title: Enhanced local bioavailability of single or compound drugs delivery to the inner ear through application of PLGA nanoparticles via round window administration.
abstract: In this paper, the potential of poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs) for carrying single or compound drugs traversing the round window membrane (RWM) was examined after the round window (RW) administration of different NPs to guinea pigs. First, coumarin-6 was incorporated into PLGA NPs as a fluorescent probe to investigate its ability to cross the RWM. Then, PLGA NPs with salvianolic acid B (Sal B), tanshinone IIA (TS IIA), and total panax notoginsenoside (PNS) including notoginsenoside R1 (R1), ginsenoside Rg1 (Rg1), and ginsenoside Rb1 (Rb1) were developed to evaluate whether NPs loaded with compound drugs would pass through the RWM and improve the local bioavailability of these agents. PLGA NPs loaded with single or compound drugs were prepared by the emulsification solvent evaporation method, and their particle size distribution, particle morphology, and encapsulation efficiency were characterized. In vitro release study showed sustained-release profiles of Sal B, TS IIA, and PNS from the NPs. The pharmacokinetic results showed that NPs applied to the RWM significantly improved drug distribution within the inner ear. The AUC0-t of coumarin-6 in the perilymph (PL) following RW administration of NPs was 4.7-fold higher than that of coumarin-6 solution, and the Cmax was 10.9-fold higher. Furthermore, the AUC(0-t) of R1, Rg1, and Rb1 were 4.0-, 3.1-, and 7.1-fold greater, respectively, after the application of NPs compared to the compound solution, and the Cmax were, respectively, 14.4-, 10.0-, and 16.7-fold higher. These findings suggest that PLGA NPs with unique properties at the nanoscale dimensions have a powerful ability to transport single or compound drugs into the PL through the RWM and remarkably enhance the local bioavailability of the encapsulated drugs in the inner ear. The use of PLGA NPs as nanoscale delivery vehicles to carry drugs across the RWM may be a promising strategy for the treatment of inner ear diseases.
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xingxing
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wen
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Lu
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wen
authors.affiliation: School of Materials, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom ; School of Biomedicine, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Nicola
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tirelli
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xiao
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yue
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Huanpeng
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Su
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Fan
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China ; Department of Clinical pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Gang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001682:Biological Availability; D003374:Coumarins / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000737:chemistry*; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D010498:Perilymph / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D011100:Polyglycolic Acid / Q000737:chemistry*; D000077182:Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer; D012405:Round Window, Ear / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D003374:Coumarins; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; D000077182:Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer; D011100:Polyglycolic Acid; D019344:Lactic Acid
keywords: inner ear administration; local bioavailability; nanoparticles; perilymph; poly(d,l-lactide-co-glycolide acid)