title: Trunk muscle activation during different quadruped stabilization exercises in individuals with chronic low back pain.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to compare the trunk muscle activities and the local/global activity ratios of the abdominal, back and trunk muscles during stabilization exercises such as one arm raise (AR), one leg raise (LR), and opposing arm/leg raise (ALR) in patients with chronic low back pain (LBP).
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten individuals with chronic LBP (five men and five women) participated in this study. The external oblique abdominis, internal oblique abdominis, multifidus, thoracic part of the lumbar iliocostalis and the local/global activity ratio were assessed, while quadruped stabilization exercises were performed (AR, LR, and ALR); each exercise was carried out three times.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One-way repeated ANOVA was used to measure the differences in the trunk muscle activity and the local/global activity ratio. Post hoc analyses were performed (α = 0.05/3 = 0.017). In the right internal oblique, muscle activity during LR was significantly greater than that during AR. In the bilateral multifidus and lumbar iliocostalis, each ALR muscle activity was significantly greater than those of AR and LR. In addition, the local/global activity ratios of the back and trunk muscle in LR and ALR were significantly greater compared with AR.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  LR should be recommended over AR for individuals with chronic LBP. Moreover, the application of ALR should be approached carefully on the basis of progress and ability to stabilize the spine in this patient population.
authors.affiliation: Applied Kinesiology and Ergonomic Technology Laboratory, Department of Physical Therapy, The Graduate School, Yonsei University, Wonju, South Korea.|Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health and Welfare, Woosong University, Daejeon, South Korea.
authors.forename: Tae-Lim
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.affiliation: Applied Kinesiology and Ergonomic Technology Laboratory, Department of Physical Therapy, The Graduate School, Yonsei University, Wonju, South Korea.
authors.forename: Heon-Seock
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Cynn
authors.affiliation: Applied Kinesiology and Ergonomic Technology Laboratory, Department of Physical Therapy, The Graduate School, Yonsei University, Wonju, South Korea.
authors.forename: Sil-Ah
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Applied Kinesiology and Ergonomic Technology Laboratory, Department of Physical Therapy, The Graduate School, Yonsei University, Wonju, South Korea.
authors.forename: Woo-Jeong
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Applied Kinesiology and Ergonomic Technology Laboratory, Department of Physical Therapy, The Graduate School, Yonsei University, Wonju, South Korea.
authors.forename: Hyo-Jung
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Jeong
authors.affiliation: Applied Kinesiology and Ergonomic Technology Laboratory, Department of Physical Therapy, The Graduate School, Yonsei University, Wonju, South Korea.
authors.forename: Ji-Hyun
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health and Welfare, Woosong University, Daejeon, South Korea.
authors.forename: Bong-Sam
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Choi
mesh_terms: D000009:Abdominal Muscles / Q000503:physiopathology; D000328:Adult; D064131:Back Muscles / Q000503:physiopathology; D002908:Chronic Disease; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D004576:Electromyography; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D017116:Low Back Pain / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D008297:Male; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000503:physiopathology*; D026741:Physical Therapy Modalities; D060726:Torso / Q000503:physiopathology*
keywords: core muscles; electromyography; spine