title: Relation of plasma PCSK9 levels to lipoprotein subfractions in patients with stable coronary artery disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Plasma PCSK9 levels was positively associated with low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (LDL-C) and atherosclerosis, while PCSK9 may also be implicated in the metabolism of lipoprotein subfractions. The study was to examine the association of plasma PCSK9 with lipoprotein subfractions in patients with stable coronary artery disease (CAD).
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 281 consecutive, stable CAD patients who were not treated with lipid-lowering drugs were enrolled. The baseline clinical characteristics were collected, the plasma PCSK9 levels were determined using ELISA, and the LDL and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) subfractions were analyzed by Lipoprint System. The association of plasma PCSK9 levels with the lipoprotein subfractions was investigated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the overall population, plasma PCSK9 levels were positively associated with the concentration of LDL-C, intermediate LDL-C, small LDL-C, and LDL score, while negatively correlated with mean LDL particle size. PCSK9 levels were positively associated with the concentration of HDL-C, intermediate HDL-C and small HDL-C. Multivariable regression analysis revealed that the plasma PCSK9 levels were significantly and independently associated with the concentration of intermediate LDL-C (β=0.152, p=0.013), small LDL-C (β=0.179, p=0.004), LDL score (β=0.121, p=0.043), and mean LDL particle size (β=-0.130, p=0.035), while not HDL subfractions. Interestingly, when investigated in male and female patients separately, these relationships were only found in male but not in female, and the small HDL-C exhibited an association with PCSK9 levels in male patients (β=0.149, p=0.045).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PCSK9 levels were independently associated with the changes of lipoprotein subfractions, suggesting a potential interaction between PCSK9 and lipoprotein subfractions in CAD.
authors.forename: Rui-Xia
authors.initials: RX
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Sha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Xiao-Lin
authors.initials: XL
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Yuan-Lin
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Cheng-Gang
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Division of Dyslipidemia, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fu Wai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China. lijianjun938@126.com.
authors.forename: Jian-Jun
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood*; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000097:blood* / Q000201:enzymology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D000071449:Proprotein Convertase 9; D043484:Proprotein Convertases / Q000097:blood*; D012697:Serine Endopeptidases / Q000097:blood*; D012727:Sex Characteristics
chemical_list: D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; C472125:PCSK9 protein, human; D000071449:Proprotein Convertase 9; D043484:Proprotein Convertases; D012697:Serine Endopeptidases