title: Raw and thermally treated cement asbestos exerts different cytotoxicity effects on A549 cells in vitro.
abstract: Raw cement asbestos (RCA) undergoes a complete solid state transformation when heated at high temperatures. The secondary raw material produced, high temperatures-cement asbestos (HT-CA) is composed of newly-formed crystals in place of the asbestos fibers present in RCA. Our previous study showed that HT-CA exerts lower cytotoxic cell damage compared to RCA. Nevertheless further investigations are needed to deepen our understanding of pathogenic pathways involving oxidative and nitrative damage. Our aim is to deepen the understanding of the biological effects on A549 cells of these materials regarding DNA damage related proteins (p53, its isoform p73 and TRAIL) and nitric oxide (NO) production during inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)-mediated inflammation. Increments of p53/p73 expression, iNOS positive cells and NO concentrations were found with RCA, compared to HT-CA and controls mainly at 48 h. Interestingly, ferrous iron causing reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated DNA damage was found in RCA as a contaminant. HT-CA thermal treatment induces a global recrystallization with iron in a crystal form poorly released in media. HT-CA slightly interferes with genome expression and exerts lower inflammatory potential compared to RCA on biological systems. It could represent a safe approach for storing or recycling asbestos and an environmentally friendly alternative to asbestos waste.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Molecolari, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Torrette, 60020 Ancona, Italy. Electronic address: armanda.pugnaloni@univpm.it.
authors.forename: Armanda
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pugnaloni
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Molecolari, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Torrette, 60020 Ancona, Italy.
authors.forename: Guendalina
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lucarini
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Sanità Pubblica, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Torrette, 60020 Ancona, Italy.
authors.forename: Corrado
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rubini
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Torrette, 60020 Ancona, Italy.
authors.forename: Arianna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Smorlesi
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Molecolari, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Torrette, 60020 Ancona, Italy.
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tomasetti
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Molecolari, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Torrette, 60020 Ancona, Italy.
authors.forename: Elisabetta
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Strafella
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy.
authors.forename: Tatiana
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Armeni
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.
authors.forename: Alessandro F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Gualtieri
mesh_terms: D001194:Asbestos / Q000633:toxicity*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D003603:Cytotoxins / Q000633:toxicity*; D004249:DNA Damage; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000096:biosynthesis; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D053221:TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand / Q000096:biosynthesis; D000072160:Tumor Protein p73; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis
chemical_list: D003603:Cytotoxins; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D053221:TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand; C505653:TNFSF10 protein, human; C495901:TP53 protein, human; C000606460:TP73 protein, human; D000072160:Tumor Protein p73; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins; D001194:Asbestos; D009569:Nitric Oxide
keywords: Asbestos inertization; Electron microscopy; Immunohistochemistry; NO products; p53/p73/TRAIL/iNOS expression