title: Fluence-to-effective dose conversion coefficients from a Saudi population based phantom for monoenergetic photon beams from 10 keV to 20 MeV.
abstract: Fluence-to-dose conversion coefficients are important quantities for radiation protection, derived from Monte Carlo simulations of the radiation particles through a stylised phantom or voxel based phantoms. The voxel phantoms have been developed for many ethnic groups for their accurate reflection of the anatomy. In this study, we used the Monte Carlo code MCNPX to calculate the photon fluence-to-effective dose conversion coefficients with a voxel phantom based on the Saudi Arabian male population. Six irradiation geometries, anterior-posterior (AP), posterior-anterior (PA), left lateral (LLAT), right lateral (RLAT), rotational (ROT) and isotropic (ISO) were simulated for monoenergetic photon beams from 10 keV to 20 MeV. We compared the coefficients with the reference values in ICRP Publication 116. The coefficients in the AP and PA geometries match the reference values to 9% and 12% on average as measured by root mean square while those in the LLAT, RLAT ROT and ISO geometries differ, mostly below, from the reference by 23, 22, 15 and 16%, respectively. The torso of the Saudi phantom is wider than the ICRP reference male phantom and likely to cause more attenuation to the lateral beam. The ICRP reference coefficients serve well for the Saudi male population as conservative estimations for the purpose of radiation protection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiological Sciences, University of Dammam, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Andy K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Mohammed Adel
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Hussein
authors.forename: Khalid Mohammed
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Altaher
authors.forename: Khalid Yousif
authors.initials: KY
authors.lastname: Farid
authors.forename: Mamun
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Amer
authors.forename: Bander Fuhaid
authors.initials: BF
authors.lastname: Aldhafery
authors.forename: Ali A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Alghamdi
mesh_terms: D065638:Absorption, Radiation; D000465:Algorithms; D032701:Biomimetics / Q000379:methods*; D003198:Computer Simulation; D006801:Humans; D008954:Models, Biological; D015233:Models, Statistical; D017785:Photons; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012529:Saudi Arabia; D012542:Scattering, Radiation; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014915:Whole-Body Counting / Q000379:methods*