title: Safety assessment of genetically modified rice expressing human serum albumin from urine metabonomics and fecal bacterial profile.
abstract: The genetically modified (GM) rice expressing human serum albumin (HSA) is used for non-food purposes; however, its food safety assessment should be conducted due to the probability of accidental mixture with conventional food. In this research, Sprague Dawley rats were fed diets containing 50% (wt/wt) GM rice expressing HSA or non-GM rice for 90 days. Urine metabolites were detected by (1)H NMR to examine the changes of the metabolites in the dynamic process of metabolism. Fecal bacterial profiles were detected by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis to reflect intestinal health. Additionally, short chain fatty acids and fecal enzymes were investigated. The results showed that compared with rats fed the non-GM rice, some significant differences were observed in rats fed with the GM rice; however, these changes were not significantly different from the control diet group. Additionally, the gut microbiota was associated with blood indexes and urine metabolites. In conclusion, the GM rice diet is as safe as the traditional daily diet. Furthermore, urine metabonomics and fecal bacterial profiles provide a non-invasive food safety assessment rat model for genetically modified crops that are used for non-food/feed purposes. Fecal bacterial profiles have the potential for predicting the change of blood indexes in future.
authors.affiliation: College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
authors.forename: Xiaozhe
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Qi
authors.affiliation: College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
authors.forename: Siyuan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
authors.forename: Yao
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sheng
authors.affiliation: College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
authors.forename: Mingzhang
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
authors.forename: Yifei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; The Supervision, Inspection and Testing Center of Genetically Modified Organisms, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100083, China.
authors.forename: Xiaoyun
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; The Supervision, Inspection and Testing Center of Genetically Modified Organisms, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100083, China.
authors.forename: Kunlun
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; The Supervision, Inspection and Testing Center of Genetically Modified Organisms, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100083, China. Electronic address: xuwentao@cau.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Wentao
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Xu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003257:Consumer Product Safety; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000302:isolation & purification; D005243:Feces / Q000382:microbiology*; D059022:Food Safety; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D055432:Metabolomics; D012275:Oryza / Q000235:genetics*; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012709:Serum Albumin / Q000378:metabolism*; D016482:Urinalysis
chemical_list: D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D012709:Serum Albumin
keywords: Genetically modified rice; Human serum albumin; Intestinal bacterial; Urine metabonomics