title: Adding fuel to the fire: immunogenic intensification.
abstract: The durable long term clinical benefits seen for certain patients treated with immunotherapy agents has suggested there is significant therapeutic potential to be derived from these agents, as shown by the increasing prominence of this treatment strategy in upcoming clinical trials. There has been a renewed interest and focus on the drivers of tumoral antigen recognition, and the pathways by which various cells of the immune system can stimulate, propagate and execute an effective anti-tumor response. Various challenges lie ahead in the further development of these treatments, including induction of an endogenous anti-tumor response, tumor microenvironment modulation, and T-cell response amplification. Novel treatment combinations may prove of significant added benefit by immunogenic intensification.
authors.affiliation: a Genitourinary Malignancies Branch; Medical Oncology Service; National Cancer Institute; National Institutes of Health ; Bethesda , MD USA.
authors.forename: Geraldine
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: O'Sullivan Coyne
authors.forename: James L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Gulley
mesh_terms: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000276:immunology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm / Q000276:immunology*; D019496:Cancer Vaccines / Q000276:immunology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D007167:Immunotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology* / Q000628:therapy; D013602:T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic / Q000276:immunology; D059016:Tumor Microenvironment / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm; D019496:Cancer Vaccines
keywords: APC, antigen-presenting cells; CARs, chimeric antigen receptors; HER2, epidermal growth factor receptor 2; MDSCs, myeloid-derived suppressor cells; MHC I, major histocompatibility class I molecules; PD-1, programmed death-1; PD-L1; PD-L1, programmed death-ligand-1; TAA, tumor-associated antigen; TAP, transporter of antigen processing; TILs, tumor infiltrating lymphocytes; Tregs, regulatory T cells; activated T cell; cancer; checkpoint inhibitor; immunogenic intensification; mAB, monoclonal antibodies; mCRPC, metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer; vaccine