title: Evaluating the content of Individualized Education Programs and 504 Plans of young adolescents with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the degree with which Individualized Education Programs (IEPs) and 504 Plans prepared for middle school students with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) conformed to best practices and included evidence-based services. Specifically, we examined the problem areas identified in the statement of students' present level of academic achievement and functional performance (PLAAFP) and targeted in the students' measurable annual goals and objectives (MAGOs). In addition, we compared services with lists of recommended services provided by the U.S. Department of Education (ED) and reviews of evidence-based practices. Participants were 97 middle school students with ADHD, 61.9% with an IEP, and 38.1% with a 504 Plan. Most (85%) IEP PLAAFP statements described nonacademic/behavior problems, but fewer than half had MAGOs targeting these areas of need. Services listed on IEPs and Section 504 Plans were frequently consistent with ED recommendations, but had little to no research supporting their effectiveness. In addition, services with evidence supporting benefit to students with ADHD were rarely included on IEPs or 504 Plans. Implications for special education policy and future directions are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Ohio University.
authors.forename: Craig F
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-2282-9456
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Spiel
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Ohio University.
authors.forename: Steven W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Evans
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University.
authors.forename: Joshua M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Langberg
mesh_terms: D000124:Achievement; D000293:Adolescent; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity; D004519:Education, Special / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards*; D004522:Educational Status; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015397:Program Evaluation; D014481:United States