title: Isolation, cloning, and characterization of a partial novel aro A gene in common reed (Phragmites australis).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Among the essential amino acids, phenylalanine, tryptophan, and tyrosine are aromatic amino acids which are synthesized by the shikimate pathway in plants and bacteria. Herbicide glyphosate can inhibit the biosynthesis of these amino acids. So, identification of the gene tolerant to glyphosate is very important. It has been shown that the common reed or Phragmites australis Cav. (Poaceae) is relatively tolerant to glyphosate.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the current research is identification, cloning, sequencing, and registering of partial aro A gene of the common reed P. australis.
  
  
  METHODS
  The partial aro A gene of common reed (P. australis) was cloned in Escherichia coli and the amino acid sequence was identified/determined for the first time.
  
  
  RESULTS
  This is the first report for isolation, cloning, and sequencing of a part of aro A gene from the common reed. A 670 bp fragment including two introns (86 bp and 289 bp) was obtained. The open reading frame (ORF) region in part of gene was encoded for 98 amino acids. Alignment showed high similarity among this region with Zea mays (L.) (Poaceae) (94.6%), Eleusine indica L. Gaertn (Poaceae) (94.2%), and Zoysia japonica Steud. (Poaceae) (94.2%). The alignment of amino acid sequence of the investigated part of the gene showed a homology with aro A from several other plants. This conserved region forms the enzyme active site.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The alignment results of nucleotide and amino acid residues with related sequences showed that there are some differences among them. The relative glyphosate tolerance in the common reed may be related to these differences.
authors.affiliation: Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Razi University , Kermanshah , Iran .
authors.forename: Elham
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Taravat
authors.forename: Alireza
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zebarjadi
authors.forename: Danial
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kahrizi
authors.forename: Kheirollah
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yari
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D001483:Base Sequence; D003001:Cloning, Molecular / Q000379:methods*; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D006109:Poaceae / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D010940:Plant Proteins
keywords: Aromatic amino acids; EPSPS; gene sequencing; glyphosate