title: Incidental ganglioneuromas: a presentation of 14 surgical cases and literature review.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Ganglioneuromas are benign tumors which originate from the neural crest. This tumor affects mainly young patients rather than adult ones, and its most frequent localizations are mediastinum, retroperitoneum, adrenal glands and cervical region. Usually, ganglioneuromas are discovered as incidentalomas since they are often asymptomatic, even if they could present sympathetic or mass-related symptoms. To obtain a definitive diagnosis, histological exam is necessary since CT scan and MRI are not capable of distinguishing ganglioneuromas from other tumors, such as neuroblastomas or pheocromocytomas. The surgical excision is the chosen treatment and it offers an excellent prognosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a retrospective analysis of our cases of ganglioneuroma from 2004 to 2014; this study aims to compare our experience with literature review (2000-2014). Data about patients' features, tumor localization, symptoms, treatment and follow-up were analyzed and reported in detailed tables.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Between 2004 and 2014 we treated 14 patients affected by ganglioneuroma. For all of them the diagnosis was incidental; 9 out of 12 (64.3 %) patients presented an adrenal mass; in 2 patients (14.3 %) the tumor was localized in cervical region; in other 2 patients (14.3 %) the tumor was in the retroperitoneum and one patient (7.1 %) presented a ganglioneuroma in the costo-vertebral space. All our patients underwent surgical removal and none of them present surgery-related complications or recurrences to date.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data widen the knowledge about ganglioneuroma and confirm that the surgical approach has an excellent prognosis with very low incidence of surgery-related complications and recurrences.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical, Medical, Pathological, Molecular and Critic Area, University of Pisa, Via Paradisa 2, 56124, Pisa, Italy. c.spinelli@dc.med.unipi.it.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Spinelli
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical, Medical, Pathological, Molecular and Critic Area, University of Pisa, Via Paradisa 2, 56124, Pisa, Italy. leonardros@libero.it.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rossi
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical, Medical, Pathological, Molecular and Critic Area, University of Pisa, Via Paradisa 2, 56124, Pisa, Italy. arianna.barbetta@gmail.com.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Barbetta
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine and Integrated Diagnostics, Section of Experimental Pathology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy. clara.ugolini@gmail.com.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ugolini
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical, Medical, Pathological, Molecular and Critic Area, University of Pisa, Via Paradisa 2, 56124, Pisa, Italy. sil.strambi@gmail.com.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Strambi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000310:Adrenal Gland Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery; D000328:Adult; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005729:Ganglioneuroma / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D033162:Incidental Findings; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Adrenal gland; Ganglioneuroma; Incidentaloma; Surgical resection