title: Glycoprofiling as a novel tool in serological assays of systemic sclerosis: a comparative study with three bioanalytical methods.
abstract: Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is an autoimmune disease seriously affecting patient's quality of life. The heterogeneity of the disease also means that identification and subsequent validation of biomarkers of the disease is quite challenging. A fully validated single biomarker for diagnosis, prognosis, disease activity and assessment of response to therapy is not yet available. The main aim of this study was to apply an alternative assay protocol to the immunoassay-based analysis of this disease by employment of sialic acid recognizing lectin Sambucus nigra agglutinin (SNA) to glycoprofile serum samples. To our best knowledge this is the first study describing direct lectin-based glycoprofiling of serum SSc samples. Three different analytical methods for glycoprofiling of serum samples relying on application of lectins are compared here from a bioanalytical point of view including traditional ELISA-like lectin-based method (ELLA), novel fluorescent lectin microarrays and ultrasensitive impedimetric lectin biosensors. Results obtained by all three bioanalytical methods consistently showed differences in the level of sialic acid present on glycoproteins, when serum from healthy people was compared to the one from patients having SSc. Thus, analysis of sialic acid content in human serum could be of a diagnostic value for future detection of SSc, but further work is needed to enhance selectivity of assays for example by glycoprofiling of a fraction of human serum enriched in antibodies for individual diagnostics.
authors.affiliation: Department of Glycobiotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, Bratislava 845 38, Slovakia.
authors.forename: Ludmila
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Klukova
authors.affiliation: Department of Glycobiotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, Bratislava 845 38, Slovakia.
authors.forename: Tomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bertok
authors.affiliation: Department of Glycobiotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, Bratislava 845 38, Slovakia.
authors.forename: Miroslava
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Petrikova
authors.affiliation: Department of Glycobiotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, Bratislava 845 38, Slovakia.
authors.forename: Alena
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sediva
authors.affiliation: Department of Glycobiotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, Bratislava 845 38, Slovakia.
authors.forename: Danica
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mislovicova
authors.affiliation: Department of Glycobiotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, Bratislava 845 38, Slovakia.
authors.forename: Jaroslav
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Katrlik
authors.affiliation: Department of Glycobiotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, Bratislava 845 38, Slovakia.
authors.forename: Alica
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vikartovska
authors.affiliation: Department of Glycobiotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, Bratislava 845 38, Slovakia.
authors.forename: Jaroslav
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Filip
authors.affiliation: Center for Advanced Materials, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar; Department for Biomaterial Research, Polymer Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, Bratislava 845 41, Slovakia.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kasak
authors.affiliation: Department of Synthesis and Characterization of Polymers, Polymer Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, Bratislava 845 41, Slovakia.
authors.forename: Anita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Andicsová-Eckstein
authors.affiliation: Department of Synthesis and Characterization of Polymers, Polymer Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, Bratislava 845 41, Slovakia.
authors.forename: Jaroslav
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mosnáček
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Rheumatic Diseases, Nábr. I. Krasku 4, Piešt'any 921 12, Slovakia.
authors.forename: Jozef
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lukáč
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Rheumatic Diseases, Nábr. I. Krasku 4, Piešt'any 921 12, Slovakia.
authors.forename: Jozef
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rovenský
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Human Endocrinology, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Vlárska 3, Bratislava 833 06, Slovakia.
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Imrich
authors.affiliation: Department of Glycobiotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, Bratislava 845 38, Slovakia. Electronic address: Jan.Tkac@savba.sk.
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tkac
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015374:Biosensing Techniques; D058266:Dielectric Spectroscopy; D004566:Electrodes; D004800:Enzymes, Immobilized / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D007118:Immunoassay; D008875:Middle Aged; D019158:N-Acetylneuraminic Acid / Q000032:analysis; D037121:Plant Lectins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D040081:Protein Array Analysis; D011485:Protein Binding; D054788:Ribosome Inactivating Proteins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D027924:Sambucus nigra / Q000378:metabolism; D012595:Scleroderma, Systemic / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D004800:Enzymes, Immobilized; D006023:Glycoproteins; D037121:Plant Lectins; C050600:Sambucus nigra lectins; D054788:Ribosome Inactivating Proteins; D019158:N-Acetylneuraminic Acid
keywords: Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy; Enzyme-linked lectin assay; Lectin; Lectin microarray; Sialic acid; Systemic sclerosis