title: Influence of preoperative emotional state on postoperative pain following orthopedic and trauma surgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyze the relationship between preoperative emotional state and the prevalence and intensity of postoperative pain and to explore predictors of postoperative pain.
  
  
  METHODS
  Observational retrospective study undertaken among 127 adult patients of orthopedic and trauma surgery. Postoperative pain was assessed with the verbal numeric scale and with five variables of emotional state: anxiety, sweating, stress, fear, and crying. The Chi-squared test, Student's t test or ANOVA and a multivariate logistic regression analysis were used for the statistical analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of immediate postoperative pain was 28%. Anxiety was the most common emotional factor (72%) and a predictive risk factor for moderate to severe postoperative pain (OR: 4.60, 95% CI 1.38 to 15.3, p<0.05, AUC: 0.72, 95% CI: 0.62 to 0.83). Age exerted a protective effect (OR 0.96, 95% CI: 0.94-0.99, p<0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Preoperative anxiety and age are predictors of postoperative pain in patients undergoing orthopedic and trauma surgery.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Metodología, Gestión Clínica e Investigación, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Gemma
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Robleda
authors.affiliation: Área Quirúrgica, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Amalia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sillero-Sillero
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Epidemiologia Clínica, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Teresa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Puig
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Epidemiologia Clínica, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Ignasi
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Gich
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Ciencias Experimentales y de la Salud, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Josep-E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Baños
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D004644:Emotions; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D019637:Orthopedic Procedures; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D057234:Preoperative Period; D015995:Prevalence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000601:surgery*