title: Splenic and hepatic ultrasound and cytology in canine lymphoma: effects of findings on stage migration and assessment of prognosis.
abstract: Stage migration is described in humans and dogs as a sequel of using more sensitive diagnostic methods. One hundred eighty-six dogs with multicentric lymphoma were enrolled with results of conventional staging as well as ultrasonographic and cytological examination of liver and spleen being available. The addition of splenic respective hepatic ultrasound and cytology findings resulted in slightly lower number of dogs classified as having liver and spleen involvement. In dogs with multicentric lymphoma, addition of cytology led to a significant shift of individuals from stage IV to stage III. Findings of hepatic and splenic ultrasound and cytology exerted no significant influence on complete remission and survival durations in dogs with combination chemotherapy. Staging methodology in canine lymphoma should be redefined, considering that the prognostic significance of splenic and hepatic ultrasound and cytology warrants further investigation.
authors.affiliation: Small Animal Hospital of the University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Nerschbach
authors.affiliation: Small Animal Hospital of the University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Eberle
authors.affiliation: Small Animal Hospital of the University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany.
authors.forename: A E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Joetzke
authors.affiliation: Small Animal Hospital of the University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hoeinghaus
authors.affiliation: Small Animal Hospital of the University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hungerbuehler
authors.affiliation: Small Animal Hospital of the University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mischke
authors.affiliation: Small Animal Hospital of the University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Nolte
authors.affiliation: Small Animal Hospital of the University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Betz
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D004285:Dogs; D005260:Female; D016130:Immunophenotyping / Q000662:veterinary; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008099:Liver / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D008228:Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D008297:Male; D009367:Neoplasm Staging / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013154:Spleen / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D013534:Survival; D014463:Ultrasonography / Q000662:veterinary
keywords: canine; chemotherapy; lymphoma; stage migration; treatment outcome