title: Real-time ArcGIS and heterotrophic plate count based chloramine disinfectant control in water distribution system.
abstract: This study investigates the effect of chloramine residual on bacteria growth and regrowth and the relationship between heterotrophic plate counts (HPCs) and the concentration of chloramine residual in the Shanghai drinking water distribution system (DWDS). In this study, models to control HPCs in the water distribution system and consumer taps are also developed. Real-time ArcGIS was applied to show the distribution and changed results of the chloramine residual concentration in the pipe system by using these models. Residual regression analysis was used to get a reasonable range of the threshold values that allows the chloramine residual to efficiently inhibit bacteria growth in the Shanghai DWDS; the threshold values should be between 0.45 and 0.5 mg/L in pipe water and 0.2 and 0.25 mg/L in tap water. The low residual chloramine value (0.05 mg/L) of the Chinese drinking water quality standard may pose a potential health risk for microorganisms that should be improved. Disinfection by-products (DBPs) were detected, but no health risk was identified.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China. xhbai@sjtu.edu.cn
authors.forename: Xiaohui
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Bai
authors.forename: Xinghua
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhi
authors.forename: Huifeng
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Mingqun
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Meng
authors.forename: Mingde
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D058491:Bacterial Load; D002681:China; D002700:Chloramines / Q000032:analysis*; D004202:Disinfectants / Q000032:analysis; D060766:Drinking Water / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000382:microbiology*; D005843:Geography; D052836:Heterotrophic Processes; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011634:Public Health / Q000592:standards; D012044:Regression Analysis; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000379:methods; D012307:Risk Factors; D014871:Water Microbiology; D018508:Water Purification / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards; D060753:Water Quality / Q000592:standards; D014881:Water Supply / Q000592:standards
chemical_list: D002700:Chloramines; D004202:Disinfectants; D060766:Drinking Water; C030816:chloramine