title: Antimicrobial susceptibility and genotyping analysis of Hungarian Neisseria gonorrhoeae strains in 2013.
abstract: Emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae is a major public health concern worldwide. The current study aims to determine the antimicrobial resistance in N. gonorrhoeae and associated molecular typing to enhance gonococcal antimicrobial surveillance in Hungary. In the National N. gonorrhoeae Reference Laboratory of Hungary 187 N. gonorrhoeae infections were detected in 2013, antibiograms were determined for all the isolated strains, and 52 (one index strain from every sexually contact related group) of them were also analysed by the N. gonorrhoeae multi-antigen sequence typing (NG-MAST) method. Twenty-two different NG-MAST sequence types (STs) were identified, of which 8 STs had not been previously described. In Hungary, the highly diversified gonococcal population displayed high resistance to penicillin, ciprofloxacin and tetracycline (the antimicrobials previously recommended for gonorrhoea treatment). Resistance to the currently recommended extended spectrum cephalosporines were rare: only two of the expected strains, an ST 1407 and an ST 210, had cefixime MIC above the resistance breakpoint. By the revision of our National Treatment Guideline, it must be considered, that the azithromycin resistance is about 60% among the four most frequently isolated STs in Hungary.
authors.affiliation: Semmelweis University Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Dermatooncology Budapest Hungary.
authors.forename: Éva
authors.initials: É
authors.lastname: Nemes-Nikodém
authors.affiliation: Semmelweis University Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Dermatooncology Budapest Hungary.
authors.forename: Alexandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Brunner
authors.affiliation: Semmelweis University Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Dermatooncology Budapest Hungary.
authors.forename: Dóra
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pintér
authors.affiliation: Semmelweis University Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Dermatooncology Budapest Hungary.
authors.forename: Noémi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mihalik
authors.affiliation: Hungarian Defence Forces Research Institute of Military Health Centre Budapest Hungary.
authors.forename: György
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lengyel
authors.affiliation: Semmelweis University Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Dermatooncology Budapest Hungary.
authors.forename: Márta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Marschalkó
authors.affiliation: Semmelweis University Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Dermatooncology Budapest Hungary.
authors.forename: Sarolta
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kárpáti
authors.affiliation: Semmelweis University Institute of Medical Microbiology Budapest Hungary.
authors.forename: Dóra
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Szabó
authors.affiliation: Semmelweis University Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Dermatooncology Budapest Hungary Semmelweis University Institute of Medical Microbiology Budapest Hungary.
authors.forename: Eszter
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ostorházi
mesh_terms: D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D006814:Hungary; D008297:Male; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D009344:Neisseria gonorrhoeae / Q000145:classification / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics; D013997:Time Factors
keywords: Hungary; Neisseria gonorrhoeae; antimicrobial susceptibility; sequence typing