title: Transcriptional, posttranscriptional, and posttranslational regulation of SHOOT MERISTEMLESS gene expression in Arabidopsis determines gene function in the shoot apex.
abstract: The activity of SHOOT MERISTEMLESS (STM) is required for the functioning of the shoot apical meristem (SAM). STM is expressed in the SAM but is down-regulated at the site of leaf initiation. STM is also required for the formation of compound leaves. However, how the activity of STM is regulated at the transcriptional, posttranscriptional, and posttranslational levels is poorly understood. We previously found two conserved noncoding sequences in the promoters of STM-like genes across angiosperms, the K-box and the RB-box. Here, we characterize the function of the RB-box in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). The RB-box, along with the K-box, regulates the expression of STM in leaf sinuses, which are areas on the leaf blade with meristematic potential. The RB-box also contributes to restrict STM expression to the SAM. We identified FAR1-RELATED SEQUENCES-RELATED FACTOR1 (FRF1) as a binding factor to the RB-box region. FRF1 is an uncharacterized member of a subfamily of four truncated proteins related to the FAR1-RELATED SEQUENCES factors. Internal deletion analysis of the STM promoter identified a region required to repress the expression of STM in hypocotyls. Expression of STM in leaf primordia under the control of the JAGGED promoter produced plants with partially undifferentiated leaves. We further found that the ELK domain has a role in the posttranslational regulation of STM by affecting the nuclear localization of STM.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Biology, University of California, Davis, California 95616 (J.A.A.-M., N.U., B.T., D.A.W., A.Y., N.L., S.K., N.S.);World Premier International Research Center Initiative-Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan (N.U.); andDepartment of Bioresource and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto 603-8555, Japan (S.K.).
authors.forename: José Antonio
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Aguilar-Martínez
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Biology, University of California, Davis, California 95616 (J.A.A.-M., N.U., B.T., D.A.W., A.Y., N.L., S.K., N.S.);World Premier International Research Center Initiative-Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan (N.U.); andDepartment of Bioresource and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto 603-8555, Japan (S.K.).
authors.forename: Naoyuki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Uchida
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Biology, University of California, Davis, California 95616 (J.A.A.-M., N.U., B.T., D.A.W., A.Y., N.L., S.K., N.S.);World Premier International Research Center Initiative-Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan (N.U.); andDepartment of Bioresource and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto 603-8555, Japan (S.K.).
authors.forename: Brad
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Townsley
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Biology, University of California, Davis, California 95616 (J.A.A.-M., N.U., B.T., D.A.W., A.Y., N.L., S.K., N.S.);World Premier International Research Center Initiative-Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan (N.U.); andDepartment of Bioresource and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto 603-8555, Japan (S.K.).
authors.forename: Donnelly Ann
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: West
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Biology, University of California, Davis, California 95616 (J.A.A.-M., N.U., B.T., D.A.W., A.Y., N.L., S.K., N.S.);World Premier International Research Center Initiative-Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan (N.U.); andDepartment of Bioresource and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto 603-8555, Japan (S.K.).
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yanez
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Biology, University of California, Davis, California 95616 (J.A.A.-M., N.U., B.T., D.A.W., A.Y., N.L., S.K., N.S.);World Premier International Research Center Initiative-Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan (N.U.); andDepartment of Bioresource and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto 603-8555, Japan (S.K.).
authors.forename: Nafeesa
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Lynn
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Biology, University of California, Davis, California 95616 (J.A.A.-M., N.U., B.T., D.A.W., A.Y., N.L., S.K., N.S.);World Premier International Research Center Initiative-Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan (N.U.); andDepartment of Bioresource and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto 603-8555, Japan (S.K.).
authors.forename: Seisuke
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kimura
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Biology, University of California, Davis, California 95616 (J.A.A.-M., N.U., B.T., D.A.W., A.Y., N.L., S.K., N.S.);World Premier International Research Center Initiative-Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan (N.U.); andDepartment of Bioresource and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto 603-8555, Japan (S.K.) nrsinha@ucdavis.edu.
authors.forename: Neelima
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1494-7065
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sinha
mesh_terms: D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000235:genetics*; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D001483:Base Sequence; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism; D017124:Conserved Sequence / Q000235:genetics; D021901:DNA, Intergenic / Q000235:genetics; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D017343:Genes, Plant; D005966:Glucuronidase / Q000378:metabolism; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D018519:Meristem / Q000235:genetics; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000235:genetics; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D011485:Protein Binding / Q000235:genetics; D014176:Protein Biosynthesis; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D021381:Protein Transport; D017384:Sequence Deletion; D014158:Transcription, Genetic
chemical_list: D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D021901:DNA, Intergenic; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; C097496:STM protein, Arabidopsis; D005966:Glucuronidase