title: Capsule endoscopy in pediatrics: a 10-years journey.
abstract: Video capsule endoscopy (CE) for evaluation the esophagus (ECE), small bowel (SBCE) and the colon (CCE) is particularly useful in pediatrics, because this imaging modality does not require ionizing radiation, deep sedation or general anesthesia. The risk of capsule retention appears to be dependent on indication rather than age and parallels the adult experience by indication, making SBCE a relatively safe procedure with a significant diagnostic yield. The newest indication, assessment of mucosal change, greatly enhances and expands its potential benefit. The diagnostic role of CE extends beyond the SB. The use of ECE also may enhance our knowledge of esophageal disease and assist patient care. Colon CCE is a novel minimally invasive and painless endoscopic technique allowing exploration of the colon without need for sedation, rectal intubation and gas insufflation. The limited data on ECE and CCE in pediatrics does not yet allow the same conclusions regarding efficacy; however, both appear to provide safe methods to assess and monitor mucosal change in their respective areas with little discomfort. Moreover, although experience has been limited, the patency capsule may help lessen the potential of capsule retention; and newly researched protocols for bowel cleaning may further enhance CE's diagnostic yield. However, further research is needed to optimize the use of the various CE procedures in pediatric populations.
authors.affiliation: Salvatore Oliva, Giovanni Di Nardo, Salvatore Cucchiara, Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Gastroenterology Unit, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Salvatore
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Oliva
authors.affiliation: Salvatore Oliva, Giovanni Di Nardo, Salvatore Cucchiara, Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Gastroenterology Unit, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Stanley A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.affiliation: Salvatore Oliva, Giovanni Di Nardo, Salvatore Cucchiara, Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Gastroenterology Unit, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Di Nardo
authors.affiliation: Salvatore Oliva, Giovanni Di Nardo, Salvatore Cucchiara, Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Gastroenterology Unit, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Gianfranco
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gualdi
authors.affiliation: Salvatore Oliva, Giovanni Di Nardo, Salvatore Cucchiara, Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Gastroenterology Unit, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Salvatore
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cucchiara
authors.affiliation: Salvatore Oliva, Giovanni Di Nardo, Salvatore Cucchiara, Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Gastroenterology Unit, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Emanuele
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Casciani
mesh_terms: D053704:Capsule Endoscopy / Q000639:trends*; D005767:Gastrointestinal Diseases / Q000473:pathology*; D041981:Gastrointestinal Tract / Q000473:pathology*; D049674:History, 21st Century; D006801:Humans; D010372:Pediatrics / Q000639:trends*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis
keywords: Capsule endoscopy; Children; Pediatric endoscopy; Small bowel