title: Identification and characterization of rhizospheric microbial diversity by 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing.
abstract: In the present study, samples of rhizosphere and root nodules were collected from different areas of Pakistan to isolate plant growth promoting rhizobacteria. Identification of bacterial isolates was made by 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis and taxonomical confirmation on EzTaxon Server. The identified bacterial strains were belonged to 5 genera i.e. Ensifer, Bacillus, Pseudomona, Leclercia and Rhizobium. Phylogenetic analysis inferred from 16S rRNA gene sequences showed the evolutionary relationship of bacterial strains with the respective genera. Based on phylogenetic analysis, some candidate novel species were also identified. The bacterial strains were also characterized for morphological, physiological, biochemical tests and glucose dehydrogenase (gdh) gene that involved in the phosphate solublization using cofactor pyrroloquinolone quinone (PQQ). Seven rhizoshperic and 3 root nodulating stains are positive for gdh gene. Furthermore, this study confirms a novel association between microbes and their hosts like field grown crops, leguminous and non-leguminous plants. It was concluded that a diverse group of bacterial population exist in the rhizosphere and root nodules that might be useful in evaluating the mechanisms behind plant microbial interactions and strains QAU-63 and QAU-68 have sequence similarity of 97 and 95% which might be declared as novel after further taxonomic characterization.
authors.affiliation: Plant Genomics Laboratory Department of Plant Sciences Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad Pakistan Plant Genomics Laboratory, Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Muhammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Naveed
authors.affiliation: Plant Genomics Laboratory Department of Plant Sciences Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad Pakistan Plant Genomics Laboratory, Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Samavia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mubeen
authors.affiliation: Plant Genomics Laboratory Department of Plant Sciences Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad Pakistan Plant Genomics Laboratory, Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
authors.forename: SamiUllah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Genomics & Advanced Biotechnology National Agricultural Research Centre Islamabad Pakistan National Institute for Genomics & Advanced Biotechnology, National Agricultural Research Centre, Islamabad, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Iftikhar
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ahmed
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences The University of Tokyo Yayoi, Bunkyo-kuTokyo Japan Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Nauman
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Khalid
authors.affiliation: School of Agriculture and Food Sciences The University of Queensland Brisbane Australia School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
authors.forename: Hafiz Ansar Rasul
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Suleria
authors.affiliation: Plant Genomics Laboratory Department of Plant Sciences Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad Pakistan Plant Genomics Laboratory, Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Asghari
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bano
authors.affiliation: Plant Genomics Laboratory Department of Plant Sciences Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad Pakistan Plant Genomics Laboratory, Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Abdul Samad
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Mumtaz
mesh_terms: D001419:Bacteria / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D015373:Bacterial Typing Techniques; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D003600:Cytosol / Q000737:chemistry; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D005796:Genes; D042843:Glucose 1-Dehydrogenase / Q000235:genetics; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010154:Pakistan; D010802:Phylogeny; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000382:microbiology*; D010944:Plants; D011809:Quinones / Q000032:analysis; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics; D058441:Rhizosphere; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D012988:Soil Microbiology
chemical_list: D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal; D011809:Quinones; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; D042843:Glucose 1-Dehydrogenase
keywords: 16S rRNA gene sequence; glucose dehydrogenase; pyrroloquinolone quinone; rhizosphere; root nodules