title: Healthy Nordic diet downregulates the expression of genes involved in inflammation in subcutaneous adipose tissue in individuals with features of the metabolic syndrome.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Previously, a healthy Nordic diet (ND) has been shown to have beneficial health effects close to those of Mediterranean diets.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objective was to explore whether the ND has an impact on gene expression in abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) and whether changes in gene expression are associated with clinical and biochemical effects.
  
  
  METHODS
  Obese adults with features of the metabolic syndrome underwent an 18- to 24-wk randomized intervention study comparing the ND with the control diet (CD) (the SYSDIET study, carried out within Nordic Centre of Excellence of the Systems Biology in Controlled Dietary Interventions and Cohort Studies). The present study included participants from 3 Nordic SYSDIET centers [Kuopio (n = 20), Lund (n = 18), and Oulu (n = 18)] with a maximum weight change of ±4 kg, highly sensitive C-reactive protein concentration <10 mg/L at the beginning and the end of the intervention, and baseline body mass index (in kg/m²) <38. SAT biopsy specimens were obtained before and after the intervention and subjected to global transcriptome analysis with Gene 1.1 ST Arrays (Affymetrix).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Altogether, 128 genes were differentially expressed in SAT between the ND and CD (nominal P < 0.01; false discovery rate, 25%). These genes were overrepresented in pathways related to immune response (adjusted P = 0.0076), resulting mainly from slightly decreased expression in the ND and increased expression in the CD. Immune-related pathways included leukocyte trafficking and macrophage recruitment (e.g., interferon regulatory factor 1, CD97), adaptive immune response (interleukin32, interleukin 6 receptor), and reactive oxygen species (neutrophil cytosolic factor 1). Interestingly, the regulatory region of the 128 genes was overrepresented for binding sites for the nuclear transcription factor κB.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A healthy Nordic diet reduces inflammatory gene expression in SAT compared with a control diet independently of body weight change in individuals with features of the metabolic syndrome.
authors.affiliation: From the Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition (MK, J Paananen, VdM, US, J Pihlajamäki, KSP, and MU) and the Institute of Biomedicine (CC), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; the Institute of Clinical Medicine, Clinical Nutrition (US and J Pihlajamäki) and Research Unit (MU), Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland; the Department of Health, Nutrition and Management, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo, Norway, and Akershus University College of Applied Sciences, Oslo, Norway (SMU and MM); the Department of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (ID, PA, ED, and ES); the Unit for Nutrition Research, University of Iceland and Landspitali-The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland (IG and IT); Biomedical Nutrition, Pure and Applied Biochemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden (LC and BÅ); the Departments of Endocrinology (ML-O) and Clinical Nutrition (BÅ), Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden; the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden (FR and UR); the Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, and Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland (MJS and JH); University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Science, Department of Human Nutrition, Copenhagen, Denmark (LOD); Institute of Biomedicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland (K-HH); the Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark (KH and LB); and VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland (KSP).
authors.forename: Marjukka
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kolehmainen
authors.affiliation: From the Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition (MK, J Paananen, VdM, US, J Pihlajamäki, KSP, and MU) and the Institute of Biomedicine (CC), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; the Institute of Clinical Medicine, Clinical Nutrition (US and J Pihlajamäki) and Research Unit (MU), Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland; the Department of Health, Nutrition and Management, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo, Norway, and Akershus University College of Applied Sciences, Oslo, Norway (SMU and MM); the Department of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (ID, PA, ED, and ES); the Unit for Nutrition Research, University of Iceland and Landspitali-The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland (IG and IT); Biomedical Nutrition, Pure and Applied Biochemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden (LC and BÅ); the Departments of Endocrinology (ML-O) and Clinical Nutrition (BÅ), Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden; the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden (FR and UR); the Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, and Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland (MJS and JH); University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Science, Department of Human Nutrition, Copenhagen, Denmark (LOD); Institute of Biomedicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland (K-HH); the Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark (KH and LB); and VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland (KSP).
