title: Decreased inflammatory responses of human lung epithelial cells after ethanol exposure are mimicked by ethyl pyruvate.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Leukocyte migration into alveolar space plays a critical role in pulmonary inflammation resulting in lung injury. Acute ethanol (EtOH) exposure exerts anti-inflammatory effects. The clinical use of EtOH is critical due to its side effects. Here, we compared effects of EtOH and ethyl pyruvate (EtP) on neutrophil adhesion and activation of cultured alveolar epithelial cells (A549).
  
  
  METHODS
  Time course and dose-dependent release of interleukin- (IL-) 6 and IL-8 from A549 were measured after pretreatment of A549 with EtP (2.5-10 mM), sodium pyruvate (NaP, 10 mM), or EtOH (85-170 mM), and subsequent lipopolysaccharide or IL-1beta stimulation. Neutrophil adhesion to pretreated and stimulated A549 monolayers and CD54 surface expression were determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Treating A549 with EtOH or EtP reduced substantially the cytokine-induced release of IL-8 and IL-6. EtOH and EtP (but not NaP) reduced the adhesion of neutrophils to monolayers in a dose- and time-dependent fashion. CD54 expression on A549 decreased after EtOH or EtP treatment before IL-1beta stimulation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  EtP reduces secretory and adhesive potential of lung epithelial cells under inflammatory conditions. These findings suggest EtP as a potential treatment alternative that mimics the anti-inflammatory effects of EtOH in early inflammatory response in lungs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Relja
authors.affiliation: Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Omid
authors.affiliation: Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kontradowitz
authors.affiliation: Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Jurida
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Oppermann
authors.affiliation: Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Störmann
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Werner
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Juengel
authors.affiliation: Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Seebach
authors.affiliation: Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Marzi
mesh_terms: D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002470:Cell Survival; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects*; D000431:Ethanol / Q000737:chemistry*; D018840:HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism*; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000378:metabolism; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000378:metabolism; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000737:chemistry; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000187:drug effects; D011773:Pyruvates / Q000737:chemistry*; D012313:RNA / Q000378:metabolism; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C508606:CXCL8 protein, human; D018840:HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins; C508600:IL6 protein, human; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D015850:Interleukin-6; D016209:Interleukin-8; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D011773:Pyruvates; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; C046522:ethyl pyruvate; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; D000431:Ethanol; D012313:RNA