title: Terrestrial rabies control in the European Union: historical achievements and challenges ahead.
abstract: Due to the implementation of oral rabies vaccination (ORV) programmes, the European Union (EU) is becoming progressively free of red fox (Vulpes vulpes)-mediated rabies. Over the past three decades, the incidence of rabies had decreased substantially and vast areas of Western and Central Europe have been freed from rabies using this method of controlling an infectious disease in wildlife. Since rabies control is a top priority in the EU, the disease is expected to be eliminated from the animal source in the near future. While responsible authorities may consider the mission of eliminating fox rabies from the EU almost accomplished, there are still issues to be dealt with and challenges to be met that have not yet been in the focus of attention, but could jeopardise the ultimate goal. Among them are increasing illegal movements of animals, maintaining funding support for vaccination campaigns, devising alternative vaccine strategies in neighbouring Eastern European countries and the expanding distribution range of several potential rabies reservoir species in Europe.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Molecular Virology and Cell Biology, Friedrich-Loeffler Institut, WHO Collaborating Centre for Rabies Surveillance and Research, OIE Reference Laboratory for Rabies, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany. Electronic address: thomas.mueller@fli.bund.de.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Müller
authors.affiliation: Institute of Molecular Virology and Cell Biology, Friedrich-Loeffler Institut, WHO Collaborating Centre for Rabies Surveillance and Research, OIE Reference Laboratory for Rabies, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany.
authors.forename: Conrad Martin
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Freuling
authors.affiliation: Institute of Epidemiology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany.
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wysocki
authors.affiliation: Fondation Merieux, 69002 Lyon, France.
authors.forename: Micha
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Roumiantzeff
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Microbiologie, Centre de Biologie et Pathologie Est Groupe de Recherche, Hospices Civils de Lyon & «Bactéries pathogènes opportunistes et environnement», UMR 5557 CNRS-UCBL, ISPB, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, France.
authors.forename: Jean
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Freney
authors.affiliation: Institute of Molecular Virology and Cell Biology, Friedrich-Loeffler Institut, WHO Collaborating Centre for Rabies Surveillance and Research, OIE Reference Laboratory for Rabies, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany.
authors.forename: Thomas Christoph
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Mettenleiter
authors.affiliation: IDT Biologika GmbH, 06861 Dessau-Rosslau, Germany.
authors.forename: Adriaan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vos
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004197:Disease Reservoirs; D005060:Europe / Q000453:epidemiology; D005062:European Union; D011818:Rabies / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary*
keywords: Europe; Oral rabies vaccination; Rabies; Red fox; Wildlife reservoirs