title: IL-35: a potential therapeutic target for controlling hepatitis B virus infection.
abstract: Interleukin (IL)-35, a recently identified cytokine of the IL-12 family, is a potent immunosuppressive cytokine secreted by regulatory T (Treg) cells and the newly reported regulatory B (Breg) cells. IL-35 functions as a crucial immunosuppressive factor in immune-mediated diseases, and the predominant mechanism of suppression is its ability to suppress T cell proliferation and effector functions. The pathogenic processes of the non-cytopathic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection-related liver diseases are immune-mediated, including liver damage and viral control. It has been found that IL-35 is detectable in peripheral CD4(+) T cells in chronic HBV-infected patients, whereas it is undetectable in healthy individuals. There is growing evidence that cytokine-mediated immune responses play a pivotal role in determining the clinical outcome during HBV infection. It is particularly important to investigate the effects of IL-35 in the immunopathogenesis of chronic HBV infection. In this study, the recent understanding of this issue is discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Translational Laboratory of Liver Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Xiao Gang
authors.initials: XG
authors.lastname: Xiang
authors.forename: Qing
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Xie
mesh_terms: D060151:B-Lymphocytes, Regulatory / Q000276:immunology; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D006515:Hepatitis B virus / Q000276:immunology*; D019694:Hepatitis B, Chronic / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007108:Immune Tolerance; D007378:Interleukins / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D007378:Interleukins; C532417:interleukin-35, human
keywords: hepatitis B virus; human interleukin-35; iTr35; immunotherapy; regulatory T lymphocytes