title: Cushing, acromegaly, GH deficiency and tendons.
abstract: Cushing's syndrome, induced by an endogenous or exogenous cortisol excess, and acromegaly, the clinical syndrome caused by growth hormone (GH) excess in adulthood, as well as the disease induced by GH deficiency (GHD), represent perfect models for the evaluation of the effects induced by chronic exposure in vivo, respectively, to cortisol and GH/IGF-1 excess or deficiency on the complex structure of the tendons as well as on the related post-traumatic repair mechanism. Although the literature is still scant, here in main scientific evidence on this topic is summarized in order to provide suggestions about the management of the above mentioned illnesses, to translate such information in the field of sports medicine and/or traumatology, and to increase and to disseminate knowledge on this misunderstood theme.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Endocrinology Section, University "Federico II", Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Mariano
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Galdiero
authors.affiliation: Ios & Coleman Medicina Futura Medical Center, Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Renata S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Auriemma
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Endocrinology Section, University "Federico II", Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Rosario
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pivonello
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Endocrinology Section, University "Federico II", Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Annamaria
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Colao
keywords: Cushing’s syndrome; GH; GH deficiency; IGF-I; acromegaly; cortisol; tendinopathy; tendons