title: [Effects of daily mean temperature on respiratory hospital admissions in Shanghai: time-series analysis].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To quantitatively evaluate the effects of daily mean temperature on respiratory diseases.
  
  
  METHODS
  Based on the data of daily hospital admissions for respiratory diseases, meteorological parameters and air pollution in Shanghai between January 2006 and December 2011, we used a generalized additive model (GAM) to explore the effects of daily mean temperature on hospital admissions on respiratory diseases adjusted for the secular trend, seasonal trend, day of week and other confounders.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A J-shaped relationship was found between daily mean temperature and respiratory disease and the optimum temperature (OT) corresponding to low risk of respiratory hospital admissions was about 25 °C. For cold effects over lag 0-30 days, the overall excess risk (ER) of hospital admission associated with 1 °C below the OT was 3.00% (95% CI: 2.54%-3.45%), 3.00% (95% CI: 2.55%-3.45%) and 3.02% (95% CI:2.51%-3.49%) for overall, males and females, respectively. For hot effects over lag 0-30 days, the overall excess risk (ER) was 2.15% (95% CI: 0.67%-3.66%), 1.86% (95% CI: 0.39%-3.34%) and 2.57% (95% CI: 0.82%-4.36%) for overall, males and females, respectively. The optimum temperature between daily mean temperature and respiratory disease were 14 °C, 20 °C, 25 °C and 28 °C in different age groups. The effect of low temperature increased with age for the people above 45 years old; however the effect of high temperature was significant for the people under 65 years old.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both of higher temperature and lower temperature resulted in ER of respiratory hospital admissions increase with lag effects. The effects of lower temperature lagged longer and stronger than higher temperature. Different age group and gender shows different effects.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health & Fudan Tyndall Centre and Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
authors.forename: Yue
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Haidong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kan
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.forename: Yuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Email: wwb@fudan.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Weibing
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000397:Air Pollution; D002681:China; D003080:Cold Temperature; D005260:Female; D006760:Hospitalization; D006358:Hot Temperature; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D012140:Respiratory Tract Diseases; D012737:Sex Factors; D013696:Temperature