title: Anesthetics attenuate ischemia-reperfusion induced renal injury: effects and mechanisms.
abstract: Acute kidney injury (AKI) secondary to ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is a major cause of patient morbidity and mortality in the perioperative period. It can lead to new onset of chronic kidney disease and accelerate its progression. Patients with risk factors undergoing cardiac, vascular, and liver transplantation surgeries, which may inevitably involve IRI, are more susceptible to AKI. Anesthetic agents have been postulated to possess renoprotective properties. Thus, exploring the utilization of selective perioperative anesthetic agents with renoprotective properties may be a promising avenue to reduce the risk of AKI. This review discusses the effects and mechanisms of dexmedetomidine, inhalational and intravenous anesthetics, and xenon-mediated renoprotection. Although the renoprotective effects of these agents obtained in the laboratory are promising, much work especially via clinical trials is required to determine the translational value from the bench to the bedside.
authors.affiliation: Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine, and Intensive Care, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Chelsea and Westminster Campus, 369 Fulham Road, London SW10 9NH, UK.
authors.forename: Ankur
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Khajuria
authors.affiliation: Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine, and Intensive Care, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Chelsea and Westminster Campus, 369 Fulham Road, London SW10 9NH, UK.
authors.forename: Charison
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tay
authors.affiliation: Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine, and Intensive Care, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Chelsea and Westminster Campus, 369 Fulham Road, London SW10 9NH, UK.
authors.forename: Jiaqi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine, and Intensive Care, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Chelsea and Westminster Campus, 369 Fulham Road, London SW10 9NH, UK.
authors.forename: Hailin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine, and Intensive Care, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Chelsea and Westminster Campus, 369 Fulham Road, London SW10 9NH, UK. Electronic address: d.ma@imperial.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Daqing
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ma
mesh_terms: D058186:Acute Kidney Injury / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D000777:Anesthetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous / Q000494:pharmacology; D003907:Dexamethasone / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000150:complications*; D014978:Xenon / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000777:Anesthetics; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D014978:Xenon; D003907:Dexamethasone
keywords: anesthetics; ischemia–reperfusion injury; mechanism; renal injury