title: Three-layer reconstruction of large urethrocutaneous fistulas using scrotal-septal flaps.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The repair of large urethrocutaneous fistulas (UCFs) commonly involves reconstruction of the urethra, waterproof layer and skin coverage, which deploy different tissues from different flaps. To simplify the multiple procedures, we explored to use one flap (a scrotal-septal flap) to reconstruct three layers in UCF repairing in one stage.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between January 2011 and July 2012, 29 patients with large UCFs (ranging from 1.0 to 2.0 cm) were treated using scrotal-septal flaps for three-layer reconstruction. Every patient has an unbroken scrotum. The hair follicles in the donor site were destroyed using a radiosurgical knife 2 months before the operation. The flap was divided into three zones, which were flipped, folded, and extended respectively to form the urethra, waterproof layer and skin coverage.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The patients were followed up between 6 to 12 months. No fistula recurrence was observed. All flaps survived, except in one case, in which the distal skin flap was lost but stenosis or fistula did not develop. Two patients underwent second operations to refine the aesthetic results.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The scrotal-septal flap can be transferred in an overturning-folding-advancement fashion and can simultaneously involve the reconstruction of the urethra, waterproof barrier and skin coverage. This is a simple and reliable alternative for large UCFs (≤2 cm) repairing at the penoscrotal junction; however, it cannot be used in patients with a damaged scrotal septum.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hypospadias and Gynecological Plastic Surgery, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Department of Hypospadias and Gynecological Plastic Surgery, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Qiang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Liang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Hypospadias and Gynecological Plastic Surgery, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Chuande
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Department of Hypospadias and Gynecological Plastic Surgery, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Fengyong
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Hypospadias and Gynecological Plastic Surgery, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Linhai
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.affiliation: Department of Hypospadias and Gynecological Plastic Surgery, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Senkai
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Li