title: Genetic characterization of strains of Saccharomyces uvarum from New Zealand wineries.
abstract: We present a genetic characterization of 65 isolates of Saccharomyces uvarum isolated from wineries in New Zealand, along with the complete nucleotide sequence of a single sulfite-tolerant isolate. The genome of the New Zealand isolate averaged 99.85% nucleotide identity to CBS7001, the previously sequenced strain of S. uvarum. However, three genomic segments (37-87 kb) showed 10% nucleotide divergence from CBS7001 but 99% identity to Saccharomyces eubayanus. We conclude that these three segments appear to have been introgressed from that species. The nucleotide sequence of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region from other New Zealand isolates were also very similar to that of CBS7001, and hybrids showed complete genetic compatibility for some strains, with tetrads giving four viable progeny that showed 2:2 segregations of marker genes. Some strains showed high tolerance to sulfite, with genetic analysis indicating linkage of this trait to the transcription factor FZF1, but not to SSU1, the sulfite efflux pump that it regulates in order to confer sulfite tolerance in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The fermentation characteristics of selected strains of S. uvarum showed exceptionally good cold fermentation characteristics, superior to the best commercially available strains of S. cerevisiae.
authors.affiliation: Wine Science Programme, School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand; Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, Yunnan Province 650224, PR China.
authors.forename: Hanyao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Wine Science Programme, School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Keith D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Richards
authors.affiliation: Wine Science Programme, School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.affiliation: Wine Science Programme, School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Soon A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Wine Science Programme, School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Hester
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sheehan
authors.affiliation: Wine Science Programme, School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Miguel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Roncoroni
authors.affiliation: Wine Science Programme, School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand. Electronic address: r.gardner@auckland.ac.nz.
authors.forename: Richard C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Gardner
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D005285:Fermentation; D018895:Microsatellite Repeats; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016533:Mycological Typing Techniques; D009520:New Zealand; D010802:Phylogeny; D012440:Saccharomyces / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D014920:Wine / Q000382:microbiology*
keywords: Cold fermentation; Genome sequence; Microsatellite polymorphism; Saccharomyces eubayanus; Saccharomyces uvarum; Sulfite tolerance