title: Shifts in Mycobacterial Populations and Emerging Drug-Resistance in West and Central Africa.
abstract: In this study, we retrospectively analysed a total of 605 clinical isolates from six West or Central African countries (Benin, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Guinea-Conakry, Niger and Senegal). Besides spoligotyping to assign isolates to ancient and modern mycobacterial lineages, we conducted phenotypic drug-susceptibility-testing for each isolate for the four first-line drugs. We showed that phylogenetically modern Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains are more likely associated with drug resistance than ancient strains and predict that the currently ongoing replacement of the endemic ancient by a modern mycobacterial population in West/Central Africa might result in increased drug resistance in the sub-region.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Tropical Medicine (ITM), Antwerp, Belgium; Medical Research Council (MRC), The Gambia Unit, Fajara, The Gambia.
authors.forename: Florian
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gehre
authors.affiliation: Institute of Tropical Medicine (ITM), Antwerp, Belgium.
authors.forename: Mebrat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ejo
authors.affiliation: Institute of Tropical Medicine (ITM), Antwerp, Belgium.
authors.forename: Kristina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fissette
authors.affiliation: Institute of Tropical Medicine (ITM), Antwerp, Belgium.
authors.forename: Pim
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: de Rijk
authors.affiliation: Institute of Tropical Medicine (ITM), Antwerp, Belgium.
authors.forename: Cécile
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Uwizeye
authors.affiliation: Institute of Tropical Medicine (ITM), Antwerp, Belgium.
authors.forename: Elie
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Nduwamahoro
authors.affiliation: Institute of Tropical Medicine (ITM), Antwerp, Belgium.
authors.forename: Odin
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Goovaerts
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Reference des Mycobactéries, Cotonou, Benin.
authors.forename: Dissou
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Affolabi
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Reference des Mycobactéries, Cotonou, Benin.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gninafon
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire des Mycobactéries, Institut Pasteur de Bangui, Bangui, Central African Republic.
authors.forename: Fanny M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Lingoupou
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Reference des Mycobactéries, Conakry, Guinea-Conakry.
authors.forename: Mamadou Dian
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Barry
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Reference des Mycobactéries, Conakry, Guinea-Conakry.
authors.forename: Oumou
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Sow
authors.affiliation: London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Corinne
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Merle
authors.affiliation: UNICEF/UNDP/World Bank/WHO Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases (TDR), Geneva, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Piero
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Olliaro
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Reference des Mycobactéries, Dakar, Senegal.
authors.forename: Fatoumata
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ba
authors.affiliation: National TB Programme, Dakar, Senegal.
authors.forename: Marie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sarr
authors.affiliation: Damien Foundation, Niamey, Niger.
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Piubello
authors.affiliation: Independent Consultant, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
authors.forename: Juergen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Noeske
authors.affiliation: Medical Research Council (MRC), The Gambia Unit, Fajara, The Gambia.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Antonio
authors.affiliation: Institute of Tropical Medicine (ITM), Antwerp, Belgium.
authors.forename: Leen
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rigouts
authors.affiliation: Institute of Tropical Medicine (ITM), Antwerp, Belgium; New York University, New York, United States of America.
authors.forename: Bouke C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: de Jong
mesh_terms: D000350:Africa, Central; D000354:Africa, Western; D000995:Antitubercular Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D060005:Genotyping Techniques; D009169:Mycobacterium tuberculosis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D010802:Phylogeny; D019233:Retreatment; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014376:Tuberculosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D000995:Antitubercular Agents