title: A qualitative study exploring newborn care behaviours after home births in rural Ethiopia: implications for adoption of essential interventions for saving newborn lives.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Ethiopia is among seven high-mortality countries which have achieved the fourth millennium development goal with over two-thirds reduction in under-five mortality rate. However, the proportion of neonatal deaths continues to rise and recent studies reported low coverage of the essential interventions saving newborn lives. In the context of low uptake of health facility delivery, it is relevant to explore routine practices during home deliveries and, in this study, we explored the sequence of immediate newborn care practices and associated beliefs following home deliveries in rural communities in Ethiopia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between April-May 2013, we conducted 26 semi-structured interviews and 2 focus group discussions with eligible mothers, as well as a key informant interview with a local expert in traditional newborn care practices in rural Basona woreda (district) near the urban town of Debrebirhan, 120 km from Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The most frequently cited sequence of newborn care practices reported by mothers with home deliveries in the rural Basona woreda was to tie the cord, immediately bath then dry the newborn, practice 'Lanka mansat' (local traditional practice on newborns), give pre-lacteal feeding and then initiate breastfeeding. For 'Lanka mansat', the traditional birth attendant applies mild pressure inside the baby's mouth on the soft palate using her index finger. This is performed believing that the baby will have 'better voice' and 'speak clearly' later in life.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Coverage figures fail to tell the whole story as to why some essential interventions are not practiced and, in this study, we identified established norms or routines within the rural communities that determine the sequence of newborn care practices following home births. This might explain why some mothers delay initiation of breastfeeding and implementation of other recommended essential interventions saving newborn lives. An in-depth understanding of established routines is necessary, and community health extension workers require further training and negotiation skills in order to change the behaviour of mothers in practicing essential interventions while respecting local values and norms within the communities.
authors.affiliation: London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, UK. Mihretab.Salasibew@lshtm.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Mihretab Melesse
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Salasibew
authors.affiliation: London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, UK. Suzanne.Filteau@lshtm.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Suzanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Filteau
authors.affiliation: London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, UK. Tanya.Marchant@lshtm.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Tanya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Marchant
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001942:Breast Feeding; D003150:Community Health Workers; D036861:Delivery, Obstetric; D005002:Ethiopia; D005260:Female; D017144:Focus Groups; D006700:Home Childbirth / Q000451:nursing*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007224:Infant Care / Q000379:methods*; D007226:Infant Mortality / Q000208:ethnology*; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008875:Middle Aged; D008880:Midwifery; D009035:Mothers / Q000193:education; D011247:Pregnancy; D011295:Prenatal Care; D036301:Qualitative Research; D012424:Rural Population; D055815:Young Adult