title: Predictive and prognostic markers in the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC): personalized medicine at work.
abstract: This article clarifies prognostic and predictive markers in the treatment of colorectal cancer. Multiple chemotherapeutic drugs are approved for metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC), but available guidelines are often not helpful in directing drug selections. It would be desirable to define patient populations before chemotherapy by biomarkers that predict outcome and toxicities. RAS mutational evaluation remains the only established biomarker analysis in the treatment of mCRC. BRAF mutant tumors are associated with poor outcome. Chemotherapeutic combination therapies still remain the most active treatments in the armamentarium, and future trials should address the need to prospectively investigate and validate biomarkers.
authors.affiliation: Sharon Carpenter Laboratory, University of Southern California/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, 1441 Eastlake Avenue, Room 3456, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
authors.forename: Sebastian
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Stintzing
authors.affiliation: Sharon Carpenter Laboratory, University of Southern California/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, 1441 Eastlake Avenue, Room 3456, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Stremitzer
authors.affiliation: Sharon Carpenter Laboratory, University of Southern California/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, 1441 Eastlake Avenue, Room 3456, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sebio
authors.affiliation: Sharon Carpenter Laboratory, University of Southern California/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, 1441 Eastlake Avenue, Room 3456, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA. Electronic address: lenz@usc.edu.
authors.forename: Heinz-Josef
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Lenz
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000235:genetics*; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D058990:Molecular Targeted Therapy; D009154:Mutation; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D057285:Precision Medicine; D011379:Prognosis; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor
keywords: BRAF; Biomarker; Colorectal cancer; KRAS; NRAS