title: Uptake and depuration kinetics of lead (Pb) and biomarker responses in the earthworm Eisenia fetida after simultaneous exposure to decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE209).
abstract: Lead (Pb) and BDE209 (decabromodiphenyl ether) are the main contaminants at e-waste recycling sites, and their potential toxicological effects on terrestrial organisms have received extensive attention. However, the impact on earthworms of exposure to the two chemicals remains almost unknown. Therefore, indoor incubation tests were performed on control and contaminated soil samples to determine the uptake and toxicity of Pb in the presence of BDE209 to the earthworm Eisenia fetida. The results have demonstrated that the presence of BDE209 facilitated the release of Pb into soil porewater. Compared with exposure to Pb alone, simultaneous exposure to BDE209 significantly enhanced the Pb uptake rate at the level of p<0.05, while decreased the depuration rate, ultimately resulting in a larger bioaccumulation factor (BAF) value. Additionally, BDE209 addition reduced the antioxidant enzymatic activities [superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD) and glutathione-s-transferase (GST)] and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC). The decline trend in antioxidant enzymatic activities and T-AOC might explain an increase in lipid peroxidation reflected by the observed augment in malondialdehyde (MDA) level. Moreover, a biomarker of the lysosomal membrane stability, measured by neutral red retention time (NRRT), was also investigated. The NRRT obviously declined in the joint presence of BDE209, indicating a distinct time-response relationship. The results of these observations have provided a basic understanding of the potential eco-toxicological effects of joint heavy metal and BDE209 exposure on terrestrial invertebrates in a multi-contamination context of ecosystems.
authors.affiliation: State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, Shanghai 200237, China; School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China. Electronic address: wzhang@ecust.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, Shanghai 200237, China; School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
authors.forename: Kou
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, Shanghai 200237, China; School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Fisheries Research Institute, Shanghai 200433, China.
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, Shanghai 200237, China; School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
authors.forename: Kuangfei
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D004347:Drug Interactions; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000378:metabolism; D055768:Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers / Q000633:toxicity*; D007700:Kinetics; D007854:Lead / Q000032:analysis / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000633:toxicity*; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000494:pharmacology; D009835:Oligochaeta / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000633:toxicity*; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D055768:Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers; D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D007854:Lead; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D002374:Catalase; D009195:Peroxidase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D005982:Glutathione Transferase; C010902:decabromobiphenyl ether
keywords: BDE209; Biomarker response; Earthworm; Pb; Uptake and depuration kinetics