title: Effects of orally administered fumonisin B₁ (FB₁), partially hydrolysed FB₁, hydrolysed FB₁ and N-(1-deoxy-D-fructos-1-yl) FB₁ on the sphingolipid metabolism in rats.
abstract: Fumonisin B1 (FB1) is a Fusarium mycotoxin frequently occurring in maize-based food and feed. Alkaline processing like nixtamalisation of maize generates partially and fully hydrolysed FB1 (pHFB1 and HFB1) and thermal treatment in the presence of reducing sugars leads to formation of N-(1-deoxy-D-fructos-1-yl) fumonisin B1 (NDF). The toxicity of these metabolites, in particular their effect on the sphingolipid metabolism, is either unknown or discussed controversially. We produced high purity FB1, pHFB1a+b, HFB1 and NDF and fed them to male Sprague Dawley rats for three weeks. Once a week, urine and faeces samples were collected over 24 h and analysed for fumonisin metabolites as well as for the sphinganine (Sa) to sphingosine (So) ratio by validated LC-MS/MS based methods. While the latter was significantly increased in the FB1 positive control group, the Sa/So ratios of the partially and fully hydrolysed fumonisins were indifferent from the negative control group. Although NDF was partly cleaved during digestion, the liberated amounts of FB1 did not raise the Sa/So ratio. These results show that the investigated alkaline and thermal processing products of FB1 were, at the tested concentrations, non-toxic for rats, and suggest that according food processing can reduce fumonisin toxicity for humans.
authors.affiliation: Christian Doppler Laboratory for Mycotoxin Metabolism and Center for Analytical Chemistry, Department for Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Konrad Lorenz Str. 20, Tulln 3430, Austria.
authors.forename: Irene
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Hahn
authors.affiliation: Christian Doppler Laboratory for Mycotoxin Metabolism and Center for Analytical Chemistry, Department for Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Konrad Lorenz Str. 20, Tulln 3430, Austria.
authors.forename: Veronika
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Nagl
authors.affiliation: Christian Doppler Laboratory for Mycotoxin Metabolism and Center for Analytical Chemistry, Department for Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Konrad Lorenz Str. 20, Tulln 3430, Austria. Electronic address: heidi.schwartz@boku.ac.at.
authors.forename: Heidi Elisabeth
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Schwartz-Zimmermann
authors.affiliation: Christian Doppler Laboratory for Mycotoxin Metabolism and Center for Analytical Chemistry, Department for Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Konrad Lorenz Str. 20, Tulln 3430, Austria.
authors.forename: Elisabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Varga
authors.affiliation: Institute of Animal Nutrition, Products, and Nutrition Physiology, Department IFA-Tulln, BOKU, Muthgasse 11, Vienna 1190, Austria.
authors.forename: Christiane
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Schwarz
authors.affiliation: Christian Doppler Laboratory for Mycotoxin Metabolism and Center for Analytical Chemistry, Department for Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Konrad Lorenz Str. 20, Tulln 3430, Austria.
authors.forename: Veronika
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Slavik
authors.affiliation: BIOMIN Research Center, Technopark 1, Tulln 3430, Austria.
authors.forename: Nicole
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Reisinger
authors.affiliation: Christian Doppler Laboratory for Mycotoxin Metabolism and Center for Analytical Chemistry, Department for Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Konrad Lorenz Str. 20, Tulln 3430, Austria.
authors.forename: Alexandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Malachová
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 95/A, Parma 43124, Italy.
authors.forename: Martina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cirlini
authors.affiliation: Barilla G.R. F.lli SpA, Via Mantova 166, Parma 43100, Italy.
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Generotti
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 95/A, Parma 43124, Italy.
authors.forename: Chiara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dall'Asta
authors.affiliation: Christian Doppler Laboratory for Mycotoxin Metabolism and Center for Analytical Chemistry, Department for Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Konrad Lorenz Str. 20, Tulln 3430, Austria.
authors.forename: Rudolf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Krska
authors.affiliation: BIOMIN Research Center, Technopark 1, Tulln 3430, Austria.
authors.forename: Wulf-Dieter
authors.initials: WD
authors.lastname: Moll
authors.affiliation: Christian Doppler Laboratory for Mycotoxin Metabolism and Center for Analytical Chemistry, Department for Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Konrad Lorenz Str. 20, Tulln 3430, Austria.
authors.forename: Franz
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Berthiller
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid; D005243:Feces / Q000737:chemistry; D037341:Fumonisins / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000633:toxicity; D005670:Fusarium / Q000737:chemistry; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D050356:Lipid Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013107:Sphingolipids / Q000378:metabolism*; D013110:Sphingosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000652:urine; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry; D016482:Urinalysis; D003313:Zea mays / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D037341:Fumonisins; D013107:Sphingolipids; C056933:fumonisin B1; D013110:Sphingosine; C005682:safingol
keywords: ADME; Biomarkers; Fumonisin metabolism; LC–MS/MS; Mycotoxins; Rodents