title: Echographic study of extraocular muscle thickness in normal Indian population.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To establish normative data of extraocular muscle (EOM) dimensions, both vertically and horizontally, using a reproducible echographic method in various age groups.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two hundred eyes of 100 healthy subjects (50 males and rest females) were included in this prospective observational study. All subjects were divided into 5 groups with an interval of 10 years from 10 to 60 years. Each group contained 10 male and 10 female healthy subjects. A single operator took measurements at 4 mm distance from the globe plane after drawing a perpendicular line on the globe to the muscle belly.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The average age of subjects was 37.28 ± 17.14 years. Intraobserver reproducibility was very high (intersession concordance correlation co-efficient = 0.995). Mean horizontal and vertical diameters of recti were 3.0775 and 8.26 mm, respectively. Mean muscle thickness of superior rectus/levator palpebral superioris (LPS) muscle complex and LPS was 4.56 and 1.45 mm, respectively. Extraocular muscle diameter increases up to the middle age, then it starts decreasing. There was no statistically significant correlation between diameter of each EOM, both eye and gender (p ⩾ 0.05). There was a non-significant change in extraocular muscle thickness with age.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study provides normative data for extraocular muscle thickness in both genders of various age groups in Indian population. Muscle dimensions do not change significantly with age, between the eyes and gender.
authors.affiliation: Smt. Kanuri Santhamma Retina Vitreous Centre, L.V. Prasad Eye Institute, Kallam Anji Reddy Campus, L.V. Prasad Marg, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad 500 034, India.
authors.forename: Priyangshu
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chandra
authors.affiliation: Smt. Kanuri Santhamma Retina Vitreous Centre, L.V. Prasad Eye Institute, Kallam Anji Reddy Campus, L.V. Prasad Marg, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad 500 034, India.
authors.forename: Aditya
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sudhalkar
authors.affiliation: Smt. Kanuri Santhamma Retina Vitreous Centre, L.V. Prasad Eye Institute, Kallam Anji Reddy Campus, L.V. Prasad Marg, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad 500 034, India.
authors.forename: Subhadra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jalali
authors.affiliation: Smt. Kanuri Santhamma Retina Vitreous Centre, L.V. Prasad Eye Institute, Kallam Anji Reddy Campus, L.V. Prasad Marg, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad 500 034, India.
authors.forename: Veerendranath
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Pesala
authors.affiliation: Smt. Kanuri Santhamma Retina Vitreous Centre, L.V. Prasad Eye Institute, Kallam Anji Reddy Campus, L.V. Prasad Marg, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad 500 034, India.
authors.forename: Raja
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Narayanan
authors.affiliation: Smt. Kanuri Santhamma Retina Vitreous Centre, L.V. Prasad Eye Institute, Kallam Anji Reddy Campus, L.V. Prasad Marg, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad 500 034, India.
authors.forename: Chinmaya
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sahu
authors.affiliation: Smt. Kanuri Santhamma Retina Vitreous Centre, L.V. Prasad Eye Institute, Kallam Anji Reddy Campus, L.V. Prasad Marg, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad 500 034, India.
authors.forename: Jay
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chhablani
keywords: EOM; Extraocular muscle; Grave’s ophthalmopathy