title: Cometary science. 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko, a Jupiter family comet with a high D/H ratio.
abstract: The provenance of water and organic compounds on Earth and other terrestrial planets has been discussed for a long time without reaching a consensus. One of the best means to distinguish between different scenarios is by determining the deuterium-to-hydrogen (D/H) ratios in the reservoirs for comets and Earth's oceans. Here, we report the direct in situ measurement of the D/H ratio in the Jupiter family comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko by the ROSINA mass spectrometer aboard the European Space Agency's Rosetta spacecraft, which is found to be (5.3 ± 0.7) × 10(-4)—that is, approximately three times the terrestrial value. Previous cometary measurements and our new finding suggest a wide range of D/H ratios in the water within Jupiter family objects and preclude the idea that this reservoir is solely composed of Earth ocean-like water.
authors.affiliation: Physikalisches Institut, University of Bern, Sidlerstrasse 5, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. altwegg@space.unibe.ch.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Altwegg
authors.affiliation: Physikalisches Institut, University of Bern, Sidlerstrasse 5, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Balsiger
authors.affiliation: Department of Geosciences, Tel-Aviv University, Ramat-Aviv, Tel-Aviv, Israel.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bar-Nun
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), 4 Avenue de Neptune, F-94100 Saint-Maur, France.
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Berthelier
authors.affiliation: Physikalisches Institut, University of Bern, Sidlerstrasse 5, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. Department of Atmospheric, Oceanic and Space Sciences, University of Michigan, 2455 Hayward, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bieler
authors.affiliation: Physikalisches Institut, University of Bern, Sidlerstrasse 5, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bochsler
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environnement et de l'Espace (LPC2E), UMR 6115 CNRS-Université d'Orléans, France.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Briois
authors.affiliation: Physikalisches Institut, University of Bern, Sidlerstrasse 5, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland.
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Calmonte
authors.affiliation: Department of Atmospheric, Oceanic and Space Sciences, University of Michigan, 2455 Hayward, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Combi
authors.affiliation: Space Physics Division, Belgisch Instituut voor Ruimte-Aëronomie (BIRA)-Institut d'Aéronomie Spatiale de Belgique (IASB), Ringlaan 3, B-1180 Brussels, Belgium.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: De Keyser
authors.affiliation: Physikalisches Institut, University of Bern, Sidlerstrasse 5, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Eberhardt
authors.affiliation: Institute of Computer and Network Engineering (IDA), Technicsche Universität Braunschweig, Hans-Sommer-Straße 66, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Fiethe
authors.affiliation: Department of Space Science, Southwest Research Institute, 6220 Culebra Road, San Antonio, TX 78228, USA.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fuselier
authors.affiliation: Physikalisches Institut, University of Bern, Sidlerstrasse 5, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gasc
authors.affiliation: Department of Atmospheric, Oceanic and Space Sciences, University of Michigan, 2455 Hayward, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
authors.forename: T I
authors.initials: TI
authors.lastname: Gombosi
authors.affiliation: Department of Atmospheric, Oceanic and Space Sciences, University of Michigan, 2455 Hayward, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
authors.forename: K C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Hansen
authors.affiliation: Physikalisches Institut, University of Bern, Sidlerstrasse 5, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. Department of Space Science, Southwest Research Institute, 6220 Culebra Road, San Antonio, TX 78228, USA.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hässig
authors.affiliation: Physikalisches Institut, University of Bern, Sidlerstrasse 5, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jäckel
authors.affiliation: Physikalisches Institut, University of Bern, Sidlerstrasse 5, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kopp
authors.affiliation: Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 3, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Korth
authors.affiliation: Physikalisches Institut, University of Bern, Sidlerstrasse 5, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: LeRoy
authors.affiliation: Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 3, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Mall
authors.affiliation: Centre de Recherches Pétrographiques et Géochimiques, Centre de Recherches Pétrographiques et Géochimiques (CRPG)-CNRS, Université de Lorraine, 15 rue Notre Dame des Pauvres, BP 20, 54501 Vandoeuvre lès Nancy, France.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Marty
authors.affiliation: Université de Franche-Comté, Institut Univers, Transport, Interfaces, Nanostructures, Atmosphère et Environnement, Molécules (UTINAM), CNRS/Institut National des Sciences de l'Univers (INSU), UMR 6213 Besançon Cedex, France.
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Mousis
authors.affiliation: Space Physics Division, Belgisch Instituut voor Ruimte-Aëronomie (BIRA)-Institut d'Aéronomie Spatiale de Belgique (IASB), Ringlaan 3, B-1180 Brussels, Belgium.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Neefs
authors.affiliation: Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Owen
authors.affiliation: Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier (UPS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie (IRAP), Toulouse, France. CNRS, IRAP, 9 Avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 44346, F-31028 Toulouse cedex 4, France.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Rème
authors.affiliation: Physikalisches Institut, University of Bern, Sidlerstrasse 5, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rubin
authors.affiliation: Physikalisches Institut, University of Bern, Sidlerstrasse 5, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sémon
authors.affiliation: Physikalisches Institut, University of Bern, Sidlerstrasse 5, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland.
authors.forename: C-Y
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Tzou
authors.affiliation: Department of Space Science, Southwest Research Institute, 6220 Culebra Road, San Antonio, TX 78228, USA.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Waite
authors.affiliation: Physikalisches Institut, University of Bern, Sidlerstrasse 5, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wurz