title: Environmental carbon monoxide level is associated with the level of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein in peritoneal dialysis patients.
abstract: Inflammation is highly prevalent among peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) is the most widely used inflammatory marker in clinical medicine and is correlated with mortality in PD patients. Air pollution is associated with systemic inflammation. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to assess the role of air pollutants and other clinical variables on hs-CRP values in PD patients.We recruited a total of 175 patients who had been undergoing continuous ambulatory PD or automated PD for at least 4 months and regularly followed up. Air pollution levels were recorded by a network of 27 monitoring stations near or in the patients' living areas throughout Taiwan. The 12-month average concentrations of particulate matter (PM) with an aerodynamic diameter of <10 and <2.5 μm (PM10 and PM2.5), sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), carbon monoxide (CO), and ozone (O3) were included.In stepwise linear regression, after adjustment for related factors, white blood cell count (β: 0.27, 95% confidence interval [CI] [0.71, 2.11]) and CO level (β: 0.17, 95% CI [2.5, 21.32]) were positively associated with hs-CRP and serum albumin levels (β: -0.25, 95% CI [-13.69, -3.96]) and normalized protein nitrogen appearance (β: -0.18, 95% CI [-17.7, -2.51]) was negatively associated with hs-CRP. However, serum indoxyl sulfate and p-cresyl sulfate levels were not significantly associated with hs-CRP (P > 0.05).In PD patients, the environmental CO level was positively correlated with hs-CRP level.
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Nephrology and Division of Clinical Toxicology (W-HH, T-HY); Department of Internal Medicine (M-JC, Y-JS), Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou; and Chang Gung University College of Medicine (W-HH, T-HY), Taoyuan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Wen-Hung
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Tzung-Hai
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Yen
authors.forename: Ming-Jen
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: Yi-Jiun
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Su
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D000397:Air Pollution; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism*; D002248:Carbon Monoxide / Q000032:analysis*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000097:blood* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010530:Peritoneal Dialysis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013624:Taiwan
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D015415:Biomarkers; D002248:Carbon Monoxide; D002097:C-Reactive Protein