title: Enhancement of Analgesic Effect by Combination of Non-Noxious Stimulation and Noxious Stimulation in Humans.
abstract: The aim of the this study was to investigate the combined effects of heterosegmental non-noxious and noxious stimulation on electrically induced tooth pain. The late component of somatosensory-evoked potentials (SEP), induced by electrical tooth stimulation and pain intensity, were examined under electrical stimulation to forearms. Noxious, non-noxious, and combined non-noxious and noxious electrical stimulation were applied to median nerves on the forearms. Four experimental sessions (ie, control session, combined non-noxious and noxious stimulation session, non-noxious stimulation session, and noxious stimulation session were performed for each subject at each 10-minute interval for 30 minutes. The amplitudes of the SEP and VAS scores in the combined stimulation session decreased significantly compared with those in the control session and the reduction rates were 51.1% (13.4 μV) and 41.0% (23.5 mm), respectively. These results show that the combined stimulation has a more potent analgesic effect than that of either the non-noxious or the noxious stimulation. It is suggested that a potent analgesia was produced by an activated central mechanism, including endogenous opioid and descending pain inhibitory systems due to combined non-noxious and noxious stimulation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dental Anesthesiology, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, Yokohama, Japan.
authors.forename: Keiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fujii-Abe
authors.affiliation: Tokyo Tama Study Center, The Open University of Japan, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Umino
authors.affiliation: Division of Oral Health Sciences, Anesthesiology and Clinical Physiology, Department of Oral Restitution, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Haruhisa
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fukayama
authors.affiliation: Department of Dental Anesthesiology, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, Yokohama, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kawahara
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000698:Analgesia / Q000379:methods*; D004558:Electric Stimulation / Q000379:methods*; D005073:Evoked Potentials, Somatosensory / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005542:Forearm; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008475:Median Nerve; D059225:Nociception / Q000502:physiology*; D010146:Pain / Q000503:physiopathology; D059408:Pain Management / Q000379:methods*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D014070:Tooth / Q000294:innervation
keywords: analgesia; descending pain inhibitory system; diffuse noxious inhibitory control; endogenous opioid system; experimental pain; non-noxious stimulation; noxious stimulation; transcutaneous electrical stimulation