title: Inhibitors of angiogenesis: ready for prime time?
abstract: Angiogenesis plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Therefore, targeting neovascularization in RA may hold great therapeutic potential. Several mediating factors are involved in synovial angiogenesis, including growth factors, cytokines, chemokines, adhesion molecules, and matrix-remodeling enzymes. This review aims to summarize the current understanding of these contributing factors in RA, as well as to describe both the preclinical and clinical studies in which these factors are targeted in an attempt to ameliorate the symptoms associated with RA. In addition, we highlight methods to monitor synovial angiogenesis in patients and discuss possible future therapeutic approaches in RA, including the combination of existing immunosuppressive antirheumatic therapies and anti-angiogenic treatments to potentially maximize efficacy with limited toxicity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Immunology & Rheumatology, Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Laboratory for Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Chrissta X
authors.initials: CX
authors.lastname: Maracle
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Immunology & Rheumatology, Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Laboratory for Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Electronic address: S.W.Tas@amc.uva.nl.
authors.forename: Sander W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Tas
mesh_terms: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018501:Antirheumatic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors; D018501:Antirheumatic Agents
keywords: Angiogenesis; Chemokines; Cytokines; Inflammation; Inhibition; Integrins; Nuclear factor-κB; Rheumatoid arthritis; VEGF