title: NSAID-avoidance education in community pharmacies for patients at high risk for acute kidney injury, upstate New York, 2011.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are frequently associated with community-acquired acute kidney injury (AKI), a strong risk factor for development and progression of chronic kidney disease. Using access to prescription medication profiles, pharmacists can identify patients at high risk for NSAID-induced AKI. The primary objective of this analysis was to evaluate the effectiveness of a community pharmacy-based patient education program on patient knowledge of NSAID-associated renal safety concerns.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients receiving prescription medications for hypertension or diabetes mellitus were invited to participate in an educational program on the risks of NSAID use. A patient knowledge questionnaire (PKQ) consisting of 5 questions scored from 1 to 5 was completed before and after the intervention. Information was collected on age, race, sex, and frequency of NSAID use.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 152 participants (60% women) completed both the pre- and post-intervention questionnaire; average age was 54.6 (standard deviation [SD], 17.5). Mean pre-intervention PKQ score was 3.3 (SD, 1.4), and post-intervention score was 4.6 (SD, 0.9) (P = .002). Participants rated program usefulness (1 = not useful to 5 = extremely useful) as 4.2 (SD, 1.0). In addition, 48% reported current NSAID use and 67% reported that the program encouraged them to limit their use.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  NSAID use was common among patients at high risk for AKI. A brief educational intervention in a community pharmacy improved patient knowledge on NSAID-associated risks. Pharmacists practicing in the community can partner with primary care providers in the medical home model to educate patients at risk for AKI.
authors.affiliation: Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Albany, New York, and ANephRx Albany Nephrology Pharmacy Group, Albany, New York. Soo Min Jan is also a member of the New York State Chronic Kidney Disease Coalition, Albany, New York.
authors.forename: Soo Min
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Jang
authors.affiliation: Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Albany, New York.
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cerulli
authors.affiliation: Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Albany, New York, and ANephRx Albany Nephrology Pharmacy Group, Albany, New York. Darren Grabe is also a member of the New York State Chronic Kidney Disease Coalition, Albany, New York.
authors.forename: Darren W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Grabe
authors.affiliation: University of Buffalo School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, New York. Chester Fox is also a member of the New York State Chronic Kidney Disease Coalition, Albany, New York.
authors.forename: Chester
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fox
authors.affiliation: Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York. Joseph A. Vassalotti is also a member of the New York State Chronic Kidney Disease Coalition, Albany, New York.
authors.forename: Joseph A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Vassalotti
authors.affiliation: Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Albany, New York.
authors.forename: Alexander J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Prokopienko
authors.affiliation: Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, 106 New Scotland Ave, Albany, NY 12208. E-mail: amy.bartonpai@acphs.edu.
authors.forename: Amy Barton
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Pai
mesh_terms: D058186:Acute Kidney Injury / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000517:prevention & control*; D000368:Aged; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000188:drug therapy; D005006:Ethnicity / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D057220:Health Literacy / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006293:Health Promotion; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000188:drug therapy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009518:New York; D009749:Nutrition Surveys; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D010353:Patient Education as Topic / Q000379:methods*; D010594:Pharmacies / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal