title: Polymer micronozzle array for multiple electrosprays produced by templated synthesis and etching of microstructured fibers.
abstract: Microstructured fibers (MSFs) having raised polymer nozzles in each channel are custom designed, fabricated, and tested for use as multiple electrospray (MES) emitters for mass spectrometry (MS). There is strong motivation to develop electrospray emitters that operate at practical flow rates but give the much greater ionization efficiency associated with lower (nano) flow rates. This can be accomplished by splitting the flow into many lower-volume electrosprays, an approach known as MES. To couple with most modern mass spectrometers, the MES emitter must have a small diameter to allow efficient ion collection into the MS. In this work, a MSF, defined as a fiber having many empty channels running along its length, was designed to have 9 channels, 9 μm each, >100 μm apart arranged in a radial pattern, all in a fiber having a compatible diameter with both front-end LC equipment and typical MS inlets. This design seeks to promote independent electrospray from each channel while maintaining electric field homogeneity. While the MSFs themselves do not support MES, the formation of polymer nozzles protruding from each channel at the tip face enables independent electrospray from each nozzle. Microscope imaging, electrospray current measurement, and ESI-MS detection of a model analyte all confirm the MES behavior of the 9-nozzle emitter, showing significant signal enhancement relative to a single-nozzle emitter at the same total flow rate. LC/MS data from a protein digest obtained at an independent laboratory demonstrates the applicability and robustness of the emitter for real scientific challenges using modern LC/MS equipment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Queen's University , Kingston, Ontario, Canada , K7L 3N6.
authors.forename: Yueqiao
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.forename: Graham T T
authors.initials: GT
authors.lastname: Gibson
authors.forename: Antoine
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Proulx
authors.forename: André
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Croteau
authors.forename: Bradley B
authors.initials: BB
authors.lastname: Schneider
authors.forename: Thomas R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Covey
authors.forename: Richard D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Oleschuk