title: A consideration of hoarding disorder symptoms in China.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hoarding disorder is rarely examined in populations of non-European and/or non-Euro-American descent, especially in East Asian nations like China. Across two studies, the current investigation sets out to examine the psychometric properties of a Chinese version of a widely used measure of hoarding symptoms-the Savings Inventory Revised (SIR)-and to explore the nature of hoarding beliefs compared to a separate US sample.
  
  
  METHODS
  For the first study, 1828 college students in China completed a Mandarin translation of the SIR and measures of anxiety, depression, and obsessive-compulsive disorder. For the second study, 303 students from China and 87 students from the US completed the SIR and a novel hoarding beliefs questionnaire.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the first study, the Chinese-version of the SIR demonstrated convergent and discriminant validity, as well as internal reliability and preliminary construct validity. However, evidence of temporal stability was modest and requires further investigation. In the second study, the Chinese sample endorsed greater hoarding symptoms and hoarding beliefs compared to the US sample, although only themes of usefulness and wastefulness were associated with hoarding in the Chinese samples, whereas a wider range of beliefs was linked with hoarding in the US sample. In addition, the factor structure of the SIR from the first study did not replicate in second study, suggesting that construct validity of the Chinese SIR may require further corroboration.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The current study established preliminary evidence for the reliability and validity of the Chinese SIR, although future research is needed to confirm its temporal stability and factor structure. Hoarding beliefs in China may be centered on themes of usefulness and wastefulness compared to more heterogeneous themes in the West, suggesting differential manifestations of hoarding tendencies in cultures of non-European and/or non-Euro-American descent.
authors.affiliation: University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA.
authors.forename: Kiara R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Timpano
authors.affiliation: University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA.
authors.forename: Demet
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Çek
authors.affiliation: Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Zhong-Fang
authors.initials: ZF
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.affiliation: Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Tan
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People's Republic of China; Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China. Electronic address: wjphh@bnu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Jian-Ping
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Towson University, Towson, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Gregory S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Chasson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001007:Anxiety / Q000453:epidemiology; D044466:Asian People / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D003863:Depression / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D000067836:Hoarding Disorder / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010555:Personality Inventory; D011594:Psychometrics; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013334:Students / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D055815:Young Adult