authors.forename: Stine M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Ulven
authors.affiliation: From the Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition (MK, J Paananen, VdM, US, J Pihlajamäki, KSP, and MU) and the Institute of Biomedicine (CC), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; the Institute of Clinical Medicine, Clinical Nutrition (US and J Pihlajamäki) and Research Unit (MU), Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland; the Department of Health, Nutrition and Management, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo, Norway, and Akershus University College of Applied Sciences, Oslo, Norway (SMU and MM); the Department of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (ID, PA, ED, and ES); the Unit for Nutrition Research, University of Iceland and Landspitali-The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland (IG and IT); Biomedical Nutrition, Pure and Applied Biochemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden (LC and BÅ); the Departments of Endocrinology (ML-O) and Clinical Nutrition (BÅ), Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden; the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden (FR and UR); the Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, and Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland (MJS and JH); University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Science, Department of Human Nutrition, Copenhagen, Denmark (LOD); Institute of Biomedicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland (K-HH); the Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark (KH and LB); and VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland (KSP).
authors.forename: Jussi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Paananen
authors.affiliation: From the Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition (MK, J Paananen, VdM, US, J Pihlajamäki, KSP, and MU) and the Institute of Biomedicine (CC), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; the Institute of Clinical Medicine, Clinical Nutrition (US and J Pihlajamäki) and Research Unit (MU), Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland; the Department of Health, Nutrition and Management, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo, Norway, and Akershus University College of Applied Sciences, Oslo, Norway (SMU and MM); the Department of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (ID, PA, ED, and ES); the Unit for Nutrition Research, University of Iceland and Landspitali-The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland (IG and IT); Biomedical Nutrition, Pure and Applied Biochemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden (LC and BÅ); the Departments of Endocrinology (ML-O) and Clinical Nutrition (BÅ), Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden; the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden (FR and UR); the Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, and Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland (MJS and JH); University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Science, Department of Human Nutrition, Copenhagen, Denmark (LOD); Institute of Biomedicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland (K-HH); the Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark (KH and LB); and VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland (KSP).
authors.forename: Vanessa
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: de Mello
authors.affiliation: From the Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition (MK, J Paananen, VdM, US, J Pihlajamäki, KSP, and MU) and the Institute of Biomedicine (CC), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; the Institute of Clinical Medicine, Clinical Nutrition (US and J Pihlajamäki) and Research Unit (MU), Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland; the Department of Health, Nutrition and Management, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo, Norway, and Akershus University College of Applied Sciences, Oslo, Norway (SMU and MM); the Department of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (ID, PA, ED, and ES); the Unit for Nutrition Research, University of Iceland and Landspitali-The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland (IG and IT); Biomedical Nutrition, Pure and Applied Biochemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden (LC and BÅ); the Departments of Endocrinology (ML-O) and Clinical Nutrition (BÅ), Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden; the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden (FR and UR); the Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, and Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland (MJS and JH); University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Science, Department of Human Nutrition, Copenhagen, Denmark (LOD); Institute of Biomedicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland (K-HH); the Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark (KH and LB); and VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland (KSP).
authors.forename: Ursula
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Schwab
authors.affiliation: From the Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition (MK, J Paananen, VdM, US, J Pihlajamäki, KSP, and MU) and the Institute of Biomedicine (CC), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; the Institute of Clinical Medicine, Clinical Nutrition (US and J Pihlajamäki) and Research Unit (MU), Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland; the Department of Health, Nutrition and Management, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo, Norway, and Akershus University College of Applied Sciences, Oslo, Norway (SMU and MM); the Department of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (ID, PA, ED, and ES); the Unit for Nutrition Research, University of Iceland and Landspitali-The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland (IG and IT); Biomedical Nutrition, Pure and Applied Biochemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden (LC and BÅ); the Departments of Endocrinology (ML-O) and Clinical Nutrition (BÅ), Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden; the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden (FR and UR); the Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, and Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland (MJS and JH); University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Science, Department of Human Nutrition, Copenhagen, Denmark (LOD); Institute of Biomedicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland (K-HH); the Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark (KH and LB); and VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland (KSP).
authors.forename: Carsten
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Carlberg
authors.affiliation: From the Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition (MK, J Paananen, VdM, US, J Pihlajamäki, KSP, and MU) and the Institute of Biomedicine (CC), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; the Institute of Clinical Medicine, Clinical Nutrition (US and J Pihlajamäki) and Research Unit (MU), Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland; the Department of Health, Nutrition and Management, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo, Norway, and Akershus University College of Applied Sciences, Oslo, Norway (SMU and MM); the Department of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (ID, PA, ED, and ES); the Unit for Nutrition Research, University of Iceland and Landspitali-The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland (IG and IT); Biomedical Nutrition, Pure and Applied Biochemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden (LC and BÅ); the Departments of Endocrinology (ML-O) and Clinical Nutrition (BÅ), Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden; the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden (FR and UR); the Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, and Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland (MJS and JH); University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Science, Department of Human Nutrition, Copenhagen, Denmark (LOD); Institute of Biomedicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland (K-HH); the Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark (KH and LB); and VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland (KSP).
