title: Novel tea polyphenol-modified calcium phosphate nanoparticle and its remineralization potential.
abstract: Tea polyphenols (TP) are not only potent antimicrobial and antioxidant agents but also effective modifiers in the formation of nanosized crystals. Since nano-hydroxyapatite (n-HA) is known to enhance remineralization of dental hard tissue, our aims were to synthesize nanosized calcium phosphate particles incorporating TP and to test their potential as caries preventive agent. An ammonia water diffusion method was used to synthesize nanosized calcium phosphate particles (TP-CaP) in the presence of various amounts of TP. The resultant products were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The remineralization potential of the nano TP-CaP was then investigated in a 12-day pH-cycling model. Nano TP-CaP slurries, at pH 7.0 and pH 5.5, were applied onto preformed enamel lesions 4 × 3 min per day. n-HA slurries at pH 7.0 and pH 5.5 were used as positive controls, and deionized water was served as a negative control. SEM showed nanosized particles were only formed at 27 mg/mL of TP. Further characterization of the nanosized particles revealed the components were amorphous calcium phosphate, HA, and TP. Both surface microhardness and transverse microradiography analyses showed that nano TP-CaP at pH 5.5, but not at pH 7.0, significantly enhanced remineralization, to the same extent as the n-HA controls. Furthermore, significantly higher amount of TP was found in the supernatant of TP-CaP at pH 5.5 than those at pH 7.0. Since TP can inhibit bacterial growth and enzyme activities, the novel nanosized TP-CaP particle, at low pH, is a potential dual-functional-remineralization and antibacteria-product.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.|Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Free University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Libang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Free University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Dongmei
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
authors.forename: Xuedong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Free University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Jacob M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: ten Cate
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
authors.forename: Jiyao
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
authors.forename: Xudong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Free University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Wim
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Crielaard
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002130:Calcium Phosphates / Q000737:chemistry*; D002417:Cattle; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008956:Models, Chemical; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D010316:Particle Size; D059808:Polyphenols / Q000737:chemistry*; D013662:Tea / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D002130:Calcium Phosphates; D059808:Polyphenols; D013662:Tea; C020243:calcium phosphate
keywords: calcium phosphate; caries; nanoparticle; remineralization; tea polyphenol