title: Spontaneous abortion and recurrent miscarriage: A comparison of cytogenetic diagnosis in 250 cases.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency and distribution of cytogenetically abnormal miscarriages in couples with spontaneous abortions (SA) or recurrent miscarriages (RM).
  
  
  METHODS
  Karyotyping of specimens from 164 abortuses with SA and 86 abortuses with RM was successfully performed according to the standard cytogenetic methods using G-banding technique.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among the total 164 cases of SA group, 81 (49.4%) were euploid and the rest (83, 50.6%) showed chromosomal abnormalities. In RM(≥2) and RM(≥3) group, 31 (36.0%)/27 (34.6%) cases were euploid and 55 (64.0%)/51(65.4%) cases were abnormal, respectively. A statistically significant difference was found in the rate of cytogenetic abnormality between SA and RM groups (P<0.05). In all groups, women with advanced maternal age (≥35 years) had a higher rate of chromosome anomalies compared with women younger than age 35 (normal:abnormal = 32.4%:67.6% for ≥35 years and 53.8%:46.2% for <35 years in SA; 19.2%:80.8%/21.7%:78.3% for ≥35 years and 43.3%:56.7%/40.0%:60.0% for <35 years in RM(≥2) and RM(≥3), respectively; P<0.05). In SA group, an increase of normal karyotypes was noted with increased gestational age (<10 week, 38.0%; 10-15 week, 53.5%; 16-20 week, 65.7%). In RM group, most of cases were in <10 week and the frequency of trisomies with chromosomes 1 to 10 were increased compared with that of SA.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There was a statistically significant difference in the frequency and distribution of chromosomal abnormalities between SA and RM groups. Our results will provide useful information for diagnosis and genetic counseling of patients with SA or RM.
authors.affiliation: Genetics Laboratory, Good Moonhwa Hospital, Busan, Korea.
authors.forename: Tae Yeong
authors.initials: TY
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Genetics Laboratory, Good Moonhwa Hospital, Busan, Korea.
authors.forename: Hye Min
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Genetics Laboratory, Good Moonhwa Hospital, Busan, Korea.
authors.forename: Won Kyoung
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine, Good Moonhwa Hospital, Busan, Korea.
authors.forename: So Yeong
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Jeong
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Good Moonhwa Hospital, Busan, Korea.
authors.forename: Hwa Sook
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Moon
keywords: Chromosomal abnormalities; Cytogenetic analysis; Habitual abortion; Spontaneous abortion