title: Relationship between ACTN3 R577X polymorphism and maximal power output in elite Polish athletes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The main purpose of this study was to examine the association between ACTN3 R577X polymorphism and the ability to produce peak power in young male athletes from various sports. Our hypothesis was that the ACTN3 R577X polymorphism is associated with jumping performance and athletes with RR genotype have better scores in tests than athletes with XX or RX genotype independently of the sport discipline.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two hundred young Polish male participants representing different disciplines were recruited for this study. Genotyping for ACTN3 gene was performed using polymerase chain reaction. The power output of lower extremities and the height of rise of the body mass center during vertical jumps were measured on a force plate.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The genotype distribution of the ACTN3 gene did not differ significantly between groups of athletes. The significant difference in height of counter-movement jump was found between athletes with RR and XX genotype (0.446±0.049m vs. 0.421±0.036m, respectively, P=0.026). The ACTN3 RR genotype was associated with greater muscle power and height of jump in young male athletes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that the ACTN3 gene may play a significant role in determining muscle phenotypes. However, this gene is only one of many factors which could contribute to athletes' performance and muscle phenotypes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition Physiology, Institute of Sport, Warsaw, Poland. Electronic address: joanna.orysiak@insp.waw.pl.
authors.forename: Joanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Orysiak
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomechanics, Institute of Sport, Warsaw, Poland; Institute of Physical Culture, Kazimierz Wielki University, Bydgoszcz, Poland.
authors.forename: Krzysztof
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Busko
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomechanics, Institute of Sport, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Radoslaw
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Michalski
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomechanics, Institute of Sport, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Joanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mazur-Różycka
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomechanics, Institute of Sport, Warsaw, Poland; Department of Statistics, Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gajewski
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition Physiology, Institute of Sport, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Jadwiga
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Malczewska-Lenczowska
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Institute of Sport, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Dariusz
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sitkowski
authors.affiliation: Department of Anti-Doping Research, Institute of Sport, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Andrzej
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pokrywka
mesh_terms: D000185:Actinin / Q000235:genetics*; D000293:Adolescent; D001120:Arginine / Q000235:genetics; D056352:Athletes; D054874:Athletic Performance; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009068:Movement; D053580:Muscle Strength / Q000235:genetics*; D011044:Poland; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: C118456:ACTN3 protein, human; D000185:Actinin; D001120:Arginine
keywords: ACTN3 gene; Athletes; Counter-movement jump