authors.forename: Mari
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Myhrstad
authors.affiliation: From the Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition (MK, J Paananen, VdM, US, J Pihlajamäki, KSP, and MU) and the Institute of Biomedicine (CC), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; the Institute of Clinical Medicine, Clinical Nutrition (US and J Pihlajamäki) and Research Unit (MU), Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland; the Department of Health, Nutrition and Management, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo, Norway, and Akershus University College of Applied Sciences, Oslo, Norway (SMU and MM); the Department of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (ID, PA, ED, and ES); the Unit for Nutrition Research, University of Iceland and Landspitali-The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland (IG and IT); Biomedical Nutrition, Pure and Applied Biochemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden (LC and BÅ); the Departments of Endocrinology (ML-O) and Clinical Nutrition (BÅ), Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden; the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden (FR and UR); the Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, and Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland (MJS and JH); University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Science, Department of Human Nutrition, Copenhagen, Denmark (LOD); Institute of Biomedicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland (K-HH); the Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark (KH and LB); and VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland (KSP).
authors.forename: Jussi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pihlajamäki
authors.affiliation: From the Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition (MK, J Paananen, VdM, US, J Pihlajamäki, KSP, and MU) and the Institute of Biomedicine (CC), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; the Institute of Clinical Medicine, Clinical Nutrition (US and J Pihlajamäki) and Research Unit (MU), Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland; the Department of Health, Nutrition and Management, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo, Norway, and Akershus University College of Applied Sciences, Oslo, Norway (SMU and MM); the Department of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (ID, PA, ED, and ES); the Unit for Nutrition Research, University of Iceland and Landspitali-The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland (IG and IT); Biomedical Nutrition, Pure and Applied Biochemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden (LC and BÅ); the Departments of Endocrinology (ML-O) and Clinical Nutrition (BÅ), Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden; the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden (FR and UR); the Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, and Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland (MJS and JH); University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Science, Department of Human Nutrition, Copenhagen, Denmark (LOD); Institute of Biomedicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland (K-HH); the Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark (KH and LB); and VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland (KSP).
authors.forename: Elisabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Dungner
authors.affiliation: From the Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition (MK, J Paananen, VdM, US, J Pihlajamäki, KSP, and MU) and the Institute of Biomedicine (CC), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; the Institute of Clinical Medicine, Clinical Nutrition (US and J Pihlajamäki) and Research Unit (MU), Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland; the Department of Health, Nutrition and Management, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo, Norway, and Akershus University College of Applied Sciences, Oslo, Norway (SMU and MM); the Department of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (ID, PA, ED, and ES); the Unit for Nutrition Research, University of Iceland and Landspitali-The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland (IG and IT); Biomedical Nutrition, Pure and Applied Biochemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden (LC and BÅ); the Departments of Endocrinology (ML-O) and Clinical Nutrition (BÅ), Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden; the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden (FR and UR); the Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, and Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland (MJS and JH); University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Science, Department of Human Nutrition, Copenhagen, Denmark (LOD); Institute of Biomedicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland (K-HH); the Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark (KH and LB); and VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland (KSP).
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sjölin
authors.affiliation: From the Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition (MK, J Paananen, VdM, US, J Pihlajamäki, KSP, and MU) and the Institute of Biomedicine (CC), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; the Institute of Clinical Medicine, Clinical Nutrition (US and J Pihlajamäki) and Research Unit (MU), Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland; the Department of Health, Nutrition and Management, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo, Norway, and Akershus University College of Applied Sciences, Oslo, Norway (SMU and MM); the Department of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (ID, PA, ED, and ES); the Unit for Nutrition Research, University of Iceland and Landspitali-The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland (IG and IT); Biomedical Nutrition, Pure and Applied Biochemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden (LC and BÅ); the Departments of Endocrinology (ML-O) and Clinical Nutrition (BÅ), Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden; the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden (FR and UR); the Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, and Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland (MJS and JH); University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Science, Department of Human Nutrition, Copenhagen, Denmark (LOD); Institute of Biomedicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland (K-HH); the Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark (KH and LB); and VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland (KSP).
