title: P2X and P2Y receptors—role in the pathophysiology of the nervous system.
abstract: Purinergic signalling plays a crucial role in proper functioning of the nervous system. Mechanisms depending on extracellular nucleotides and their P2 receptors also underlie a number of nervous system dysfunctions. This review aims to present the role of purinergic signalling, with particular focus devoted to role of P2 family receptors, in epilepsy, depression, neuropathic pain, nervous system neoplasms, such as glioma and neuroblastoma, neurodegenerative diseases like Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease and multiple sclerosis. The above-mentioned conditions are associated with changes in expression of extracellular ectonucleotidases, P2X and P2Y receptors in neurons and glial cells, as well as releasing considerable amounts of nucleotides from activated or damaged nervous tissue cells into the extracellular space, which contributes to disturbance in purinergic signalling. The numerous studies indicate a potential possibility of using synthetic agonists/antagonists of P2 receptors in treatment of selected nervous system diseases. This is of particular significance, since numerous available agents reveal a low effectiveness and often produce side effects.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University, 72 Powstańców Wielkopolskich Street, Szczecin 70-111, Poland. kamila.puchalowicz@op.pl.
authors.forename: Kamila
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Puchałowicz
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, 72 Powstańców Wielkopolskich Street, Szczecin 70-111, Poland. maciejt@pum.edu.pl.
authors.forename: Maciej
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tarnowski
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University, 72 Powstańców Wielkopolskich Street, Szczecin 70-111, Poland. irena.bosiacka@pum.edu.pl.
authors.forename: Irena
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Baranowska-Bosiacka
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University, 72 Powstańców Wielkopolskich Street, Szczecin 70-111, Poland. dchlubek@pum.edu.pl.
authors.forename: Dariusz
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Chlubek
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University, 72 Powstańców Wielkopolskich Street, Szczecin 70-111, Poland. viola@pum.edu.pl.
authors.forename: Violetta
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Dziedziejko
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006801:Humans; D009422:Nervous System Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D058910:Purinergic P2 Receptor Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D058919:Purinergic P2 Receptor Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D058469:Receptors, Purinergic P2X / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D058470:Receptors, Purinergic P2Y / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D058910:Purinergic P2 Receptor Agonists; D058919:Purinergic P2 Receptor Antagonists; D058469:Receptors, Purinergic P2X; D058470:Receptors, Purinergic P2Y