title: Imaging mass spectrometry for assessing cutaneous wound healing: analysis of pressure ulcers.
abstract: Imaging mass spectrometry (IMS) was employed for the analysis of frozen skin biopsies to investigate the differences between stage IV pressure ulcers that remain stalled, stagnant, and unhealed versus those exhibiting clinical and histological signs of improvement. Our data reveal a rich diversity of proteins that are dynamically modulated, and we selectively highlight a family of calcium binding proteins (S-100 molecules) including calcyclin (S100-A6), calgranulins A (S100-A8) and B (S100-A9), and calgizzarin (S100-A11). IMS allowed us to target three discrete regions of interest: the wound bed, adjacent dermis, and hypertrophic epidermis. Plots derived using unsupervised principal component analysis of the global protein signatures within these three spatial niches indicate that these data from wound signatures have potential as a prognostic tool since they appear to delineate wounds that are favorably responding to therapeutic interventions versus those that remain stagnant or intractable in their healing status. Our discovery-based approach with IMS augments current knowledge of the molecular signatures within pressure ulcers while providing a rationale for a focused examination of the role of calcium modulators within the context of impaired wound healing.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università della Calabria , Via P. Bucci, cubo 12/D, Arcavacata di Rende, CS, 87036, Italy.
authors.forename: Domenico
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Taverna
authors.forename: Alonda C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Pollins
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sindona
authors.forename: Richard M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Caprioli
authors.forename: Lillian B
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Nanney
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D013058:Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*; D008875:Middle Aged; D057054:Molecular Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D003668:Pressure Ulcer / Q000378:metabolism*; D020543:Proteome / Q000032:analysis*; D040901:Proteomics / Q000379:methods; D009418:S100 Proteins; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D020543:Proteome; D009418:S100 Proteins
keywords: Pressure ulcers; S-100 proteins; calcyclin; calgizzarin; calgranulin A; calgranulin B; chronic wounds; human defensin 6; imaging mass spectrometry; proteomics