authors.forename: Ingibjörg
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Gunnarsdottir
authors.affiliation: From the Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition (MK, J Paananen, VdM, US, J Pihlajamäki, KSP, and MU) and the Institute of Biomedicine (CC), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; the Institute of Clinical Medicine, Clinical Nutrition (US and J Pihlajamäki) and Research Unit (MU), Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland; the Department of Health, Nutrition and Management, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo, Norway, and Akershus University College of Applied Sciences, Oslo, Norway (SMU and MM); the Department of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (ID, PA, ED, and ES); the Unit for Nutrition Research, University of Iceland and Landspitali-The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland (IG and IT); Biomedical Nutrition, Pure and Applied Biochemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden (LC and BÅ); the Departments of Endocrinology (ML-O) and Clinical Nutrition (BÅ), Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden; the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden (FR and UR); the Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, and Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland (MJS and JH); University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Science, Department of Human Nutrition, Copenhagen, Denmark (LOD); Institute of Biomedicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland (K-HH); the Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark (KH and LB); and VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland (KSP).
authors.forename: Lieselotte
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cloetens
authors.affiliation: From the Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition (MK, J Paananen, VdM, US, J Pihlajamäki, KSP, and MU) and the Institute of Biomedicine (CC), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; the Institute of Clinical Medicine, Clinical Nutrition (US and J Pihlajamäki) and Research Unit (MU), Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland; the Department of Health, Nutrition and Management, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo, Norway, and Akershus University College of Applied Sciences, Oslo, Norway (SMU and MM); the Department of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (ID, PA, ED, and ES); the Unit for Nutrition Research, University of Iceland and Landspitali-The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland (IG and IT); Biomedical Nutrition, Pure and Applied Biochemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden (LC and BÅ); the Departments of Endocrinology (ML-O) and Clinical Nutrition (BÅ), Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden; the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden (FR and UR); the Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, and Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland (MJS and JH); University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Science, Department of Human Nutrition, Copenhagen, Denmark (LOD); Institute of Biomedicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland (K-HH); the Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark (KH and LB); and VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland (KSP).
authors.forename: Mona
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Landin-Olsson
authors.affiliation: From the Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition (MK, J Paananen, VdM, US, J Pihlajamäki, KSP, and MU) and the Institute of Biomedicine (CC), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; the Institute of Clinical Medicine, Clinical Nutrition (US and J Pihlajamäki) and Research Unit (MU), Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland; the Department of Health, Nutrition and Management, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo, Norway, and Akershus University College of Applied Sciences, Oslo, Norway (SMU and MM); the Department of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (ID, PA, ED, and ES); the Unit for Nutrition Research, University of Iceland and Landspitali-The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland (IG and IT); Biomedical Nutrition, Pure and Applied Biochemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden (LC and BÅ); the Departments of Endocrinology (ML-O) and Clinical Nutrition (BÅ), Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden; the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden (FR and UR); the Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, and Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland (MJS and JH); University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Science, Department of Human Nutrition, Copenhagen, Denmark (LOD); Institute of Biomedicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland (K-HH); the Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark (KH and LB); and VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland (KSP).
authors.forename: Björn
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Akesson
authors.affiliation: From the Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition (MK, J Paananen, VdM, US, J Pihlajamäki, KSP, and MU) and the Institute of Biomedicine (CC), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; the Institute of Clinical Medicine, Clinical Nutrition (US and J Pihlajamäki) and Research Unit (MU), Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland; the Department of Health, Nutrition and Management, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo, Norway, and Akershus University College of Applied Sciences, Oslo, Norway (SMU and MM); the Department of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (ID, PA, ED, and ES); the Unit for Nutrition Research, University of Iceland and Landspitali-The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland (IG and IT); Biomedical Nutrition, Pure and Applied Biochemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden (LC and BÅ); the Departments of Endocrinology (ML-O) and Clinical Nutrition (BÅ), Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden; the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden (FR and UR); the Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, and Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland (MJS and JH); University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Science, Department of Human Nutrition, Copenhagen, Denmark (LOD); Institute of Biomedicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland (K-HH); the Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark (KH and LB); and VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland (KSP).
