title: The Chicago Classification of esophageal motility disorders, v3.0.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The Chicago Classification (CC) of esophageal motility disorders, utilizing an algorithmic scheme to analyze clinical high-resolution manometry (HRM) studies, has gained acceptance worldwide.
  
  
  METHODS
  This 2014 update, CC v3.0, developed by the International HRM Working Group, incorporated the extensive clinical experience and interval publications since the prior (2011) version.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Chicago Classification v3.0 utilizes a hierarchical approach, sequentially prioritizing: (i) disorders of esophagogastric junction (EGJ) outflow (achalasia subtypes I-III and EGJ outflow obstruction), (ii) major disorders of peristalsis (absent contractility, distal esophageal spasm, hypercontractile esophagus), and (iii) minor disorders of peristalsis characterized by impaired bolus transit. EGJ morphology, characterized by the degree of overlap between the lower esophageal sphincter and the crural diaphragm and baseline EGJ contractility are also part of CC v3.0. Compared to the previous CC version, the key metrics of interpretation, the integrated relaxation pressure (IRP), the distal contractile integral (DCI), and the distal latency (DL) remain unchanged, albeit with much more emphasis on DCI for defining both hypo- and hypercontractility. New in CC v3.0 are: (i) the evaluation of the EGJ at rest defined in terms of morphology and contractility, (ii) 'fragmented' contractions (large breaks in the 20-mmHg isobaric contour), (iii) ineffective esophageal motility (IEM), and (iv) several minor adjustments in nomenclature and defining criteria. Absent in CC v3.0 are contractile front velocity and small breaks in the 20-mmHg isobaric contour as defining characteristics.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Chicago Classification v3.0 is an updated analysis scheme for clinical esophageal HRM recordings developed by the International HRM Working Group.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Kahrilas
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Bredenoord
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fox
authors.forename: C P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Gyawali
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Roman
authors.forename: A J P M
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Smout
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Pandolfino
mesh_terms: D004931:Esophageal Achalasia / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology; D015154:Esophageal Motility Disorders / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted; D008365:Manometry / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards*
keywords: achalasia; dysphagia; esophageal motility disorders; high-resolution manometry; ineffective esophageal motility