title: Adenotonsillar hypertrophy as a risk factor of dentofacial abnormality in Korean children.
abstract: No studies for the role of adenotonsillar hypertrophy in development of dentofacial abnormalities have been performed in Asian pediatric population. Thus, we aimed to investigate the relationship between adenotonsillar hypertrophy and dentofacial abnormalities in Korean children. The present study included consecutive children who visited a pediatric clinic for sleep-disordered breathing due to habitual mouth breathing, snoring or sleep apnea. Their palatine tonsils and adenoids were graded by oropharyngeal endoscopy and lateral cephalometry. Anterior open bite, posterior crossbite, and Angle's class malocclusions were evaluated for dentofacial abnormality. The receiver-operating characteristic curve analysis was used to identify age cutoffs to predict dentofacial abnormality. A total of 1,083 children were included. The presence of adenotonsillar hypertrophy was significantly correlated with the prevalence of dentofacial abnormality [adjusted odds ratio = 4.587, 95% CI (2.747-7.658)] after adjusting age, sex, body mass index, allergy, and Korean version of obstructive sleep apnea-18 score. The cutoff age associated with dentofacial abnormality was 5.5 years (sensitivity = 75.5%, specificity = 67%) in the children with adenotonsillar hypertrophy and 6.5 years (sensitivity = 70.6%, specificity = 57%) in those without adenotonsillar hypertrophy. In conclusion, adenotonsillar hypertrophy may be a risk factor for dentofacial abnormalities in Korean children and early surgical intervention could be considered with regards to dentofacial abnormality.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, South Korea.
authors.forename: Dong-Kyu
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Departments of Otorhinolaryngology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 173 Goomi-ro, Bundang-gu, 463-707, Seongnam, South Korea.
authors.forename: Chae Seo
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Rhee
authors.affiliation: Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea.
authors.forename: Pil-Young
authors.initials: PY
authors.lastname: Yun
authors.affiliation: Departments of Otorhinolaryngology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 173 Goomi-ro, Bundang-gu, 463-707, Seongnam, South Korea. kimemail@naver.com.
authors.forename: Jeong-Whun
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000234:Adenoids / Q000473:pathology*; D044466:Asian People; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D063169:Dentofacial Deformities / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006984:Hypertrophy / Q000150:complications; D008297:Male; D009058:Mouth Breathing / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D016017:Odds Ratio; D014066:Palatine Tonsil / Q000473:pathology*; D015995:Prevalence; D012372:ROC Curve; D056910:Republic of Korea; D012307:Risk Factors; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012891:Sleep Apnea Syndromes / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology*; D012913:Snoring / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology
keywords: Adenotonsillar hypertrophy; Anterior open bite; Dentofacial abnormalities; Malocclusion; Posterior crossbite