title: Performance of small-scale dairy farms in the highlands of central Mexico during the dry season under traditional feeding strategies.
abstract: In Mexico, small-scale dairy systems (SSDS) represent over 78 % of dairy farms and contribute with 37 % of national milk production; however, they face high feeding costs. The objective of this study was to assess the performance of SSDS during the dry season in terms of milk yields, milk composition and feeding costs under traditional feeding strategies, to identify areas of opportunity for improving their profitability. The information was collected from 22 SSDS every month during dry season. Feeds were classified in quality forages (QF), supplements (SU) and straws (ST). Two factors were identified: factor 1-a positive relationship among QF, SU, milk yield and ration cost and factor 2-represented straw usage. Four feeding strategies were identified: (1) low-cost feeding strategy; (2) home-grown feeding strategy; (3) high-cost feeding strategy; and (4) straw-based feeding strategy. There were differences (P < 0.001) among feeding strategies for QF, SU, ST, total dry matter offered (TDMO), ration cost (RC), external inputs, home-grown inputs and milk yield. There were no significant (P > 0.05) differences among feeding strategies for fat and protein contents in milk. It is concluded that to improve performance and profitability and enhance sustainability in SSDS, farmers should base feeding strategies on home-grown quality forages, as it was the case in group 2 which showed lower feeding cost and better milk yield. It is also recommended to increase the inclusion of quality forages like grazing pastures and maize silages during the dry season and to avoid the inclusion of straws.
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Rurales (ICAR), Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Instituto Literario #100, CP 50000, Toluca, Estado de México, Mexico.
authors.forename: Carlos Galdino
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Martínez-García
authors.forename: Adolfo Armando
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Rayas-Amor
authors.forename: Juan Pablo
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Anaya-Ortega
authors.forename: Francisco Ernesto
authors.initials: FE
authors.lastname: Martínez-Castañeda
authors.forename: Angélica
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Espinoza-Ortega
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Prospero-Bernal
authors.forename: Carlos Manuel
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Arriaga-Jordán
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed; D000822:Animal Husbandry / Q000191:economics*; D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D003612:Dairying / Q000191:economics*; D055864:Droughts; D005260:Female; D008800:Mexico; D008892:Milk / Q000191:economics*; D012621:Seasons