title: Solvothermal synthesis of gallium-indium-zinc-oxide nanoparticles for electrolyte-gated transistors.
abstract: Solution-processed field-effect transistors are strategic building blocks when considering low-cost sustainable flexible electronics. Nevertheless, some challenges (e.g., processing temperature, reliability, reproducibility in large areas, and cost effectiveness) are requirements that must be surpassed in order to achieve high-performance transistors. The present work reports electrolyte-gated transistors using as channel layer gallium-indium-zinc-oxide nanoparticles produced by solvothermal synthesis combined with a solid-state electrolyte based on aqueous dispersions of vinyl acetate stabilized with cellulose derivatives, acrylic acid ester in styrene and lithium perchlorate. The devices fabricated using this approach display a ION/IOFF up to 1 × 10(6), threshold voltage (VTh) of 0.3-1.9 V, and mobility up to 1 cm(2)/(V s), as a function of gallium-indium-zinc-oxide ink formulation and two different annealing temperatures. These results validates the usage of electrolyte-gated transistors as a viable and promising alternative for nanoparticle based semiconductor devices as the electrolyte improves the interface and promotes a more efficient step coverage of the channel layer, reducing the operating voltage when compared with conventional dielectrics gating. Moreover, it is shown that by controlling the applied gate potential, the operation mechanism of the electrolyte-gated transistors can be modified from electric double layer to electrochemical doping.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Ciência dos Materiais, CENIMAT/I3N, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa and CEMOP/Uninova , 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal.
authors.forename: Lídia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Nunes
authors.forename: Tomás
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Calmeiro
authors.forename: Rita
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Branquinho
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Salgueiro
authors.forename: Pedro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Barquinha
authors.forename: Luís
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.forename: Rodrigo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Martins
authors.forename: Elvira
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Fortunato
keywords: GIZO nanoparticles; electric double layer; electrochemical; electrolyte-gated transistor; solvothermal synthesis