title: Isolation and characterization of human mesenchymal stem cells derived from synovial fluid in patients with osteochondral lesion of the talus.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Recently, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been suggested as a source for cell-based treatment of cartilage lesions based on the ability of these cells to differentiate into chondrocytes.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To characterize MSCs derived from the synovial fluid in ankle joints with osteochondral lesion of the talus (OLT).
  
  
  METHODS
  Controlled laboratory study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Synovial fluid was collected from the ankle joints of 28 patients with OLT who underwent arthroscopic marrow stimulation between September 2011 and April 2012. Epitope profiles and multilineage differentiation were assessed to characterize the synovial fluid MSCs. To clarify the origin of synovial fluid MSCs, we assessed gene profiles of MSCs derived from various mesenchymal tissues by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Synovial fluid MSCs expressed CD90 and CD105, showed low expression of CD14 and CD34, and underwent multilineage differentiation in vitro. The RT-PCR revealed strong expression of CD90, CD44, and CD73, whereas CD45 and CD133 were not detected. The colony number of synovial fluid MSCs from OLT significantly increased in stages C and D, as defined by arthroscopic classification. Gene expression profiles indicated that synovial fluid MSCs derived from the patients with OLT were more similar to MSCs from synovium than to MSCs from bone marrow and adipose tissue.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study confirmed that human synovial fluid is a good source of MSCs, with the capacity to differentiate toward several cell lineages. Further study with matched controls of synovial fluid MSCs derived from ankle joints without OLT is required for a more accurate evaluation of synovial fluid MSCs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings of this study provide a platform for exploring the potential role of synovial fluid MSCs in OLT and their therapeutic potential in novel joint regeneration strategies.
authors.affiliation: Center for Stem Cell & Arthritis Research, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yonsei Sarang Hospital, Seoul, Korea Foot and Ankle Center, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Yonsei Sarang Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Yong Sang
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Foot and Ankle Center, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Yonsei Sarang Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Ho Jin
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Center for Stem Cell & Arthritis Research, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yonsei Sarang Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Jee Eun
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Yeo
authors.affiliation: Center for Stem Cell & Arthritis Research, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yonsei Sarang Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Yong Il
authors.initials: YI
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Center for Stem Cell & Arthritis Research, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yonsei Sarang Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Yun Jin
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Center for Stem Cell & Arthritis Research, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yonsei Sarang Hospital, Seoul, Korea yonggonkoh@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Yong Gon
authors.initials: YG
authors.lastname: Koh
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000166:cytology; D000328:Adult; D000843:Ankle Joint / Q000473:pathology*; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000235:genetics*; D001854:Bone Marrow Cells; D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D002358:Cartilage, Articular / Q000473:pathology*; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D019902:Chondrocytes / Q000166:cytology; D003114:Colony-Forming Units Assay; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D008297:Male; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism; D008875:Middle Aged; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D013582:Synovial Fluid / Q000166:cytology*; D013583:Synovial Membrane / Q000166:cytology; D013628:Talus / Q000473:pathology*; D059467:Transcriptome; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins; D055815:Young Adult; D000094742:Secreted Frizzled-Related Proteins
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins; D006023:Glycoproteins; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins; C476999:ECRG4 protein, human; C063488:OGN protein, human; C096382:PRELP protein, human; C118723:SFRP4 protein, human; D000094742:Secreted Frizzled-Related Proteins; C476827:SMOC2 protein, human
keywords: mesenchymal stem cell; osteochondral lesion of the talus; synovial fluid