title: Central executive network in young people with familial risk for psychosis--the Oulu Brain and Mind Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The central executive network controls and manages high-level cognitive functions. Abnormal activation in the central executive network has been related to psychosis and schizophrenia but it is not established how this applies to people with familial risk for psychosis (FR).
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a resting-state functional MRI (R-fMRI) in 72 (29 males) young adults with a history of psychosis in one or both parents (FR) but without psychosis themselves, and 72 (29 males) similarly healthy control subjects without parental psychosis. Both groups in the Oulu Brain and Mind Study were drawn from the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1986. Participants were 20-25years old. Parental psychosis was established using the Care Register for Health Care. R-fMRI data pre-processing was conducted using independent component analysis with 30 and 70 components. A dual regression technique was used to detect between-group differences in the central executive network with p<0.05 threshold corrected for multiple comparisons.
  
  
  RESULTS
  FR participants demonstrated statistically significantly lower activity compared to control subjects in the right inferior frontal gyrus, a key area of central executive network corresponding to Brodmann areas 44 and 45, known as Broca's area. The volume of the lower activation area with 30 components was 896mm(3) and with 70 components was 1151mm(3).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The activity of the central executive network differed in the right inferior frontal gyrus between FR and control groups. This suggests that abnormality of the right inferior frontal gyrus may be a central part of vulnerability for psychosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oulu, Finland; Department of Psychiatry, Oulu University Hospital, Finland; Thule Doctoral Programme, University of Oulu, Finland. Electronic address: tuomas.jukuri@oulu.fi.
authors.forename: Tuomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Jukuri
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Oulu University Hospital, Finland.
authors.forename: Vesa
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Kiviniemi
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy, Oulu University Hospital, Finland.
authors.forename: Juha
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nikkinen
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oulu, Finland; Institute of Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Finland.
authors.forename: Jouko
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Miettunen
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oulu, Finland; Department of Psychiatry, Oulu University Hospital, Finland; Department of Psychiatry, Länsi-Pohja Healthcare District, Finland; Department of Psychiatry, the Middle Ostrobothnia Central Hospital, Kiuru, Finland; Mental Health Services, Joint Municipal Authority of Wellbeing in Raahe District, Finland; Mental Health Services, Basic Health Care District of Kallio, Finland; Visala Hospital, the Northern Ostrobothnia Hospital District, Finland.
authors.forename: Pirjo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mäki
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oulu, Finland; Department of Psychiatry, Oulu University Hospital, Finland.
authors.forename: Sari
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mukkala
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oulu, Finland; Thule Doctoral Programme, University of Oulu, Finland.
authors.forename: Jenni
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Koivukangas
authors.affiliation: Thule Doctoral Programme, University of Oulu, Finland; Institute of Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Finland.
authors.forename: Tanja
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nordström
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oulu, Finland.
authors.forename: Juha
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Parkkisenniemi
authors.affiliation: Thule Doctoral Programme, University of Oulu, Finland; Clinic of Child Psychiatry, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Finland.
authors.forename: Irma
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Moilanen
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, UK; Cambridge Cognition, Cambridge, UK.
authors.forename: Jennifer H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Barnett
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, UK.
authors.forename: Peter B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, UK.
authors.forename: Graham K
authors.initials: GK
authors.lastname: Murray
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oulu, Finland; Department of Psychiatry, Oulu University Hospital, Finland; Thule Doctoral Programme, University of Oulu, Finland.
authors.forename: Juha
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Veijola
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001921:Brain / Q000098:blood supply*; D001931:Brain Mapping; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology / Q000523:psychology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D056344:Executive Function / Q000502:physiology*; D005192:Family Health; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology*; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000473:pathology; D012565:Schizophrenic Psychology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D010100:Oxygen
keywords: CEN; Genetic; Psychosis; R-fMRI; Resting state; Schizophrenia; rIFG