title: Modulation of host adaptive immunity by hRSV proteins.
abstract: Globally, the human respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV) is the major cause of lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) in infants and children younger than 2 years old. Furthermore, the number of hospitalizations due to LRTIs has shown a sustained increase every year due to the lack of effective vaccines against hRSV. Thus, this virus remains as a major public health and economic burden worldwide. The lung pathology developed in hRSV-infected humans is characterized by an exacerbated inflammatory and Th2 immune response. In order to rationally design new vaccines and therapies against this virus, several studies have focused in elucidating the interactions between hRSV virulence factors and the host immune system. Here, we discuss the main features of hRSV biology, the processes involved in virus recognition by the immune system and the most relevant mechanisms used by this pathogen to avoid the antiviral host response.
authors.affiliation: a Millenium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy; Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología; Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile; Santiago, Chile.
authors.forename: Janyra A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Espinoza
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bohmwald
authors.forename: Pablo F
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Céspedes
authors.forename: Claudia A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Riedel
authors.forename: Susan M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Bueno
authors.forename: Alexis M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Kalergis
mesh_terms: D056704:Adaptive Immunity; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D016679:Genome, Viral; D006801:Humans; D057131:Immune Evasion; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D007223:Infant; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D018357:Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections / Q000276:immunology*; D018113:Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Human / Q000276:immunology* / Q000472:pathogenicity* / Q000502:physiology; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology*; D037521:Virulence Factors / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D014764:Viral Proteins; D037521:Virulence Factors
keywords: adaptive immune response; innate immune response; respiratory syncytial virus; virulence proteins