title: Antibacterial activity of carob (Ceratonia siliqua L.) extracts against phytopathogenic bacteria Pectobacterium atrosepticum.
abstract: Acetone and ethanol extracts of carob (Ceratonia siliqua L.) leaf and pods were evaluated for their in vitro inhibitory ability against the pectinolytic Gram negative Pectobacterium atrosepticum (Pca, CFBP-5384) bacteria, the causal agent of potato soft rot. Potato (Solanum tuberosum, var nicola) tuber rot tissues obtained after 5 day bacterial inoculation was analyzed by LC-MS and GC-MS to study Pca pathogenicity. Trans/cis N-feruloylputrescine was identified in potato tuber after 5-day inoculation with Pca in a dark moist chamber. Although glycoalkoloid (α-chaconine and α-solanine) production increased due to Pca soft rot infection, it was not a resistance-determining factor. Many secondary metabolites were identified including the phytoalexins solavetivone and fatty acids responsible for plant defence responses. Acetone extract of carob leaf (FCA) exhibited the strongest inhibitory effect (IC50 = 1.5 mg/ml) and displayed synergistic antimicrobial effect in the presence of infected potato tuber extract (Pdt-Pca extract) against Pca. This synergy could be used in an integrated control program against potato soft rot pathogens, thereby reducing chemical treatments.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, A. Mira University, Bejaia 06000, Algeria; Laboratory of Chemistry of Biomolecules and Environment (LCBE), University of Perpignan Via Domitia, Perpignan, France.
authors.forename: Saïda
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Meziani
authors.affiliation: Formerly with the National Bioproducts and Bioprocesses Program, Pacific Agri-Food Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Summerland, BC V0H 1Z0, Canada.
authors.forename: B Dave
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Oomah
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, A. Mira University, Bejaia 06000, Algeria.
authors.forename: Farid
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zaidi
authors.affiliation: AkiNaO SAS, Perpignan, France.
authors.forename: Annabel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Simon-Levert
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Chemistry of Biomolecules and Environment (LCBE), University of Perpignan Via Domitia, Perpignan, France.
authors.forename: Cédric
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bertrand
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, A. Mira University, Bejaia 06000, Algeria. Electronic address: rachida_zaidi@yahoo.fr.
authors.forename: Rachida
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zaidi-Yahiaoui
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007887:Fabaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D044043:Pectobacterium / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000382:microbiology*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry; D035281:Plant Tubers / Q000382:microbiology; D011198:Solanum tuberosum / Q000382:microbiology*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D010936:Plant Extracts
keywords: Antimicrobial activity; Carob; Leaf extract; Pectobacterium atrosepticum; Phytoalexins; Soft rot