title: Effect of instructive visual stimuli on neurofeedback training for motor imagery-based brain-computer interface.
abstract: Event-related desynchronization (ERD) of the electroencephalogram (EEG) from the motor cortex is associated with execution, observation, and mental imagery of motor tasks. Generation of ERD by motor imagery (MI) has been widely used for brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) linked to neuroprosthetics and other motor assistance devices. Control of MI-based BCIs can be acquired by neurofeedback training to reliably induce MI-associated ERD. To develop more effective training conditions, we investigated the effect of static and dynamic visual representations of target movements (a picture of forearms or a video clip of hand grasping movements) during the BCI neurofeedback training. After 4 consecutive training days, the group that performed MI while viewing the video showed significant improvement in generating MI-associated ERD compared with the group that viewed the static image. This result suggests that passively observing the target movement during MI would improve the associated mental imagery and enhance MI-based BCIs skills.
authors.affiliation: Department of Computer and Information Sciences, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16, Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan. Electronic address: t_kondo@cc.tuat.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Toshiyuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kondo
authors.affiliation: Department of Computer and Information Sciences, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16, Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan.
authors.forename: Midori
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Saeki
authors.affiliation: Brain Embodiment Lab, School of Systems Engineering, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AY, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Yoshikatsu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hayashi
authors.affiliation: Department of Computer and Information Sciences, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16, Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan.
authors.forename: Kosei
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakayashiki
authors.affiliation: Hamamatsu Photonics K.K., Branch 5000, Hirakuchi, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 434-8601, Japan.
authors.forename: Yohei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Takata
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D062207:Brain-Computer Interfaces; D004569:Electroencephalography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007092:Imagination / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D009039:Motion Perception / Q000502:physiology; D009044:Motor Cortex / Q000502:physiology*; D009048:Motor Skills / Q000502:physiology; D058765:Neurofeedback / Q000502:physiology*; D010364:Pattern Recognition, Visual / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Brain–computer interface; Event-related desynchronization; Motor imagery; Neurofeedback training