title: Locations of lesser tuberosity cysts and their association with subscapularis, supraspinatus, and long head of the biceps tendon disorders.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Humeral head cysts are not uncommon in individuals with rotator cuff disorders. The cysts are usually considered an indicator of rotator cuff pathologies; however, they may have different meanings in different regions.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine the frequency of cysts within and adjacent to the lesser tuberosity and the relationship between these cysts and subscapularis, supraspinatus, and long head of the biceps tendon (LHBT) disorders.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively reviewed 760 consecutive shoulder magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations. Among these MRIs, we selected a group of patients with cysts located around the lesser tuberosity. The study population was also divided into two subgroups, patients with cysts within the lesser tuberosity and those with cysts adjacent to the lesser tuberosity. In addition to the number and size of cysts, the MRI appearance of the tendons was evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eighty-one (10.7%) patients had cysts within and/or adjacent to the lesser tuberosity, 34 (42%) patients had cysts within the lesser tuberosity, and 47 (58%) patients had cysts adjacent to it. LHBT and subscapularis tendon disorders were significantly related to more than one cyst. In a univariate analysis, cysts within the lesser tuberosity were significantly associated with LHBT and subscapularis tendon disorders; however, multivariate analyses showed that only LHBT disorders were significantly associated with cysts within the lesser tuberosity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cysts within the lesser tuberosity were less common than cysts adjacent to it. LHBT and subscapularis tendon disorders were more frequently found in patients with more than one cyst within and/or adjacent to the lesser tuberosity. In addition, cysts within the lesser tuberosity were associated with LHBT disorders.
authors.affiliation: Gaziosmanpasa University, School of Medicine, Radiology Department, Tokat, Turkey fatihcelikyay99@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Fatih
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Celikyay
authors.affiliation: Gaziosmanpasa University, School of Medicine, Radiology Department, Tokat, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ruken
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yuksekkaya
authors.affiliation: Sorgun Goverment Hospital, Radiology Department, Yozgat, Turkey.
authors.forename: Caglar
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Deniz
authors.affiliation: Dumlupinar University, School of Medicine, Orthopaedics and Traumatology Department, Kutahya, Turkey.
authors.forename: Sermet
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Inal
authors.affiliation: Gaziosmanpasa University, School of Medicine, Radiology Department, Tokat, Turkey.
authors.forename: Erkan
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gokce
authors.affiliation: Osmangazi University, School of Medicine, Radiology Department, Eskisehir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Berat
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Acu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003560:Cysts / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012785:Shoulder Joint / Q000473:pathology*; D013708:Tendon Injuries / Q000175:diagnosis*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: MRI; cysts; extremity; shoulder; tendons