title: Environmental modulation of same-sex affiliative behavior in female meadow voles (Microtus pennsylvanicus).
abstract: The effects of temperature and food availability on social bonds and group formation are poorly understood. Because seasonal transitions in female social behavior facilitate the assembly of winter groups in meadow voles, we explored the role of same-sex female associations in winter sociality. To examine the effects of winter typical environmental conditions on same-sex female affiliative behavior, paired female meadow voles were housed in varying combinations of day length, temperature, and food availability for 7weeks and then tested for social preference. In short days (SDs), lower ambient temperature increased huddling with unfamiliar females without interfering with existing social bonds, whereas lower temperature disrupted the retention of bonds in long days (LDs). Mild food restriction with no discernible effects on body mass enhanced affiliative behavior in SDs, but not LDs. A second experiment examined the effects of sex and day length on the propensity to aggregate with unfamiliar same-sex voles. Compared to LD females and SD males, SD females spent more time in group huddles with unfamiliar voles and displayed no social preference. These outcomes indicate that winter-like conditions enhance affiliative behavior between females and that pre-existing social bonds do not preclude integration into new winter social groups. The adaptive value of these behaviors is discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. Electronic address: nondrasek@ucdavis.edu.
authors.forename: Naomi R
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: Ondrasek
authors.affiliation: Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. Electronic address: adamwade@usc.edu.
authors.forename: Adam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wade
authors.affiliation: Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. Electronic address: tburk@utexas.edu.
authors.forename: Tracy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Burkhard
authors.affiliation: Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. Electronic address: kaciehsu@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Kacie
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.affiliation: Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. Electronic address: nguyen.tiffanyb@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Tiffany
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.affiliation: Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. Electronic address: jessicampost@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Jessica
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Post
authors.affiliation: Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. Electronic address: irvzuck@berkeley.edu.
authors.forename: Irving
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Zucker
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D003411:Arvicolinae / Q000502:physiology*; D001823:Body Composition / Q000502:physiology; D049628:Body Size; D002980:Climate; D004435:Eating / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006234:Handling, Psychological; D008297:Male; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D012919:Social Behavior; D013696:Temperature; D013997:Time Factors
keywords: Day length; Food availability; Same-sex affiliative behavior; Sex differences; Temperature; Winter sociality