title: Gut hormones of preterm infants with abdominal symptoms and hypothyroxinemia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The pathogenesis of abdominal symptoms in premature infants with hypothyroxinemia is not understood; therefore, we investigated changes in gut hormones before and after levothyroxine sodium (T4-Na) supplementation in preterm infants with abdominal symptoms and hypothyroxinemia.
  
  
  METHODS
  In eight preterm study subjects and 14 gestational age-matched controls, fasting serum concentration of leptin, glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), peptide YY (PYY), pancreatic polypeptide, insulin, amylin and ghrelin was measured using a bead array system.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Serum GLP-1, GIP and PYY in the subjects before T4-Na supplementation were lower than in controls at age 2 weeks. After improvement of abdominal symptoms and free thyroxine, serum levels of the three gut hormones in the subjects were increased and were not different from those in the control patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In preterm infants with abdominal symptoms, serum GLP-1, GIP and PYY might be related to thyroid function.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan.
authors.forename: Ryou
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kawamata
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan.
authors.forename: Yume
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan.
authors.forename: Yukari
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yada
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan.
authors.forename: Yasunori
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Koike
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan.
authors.forename: Yumi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kono
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Naoto
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Takahashi
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D005768:Gastrointestinal Hormones / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature / Q000097:blood*; D007235:Infant, Premature, Diseases / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013974:Thyroxine / Q000097:blood / Q000172:deficiency*
chemical_list: D005768:Gastrointestinal Hormones; D013974:Thyroxine
keywords: glucagon-like peptide-1; glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide; peptide YY; premature infant; thyroxine