title: Anaerobic metabolism of the agro-pesticide nitroxinil by bovine ruminal fluid.
abstract: Metabolism of three different agro-pesticides widely used in Uruguay, the insecticides imidacloprid and thiamethoxam and the antiparasite nitroxinil, by bovine ruminal fluid, as supply of anaerobic microorganims, was studied. Complete ruminal fluid was incubated with each of the agrochemicals in different conditions, varying time, nutrients, and nitroethane supplementation as methanogenesis modificator. Only biotransformation was detected for nitroxinil in some of the studied variables. In the optimized condition only one product was generated and the chemical structure of this main metabolite was elucidated using combined spectroscopies evidencing a structural motive unrelated with the products of the corresponding mammal biotransformation results of reduction, and substitution processes. The ruminal generation of the metabolite was confirmed. In order to employ this anaerobic microbial system as potential bioremediator of agrochemical-contaminated soils, the toxicity, against mammal cells, and the mutagenicity, using Ames test, of the product of biotransformation were studied. The lack of toxic effects encouraged us to propose the ruminal system as a plausible system for agrochemicals bioremediation.
authors.forename: Ignacio
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Irazoqui
authors.forename: Alfonso
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rodriguez
authors.forename: Estefanía
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Birriel
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gabay
authors.forename: Maria Laura
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Lavaggi
authors.forename: Jose Luis
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Repetto
authors.forename: Cecilia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cajarville
authors.forename: Mercedes
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gonzalez
authors.affiliation: Grupo de Quimica Medicinal- Laboratorio de Quimica Organica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la Republica, Igua 4225, Montevideo, 11400, Uruguay. hcerecetto@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Hugo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Cerecetto
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D001826:Body Fluids / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology; D002417:Cattle; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D000073943:Neonicotinoids; D009574:Nitro Compounds / Q000378:metabolism*; D009611:Nitroxinil / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000633:toxicity; D010078:Oxazines / Q000378:metabolism*; D010575:Pesticides / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000633:toxicity; D012417:Rumen / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology; D000077922:Thiamethoxam; D013844:Thiazoles / Q000378:metabolism*; D013997:Time Factors; D014583:Uruguay
chemical_list: D007093:Imidazoles; D000073943:Neonicotinoids; D009574:Nitro Compounds; D010078:Oxazines; D010575:Pesticides; D013844:Thiazoles; C082359:imidacloprid; D000077922:Thiamethoxam; D009611:Nitroxinil