title: LPS induces pro-inflammatory response in mastitis mice and mammary epithelial cells: Possible involvement of NF-κB signaling and OPN.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) has pro-inflammatory properties. This study was conducted to determine whether the LPS induced pro-inflammatory response in a model of mastitis and in mouse mammary epithelial cells (MEC).
  
  
  METHODS
  To investigate the effects of LPS in vivo, 50 μL of a solution of LPS (20 ng/μL) were infused into the mammary glands of mice. To study the effects of LPS in vitro, MEC were exposed to LPS (20 μg/mL) for 24h. Activation of nuclear factor kB (NF-κB) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) were studied. Production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-6 [IL-6], tumor necrosis factor-alpha [TNF-alpha], interleukin-1 beta [IL-1 beta]) and expression of osteopontin (OPN) were also evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After LPS administration, route of NF-κB signaling is activated and the activity of MPO is increased. Furthermore, LPS increases the expression of OPN and production of TNF-alpha, IL-6 and IL-1 beta.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Present results demonstrate that LPS induces a pro-inflammatory response in a murine model of mastitis and suggest the involvement of the NF-κB pathway and OPN.
authors.affiliation: College of veterinary medicine, Hunan agricultural university, Changsha 410128, Furong district, China. Electronic address: xhbzhb@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: H-B
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.affiliation: College of veterinary medicine, Hunan agricultural university, Changsha 410128, Furong district, China.
authors.forename: C-R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: College of veterinary medicine, Hunan agricultural university, Changsha 410128, Furong district, China.
authors.forename: Z-K
authors.initials: ZK
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Huai Hua vocational and technical college, department of animal science and technology, Huaihua 418000, China.
authors.forename: J-Y
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D007249:Inflammation / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008321:Mammary Glands, Animal / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008413:Mastitis / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D053495:Osteopontin / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D016328:NF-kappa B; C506896:Spp1 protein, mouse; D053495:Osteopontin
keywords: Cellules épithéliales mammaires; Mammary epithelial cells; Mammite; Mastitis mice; NF-κB; Nuclear factor kappa B; Osteopontin; Ostéopontine