title: Simultaneous treatment of raw palm oil mill effluent and biodegradation of palm fiber in a high-rate CSTR.
abstract: A high-rate continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) was used to produce biogas from raw palm oil mill effluent (POME) at 55°C at a highest organic loading rate (OLR) of 19 g COD/ld. Physical and chemical pretreatments were not performed on the raw POME. In order to promote retention of suspended solids, the CSTR was installed with a deflector at its upper section. The average methane yield was 0.27 l/g COD, and the biogas production rate per reactor volume was 6.23 l/l d, and the tCOD removal efficiency was 82%. The hydrolysis rate of cellulose, hemicelluloses and lignin was 6.7, 3.0 and 1.9 g/d, respectively. The results of denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) suggested that the dominant hydrolytic bacteria responsible for the biodegradation of the palm fiber and residual oil were Clostridium sp., while the dominant methanogens were Methanothermobacter sp.
authors.affiliation: The Joint Graduate School of Energy and Environment, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok 10140, Thailand.
authors.forename: Maneerat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Khemkhao
authors.affiliation: National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), Bangkok 10150, Thailand.
authors.forename: Somkiet
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Techkarnjanaruk
authors.affiliation: The Joint Graduate School of Energy and Environment, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok 10140, Thailand; Department of Chemical Engineering, King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok, Bangkok 10800, Thailand; Research and Technology Center for Renewable Products and Energy, King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok, Bangkok 10800, Thailand. Electronic address: cpk@kmutnb.ac.th.
authors.forename: Chantaraporn
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Phalakornkule
mesh_terms: D000468:Alkalies / Q000032:analysis; D000693:Anaerobiosis; D001105:Archaea / Q000378:metabolism; D001419:Bacteria / Q000378:metabolism; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D056804:Biofuels / Q000032:analysis; D057919:Biological Oxygen Demand Analysis; D001704:Biopolymers / Q000737:chemistry; D019149:Bioreactors; D058645:Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000032:analysis; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007220:Industrial Waste / Q000032:analysis*; D008697:Methane / Q000096:biosynthesis; D000073878:Palm Oil; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000737:chemistry*; D014835:Volatilization; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid; D018508:Water Purification / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D000468:Alkalies; D056804:Biofuels; D001704:Biopolymers; D005227:Fatty Acids; D007220:Industrial Waste; D010938:Plant Oils; D000073878:Palm Oil; D008697:Methane
keywords: Anaerobic; Biogas; CSTR; DGGE; Palm oil mill effluent