title: Skatole remediation potential of Rhodopseudomonas palustris WKU-KDNS3 isolated from an animal waste lagoon.
abstract: Skatole (3MI) is a major contributor to the malodor emission resulting from ruminant and human faeces. The remediation of malodor has been a major challenge for the animal production industry. In this investigation, a pure culture of purple nonsulphur bacterium capable of degrading 3MI was isolated from a swine waste lagoon using an enrichment technique and identified as Rhodopseudomonas palustris WKU-KDNS3 based on 16S rRNA analysis and UV-visible spectroscopy. The cell structure of the organism was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy. Growth profile and 3MI removal pattern were determined using media supplemented with 0.1 μmol 3MI under short-term and long-term aerobic growth conditions. The organism grew on 3MI media as luxuriantly as control (without 3MI). Growth of R. palustris WKU-KDNS3 demonstrated a significant reduction in the level of 3MI (>48%) in 72 h. The level of 3MI dropped further by >93% of the total concentration present in the medium in 21 days. Skatole remediation potential of R. palustris WKU-KDNS3 can be judiciously utilized in various animal and industrial waste treatment systems.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Odour pollution is a serious environmental problem, particularly in the agriculture industry, and technologies based on chemical remediation are less effective and cost prohibitive. In this study, the newly isolated Rhodopseudomonas palustris strain WKU-KDNS3 causes biodegradation of 3-methylindole (skatole), which is one of the most offensive odorants present in wastewater lagoons. Aerobic degradation of this widely spread aromatic pollutant by Rhodopseudomonas strain is a significant finding that enhances the present understanding about metabolic versatility of purple photosynthetic nonsulphur bacteria. The remediation potential of R. palustris WKU-KDNS3 can also be gainfully utilized in various waste treatment facilities.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, KY, USA.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.forename: K C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Doerner
authors.forename: P C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Alok
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Choudhary
mesh_terms: D000383:Agriculture; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D007220:Industrial Waste; D009812:Odorants / Q000517:prevention & control*; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics; D012241:Rhodopseudomonas / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D012862:Skatole / Q000378:metabolism*; D013552:Swine; D053833:Wetlands
chemical_list: D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D007220:Industrial Waste; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; D012862:Skatole
keywords: Rhodopseudomonas; degradation; odour remediation; pure culture; skatole (3-methylindole: 3MI)