title: Surveillance of Echinococcus isolates from Qinghai, China.
abstract: Echinococcosis is highly endemic over large parts of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP), China. Based on a large number of samples, we present data on the current presence, host distribution, and genetic diversity of Echinococcus in the Qinghai Province, located in the northeastern corner of the QTP and constituting >25% of the area of the plateau. We used 521 samples (including 451 newly collected samples and 70 samples from our previous study) from humans, yaks, sheep, goats, dogs, fox, plateau pikas, and voles in 36 counties, and genotyped them using the mitochondrial DNA marker cytochrome oxidase subunit I (cox1) gene and the maximum parsimony and Bayesian reconstruction methods. Based on the 792 bp sequence matrix, we recorded 177 variable sites; 157 were parsimony-informative. A total of 105 haplotypes (H1-H105) were detected, of which H1-H15 and H90-H104, H16-H17, H18-H89, and H105 belonged to Echinococcus shiquicus, Echinococcus multilocularis, Echinococcus granulosus, and Echinococcus canadensis, respectively. Our results showed that, (i) the Qinghai Province was under a high burden of Echinococcus epidemiology; (ii) E. granulosus was the main echinococcosis threat to the local people, and the followed is E. multilocularis; (iii) there are a considerable number of haplotypes shared by domestic animals (sheep, yaks, and dogs) and humans, demonstrating the close relationship between human and domestic animals epidemiology; (iv) the threat of E. shiquicus on humans and livestock can be mostly ignored, while the infection risk of E. canadensis echinococcosis should not be neglected.
authors.affiliation: Qinghai Institute for Endemic Disease Prevention and Control, Xining 811602, China.
authors.forename: Junying
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Qinghai Institute for Endemic Disease Prevention and Control, Xining 811602, China.
authors.forename: Hu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, China. Electronic address: lingonghua@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Gonghua
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, China.
authors.forename: Fang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Qinghai Institute for Endemic Disease Prevention and Control, Xining 811602, China.
authors.forename: Chao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, China.
authors.forename: Tongzuo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Qinghai Institute for Endemic Disease Prevention and Control, Xining 811602, China.
authors.forename: Xiao
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Welfare Charity Hospital of Qinghai Province, Xining 810007, China.
authors.forename: Yongguo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Xining No. 2 People's Hospital of Qinghai Province, Xining 810003, China.
authors.forename: Zhibin
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Hou
authors.affiliation: Qinghai Institute for Endemic Disease Prevention and Control, Xining 811602, China.
authors.forename: Huixia
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.affiliation: Qinghai Institute for Endemic Disease Prevention and Control, Xining 811602, China.
authors.forename: Peiyun
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Qinghai Institute for Endemic Disease Prevention and Control, Xining 811602, China.
authors.forename: Yongshun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003411:Arvicolinae; D001483:Base Sequence; D001499:Bayes Theorem; D002417:Cattle; D051545:Cyclooxygenase 1 / Q000235:genetics; D018509:DNA, Helminth / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D004285:Dogs; D004443:Echinococcosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000469:parasitology; D004446:Echinococcus / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D062665:Epidemiological Monitoring; D005589:Foxes; D014644:Genetic Variation; D005838:Genotype; D006041:Goats; D006239:Haplotypes; D006801:Humans; D007793:Lagomorpha; D008322:Mammals / Q000469:parasitology*; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA / Q000662:veterinary; D012756:Sheep; D018609:Tibet / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D018509:DNA, Helminth; D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial; D051545:Cyclooxygenase 1
keywords: Cox1; Domestic animal; Echinococcus; Human; Qinghai