title: Degenerate PCR primer design for the specific identification of rhinovirus C.
abstract: Human rhinovirus (HRV)-A and -B is a common cause of upper respiratory tract infections. Recently, a third species, HRV-C, was categorized based on molecular typing studies. The results showed that the HRV-C genome had diverged from that of HRV-A and -B. Despite its late identification, increasing evidence suggests that HRV-C causes more severe pathogenic infections than HRV-A or -B; however, a large amount of epidemiological data is required to confirm this association in different clinical settings. Consequently, a simple and rapid method for identifying HRV-C is required to expedite such epidemiological studies. Here, two degenerate primer sets (HEV and HRVC) were designed based on bioinformatic analyses. The HEV set targeting the fifth IRES domain sequence within the 5'-UTR, which is highly conserved among enteroviruses, was designed to detect all enteroviruses, whereas the HRVC set, which targeted the VP2 coding region, was designed to detect HRV-C alone. Both primer sets were tested against a panel of standard enteroviruses and clinical lavage samples. HEV detected all enteroviruses tested whereas HRVC was specific for HRV-C. Although the primer design strategy was confirmed with a limited number of samples, extensive tests are required to be applied in clinical settings.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Young Ran
authors.initials: YR
authors.lastname: Nam
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Uk
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Han Seok
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Kyoung Jin
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Nari
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Yong Ju
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Jang
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Cell Dysfunction Research Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: chjoo@amc.seoul.kr.
authors.forename: Chul Hyun
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Joo
mesh_terms: D003139:Common Cold / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000821:virology*; D017931:DNA Primers / Q000235:genetics*; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D025202:Molecular Diagnostic Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D017720:Molecular Epidemiology / Q000379:methods; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods*; D012229:Rhinovirus / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers
keywords: Degenerate PCR primer; RT-PCR; Rhinovirus C