title: Oligometastases in prostate cancer: restaging stage IV cancers and new radiotherapy options.
abstract: There are various subgroups of patients with metastatic prostate cancer: polymetastatic, oligometastatic, or oligo-recurrent cancers whose progression follows different courses and for whom there are different treatment options. Knowledge of tumor dissemination pathways and different genetic and epigenetic tumor profiles, as well as their evolution during disease progression, along with new diagnostic and therapeutic advances has allowed us to address these situations with local ablative treatments such as stereotactic body radiation therapy or stereotactic radiosurgery. These treatments provide high rates of local control with low toxicity in metastatic spread for primary cancers including those of pulmonary, digestive, and renal origin, while these types of treatments are still emerging for cancers of prostatic origin. There are several retrospective studies showing the effectiveness of such treatments in prostate cancer metastases, which has led to the emergence of prospective studies on the issue and even some phase II studies intended to prevent or delay systemic treatments such as chemotherapy. Here we collect together and review these past experiences and the studies currently underway. These types of radiotherapy treatments redefine how we approach extracranial metastatic disease and open up new possibilities for combination therapy with new systemic treatment agents.
authors.forename: Antonio José
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Conde Moreno
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ferrer Albiach
authors.forename: Rodrigo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Muelas Soria
authors.forename: Verónica
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: González Vidal
authors.forename: Raquel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: García Gómez
authors.forename: María
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Albert Antequera
mesh_terms: D001859:Bone Neoplasms / Q000556:secondary / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D009367:Neoplasm Staging / Q000379:methods; D010166:Palliative Care / Q000379:methods; D011468:Prostatectomy / Q000379:methods; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology* / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000601:surgery; D011878:Radiotherapy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*