title: Type IV paraesophageal hernia as a cause of ileus: Report of a case.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Type IV paraesophageal hernias (PEHs) have been rarely reported in the literature. Transverse colon is the most common viscus to herniate in this category.
  
  
  METHODS
  Herein we present a case with an emergent admission of a 66 year old man with type IV PEH with small intestine into the hernia sac.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The diagnosis of PEHs can be challenging due to their extremely low incidence and the non-specific symptoms and can be easily missed from the initial differential diagnosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this case, the hernia was diagnosed early and managed successfully with an immediate laparotomy.
authors.affiliation: 1st Surgical Department of General Hospital of Athens "G. Gennimatas", Athens, Greece; Alpha Institute of Biomedical Sciences (AIBS), Marousi, Athens, Greece; Department of Surgery and Cancer - St Mary's Hospital, Imperial College of London, London, United Kingdom. Electronic address: m.makris@aibs.gr.
authors.forename: Marinos C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Makris
authors.affiliation: 1st Surgical Department, "Laiko" General Hospital of Athens, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Demetrios
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Moris
authors.affiliation: 1st Surgical Department of General Hospital of Athens "G. Gennimatas", Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Evripides
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Yettimis
authors.affiliation: 1st Surgical Department of General Hospital of Athens "G. Gennimatas", Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Nikolaos
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Varsamidakis
keywords: Bowel obstruction; Colon; Hiatal; Intestine; Paraeophageal hernia