title: Antimicrobial activity of extracts from a Thai traditional remedy called Kabpi for oral and throat infection and its plant components.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Thai traditional remedy called Kabpi (KP) has long been usedfor oral and throat infection. It composed with four herbs Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merr etPerry, Nigella sativa L., Limonia acidissima L. andAchasma sphaerocephalum Holtt.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate antimicrobial activity ofKP remedy extracts and its plant components.
  
  
  METHODS
  The extract procedures were maceration method with 95% ethanol, 50% ethanol and dried by evaporator and boiling in water, filtrated dried by lyophilizer The residue from the maceration in 95% ethanol and 50% ethanol were boiled in water and dried by lyophilizer In the preliminary studied, all extracts were evaluated antimicrobial activity by disc diffusion method. All extracts were tested against one type of gram positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923) and one type ofyeast Candida albicans (ATCC 90028). The active plant extracts were diluted to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values by microtiter plate-based assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 95% ethanol extract of KP remedy showed antimicrobial activity against S. aureus (ATCC 25923) and C. albicans (ATCC 90028) (MIC = 0.625, 0.625 mg/ml, respectively). The zone of inhibition ofall extracts were in the range of 7.33 to 23.33 mm. The 95% ethanol extract ofAchasma sphaerocephalum Holtt. showed the highest inhibition zone against S. aureus 21.00 mm (MIC = 0.625 mg/ml). The 95% ethanol extract ofSyzygium aromaticum (L.) Merr etPerry exhibited the best antimicrobial activity against C. albicans the inhibition zone with inhibition zone of23.33 mm (MIC = 0.156 mg/ml).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study demonstrated that the extracts ofKP remedy and its plant components had an antimicrobial effect against oral and throat infection such as S. aureus and C. albicans. These results support using this remedy of Thai traditional medicine called Kabpifor oral and throat infection.
authors.forename: Kriyapa
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lairungruang
authors.forename: Arunporn
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Itharat
authors.forename: Sumalee
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Panthong
mesh_terms: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002176:Candida albicans / Q000187:drug effects*; D035264:Flowers; D006801:Humans; D008519:Medicine, Traditional; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D031881:Nigella sativa; D024301:Plant Bark; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D029606:Plumbaginaceae; D027343:Rhizome; D012639:Seeds; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects*; D027842:Syzygium; D013785:Thailand; D030521:Zingiberaceae
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D010936:Plant Extracts