title: Novel Suppressive Effects of Ketotifen on Migration and Invasion of MDA-MB-231 and HT-1080 Cancer Cells.
abstract: The high mortality rates associated with cancer reflect the metastatic spread of tumor cells from the site of their origin. Metastasis, in fact, is the cause of 90% of cancer deaths. Therefore, considerable effort is being made to inhibit metastasis. In the present study, we screened ketotifen for anti-migratory and anti-invasive activities against MDA-MB-231 breast cancer and HT-1080 fibrosarcoma cancer cells. Cancer cell migration and invasion were measured using multi-well chambers. Additionally, western blots were used to examine the effects of ketotifen on the expressions of CDC42, Rho, Rac, and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9). The results showed that ketotifen dose-dependently suppressed the migration and invasion of MDA-MB-231 and HT-1080 cells. Ketotifen also suppressed the expressions of CDC42, Rac, and Rho, which, significantly, are involved in MDA-MB-231 and HT-1080 cancer cell migration. Moreover, ketotifen suppressed the expression and activity of MMP-9, which is involved in degradation of the extracellular matrix leading to invasion. The overall data suggested that ketotifen suppresses the migration and invasion of MDA-MB-231 and HT-1080 cancer cells via inhibition of CDC42, Rac, Rho, and MMP-9 expression.
authors.affiliation: BK21PLUS R-FIND Team, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Seoul 100-715.
authors.forename: Hyun Ji
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: BK21PLUS R-FIND Team, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Seoul 100-715.
authors.forename: Mi Kyung
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: BK21PLUS R-FIND Team, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Seoul 100-715.
authors.forename: Soo Youl
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: BK21PLUS R-FIND Team, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Seoul 100-715.
authors.forename: Chang Hoon
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Lee
keywords: HT-1080; Invasion; Ketotifen; MDA-MB-231; Migration