title: Alternative splicing of mini-exons in the Arabidopsis leaf rust receptor-like kinase LRK10 genes affects subcellular localisation.
abstract: AtLRK10L1.2 produces a variety of alternatively spliced variants in the region a mini-exon and skipping of the mini-exon alters the subcellular localization of the protein. We have examined expression and alternative splicing in the gene encoding Arabidopsis LRK10-like 1 (AtLRK10L1) which is most closely related to wheat leaf rust 10 disease-resistance locus receptor-like protein kinase (LRK10). AtLRK10L1 produces two different transcripts, LRK10L1.1 and 1.2 through the use of two different promoters. We found no evidence of alternative splicing for the AtLRK10L1.1 transcript but identified numerous alternative splicing variants of AtLRK10L1.2 by sequencing of cloned cDNAs prepared from RNA isolated from whole cell, nucleolar and nucleoplasmic fractions. Many of these transcripts contained unspliced introns and accumulated differentially in the nucleolus and the nucleoplasm consistent with intron retention transcripts being retained in the nucleus (Göhring et al., Plant Cell 26:754-764, 2014). We examined the fate of different alternatively spliced transcripts by fusing variants to YFP and expressing them by agroinfiltration in Nicotiana benthamiana. AtLRK10L1 contains a 45 nt mini-exon which encodes part of a putative transmembrane domain. Full-length cDNA of LRK10L1.2 fused to YFP targeted the fusion protein to the plasma membrane while expression of transcripts where the mini-exon had been deleted, altered the localization of the fusion protein to the endoplasmic reticulum. Similarly, expression of full-length and mini-exon deleted versions of three other members of the LRK10 receptor-like kinase (RLK) gene family also showed the switch in localization. Thus, the mini-exons in Arabidopsis LRK10 genes are required for localization to the plasma membrane.
authors.affiliation: Division of Bioscience and Bioinformatics, Department of Bioscience and Bioinformatics, College of Natural Science, Myongji University, Yongin, Kyeonggi-Do, 449-728, Korea.
authors.forename: Ki Hun
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.forename: Seung Hwan
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Jun Yong
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Che Woo
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.forename: Sung Chul
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: John W S
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: Sang Hyon
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D017398:Alternative Splicing; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D001483:Base Sequence; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism*; D004721:Endoplasmic Reticulum / Q000378:metabolism; D005091:Exons; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D008164:Luminescent Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014026:Nicotiana / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D008164:Luminescent Proteins; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; C054562:yellow fluorescent protein, Bacteria; C000607355:LRK10L1 protein, Arabidopsis; C000607356:LRK10L2 protein, Arabidopsis; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases