title: [The role of urinary markers in the assessment and follow-up of lower urinary tract disorders: a literature review].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To conduct a literature review on the role of urinary biomarkers in the initial assessment and follow-up of lower urinary tract symptoms.
  
  
  METHODS
  A literature review was conducted in August 2014 using the Medline/Pubmed database limiting the search to work in English or French.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Most studies were of level of evidence 2 or 3 (prospective cohort, controlled or not) and mainly about overactive bladder and bladder pain syndrome. Nerve Growth Factor (NGF) was the most studied and apparently the most promising in the evaluation of overactive bladder (OAB) and neurogenic detrusor overactivity (NDO). Urinary levels of ATP, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) and some cytokines were also significantly higher in most studies in patients with NDO or OAB. Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF), Heparin-Binding EGF (HBEGF) and Antiproliferative Factor (APF) were the most studied urinary markers in bladder pain syndrome, with a significant increase (EGF APF) or decrease (HBEGF) in cases of interstitial cystitis (compared to healthy controls). The urinary N-terminal-telopeptide (NTx) could be predictive of a failed mid-urethral sling. However, few studies reported the diagnostic values of the markers, their association with urodynamic parameters were rarely evaluated and the existence of a publication bias is likely. No randomized controlled study has so far compared the urinary markers to urodynamic evaluation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the future, urinary markers could complete or replace urodynamic examination. However, to date, there is no high level of evidence study comparing these markers to urodynamics and their use can therefore not be recommended in daily practice.
authors.affiliation: Service d'urologie, CHU de Rennes, 2, rue Henri-Le-Guilloux, 35000 Rennes, France; Centre de référence maladies rares spina bifida, CHU de Rennes, 2, rue Henri-Le-Guilloux, 35000 Rennes, France; Département d'urologie, transplantation rénale et andrologie, CHU Rangueil, TSA50032, 31059 Toulouse, France. Electronic address: peyronnetbenoit@hotmail.fr.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Peyronnet
authors.affiliation: Service de biochimie, CHU de Rennes, 2, rue Henri-Le-Guilloux, 35000 Rennes, France.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bendavid
authors.affiliation: Service d'urologie, CHU de Rennes, 2, rue Henri-Le-Guilloux, 35000 Rennes, France; Centre de référence maladies rares spina bifida, CHU de Rennes, 2, rue Henri-Le-Guilloux, 35000 Rennes, France.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Manunta
authors.affiliation: Centre de référence maladies rares spina bifida, CHU de Rennes, 2, rue Henri-Le-Guilloux, 35000 Rennes, France; Service de médecine physique et rééducation, CHU de Rennes, 2, rue Henri-Le-Guilloux, 35000 Rennes, France.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Damphousse
authors.affiliation: Centre de référence maladies rares spina bifida, CHU de Rennes, 2, rue Henri-Le-Guilloux, 35000 Rennes, France; Service de médecine physique et rééducation, CHU de Rennes, 2, rue Henri-Le-Guilloux, 35000 Rennes, France.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cheensse
authors.affiliation: Centre de référence maladies rares spina bifida, CHU de Rennes, 2, rue Henri-Le-Guilloux, 35000 Rennes, France; Service de gastro-entérologie, CHU de Rennes, 2, rue Henri-Le-Guilloux, 35000 Rennes, France.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Brochard
authors.affiliation: Service de médecine physique et rééducation, CHU de Toulouse, 1, avenue du Professeur-Jean-Poulhes, 31400 Toulouse, France.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Castel-Lacanal
authors.affiliation: Centre de référence maladies rares spina bifida, CHU de Rennes, 2, rue Henri-Le-Guilloux, 35000 Rennes, France; Service de gastro-entérologie, CHU de Rennes, 2, rue Henri-Le-Guilloux, 35000 Rennes, France.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Siproudhis
authors.affiliation: Service d'urologie, CHU de Rennes, 2, rue Henri-Le-Guilloux, 35000 Rennes, France.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bensalah
authors.affiliation: Département d'urologie, transplantation rénale et andrologie, CHU Rangueil, TSA50032, 31059 Toulouse, France.
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Gamé
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000652:urine; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D059411:Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000652:urine*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers
keywords: Biomarkers; Biomarqueurs; Detrusor overactivity; Hyperactivité détrusorienne; Hyperactivité vésicale; Nerve Growth Factor (NGF); Overactive bladder; Urinaire; Urinary; Urodynamics; Urodynamique