title: An active lifestyle induces positive antioxidant enzyme modulation in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of overweight/obese postmenopausal women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of an active lifestyle on mitochondrial functioning, viability, bioenergetics, and redox status markers in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of overweight/ obese postmenopausal women.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a cross-sectional study with postmenopausal women aged 45–64 years and body mass index N 25 kg/m2, divided into physically active (n = 23) and sedentary (n = 12) groups. Mitochondria functioning and viability, bioenergetics and redox status parameters were assessed in PBMC with spectrophotometric and fluorometric assays.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No differences were found in the enzyme activity of complexes I and II of the electron transport chain (ETC), mitochondrial superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) activity, methyl-tetrazolium reduction levels and reduced glutathione and oxidized glutathione levels between the groups. However, the physically active group presented higher levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) (P= 0.04) and increased catalase (CAT) (P= 0.029), total (P= 0.011) and cytosolic SOD (CuZnSOD) (P= 0.009) activities.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  An active lifestyle that includes aerobic exercise for at least 30 min, three times per week may improve antioxidant enzyme activities in PBMC in overweight/obese postmenopausal women, without changes in the activity of the ETC enzymes. However, this low intensity physical activity is not able to induce relevant mitochondrial adaptations.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Métodos e Técnicas Desportivas, Centro de Educação Física e Desportos, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Brazil. Electronic address: jbfarinha@yahoo.com.br.
authors.forename: Juliano Boufleur
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Farinha
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Química, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Brazil.
authors.forename: Nélson Rodrigues
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: De Carvalho
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Métodos e Técnicas Desportivas, Centro de Educação Física e Desportos, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Brazil.
authors.forename: Flávia Mariel
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Steckling
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Métodos e Técnicas Desportivas, Centro de Educação Física e Desportos, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Brazil.
authors.forename: Liziane Da Silva
authors.initials: Lda S
authors.lastname: De Vargas
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Química, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Brazil.
authors.forename: Aline Alves
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Courtes
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Química, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Brazil.
authors.forename: Sílvio Terra
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Stefanello
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Química, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Brazil.
authors.forename: Caroline Curry
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Martins
authors.affiliation: Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Chile.
authors.forename: Guilherme
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bresciani
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Métodos e Técnicas Desportivas, Centro de Educação Física e Desportos, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Brazil.
authors.forename: Daniela Lopes
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Dos Santos
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Química, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Brazil.
authors.forename: Félix Alexandre Antunes
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Soares
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism*; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008019:Life Style; D008875:Middle Aged; D009000:Monocytes / Q000201:enzymology*; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000502:physiology*; D009765:Obesity / Q000201:enzymology*; D050177:Overweight / Q000201:enzymology*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D017698:Postmenopause / Q000378:metabolism*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D002374:Catalase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase
keywords: Electron transport chain complex proteins; Exercise; Leukocytes; Menopause; Obesity; Reactive oxygen species