title: Short communication: limit feeding affects behavior patterns and feeding motivation of dairy heifers.
abstract: The study objective was to assess the effects of limit feeding dairy heifers on behavior patterns and feeding motivation. Ten Holstein heifers (291.6±39.2d of age, weighing 324.2±61.2kg; mean ± SD) were exposed to each of 2 dietary treatments, in a random order, over 2 successive 26-d treatment periods (14-d adaptation period and a 12-d data collection period) using a crossover design: (1) a high-forage total mixed ration (TMR), provided ad libitum (CON) and (2) a low-forage TMR, limit-fed at 2.05% body weight (LF). Heifers were fed daily at 1100h and motivation to access a low-nutritive feedstuff (straw) was assessed using a push-door apparatus at 2 time points: 3h after feed delivery (1400h) and 21h after feed delivery (0800h). The amount of weight pushed, weight pushed as percentage of body weight, and latency to access the push door were recorded on 3 different days for each heifer at each time point on each treatment. When fed CON, heifers had greater dry matter intake (12.9 vs. 7.2kg/d), greater feeding time (209.3 vs. 82.4min/d), greater ruminating time (452.2 vs. 318.3min/d), and slower rates of intake (0.06 vs. 0.09kg of dry matter/min) than when fed LF. Heifers fed LF pushed more weight as a percentage of body weight at 3h (4.5 vs. 1.9%) and 21h (9.3 vs. 2.8%) after feed delivery. At both 3 and 21h after feed delivery, latency to access the door was shorter for the LF heifers compared with the CON heifers (65 vs. 145 s). These results indicate that, in addition to decreasing feeding time, limit feeding increases motivation of heifers to access a low-nutritive feedstuff, possibly due to lack of satiety resulting from lack of physical fill or insufficient time spent foraging.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Guelph, Kemptville Campus, Kemptville, ON, K0G 1J0, Canada.
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Greter
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville 32611.
authors.forename: E K
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Miller-Cushon
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada.
authors.forename: B W
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: McBride
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada.
authors.forename: T M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Widowski
authors.affiliation: Department of Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada.
authors.forename: T F
authors.initials: TF
authors.lastname: Duffield
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Guelph, Kemptville Campus, Kemptville, ON, K0G 1J0, Canada. Electronic address: tdevries@uoguelph.ca.
authors.forename: T J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: DeVries
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed / Q000032:analysis; D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000502:physiology*; D002417:Cattle; D003612:Dairying / Q000379:methods; D004032:Diet / Q000662:veterinary*; D004435:Eating; D005247:Feeding Behavior / Q000502:physiology*; D005248:Feeding Methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D005260:Female; D009042:Motivation
keywords: dairy heifer; feeding behavior; limit feeding; motivation