authors.forename: Fredrik
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Rosqvist
authors.affiliation: From the Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition (MK, J Paananen, VdM, US, J Pihlajamäki, KSP, and MU) and the Institute of Biomedicine (CC), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; the Institute of Clinical Medicine, Clinical Nutrition (US and J Pihlajamäki) and Research Unit (MU), Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland; the Department of Health, Nutrition and Management, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo, Norway, and Akershus University College of Applied Sciences, Oslo, Norway (SMU and MM); the Department of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (ID, PA, ED, and ES); the Unit for Nutrition Research, University of Iceland and Landspitali-The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland (IG and IT); Biomedical Nutrition, Pure and Applied Biochemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden (LC and BÅ); the Departments of Endocrinology (ML-O) and Clinical Nutrition (BÅ), Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden; the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden (FR and UR); the Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, and Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland (MJS and JH); University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Science, Department of Human Nutrition, Copenhagen, Denmark (LOD); Institute of Biomedicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland (K-HH); the Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark (KH and LB); and VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland (KSP).
authors.forename: Janne
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hukkanen
authors.affiliation: From the Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition (MK, J Paananen, VdM, US, J Pihlajamäki, KSP, and MU) and the Institute of Biomedicine (CC), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; the Institute of Clinical Medicine, Clinical Nutrition (US and J Pihlajamäki) and Research Unit (MU), Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland; the Department of Health, Nutrition and Management, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo, Norway, and Akershus University College of Applied Sciences, Oslo, Norway (SMU and MM); the Department of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (ID, PA, ED, and ES); the Unit for Nutrition Research, University of Iceland and Landspitali-The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland (IG and IT); Biomedical Nutrition, Pure and Applied Biochemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden (LC and BÅ); the Departments of Endocrinology (ML-O) and Clinical Nutrition (BÅ), Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden; the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden (FR and UR); the Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, and Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland (MJS and JH); University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Science, Department of Human Nutrition, Copenhagen, Denmark (LOD); Institute of Biomedicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland (K-HH); the Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark (KH and LB); and VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland (KSP).
authors.forename: Karl-Heinz
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Herzig
authors.affiliation: From the Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition (MK, J Paananen, VdM, US, J Pihlajamäki, KSP, and MU) and the Institute of Biomedicine (CC), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; the Institute of Clinical Medicine, Clinical Nutrition (US and J Pihlajamäki) and Research Unit (MU), Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland; the Department of Health, Nutrition and Management, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo, Norway, and Akershus University College of Applied Sciences, Oslo, Norway (SMU and MM); the Department of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (ID, PA, ED, and ES); the Unit for Nutrition Research, University of Iceland and Landspitali-The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland (IG and IT); Biomedical Nutrition, Pure and Applied Biochemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden (LC and BÅ); the Departments of Endocrinology (ML-O) and Clinical Nutrition (BÅ), Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden; the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden (FR and UR); the Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, and Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland (MJS and JH); University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Science, Department of Human Nutrition, Copenhagen, Denmark (LOD); Institute of Biomedicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland (K-HH); the Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark (KH and LB); and VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland (KSP).
authors.forename: Lars O
authors.initials: LO
authors.lastname: Dragsted
authors.affiliation: From the Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition (MK, J Paananen, VdM, US, J Pihlajamäki, KSP, and MU) and the Institute of Biomedicine (CC), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; the Institute of Clinical Medicine, Clinical Nutrition (US and J Pihlajamäki) and Research Unit (MU), Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland; the Department of Health, Nutrition and Management, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo, Norway, and Akershus University College of Applied Sciences, Oslo, Norway (SMU and MM); the Department of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (ID, PA, ED, and ES); the Unit for Nutrition Research, University of Iceland and Landspitali-The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland (IG and IT); Biomedical Nutrition, Pure and Applied Biochemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden (LC and BÅ); the Departments of Endocrinology (ML-O) and Clinical Nutrition (BÅ), Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden; the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden (FR and UR); the Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, and Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland (MJS and JH); University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Science, Department of Human Nutrition, Copenhagen, Denmark (LOD); Institute of Biomedicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland (K-HH); the Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark (KH and LB); and VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland (KSP).
