title: Risk of preeclampsia from exposure to particulate matter (PM₂.₅) speciation chemicals during pregnancy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether maternal exposure to particulate matter (PM₂.₅) speciation chemicals during pregnancy is associated with the risk of preeclampsia.
  
  
  METHODS
  We allocated average daily exposure values for 36 ambient particulate matter speciation chemicals to mothers during their first trimester and their entire pregnancy. The main outcome of interest was preeclampsia occurrence. Adjusted odd ratios and 95% confidence intervals were computed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The odds for preeclampsia were increased per interquartile range increase in pollutants for exposure to elemental carbon during the first trimester of pregnancy (odds ratio = 1.08; confidence interval = 1.01 to 1.16) and during the entire pregnancy period (odds ratio = 1.05; confidence interval = 1.01 to 1.11). The most substantial risk for preeclampsia was observed for PM2.5 aluminum exposure during the entire pregnancy, resulting in 10% increased risk (odds ratio = 1.10; confidence interval = 1.03 to 1.18) per interquartile range increase in aluminum.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Maternal exposure to PM2.5, aluminum, and elemental carbon during pregnancy increases the risk of preeclampsia.
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Biostatistics (Dr Ibrahimou), Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami; Department of Public Health (Ms Anozie), College of Health and Human Services, Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (Drs Ibrahimou and Salihu), College of Public Health; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (Dr Salihu), College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa; and Departments of Health Policy and Medicine (Dr Aliyu), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tenn.
authors.forename: Boubakari
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ibrahimou
authors.forename: Hamisu M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Salihu
authors.forename: Muktar H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Aliyu
authors.forename: Cynthia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Anozie
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000535:Aluminum / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis; D002244:Carbon / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D005431:Florida / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007501:Iron / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis; D008274:Magnesium / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis; D016017:Odds Ratio; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000737:chemistry*; D011188:Potassium / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis; D011225:Pre-Eclampsia / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011261:Pregnancy Trimester, First; D011264:Pregnancy Trimesters; D012307:Risk Factors; D012964:Sodium / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D052638:Particulate Matter; D002244:Carbon; D012964:Sodium; D000535:Aluminum; D007501:Iron; D008274:Magnesium; D011188:Potassium