title: Play with objects in young males with fragile X syndrome: a preliminary study.
abstract: Using the Developmental Play Assessment, this preliminary study described the categories and levels of play with objects produced by 10 young boys with diagnoses of full mutation fragile X syndrome, the leading inherited cause of intellectual disability. Additionally, the study examined concurrent associations between child characteristics and three different summary level variables representing object play skills. Presentation Combinations (i.e., recreating structured configurations of objects) was the highest play level emerging or mastered for all participants. The number of toys touched during the play sample, an index of object interest, was positively related to standardized measures of receptive and expressive language while the number of different actions produced, an index of play diversity, was negatively related to autism symptom severity. Both variables were significantly related to the number of nonverbal communication acts children produced while interacting with their mothers in play. Clinical implications and future directions are discussed.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Readers will be able to: (1) define a framework for categorizing developmental levels of play; (2) discuss the constructs represented by three different summary level metrics of play with objects; (3) describe the relationship between object-play skills and child characteristics for young males with FXS.
authors.affiliation: MIND Institute, University of California Davis, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences. Electronic address: andrea.mcduffie@ucdmc.ucdavis.edu.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: McDuffie
authors.affiliation: MIND Institute, University of California Davis, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences.
authors.forename: Ashley
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Oakes
authors.affiliation: Department of Special Education and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Oregon.
authors.forename: Wendy
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Machalicek
authors.affiliation: MIND Institute, University of California Davis, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences.
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Thurman
authors.affiliation: MIND Institute, University of California Davis, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences.
authors.forename: Stephanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Summers
authors.affiliation: MIND Institute, University of California Davis, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences.
authors.forename: Alex
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Stewart
authors.affiliation: MIND Institute, University of California Davis, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences.
authors.forename: Leonard
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Abbeduto
mesh_terms: D002675:Child, Preschool; D003142:Communication; D005600:Fragile X Syndrome / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010988:Play and Playthings / Q000523:psychology*
keywords: Developmental disabilities; Fragile X syndrome; Language disorders; Play