title: [1:2 matched case-control study on the risk factors related to congenital heart disease during the peri-conceptional period].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore the possible risk factors during the periconceptional period relevant on the occurrence of congenital heart diseases (CHD) in the offspring.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 1:2 matched case-control study was designed. From January 2012 to January 2014 in a district from Wuhan city, HuBei province, children were proved by MCH institutions through the "free screening for congenital heart disease" program. Cases with CHD were screened out by conventional auscultation, echocardiography figure and confirmed by physicians from the high-level hospitals. According to age, gender, community paired healthy children were chosen as controls. EpiData 3.1 software was used to input data, using SPSS 11.5 software to analyze the possible risk factors under simple and multiple factors logistic regression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Information from parents of 138 cases and 276 controls was collected. 27 major factors from the conditional logistic regression analysis showed that factors as:mental stress during early pregnancy, calcium supplement in the early stage of pregnancy, pregnancy malnutrition, having histories of abnormal childbearing, women with multiparous experiences and residence nearby sources of pollution (enterprises) etc. were associated with the incidence of congenital heart disease in the offspring. Data from the multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that factors as:mental stress during early pregnancy (HR = 3.35, 95%CI: 1.28-8.79), pregnancy malnutrition during pregnancy (HR = 1.50, 95% CI:1.10-2.03) and with abnormal childbearing history (HR = 1.62, 95% CI:1.03-2.57) were risk factors. However, calcium supplement during early pregnancy (HR = 0.40, 95% CI:0.25-0.65) could reduce the risk of CHD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The occurrence of CHD might be related to factors as:mental stress during early pregnancy, calcium supplement during early pregnancy, pregnancy malnutrition and having histories of abnormal childbearing. Peri-conceptional care should be strengthened to reduce the incidence of congenital heart disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Maternal and Child Health Care, School of Public Health, Tongji College of Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
authors.forename: Xia
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Maternal and Child Health Care, School of Public Health, Tongji College of Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
authors.forename: Shengnan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology Surgery, Wuhan Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology.
authors.forename: Yin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Maternal and Child Health Care, School of Public Health, Tongji College of Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
authors.forename: Jianmin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Maternal and Child Health Care, School of Public Health, Tongji College of Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
authors.forename: Ziyu
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Ling
authors.affiliation: Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Wuhan Jianghan District.
authors.forename: Changwen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ji
authors.affiliation: Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Wuhan Jianghan District.
authors.forename: Qingkai
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Maternal and Child Health Care, School of Public Health, Tongji College of Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
authors.forename: Senbei
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Maternal and Child Health Care, School of Public Health, Tongji College of Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China. Email: fyebzj@126.com.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang