title: Randomised controlled trial on the effectiveness of home-based walking exercise on anxiety, depression and cancer-related symptoms in patients with lung cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although exercise has been addressed as an adjuvant treatment for anxiety, depression and cancer-related symptoms, limited studies have evaluated the effectiveness of exercise in patients with lung cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  We recruited 116 patients from a medical centre in northern Taiwan, and randomly assigned them to either a walking-exercise group (n=58) or a usual-care group (n=58). We conducted a 12-week exercise programme that comprised home-based, moderate-intensity walking for 40 min per day, 3 days per week, and weekly exercise counselling. The outcome measures included the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and the Taiwanese version of the MD Anderson Symptom Inventory.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We analysed the effects of the exercise programme on anxiety, depression and cancer-related symptoms by using a generalised estimating equation method. The exercise group patients exhibited significant improvements in their anxiety levels over time (P=0.009 and 0.006 in the third and sixth months, respectively) and depression (P=0.00006 and 0.004 in the third and sixth months, respectively) than did the usual-care group patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The home-based walking exercise programme is a feasible and effective intervention method for managing anxiety and depression in lung cancer survivors and can be considered as an essential component of lung cancer rehabilitation.
authors.affiliation: 1] Graduate Institute of Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan [2] School of Nursing, College of Nursing, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: H-M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: 1] Chest Department, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan [2] School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: C-M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.affiliation: 1] School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan [2] Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Y-C
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Care Management, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: K-C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing Street, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
authors.forename: C-C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Lin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001007:Anxiety / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy*; D003863:Depression / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy*; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013624:Taiwan; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D016138:Walking