title: Outcome of symptomatic upper lumbar disc herniation.
abstract: "Upper" lumbar disc herniations (LDH) are different from the "lower" and possess increased chance of neural compromise and cauda equina syndrome that necessitates operative management despite of contradictory surgical outcome. We underwent the study to assess the clinical and functional outcome of symptomatic upper LDH surgery from July 2003 to June 2012 in BSMMU, Dhaka, Bangladesh. The records of 123 patients (age range, 30-69 years), 56 men and 67 women (mean 52 years) having upper lumbar discectomy were reviewed. The surgical time, intra-operative blood loss, self evaluated back pain and thigh and/or groin pain status [using Visual Analogue Score (VAS)] and the disability status [using Oswestry disability (ODI) questionnaire] was analyzed. Radiological stability (using Posner's criteria), functional outcome [using Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) Score] and overall outcome (using MacNab`s criteria), was calculated. Chi-squared test and z-test using SPSS revealed mean operative time and mean blood loss had no significant (p>0.05) difference. Pain, sensory, motor and reflex status as well as VAS, ODI and all the components of JOA questionnaire had significant (p<0.05) improvement. In spite of intra-operative complications in 20.32% cases, overall satisfactory outcome was achieved in 83.74% cases. The postoperative complications (08.13%) could be managed conservatively. However, carefully decided surgical alternatives resulted in satisfactory clinical and functional outcome in upper LDH surgery.
authors.affiliation: Dr MA Awwal, Assistant Professor of Spinal Surgery, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Shahbagh, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Awwal
authors.forename: M K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Ahsan
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sakeb
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001459:Bangladesh / Q000453:epidemiology; D016063:Blood Loss, Surgical / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D017586:Diskectomy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007405:Intervertebral Disc Displacement / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D061646:Operative Time; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000379:methods; D011128:Polyradiculopathy / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D011859:Radiography; D020127:Recovery of Function; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D020379:Risk Adjustment; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D016896:Treatment Outcome