title: The subpopulation of microglia expressing functional muscarinic acetylcholine receptors expands in stroke and Alzheimer's disease.
abstract: Microglia undergo a process of activation in pathology which is controlled by many factors including neurotransmitters. We found that a subpopulation (11 %) of freshly isolated adult microglia respond to the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor agonist carbachol with a Ca(2+) increase and a subpopulation of similar size (16 %) was observed by FACS analysis using an antibody against the M3 receptor subtype. The carbachol-sensitive population increased in microglia/brain macrophages isolated from tissue of mouse models for stroke (60 %) and Alzheimer's disease (25 %), but not for glioma and multiple sclerosis. Microglia cultured from adult and neonatal brain contained a carbachol-sensitive subpopulation (8 and 9 %), which was increased by treatment with interferon-γ to around 60 %. This increase was sensitive to blockers of protein synthesis and correlated with an upregulation of the M3 receptor subtype and with an increased expression of MHC-I and MHC-II. Carbachol was a chemoattractant for microglia and decreased their phagocytic activity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cellular Neurosciences, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Robert-Roessle-Strasse 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pannell
authors.affiliation: Department of Cellular Neurosciences, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Robert-Roessle-Strasse 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Maria Almut
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Meier
authors.affiliation: Department of Cellular Neurosciences, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Robert-Roessle-Strasse 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Szulzewsky
authors.affiliation: Department of Cellular Neurosciences, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Robert-Roessle-Strasse 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Vitali
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Matyash
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Endres
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Golo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kronenberg
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Vincent
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Prinz
authors.affiliation: Berlin Ultrahigh Field Facility, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Robert-Roessle-Strasse 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Sonia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Waiczies
authors.affiliation: Department of Cellular Neurosciences, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Robert-Roessle-Strasse 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Susanne A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Wolf
authors.affiliation: Department of Cellular Neurosciences, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Robert-Roessle-Strasse 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany. kettenmann@mdc-berlin.de.
authors.forename: Helmut
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kettenmann
mesh_terms: D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism; D002217:Carbachol / Q000494:pharmacology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D005910:Glioma / Q000378:metabolism; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D017628:Microglia / Q000378:metabolism*; D023421:Models, Animal; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000378:metabolism; D018721:Muscarinic Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents / Q000378:metabolism; D043585:Receptor, Muscarinic M2 / Q000378:metabolism; D043587:Receptor, Muscarinic M3 / Q000378:metabolism; D011976:Receptors, Muscarinic / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D020521:Stroke / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D018721:Muscarinic Agonists; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents; D043585:Receptor, Muscarinic M2; D043587:Receptor, Muscarinic M3; D011976:Receptors, Muscarinic; D002217:Carbachol
keywords: Alzheimer’s disease; Brain macrophages; Glioma; Microglia; Multiple sclerosis; Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors; Stroke