title: TLR2, TLR4 and CD86 gene polymorphisms in recurrent aphthous stomatitis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) is an inflammatory disease induced by genetic and environmental factors. Toll-like receptor (TLR) and CD86 are essential components for innate immunity and cellular immune response. We aimed to determine whether inheritance of specific TLR2, TLR4and CD86 gene polymorphisms are associated with RAS.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ninety-six patients with RAS and 153 controls were studied. Eight SNPs were genotyped using PCR-RFLP technique; four in TLR2 gene: rs4696480, rs3804100, rs121917864, rs5743708; three in TLR4 gene: rs10759931, rs4986790 rs1927911; and one in CD86 gene rs17281995. Association was assessed by logistic regression analysis. Linkage disequilibrium (LD) was assessed using the Haploview program.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significant increase in inheritance of A allele (OR = 1.6, P = 0.01) and AA genotype (OR = 3.89, P = 0.01) of TLR4 rs10759931 was observed in cases. TLR4rs1927911 C allele and CC genotype were also increased (OR = 1.60 and 2.78 respectively); however, this was not statistically significant (P = 0.02 and 0.03 respectively). TLR2 and CD86 did not show association with RAS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is the first study to investigate the association of TLR and CD86 with RAS. We found a significant association between TLR4 rs10759931 polymorphism and RAS. Confirmatory studies in other populations and functional investigations are needed to determine the role of TLR4 in RAS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Medicine and Oral Surgery, Jordan University of Science and Technology (JUST), Irbid, Jordan.
authors.forename: Jumana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Karasneh
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology and Genetics, JUST, Irbid, Jordan.
authors.forename: Maisoun
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bani-Hani
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology and Genetics, JUST, Irbid, Jordan.
authors.forename: Asem
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Alkhateeb
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Medicine and Oral Diagnosis, College of Dentistry, Al Mustansiriya University, Baghdad, Iraq.
authors.forename: Ahmad
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hassan
authors.affiliation: Division of Otolaryngology, Department of Special Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdullah University Hospital, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan.
authors.forename: Firas
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Alzoubi
authors.affiliation: Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine and Surgery, School of Clinical Dentistry, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Thornhill
mesh_terms: D000483:Alleles; D051940:B7-2 Antigen / Q000235:genetics*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D005787:Gene Frequency; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006239:Haplotypes; D006801:Humans; D015810:Linkage Disequilibrium; D012150:Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D013281:Stomatitis, Aphthous / Q000235:genetics*; D051195:Toll-Like Receptor 2 / Q000235:genetics*; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4 / Q000235:genetics*; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors / Q000235:genetics; D014918:Wills
chemical_list: D051940:B7-2 Antigen; C497964:CD86 protein, human; C495342:TLR2 protein, human; C495345:TLR4 protein, human; D051195:Toll-Like Receptor 2; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors
keywords: co-stimulatory protein; polymorphism; recurrent aphthous stomatitis; toll-like receptor