title: Development and application of a simultaneous SPE-method for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), alkylated PAHs, heterocyclic PAHs (NSO-HET) and phenols in aqueous samples from German Rivers and the North Sea.
abstract: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), heterocyclic PAHs (NSO-HETs), alkylated PAHs and phenols are known as the prevailing contaminants in groundwater at tar contaminated sites. Besides these local sources, the concentrations and the distribution in particular of NSO-HETs in environmental samples, such as rivers, have received notably less attention. To investigate their occurrence in river basins two sensitive analytical methods for the simultaneous extraction of 86 substances including NSO-HETs, classical EPA-PAHs, alkylated PAHs and phenols were developed: liquid-liquid extraction for the whole water phase and solid phase extraction for the dissolved water phase only. Solely GC-MS or additionally LC-MSMS for fractionated basic nitrogen heterocycles (N-HETs) were used for quantification. Limits of quantification were in the low ngL(-1) range. Concentrations were determined in 29 aqueous samples from 8 relatively large rivers located in Lower Saxony (Germany) and the North Sea. NSO-HETs had comparable or even higher sum concentrations than EPA-PAHs. N-HETs, especially acridine and quinolines with concentrations of up to 20ngL(-1) per substance, were predominant.
authors.affiliation: Leuphana University Lüneburg, Institute of Sustainable and Environmental Chemistry, Scharnhorststr. 1, 21335 Lüneburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Anne-Kathrin
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Siemers
authors.affiliation: Leuphana University Lüneburg, Institute of Sustainable and Environmental Chemistry, Scharnhorststr. 1, 21335 Lüneburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Jan Sebastian
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Mänz
authors.affiliation: Leuphana University Lüneburg, Institute of Sustainable and Environmental Chemistry, Scharnhorststr. 1, 21335 Lüneburg, Germany. Electronic address: palm@uni.leuphana.de.
authors.forename: Wolf-Ulrich
authors.initials: WU
authors.lastname: Palm
authors.affiliation: Leuphana University Lüneburg, Institute of Sustainable and Environmental Chemistry, Scharnhorststr. 1, 21335 Lüneburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Wolfgang K L
authors.initials: WKL
authors.lastname: Ruck
mesh_terms: D000478:Alkylation; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D005858:Germany; D006571:Heterocyclic Compounds / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D059625:Liquid-Liquid Extraction; D015394:Molecular Structure; D009659:North Sea; D010636:Phenols / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D045483:Rivers / Q000737:chemistry*; D052616:Solid Phase Extraction; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D006571:Heterocyclic Compounds; D010636:Phenols; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical
keywords: Extended surface water monitoring program; GC–MS; LC–MSMS; NSO-HETs; PAHs