title: The microwave induced plasma with optical emission spectrometry (MIP-OES) in 23 elements determination in geological samples.
abstract: The article presents the optimisation, validation and application of the microwave induced plasma optical emission spectrometry (MIP-OES) dedicated for a routine determination of Ag, Al, B, Ba, Bi, Ca, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ga, In, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Ni, Pb, Sr, Tl, Zn, in the geological samples. The three procedures of sample preparation has been proposed: sample digestion with the use of hydrofluoric acid for determination of total concentration of elements, extraction by aqua regia for determination of the quasi-total element concentration and extraction by hydrochloric acid solution to determine contents of the elements in acid leachable fraction. The detection limits were on the level 0.001-0.121 mg L(-1) (from 0.010-0.10 to 1.2-12 mg kg(-1) depend on the samples preparation procedure); the precision: 0.20-1.37%; accuracy 85-115% (for recovery for certified standards materials analysis and parallel analysis by independent analytical techniques: X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and flame absorption spectrometry (FAAS)). The conformity of the results obtained by MIP-OES analytical procedures with the results obtained by XRF and FAAS analysis allows to propose the procedures for studies of elemental composition of the fraction of the geological samples. Additionally, the MIP-OES technique is much less expensive than ICP techniques and much less time-consuming than AAS techniques.
authors.affiliation: Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, 89B Umultowska Street, 61-614 Poznan, Poland. Electronic address: pnied@amu.edu.pl.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Niedzielski
authors.affiliation: Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, 89B Umultowska Street, 61-614 Poznan, Poland; Poviat Sanitary and Epidemiological Station in Poznań, Department of Food, Nutrition and Food Contact Materials, 10 Sieroca Street, 61-771 Poznan, Poland.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kozak
authors.affiliation: Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, 89B Umultowska Street, 61-614 Poznan, Poland; Selwa-Lab, 56 Okopowa Street, 01-042 Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wachelka
authors.affiliation: Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, 89B Umultowska Street, 61-614 Poznan, Poland.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Jakubowski
authors.affiliation: Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, Faculty of Chemistry, Environmental Laboratory of Unique Analytical Instrumentation, 89B Umultowska Street, 61-614 Poznan, Poland.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wybieralska
mesh_terms: D019015:Geologic Sediments / Q000737:chemistry; D005844:Geology / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D006851:Hydrochloric Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D057230:Limit of Detection; D013058:Mass Spectrometry / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D008672:Metals, Alkali / Q000032:analysis*; D008673:Metals, Alkaline Earth / Q000032:analysis*; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000032:analysis*; D019565:Metals, Light / Q000032:analysis*; D008674:Metals, Rare Earth / Q000032:analysis*; D008872:Microwaves; D058626:Plasma Gases; D052616:Solid Phase Extraction / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D008672:Metals, Alkali; D008673:Metals, Alkaline Earth; D019216:Metals, Heavy; D019565:Metals, Light; D008674:Metals, Rare Earth; D058626:Plasma Gases; D006851:Hydrochloric Acid
keywords: Atomic absorption spectrometry; Geological samples; Microwave induced plasma optical emission spectrometry; Multielemental analysis; X-ray fluorescence