title: National analysis of differences among substance abuse treatment outcomes: college student and nonstudent emerging adults.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To discover differences between student and nonstudent substance abuse treatment demographics, treatment characteristics, and outcomes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Conducted February 2014, clients without prior treatment admissions, aged 18-24, not in methadone maintenance therapy, and in nonintensive and ambulatory intensive outpatient treatment settings (N=467,233).
  
  
  METHODS
  Chi-square was used to analyze differences. Multivariate logistic regression including covariates and the student status predicted successful completion with risk differences (RD).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Students were more likely to successfully complete treatment than nonstudents (56.15% vs 41.96%; χ2=1355.04, df=1, p<.0001, RD=14.19, 95% confidence interval [CI] [13.43, 14.95]), and students were 6.92 (95% CI [6.26, 7.58]) percentage points less likely than nonstudents to remain in treatment for longer than 4 months (χ2=367.24, df=1, p<.0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Treatment providers seem to have greater results retaining students in shorter periods. Suggestions for higher education treatment engagement are discussed.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Psychological and Quantitative Foundations, University of Iowa , Iowa City , Iowa.
authors.forename: Ethan
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sahker
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Acion
authors.forename: Stephan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Arndt
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D013334:Students / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014495:Universities; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: college student; substance abuse; treatment outcomes