title: The Dutch Linguistic Intraoperative Protocol: a valid linguistic approach to awake brain surgery.
abstract: Intraoperative direct electrical stimulation (DES) is increasingly used in patients operated on for tumours in eloquent areas. Although a positive impact of DES on postoperative linguistic outcome is generally advocated, information about the neurolinguistic methods applied in awake surgery is scarce. We developed for the first time a standardised Dutch linguistic test battery (measuring phonology, semantics, syntax) to reliably identify the critical language zones in detail. A normative study was carried out in a control group of 250 native Dutch-speaking healthy adults. In addition, the clinical application of the Dutch Linguistic Intraoperative Protocol (DuLIP) was demonstrated by means of anatomo-functional models and five case studies. A set of DuLIP tests was selected for each patient depending on the tumour location and degree of linguistic impairment. DuLIP is a valid test battery for pre-, intraoperative and postoperative language testing and facilitates intraoperative mapping of eloquent language regions that are variably located.
authors.affiliation: Clinical and Experimental Neurolinguistics, Centre for Linguistics, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: De Witte
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Neurolinguistics, Groningen Center of Expertise for Language and Communication Disorders (GELC), University of Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Satoer
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, AZ Sint-Lucas, Ghent, Belgium.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Robert
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, AZ Sint-Lucas, Ghent, Belgium.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Colle
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Catholic University Leuven, Belgium.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Verheyen
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Visch-Brink
authors.affiliation: Clinical and Experimental Neurolinguistics, Centre for Linguistics, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology and Memory Clinic, ZNA Middelheim, Antwerp, Belgium. Electronic address: peter.marien5@telenet.be.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mariën
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001921:Brain / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D001931:Brain Mapping; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007807:Language Tests / Q000592:standards; D008037:Linguistics; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008954:Models, Biological; D016343:Monitoring, Intraoperative / Q000379:methods*; D009426:Netherlands; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012660:Semantics; D014851:Wakefulness / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Awake surgery; Brain tumour; Corticosubcortical mapping; Direct electrical stimulation; Intraoperative language testing; Language mapping; Standardised test battery