authors.forename: Markku J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Savolainen
authors.affiliation: From the Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition (MK, J Paananen, VdM, US, J Pihlajamäki, KSP, and MU) and the Institute of Biomedicine (CC), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; the Institute of Clinical Medicine, Clinical Nutrition (US and J Pihlajamäki) and Research Unit (MU), Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland; the Department of Health, Nutrition and Management, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo, Norway, and Akershus University College of Applied Sciences, Oslo, Norway (SMU and MM); the Department of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (ID, PA, ED, and ES); the Unit for Nutrition Research, University of Iceland and Landspitali-The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland (IG and IT); Biomedical Nutrition, Pure and Applied Biochemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden (LC and BÅ); the Departments of Endocrinology (ML-O) and Clinical Nutrition (BÅ), Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden; the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden (FR and UR); the Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, and Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland (MJS and JH); University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Science, Department of Human Nutrition, Copenhagen, Denmark (LOD); Institute of Biomedicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland (K-HH); the Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark (KH and LB); and VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland (KSP).
authors.forename: Lea
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Brader
authors.affiliation: From the Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition (MK, J Paananen, VdM, US, J Pihlajamäki, KSP, and MU) and the Institute of Biomedicine (CC), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; the Institute of Clinical Medicine, Clinical Nutrition (US and J Pihlajamäki) and Research Unit (MU), Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland; the Department of Health, Nutrition and Management, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo, Norway, and Akershus University College of Applied Sciences, Oslo, Norway (SMU and MM); the Department of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (ID, PA, ED, and ES); the Unit for Nutrition Research, University of Iceland and Landspitali-The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland (IG and IT); Biomedical Nutrition, Pure and Applied Biochemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden (LC and BÅ); the Departments of Endocrinology (ML-O) and Clinical Nutrition (BÅ), Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden; the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden (FR and UR); the Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, and Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland (MJS and JH); University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Science, Department of Human Nutrition, Copenhagen, Denmark (LOD); Institute of Biomedicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland (K-HH); the Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark (KH and LB); and VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland (KSP).
authors.forename: Kjeld
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hermansen
authors.affiliation: From the Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition (MK, J Paananen, VdM, US, J Pihlajamäki, KSP, and MU) and the Institute of Biomedicine (CC), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; the Institute of Clinical Medicine, Clinical Nutrition (US and J Pihlajamäki) and Research Unit (MU), Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland; the Department of Health, Nutrition and Management, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo, Norway, and Akershus University College of Applied Sciences, Oslo, Norway (SMU and MM); the Department of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (ID, PA, ED, and ES); the Unit for Nutrition Research, University of Iceland and Landspitali-The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland (IG and IT); Biomedical Nutrition, Pure and Applied Biochemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden (LC and BÅ); the Departments of Endocrinology (ML-O) and Clinical Nutrition (BÅ), Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden; the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden (FR and UR); the Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, and Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland (MJS and JH); University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Science, Department of Human Nutrition, Copenhagen, Denmark (LOD); Institute of Biomedicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland (K-HH); the Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark (KH and LB); and VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland (KSP).
authors.forename: Ulf
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Risérus
authors.affiliation: From the Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition (MK, J Paananen, VdM, US, J Pihlajamäki, KSP, and MU) and the Institute of Biomedicine (CC), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; the Institute of Clinical Medicine, Clinical Nutrition (US and J Pihlajamäki) and Research Unit (MU), Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland; the Department of Health, Nutrition and Management, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo, Norway, and Akershus University College of Applied Sciences, Oslo, Norway (SMU and MM); the Department of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (ID, PA, ED, and ES); the Unit for Nutrition Research, University of Iceland and Landspitali-The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland (IG and IT); Biomedical Nutrition, Pure and Applied Biochemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden (LC and BÅ); the Departments of Endocrinology (ML-O) and Clinical Nutrition (BÅ), Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden; the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden (FR and UR); the Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, and Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland (MJS and JH); University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Science, Department of Human Nutrition, Copenhagen, Denmark (LOD); Institute of Biomedicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland (K-HH); the Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark (KH and LB); and VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland (KSP).
