title: Platinum-based chemotherapy: gastrointestinal immunomodulation and enteric nervous system toxicity.
abstract: The efficacy of chemotherapeutic treatment of colorectal cancer is challenged by severe gastrointestinal side effects, which include nausea, vomiting, constipation, and diarrhea. These symptoms can persist long after the treatment has been ceased. An emerging concept is the ability of platinum-based drugs to stimulate immunity, which is in contrast to conventional chemotherapeutic agents that are immunosuppressive. Here, we review the immunomodulatory aspects of platinum-based anticancer chemotherapeutics and their impact on gastrointestinal innervation. Given the bidirectional communication between the enteric nervous system and gastrointestinal immune system; exploring the consequences of platinum-induced immunogenicity will facilitate better understanding of gut dysfunction caused by chemotherapeutic agents. We propose that the development of future successful chemotherapeutics should rely on targeting the mechanisms underlying long-term gastrointestinal side effects.
authors.affiliation: College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Western Centre for Health, Research and Education, St Albans, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: Vanesa
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Stojanovska
authors.affiliation: College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Western Centre for Health, Research and Education, St Albans, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: Samy
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sakkal
authors.affiliation: College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Western Centre for Health, Research and Education, St Albans, Victoria, Australia kulmira.nurgali@vu.edu.au.
authors.forename: Kulmira
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nurgali
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016190:Carboplatin / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000009:adverse effects*; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*; D017615:Enteric Nervous System / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology / Q000503:physiopathology; D041981:Gastrointestinal Tract / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology / Q000294:innervation; D006801:Humans; D007107:Immune System / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology / Q000503:physiopathology; D020258:Neurotoxicity Syndromes / Q000209:etiology* / Q000276:immunology / Q000503:physiopathology; D009944:Organoplatinum Compounds / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000077150:Oxaliplatin; D012307:Risk Factors; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D009944:Organoplatinum Compounds; D000077150:Oxaliplatin; D016190:Carboplatin; D002945:Cisplatin
keywords: chemotherapy; enteric nervous system; gastrointestinal side effects; immune response; neuroimmune interactions; platinum