title: Hemodynamic monitoring devices: putting it all together.
abstract: Perioperative hemodynamic optimization of the high-risk surgical patient is associated with reduced postoperative morbidity and mortality. The hemodynamic parameters to be optimized (using goal-directed algorithms) encompass preload, contractility, afterload, volume responsiveness, and end-organ perfusion. Current hemodynamic monitors facilitate multi-modal monitoring of these macro-hemodynamic targets. This review focuses on the variety of invasive, minimally invasive, and noninvasive hemodynamic monitors available to the clinician.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA. Electronic address: bin4n@virginia.edu.
authors.forename: Bhiken I
authors.initials: BI
authors.lastname: Naik
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA.
authors.forename: Marcel E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Durieux
mesh_terms: D006439:Hemodynamics; D006801:Humans; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic / Q000191:economics / Q000295:instrumentation*
keywords: cost analysis; goal-directed hemodynamic treatment; macro-hemodynamic; microcirculation