title: Dominance hierarchy arising from the evolution of a complex small RNA regulatory network.
abstract: The prevention of fertilization through self-pollination (or pollination by a close relative) in the Brassicaceae plant family is determined by the genotype of the plant at the self-incompatibility locus (S locus). The many alleles at this locus exhibit a dominance hierarchy that determines which of the two allelic specificities of a heterozygous genotype is expressed at the phenotypic level. Here, we uncover the evolution of how at least 17 small RNA (sRNA)-producing loci and their multiple target sites collectively control the dominance hierarchy among alleles within the gene controlling the pollen S-locus phenotype in a self-incompatible Arabidopsis species. Selection has created a dynamic repertoire of sRNA-target interactions by jointly acting on sRNA genes and their target sites, which has resulted in a complex system of regulation among alleles.
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire Génétique et Evolution des Populations Végétales, CNRS UMR 8198, Université Lille 1, F-59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq cedex, France.
authors.forename: Eléonore
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Durand
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire Génétique et Evolution des Populations Végétales, CNRS UMR 8198, Université Lille 1, F-59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq cedex, France.
authors.forename: Raphaël
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Méheust
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire Génétique et Evolution des Populations Végétales, CNRS UMR 8198, Université Lille 1, F-59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq cedex, France.
authors.forename: Marion
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Soucaze
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire Génétique et Evolution des Populations Végétales, CNRS UMR 8198, Université Lille 1, F-59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq cedex, France.
authors.forename: Pauline M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Goubet
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire Génétique et Evolution des Populations Végétales, CNRS UMR 8198, Université Lille 1, F-59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq cedex, France.
authors.forename: Sophie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gallina
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire Génétique et Evolution des Populations Végétales, CNRS UMR 8198, Université Lille 1, F-59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq cedex, France.
authors.forename: Céline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Poux
authors.affiliation: Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Institut Fédératif de Recherche 128, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, F-69364 Lyon, Cedex 07, France.
authors.forename: Isabelle
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Fobis-Loisy
authors.affiliation: Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Institut Fédératif de Recherche 128, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, F-69364 Lyon, Cedex 07, France.
authors.forename: Eline
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Guillon
authors.affiliation: Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Institut Fédératif de Recherche 128, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, F-69364 Lyon, Cedex 07, France.
authors.forename: Thierry
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Gaude
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Alexis
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sarazin
authors.affiliation: UDSL Université Lille 2 Droit et Santé, and Plate-forme de génomique fonctionnelle et structurale IFR-114, F-59000 Lille, France.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Figeac
authors.affiliation: Centre National des Ressources Génomiques Végétales, INRA UPR 1258, Castanet-Tolosan, France.
authors.forename: Elisa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Prat
authors.affiliation: Centre National des Ressources Génomiques Végétales, INRA UPR 1258, Castanet-Tolosan, France.
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Marande
authors.affiliation: Centre National des Ressources Génomiques Végétales, INRA UPR 1258, Castanet-Tolosan, France.
authors.forename: Hélène
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bergès
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire Génétique et Evolution des Populations Végétales, CNRS UMR 8198, Université Lille 1, F-59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq cedex, France.
authors.forename: Xavier
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Vekemans
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire Génétique et Evolution des Populations Végétales, CNRS UMR 8198, Université Lille 1, F-59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq cedex, France.
authors.forename: Sylvain
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Billiard
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire Génétique et Evolution des Populations Végétales, CNRS UMR 8198, Université Lille 1, F-59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq cedex, France. vincent.castric@univ-lille1.fr.
authors.forename: Vincent
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Castric
mesh_terms: D000483:Alleles; D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000235:genetics*; D005075:Biological Evolution; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D053263:Gene Regulatory Networks; D005799:Genes, Dominant; D005808:Genes, Recessive; D056426:Genetic Loci; D008958:Models, Molecular; D010802:Phylogeny; D054817:Pollination; D058727:RNA, Small Untranslated / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics*; D012641:Selection, Genetic
chemical_list: D058727:RNA, Small Untranslated