title: MR of multi-organ involvement in the metabolic syndrome.
abstract: The metabolic syndrome (MetS) is characterized by ectopic lipid accumulation. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and spectroscopy can quantify ectopic lipid accumulation. Consequences of MetS can be evaluated with MR on a whole-body level. In the liver, several techniques are used to quantify hepatic steatosis and differentiate stages of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Cardiac MR can quantify myocardial steatosis and associated complications. In the brain, magnetization transfer imaging and diffusion tensor imaging can detect microstructural brain damage. Various other organs can be assessed with MR. MR is a powerful tool to unravel whole-body MetS pathophysiology, monitor therapeutic efficacy, and establish prognosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, Leiden 2333 ZA, The Netherlands. Electronic address: m.b.bizino@lumc.nl.
authors.forename: Maurice B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Bizino
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, Leiden 2333 ZA, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Michael L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Sala
authors.affiliation: C.J. Gorter Center for High Field MRI, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, Leiden 2333 ZA, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: de Heer
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, Leiden 2333 ZA, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Pieternel
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: van der Tol
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Jan W A
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Smit
authors.affiliation: C.J. Gorter Center for High Field MRI, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, Leiden 2333 ZA, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Andrew G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Webb
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, Leiden 2333 ZA, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Albert
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: de Roos
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, Leiden 2333 ZA, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Hildebrandus J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Lamb
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis*; D009102:Multiple Organ Failure / Q000175:diagnosis*; D014781:Viscera / Q000473:pathology*; D051598:Whole Body Imaging / Q000379:methods*
keywords: Diabetic cardiomyopathy; Ectopic lipid accumulation; Fat imaging; Magnetic resonance imaging; Magnetic resonance spectroscopy; Metabolic syndrome; Microstructural brain damage; Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease