title: Lipoteichoic acid from Lactobacillus plantarum inhibits Pam2CSK4-induced IL-8 production in human intestinal epithelial cells.
abstract: Lactobacilli are probiotic bacteria that are considered to be beneficial in the gastrointestinal tract of humans. Although lactobacilli are well known to alleviate intestinal inflammation, the molecular basis of this phenomenon is poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the effect of Lactobacillus plantarum lipoteichoic acid (Lp.LTA), which is a major cell wall component of this species, on the production of interleukin (IL)-8 in human intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cells. Treatment with Pam2CSK4, a synthetic lipopeptide that is known to mimic Gram-positive bacterial lipoproteins as an important virulence factor, significantly induced IL-8 expression in Caco-2 cells. However, neither heat-inactivated L. plantarum nor L. plantarum peptidoglycan inhibited Pam2CSK4-induced IL-8 mRNA expression. In addition, both a deacylated form and a dealanylated form of Lp.LTA failed to inhibit Pam2CSK4-induced IL-8 expression, indicating that the lipid and D-alanine moieties are critical for Lp.LTA-mediated inhibition. Moreover, Lp.LTA inhibited Pam2CSK4-induced activation of p38 kinase, JNK, and NF-κB transcription factor by suppressing toll-like receptor 2 activation. Collectively, these results suggest that Lp.LTA exerts anti-inflammatory effects on human intestinal epithelial cells by blocking IL-8 production.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, DRI, and BK21 Plus Program, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 110-749, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Su Young
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Noh
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, DRI, and BK21 Plus Program, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 110-749, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Seok-Seong
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Cheol-Heui
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Yun
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, DRI, and BK21 Plus Program, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 110-749, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: shhan-mi@snu.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Seung Hyun
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Han
mesh_terms: D000409:Alanine / Q000737:chemistry; D018938:Caco-2 Cells; D020895:Enterocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D048191:Lactiplantibacillus plantarum / Q000737:chemistry*; D055666:Lipopeptides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D010457:Peptidoglycan / Q000494:pharmacology; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D013682:Teichoic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051195:Toll-Like Receptor 2 / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D016209:Interleukin-8; D055666:Lipopeptides; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; C560312:Pam2CSK4 lipopeptide; D010457:Peptidoglycan; D013682:Teichoic Acids; D051195:Toll-Like Receptor 2; C009900:lipoteichoic acid; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D000409:Alanine
keywords: Interleukin-8; Intestinal epithelial cells; Lactobacillus plantarum; Lipoteichoic acid; Pam2CSK4