title: Insufficient control of heart rate in stable coronary artery disease patients in Latvia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Heart rate (HR) ≥70 beats per minute (bpm) increases cardiovascular risk in coronary artery disease (CAD) patients. The objective of the analysis is to characterize HR as well as other clinical parameters in outpatients with stable CAD in Latvia.
  
  
  METHODS
  CLARIFY is an ongoing international registry of outpatients with established CAD. Latvian data regarding 120 patients enrolled in CLARIFY and collected at baseline visit during 2009-2010 were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean HR was 67.7±9.5 and 66.9±10.7bpm when measured by pulse palpation and electrocardiography, respectively. HR ≤60bpm and ≥70bpm was observed in 25% and 35.8% of patients, respectively. When analyzing patients with angina symptoms, 22.8% had HR ≤60bpm while HR ≥70bpm was observed in 33.3% of the cases. HR ≥70bpm was observed in 36.2% of patients with symptoms of chronic heart failure. Beta-blockers were used in 81.7% of the patients. Metoprolol (long acting succinate), bisoprolol, nebivolol and carvedilol in average daily doses 63.8, 5.3, 4.5, and 10.4mg/d were used in 47, 37, 11 and 3 cases, respectively. Among patients with HR ≥70bpm 79.1% were using beta-blockers. Medications did not differ significantly between the three groups according to HR level (≤60, 61-69 and ≥70bpm).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite the wide use of beta-blockers, HR is insufficiently controlled in the analyzed sample of stable CAD patients in Latvia. Target HR ≤60bpm is achieved only in 25% of the patients while more than one third have increased HR ≥70bpm.
authors.affiliation: Rīga Stradiņ University, Riga, Latvia.
authors.forename: Inga
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Balode
authors.affiliation: Latvian Centre of Cardiology, Pauls Stradiņ Clinical University Hospital, Riga, Latvia; Research Institute of Cardiology, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia. Electronic address: iveta.mintale@stradini.lv.
authors.forename: Iveta
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Mintāle
authors.affiliation: Latvian Centre of Cardiology, Pauls Stradiņ Clinical University Hospital, Riga, Latvia; Research Institute of Cardiology, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia; Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia.
authors.forename: Gustavs
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Latkovskis
authors.affiliation: Latvian Centre of Cardiology, Pauls Stradiņ Clinical University Hospital, Riga, Latvia; Research Institute of Cardiology, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia.
authors.forename: Sanda
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jēgere
authors.affiliation: Latvian Centre of Cardiology, Pauls Stradiņ Clinical University Hospital, Riga, Latvia; Research Institute of Cardiology, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia.
authors.forename: Inga
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Narbute
authors.affiliation: Research Institute of Cardiology, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia.
authors.forename: Iveta
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Bajāre
authors.affiliation: University of Glasgow Robertson Centre of Biostatistics, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Nicola
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Greenlaw
authors.affiliation: INSERM U-1148 and University Paris Diderot, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Philippe Gabriel
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Steg
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology and LTTA Centre, University Hospital of Ferrara and Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care & Research, E.S: Health Science Foundation, Cotignola, Italy.
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ferrari
authors.affiliation: Latvian Centre of Cardiology, Pauls Stradiņ Clinical University Hospital, Riga, Latvia; Research Institute of Cardiology, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia; Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia.
authors.forename: Andrejs
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ērglis
mesh_terms: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000368:Aged; D000787:Angina Pectoris / Q000503:physiopathology; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004562:Electrocardiography; D005260:Female; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000503:physiopathology; D006339:Heart Rate; D006801:Humans; D007844:Latvia; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012042:Registries; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists
keywords: Coronary artery disease; Heart rate; Outpatient