title: Cadmium increases the sensitivity of adolescent female mice to nicotine-related behavioral deficits.
abstract: This study investigates spatial and nonspatial working memory, anxiety related behavior, and motor activities in cadmium and/or nicotine exposed female adolescent mice. P28 female adolescent mice (albino strain) were divided into four groups of five (n = 5) mice each. A set of mice (Nic) received subcutaneous nicotine (2.0 mg/kg) while a separate set (Cd) was treated with 2.0 mg/kg cadmium (subcutaneous). For the combined treatments of cadmium and nicotine, we administered 2.0 mg/kg Nicotine and 2.0 mg/kg of Cd. Subsequently, a separate group of animals (n = 5; control) received normal saline. The total duration of treatment for all groups was 28 days (P28-P56). At P56, the treatment was discontinued, after which the animals were examined in behavioural tests. Nicotine and cadmium increased the metabolism and food intake in the female adolescent mice. This also corresponded to an increase in weight when compared with the control. However, a combined nicotine-cadmium treatment induced a decline in weight of the animals versus the control. Also, nicotine administration increased the motor function, while cadmium and nicotine-cadmium treatment caused a decline in motor activity. Both nicotine and cadmium induced a reduction in memory index; however, nicotine-cadmium treatment induced the most significant decrease in nonspatial working memory.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Neuroscience Unit, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, College Building II, Afe Babalola University, Room G14, KM 8.5 Afe Babalola Way, PMB 5454, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Philip Adeyemi
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Adeniyi
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, College of Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado Ekiti, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Babawale Peter
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Olatunji
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Azeez Olakunle
authors.initials: AO
authors.lastname: Ishola
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado Ekiti, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Duyilemi Chris
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Ajonijebu
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Neuroscience Unit, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, College Building II, Afe Babalola University, Room G14, KM 8.5 Afe Babalola Way, PMB 5454, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Olalekan Michael
authors.initials: OM
authors.lastname: Ogundele
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D002104:Cadmium / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004347:Drug Interactions; D004435:Eating / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D018782:Maze Learning / Q000187:drug effects; D008570:Memory, Short-Term / Q000187:drug effects*; D051379:Mice; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000187:drug effects*; D009538:Nicotine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018722:Nicotinic Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D045442:Rotarod Performance Test; D014029:Tobacco Use Disorder / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D018722:Nicotinic Agonists; D002104:Cadmium; D009538:Nicotine