title: [Nutrition in critical illness].
abstract: Critically ill patients are often unable to eat by themselves over a long period of time, sometimes for weeks. In the acute phase, serious protein-energy malnutrition may develop with progressive muscle weakness, which may result in assisted respiration of longer duration as well as longer stay in intensive care unit and hospital. In view of the metabolic processes, energy and protein intake targets should be defined and the performance of metabolism should be monitored. Enteral nutrition is primarily recommended. However, parenteral supplementation is often necessary because of the disrupted tolerance levels of the gastrointestinal system. Apparently, an early parenteral supplementation started within a week would be of no benefit. Some experts believe that muscle loss can be reduced by increased target levels of protein. Further studies are needed on the effect of immune system feeding, fatty acids and micronutrients.
authors.affiliation: Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén Megyei Kórház és Egyetemi Oktató Kórház Központi Aneszteziológiai és Intenzív Terápiás Osztály Miskolc Szentpéteri kapu 72-76. 3532.
authors.forename: Ilona
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ökrös
mesh_terms: D000596:Amino Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage; D003422:Critical Care / Q000379:methods*; D016638:Critical Illness; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002149:Energy Intake; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D004750:Enteral Nutrition; D006801:Humans; D018908:Muscle Weakness / Q000150:complications* / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D009751:Nutritional Requirements; D009752:Nutritional Status; D010288:Parenteral Nutrition; D011502:Protein-Energy Malnutrition / Q000209:etiology*; D012131:Respiratory Insufficiency / Q000209:etiology; D014131:Trace Elements / Q000008:administration & dosage; D014815:Vitamins / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D004041:Dietary Fats; D004044:Dietary Proteins; D014131:Trace Elements; D014815:Vitamins
keywords: critical illness; enteral nutrition; enteralis táplálás; kritikus állapot; parenteral nutrition; parenteralis táplálás