title: Inhibitory effect of Careya arborea on inflammatory biomarkers in carrageenan-induced inflammation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Careya arborea Roxb. (Lecythidaceae) has multiple applications in traditional medicine; it exhibits analgesic, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antiulcer, and protective effects. However, the effect of C. arborea on biochemical and immmunological inflammatory mediators has not been explored.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The present study investigates the anti-inflammatory potential of the methanol extract of C. arborea stem bark and further assesses its possible mechanism on the modulation of inflammatory biomarkers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Anti-inflammatory activity of C. arborea methanol extract (CAME) was evaluated (100 and 200 mg/kg, p.o) using indomethacin (10 mg/kg, p.o) as the standard drug in Wistar albino rats. Inflammation was induced by injecting 0.1 ml carrageenan (1% w/v) into the left hind paw. The anti-inflammatory mechanism was studied by measuring malondialdehyde (MDA), C-reactive protein (CRP), nitric oxide (NO), myeloperoxidase (MPO), TNF-α, and IL-1β levels in both control and treated groups. A protocol has also been established to quantify quercetin and betulinic acid content in CAME using HPTLC fingerprint.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Careya arborea significantly (p < 0.001) decreased carrageenan-induced paw edema, showed a reduction of 48.87 and 65.53% at doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg, respectively. Moreover, CAME significantly decreased the MDA, CRP, NO, and MPO levels, elevated by carrageenan induced inflammation. CAME also markedly down-regulated serum TNF-α and IL-1β levels. These findings were further supported by the histological study. The content of quercetin and betulinic acid in CAME was found to be 0.177 and 3.14%, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Several mechanisms, including the inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokines, enzymes and mediators release, appear to account for the anti-inflammatory potential of C. arborea.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hamdard University , New Delhi , India and.
authors.forename: Rayhana
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Begum
authors.forename: Manju
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.forename: K K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Pillai
authors.forename: Vidhu
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Aeri
authors.forename: Manjur Ali
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Sheliya
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002351:Carrageenan / Q000633:toxicity*; D004487:Edema / Q000097:blood* / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000097:blood*; D031381:Lecythidaceae; D008297:Male; D024301:Plant Bark; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D015415:Biomarkers; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D010936:Plant Extracts; D002351:Carrageenan
keywords: Anti-inflammatory; IL-1β; TNF-α; malondialdehyde; myeloperoxidase; nitric oxide