title: Myoinhibitors controlling oviduct contraction within the female blood-gorging insect, Rhodnius prolixus.
abstract: Muscle activity can be regulated by stimulatory and inhibitory neuropeptides allowing for contraction and relaxation. There are various families of neuropeptides that can be classified as inhibitors of insect muscle contraction. This study focuses on Rhodnius prolixus and three neuropeptide families that have been shown to be myoinhibitors in insects: A-type allatostatins, myoinhibiting peptides (B-type allatostatins) and myosuppressins. FGLa/AST-like immunoreactive axons and blebs were found on the anterior of the dorsal vessel and on the abdominal nerves. FGLa/AST-like immunoreactive axons were also seen in the trunk nerves and on the bursa. The effects of RhoprAST-2 (FGLa/AST or A-type allatostatins) and RhoprMIP-4 (MIP/AST or B-type allatostatins) were similar, producing dose-dependent inhibition of R. prolixus spontaneous oviduct contractions with a maximum of 70% inhibition and an EC50 at approximately 10(-8)M. The myosuppressin of R. prolixus (RhoprMS) has an unusual FMRFamide C-terminal motif (pQDIDHVFMRFa) as compared to myosuppressins from other insects. Quantitative PCR results show that the RhoprMS receptor transcript is present in adult female oviducts; however, RhoprMS does not have an inhibitory effect on R. prolixus oviduct contractions, but does have a dose-dependent inhibitory effect on the spontaneous contraction of Locusta migratoria oviducts. SchistoFLRFamide, the myosuppressin of Schistocerca gregaria and L. migratoria, also does not inhibit R. prolixus oviduct contractions. This implies that FGLa/ASTs and MIP/ASTs may play a role in regulating egg movement within the oviducts, and that the myosuppressin although myoinhibitory on other muscles in R. prolixus, does not inhibit the contractions of R. prolixus oviducts and may play another role in the reproductive system.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada. Electronic address: laura.sedra@mail.utoronto.ca.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sedra
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada.
authors.forename: Amir S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Haddad
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada. Electronic address: angela.lange@utoronto.ca.
authors.forename: Angela B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Lange
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D019835:FMRFamide / Q000494:pharmacology; D005247:Feeding Behavior / Q000187:drug effects*; D005260:Female; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D008297:Male; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000187:drug effects*; D009132:Muscles / Q000187:drug effects; D009479:Neuropeptides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010057:Oviducts / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D012098:Reproduction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D012239:Rhodnius / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D009479:Neuropeptides; C076523:allatostatin; C059573:SchistoFLRFamide; D019835:FMRFamide
keywords: Immunohistochemistry; Insect; Muscle contraction; Neuropeptides; Reproductive system