title: Music and 25% glucose pain relief for the premature infant: a randomized clinical trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyze the total Premature Infant Pain Profile scores of premature infants undergoing arterial puncture during music and 25% glucose interventions, and to assess their association with neonatal and therapeutic variables.
  
  
  METHODS
  A randomized clinical trial with 80 premature infants; 24 in the Experimental Group 1 (music), 33 in the Experimental Group 2 (music and 25% glucose), 23 in the Positive Control Group (25% glucose). All premature infants were videotaped and a lullaby was played for ten minutes before puncture in Experimental Groups 1 and 2; 25% glucose administered in Experimental Group 2 and the Positive Control Group two minutes before puncture.
  
  
  RESULTS
  60.0% of premature infants had moderate or maximum pain; pain scores and intervention groups were not statistically significant. Statistically significant variables: Experimental Group 1: head and chest circumference, Apgar scores, corrected gestational age; Experimental Group 2: chest circumference, Apgar scores, oxygen therapy; Positive Control group: birth weight, head circumference.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Neonatal variables are associated with pain in premature infants. Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials: UTN: U1111-1123-4821.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Enfermagem, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
authors.forename: Maria Vera Lúcia Moreira Leitão
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Cardoso
authors.affiliation: Hospital Infantil Albert Sabin, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
authors.forename: Leiliane Martins
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Farias
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Enfermagem, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
authors.forename: Gleicia Martins
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: de Melo
mesh_terms: D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D005947:Glucose / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature; D008297:Male; D009147:Music Therapy; D059408:Pain Management / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D005947:Glucose