title: Adult blood-feeding tsetse flies, trypanosomes, microbiota and the fluctuating environment in sub-Saharan Africa.
abstract: The tsetse fly vector transmits the protozoan Trypanosoma brucei, responsible for Human African Trypanosomiasis, one of the most neglected tropical diseases. Despite a recent decline in new cases, it is still crucial to develop alternative strategies to combat this disease. Here, we review the literature on the factors that influence trypanosome transmission from the fly vector to its vertebrate host (particularly humans). These factors include climate change effects to pathogen and vector development (in particular climate warming), as well as the distribution of host reservoirs. Finally, we present reports on the relationships between insect vector nutrition, immune function, microbiota and infection, to demonstrate how continuing research on the evolving ecology of these complex systems will help improve control strategies. In the future, such studies will be of increasing importance to understand how vector-borne diseases are spread in a changing world.
authors.affiliation: UMR 177, IRD-CIRAD, CIRAD TA A-17/G, Campus International de Baillarguet, Montpellier Cedex 5, France.
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Geiger
authors.affiliation: 1] School of Biological Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia [2] The Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
authors.forename: Fleur
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ponton
authors.affiliation: Molecular Parasitology and Entomology Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon.
authors.forename: Gustave
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Simo
mesh_terms: D017954:Africa South of the Sahara / Q000453:epidemiology; D000818:Animals; D057231:Climate Change; D006801:Humans; D007303:Insect Vectors / Q000469:parasitology / Q000502:physiology*; D014353:Trypanosomiasis, African / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000635:transmission*; D014370:Tsetse Flies / Q000502:physiology*