title: Maternal obesity and offspring dietary patterns at 9 months of age.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Differences in the quality of complementary feeding between infants of obese and nonobese mothers have not been examined sufficiently. The aim of this paper was to compare dietary patterns, foods, nutrients and energy intakes of 9-month-old Danish infants in a cohort comprising obese mothers (SKOT II, n=184; SKOT, Danish abbreviation of small children's diet and well-being) with a cohort consisting mainly of nonobese mothers (SKOT I, n=329).
  
  
  METHODS
  Dietary intake was assessed by 7-day records, and dietary patterns were identified by principal component analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  SKOT I was characterized by a lower maternal body mass index (BMI) and a higher social class than SKOT II in relation to parental education and occupation. Infants in SKOT II had lower scores on a Health-Conscious Food pattern reflected at the food group level, for example, with lower intake of the food groups Fruit and Vegetable but higher intake of WheatBreadNoWholegrain in SKOT II compared with SKOT I. Moreover, SKOT II had shorter durations of breastfeeding, earlier introductions of complementary feeding, higher energy intake from protein but lower energy intakes from monounsaturated fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids at 9 months. SKOT II had higher weight-for-age and length-for-age z-scores, but no differences in BMI z-scores, as compared with SKOT I at 9 months.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Infants of obese mothers from a lower social class seem to have a less healthy diet and higher weight and length z-scores at 9 months. Therefore, the promotion of healthy complementary feeding might be beneficial for the prevention of health implications, such as obesity, later in life for these infants.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: L B B
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Andersen
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: C B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Pipper
authors.affiliation: National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Søborg, Denmark.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Trolle
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bro
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Larnkjær
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark.
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Carlsen
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mølgaard
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: K F
authors.initials: KF
authors.lastname: Michaelsen
mesh_terms: D015992:Body Mass Index; D002657:Child Development; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003718:Denmark / Q000453:epidemiology; D004032:Diet / Q000009:adverse effects*; D015930:Diet Records; D005248:Feeding Methods / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007227:Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D039382:Maternal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D018673:Nutrition Policy; D009765:Obesity / Q000503:physiopathology*; D010290:Parents; D010349:Patient Compliance; D063766:Pediatric Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D012306:Risk; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors