title: The neuroprotective effect of magnesium sulfate in preterm fetal mice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the use of magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) as a neuroprotective agent in a mouse model of inflammation-associated and noninflammation-associated preterm birth.
  
  
  METHODS
  On embryonic day 15 of gestation, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and mifepristone (RU486) were used, respectively, to create mouse models of inflammation and noninflammation-associated preterm birth. After intraperitoneal injection of LPS, RU486, or normal saline solution (NS), dams were randomized to intraperitoneal MgSO4 or NS injection. From the 6 treatment groups (NS+NS, LPS+NS, NS+MgSO4, LPS+MgSO4, RU486+NS and RU486+MgSO4), fetal brains were collected for Western blot analysis and neuronal cultures. Protein expression of S100B was assessed, and immunohistochemistry was performed to detect NeuN. The numbers of NeuN-labeled cells were counted using confocal laser scanning microscopy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The expression of S100B significantly differed among the groups and was decreased in the LPS+MgSO4 group compared to the LPS+NS group. The expression of S100B did not differ between the RU486+NS and RU486+MgSO4 groups. NeuN-labeled cells were increased in the LPS+MgSO4 group compared with the LPS+NS group. NeuN-labeled cells were decreased in the RU486+MgSO4 group compared with the RU486+NS group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We observed that prenatal treatment with MgSO4 was associated with decreased expression of S100B and increased numbers of NeuN-labeled cells in an inflammation-associated preterm mouse model but not in a noninflammation-associated preterm mouse model. Our results suggest that prenatal treatment of MgSO4 reduces inflammation-associated brain injury in fetal mice.
authors.forename: Geum Joon
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: Hye-Ri
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.forename: Soon-Cheol
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.forename: Min-Jeong
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.forename: Hai-Joong
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002547:Cerebral Palsy / Q000517:prevention & control; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004660:Encephalitis / Q000188:drug therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism; D008278:Magnesium Sulfate / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D051379:Mice; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D011247:Pregnancy; D047928:Premature Birth / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D064568:S100 Calcium Binding Protein beta Subunit / Q000378:metabolism; D015149:Tocolytic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; C492380:NeuN protein, mouse; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D064568:S100 Calcium Binding Protein beta Subunit; C579159:S100b protein, mouse; D015149:Tocolytic Agents; D008278:Magnesium Sulfate