title: Toll-like receptor 4 Asp299Gly and Thr399Ile polymorphisms: New data and a meta-analysis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) involves interactions between the host genetic susceptibility, intestinal microflora and mucosal immune responses through the pattern recognition receptor. Polymorphisms in toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) induce an aberrant immune response to indigenous intestinal flora, which might favor IBD development. In this study, we aimed to determine whether TLR4 gene was associated with Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) among Moroccan patients, and evaluated its correlation with clinical manifestation of the disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study population comprised 117 patients with IBD and 112 healthy unrelated blood donors. TLR4 polymorphisms: Asp299Gly and Thr399Ile were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. PCR products were cleaved with Nco I for the Asp299Gly polymorphism and Hinf I for the Thr399Ile polymorphism. Meta-analysis was performed to test the association of 299Gly and 399Ileu carriage with CD, UC and the overall IBD risk.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Our study revealed that the frequency of Asp299Gly and Thr399Ile did not differ significantly between patients and controls in the Moroccan population. However, meta-analysis demonstrated significantly higher frequencies of both Asp299Gly and Thr399Ile SNPs in IBD and CD and for 399Ileu carriage in UC patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The meta-analysis provides evidence that TLR4 polymorphisms confer a significant increased risk for the overall IBD development.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Genetic and Molecular Pathology (LGPM), Medical School, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco. nezha.senhaji@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Nezha
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Senhaji
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Genetic and Molecular Pathology (LGPM), Medical School, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco. br.diakite@yahoo.fr.
authors.forename: Brehima
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Diakité
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Genetic and Molecular Pathology (LGPM), Medical School, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco. nadiaserbati@yahoo.fr.
authors.forename: Nadia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Serbati
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Thrombosis and Haemostasis Research Centre, Montreal Heart Institute, 5000 Belanger Street, Montreal, QC, H1T 1C8, Canada. younes_zaid@yahoo.ca.
authors.forename: Younes
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zaid
authors.affiliation: Gastroenterology Department, CHU Ibn Rochd, Casablanca, Morocco. wafaa6badre6dr@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Wafaa
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Badre
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Genetic and Molecular Pathology (LGPM), Medical School, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco. nadifisel@yahoo.fr.
authors.forename: Sellama
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nadifi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003093:Colitis, Ulcerative / Q000235:genetics*; D003424:Crohn Disease / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D015212:Inflammatory Bowel Diseases / Q000235:genetics; D009018:Morocco; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D012150:Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4 / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: C495345:TLR4 protein, human; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4