title: Reduced Myeloid-derived Suppressor Cells in the Blood and Endometrium is Associated with Early Miscarriage.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The contribution of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) in patients suffering from early or recurrent miscarriage is unknown. MDSC are implicated in modulation of T-cell response in healthy pregnancies; however, the role of MDSC in patients suffering from miscarriage has not been studied. We hypothesized that MDSC play major role in inducing maternal-fetal tolerance and this tolerance is compromised in patients suffering from miscarriage.
  
  
  METHODS
  MDSC level was assessed by flow cytometry and immunostaining in blood and endometrial decidua, respectively. Activation of T cells was determined by MTT proliferation and IL-2 ELISA assays.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The miscarriage patients harbor reduced level of functionally suppressive MDSC in blood and endometrium as compared to healthy control women with successful pregnancies. These results suggest MDSC regulate maternal tolerance in healthy pregnancies and that drug inducing MDSC could have therapeutic implication in the miscarriage patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular & Human Genetics, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India.
authors.forename: Rohini R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Nair
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Pratima
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sinha
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India.
authors.forename: Anuradha
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Khanna
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular & Human Genetics, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India.
authors.forename: Kiran
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Singh
mesh_terms: D000022:Abortion, Spontaneous / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D000328:Adult; D003656:Decidua / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006801:Humans; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D022423:Myeloid Cells / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D011247:Pregnancy; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: C508594:IL2 protein, human; D007376:Interleukin-2
keywords: Early miscarriage; myeloid-derived suppressor cells; pregnancy; recurrent miscarriage