title: Azathioprine does not reduce adenoma formation in a mouse model of sporadic intestinal tumorigenesis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate if azathioprine could reduce adenoma formation in Apc(Min/+) , a mouse model of sporadic intestinal tumorigenesis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Azathioprine was administered via drinking water (estimated 6-20 mg/kg body weight per day) to Apc(Min/+) and wildtype mice. Control animals received vehicle only (DMSO) dissolved in drinking water. At 15 wk of age all mice were sacrificed and intestines of Apc(Min/+) were harvested for evaluation of polyp number. Azathioprine induced toxicity was investigated by immunohistochemical analysis on spleens.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All azathioprine treated mice showed signs of drug-associated toxicity such as weight loss and development of splenic T-cell lymphomas. Although this suggests that the thiopurine concentration was clearly in the therapeutic range, it did not reduce tumor formation (48 ± 3.1 adenomas vs 59 ± 5.7 adenomas, P = 0.148).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that in the absence of inflammation, azathioprine does not affect intestinal tumorigenesis.
authors.affiliation: Mattheus CB Wielenga, Jooske F van Lidth de Jeude, Sanne L Rosekrans, Alon D Levin, Monique Schukking, Geert RAM D'Haens, Jarom Heijmans, Vanesa Muncan, Gijs R van den Brink, Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research and Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Academic Medical Center, 1105BK Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Mattheus C B
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Wielenga
authors.affiliation: Mattheus CB Wielenga, Jooske F van Lidth de Jeude, Sanne L Rosekrans, Alon D Levin, Monique Schukking, Geert RAM D'Haens, Jarom Heijmans, Vanesa Muncan, Gijs R van den Brink, Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research and Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Academic Medical Center, 1105BK Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Jooske F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: van Lidth de Jeude
authors.affiliation: Mattheus CB Wielenga, Jooske F van Lidth de Jeude, Sanne L Rosekrans, Alon D Levin, Monique Schukking, Geert RAM D'Haens, Jarom Heijmans, Vanesa Muncan, Gijs R van den Brink, Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research and Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Academic Medical Center, 1105BK Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Sanne L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Rosekrans
authors.affiliation: Mattheus CB Wielenga, Jooske F van Lidth de Jeude, Sanne L Rosekrans, Alon D Levin, Monique Schukking, Geert RAM D'Haens, Jarom Heijmans, Vanesa Muncan, Gijs R van den Brink, Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research and Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Academic Medical Center, 1105BK Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Alon D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Levin
authors.affiliation: Mattheus CB Wielenga, Jooske F van Lidth de Jeude, Sanne L Rosekrans, Alon D Levin, Monique Schukking, Geert RAM D'Haens, Jarom Heijmans, Vanesa Muncan, Gijs R van den Brink, Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research and Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Academic Medical Center, 1105BK Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Monique
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schukking
authors.affiliation: Mattheus CB Wielenga, Jooske F van Lidth de Jeude, Sanne L Rosekrans, Alon D Levin, Monique Schukking, Geert RAM D'Haens, Jarom Heijmans, Vanesa Muncan, Gijs R van den Brink, Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research and Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Academic Medical Center, 1105BK Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Geert R A M
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: D'Haens
authors.affiliation: Mattheus CB Wielenga, Jooske F van Lidth de Jeude, Sanne L Rosekrans, Alon D Levin, Monique Schukking, Geert RAM D'Haens, Jarom Heijmans, Vanesa Muncan, Gijs R van den Brink, Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research and Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Academic Medical Center, 1105BK Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Jarom
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Heijmans
authors.affiliation: Mattheus CB Wielenga, Jooske F van Lidth de Jeude, Sanne L Rosekrans, Alon D Levin, Monique Schukking, Geert RAM D'Haens, Jarom Heijmans, Vanesa Muncan, Gijs R van den Brink, Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research and Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Academic Medical Center, 1105BK Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Marnix
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jansen
authors.affiliation: Mattheus CB Wielenga, Jooske F van Lidth de Jeude, Sanne L Rosekrans, Alon D Levin, Monique Schukking, Geert RAM D'Haens, Jarom Heijmans, Vanesa Muncan, Gijs R van den Brink, Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research and Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Academic Medical Center, 1105BK Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Vanesa
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Muncan
authors.affiliation: Mattheus CB Wielenga, Jooske F van Lidth de Jeude, Sanne L Rosekrans, Alon D Levin, Monique Schukking, Geert RAM D'Haens, Jarom Heijmans, Vanesa Muncan, Gijs R van den Brink, Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research and Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Academic Medical Center, 1105BK Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Gijs R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: van den Brink
mesh_terms: D011125:Adenomatous Polyposis Coli / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D000818:Animals; D016588:Anticarcinogenic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D001379:Azathioprine / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D005260:Female; D017491:Genes, APC; D016399:Lymphoma, T-Cell / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D013160:Splenic Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000473:pathology; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D016588:Anticarcinogenic Agents; D001379:Azathioprine
keywords: ApcMin; Azathioprine; Chemoprevention; Colon cancer; Intestinal adenoma; Lymphoma; Polyp; Thiopurine