title: Low rates of antimicrobial-resistant Enterobacteriaceae in wildlife in Taï National Park, Côte d'Ivoire, surrounded by villages with high prevalence of multiresistant ESBL-producing Escherichia coli in people and domestic animals.
abstract: Antimicrobial resistance genes can be found in all ecosystems, including those where antibiotic selective pressure has never been exerted. We investigated resistance genes in a collection of faecal samples of wildlife (non-human primates, mice), people and domestic animals (dogs, cats) in Côte d'Ivoire; in the chimpanzee research area of Taï National Park (TNP) and adjacent villages. Single bacteria isolates were collected from antibiotic-containing agar plates and subjected to molecular analysis to detect Enterobacteriaceae isolates with plasmid-mediated genes of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) and plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR). While the prevalence of ESBL-producing E. coli in the villages was 27% in people (n = 77) and 32% in dogs (n = 38), no ESBL-producer was found in wildlife of TNP (n = 75). PMQR genes, mainly represented by qnrS1, were also present in human- and dog-originating isolates from the villages (36% and 42% in people and dogs, respectively), but no qnrS has been found in the park. In TNP, different variants of qnrB were detected in Citrobacter freundii isolates originating non-human primates and mice. In conclusion, ESBL and PMQR genes frequently found in humans and domestic animals in the villages were rather exceptional in wildlife living in the protected area. Although people enter the park, the strict biosecurity levels they are obliged to follow probably impede transmission of bacteria between them and wildlife.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology and Wildlife Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Katerina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Albrechtova
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology and Wildlife Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Ivo
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Papousek
authors.affiliation: Project Group "Epidemiology of Highly Pathogenic Microorganisms", Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany; Department of Primatology, Max-Planck-Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany.
authors.forename: Helene
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: De Nys
authors.affiliation: Department of Primatology, Max-Planck-Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany.
authors.forename: Maude
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pauly
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Development -Alassane Ouattara University, University Teaching Hospital Bouaké, Bouaké, Côte d'Ivoire.
authors.forename: Etile
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Anoh
authors.affiliation: LANADA, Laboratoire Nationale de la Pathologie Animale, Bingerville, Côte d'Ivoire.
authors.forename: Arsene
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mossoun
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology and Wildlife Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic; CEITEC VFU, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Monika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dolejska
authors.affiliation: CEITEC VFU, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic; Institute of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Martina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Masarikova
authors.affiliation: Project Group "Epidemiology of Highly Pathogenic Microorganisms", Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany; Department of Primatology, Max-Planck-Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany.
authors.forename: Sonya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Metzger
authors.affiliation: LANADA, Laboratoire Nationale de la Pathologie Animale, Bingerville, Côte d'Ivoire.
authors.forename: Emmanuel
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Couacy-Hymann
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Development -Alassane Ouattara University, University Teaching Hospital Bouaké, Bouaké, Côte d'Ivoire.
authors.forename: Chantal
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Akoua-Koffi
authors.affiliation: Department of Primatology, Max-Planck-Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany; Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire.
authors.forename: Roman M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Wittig
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology and Wildlife Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Jiri
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Klimes
authors.affiliation: CEITEC VFU, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic; Institute of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Alois
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cizek
authors.affiliation: Project Group "Epidemiology of Highly Pathogenic Microorganisms", Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Fabian H
authors.initials: FH
authors.lastname: Leendertz
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology and Wildlife Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic; CEITEC VFU, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Ivan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Literak
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000829:Animals, Domestic; D000835:Animals, Wild / Q000382:microbiology; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D002415:Cats; D016971:Citrobacter freundii / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D007560:Cote d'Ivoire; D004285:Dogs; D024901:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; D004755:Enterobacteriaceae / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D004756:Enterobacteriaceae Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology*; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics*; D004927:Escherichia coli Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology*; D006801:Humans; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D010957:Plasmids / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015995:Prevalence; D015363:Quinolones / Q000494:pharmacology; D001618:beta-Lactamases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D015363:Quinolones; D001618:beta-Lactamases