title: Effectiveness of bacterial infection-related cytokine profile (BIRCP) determination for monitoring pathogen infections in children with hemopathy in the bone marrow inhibition phase.
abstract: Serum cytokine profiles were analyzed before and after infection in children with hemopathy in the bone marrow inhibition phase to explore the utility of cytokine variations for detecting infections. Serum Th1/Th2 cytokine levels, including tumor necrosis factor, interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, and interferon, were quantitatively determined by cytometric bead array technology in 480 cases (230 children) of children with hemopathy in the bone marrow inhibition phase with signs of infection, such as fever, and without, to establish baseline and affected levels for comparison with healthy control children. We used the cytokine profile of infected, blood culture-positive children to establish a bacterial infection-related cytokine profile (BIRCP) for predicting infections by pathogens in blood culture-negative children. Overall, 82.9% of children with Gram-negative bacterial infections were accompanied by marked increases of IL-6 and IL-10 levels [>10 times (means ± SD)], whereas only a mild increase of IL-6 levels occurred in Gram-positive bacteria-infected children [>2 times (means ± SD)] and only a mild increase of IFN-γ levels occurred in fungal culture-positive children [>2 times (means ± SD)]. Gram-positive bacterial and fungal infections did not cause a marked increase in IL-6 or IL- 10 levels. The effective rate (86.05%, N = 43) of infectious cases predicted by BIRCP was significantly higher than that obtained using traditional methods for selecting antibiotics based on clinical indications (65.45%, N = 55, P < 0.05). In summary, BIRCP can be used to predict the infections by pathogens in children with hemopathy and to select appropriate antibiotics.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital Affiliated with Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China xddoccn@yeah.net.
authors.forename: X D
authors.initials: XD
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation, Hangzhou Hospital of the Zhejiang Armed Police Corps, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital Affiliated with Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
authors.forename: Y M
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital Affiliated with Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital Affiliated with Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
authors.forename: S W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital Affiliated with Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital Affiliated with Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
authors.forename: W Q
authors.initials: WQ
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital Affiliated with Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
authors.forename: B H
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.affiliation: Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital Affiliated with Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
authors.forename: F Y
authors.initials: FY
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital Affiliated with Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital Affiliated with Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
authors.forename: L Y
authors.initials: LY
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital Affiliated with Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
authors.forename: J Q
authors.initials: JQ
authors.lastname: Mao
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000097:blood*; D001853:Bone Marrow / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006094:Gram-Positive Bacteria; D006402:Hematologic Diseases / Q000097:blood* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000097:blood* / Q000235:genetics; D007378:Interleukins / Q000097:blood* / Q000235:genetics; D008297:Male; D059467:Transcriptome; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood* / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D007378:Interleukins; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D007371:Interferon-gamma