title: The balance between cytoplasmic and nuclear CaM kinase-1 signaling controls the operating range of noxious heat avoidance.
abstract: Through encounters with predators, competitors, and noxious stimuli, animals have evolved defensive responses that minimize injury and are essential for survival. Physiological adaptation modulates the stimulus intensities that trigger such nocifensive behaviors, but the molecular networks that define their operating range are largely unknown. Here, we identify a gain-of-function allele of the cmk-1 CaMKI gene in C. elegans and show that loss of the regulatory domain of the CaMKI enzyme produces thermal analgesia and shifts the operating range for nocifensive heat avoidance to higher temperatures. Such analgesia depends on nuclear CMK-1 signaling, while cytoplasmic CMK-1 signaling lowers the threshold for thermal avoidance. CMK-1 acts downstream of heat detection in thermal receptor neurons and controls neuropeptide release. Our results establish CaMKI as a key regulator of the operating range for nocifensive behaviors and suggest strategies for producing thermal analgesia through the regulation of CaMKI-dependent signaling.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Lisa C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Schild
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Laurie
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zbinden
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology and National Center for Behavioral Genomics, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02454, USA.
authors.forename: Harold W
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Bell
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology and National Center for Behavioral Genomics, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02454, USA.
authors.forename: Yanxun V
authors.initials: YV
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology and National Center for Behavioral Genomics, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02454, USA.
authors.forename: Piali
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sengupta
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. Electronic address: mbgoodman@stanford.edu.
authors.forename: Miriam B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Goodman
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland. Electronic address: dominique.glauser@unifr.ch.
authors.forename: Dominique A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Glauser
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological; D000818:Animals; D030801:Animals, Genetically Modified; D001362:Avoidance Learning / Q000502:physiology; D017173:Caenorhabditis elegans; D029742:Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D054729:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Type 1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D002466:Cell Nucleolus / Q000378:metabolism; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000378:metabolism; D004924:Escape Reaction / Q000502:physiology*; D006358:Hot Temperature / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016296:Mutagenesis; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics; D009474:Neurons / Q000166:cytology*; D009479:Neuropeptides / Q000378:metabolism; D059225:Nociception / Q000502:physiology*; D011984:Sensory Receptor Cells; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D029742:Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins; D009479:Neuropeptides; D054729:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Type 1