title: Live attenuated pre-erythrocytic malaria vaccines.
abstract: Although recent control measures have significantly reduced malaria cases and deaths in many endemic areas, an effective vaccine will be essential to eradicate this parasitic disease. Malaria vaccine strategies developed to date focus on different phases of the parasite's complex life cycle in the human host and mosquito vector, and include both subunit-based and whole-parasite vaccines. This review focuses on the 3 live-attenuated malaria vaccination strategies that have been tested in humans to date, and discusses their progress, challenges and the immune correlates of protection that have been identified.
authors.affiliation: a Seattle Biomedical Research Institute ; Seattle , WA USA.
authors.forename: Gladys J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Keitany
authors.forename: Marissa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vignali
authors.forename: Ruobing
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000913:Antibodies, Protozoan / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D017780:Malaria Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*; D016778:Malaria, Falciparum / Q000276:immunology / Q000469:parasitology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D016780:Malaria, Vivax / Q000276:immunology / Q000469:parasitology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D010963:Plasmodium falciparum / Q000276:immunology*; D010966:Plasmodium vivax / Q000276:immunology*; D015800:Protozoan Proteins / Q000276:immunology; D034101:Sporozoites / Q000276:immunology; D014611:Vaccination; D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000913:Antibodies, Protozoan; D017780:Malaria Vaccines; D015800:Protozoan Proteins; D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated
keywords: CPS, Chemoprophylaxis and Sporozoite immunization; CQ, chloroquine; CSP, circumsporozoite protein; GAP, Genetically Attenuated Parasite; ITV, Immunization-Treatment-Vaccination; Malaria; P. falciparum; PfSPZ, P. falciparum sporozoite vaccine; RAS, Radiation Attenuated Sporozoites; attenuation; i.d., intradermal; i.v., intravenous; pre-erythrocytic; s.c., subcutaneous; whole-parasite vaccines