title: Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of Marrubium alysson extracts in high cholesterol-fed rabbits.
abstract: The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of hexane (HEXA), chloroform (CHLORO), ethyl acetate (EA) and total alcoholic (T. ALCOH) extracts of Marrubium alysson in hypercholesterolemic-fed rabbits were evaluated. Hypercholesterolemia was induced in male rabbits by high cholesterol diet (HCD) (350 mg/kg) for 8 weeks. Hypercholesterolemic rabbits were allocated into groups, treated with simvastatin (SIM 5 mg/kg), different extracts of M. alysson at two doses of 250, 500 mg/kg. A normal control group and an HCD control one were used for comparison. Lipid profile, as well as oxidized low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (ox-LDL-C), myeloperoxidase activity (MPO) and superoxide anion production (O2•(-)), C-reactive protein (CRP) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) were also evaluated. In addition, histological examination of ascending aorta was performed. We found dyslipidemia associated with significant increases in ox-LDL-C 123.5 ± 9.8 nmol MDA/mg non-HDL, MPO activity 0.08 ± 0.05 U/100 mg tissue and O2•(-) production 3.5 ± 0.3 nmol cytochrome C reduced/min/g tissue × 10(-4) in hypercholerterolemic rabbits. In addition, there was a significant increase in CRP 6.6 ± 0.49 μmol/L and MCP-1 190.9 ± 6.4 pg/ml and its mRNA expression in HCD. Intima appeared thick with thick plaques surrounding the intima and luminal narrowing. SIM, EA and HEXA extracts of M. alysson had lipid lowering effect, decrease in ox-LDL-C, MPO, O2•(-), CRP and MCP-1 mRNA expression with improvement of the pathological picture. M. alysson enhanced the stability of plaque, had lipid lowering, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt.
authors.forename: Soha S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Essawy
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt.
authors.forename: Dina M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Abo-Elmatty
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
authors.forename: Nabila M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Ghazy
authors.affiliation: Department of Natural Products and Alternative Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia ; Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt.
authors.forename: Jihan M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Badr
authors.affiliation: Department of Organic Chemistry 2, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, S-21100 Lund, Sweden.
authors.forename: Olov
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Sterner
keywords: Anti-inflammatory; Antioxidant; Hypercholesterolemia; Marrubium alysson