title: Tubularized incised plate urethroplasty for hypospadias reoperation: a review and meta-analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Tubularized Incised Plate (TIP) urethroplasty is a technique for urethral reconstruction of hypospadias although there are some controversies for its use in recurrent cases. The aim of this study was to review the results of TIP technique in various studies and the usage of different flaps for covering the repair site.
  
  
  METHODS
  Extensive Search was performed for articles published between 1994 and 2013 in common electronic databases. The overall TIP complication rates were estimated by a fixed effects model meta-analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  17 articles of hypospadia repair using the TIP method were reviewed. All studies performed surgery and repair on the basis of the Snodgrass's method; however, some introduced modifications to the method. The prevalence of complications in repeated TIP surgery was 11.1 to 33.3% and the most prevalent complication in different studies was fistula. Based on the meta-analysis, the overall estimation of complications was 21.8% (95% CI: 18.3 to 25.5).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Most studies performed the incision of the urethral plate to create a supportive coverage upon neourethra, and confirmed its success. We recommend further investigation on using different flaps in well-designed randomized controlled trials to choose the best surgical method for repairing recurrent hypospadias.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
authors.forename: Seyed A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Mousavi
authors.affiliation: Health Sciences Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohsen
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Aarabi
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D006801:Humans; D007021:Hypospadias / Q000601:surgery*; D007431:Intraoperative Complications; D008297:Male; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D012086:Reoperation; D013524:Surgical Flaps; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014521:Urethra / Q000601:surgery*; D013521:Urologic Surgical Procedures, Male / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods