title: The effect of consumption of low-glycemic-index and low-glycemic-load desserts on anthropometric parameters and inflammatory markers in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of consumption of desserts with low glycemic index (GI) and low glycemic load (GL), as part of a balanced hypo-caloric diet, on anthropometric and biochemical parameters in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 61 subjects with T2DM were randomly assigned to the intervention (n = 30) or to the control group (n = 31). Both groups followed the same hypo-caloric (-500 kcal) diet for 12 weeks. Consumption of four portions of low-GI/low-GL desserts/week was included in the diet in the intervention group while one portion of a favorite usual sweet/week was allowed to be consumed in the control group.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty subjects in the control and 28 subjects in the intervention group completed the trial. Body weight, body mass index, and waist circumference were reduced significantly in both groups. Arterial blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, insulin, and γ-GT were reduced significantly only in the intervention group; however, there were no significant differences between the two groups at endpoint. C-reactive protein was reduced in the intervention, and HDL cholesterol was also reduced in the control group; the reductions were significantly different at the end of the trial. No significant changes were observed in the other plasma lipids, uric acid, leptin, adiponectin, and interleukin-6 in either study group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Consumption of desserts with low GI/GL in a balanced hypo-caloric diet has a positive impact on anthropometric and metabolic parameters of patients with T2DM.
authors.affiliation: First Department of Propaedeutic and Internal Medicine, Laiko General Hospital, Athens University Medical School, 17 Agiou Thoma St., 11527, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Vasiliki
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Argiana
authors.affiliation: Department of Dietetics and Nutritional Science, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, 70 El. Venizelou Ave., 17671, Athens, Greece. pkanell@hua.gr.
authors.forename: Panagiotis Τ
authors.initials: PΤ
authors.lastname: Kanellos
authors.affiliation: First Department of Propaedeutic and Internal Medicine, Laiko General Hospital, Athens University Medical School, 17 Agiou Thoma St., 11527, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Konstantinos
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Makrilakis
authors.affiliation: First Department of Propaedeutic and Internal Medicine, Laiko General Hospital, Athens University Medical School, 17 Agiou Thoma St., 11527, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Ioanna
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Eleftheriadou
authors.affiliation: First Department of Propaedeutic and Internal Medicine, Laiko General Hospital, Athens University Medical School, 17 Agiou Thoma St., 11527, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Georgios
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tsitsinakis
authors.affiliation: First Department of Propaedeutic and Internal Medicine, Laiko General Hospital, Athens University Medical School, 17 Agiou Thoma St., 11527, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kokkinos
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research "N.S. Christeas", Athens University Medical School, 15B Agiou Thoma St., 11527, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Despina
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Perrea
authors.affiliation: First Department of Propaedeutic and Internal Medicine, Laiko General Hospital, Athens University Medical School, 17 Agiou Thoma St., 11527, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Nikolaos
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tentolouris
mesh_terms: D052242:Adiponectin / Q000097:blood; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood*; D002149:Energy Intake; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D038321:Glycemic Index; D000067940:Glycemic Load; D006801:Humans; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D020738:Leptin / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D055105:Waist Circumference
chemical_list: D052242:Adiponectin; D015415:Biomarkers; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D015850:Interleukin-6; D020738:Leptin; D014280:Triglycerides
keywords: Glycemic index; Glycemic load; Lipids; Low-grade inflammation; Type 2 diabetes mellitus