title: Visualization of the primo vascular system afloat in a lymph duct.
abstract: Because of the potential roles of the primo vascular system (PVS) in cancer metastasis, immune function, and regeneration, understanding the molecular biology of the PVS is desirable. The current state of PVS research is comparable to that of lymph research prior to the advent of Lymphatic vessel endothelial hyaluronan receptor 1 (LYVE-1). There is very little knowledge of the molecular biology of the PVS due to difficulties in identifying and isolating primo endothelial cells. Present investigations rely on the morphology and the use of differential staining procedures to identify the PVS within tissues, making detailed molecular studies all but impossible. To overcome such difficulties, one may emulate the explosive development of lymph molecular biology. For this purpose, there is a need for a reliable method to obtain PVS specimens to initiate the molecular investigation. One of the most reliable methods is to detect the primo vessels and primo nodes afloat in the lymph flow. The protocols for observation of the PVS in the large lymph ducts in the abdominal cavity and the thoracic cavity were reported earlier. These methods require a laparectomy and skillful techniques. In this work, we present a protocol to identify and harvest PVS specimens from the lymph ducts connecting the inguinal and the axillary nodes, which are located entirely in the skin. Thus, the PVS specimen is more easily obtainable. This method is a stepping-stone toward development of a system to monitor migration of cancer cells in metastasis from a breast tumor to the axillary nodes, where cancer cells use the PVS as a survival rope in hostile lymph flow.
authors.affiliation: Nano Primo Research Center, Advanced Institute of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon, Republic of Korea; Department of Transdisciplinary Studies, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Sharon Jiyoon
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.affiliation: Nano Primo Research Center, Advanced Institute of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Seung-Hwan
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Nano Primo Research Center, Advanced Institute of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: wushu117@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Kyoung-Hee
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Bae
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hee Min
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.affiliation: Department of Transdisciplinary Studies, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Yoon Kyu
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Nano Primo Research Center, Advanced Institute of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: kssoh@snu.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Kwang-Sup
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Soh
mesh_terms: D000423:Alcian Blue / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry; D000818:Animals; D042601:Lymphatic Vessels / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D008297:Male; D016740:Meridians; D008858:Microscopy, Phase-Contrast; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D000423:Alcian Blue
keywords: Alcian blue; cancer metastasis; lymph; primo vascular system; visualization