title: [Chitosan-collagen polymer induced remineralization of tooth hard tissue through self-growing methods].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To modify biomacromolecules, such as chitosan and collagen, to synthesize a mineralized template that will induce self-growing remineralization of tooth enamel.
  
  
  METHODS
  Natural polycation polysaccharide chitosan was modified through phosphorylation to synthesize the polyanion derivative ofphosphorylated chitosan. Parent hydrogels com- bined with chitosan and collagen I were built through peptide binding reaction using genipin as a crosslinker. The gels self- assembled on the tooth's inert surface, which was stimulated by ultraviolet radiation. The bionic saliva provided mineralized ion, and then the hydroxyapatite assembled and grew in situ on the tooth.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The functional group P04(3-) (3,446 cm(-1)) was grafted on chitosan as confirmed by the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The porous polyelectrolyte complex hydrogel formed by the interaction between the polycation chitosan and the polyanion phosphorylated chitosan could induce hydroxyapatite crystal nucleation and growth on the hydrogel fiber surfaces. The neonatal crystal was hydroxyapatite as confirmed by X-ray diffraction and was tightly connected to the tooth. A continuous structure of column crystals with sizes ranging from 30 nm to 60 nm was observed. The structure was in parallel direction similar to the direction of the enamel rod, and its hardness was close to dentin.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The parent hydrogels that were easily obtained and controlled could mimic the template of the enamel mineralization and induce a self-growing hydroxyapatite, which is an important step in the structural bionics of enamel.
authors.forename: Ren
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Xun
authors.forename: Yao
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Jing
authors.forename: Du
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Qin
authors.forename: Liao
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chuhang
authors.forename: Tian
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kun
mesh_terms: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D048271:Chitosan; D003094:Collagen; D003743:Dental Enamel; D017886:Durapatite; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D000071228:Polyelectrolytes; D011108:Polymers; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D014070:Tooth; D014089:Tooth Remineralization; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D048271:Chitosan; D003094:Collagen; D017886:Durapatite; D000071228:Polyelectrolytes; D011108:Polymers