title: Development of predictive equations for total and segmental body fat in HIV-seropositive patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The central point of the HIV lipodystrophy syndrome is changes in body composition that mainly involve the loss of fat in the limbs and face (lipoatrophy) and/or fat gain in the abdominal region and back neck (lipohypertrophy). Currently, the determination of fat per body segment in this group can be obtained by imaging methods such as dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) but not by methods that would be more feasible in the practical clinics. The aim of this study was to develop equations to estimate total body fat and fat in each segment using anthropometric and bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) variables in HIV-seropositive patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  We measured circumferences (arm, waist, hip, thigh, calf), skinfolds (biceps, triceps, subscapular, suprailiac) and conducted examinations of BIA, segmental BIA, and DXA in 100 HIV-seropositive men on highly active antiretroviral therapy. Equations were developed by linear regression from these variables to estimate total and segmental fat (arm, leg, and trunk).
  
  
  RESULTS
  We developed a model for estimation of total body fat with BIA variables and a model based on anthropometric variables. To estimate segmental fat, we developed one model for each segment using anthropometric variables. The coefficients of determination for models of total fat-free mass (BIA and anthopometry), arm fat, trunk fat, and leg fat were 0.87, 0.84, 0.66, 0.76, and 0.5, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The equations proposed in this study allow the assessment of total body fat and fat per body segment with data obtained from accessible, accurate, and reliable methods used in clinical practice.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil. Electronic address: Rebecaberaldo@yahoo.com.br.
authors.forename: Rebeca Antunes
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Beraldo
authors.affiliation: Health Promotion Program, University of Franca, Franca, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Helena Siqueira
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Vassimon
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Anderson Marliere
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Navarro
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Maria Cristina
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Foss-Freitas
mesh_terms: D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon; D000273:Adipose Tissue; D050154:Adiposity; D000328:Adult; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; D001132:Arm / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D001823:Body Composition; D015992:Body Mass Index; D004338:Drug Combinations; D017097:Electric Impedance; D006679:HIV Seropositivity / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D007866:Leg / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011480:Protease Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D018894:Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D018119:Stavudine / Q000494:pharmacology; D019562:Viral Load; D055105:Waist Circumference
chemical_list: D004338:Drug Combinations; D011480:Protease Inhibitors; D018894:Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors; D018119:Stavudine
keywords: Anthropometry; Bioelectrical impedance analysis; Equations; HIV; Segmental fat