title: Derivation of predicted no effect concentration (PNEC) for HHCB to terrestrial species (plants and invertebrates).
abstract: The 1,3,4,6,7,8-hexahydro-4,6,6,7,8,8-hexamethylcyclopenta-(γ)-2-benzopyrane (HHCB) is a synthetic musk which is used as a fragrance in a variety of personal care products, and due to this it is widely spread in the environment. However, there is no paper dealing with the predicted no effect concentration (PNEC) for HHCB to terrestrial species using the species sensitivity distribution (SSD) method, mainly results from the shortage of species toxicity data of different taxonomic levels. In this study, toxicity data were obtained from 10 chronic toxicity tests using 10 terrestrial species (3 dicotyledonous plants, 5 monocotyledonous plants and 2 terrestrial invertebrates) from 3 Phyla and 9 Families. The PNEC of HHCB was derived using the SSD method. The result of present research showed that the dicotyledonous Solanum lycopersicum was the most sensitive plants to HHCB contamination. The PNEC ranged between 0.70 and 3.52 mg HHCB/kg when using the log-logistic SSD method. It is recommended to use toxicity data of different taxonomic levels for the development of PNEC values in terrestrial environment due to different species sensitivity.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Ecological Effect and Risk Assessment of Chemicals, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
authors.forename: Xiaonan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Ecological Effect and Risk Assessment of Chemicals, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China. Electronic address: liuzt@craes.org.cn.
authors.forename: Zhengtao
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Ecological Effect and Risk Assessment of Chemicals, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
authors.forename: Wanhua
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: China Offshore Environmental Services Co. Ltd., Tianjin 300452, China.
authors.forename: Cong
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Ecological Effect and Risk Assessment of Chemicals, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
authors.forename: Lihong
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001578:Benzopyrans / Q000032:analysis* / Q000633:toxicity; D005229:Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated; D007448:Invertebrates / Q000187:drug effects; D019055:No-Observed-Adverse-Effect Level; D010476:Perfume / Q000032:analysis* / Q000633:toxicity; D010944:Plants / Q000187:drug effects; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis* / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D001578:Benzopyrans; D005229:Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated; D010476:Perfume; D012989:Soil Pollutants; C008563:musk; C033119:galaxolide
keywords: Plant; Polycyclic musk; Predicted no effect concentration; Species sensitivity distribution; Terrestrial invertebrate