title: Standardization of the NEO-PI-3 in the Greek general population.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-3) includes 240 items corresponding to the Big Five personality traits (Extraversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Neuroticism, and Openness to Experience) and subordinate dimensions (facets). It is suitable for use with adolescents and adults (12 years or older). The aim of the current study was to validate the Greek translation of the NEO-PI-3 in the general Greek population.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study sample included 734 subjects from the general Greek population of whom 59.4% were females and 40.6% males aged 40.80 ± 11.48. The NEO-PI-3 was translated into Greek and back-translated into English, and the accuracy of the translation was confirmed and established. The statistical analysis included descriptive statistics, confirmatory factorial analysis (CFA), the calculation of Cronbach's alpha, and the calculation of Pearson product-moment correlations. Sociodemographics groups were compared by ANOVA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Most facets had Cronbach's alpha above 0.60. Confirmatory factor analysis showed acceptable loading of the facets on their own hypothesized factors and very good estimations of Cronbach's alphas for the hypothesized factors, so it was partially supportive of the five-factor structure of the NEO-PI-3.The factors extracted with Procrustes rotation analysis can be considered reasonably homologous to the factors of the American normative sample. Correlations between dimensions were as expected and similar to those reported in the literature.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The literature suggests that overall, the psychometric properties of NEO-PI-3 scales have been found to generalize across ages, cultures, and methods of measurement. In accord with this, the results of the current study confirm the reliability of the Greek translation and adaptation of the NEO-PI-3. The inventory has comparable psychometric properties in its Greek version in comparison to the original and other national translations, and it is suitable for clinical as well as research use.
authors.affiliation: Third Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
authors.forename: Konstantinos N
authors.initials: KN
authors.lastname: Fountoulakis
authors.affiliation: Third Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
authors.forename: Melina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Siamouli
authors.affiliation: Research associate Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
authors.forename: Stefania
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Moysidou
authors.affiliation: Research associate Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
authors.forename: Eleonora
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Pantoula
authors.affiliation: Research associate Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
authors.forename: Katerina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Moutou
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, 424 Military Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece.
authors.forename: Panagiotis
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Panagiotidis
authors.affiliation: Research associate Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
authors.forename: Marina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kemeridou
authors.affiliation: Research associate Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
authors.forename: Eirini
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mavridou
authors.affiliation: Mental Health Hospital of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
authors.forename: Efimia
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Loli
authors.affiliation: Psychologist in private practice, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Batsiari
authors.affiliation: Center of Liaison Psychiatry and Psychosomatics, University Hospital, University of Cagliari, Italy, and Centro Medico Genneruxi, Cagliari, Italy.
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Preti
authors.affiliation: Mood Center LucioBini, Cagliari and Rome, Italy ; McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA.
authors.forename: Leonardo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tondo
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Theoretical Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
authors.forename: Xenia
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Gonda
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, California USA.
authors.forename: Nisreen
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mobayed
authors.affiliation: Studies of Temperament and Creativity, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Kareen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Akiskal
authors.affiliation: International Mood Center, University of California, San Diego, CA USA.
authors.forename: Hagop
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Akiskal
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience Biomedical Research Center, Baltimore, MD USA.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Costa
authors.affiliation: ᅟ, Baltimore, MD USA.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: McCrae
keywords: Five-factor personality inventory; NEO-PI-3; Psychometrics; Standardization