title: Ultrasonography for haemodynamic monitoring.
abstract: Echocardiography has become an indispensable tool in the evaluation of medical and surgical patients. As ultrasound (US) machines have become more widely available and significantly more compact, there has been an exponential growth in the use of transthoracic echocardiography (TTE), transoesophageal echocardiography (TOE) and other devices in the perioperative setting. Here, we review recent findings relevant to the use of perioperative US, with a special focus on the haemodynamic management of the surgical patient.
authors.affiliation: Developmental Lung Biology, Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO, USA.
authors.forename: Jens M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Poth
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Eastern Colorado Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO, USA.
authors.forename: Daniel R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Beck
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Eastern Colorado Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO, USA. Electronic address: Karsten.Bartels@ucdenver.edu.
authors.forename: Karsten
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bartels
mesh_terms: D006439:Hemodynamics; D006801:Humans; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic / Q000295:instrumentation*; D014465:Ultrasonics
keywords: goal-directed therapy; haemodynamic monitoring; transoesophageal echocardiography; ultrasound education; ultrasound techniques