title: Optimized Generation of Functional Neutrophils and Macrophages from Patient-Specific Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells: Ex Vivo Models of X(0)-Linked, AR22(0)- and AR47(0)- Chronic Granulomatous Diseases.
abstract: Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is an inherited orphan disorder caused by mutations in one of the five genes encoding reduced nicotinamide-adenine-dinucleotide-phosphate oxidase subunits, which subsequently lead to impairment in the production of microbicidal reactive oxygen species (ROS). In order to offer several cell line models of CGD and therefore support research on pathophysiology and new therapeutic approaches, we optimized protocols to differentiate induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from wild-type, X(0)-, AR22(0)- and AR47(0)-CGD patient's fibroblasts into neutrophils and into macrophages. Aberrant genetic clones were discarded after chromosome karyotyping and array-comparative genomic hybridization analysis. All remaining iPSC lines showed human embryonic stem cell-like morphology, expressed all tested pluripotency markers and formed embryoid bodies that contained cells originating from all three primary germ layers. Furthermore, each CGD patient-specific iPSC line retained the gp91 (phox) , p47 (phox) , and p22 (phox) mutations found in the corresponding patient's neutrophils. The average production of CD34(+) progenitors was of 1.5×10(6) cells after 10 days of differentiation of 10×10(6) iPSCs. They were terminally differentiated into about 3×10(5) neutrophils or into 3×10(7) macrophages. Based on morphological, phenotypical, and functional criteria both phagocyte types were mature and indistinguishable from the native human neutrophils and macrophages. However, neutrophils and macrophages derived from X(0)-, AR22(0)-, and AR47(0)-CGD patient-specific iPSC lines lacked ROS production and the corresponding mutated proteins. To simplify the phagocytes' production upon request, progenitors can be cryopreserved. In conclusion, we describe a reproducible, simple, and efficient way to generate neutrophils and macrophages from iPSCs and provide a new cellular model for the AR22(0)-CGD genetic form that has not been described before.
authors.affiliation: Techniques de l' Ingénierie Médicale et de la Complexité-Informatique, Mathématiques et Applications, Grenoble (TIMC-IMAG), Université Grenoble Alpes , Grenoble, France . ; Centre Diagnostic et Recherche sur la CGD (CDiReC), Pôle Biologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Grenoble , Grenoble, France .
authors.forename: Julie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Brault
authors.affiliation: Techniques de l' Ingénierie Médicale et de la Complexité-Informatique, Mathématiques et Applications, Grenoble (TIMC-IMAG), Université Grenoble Alpes , Grenoble, France . ; Centre Diagnostic et Recherche sur la CGD (CDiReC), Pôle Biologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Grenoble , Grenoble, France .
authors.forename: Erwan
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Goutagny
authors.affiliation: Center for Physiology and Pathology, Institute for Neurophysiology, Medical Faculty, University of Koln , Koln, Germany .
authors.forename: Narasimha
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Telugu
authors.affiliation: Center for Physiology and Pathology, Institute for Neurophysiology, Medical Faculty, University of Koln , Koln, Germany .
authors.forename: Kaifeng
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shao
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetic and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Geneva University Hospital and Medical School , Geneva, Switzerland .
authors.forename: Mathurin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Baquié
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Génétique Chromosomique, Pôle Couple/Enfant, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Grenoble , Grenoble, France .
authors.forename: Véronique
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Satre
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Génétique Chromosomique, Pôle Couple/Enfant, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Grenoble , Grenoble, France .
authors.forename: Charles
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Coutton
authors.affiliation: Institut de Recherches en Sciences et Technologies pour le Vivant/Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique , Grenoble, France .
authors.forename: Didier
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Grunwald
authors.affiliation: Service d'Infectiologie, Pôle Médecine Aigue et Communautaire, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Grenoble , Grenoble, France .
authors.forename: Jean-Paul
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Brion
authors.affiliation: Service de Pédiatrie et Hématologie Pédiatrique, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille (AP-HM) - Hôpital de La Timone , Marseille, France .
authors.forename: Vincent
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Barlogis
authors.affiliation: Service de Pédiatrie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint-Etienne , Hôpital Nord, Saint-Etienne, France .
authors.forename: Jean-Louis
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Stephan
authors.affiliation: Département de Pédiatrie, Pôle Couple/Enfants, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Grenoble , Grenoble, France .
authors.forename: Dominique
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Plantaz
authors.affiliation: Center for Physiology and Pathology, Institute for Neurophysiology, Medical Faculty, University of Koln , Koln, Germany .
authors.forename: Jürgen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hescheler
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetic and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Geneva University Hospital and Medical School , Geneva, Switzerland .
authors.forename: Karl-Heinz
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Krause
authors.affiliation: Center for Physiology and Pathology, Institute for Neurophysiology, Medical Faculty, University of Koln , Koln, Germany .
authors.forename: Tomo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sarić
authors.affiliation: Techniques de l' Ingénierie Médicale et de la Complexité-Informatique, Mathématiques et Applications, Grenoble (TIMC-IMAG), Université Grenoble Alpes , Grenoble, France . ; Centre Diagnostic et Recherche sur la CGD (CDiReC), Pôle Biologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Grenoble , Grenoble, France .
authors.forename: Marie José
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Stasia
keywords: NADPH oxidase; NOX2; chronic granulomatous disease; disease model; induced pluripotent stem cells; macrophages; neutrophils; p22phox; p47phox; reactive oxygen species