title: Identification of a plastid-localized bifunctional nerolidol/linalool synthase in relation to linalool biosynthesis in young grape berries.
abstract: Monoterpenoids are a diverse class of natural products and contribute to the important varietal aroma of certain Vitis vinifera grape cultivars. Among the typical monoterpenoids, linalool exists in almost all grape varieties. A gene coding for a nerolidol/linalool (NES/LINS) synthase was evaluated in the role of linalool biosynthesis in grape berries. Enzyme activity assay of this recombinant protein revealed that it could convert geranyl diphosphate and farnesyl diphosphate into linalool and nerolidol in vitro, respectively, and thus it was named VvRILinNer. However, localization experiment showed that this enzyme was only localized to chloroplasts, which indicates that VvRILinNer functions in the linalool production in vivo. The patterns of gene expression and linalool accumulation were analyzed in the berries of three grape cultivars ("Riesling", "Cabernet Sauvignon", "Gewurztraminer") with significantly different levels of monoterpenoids. The VvRILinNer was considered to be mainly responsible for the synthesis of linalool at the early developmental stage. This finding has provided us with new knowledge to uncover the complex monoterpene biosynthesis in grapes.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Viticulture & Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China. Zhubaoqing@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Bao-Qing
authors.initials: BQ
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Centre for Viticulture & Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China. caijian928@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.affiliation: Centre for Viticulture & Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China. zhiquncn@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Zhi-Qun
authors.initials: ZQ
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Centre for Viticulture & Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China. xuxiaoqing1988@cau.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Xiao-Qing
authors.initials: XQ
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Centre for Viticulture & Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China. chqduan@cau.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Chang-Qing
authors.initials: CQ
authors.lastname: Duan
authors.affiliation: Centre for Viticulture & Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China. panqh@cau.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Qiu-Hong
authors.initials: QH
authors.lastname: Pan
mesh_terms: D000080462:Acyclic Monoterpenes; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D005638:Fruit / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D017343:Genes, Plant; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D006836:Hydro-Lyases / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D058977:Molecular Sequence Annotation; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D039821:Monoterpenes / Q000378:metabolism*; D010802:Phylogeny; D018087:Plastids / Q000201:enzymology*; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000302:isolation & purification; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D012717:Sesquiterpenes / Q000378:metabolism*; D013347:Subcellular Fractions / Q000201:enzymology; D027843:Vitis / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development*
chemical_list: D000080462:Acyclic Monoterpenes; D039821:Monoterpenes; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D012717:Sesquiterpenes; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins; C018584:linalool; D006836:Hydro-Lyases; C092055:S-linalool synthase; C037055:nerolidol