title: Autophagy in osteoblasts is involved in mineralization and bone homeostasis.
abstract: Bone remodeling is a tightly controlled mechanism in which osteoblasts (OB), the cells responsible for bone formation, osteoclasts (OC), the cells specialized for bone resorption, and osteocytes, the multifunctional mechanosensing cells embedded in the bone matrix, are the main actors. Increased oxidative stress in OB, the cells producing and mineralizing bone matrix, has been associated with osteoporosis development but the role of autophagy in OB has not yet been addressed. This is the goal of the present study. We first show that the autophagic process is induced in OB during mineralization. Then, using knockdown of autophagy-essential genes and OB-specific autophagy-deficient mice, we demonstrate that autophagy deficiency reduces mineralization capacity. Moreover, our data suggest that autophagic vacuoles could be used as vehicles in OB to secrete apatite crystals. In addition, autophagy-deficient OB exhibit increased oxidative stress and secretion of the receptor activator of NFKB1 (TNFSF11/RANKL), favoring generation of OC, the cells specialized in bone resorption. In vivo, we observed a 50% reduction in trabecular bone mass in OB-specific autophagy-deficient mice. Taken together, our results show for the first time that autophagy in OB is involved both in the mineralization process and in bone homeostasis. These findings are of importance for mineralized tissues which extend from corals to vertebrates and uncover new therapeutic targets for calcified tissue-related metabolic pathologies.
authors.affiliation: a UMR E-4320 MATOs CEA/iBEB/SBTN-CAL; Université Nice Sophia Antipolis; Faculté de Médecine ; Nice , France.
authors.forename: Marie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nollet
authors.forename: Sabine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Santucci-Darmanin
authors.forename: Véronique
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Breuil
authors.forename: Rasha
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Al-Sahlanee
authors.forename: Chantal
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cros
authors.forename: Majlinda
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Topi
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Momier
authors.forename: Michel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Samson
authors.forename: Sophie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pagnotta
authors.forename: Laurence
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cailleteau
authors.forename: Séverine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Battaglia
authors.forename: Delphine
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Farlay
authors.forename: Romain
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dacquin
authors.forename: Nicolas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Barois
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Jurdic
authors.forename: Georges
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Boivin
authors.forename: Dominique
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Heymann
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lafont
authors.forename: Shi Shou
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: David W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Dempster
authors.forename: Georges F
authors.initials: GF
authors.lastname: Carle
authors.forename: Valérie
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Pierrefite-Carle
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001343:Autophagy; D016723:Bone Remodeling; D001862:Bone Resorption; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000378:metabolism*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D005260:Female; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D006706:Homeostasis; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D052002:NF-kappa B p50 Subunit / Q000378:metabolism; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000166:cytology*; D010010:Osteoclasts / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D053245:RANK Ligand / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D055114:X-Ray Microtomography
chemical_list: D052002:NF-kappa B p50 Subunit; D053245:RANK Ligand; C505689:Tnfsf11 protein, mouse; C073701:Nfkb1 protein, mouse; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins
keywords: ACP5/TRAP, acid phosphatase 5, tartrate resistant; BECN1, Beclin 1, autophagy-related; BV, bone volume; Baf, bafilomycin A1; Col1A, collagen, type I, α 1; HRTEM, high resolution transmission electron microscopy; MAP1LC3 (LC3), microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3; OB, osteoblast; OC, osteoclast; PBS, phosphate-buffered saline; RNA, ribonucleic acid; RUNX2, runt-related transcription factor 2; SAED, selected area electron diffraction; SPP1/OPN, secreted phosphoprotein 1; TNFSF11/RANKL, tumor necrosis factor (ligand) superfamily, member 11; TUBB, tubulin, beta; TV, total volume; autophagy; bone remodeling; mineralization; osteoblast