title: Gender, smoking and tobacco reduction and cessation: a scoping review.
abstract: Considerations of how gender-related factors influence smoking first appeared over 20 years ago in the work of critical and feminist scholars. This scholarship highlighted the need to consider the social and cultural context of women's tobacco use and the relationships between smoking and gender inequity. Parallel research on men's smoking and masculinities has only recently emerged with some attention being given to gender influences on men's tobacco use. Since that time, a multidisciplinary literature addressing women and men's tobacco use has spanned the social, psychological and medical sciences. To incorporate these gender-related factors into tobacco reduction and cessation interventions, our research team identified the need to clarify the current theoretical and methodological interpretations of gender within the context of tobacco research. To address this need a scoping review of the published literature was conducted focussing on tobacco reduction and cessation from the perspective of three aspects of gender: gender roles, gender identities, and gender relations. Findings of the review indicate that there is a need for greater clarity on how researchers define and conceptualize gender and its significance for tobacco control. Patterns and anomalies in the literature are described to guide the future development of interventions that are gender-sensitive and gender-specific. Three principles for including gender-related factors in tobacco reduction and cessation interventions were identified: a) the need to build upon solid conceptualizations of gender, b) the importance of including components that comprehensively address gender-related influences, and c) the importance of promoting gender equity and healthy gender norms, roles and relations.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Healthy Living and Chronic Disease Prevention, University of British Columbia, 3333 University Way, Kelowna, BC, V1V 2V7, Canada. joan.bottorff@ubc.ca.|Faculty of Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia. joan.bottorff@ubc.ca.
authors.forename: Joan L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Bottorff
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, University of British Columbia, 302-6190 Agronomy Road, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada. Rebecca.Haines-Saah@nursing.ubc.ca.
authors.forename: Rebecca
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Haines-Saah
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, University of British Columbia, 302-6190 Agronomy Road, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada. mary.theresa.kelly@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Mary T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Kelly
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, University of British Columbia, 302-6190 Agronomy Road, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada. john.oliffe@nursing.ubc.ca.
authors.forename: John L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Oliffe
authors.affiliation: Centre for Health Evaluation and Outcome Sciences, Room 620, 1081 Burrard Street, Vancouver, BC, V6Z 1Y6, Canada. itorchalla@mail.cheos.ubc.ca.
authors.forename: Iris
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Torchalla
authors.affiliation: British Columbia Centre of Excellence for Women's Health, E311 - 4500 Oak Street, Box 48, Vancouver, BC, V6H 3N1, Canada. npoole@cw.bc.ca.
authors.forename: Nancy
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Poole
authors.affiliation: British Columbia Centre of Excellence for Women's Health, E311 - 4500 Oak Street, Box 48, Vancouver, BC, V6H 3N1, Canada. lgreaves@cw.bc.ca.
authors.forename: Lorraine
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Greaves
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, University of British Columbia, 3333 University Way, Kelowna, BC, V1V 1V7, Canada. carole.robinson@ubc.c.
authors.forename: Carole A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Robinson
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, 2405 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada. ensom@interchange.ubc.c.
authors.forename: Mary H H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Ensom
authors.affiliation: College of Nursing, 315 College of Nursing Building, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536-0232, USA. ctokol1@uky.edu.
authors.forename: Chizimuzo T C
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Okoli
authors.affiliation: RGN 3249A, School of Nursing, University of Ottawa, Guidon Hall, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada. Craig.Phillips@uottawa.ca.
authors.forename: J Craig
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Phillips
mesh_terms: D003469:Culture; D005260:Female; D005783:Gender Identity; D006801:Humans; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D008297:Male; D012737:Sex Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000523:psychology*; D016540:Smoking Cessation / Q000379:methods / Q000523:psychology*