title: Novel technologies for reverse osmosis concentrate treatment: a review.
abstract: Global water shortages due to droughts and population growth have created increasing interest in water reuse and recycling and, concomitantly, development of effective water treatment processes. Pressured membrane processes, in particular reverse osmosis, have been adopted in water treatment industries and utilities despite the relatively high operational cost and energy consumption. However, emerging contaminants are present in reverse osmosis concentrate in higher concentrations than in the feed water, and have created challenges for treatment of the concentrate. Further, standards and guidelines for assessment and treatment of newly identified contaminants are currently lacking. Research is needed regarding the treatment and disposal of emerging contaminants of concern in reverse osmosis concentrate, in order to develop cost-effective methods for minimizing potential impacts on public health and the environment. This paper reviews treatment options for concentrate from membrane processes. Barriers to emerging treatment options are discussed and novel treatment processes are evaluated based on a literature review.
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil, Architectural, and Environmental Engineering, University of Miami, 1251 Memorial Dr. McArthur Engineering Building, Coral Gables, FL 33146-0630, USA. Electronic address: s.joo1@miami.edu.
authors.forename: Sung Hee
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Joo
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Florida International University, 10555 W. Flagler St., Miami, FL 33174, USA.
authors.forename: Berrin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Tansel
mesh_terms: D005374:Filtration / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D009995:Osmosis; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000737:chemistry*; D018508:Water Purification / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical
keywords: Advanced oxidation; Concentrate management; Emerging contaminants; Integrated water treatment; Pressure driven membranes; Reverse osmosis concentrate