title: Causes and consequences of microsatellite instability in gastric carcinogenesis.
abstract: Loss of DNA mismatch repair (MMR) function, due to somatic or germline epi/genetic alterations of MMR genes leads to the accumulation of numerous mutations across the genome, creating a molecular phenotype known as microsatellite instability (MSI). In gastric cancer (GC), MSI occurs in about 15% to 30% of the cases. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the molecular mechanisms underlying the acquisition of MSI in GC as well as on the clinic, pathologic and molecular consequences of the MSI phenotype. Additionally, current therapeutic strategies for GC and their applicability in the MSI subset are also discussed.
authors.affiliation: Sérgia Velho, Maria Sofia Fernandes, Marina Leite, Ceu Figueiredo, Raquel Seruca, IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: Sérgia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Velho
authors.affiliation: Sérgia Velho, Maria Sofia Fernandes, Marina Leite, Ceu Figueiredo, Raquel Seruca, IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: Maria Sofia
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Fernandes
authors.affiliation: Sérgia Velho, Maria Sofia Fernandes, Marina Leite, Ceu Figueiredo, Raquel Seruca, IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: Marina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Leite
authors.affiliation: Sérgia Velho, Maria Sofia Fernandes, Marina Leite, Ceu Figueiredo, Raquel Seruca, IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: Ceu
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Figueiredo
authors.affiliation: Sérgia Velho, Maria Sofia Fernandes, Marina Leite, Ceu Figueiredo, Raquel Seruca, IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: Raquel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Seruca
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000235:genetics*; D002471:Cell Transformation, Neoplastic / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D053843:DNA Mismatch Repair / Q000235:genetics; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D016481:Helicobacter Infections / Q000382:microbiology; D016480:Helicobacter pylori / Q000472:pathogenicity; D006801:Humans; D053842:Microsatellite Instability; D009154:Mutation; D010641:Phenotype; D011379:Prognosis; D012307:Risk Factors; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor
keywords: Gastric cancer; Helicobacter pylori; Microsatellite instability; Mismatch repair genes; Oncogenes