title: CD1d expression in renal cell carcinoma is associated with higher relapse rates, poorer cancer-specific and overall survival.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We hypothesised that CD1d expression in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) may play a role in modifying the host immune response. Our aims were to investigate the expression of CD1d and to correlate this with histopathology and clinical outcomes in a cohort study of patients with RCC.
  
  
  METHODS
  Gene expression and tissue microarray studies on a panel of RCC tissue were performed. Clinicopathological correlation was analysed using χ(2)/Fisher's exact test. Relapse-free survival, cancer-specific survival and overall survival were calculated for both CD1d high and low expressors. Survival outcomes were estimated with the Kaplan-Meier method and compared using Cox regression analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Gene expression microarray showed significant expression of CD1d in RCC versus normal renal tissue. By immunohistochemistry, we found that CD1d expression significantly associated with tumour stage/grade, higher relapse rates, poorer cancer-specific and overall survival.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CD1d expression on RCC correlated with aggressive disease and poorer clinical outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.
authors.forename: Tsung Wen
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Chong
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.
authors.forename: Fera Yiqian
authors.initials: FY
authors.lastname: Goh
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.
authors.forename: Mei Yi
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Sim
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.
authors.forename: Hong Hong
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.
authors.forename: Aye Aye
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Thike
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.
authors.forename: Daw Aye Aye
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Thike
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Cancer Epigenome, Division of Medical Sciences, National Cancer Centre, Singapore, Singapore Division of Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.
authors.forename: Weng Khong
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Cancer Epigenome, Division of Medical Sciences, National Cancer Centre, Singapore, Singapore Division of Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
authors.forename: Bin Tean
authors.initials: BT
authors.lastname: Teh
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.
authors.forename: Puay Hoon
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Tan
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D055610:Antigens, CD1d / Q000032:analysis* / Q000235:genetics; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis* / Q000235:genetics; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D018450:Disease Progression; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D046888:Tissue Array Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D055610:Antigens, CD1d; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; C526877:CD1D protein, human
keywords: IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY; IMMUNOLOGY; UROPATHOLOGY