title: Maternal plasma and amniotic fluid chemokines screening in fetal Down syndrome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Chemokines exert different inflammatory responses which can potentially be related to certain fetal chromosomal abnormalities. The aim of the study was to determine the concentration of selected chemokines in plasma and amniotic fluid of women with fetal Down syndrome.
  
  
  METHODS
  Out of 171 amniocentesis, we had 7 patients with confirmed fetal Down syndrome (15th-18th weeks of gestation). For the purpose of our control, we chose 14 women without confirmed chromosomal aberration. To assess the concentration of chemokines in the blood plasma and amniotic fluid, we used a protein macroarray, which allows the simultaneous determination of 40 chemokines per sample.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We showed significant decrease in the concentration of 4 chemokines, HCC-4, IL-28A, IL-31, and MCP-2, and increase in the concentration of CXCL7 (NAP-2) in plasma of women with fetal Down syndrome. Furthermore, we showed decrease in concentration of 3 chemokines, ITAC, MCP-3, MIF, and increase in concentration of 4 chemokines, IP-10, MPIF-1, CXCL7, and 6Ckine, in amniotic fluid of women with fetal Down syndrome.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  On the basis of our findings, our hypothesis is that the chemokines may play role in the pathogenesis of Down syndrome. Defining their potential as biochemical markers of Down syndrome requires further investigation on larger group of patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Perinatology and Obstetrics, Medical University of Bialystok, Marii Sklodowskiej-Curie 24a, Podlasie, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland.
authors.forename: Piotr
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Laudanski
authors.affiliation: Department of Reproduction and Gynecological Endocrinology, Medical University of Bialystok, Marii Sklodowskiej-Curie 24a, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland.
authors.forename: Monika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zbucka-Kretowska
authors.affiliation: Department of Perinatology and Obstetrics, Medical University of Bialystok, Marii Sklodowskiej-Curie 24a, Podlasie, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland.
authors.forename: Karol
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Charkiewicz
authors.affiliation: Department of Reproduction and Gynecological Endocrinology, Medical University of Bialystok, Marii Sklodowskiej-Curie 24a, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland.
authors.forename: Slawomir
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wolczynski
authors.affiliation: Department of Perinatology and Obstetrics, Medical University of Bialystok, Marii Sklodowskiej-Curie 24a, Podlasie, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland.
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wojcik
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, Medical University of Bialystok, Waszyngtona 12, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland.
authors.forename: Radoslaw
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Charkiewicz
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000649:Amniocentesis; D000653:Amniotic Fluid / Q000737:chemistry*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D018925:Chemokines / Q000032:analysis* / Q000097:blood*; D004314:Down Syndrome / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D062145:Maternal Serum Screening Tests; D008875:Middle Aged; D011247:Pregnancy; D011296:Prenatal Diagnosis / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D018925:Chemokines