title: Observational study to compare antithrombin and thrombomodulin for disseminated intravascular coagulation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There have been no studies comparing the effects of antithrombin (AT-III) and recombinant human soluble thrombomodulin (rhs-TM) on outcomes in patients with disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) associated with infectious diseases.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this observational study is to compare AT-III and rhs-TM in terms of outcomes such as mortality, length of hospitalization, and medical costs in patients with DIC associated with infectious diseases based on a Japanese administrative database.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 7,535 patients with DIC associated with infectious diseases in 886 hospitals from 2010 to 2012 in Japan. Methods We collected patients' data from the administrative database to compare clinical and medical economic outcomes of patients with DIC. Patients were divided into two groups according to treatment of DIC: AT-III (n = 3,601) and rhs-TM (n = 3,934).
  
  
  METHODS
  In-hospital mortality (within 14 days, within 28 days, and overall mortality), length of stay (LOS), and medical costs during hospitalization.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Multilevel logistic regression analysis showed that there were no significant differences with regard to in-hospital mortality between AT-III and rhs-TM within 14 days (odds ratio (OR) of rhs-TM 0.97, 95 % confidence interval (CI) 0.85-1.11, p = 0.744), within 28 days (OR 1.00, 95 % CI 0.89-1.13, p = 0.919), and overall (OR 0.95, 95 % CI 0.85-1.07, p = 0.470). However, multilevel linear regression analysis revealed that use of rhs-TM significantly decreased LOS and medical costs during hospitalization. The coefficient for LOS was -2.92 days (95 % CI -4.79 to -1.04 days; p = 0.002) whereas that for medical costs during hospitalization was -798.3 Euro (95 % CI -1,515.7 to -81.0 Euro; p = 0.029).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study demonstrated no significant difference in in-hospital mortality between AT-III and rhs-TM. However, use of rhs-TM was significantly associated with decreased LOS and medical costs during hospitalization in patients with DIC associated with infectious diseases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine and Community Health, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, 807-8555, Japan, amurata@med.uoeh-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Atsuhiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Murata
authors.forename: Kohji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Okamoto
authors.forename: Toshihiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mayumi
authors.forename: Keiji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Muramatsu
authors.forename: Shinya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Matsuda
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000990:Antithrombin III / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016208:Databases, Factual / Q000639:trends; D004211:Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality; D005260:Female; D017052:Hospital Mortality / Q000639:trends; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018180:Thrombomodulin / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: C546931:THBD protein, human; D018180:Thrombomodulin; D000990:Antithrombin III