title: Social inequalities in self-reported refraining from health care due to financial reasons in Sweden: health care on equal terms?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The main goal of the health care system in Sweden is good health and health care on equal terms for the entire population. This study investigated the existence of social inequalities in refraining from health care due to financial reasons in Sweden.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study is based on 38,536 persons who responded to a survey questionnaire sent to a random sample of men and women aged 18-84 years in 2008 (response rate 59%). The proportion of persons who during the past three months due to financial reasons limited or refrained from seeking health care, purchasing medicine or seeking dental care is reported. The groups were defined by gender, age, country of origin, educational level and employment status. The prevalence of longstanding illness was used to describe morbidity in these groups. Differences between groups were tested with chi-squared statistics and multivariate logistic regression models.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In total, 3% reported that they had limited or refrained from seeking health care, 4% from purchasing medicine and 10% from seeking dental care. To refrain from seeking health care was much more common among the unemployed (12%) and those on disability pension (10%) than among employees (2%). It was also more common among young adults and persons born outside the Nordic countries. Similar differences also apply to purchasing medicine and dental care. The odds for refraining from seeking health care, purchasing medicine or seeking dental care due to financial reasons were 2-3 times higher among persons with longstanding illness than among persons with no longstanding illness.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There are social inequalities in self-reported refraining from health care due to financial reasons in Sweden even though the absolute levels vary between different types of care. Often those in most need refrain from seeking health care which contradicts the national goal of the health care system. The results suggest that the fare systems of health care and dental care should be revised because they contribute to inequalities in health care.
authors.affiliation: Competence Centre for Health, Västmanland County Council, Västerås 721 89, Sweden. anu.molarius@ltv.se.
authors.forename: Anu
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Molarius
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Simonsson
authors.forename: Margareta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lindén-Boström
authors.forename: Marina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kalander-Blomqvist
authors.forename: Inna
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Feldman
authors.forename: Hans G
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Eriksson
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D004522:Educational Status; D004651:Employment / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007182:Income / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010342:Patient Acceptance of Health Care; D057566:Self Report; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013548:Sweden