title: X-ray-induced shortwave infrared biomedical imaging using rare-earth nanoprobes.
abstract: Shortwave infrared (SWIR or NIR-II) light provides significant advantages for imaging biological structures due to reduced autofluorescence and photon scattering. Here, we report on the development of rare-earth nanoprobes that exhibit SWIR luminescence following X-ray irradiation. We demonstrate the ability of X-ray-induced SWIR luminescence (X-IR) to monitor biodistribution and map lymphatic drainage. Our results indicate X-IR imaging is a promising new modality for preclinical applications and has potential for dual-modality molecular disease imaging.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine , Palo Alto, California 94305, United States.
authors.forename: Dominik Jan
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Naczynski
authors.forename: Conroy
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Silvan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Türkcan
authors.forename: Cesare
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Jenkins
authors.forename: Ai Leen
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Koh
authors.forename: Debra
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ikeda
authors.forename: Guillem
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pratx
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Xing
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D007259:Infrared Rays; D049449:Luminescence; D008208:Lymphatic System / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D008674:Metals, Rare Earth / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D051379:Mice; D049329:Nanostructures / Q000737:chemistry*; D051598:Whole Body Imaging; D014965:X-Rays
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D008674:Metals, Rare Earth
keywords: NIR-II; SWIR; X-ray luminescence; imaging; rare-earth; second near-infrared