title: Altered intrinsic regional brain spontaneous activity and subjective sleep quality in patients with chronic primary insomnia: a resting-state fMRI study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To prospectively explore the underlying regional homogeneity (ReHo) brain-activity deficit in patients with chronic primary insomnia (PCPIs) and its relationship with clinical features.
  
  
  METHODS
  The ReHo method and Statistical Parametric Mapping 8 software were used to evaluate whether resting-state localized brain activity was modulated between PCPIs and good sleepers (GSs), and correlation analysis between altered regional brain areas and clinical features was calculated.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-four PCPIs (17 females, seven males) and 24 (12 females, 12 males) age-, sex-, and education-matched GSs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  PCPIs disturbed subjective sleep quality, split positive mood, and exacerbated negative moods. Compared with GSs, PCPIs showed higher ReHo in left fusiform gyrus, and lower ReHo in bilateral cingulate gyrus and right cerebellum anterior lobe. Compared with female GSs, female PCPIs showed higher ReHo in the left fusiform gyrus and right posterior cingulate, and lower ReHo in the left cerebellum anterior lobe and left superior frontal gyrus. Compared with male GSs, male PCPIs showed higher ReHo in the right temporal lobe and lower ReHo in the bilateral frontal lobe. The fusiform gyrus showed strong positive correlations and the frontal lobe showed negative correlations with the clinical measurements.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The ReHo analysis is a useful noninvasive imaging tool for the detection of cerebral changes and the indexing of clinical features. The abnormal spontaneous activity areas provided important information on the neural mechanisms underlying emotion and sleep-quality impairment in PCPIs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nangchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China ; Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: Xi-Jian
authors.initials: XJ
authors.lastname: Dai
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nangchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: De-Chang
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nangchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Hong-Han
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Gong
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nangchang University, Nangchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Ai-Lan
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Wan
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nangchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xiao
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Nie
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nangchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Hai-Jun
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: Yi-Xiang J
authors.initials: YX
authors.lastname: Wang
keywords: blood oxygen level-dependent; functional magnetic resonance imaging; insomnia; mood disorder; regional homogeneity; sex difference; sleep disorder