title: Is right-sided colon cancer different to left-sided colorectal cancer? - a systematic review.
abstract: Colorectal cancer (CRC) exhibits differences in incidence, pathogenesis, molecular pathways and outcome depending on the location of the tumor. This review focuses on the latest developments in epidemiological and scientific studies, which have enhanced our understanding on the underlying genetic and immunological differences between the proximal (right-sided) colon and the distal (left-sided) colorectum. The different ways in which environmental risk factors influence the pathogenesis of CRC depending on its location and the variations in surgical and oncological outcomes are also discussed in this review. In the current era of personalized medicine, we aim to reiterate the importance of tumor location in management of CRC and the implication on future clinical and scientific research.
authors.affiliation: Academic Institute, St Mark's Hospital, Watford Road, Harrow, HA1 3UJ, United Kingdom; Antigen Presentation Research Group, Imperial College London, Northwick Park Hospital Campus, Watford Road, Harrow, HA1 3UJ, United Kingdom. Electronic address: guihanlee@nhs.net.
authors.forename: G H
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Academic Institute, St Mark's Hospital, Watford Road, Harrow, HA1 3UJ, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Malietzis
authors.affiliation: Academic Institute, St Mark's Hospital, Watford Road, Harrow, HA1 3UJ, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Askari
authors.affiliation: Antigen Presentation Research Group, Imperial College London, Northwick Park Hospital Campus, Watford Road, Harrow, HA1 3UJ, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bernardo
authors.affiliation: Antigen Presentation Research Group, Imperial College London, Northwick Park Hospital Campus, Watford Road, Harrow, HA1 3UJ, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: H O
authors.initials: HO
authors.lastname: Al-Hassi
authors.affiliation: Academic Institute, St Mark's Hospital, Watford Road, Harrow, HA1 3UJ, United Kingdom; Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Clark
mesh_terms: D002288:Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous / Q000378:metabolism / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology*; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000378:metabolism / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D003106:Colon / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D012007:Rectum / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*
keywords: Classification; Colorectal cancer; Environmental exposure; Pathology; Subsite