title: Peri-implant health and disease. A systematic review of current epidemiology.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To develop preventive strategies addressing peri-implant diseases, a thorough understanding of the epidemiology is required.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim was to systematically assess the scientific literature in order to evaluate the prevalence, extent and severity of peri-implant diseases.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were extracted from identified studies. Meta-analyses for prevalence of peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis were performed. The effect of function time and disease definition on the prevalence of peri-implantitis was evaluated by meta-regression analyses. Data on extent and severity of peri-implant diseases were estimated if not directly reported.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifteen articles describing 11 studies were included. Case definitions for mucositis and peri-implantitis varied. The prevalence of peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis ranged from 19 to 65% and from 1 to 47%, respectively. Meta-analyses estimated weighted mean prevalences of peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis of 43% (CI: 32-54%) and 22% (CI: 14-30%), respectively. The meta-regression showed a positive relationship between prevalence of peri-implantitis and function time and a negative relationship between prevalence of peri-implantitis and threshold for bone loss. Extent and severity of peri-implant diseases were rarely reported.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Future studies on the epidemiology of peri-implant diseases should consider (i) applying consistent case definitions and (ii) assessing random patient samples of adequate size and function time.
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, Institute of Odontology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Derks
authors.forename: Cristiano
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tomasi
mesh_terms: D016301:Alveolar Bone Loss / Q000453:epidemiology; D015921:Dental Implants / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D014943:Global Health / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D057873:Peri-Implantitis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015995:Prevalence; D013280:Stomatitis / Q000453:epidemiology*
chemical_list: D015921:Dental Implants
keywords: Incidence; Peri-implant disease; Prevalence