title: N-heterocyclic carbene gold(I) and silver(I) complexes bearing functional groups for bio-conjugation.
abstract: This work describes several synthetic approaches to append organic functional groups to gold and silver N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) complexes suitable for applications in biomolecule conjugation. Carboxylate appended NHC ligands (3) lead to unstable Au(I) complexes that convert into bis-NHC species (4). A benzyl protected carboxylate NHC-Au(I) complex 2 was synthesized but deprotection to produce the carboxylic acid functionality could not be achieved. A small library of new alkyne functionalized NHC proligands were synthesized and used for subsequent silver and gold metalation reactions. The alkyne appended NHC gold complex 13 readily reacts with benzyl azide in a copper catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition reaction to form the triazole appended NHC gold complex 14. Cell cytotoxicity studies were performed on DLD-1 (colorectal adenocarcinoma), Hep-G2 (hepatocellular carcinoma), MCF-7 (breast adenocarcinoma), CCRF-CEM (human T-Cell leukemia), and HEK (human embryonic kidney). Complete spectroscopic characterization of the ligands and complexes was achieved using (1)H and (13)C NMR, gHMBC, ESI-MS, and combustion analysis.
authors.affiliation: University of Florida, Department of Chemistry, Center for Catalysis, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA. veige@chem.ufl.edu.
authors.forename: Mary E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Garner
authors.forename: Weijia
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Niu
authors.forename: Xigao
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Ion
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ghiviriga
authors.forename: Khalil A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Abboud
authors.forename: Weihong
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.forename: Adam S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Veige
mesh_terms: D002460:Cell Line; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D006046:Gold / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D006571:Heterocyclic Compounds / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008697:Methane / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D009942:Organometallic Compounds / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D012834:Silver / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization
chemical_list: D006571:Heterocyclic Compounds; D009942:Organometallic Compounds; C030011:carbene; D012834:Silver; D006046:Gold; D008697:Methane