title: Comparison of insulin resistance in the various stages of chronic kidney disease and inflammation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In this study, we compared predialysis and dialysis patients with the controls in terms of insulin resistance and evaluated the association with inflammation that is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 134 non-diabetic patients with controls (n=33), predialysis (n=29) and dialysis patient group (n=72) were included in the study. Fasting blood glucose, insulin, C-peptide, albumin, CRP (C-reactive protein) and homocysteine plasma levels were simultaneously analyzed in all the patients. HOMA-IR index was calculated to show existence of insulin resistance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean insulin and HOMA-IR index values were found to be higher in the predialysis and dialysis patient groups than in the control group (p=0.019, p=0.014; respectively). When three groups were compared in terms of C-peptide levels; these values were found to be statistically significantly higher in the predialysis patients than in controls (p=0.017) and in the dialysis group than in the predialysis patients and controls (p=0.0001, p=0.0001; respectively). CRP and homocysteine levels were found to be statistically higher (p=0.0001, p=0.0001; respectively), while albumin levels were significantly lower (p=0.0001) in the dialysis patient group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In our study, we demonstrated that insulin resistance was higher in patients in the various stages of chronic kidney disease compared to healthy population. We found that insulin resistance, C-peptid and inflammation related cardiovascular risk factors increased.
authors.affiliation: Nephrology Unıt, Bakırköy Dr. Sadi Konuk Training and Research Hospital , Istanbul , Turkey .
authors.forename: Nilgül
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Akalın
authors.forename: Mehmet
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Köroğlu
authors.forename: Özlem
authors.initials: Ö
authors.lastname: Harmankaya
authors.forename: Hatice
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Akay
authors.forename: Baki
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kumbasar
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis*; D002096:C-Peptide / Q000097:blood*; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006710:Homocysteine / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood / Q000503:physiopathology; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood*; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D007677:Kidney Function Tests / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D012307:Risk Factors; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D014421:Turkey / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D001786:Blood Glucose; D002096:C-Peptide; D007328:Insulin; D006710:Homocysteine; D002097:C-Reactive Protein
keywords: Chronic kidney disease; inflammation; insulin resistance