title: Achieving continuous manufacturing: technologies and approaches for synthesis, workup, and isolation of drug substance. May 20-21, 2014 Continuous Manufacturing Symposium.
abstract: This whitepaper highlights current challenges and opportunities associated with continuous synthesis, workup, and crystallization of active pharmaceutical ingredients (drug substances). We describe the technologies and requirements at each stage and emphasize the different considerations for developing continuous processes compared with batch. In addition to the specific sequence of operations required to deliver the necessary chemical and physical transformations for continuous drug substance manufacture, consideration is also given to how adoption of continuous technologies may impact different manufacturing stages in development from discovery, process development, through scale-up and into full scale production. The impact of continuous manufacture on drug substance quality and the associated challenges for control and for process safety are also emphasized. In addition to the technology and operational considerations necessary for the adoption of continuous manufacturing (CM), this whitepaper also addresses the cultural, as well as skills and training, challenges that will need to be met by support from organizations in order to accommodate the new work flows. Specific action items for industry leaders are: Develop flow chemistry toolboxes, exploiting the advantages of flow processing and including highly selective chemistries that allow use of simple and effective continuous workup technologies. Availability of modular or plug and play type equipment especially for workup to assist in straightforward deployment in the laboratory. As with learning from other industries, standardization is highly desirable and will require cooperation across industry and academia to develop and implement. Implement and exploit process analytical technologies (PAT) for real-time dynamic control of continuous processes. Develop modeling and simulation techniques to support continuous process development and control. Progress is required in multiphase systems such as crystallization. Involve all parts of the organization from discovery, research and development, and manufacturing in the implementation of CM. Engage with academia to develop the training provision to support the skills base for CM, particularly in flow chemistry, physical chemistry, and chemical engineering skills at the chemistry-process interface. Promote and encourage publication and dissemination of examples of CM across the sector to demonstrate capability, engage with regulatory comment, and establish benchmarks for performance and highlight challenges. Develop the economic case for CM of drug substance. This will involve various stakeholders at project and business level, however establishing the critical economic drivers is critical to driving the transformation in manufacturing.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Durham, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK.
authors.forename: Ian R
authors.initials: IR
authors.lastname: Baxendale
authors.forename: Richard D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Braatz
authors.forename: Benjamin K
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Hodnett
authors.forename: Klavs F
authors.initials: KF
authors.lastname: Jensen
authors.forename: Martin D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sharratt
authors.forename: Jon-Paul
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Sherlock
authors.forename: Alastair J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Florence
mesh_terms: D001331:Automation; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; D003299:Cooperative Behavior; D003460:Crystallization; D004345:Drug Industry / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards / Q000639:trends; D004867:Equipment Design; D006801:Humans; D033183:Interdisciplinary Communication; D015279:Organizational Culture; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000592:standards; D011786:Quality Control; D013678:Technology, Pharmaceutical / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards / Q000639:trends; D057188:Workflow
chemical_list: D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations
keywords: PAT; continuous manufacturing; crystallization; drug substance; quality; safety; skills; synthetic methods