title: Laccase mediated transformation of 17β-estradiol in soil.
abstract: It is known that 17β-estradiol (E2) can be transformed by reactions mediated by some oxidoreductases such as laccase in water. Whether or how such reactions can happen in soil is however unknown although they may significantly impact the environmental fate of E2 that is introduced to soil by land application of animal wastes. We herein studied the reaction of E2 in a model soil mediated by laccase, and found that the reaction behaviors differ significantly from those in water partly because of the dramatic difference in laccase stability. We also examined E2 transformation in soil using (14)C-labeling in combination with soil organic matter extraction and size exclusion chromatography, which indicated that applied (14)C radioactivity was preferably bound to humic acids. The study provides useful information for understanding the environmental fate of E2 and for developing a novel soil remediation strategy via enzyme-enhanced humification reactions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, Griffin, GA 30223, USA.
authors.forename: Rashmi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
authors.forename: Miguel L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Cabrera
authors.affiliation: Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
authors.forename: David E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Radcliffe
authors.affiliation: Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, Griffin, GA 30223, USA.
authors.forename: Hao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, Griffin, GA 30223, USA. Electronic address: qhuang@uga.edu.
authors.forename: Qingguo
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Huang
mesh_terms: D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D004958:Estradiol / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D006812:Humic Substances / Q000032:analysis; D042845:Laccase / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D012987:Soil / Q000145:classification; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D006812:Humic Substances; D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D004958:Estradiol; D042845:Laccase
keywords: Humic acid; Humification; Laccase; Oxidative coupling