title: Insulin-like growth factor-I and insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 are related to cardiovascular disease biomarkers in obese adolescents.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I and IGF binding protein (IGFBP)-1 have been linked to cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk and pathophysiology in adults, but there are limited data in youth.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the study was to examine the relationship between IGF and IGFBP-1 with traditional and non-traditional CVD risk factors including inflammatory markers and body composition in an obese pediatric cohort.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional study.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was carried out at a university children's hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty-one obese non-diabetic adolescents.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fasting IGF-I, IGFBP-1, lipoprotein profiles, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), and total adiponectin as well as insulin sensitivity measures, blood pressure (BP), and anthropometrics.
  
  
  RESULTS
  IGFBP-1 was negatively associated with insulin sensitivity measures, body mass index (BMI), and diastolic BP in males. IGF-I was negatively associated with hsCRP (r = -0.479, p < 0.0005), and IGFBP-1 was positively associated with adiponectin (r = 0.545, p < 0.0005). The IGF-I/CRP and IGFBP-1/adiponectin associations remained significant when controlling for both BMI and insulin sensitivity index (SI ). Both IGF-I and IGFBP-1 were negatively associated with waist circumference (r = -0.327 and r = -0.275, respectively) and sagittal abdominal diameter (r = -0.333 and r = -0.371, respectively), while IGFBP-1 was negatively associated with fat mass (r = -0.347, p = 0.01) as well as neck circumference and fat-free mass in males. Controlling for BMI z-score and SI , IGFBP-1 remained negatively associated with diastolic blood pressure (r = 0.706, p = 0.001 and neck circumference (r = -0.548, p = 0.15) in males.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  IGF-I and IGFBP-1 associate with CVD risk markers and may add to clinical assessments of cardiometabolic dysfunction in youth.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Lorraine E Levitt
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Katz
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Kevin A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Gralewski
authors.affiliation: St. Luke's University Health Network, Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Allentown, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Pamela
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Abrams
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Preneet C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Brar
authors.affiliation: Biostatistics Core, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Clinical and Translation Research Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Paul R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Gallagher
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Terri H
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Lipman
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Pulmonology of and Sleep Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Lee J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Brooks
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics and Medicine, Section of Adult and Pediatric Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
authors.forename: Dorit
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Koren
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood*; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D002648:Child; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D018970:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 1 / Q000097:blood*; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D018970:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 1; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I
keywords: CVD risk factors; IGF-I; IGFBP-1; adiponectin; neck circumference