title: Dietary intake relative to cardiovascular disease risk factors in individuals with chronic spinal cord injury: a pilot study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The relationship between cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors and dietary intake is unknown among individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the relationship between consumption of selected food groups (dairy, whole grains, fruits, vegetables, and meat) and CVD risk factors in individuals with chronic SCI.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional substudy of individuals with SCI to assess CVD risk factors and dietary intake in comparison with age-, gender-, and race-matched able-bodied individuals enrolled in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study. Dietary history, blood pressure, waist circumference (WC), fasting blood glucose, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), lipids, glucose, and insulin data were collected from 100 SCI participants who were 38 to 55 years old with SCI >1 year and compared to 100 matched control participants from the CARDIA study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Statistically significant differences between SCI and CARDIA participants were identified in WC (39.2 vs 36.2 in.; P < .001) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C; 39.2 vs 47.5 mg/dL; P < .001). Blood pressure, total cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose, insulin, and hs-CRP were similar between SCI and CARDIA participants. No significant relation between CVD risk factors and selected food groups was seen in the SCI participants.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SCI participants had adverse WC and HDL-C compared to controls. This study did not identify a relationship between consumption of selected food groups and CVD risk factors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Carolinas Medical Center , Charlotte, North Carolina.
authors.forename: Jesse
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lieberman
authors.affiliation: Colorado School of Public Health , Denver, Colorado.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Goff
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Indiana University School of Medicine , Indianapolis, Indiana.
authors.forename: Flora
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hammond
authors.affiliation: University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Division of Epidemiology and Community Health , Minneapolis, Minnesota.
authors.forename: Pamela
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Schreiner
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics, Carolinas Medical Center , Charlotte, North Carolina.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: James Norton
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine, Carolinas Medical Center , Charlotte, North Carolina.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dulin
authors.affiliation: University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Division of Epidemiology and Community Health , Minneapolis, Minnesota.
authors.forename: Xia
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Division of Epidemiology and Community Health , Minneapolis, Minnesota.
authors.forename: Lyn
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Steffen
keywords: cardiovascular disease risk factors; dietary intake; spinal cord injury