title: Effects of rye bread enriched with green tea extract on weight maintenance and the characteristics of metabolic syndrome following weight loss: a pilot study.
abstract: We examined whether the incorporation of green tea extract enriched rye bread (GTRB) into the diet can improve weight loss (WL) maintenance and control of abnormalities linked to metabolic syndrome (MS). A total of 55 obese men and women (mean age: 53.0±7.0 years, body mass index: 35.0±5.5 kg m(-2)) were recruited. The study had a single-blind randomized study design and consisted of an 8-week WL phase with low-energy calorie diet, followed by a 12-week weight maintenance (WM) phase. During the WM phase, the subjects were randomized into two groups, receiving either the control rye bread (control group) or the GTRB (intervention group). The ingestion of 280 and 360 g GTRB provided daily totals of 123.2 and 158.4 mg caffeine, and 188.3 and 242.1 mg of epigallocatechin gallate, for women and men, respectively. After the WL phase, subjects lost 7.3±3.1 kg of their baseline body weight. GTRB intake did not significantly influence the maintenance of WL, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, triglycerides, and glucose concentrations. Although, it resulted in significant differences (mean difference [95% confidence interval]) between the treatment groups in the maintenance of waist circumference (-1.22 cm [-2.4, -0.02; P=.04]), the results were not clinically meaningful. Nevertheless, the ingestion of GTRB led to the maintenance of lower blood pressure (BP), also the proportion of subjects fulfilling the criteria of MS after the WM phase was lower in the intervention group than in the control group. Although GTRB consumption did not improve significantly the WL maintenance, it resulted in a better control of BP.
authors.affiliation: 1Department of Human Nutrition and Hygiene, Faculty of Food Sciences and Nutrition, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland.
authors.forename: Joanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bajerska
authors.affiliation: 2Institute of Food Technology of Plant Origin, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland.
authors.forename: Sylwia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mildner-Szkudlarz
authors.affiliation: 1Department of Human Nutrition and Hygiene, Faculty of Food Sciences and Nutrition, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland.|3Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Metabolic Diseases, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland.
authors.forename: Jarosław
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Walkowiak
mesh_terms: D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D015992:Body Mass Index; D000068959:Body Weight Maintenance / Q000187:drug effects*; D001939:Bread; D002110:Caffeine / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D028241:Camellia sinensis / Q000737:chemistry*; D002392:Catechin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004038:Diet, Reducing; D002523:Edible Grain; D002149:Energy Intake; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012434:Secale; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D055105:Waist Circumference / Q000187:drug effects; D015431:Weight Loss
chemical_list: D010936:Plant Extracts; D002110:Caffeine; D002392:Catechin; C045651:epigallocatechin gallate
keywords: body-weight maintenance; functional foods; green tea extract; metabolic syndrome; rye bread