title: FAK/Src family of kinases: protective or aggravating factor for ischemia reperfusion injury in nervous system?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and the Src families of kinases are subfamilies of the non-receptor protein tyrosine kinases. FAK activity is regulated by gene amplification, alternative splicing and phosporylation/dephosphorylation. FAK/Src complex has been found to participate through various pathways in neuronal models of ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) with conflicting results. The aim of the present review is to summarize the currently available data on this subject.
  
  
  METHODS
  The MEDLINE/PubMed database was searched for publications with the medical subject heading IRI and FAK and/or Src, nervous system. We restricted our search till 2014. We identified 93 articles that were available in English as abstracts or/and full-text articles that were deemed appropriate for our review.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  FAK has been found to have a beneficial preconditioning effect on IRI through activation via the protein kinase C (PKC) pathway by anesthetic agents. Of great importance are the interactions between FAK/Src and VEGF that has been already detected as a protective mean for IRI. The effect of VEGF administration might depend on dose as well as on time of administration. A Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II or PKC inhibitors seem to have protective effects on IRI by inhibiting ion channels activation.
authors.affiliation: National and Kapodistrian University of Athens , Anastasiou Gennadiou 56, 11474, Athens , Greece +30 210 6440590 ; dimmoris@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Christos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bikis
authors.forename: Demetrios
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Moris
authors.forename: Ioanna
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Vasileiou
authors.forename: Eustratios
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Patsouris
authors.forename: Stamatios
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Theocharis
mesh_terms: D000777:Anesthetics / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D051416:Focal Adhesion Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D019194:Ischemic Preconditioning; D009422:Nervous System Diseases / Q000503:physiopathology*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000503:physiopathology*; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000008:administration & dosage; D019061:src-Family Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000777:Anesthetics; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D051416:Focal Adhesion Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D019061:src-Family Kinases; D011493:Protein Kinase C
keywords: Src; focal adhesion kinase; ischemia-reperfusion injury; nervous system