title: Development and validation of the ADHD Benefits of Coaching Scale (ABCS).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Develop and validate the ADHD Benefits of Coaching Scale (ABCS), a self-report instrument designed to measure benefits of ADHD coaching in college students.
  
  
  METHODS
  Concepts were elicited from interviews with ADHD coaches and college students receiving ADHD coaching. Draft items were tested in cognitive interviews among ADHD students. Item and scale reliability and validity of ABCS were evaluated using web-survey data from students reporting ADHD. Mean ABCS scores for coached and noncoached groups were compared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Five coaches and 14 students participated in concept elicitation interviews; 10 students participated in the cognitive interviews; 209 students completed the web-survey. The 10-item ABCS showed satisfactory internal consistency reliability and validity and differentiated between coached (n = 17) and noncoached groups (n = 192; p < .01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  To assess benefits of ADHD coaching in college students, the ABCS was developed and psychometrically validated in accordance with Food and Drug Administration's (FDA) patient-reported outcome guidance.
authors.affiliation: Shire Pharmaceuticals, Wayne, PA, USA ldeal@shire.com.
authors.forename: Linda S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Deal
authors.affiliation: JST Coaching, Alexandria, VA, USA.
authors.forename: Jodi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sleeper-Triplett
authors.affiliation: RTI Health Solutions, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
authors.forename: Dana B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: DiBenedetti
authors.affiliation: RTI Health Solutions, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
authors.forename: Lauren
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Nelson
authors.affiliation: RTI Health Solutions, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
authors.forename: Lori
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: McLeod
authors.affiliation: RTI Health Solutions, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
authors.forename: Emily E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Haydysch
authors.affiliation: RTI Health Solutions, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
authors.forename: T Michelle
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Brown
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy; D001521:Behavior Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009042:Motivation; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D057566:Self Report; D013334:Students / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014481:United States; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: ADHD; coaching; college students