title: Predictors of continued playing or singing--from childhood and adolescence to adult years.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Many individuals play an instrument or sing during childhood, but they often stop later in life. This study surveyed adults representative of the Swedish population about musical activities during childhood.
  
  
  METHODS
  We asked 3820 adults (65% women) aged from 27 to 54 from the Swedish Twin Registry, who took extra music lessons to those provided at school, to fill in a web-based questionnaire. Factors analysed were the age they started studying music, the instrument they played, kind of teaching, institution and educational content, number of lessons and perceived characteristics of the lessons, the music environment during their childhood years and their preferred music genre. All variables were dichotomised.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Factors strongly associated with continued playing or singing were male sex, young starting age, cultural family background, self-selected instrument, attending music classes and more than once a week, church-related or private education, pop, rock or classical music, playing by ear and improvisation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Several significant predictors determined whether a child continued to sing or play an instrument as an adult and many could be externally influenced, such as starting at a young age, taking music classes more than once a week, improvisation and the type of music they played.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Institute for Stress Research, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Theorell
authors.forename: A-K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Lennartsson
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Madison
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Mosing
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ullén
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009146:Music / Q000523:psychology*; D011998:Recreation / Q000523:psychology*; D063346:Singing; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013548:Sweden
keywords: Age; Family background; Music school; Sex