title: Estimation of salivary sodium, potassium, calcium, phosphorus and urea in type II diabetic patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Diabetes mellitus is an endocrine disease due to insufficiency production of insulin that is associated with altered quantity and quality in salivary secretion. Alteration in saliva can reflect the changes in patients' blood. The collection of saliva is easy therefore; the assessment of saliva is suitable for screening tests of large population. The study aimed at evaluate some elements in diabetic patients' saliva.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 25 diabetic patients and age-sex matched control group enrolled into the study. Absorbance spectrophotometer technique was used for assessment of some salivary elements.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The assessment of saliva showed that diabetics had unstimulated salivary flow rate of 0.18 ± 0.14 mL/min compared to 0.30 ± 0.12 mL/min for healthy individuals (P<0.01). Secretion of potassium and urea to saliva was significantly higher in diabetics compared to healthy group (P<0.05). In contrast calcium, sodium and phosphorus concentration was not significantly different in two groups. The level of salivary urea, potassium and phosphorus was significantly elevated in diabetic males compared to healthy males and the level of salivary calcium in diabetic females was significantly reduced compared to healthy females (P<0.05). There was not any significant difference in salivary sodium of healthy and diabetic persons according to gender (P>0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The finding showed that there were some alterations in salivary elements in diabetic patients even in well-controlled subjects compared to healthy group. Moreover, some salivary elements concentrations were various in diabetic and healthy subjects regarding to the sex. Assessment of salivary composition could be beneficial in oral health evaluation.
authors.affiliation: Assistant Professor of Oral Medicine, Department of Oral Medicine, Zahedan Dental School, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran.
authors.forename: Masoumeh
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shirzaiy
authors.affiliation: Assistant Professor of Pathology, Department of Pathology, Zahedan Medical School, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran.
authors.forename: Fatemeh
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Heidari
authors.affiliation: Assistant Professor of Oral Medicine, Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases Research Center, Mashhad Faculty of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. Electronic address: zdalirsani@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Zohreh
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Dalirsani
authors.affiliation: Assistant Professor of Community Medicine, Department of Health, Zahedan Medical School, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran.
authors.forename: Javid
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dehghan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D002118:Calcium / Q000032:analysis*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010758:Phosphorus / Q000032:analysis*; D011188:Potassium / Q000032:analysis*; D011379:Prognosis; D012307:Risk Factors; D012463:Saliva / Q000737:chemistry*; D012964:Sodium / Q000032:analysis*; D014508:Urea / Q000032:analysis*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D010758:Phosphorus; D014508:Urea; D012964:Sodium; D011188:Potassium; D002118:Calcium
keywords: Composition; Diabetes mellitus; Element; Saliva; Type II