title: Biodiesel synthesis catalyzed by transition metal oxides: ferric-manganese doped tungstated/molybdena nanoparticle catalyst.
abstract: The solid acid Ferric-manganese doped tungstated/molybdena nananoparticle catalyst was prepared via impregnation reaction followed by calcination at 600°C for 3 h. The characterization was done using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), temperature programmed desorption of NH3 (TPD-NH3), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), Transmission electron microscope (TEM) and Brunner-Emmett-Teller surface area measurement (BET). Moreover, dependence of biodiesel yield on the reaction variables such as the reaction temperature, catalyst loading, as well as molar ratio of methanol/oil and reusability were also appraised. The catalyst was reused six times without any loss in activity with maximum yield of 92.3% ±1.12 achieved in the optimized conditions of reaction temperature of 200°C; stirring speed of 600 rpm, 1:25 molar ratio of oil to alcohol, 6 % w/w catalyst loading as well as 8 h as time of the reaction. The fuel properties of WCOME's were evaluated, including the density, kinematic viscosity, pour point, cloud point and flash point whereas all properties were compared with the limits in the ASTM D6751 standard.
authors.affiliation: Catalysis Science and Technology Research Centre; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science; Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang. abuohamid9090@gmail.com
authors.forename: Fatah Hamid
authors.initials: FH
authors.lastname: Alhassan
authors.forename: Umer
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Rashid
authors.forename: Yun Hin
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Taufiq-Yap
mesh_terms: D056804:Biofuels; D002384:Catalysis; D055598:Chemical Phenomena; D005290:Ferric Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*; D006358:Hot Temperature; D008345:Manganese / Q000737:chemistry*; D008982:Molybdenum / Q000737:chemistry*; D053758:Nanoparticles; D055601:Organic Chemistry Phenomena; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000737:chemistry; D013997:Time Factors; D017973:Tungsten Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D056804:Biofuels; D005290:Ferric Compounds; D010938:Plant Oils; D017973:Tungsten Compounds; C044659:molybdate; D008345:Manganese; D008982:Molybdenum