title: Visualization of dialysis fistula by computed tomography using time-resolved 3D volume rendering.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To evaluate the function of arteriovenous (AV) dialysis fistula using dynamic computed tomography (CT) and time-resolved 3-dimensional (3D) volume rendering (VR).
  
  
  METHODS
  Seven patients referred for angiographic CT examination of the AV dialysis fistula were enrolled. Twenty-four grams of iodine were administered intravenously (iomeprol 400 mg I/mL at 6 mL/sec) followed by a 50-mL saline flush. Dynamic scanning was performed for 15-24 sec. CT images were then postprocessed on a dedicated workstation creating time-resolved 3D VR images and movies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All studies showed good image quality showing pathology in 6 of 7 patients. Unexpected findings were observed in 1 patient, aneurysm (n = 1). Radiation dose was 5 mSv.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The function of AV dialysis fistula can be visualized using dynamic CT and time-resolved 3D VR.
authors.affiliation: Division of Medical Imaging and Technology, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology at Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Radiology, Karolinska University Hospital in Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden. Electronic address: anders.svensson@ki.se.
authors.forename: Anders
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Svensson
authors.affiliation: Division of Medical Imaging and Technology, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology at Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Radiology, Karolinska University Hospital in Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden; Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Michael A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Fischer
authors.affiliation: Division of Medical Imaging and Technology, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology at Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Radiology, Karolinska University Hospital in Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Kerstin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Cederlund
authors.affiliation: Division of Medical Imaging and Technology, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology at Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Radiology, Karolinska University Hospital in Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Aspelin
authors.affiliation: Division of Medical Imaging and Technology, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology at Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Radiology, Karolinska University Hospital in Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Bertil
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Leidner
authors.affiliation: Division of Medical Imaging and Technology, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology at Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Radiology, Karolinska University Hospital in Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Torkel B
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: Brismar
mesh_terms: D000783:Aneurysm / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology; D001166:Arteriovenous Shunt, Surgical / Q000009:adverse effects; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D007479:Iopamidol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D061330:Multidetector Computed Tomography; D056888:Patient Positioning; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011857:Radiographic Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D006435:Renal Dialysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D034941:Upper Extremity / Q000098:blood supply*
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; C057937:iomeprol; D007479:Iopamidol