title: Investigating the mechanisms of biochar's removal of lead from solution.
abstract: The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between Pb(2+) adsorption and physicochemical properties of biochars produced at different pyrolytic temperatures. Ten biochars were prepared from peanut shell (PS) and Chinese medicine material residue (MR) at 300-600°C. Adsorption kinetics and isotherms were determined, and the untreated and Pb(2+)-loaded biochars were analyzed by FTIR, SEM-EDX and XRD. Functional groups complexation, Pb(2+)-π interaction and precipitation with minerals jointly contributed to Pb(2+) adsorption on these biochars. New mineral precipitates (e.g., Pb2(SO4)O and Pb4(CO3)2(SO4)(OH)2) formed during Pb(2+) sorption. For high-temperature biochars (⩾500°C), Pb(2+) sorption via complexation reduced, but the contribution of Pb(2+)-π interaction was enhanced. Dramatic reduction of Pb(2+) sorption on demineralized biochars indicated the dominant role of minerals. These results are useful for screening effective biochars as engineered sorbents to remove or immobilize Pb(2+) in polluted water and soil.
authors.affiliation: College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Ocean Environment and Ecology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China.
authors.forename: Zhenyu
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Ocean Environment and Ecology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China.
authors.forename: Guocheng
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Ocean Environment and Ecology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China.
authors.forename: Hao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.affiliation: College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Ocean Environment and Ecology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China. Electronic address: lifengmin@ouc.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Fengmin
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia.
authors.forename: Huu Hao
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Ngo
authors.affiliation: School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia.
authors.forename: Wenshan
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Texas Tech University, Broadway and Boston, Lubbock, TX 79409-1042, USA.
authors.forename: Cui
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Ocean Environment and Ecology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA. Electronic address: bx@umass.edu.
authors.forename: Baoshan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Xing
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D010367:Arachis / Q000737:chemistry; D002606:Charcoal / Q000737:chemistry*; D011232:Chemical Precipitation; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000737:chemistry; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007700:Kinetics; D007854:Lead / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D008903:Minerals / Q000737:chemistry; D010100:Oxygen / Q000737:chemistry; D012996:Solutions; D013696:Temperature; D013997:Time Factors; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000302:isolation & purification*
chemical_list: D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; D008903:Minerals; D012996:Solutions; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C540010:biochar; D002606:Charcoal; D007854:Lead; D010100:Oxygen
keywords: Biochar; Chinese medicine material residue; Lead; Peanut shell; Pyrolysis temperature