title: Influence of different types of carbon nanotubes on muscle cell response.
abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), before and after chemical surface functionalization on muscle cell response in vitro and in vivo conditions. Prior to biological tests the surface physicochemical properties of the carbon nanotubes (CNTs) deposited on a polymer membrane were investigated. To 'evaluate microstructure and structure of CNTs scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were used. During in vitro study CNTs deposited on polymer membrane were contacted directly with myoblast cells, and after 7 days of culture cytotoxicity of samples was analyzed. Moreover, cell morphology in contact with CNTs was observed using SEM and fluorescence microscopy. The cytotoxicity of CNTs modified in a different way was comparable and significantly lower in comparison with pure polymer membrane. Microscopy analysis of cultured myoblasts confirms intense cell proliferation of all investigated samples with CNTs while for two kinds of CNTs myoblasts' differentiation into myotubes was observed. Histochemical reactions for the activity of enzymes such as acid phosphatase, cytochrome C oxidase, and non-specific esterase allowed the analysis of the extent of inflammation, degree of regeneration process of the muscle fibers resulting from the presence of the satellite cells and the neuromuscular junction on muscle fibers in contact with CNTs after implantation of CNTs into gluteal muscle of rat.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomaterials, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH-University of Science and Technology, al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland. Electronic address: afraczek@agh.edu.pl.
authors.forename: Aneta
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fraczek-Szczypta
authors.affiliation: Department of Cytobiology, Collegium Medicum, Jagiellonian University, Medyczna 9, 30-068 Krakow, Poland.
authors.forename: Elzbieta
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Menaszek
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomaterials, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH-University of Science and Technology, al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland.
authors.forename: Stanislaw
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Blazewicz
authors.affiliation: Pharmidex Pharmaceutical Services, 72 New Bond Street, Mayfair London, W1S 1RR, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Jimi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Adu
authors.affiliation: Pharmidex Pharmaceutical Services, 72 New Bond Street, Mayfair London, W1S 1RR, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Ross
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Shevchenko
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy & Biomolecular Sciences, Huxley Building, University of Brighton, Brighton, BN2 4GJ, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Tahmina Bahar
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: Syeda
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy & Biomolecular Sciences, Huxley Building, University of Brighton, Brighton, BN2 4GJ, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Anil
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Misra
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy & Biomolecular Sciences, Huxley Building, University of Brighton, Brighton, BN2 4GJ, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Alavijeh
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D051379:Mice; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D009132:Muscles / Q000166:cytology*; D037742:Nanotubes, Carbon; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared
chemical_list: D037742:Nanotubes, Carbon
keywords: Carbon nanotubes; Histochemical reaction; In vitro study; Muscle cells and tissue