authors.forename: Inga
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Thorsdottir
authors.affiliation: From the Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition (MK, J Paananen, VdM, US, J Pihlajamäki, KSP, and MU) and the Institute of Biomedicine (CC), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; the Institute of Clinical Medicine, Clinical Nutrition (US and J Pihlajamäki) and Research Unit (MU), Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland; the Department of Health, Nutrition and Management, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo, Norway, and Akershus University College of Applied Sciences, Oslo, Norway (SMU and MM); the Department of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (ID, PA, ED, and ES); the Unit for Nutrition Research, University of Iceland and Landspitali-The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland (IG and IT); Biomedical Nutrition, Pure and Applied Biochemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden (LC and BÅ); the Departments of Endocrinology (ML-O) and Clinical Nutrition (BÅ), Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden; the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden (FR and UR); the Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, and Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland (MJS and JH); University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Science, Department of Human Nutrition, Copenhagen, Denmark (LOD); Institute of Biomedicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland (K-HH); the Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark (KH and LB); and VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland (KSP).
authors.forename: Kaisa S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Poutanen
authors.affiliation: From the Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition (MK, J Paananen, VdM, US, J Pihlajamäki, KSP, and MU) and the Institute of Biomedicine (CC), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; the Institute of Clinical Medicine, Clinical Nutrition (US and J Pihlajamäki) and Research Unit (MU), Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland; the Department of Health, Nutrition and Management, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo, Norway, and Akershus University College of Applied Sciences, Oslo, Norway (SMU and MM); the Department of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (ID, PA, ED, and ES); the Unit for Nutrition Research, University of Iceland and Landspitali-The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland (IG and IT); Biomedical Nutrition, Pure and Applied Biochemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden (LC and BÅ); the Departments of Endocrinology (ML-O) and Clinical Nutrition (BÅ), Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden; the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden (FR and UR); the Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, and Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland (MJS and JH); University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Science, Department of Human Nutrition, Copenhagen, Denmark (LOD); Institute of Biomedicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland (K-HH); the Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark (KH and LB); and VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland (KSP).
authors.forename: Matti
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Uusitupa
authors.affiliation: From the Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition (MK, J Paananen, VdM, US, J Pihlajamäki, KSP, and MU) and the Institute of Biomedicine (CC), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; the Institute of Clinical Medicine, Clinical Nutrition (US and J Pihlajamäki) and Research Unit (MU), Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland; the Department of Health, Nutrition and Management, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo, Norway, and Akershus University College of Applied Sciences, Oslo, Norway (SMU and MM); the Department of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (ID, PA, ED, and ES); the Unit for Nutrition Research, University of Iceland and Landspitali-The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland (IG and IT); Biomedical Nutrition, Pure and Applied Biochemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden (LC and BÅ); the Departments of Endocrinology (ML-O) and Clinical Nutrition (BÅ), Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden; the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden (FR and UR); the Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, and Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland (MJS and JH); University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Science, Department of Human Nutrition, Copenhagen, Denmark (LOD); Institute of Biomedicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland (K-HH); the Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark (KH and LB); and VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland (KSP).
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Arner
authors.affiliation: From the Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition (MK, J Paananen, VdM, US, J Pihlajamäki, KSP, and MU) and the Institute of Biomedicine (CC), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; the Institute of Clinical Medicine, Clinical Nutrition (US and J Pihlajamäki) and Research Unit (MU), Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland; the Department of Health, Nutrition and Management, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo, Norway, and Akershus University College of Applied Sciences, Oslo, Norway (SMU and MM); the Department of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (ID, PA, ED, and ES); the Unit for Nutrition Research, University of Iceland and Landspitali-The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland (IG and IT); Biomedical Nutrition, Pure and Applied Biochemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden (LC and BÅ); the Departments of Endocrinology (ML-O) and Clinical Nutrition (BÅ), Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden; the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden (FR and UR); the Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, and Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland (MJS and JH); University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Science, Department of Human Nutrition, Copenhagen, Denmark (LOD); Institute of Biomedicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland (K-HH); the Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark (KH and LB); and VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland (KSP).
authors.forename: Ingrid
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Dahlman
mesh_terms: D056704:Adaptive Immunity; D001706:Biopsy; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis; D004032:Diet / Q000208:ethnology; D015536:Down-Regulation; D005260:Female; D005387:Finland; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006293:Health Promotion; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000150:complications / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D008875:Middle Aged; D018673:Nutrition Policy; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D050507:Subcutaneous Fat, Abdominal / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D013548:Sweden
chemical_list: D002097:C-Reactive Protein
keywords: Nordic diet; adipose tissue; obesity; polyunsaturated fatty acids; transcriptome