title: Effect of Otostegia persica extraction on renal injury induced by hindlimb ischemia-reperfusion: a rat model.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  It is known that ischemia-reperfusion causes remote organ injury as well as local injury. In traditional systems of medicine, many plants have been documented to be useful for the treatment of various disorders including oxidative esters. This study was designed to investigate whether Otostegia persica extraction pretreatment has a protective effect against renal injury induced by hindlimb ischemia-reperfusion.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty male Wistar rats were allocated into five groups as follows: Control, Sham, Otostegia persica, ischemia-reperfusion and ischemia-reperfusion+Otostegia persica groups. Rats in Otostegia persica and ischemia-reperfusion+Otostegia persica groups received Otostegia persica extraction (300 mg/kg) orally 2 days prior to operation. Hindlimb ischemia was induced by clamping the femoral artery for 2 h. After 24 h of reperfusion, blood and urine samples were obtained for kidney function tests and the kidneys were removed for histological analysis and oxidative stress measurement.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The decrease in glomerular filtration rate induced by reperfusion was significantly improved by Otostegia persica extraction administration (P<0.05), which resulted in the decrease in serum urea and creatinine concentrations. Urinary creatinine significantly decreased in ischemia-reperfusion group compared to the other groups (P<0.05). Urinary excretion rate, water intake and the ratio of kidney/body weight significantly increased in animals with reperfusion injury as compared with other groups (P<0.05). On histological examination, rats pretreated with Otostegia persica extraction had nearly normal morphology. Skeletal muscle ischemia-reperfusion produced a significant increase in renal tissue malondialdehyde level, while pretreatment with Otostegia persica extraction was associated with a significantly lower malondialdehyde level (P<0.05). Renal tissue catalase and superoxide dismutase activity and glutathione level were significantly (P < 0.05) decreased by hindlimb ischemia-reperfusion. The increases in these parameters were decreased by pretreatment with Otostegia persica extraction.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this study showed that Otostegia persica extraction pretreatment significantly protected the renal injury from skeletal muscle ischemia-reperfusion.
authors.affiliation: Young Researchers and Elites Club, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. Electronic address: dr_ashrafzadeh@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Mohammad Ashrafzadeh
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Takhtfooladi
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathobiology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Hamed Ashrafzadeh
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Takhtfooladi
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Alborz, Iran.
authors.forename: Fariborz
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Moayer
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Alborz, Iran.
authors.forename: Poorya
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Karimi
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Alborz, Iran.
authors.forename: Hesam Abbasian
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Asl
mesh_terms: D058186:Acute Kidney Injury / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D000818:Animals; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006614:Hindlimb / Q000098:blood supply*; D007677:Kidney Function Tests; D019686:Lamiaceae; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000150:complications* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D010936:Plant Extracts; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D002374:Catalase
keywords: Ischemia-reperfusion; Kidney injury; Otostegia persica; Remote organ damage; Skeletal muscle