title: Flightless-1, a novel transcriptional modulator of PPARγ through competing with RXRα.
abstract: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) is a member of the nuclear receptor family and plays key roles in glucose and lipid metabolism. Its transcriptional control of target genes is mediated by ligand-dependent recruitment of coactivators. In this study, we demonstrate that a novel transcriptional modulator of PPARγ, Flightless-I (FLII) binds directly to and suppresses the transcriptional activity of PPARγ. The LXXLL motif within the leucine-rich repeat (LRR) domain of FLII interacts directly with the DNA-binding domain of PPARγ. Interestingly, in the presence of PPARγ ligands, such as rosiglitazone and SR1664, this interaction was abolished in vitro. When FLII was overexpressed, both the transcriptional activity of PPARγ and adipogenesis were suppressed significantly, whereas specific knockdown of FLII reversed these effects. Furthermore, DNA occupancy of PPARγ on its target gene promoters was enhanced by FLII knockdown, and the interaction between PPARγ and retinoid X receptor α (RXRα) was blocked by FLII. Together, these findings strongly suggest that FLII functions in PPARγ activation as a molecular switch to repress transcriptional activity by interrupting formation of the PPARγ/RXRα complex, and FLII may serve as a novel therapeutic target in the treatment of adiposity-related metabolic syndromes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 689-798, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jin Sil
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 689-798, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Sun-Sil
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 689-798, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Eun Sun
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 689-798, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Young-Kyo
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Seo
authors.affiliation: UNIST Central Research Facilities, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 689-798, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jeong Kon
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Seo
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 689-798, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Eung-Kyun
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 689-798, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Pann-Ghill
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Suh
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 689-798, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: janghchoi@unist.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Jang Hyun
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Choi
mesh_terms: D041721:3T3-L1 Cells; D050156:Adipogenesis / Q000187:drug effects; D020816:Amino Acid Motifs; D000818:Animals; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D019281:Dimerization; D057809:HEK293 Cells; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D008840:Microfilament Proteins; D047495:PPAR gamma / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D011485:Protein Binding; D034622:RNA Interference; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000378:metabolism; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D047490:Retinoid X Receptor alpha / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D000077154:Rosiglitazone; D045162:Thiazolidinediones / Q000494:pharmacology; D015534:Trans-Activators; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D002352:Carrier Proteins; D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins; C000609263:FlII protein, mouse; D008840:Microfilament Proteins; D047495:PPAR gamma; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D047490:Retinoid X Receptor alpha; D045162:Thiazolidinediones; D015534:Trans-Activators; D000077154:Rosiglitazone
keywords: Adipogenesis; Coregulators; Flightless-I (FLII); Interaction; PPARγ; RXRα