title: Leptin is associated with mood status and metabolic homeostasis in patients with bipolar disorder.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Patients with bipolar disorder are at a high risk for becoming obese. Adipokines are associated with depression and obesity via the inflammatory process. However, few studies have investigated the associations between depression and leptin, adiponectin and resistin levels in patients with bipolar disorder. We explored the associations between serum levels of leptin, adiponectin and resistin and mood and metabolic status in patients with bipolar disorder.
  
  
  METHODS
  Body mass index (BMI) and serum leptin, adiponectin and resistin levels were assessed in 94 Korean patients with bipolar disorder. The Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression-17 and the Young Mania Rating Scale were used to assess mood state.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Leptin (17.19 ± 13.08 vs. 10.47 ± 10.05 ng/ml; p = 0.008) and adiponectin (10.51 ± 8.37 vs. 5.91 ± 2.82 μg/ml; p = 0.001) levels were higher in female than in male patients. After adjusting for mood state, age, smoking, alcohol habit, and BMI in a multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA), leptin (17.86 ± 1.22 vs. 10.05 ± 1.48 ng/ml; p < 0.001) and adiponectin (10.18 ± 0.98 vs. 6.40 ± 1.19 μg/ml; p = 0.027) levels were still higher in female than in male patients. Compared to euthymic patients, depressed patients had higher levels of leptin (17.37 ± 14.69 vs. 11.65 ± 9.04 ng/ml; p = 0.024), but there was no significant difference in adiponectin and resistin levels between the two groups. After adjusting for age, gender and BMI in the MANCOVA, leptin levels were also significantly higher in depressed (16.78 ± 1.34 ng/ml) than in euthymic patients (10.73 ± 1.22 ng/ml; p = 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Leptin is closely associated with the regulation of mood and metabolic homeostasis in patients with bipolar disorder.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea.
authors.forename: Hyun Jeong
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Se Hyun
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Eun Young
authors.initials: EY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Nam Young
authors.initials: NY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Han Young
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Yong Sik
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Yong Min
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Ahn
mesh_terms: D052242:Adiponectin / Q000097:blood; D000328:Adult; D000339:Affect / Q000502:physiology*; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000097:blood* / Q000523:psychology; D003863:Depression / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D006706:Homeostasis; D006801:Humans; D020738:Leptin / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D052243:Resistin / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D052242:Adiponectin; D020738:Leptin; D052243:Resistin