title: Analysis of the fluorescence of body fluids on different surfaces and times.
abstract: The use of screening techniques, such as an alternative light source (ALS), is important for finding biological evidence at a crime scene. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether biological fluid (blood, semen, saliva, and urine) deposited on different surfaces changes as a function of the age of the sample. Stains were illuminated with a Megamaxx™ ALS System and photographed with a Canon EOS Utility™ camera. Adobe Photoshop™ was utilized to prepare photographs for analysis, and then ImageJ™ was used to record the brightness values of pixels in the images. Data were submitted to analysis of variance using a generalized linear mixed model with two fixed effects (surface and fluid). Time was treated as a random effect (through repeated measures) with a first-order autoregressive covariance structure. Means of significant effects were compared by the Tukey test. The fluorescence of the analyzed biological material varied depending on the age of the sample. Fluorescence was lower when the samples were moist. Fluorescence remained constant when the sample was dry, up to the maximum period analyzed (60 days), independent of the substrate on which the fluid was deposited, showing the novelty of this study. Therefore, the forensic expert can detect biological fluids at the crime scene using an ALS even several days after a crime has occurred.
authors.affiliation: Department of Forensic Odontology, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Av. Limeira, 901, Bairro, Areão, Piracicaba, SP CEP 13414-903, Brazil. Electronic address: geraldoelias@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Geraldo Elias
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Miranda
authors.affiliation: Department of Forensic Odontology, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Av. Limeira, 901, Bairro, Areão, Piracicaba, SP CEP 13414-903, Brazil. Electronic address: fprado@fop.unicamp.br.
authors.forename: Felippe Bevilacqua
authors.initials: FB
authors.lastname: Prado
authors.affiliation: Department of Forensic Odontology, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Av. Limeira, 901, Bairro, Areão, Piracicaba, SP CEP 13414-903, Brazil. Electronic address: fabiodelwing@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Fábio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Delwing
authors.affiliation: Department of Forensic Odontology, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Av. Limeira, 901, Bairro, Areão, Piracicaba, SP CEP 13414-903, Brazil. Electronic address: darugejr@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Eduardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Daruge
mesh_terms: D012634:Bodily Secretions; D001826:Body Fluids; D005453:Fluorescence; D005554:Forensic Medicine; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D010781:Photography
keywords: Blood; Fluorescence; Forensic sciences; Saliva; Semen; Urine