title: Analysis of Charges Associated with Definitive Nonsurgical Therapy for Early-Stage Lateralized Tonsil Cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The cost of treatment as it affects comparative effectiveness is becoming increasingly more important. Because cost data are not readily available, we evaluated the charges associated with definitive nonsurgical therapy for early-stage lateralized tonsil cancers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients treated with unilateral radiation therapy (RT) for T1 or T2 tonsil cancer between 1995 and 2007 were retrospectively reviewed. Total and radiation-specific charges, from 3 months before to 4 months after radiation, were adjusted for inflation. All facets of treatment were evaluated for significant associations with total billing.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eighty-four patients were identified. Three-year overall survival, disease-specific survival, and recurrence-free survival were 97 % [95 % confidence interval (CI) 0.88-0.99], 98 % (95 % CI 0.89-1), and 96 % (95 % CI 0.88-0.99), respectively. The median for radiation-specific charges was $60,412 (range $16,811-$84,792). The median for total charges associated with treatment was $109,917 (range $36,680-$231,895). Total billing for treatment was significantly associated with the year of diagnosis (p = 0.008), intensity-modulated radiation therapy versus wedge pair RT (p = 0.005), preradiation direct laryngoscopy (p < 0.0001), chemotherapy (p < 0.0001), gastrostomy tube placement (p = 0.004), and postradiation neck dissection (p = 0.005).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although cost data for treatment are not readily available, historically, the recovery rate is approximately 30 %. The charges associated with definitive nonsurgical therapy for early-stage lateralized tonsil cancer have a wide range likely due to treatment-related procedures, the use of chemotherapy, and evolving RT technologies. These benchmark data are important given renewed interested in primary surgery for tonsil cancer. Cost of care, disease control, and functional outcomes will be critical for comparisons of effectiveness when selecting treatment modalities.
authors.affiliation: Department of Head and Neck Surgery, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA, cmlewis@mdanderson.org.
authors.forename: Carol M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Lewis
authors.forename: Gregory M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Chronowski
authors.forename: Wenli
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.forename: G Brandon
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Gunn
authors.forename: David I
authors.initials: DI
authors.lastname: Rosenthal
authors.forename: Randal S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Weber
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000191:economics; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005251:Fees, Medical; D005260:Female; D005774:Gastrostomy / Q000191:economics; D006801:Humans; D007828:Laryngoscopy / Q000191:economics; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D037981:Neck Dissection / Q000191:economics; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D050397:Radiotherapy, Intensity-Modulated / Q000191:economics; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate; D014067:Tonsillar Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D014068:Tonsillectomy / Q000191:economics
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents