title: OASI: a preventable injury?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to determine risk factors for obstetric anal sphincter injury and whether any of them were modifiable.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a retrospective review of 2572 women (cases=1286; controls=1286) that took place over a 10 year period at a University teaching hospital. Maternal (Age, Parity, BMI and ethnicity), Obstetric (gestational age, assistance during delivery, episiotomy) and fetal (weight) risk factors were analyzed using logistic regression model presented as odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Both univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted with outcome variables comparing cases and controls. Cases without instrumental deliveries were also compared to controls to exclude for the effect of assisted delivery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  This study shows that in addition to instrumental delivery, primiparity (OR 9.8; CI 7.8-12.3), episiotomy (OR 8.6; CI 6.4-11.6), gestational age over 41 weeks (OR 1.5; CI 1.2-1.9), fetal weight over 4 kg (OR 3.2; CI 2.3-4.4) and Asian ethnicity (OR 1.9; CI 1.4-2.7) were all strongly associated with OASI. A raised BMI over 30 appeared to have a protective effect (OR 0.4; CI 0.2-0.5).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Most risk factors related to OASI are non-modifiable however gestational age and episiotomy are modifiable risk factors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urogynaecology, Level 4 Jessop Wing, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals, NHS Trust, Tree Root Walk, Sheffield S10 2SF, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Habiba
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kapaya
authors.affiliation: Department of Urogynaecology, Level 4 Jessop Wing, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals, NHS Trust, Tree Root Walk, Sheffield S10 2SF, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Sharifah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hashim
authors.affiliation: Department of Urogynaecology, Level 4 Jessop Wing, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals, NHS Trust, Tree Root Walk, Sheffield S10 2SF, United Kingdom. Electronic address: Swati.Jha@sth.nhs.uk.
authors.forename: Swati
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jha
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001003:Anal Canal / Q000293:injuries*; D004841:Episiotomy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005113:Extraction, Obstetrical / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006771:Hospitals, Maternity / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D011247:Pregnancy; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D017695:Soft Tissue Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D006113:United Kingdom / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Episiotomy; Instrumental delivery; OASI; Risk factors