title: Elevated serum glucose levels and survival after acute heart failure: a population-based perspective.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Limited data are available about the characteristics, treatment and survival in patients without diabetes mellitus (DM), previously diagnosed DM and patients with hyperglycaemia who present with acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF). Our objectives were to examine differences in these endpoints in patients hospitalized with ADHF.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients hospitalized with ADHF during 1995, 2000, 2002 and 2004 comprised the study population.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 5428 non-diabetic patients were hospitalized with ADHF, 3807 with diagnosed DM and 513 with admission hyperglycaemia. Patients with admission hyperglycaemia experienced the highest in-hospital death rates (9.9%) compared to those with diagnosed DM (6.5%) and non-diabetics (7.5%). Patients with diagnosed DM had the greatest risk of dying after hospital discharge.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients with elevated blood glucose levels at hospital admission are more likely to die acutely. After resolution of the acute illness, patients with previously diagnosed DM need careful monitoring and enhanced treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Benjamin K I
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Helfand
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Nicholas J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Maselli
authors.affiliation: Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Darleen M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Lessard
authors.affiliation: Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Jorge
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yarzebski
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Joel M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Gore
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.
authors.forename: David D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: McManus
authors.affiliation: Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Jane S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Saczynski
authors.affiliation: Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA robert.goldberg@umassmed.edu.
authors.forename: Robert J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Goldberg
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis*; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000401:mortality* / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000401:mortality* / Q000628:therapy; D017052:Hospital Mortality; D006801:Humans; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000401:mortality* / Q000628:therapy; D008297:Male; D008404:Massachusetts / Q000453:epidemiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D010343:Patient Admission; D010351:Patient Discharge; D011379:Prognosis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D001786:Blood Glucose
keywords: Epidemiology; cardiology; chronic diseases; diabetes; heart failure; hyperglycaemia