title: Effects of laser-assisted cosmetic smile lift gingivectomy on postoperative bleeding and pain in fixed orthodontic patients: a controlled clinical trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Diode lasers are becoming popular in gingival treatment following orthodontic treatments. Despite their merit and clinical implications, postoperative pain and bleeding after surgery with diode lasers are not assessed except in few controversial studies.
  
  
  METHODS
  This controlled clinical trial was conducted on 30 healthy orthodontic patients aged 17-29 years, needing esthetic-only gingivectomy in the anterior maxilla. The patients were randomly divided into two groups of 15 each: experimental (laser-assisted surgery) and control (traditional surgery using scalpels). The bleeding rate following the surgery was assessed using the bleeding criteria established by the World Health Organization. The postsurgical pain level was recorded using visual analog scales immediately after the surgery and in patients who consumed analgesics, also 2 h after the analgesic consumption. The data were analyzed using the independent-samples t, Mann-Whitney U, and chi-square tests (α=0.05).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The average bleeding rates were 1.15 and 0.36 in the conventional and laser groups, respectively (Mann-Whitney U P<0.05). Experimental patients had no postsurgical pain (VAS1 and VAS2=0). In the control group, the average VAS1 pain was 5.2 out of 10. The difference between VAS1 values in the control/experimental groups was significant (Mann-Whitney U P<0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  940-nm diode laser seems promising in reducing postoperative bleeding and pain of patients needing cosmetic smile lift surgeries.
authors.forename: Farhad
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sobouti
authors.forename: Vahid
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Rakhshan
authors.forename: Nasim
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Chiniforush
authors.affiliation: Department Of Periodontics, Dental Faculty, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran. mzkhatami@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Maziar
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Khatami
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000700:Analgesics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019162:Anesthetics, Combined / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002355:Carticaine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D003481:Cuspid / Q000473:pathology; D004955:Esthetics, Dental; D005890:Gingivectomy / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007180:Incisor / Q000473:pathology; D053685:Laser Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D054023:Lasers, Semiconductor / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D009971:Orthodontics, Corrective; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000379:methods; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000517:prevention & control*; D019106:Postoperative Hemorrhage / Q000517:prevention & control*; D012904:Smiling; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics; D019162:Anesthetics, Combined; D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D008012:Lidocaine; D002355:Carticaine