title: INHBA overexpression indicates poor prognosis in urothelial carcinoma of urinary bladder and upper tract.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Urothelial carcinoma (UC) originating from the bladder (UBUC) and upper urinary tract (UTUC) is the most common type of urinary tract tumor. While its pathogenesis remains obscured. Computerizing a published transcriptomic database of UBUC (GSE31684), we identified Inhibin, Beta A (INHBA) as the most significant upregulated gene associated with tumor progression among those associated with growth factor activity (GO:0008083). We therefore analyzed the clinicopathological significance of INHBA expression in UC.
  
  
  METHODS
  QuantiGene assay was used to detect INHBA transcript level in 36 UTUCs and 30 UBUCs. Immunohistochemistry evaluated by H-score was used to determine INHBA protein expression in 340 UTUCs and 296 UBUCs. INHBA expression was correlated with clinicopathological features and disease-specific survival (DSS) and metastasis-free survival (MeFS).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Increments of INHBA transcript level was associated with higher pT status in both UTUC and UBUC. INHBA protein overexpression was significantly associated with advanced clinicopathological features in both groups of UC. INHBA overexpression significantly implied inferior DSS (UTUC, P = 0.002; UBUC, P = 0.005) and MeFS (UTUC and UBUC, both P < 0.001) in multivariate analysis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  INHBA overexpression implies adverse clinical outcomes for UC, justifying it is a potential prognostic biomarker and a novel therapeutic target in UC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Hsiang-Ying
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Ching-Chia
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Chun-Nung
authors.initials: CN
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Wei-Ming
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Hsin-Chih
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Yeh
authors.forename: Hung-Lung
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Ke
authors.forename: Kai-Fu
authors.initials: KF
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Peir-In
authors.initials: PI
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.forename: Chien-Feng
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Wen-Jeng
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Wu
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000378:metabolism / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D028322:Inhibin-beta Subunits / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D008938:Mitosis; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D011379:Prognosis; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D015854:Up-Regulation; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D014571:Urologic Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D019459:Urothelium / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D012333:RNA, Messenger; C103008:inhibin beta A subunit; D028322:Inhibin-beta Subunits
keywords: INHBA; prognosis; transcriptome; urothelial carcinoma