Fröbelstieg 3, 07743 Jena, Germany.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rothhardt
authors.affiliation: 1] Institute of Applied Physics, Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Albert-Einstein-Straße 15, 07745 Jena, Germany [2] Helmholtz Institute Jena, Fröbelstieg 3, 07743 Jena, Germany.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hädrich
authors.affiliation: Institute of Applied Physics, Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Albert-Einstein-Straße 15, 07745 Jena, Germany.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Demmler
authors.affiliation: Institute of Applied Physics, Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Albert-Einstein-Straße 15, 07745 Jena, Germany.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Krebs
authors.affiliation: 1] Institute of Applied Physics, Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Albert-Einstein-Straße 15, 07745 Jena, Germany [2] Helmholtz Institute Jena, Fröbelstieg 3, 07743 Jena, Germany.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Limpert
authors.affiliation: 1] Institute of Applied Physics, Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Albert-Einstein-Straße 15, 07745 Jena, Germany [2] Helmholtz Institute Jena, Fröbelstieg 3, 07743 Jena, Germany [3] Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Optics and Precision Engineering, Albert-Einstein-Straße 7, 07745 Jena, Germany.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tünnermann
authors.affiliation: 1] Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Am Coulombwall 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany [2] Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str. 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Guggenmos
authors.affiliation: 1] Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Am Coulombwall 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany [2] Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str. 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany.
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Kleineberg
authors.affiliation: 1] Institute of Optics and Quantum Electronics, Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Max-Wien-Platz 1, 07743 Jena, Germany [2] Helmholtz Institute Jena, Fröbelstieg 3, 07743 Jena, Germany.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Spielmann