title: Yeast HXK2 gene reverts glucose regulation mutation of penicillin biosynthesis in P. chrysogenum.
abstract: The mutant Penicillium chrysogenum strain dogR5, derived from strain AS-P-78, does not respond to glucose regulation of penicillin biosynthesis and β-galactosidase, and is partially deficient in D-glucose phosphorilating activity. We have transformed strain dogR5 with the (hexokinase) hxk2 gene from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Transformants recovered glucose control of penicillin biosynthesis in different degrees, and acquired a hexokinase (fructose phosphorylating) activity absent in strains AS- P-78 and dogR5. Interestingly, they also recovered glucose regulation of β-galactosidase. On the other hand, glucokinase activity was affected in different ways in the transformants; one of which showed a lower activity than the parental dogR5, but normal glucose regulation of penicillin biosynthesis. Our results show that Penicillium chrysogenum AS-P-78 and dogR5 strains lack hexokinase, and suggest that an enzyme with glucokinase activity is involved in glucose regulation of penicillin biosynthesis and β-galactosidase, thus signaling glucose in both primary and secondary metabolism; however, catalytic and signaling activities seem to be independent.
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Ingeniería Genética y Metabolitos Secundarios Departamento de Biotecnología Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Mexico D.F. Mexico Laboratorio de Ingeniería Genética y Metabolitos Secundarios, Departamento de Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Mexico D.F., Mexico.
authors.forename: Edmundo A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Pérez
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Ingeniería Genética y Metabolitos Secundarios Departamento de Biotecnología Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Mexico D.F. Mexico Laboratorio de Ingeniería Genética y Metabolitos Secundarios, Departamento de Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Mexico D.F., Mexico.
authors.forename: Francisco J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Fernández
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Ingeniería Genética y Metabolitos Secundarios Departamento de Biotecnología Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Mexico D.F. Mexico Laboratorio de Ingeniería Genética y Metabolitos Secundarios, Departamento de Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Mexico D.F., Mexico.
authors.forename: Francisco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Fierro
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Ingeniería Genética y Metabolitos Secundarios Departamento de Biotecnología Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Mexico D.F. Mexico Laboratorio de Ingeniería Genética y Metabolitos Secundarios, Departamento de Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Mexico D.F., Mexico.
authors.forename: Armando
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mejía
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Biotecnología de León León Spain Instituto de Biotecnología de León, León, Spain.
authors.forename: Ana T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Marcos
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Biotecnología de León León Spain Instituto de Biotecnología de León, León, Spain. ; Área de Microbiología Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales Universidad de León León Spain Área de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Universidad de León, León, Spain.
authors.forename: Juan F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Martín
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Ingeniería Genética y Metabolitos Secundarios Departamento de Biotecnología Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Mexico D.F. Mexico Laboratorio de Ingeniería Genética y Metabolitos Secundarios, Departamento de Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Mexico D.F., Mexico.
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Barrios-González
mesh_terms: D015966:Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal / Q000187:drug effects*; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D006593:Hexokinase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D010406:Penicillins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D010408:Penicillium chrysogenum / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D014170:Transformation, Genetic; D001616:beta-Galactosidase / Q000096:biosynthesis
chemical_list: D010406:Penicillins; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; C490214:HXK2 protein, S cerevisiae; D006593:Hexokinase; D001616:beta-Galactosidase; D005947:Glucose
keywords: Penicillium chrysogenum; glucokinase; glucose regulation; penicillin