title: Fowl typhoid (Salmonella Gallinarum) outbreak in Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica).
abstract: A fowl typhoid (FT) outbreak is reported in a flock of 400 Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) at 91 days of age. Of these, 222 died suddenly, and necropsy revealed swollen liver and spleen with off-white to yellowish granules and reddish small intestine mucosa. Histopathology showed severe multifocal necrosis of liver and spleen (5/5), pulmonary congestion with macrophage infiltration in air capillaries (5/5), discrete interstitial nephritis (2/2), superficial necrosis of the intestinal mucosa with large numbers of coccobacilli (2/2), moderate peritonitis (2/2), and discrete airsacculitis (1/1). Anti-Salmonella immunohistochemistry (IHC) stained the cytoplasm of macrophages or free in the liver (5/5), spleen (5/5), lungs (4/5), kidneys (2/2) small intestine mucosa (2/2), cecum (1/1), bone marrow (1/1), air sacs (1/1), and ovary (1/1). In the heart (5/5), brain (2/2), esophagus (2/2), pancreas (2/2), proventriculus (2/2), gizzard (1/1), bursa of Fabricius (1/1), oviduct (1/1), and skeletal muscle (1/1) staining was observed only in the lumen of blood vessels. Salmonella Gallinarum was isolated in pure cultures of liver, spleen, lung, intestine, and blood samples of two birds.
authors.forename: Renata A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Casagrande
authors.forename: Angelica T Barth
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Wouters
authors.forename: Flademir
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Wouters
authors.forename: Caroline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pissetti
authors.forename: Marisa R de Itapema
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Cardoso
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Driemeier
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D003370:Coturnix / Q000382:microbiology*; D004196:Disease Outbreaks / Q000662:veterinary; D011201:Poultry Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D012481:Salmonella Infections, Animal / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D019779:Salmonella enterica / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000502:physiology*