title: Topical cidofovir-induced acute kidney injury in two severely immunocompromised patients with refractory multidrug-resistant herpes simplex virus infections.
abstract: Cidofovir, a nucleoside analog of deoxycytidine monophosphate, is a water-soluble polar molecule that exhibits antiviral activity against a broad range of DNA viruses. Cidofovir for injection is approved for the treatment of cytomegalovirus retinitis in patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome. The safety and efficacy of topical cidofovir has been described in a limited number of patients. We present two cases of multidrug-resistant herpes simplex virus infections that responded to topical cidofovir therapy yet resulted in irreversible acute kidney injury.
authors.affiliation: UC San Diego Skaggs School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, La Jolla, CA, USA (At the time of submission, Ila M Saunders was a Clinical Pharmacy Specialist in the Division of Pharmacy at The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA) isaunders@ucsd.edu.
authors.forename: Ila M
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Saunders
authors.affiliation: Department of General Internal Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Amit
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lahoti
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases, Infection Control, and Employee Health, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Roy F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Chemaly
authors.affiliation: Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Cynthia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Trevino
authors.affiliation: Division of Pharmacy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Westmoreland
authors.affiliation: Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Chitra
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hosing
mesh_terms: D058186:Acute Kidney Injury / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology; D000287:Administration, Topical; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000077404:Cidofovir; D003596:Cytosine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D024921:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Viral / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D006561:Herpes Simplex / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D016867:Immunocompromised Host / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D063065:Organophosphonates / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; D063065:Organophosphonates; D003596:Cytosine; D000077404:Cidofovir
keywords: Topical cidofovir; acute kidney injury; herpes simplex virus; immmunocompromised