title: A review on surgical techniques and organ sparing procedures in bladder/prostate rhabdomyosarcoma.
abstract: The treatment outcomes in children with bladder/prostate rhabdomyosarcoma (B/P RMS) have considerably improved in the past few decades. Current protocols incorporate chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgery (radical or organ sparing). Using this multimodal and multidisciplinary approach, the cure rates for nonmetastatic RMS have gradually increased from 25% in the 1970s, and 70% in the 1990s, to over 80% in the 2000s. Surgery plays a role not only in the diagnosis and management of all stages of B/P RMS, but also in the urinary reconstruction and long-term follow-up. Furthermore, the tendency to avoid mutilating surgery and to preserve functional genitourinary tract has been noticeable. Authors describe the current status and future surgical treatment approaches and possibilities for patients with B/P RMS and how reconstructive urologic surgery in B/P RMS continues to evolve.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Surgery and Urology for Children and Adolescents, Medical University in Gdansk, Pomerania, Poland.
authors.forename: Leszek
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Komasara
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Surgery and Urology for Children and Adolescents, Medical University in Gdansk, Pomerania, Poland.
authors.forename: Andrzej
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gołębiewski
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Surgery and Urology for Children and Adolescents, Medical University in Gdansk, Pomerania, Poland.
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Anzelewicz
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Surgery and Urology for Children and Adolescents, Medical University in Gdansk, Pomerania, Poland.
authors.forename: Piotr
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Czauderna
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D059351:Organ Sparing Treatments / Q000379:methods; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000379:methods; D012208:Rhabdomyosarcoma / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D014553:Urinary Tract Physiological Phenomena