title: Relationship of blood levels of Pb with Cu, Zn, Ca, Mg, Fe, and Hb in children aged 0 ∼ 6 years from Wuhan, China.
abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship of blood lead (Pb) levels with copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe), and hemoglobin (Hb) in children aged from 0-6 years in Wuhan, China. A total of 1047 children from six communities, which were randomly selected in Wuhan city and three communities, located in the urban area and others in the suburban area, were recruited for this study between November 2012 and July 2013. The levels of elements in the blood were detected using an atomic absorption spectrometer, and Hb level was tested by an automated hematology analyzer. The results showed that the mean blood lead level (BLL) is 33.72 ± 19.03 μg/L. The BLL was significantly higher among boys than girls (P < 0.05). Higher BLL was also observed in suburbs compared to that in urban areas (P < 0.05). The BLL and Zn level were gradually increased with age. The elevated rate of BLL in children was 20.9 %, while the Zn deficiency rate was 65.0 %. And, the level of Hb in higher BLL group was significantly lower. Negative correlations of the blood levels of Pb with those of Cu (r = -0.087, P = 0.005), Mg (r = -0.102, P = 0.001), and Fe (r = -0.091, P = 0.003) were observed. These data suggested that the elevated rate of BLL in children from Wuhan is still higher according to the updated reference values in the USA. The deficiency of Cu, Mg, and Fe may indicate the elevation of lead absorption. The dietary supplement of Zn, Ca, and Fe in children requires more attention.
authors.affiliation: Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Donghu Road 115, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jingping
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.forename: Chuang
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Du
authors.forename: Lu
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Zhen
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Shaoxin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Liping
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Yongyi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Bi
authors.forename: Chunhong
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D002118:Calcium / Q000097:blood*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002681:China; D003300:Copper / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007501:Iron / Q000097:blood*; D007854:Lead / Q000097:blood*; D008274:Magnesium / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D015032:Zinc / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D006454:Hemoglobins; D007854:Lead; D003300:Copper; D007501:Iron; D008274:Magnesium; D015032:Zinc; D002118:Calcium