title: Validation of the Mandarin Chinese version of the Leicester Cough Questionnaire in bronchiectasis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The Leicester Cough Questionnaire (LCQ) has been validated for assessing cough-specific health status in bronchiectasis. We translated the LCQ into Mandarin Chinese and investigated its validity, reliability and responsiveness.
  
  
  METHODS
  The LCQ was translated into Mandarin Chinese using the forward-backward translation procedure. A total of 144 out-patients completed the Mandarin Chinese version of the LCQ (LCQ-MC), the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and the St George's Respiratory Questionnaire. Reassessments were performed during exacerbations and at 6 months. Concurrent validation, internal consistency, repeatability and responsiveness were determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Minor cultural adaptations were made to the wording of LCQ-MC. No other difficulties were found during the translation process, with all items easily adapted to acceptable Mandarin Chinese. The questionnaire was not changed in terms of content layout and the order of the questions. In cognitive debriefing interviews, participants reported that the questionnaire was acceptable, relevant, comprehensive and easy to complete. The LCQ-MC showed good concurrent validity, internal consistency and test-retest reliability. Responsiveness was shown by significant changes in LCQ-MC scores between steady state, the first exacerbation and following 2-week antibiotic treatment (both interval changes, P < 0.01) CONCLUSION: The LCQ-MC is a valid, reliable and responsive instrument for determining cough-specific health status in Chinese bronchiectasis patients.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, National Clinical Research Centre for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Y-H
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, National Clinical Research Centre for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: W-J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Guan
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, National Clinical Research Centre for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, National Clinical Research Centre for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, National Clinical Research Centre for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Z-Y
authors.initials: ZY
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, National Clinical Research Centre for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, National Clinical Research Centre for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Z-M
authors.initials: ZM
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, National Clinical Research Centre for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: H-M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, National Clinical Research Centre for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Q
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.affiliation: tate Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, National Clinical Research Centre for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: N-S
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Zhong
authors.affiliation: Division of Asthma, Allergy and Lung Biology, King's College London, London, UK.
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Birring
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, National Clinical Research Centre for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: R-C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D044466:Asian People / Q000523:psychology*; D001987:Bronchiectasis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000208:ethnology / Q000523:psychology; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D003466:Cultural Characteristics; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006305:Health Status Indicators; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011788:Quality of Life; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013997:Time Factors; D014175:Translating; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents