title: Nutrition-related risk indexes and long-term mortality in noncritically ill inpatients who receive total parenteral nutrition (prospective multicenter study).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Malnutrition in hospitalized patients is associated with an increased risk of death, in both the short and the long term.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to determine which nutrition-related risk index predicts long-term mortality better (three years) in patients who receive total parenteral nutrition (TPN).
  
  
  METHODS
  This prospective, multicenter study involved noncritically ill patients who were prescribed TPN during hospitalization. Data were collected on Subjective Global Assessment (SGA), Nutritional Risk Index (NRI), Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI), body mass index, albumin and prealbumin, as well as long-term mortality.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Over the 1- and 3-year follow-up periods, 174 and 244 study subjects (28.8% and 40.3%) respectively, died. Based on the Cox proportional hazards survival model, the nutrition-related risk indexes most strongly associated with mortality were SGA and albumin (<2.5 g/dL) (after adjustment for age, gender, C-reactive protein levels, prior comorbidity, mean capillary blood glucose during TPN infusion, diabetes status prior to TPN, diagnosis, and infectious complications during hospitalization).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The SGA and very low albumin levels are simple tools that predict the risk of long-term mortality better than other tools in noncritically ill patients who receive TPN during hospitalization.
authors.affiliation: UGC Endocrinología y Nutrición, IBIMA, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga/ Universidad de Málaga, Malaga, Spain.
authors.forename: María José
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Tapia
authors.affiliation: Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Hospital Clínico Universitario Lozano Blesa, Zaragoza, Spain.
authors.forename: Julia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ocón
authors.affiliation: Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Hospital Clínico Universitario Lozano Blesa, Zaragoza, Spain.
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cabrejas-Gómez
authors.affiliation: Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Complejo Asistencial Universitario de León, Spain.
authors.forename: María D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Ballesteros-Pomar
authors.affiliation: Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Complejo Asistencial Universitario de León, Spain.
authors.forename: Alfonso
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vidal-Casariego
authors.affiliation: Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Complejo Hospitalario de Jaén, Spain.
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Arraiza-Irigoyen
authors.affiliation: Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Son Llàtzer (Palma de Mallorca), Spain.
authors.forename: Josefina
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Olivares
authors.affiliation: Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Hospital General Mancha Centro, Alcázar de San Juan, Ciudad-Real, Spain.
authors.forename: Ma Carmen
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Conde-García
authors.affiliation: Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Hospital General Mancha Centro, Alcázar de San Juan, Ciudad-Real, Spain.
authors.forename: Álvaro
authors.initials: Á
authors.lastname: García-Manzanares
authors.affiliation: Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Albacete, Spain.
authors.forename: Francisco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Botella-Romero
authors.affiliation: Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Albacete, Spain.
authors.forename: Rosa P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Quílez-Toboso
authors.affiliation: Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Lucio
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cabrerizo
authors.affiliation: Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Miguel A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Rubio
authors.affiliation: Clinical Nutrition Unit, University Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Luisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chicharro
authors.affiliation: Clinical Nutrition Unit, University Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Rosa
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Burgos
authors.affiliation: Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain.
authors.forename: Pedro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pujante
authors.affiliation: Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain.
authors.forename: Mercedes
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ferrer
authors.affiliation: Clinical Nutrition Unit, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Spain.
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zugasti
authors.affiliation: Clinical Nutrition Unit, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Spain.
authors.forename: Estrella
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Petrina
authors.affiliation: Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Hospital de Cabueñes, Gijón, Asturias, Spain.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Manjón
authors.affiliation: Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Hospital de Cabueñes, Gijón, Asturias, Spain.
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Diéguez
authors.affiliation: Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Ma José
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Carrera
authors.affiliation: Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vila-Bundo
authors.affiliation: Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Hospital Universitario Son Dureta, Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
authors.forename: Juan Ramón
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Urgelés
authors.affiliation: Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Aragón-Valera
authors.affiliation: Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Olga
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Sánchez-Vilar
authors.affiliation: Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Hospital Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Irene
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Bretón
authors.affiliation: Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Hospital Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Pilar
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: García-Peris
authors.affiliation: Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain.
authors.forename: Araceli
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Muñoz-Garach
authors.affiliation: Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain.
authors.forename: Efren
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Márquez
authors.affiliation: Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Hospital Universitario Severo Ochoa, Leganés, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Dolores
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: del Olmo
authors.affiliation: Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio, Seville, Spain.
authors.forename: José Luis
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.affiliation: Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio, Seville, Spain.
authors.forename: María C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Tous
authors.affiliation: UGC Endocrinología y Nutrición, IBIMA, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga/ Universidad de Málaga, Malaga, Spain; CIBERDEM, CIBER of Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CB07/08/0019), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain. Electronic address: gabrielm.olveira.sspa@juntadeandalucia.es.
authors.forename: Gabriel
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Olveira
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001835:Body Weight; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D015897:Comorbidity; D016638:Critical Illness; D002149:Energy Intake; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D015577:Geriatric Assessment; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D007297:Inpatients; D007902:Length of Stay; D044342:Malnutrition / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D015596:Nutrition Assessment; D009752:Nutritional Status; D010289:Parenteral Nutrition, Total; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012709:Serum Albumin / Q000378:metabolism; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D012709:Serum Albumin; D002097:C-Reactive Protein
keywords: Long-term mortality; Noncritically ill inpatients; Nutrition-related risk indexes; Parenteral nutrition; Spain