title: PACAP modulates the consolidation and extinction of the contextual fear conditioning through NMDA receptors.
abstract: Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) has a broad spectrum of biological functions including neurotransmitter, neurotrophic and neuroprotective. Moreover, it has been suggested that PACAP plays a role in the modulation of learning and memory as well as on the modulation of glutamate signaling. Thus, in the current study we investigated in the CA1 region of hippocampus and in the basolateral amygdala (BLA) the role of PACAP in the consolidation and extinction of contextual fear conditioning (CFC) and the interaction between PACAP and NMDA receptors. Male rats with cannulae implanted in the CA1 region of the hippocampus or in the BLA received immediately after the training or extinction training of the CFC infusions of the Vehicle, PACAP-38 (40 pg/side), PACAP 6-38 (40 pg/side) or PACAP 6-38 plus D-serine (50 μg/side). After 24h, the animals were subjected to a 3-min retention test. The results indicated that in the CA1 region of hippocampus, PACAP participates in the consolidation and extinction of the CFC, and in the BLA, PACAP participates only in the consolidation of the CFC. Additionally, the results suggest that the action of PACAP on the consolidation and extinction of the CFC is mediated by the glutamate NMDA receptors.
authors.affiliation: Memory Center, Brain Institute, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Av. Ipiranga, 6690, 2nd Floor, 90610-000 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: S D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Schmidt
authors.affiliation: Memory Center, Brain Institute, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Av. Ipiranga, 6690, 2nd Floor, 90610-000 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; National Institute of Translational Neuroscience (INNT), National Research Council of Brazil, Brazil.
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Myskiw
authors.affiliation: Memory Center, Brain Institute, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Av. Ipiranga, 6690, 2nd Floor, 90610-000 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; National Institute of Translational Neuroscience (INNT), National Research Council of Brazil, Brazil.
authors.forename: C R G
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Furini
authors.affiliation: Memory Center, Brain Institute, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Av. Ipiranga, 6690, 2nd Floor, 90610-000 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: B E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Schmidt
authors.affiliation: Memory Center, Brain Institute, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Av. Ipiranga, 6690, 2nd Floor, 90610-000 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: L E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Cavalcante
authors.affiliation: Memory Center, Brain Institute, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Av. Ipiranga, 6690, 2nd Floor, 90610-000 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; National Institute of Translational Neuroscience (INNT), National Research Council of Brazil, Brazil. Electronic address: izquier@terra.com.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Izquierdo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D066272:Basolateral Nuclear Complex / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D056547:CA1 Region, Hippocampal / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D003214:Conditioning, Classical / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D005108:Extinction, Psychological / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D005239:Fear / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000187:drug effects; D051219:Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000502:physiology*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D051219:Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate
keywords: Consolidation; Contextual fear conditioning; Extinction; NMDA receptors; PACAP