title: Informed palliative care in nursing homes through the interRAI Palliative Care instrument: a study protocol based on the Medical Research Council framework.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Nursing homes are important locations for palliative care. Through comprehensive geriatric assessments (CGAs), evaluations can be made of palliative care needs of nursing home residents. The interRAI Palliative Care instrument (interRAI PC) is a CGA that evaluates diverse palliative care needs of adults in all healthcare settings. The evaluation results in Client Assessment Protocols (CAPs: indications of problems that need addressing) and Scales (e.g. Palliative Index for Mortality (PIM)) which can be used to design, evaluate and adjust care plans. This study aims to examine the effect of using the interRAI PC on the quality of palliative care in nursing homes. Additionally, it aims to evaluate the feasibility and validity of the interRAI PC.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study covers phases 0, I and II of the Medical Research Council (MRC) framework for designing and evaluating complex interventions, with a longitudinal, quasi-experimental pretest-posttest design and with mixed methods of evaluation. In phase 0, a systematic literature search is conducted. In phase I, the interRAI PC is adapted for use in Belgium and implemented on the BelRAI-website and a practical training is developed. In phase II, the intervention is tested in fifteen nursing homes. Participating nursing homes fill out the interRAI PC during one year for all residents receiving palliative care. Using a pretest-posttest design with quasi-random assignment to the intervention or control group, the effect of the interRAI PC on the quality of palliative care is evaluated with the Palliative care Outcome Scale (POS). Psychometric analysis is conducted to evaluate the predictive validity of the PIM and the convergent validity of the CAP 'Mood' of the interRAI PC. Qualitative data regarding the usability and face validity of the instrument are collected through focus groups, interviews and field notes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is the first study to evaluate the validity and effect of the interRAI PC in nursing homes, following a methodology based on the MRC framework. This approach improves the study design and implementation and will contribute to a higher generalizability of results. The final result will be a psychometrically evaluated CGA for nursing home residents receiving palliative care.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02281032. Registered October 30th, 2014.
authors.affiliation: KU Leuven - University of Leuven, LUCAS, Center for Care Research and Consultancy, Kapucijnenvoer 39/5310, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium. Kirsten.Hermans@med.kuleuven.be.
authors.forename: Kirsten
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hermans
authors.forename: Nele
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Spruytte
authors.forename: Joachim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.forename: Chantal
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Van Audenhove
authors.forename: Anja
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Declercq
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001530:Belgium; D035843:Biomedical Research / Q000379:methods*; D002985:Clinical Protocols; D015577:Geriatric Assessment / Q000379:methods*; D006707:Homes for the Aged / Q000458:organization & administration*; D006801:Humans; D009735:Nursing Homes / Q000458:organization & administration*; D010166:Palliative Care / Q000458:organization & administration*