title: The estimated volume of the fibroid uterus: a comparison of ultrasound and bimanual examination versus volume at MRI or hysterectomy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The volume of a fibroid uterus before performing hysterectomy is typically estimated through bimanual examination and confirmed by ultrasonography. This study compares estimated volumes by bimanual examination and ultrasound examination with MRI and actual volumes obtained from histopathology, as gold standards.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used data from a previous prospective randomized multi-center trial that compared hysterectomy and uterine artery embolization (UAE) for the treatment of symptomatic fibroids. All patients underwent bimanual vaginal examination and pelvic ultrasonography. Those women randomized to UAE received a pelvic MRI. For women randomized to hysterectomy, the exact uterine volume was based on histopathologic examination. We compared the calculated volumes based on ultrasound parameters and estimated volume based on bimanual examination with either the calculated volumes of the pelvic MRI parameters or the calculated volume based on the exact weight during histological examinations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Our study demonstrated poor agreement between ultrasound and bimanual examination compared with exact volume during histopathologic examination and MRI-based volume. The agreement within the patient group with uterine volume >233 g and >747 g was fair to good. For those women with a uterine volume between 233 and 747 g, the agreement was poor when comparing bimanual estimates with volume obtained from MRI or histolopathologic examination. Within this volume group, the agreement on uterine volume between ultrasound and MRI or histopathologic examination was fair.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study shows that uterine volume as estimated by ultrasound and bimanual examination can be used for small or large uteri. For uteri with an intermediate volume, bimanual examination and ultrasound are less reliable.
authors.affiliation: VU Medical Center, Department of Gynecology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Electronic address: b.stoelinga@vumc.nl.
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Stoelinga
authors.affiliation: VU Medical Center, Department of Gynecology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Judith
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Huirne
authors.affiliation: VU Medical Center, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Martijn W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Heymans
authors.affiliation: Academic Medical Centre, Department of Radiology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Jim A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Reekers
authors.affiliation: Academic Medical Centre, Department of Gynecology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Willem M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Ankum
authors.affiliation: VU Medical Center, Department of Gynecology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Wouter J K
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Hehenkamp
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D058869:Gynecological Examination; D006801:Humans; D007044:Hysterectomy; D007889:Leiomyoma / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008875:Middle Aged; D009929:Organ Size; D011446:Prospective Studies; D014463:Ultrasonography; D014594:Uterine Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D014599:Uterus / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery
keywords: Fibroids; Hysterectomy; MRI estimation; Ultrasound estimation; Uterine volume; Uterine weight