title: [Immune system in Russian cosmonauts after orbital space flights].
abstract: The article is an overview of the results of studies of the immune systems of cosmonauts. The use of a system approach to the evaluation of the various components of the immune system made it possible to identify a number of characteristics of adaptive change, including the quantitative and functional changes of the innate and adaptive immunity. Among them the most important are: changes in in the system of Toll like receptors (TLRs) manifested as a decrease in the content of circulating monocytes and granulocytes expressing TLR2, TLR4, and TLR6, and LPS-induced cytokine production; inhibition of the functional potential of natural killer (NK)- and T-cells. The article discusses possible factors and mechanisms of the identified changes.
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Rykova
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D007694:Killer Cells, Natural / Q000276:immunology*; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D012426:Russia; D013026:Space Flight; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D051195:Toll-Like Receptor 2 / Q000819:agonists / Q000276:immunology*; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4 / Q000819:agonists / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; C495342:TLR2 protein, human; C495345:TLR4 protein, human; D051195:Toll-Like Receptor 2; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4