title: Insights from the supplementary motor area syndrome in balancing movement initiation and inhibition.
abstract: The supplementary motor area (SMA) syndrome is a characteristic neurosurgical syndrome that can occur after unilateral resection of the SMA. Clinical symptoms may vary from none to a global akinesia, predominantly on the contralateral side, with preserved muscle strength and mutism. A remarkable feature is that these symptoms completely resolve within weeks to months, leaving only a disturbance in alternating bimanual movements. In this review we give an overview of the old and new insights from the SMA syndrome and extrapolate these findings to seemingly unrelated diseases and symptoms such as Parkinson's disease (PD) and tics. Furthermore, we integrate findings from lesion, stimulation and functional imaging studies to provide insight in the motor function of the SMA.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen Groningen, Netherlands.
authors.forename: A R E
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Potgieser
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen Groningen, Netherlands.
authors.forename: B M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: de Jong
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen Groningen, Netherlands.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wagemakers
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen Groningen, Netherlands.
authors.forename: E W
authors.initials: EW
authors.lastname: Hoving
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen Groningen, Netherlands.
authors.forename: R J M
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Groen
keywords: Parkinson’s disease; akinetic mutism; neurosurgery; supplementary motor area (SMA); supplementary motor area syndrome; tic disorders