title: Recent advances in peptide-based subunit nanovaccines.
abstract: Vaccination is the most efficient way to protect humans against pathogens. Peptide-based vaccines offer several advantages over classical vaccines, which utilized whole organisms or proteins. However, peptides alone are not immunogenic and need a delivery system that can boost their recognition by the immune system. In recent years, nanotechnology-based approaches have become one of the most promising strategies in peptide vaccine delivery. This review summarizes knowledge on peptide vaccines and nanotechnology-based approaches for their delivery. The recently reported nano-sized delivery platforms for peptide antigens are reviewed, including nanoparticles composed of polymers, peptides, lipids, inorganic materials and nanotubes. The future prospects for peptide-based nanovaccines are discussed.
authors.affiliation: School of Chemistry & Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia.
authors.forename: Mariusz
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Skwarczynski
authors.forename: Istvan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Toth
mesh_terms: D000941:Antigens / Q000276:immunology; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D018014:Gene Transfer Techniques; D006801:Humans; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D043942:Nanotubes / Q000737:chemistry; D010455:Peptides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014611:Vaccination; D014612:Vaccines / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D000941:Antigens; D010455:Peptides; D014612:Vaccines
keywords: adjuvant; dendrimers; lipids; macromolecules; nanoparticles; nanotechnology; peptide vaccine; polymer; self-assembly; vaccine delivery