title: Prognostic factors for overall survival with targeted therapy in Chinese patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We wanted to identify the prognostic factors for overall survival (OS) in Chinese patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) treated with first-line targeted therapy (sorafenib or sunitinib).
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively reviewed clinical data from 119 mRCC patients administered sorafenib or sunitinib at the Ruijin Hospital since 2007. OS rates were calculated by the Kaplan-Meier method. Each variable was investigated univariately and then multivariately using a stepwise algorithm. A multivariate Cox regression model analyzed baseline variables for prognostic significance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean patient age was 57 ± 12 years; 37 patients (31%) received sorafenib and 82 (69%) received sunitinib. The mean OS was 22.7 ± 15.6 months (range: 2.8- 68.7). OS rates at year 1, 3 and 5 were 74%, 57%, and 36%, respectively. Univariate analysis identified significant negative prognostic factors (p < 0.05) as Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status ≥2, symptoms, no prior nephrectomy, microscopic necrosis, ≥2 metastatic sites, presence of liver, bone, or pancreas metastasis, hemoglobin less than the lower limit of normal(female <115 g/L, male <130 g/L), and serum alkaline phosphatase greater than the upper limit of normal (126 IU/L) at baseline, as well as a relative dose intensity of targeting agents in the first month (1M-RDI) of <50%. Multivariate analysis of OS identified 4 independent predictors: no symptoms, no bone or pancreas metastasis, and 1M-RDI of targeting agents (≥50%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  With targeted therapy, there is some change in the prognostic factors for mRCC and target drug therapies (1M-RDI ≥50%) play an important role in the prognosis of mRCC. Continued progress in the identification of patient-specific prognostic factors for mRCC will require further advances in the understanding of tumour biology.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China;
authors.forename: Juping
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China;
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China;
authors.forename: Fukang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China.
authors.forename: Renyi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China;
authors.forename: Haofei
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China;
authors.forename: Kun
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shao
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China;
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China;
authors.forename: Wenlong
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China;
authors.forename: Zhaoping
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China;
authors.forename: Zhoujun
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Shen