title: Acute Back Pain Following Surgery under Spinal Anesthesia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The purpose of this study was to determine the factors having a role in the occurrence of acute back pain following spinal anesthesia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Six hundred and forty-nine patients who underwent surgery under spinal anesthesia were enrolled in this prospective observational study. Patients' age, sex, BMI, ASA physical status, educational status, history of back pain, spinal needle radius, spinal interspace level of intervention, method of approach for spinal anesthesia, position during spinal anesthesia, angle of puncture with respect to the spinal ligaments, magnitude of pain during intervention, number of lumbar punctures, number of bony contacts, amount of bupivacaine administered intrathecally, type of surgical procedure, surgical position, duration of the surgery, and duration of anesthesia parameters were recorded. Patients were inquired for existence and magnitude of back pain on the 1st day and the 4th week postoperatively. Multivariate analysis is performed via logistic regression model to parameters that are found to be significant in univariate analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Assessment of the data from the postoperative 1st day showed 29.3% of the patients suffered back pain. Postspinal acute back pain was related to the number of bony contacts (P = 0.016), history of back pain (P = 0.0001), spinal needle radius (P = 0.022), and duration of the surgery (P = 0.037).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Contrary to the common belief, it is demonstrated in this study that number of lumbar punctures, method of approach and position of the spinal anesthesia, age, sex, surgical position, and the type of the surgery did not correlate with occurrence of acute back pain following spinal anesthesia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Izmir Bozyaka Research and Training Hospital, Izmir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Zeki T
authors.initials: ZT
authors.lastname: Tekgül
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Tepecik Research and Training Hospital, Izmir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Sinan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pektaş
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Tepecik Research and Training Hospital, Izmir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Murat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Turan
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Tepecik Research and Training Hospital, Izmir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Yücel
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Karaman
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Tepecik Research and Training Hospital, Izmir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Meltem
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Çakmak
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Tepecik Research and Training Hospital, Izmir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Mustafa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gönüllü
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000775:Anesthesia, Spinal / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001416:Back Pain / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D011446:Prospective Studies
keywords: anesthesia; back pain; postoperative period; postspinal back pain; spinal