title: The infundibulo-tuberal syndrome caused by craniopharyngiomas: clinicopathological evidence from an historical French cohort (1705-1973).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Infundibulo-tuberal syndrome groups endocrine, metabolic and behavioral disturbances caused by lesions involving the upper neurohypophysis (median eminence) and adjacent basal hypothalamus (tuber cinereum). It was originally described by Henri Claude and Jean Lhermitte in 1917, in a patient with a craniopharyngioma. This study investigates the clinical, pathological and surgical evidence verifying the infundibulo-tuberal syndrome caused by craniopharyngiomas (CPs).
  
  
  METHODS
  A systematic retrospective review of craniopharyngiomas reported in French literature between 1705 and 1973 was conducted. A total of 128 well described reports providing a comprehensive clinical and pathological description of the tumors were selected. This series represents the historical French cohort of CPs reported in the pre-CT/MRI era.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Three major syndromes caused by CPs were categorized: pituitary syndrome (35%), infundibulo-tuberal syndrome (52%) and hypothalamic syndrome (49%). CP topography was significantly related to the type of syndrome described (p < 0.001). Infundibulo-tuberal syndrome occurred in CPs which replaced or invaded the third ventricle floor. In contrast, the majority of sellar/suprasellar CPs growing below the third ventricle showed a pituitary syndrome (82%). Cases with hypothalamic syndrome were characterized by anatomical integrity of the pituitary gland and stalk (p = 0.033) and occurred predominantly in adults older than 41 years old (p < 0.005). Among infundibulo-tuberal symptoms, abnormal somnolence was not related with the presence of hydrocephalus. All squamous-papillary CPs presented psychiatric disturbances (p < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This historical CP cohort evidences a clinical-topographical correlation between the patient's type of syndrome and the anatomical structures involved by the tumor along the hypophysial-hypothalamic axis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Sureste University Hospital, C/Ronda del Sur 10, Arganda del Rey, 28500, Madrid, Spain, inescastrod@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Inés
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Castro-Dufourny
authors.forename: Rodrigo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Carrasco
authors.forename: Ruth
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Prieto
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Barrios
authors.forename: José M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Pascual
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002552:Cerebral Ventricles / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003397:Craniopharyngioma / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D005602:France; D006801:Humans; D007027:Hypothalamic Diseases / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D007031:Hypothalamus / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D010900:Pituitary Diseases / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D010902:Pituitary Gland / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D010911:Pituitary Neoplasms / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013577:Syndrome; D055815:Young Adult