title: Combining genetic and nongenetic biomarkers to realize the promise of pharmacogenomics for inflammatory diseases.
abstract: Many drugs used to treat inflammatory diseases are ineffective in a substantial proportion of patients. Identifying patients that are likely to respond to specific therapies would facilitate personalized treatment strategies that could improve outcomes while reducing costs and risks of adverse events. Despite these clear benefits, there are limited examples of predictive biomarkers of drug efficacy currently implemented into clinical practice for inflammatory diseases. We review efforts to identify genetic and nongenetic biomarkers of drug response in these diseases and consider potential benefits from combining multiple sources of biological data into multifeature predictive models.
authors.affiliation: Committee on Clinical Pharmacology & Pharmacogenomics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
authors.forename: Joseph C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Maranville
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Di Rienzo
mesh_terms: D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics; D001249:Asthma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics; D054316:Biomarkers, Pharmacological; D005819:Genetic Markers; D006801:Humans; D015212:Inflammatory Bowel Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics; D010597:Pharmacogenetics; D057285:Precision Medicine
chemical_list: D054316:Biomarkers, Pharmacological; D005819:Genetic Markers
keywords: biologics; biomarkers; immune system; inflammatory disease; personalized medicine; steroids