title: Cytotoxic activity against small cell lung cancer cell line and chromatographic fingerprinting of six isolated compounds from the ethanolic extract of Benjakul.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Benjakul, a Thai traditional herbal preparation, comnprises five plants: Piper chaba, Piper sarmentosum, Piper interruptum, Plumbago indica, and Zingiber officinale. It has widely been used to treat cancer patients in folk medicine in Thailand. Benjakul extract, and its isolated compounds should be investigated for cytotoxic activity and analysis isolated compounds from chemical fingerprinting.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To study cytotoxicity ofBenjakul extract and its isolatedpure compounds against human small cell lung cancer cell line (NCI-HI 688) and in normal human lungfibroblast cell line (MRC-5) and analysis the content ofisolated compounds for quality control of Benjakul extract.
  
  
  METHODS
  Bioassay-guided fractionation was used for isolated active compounds from ethanolic extract of Benjakul. Cytotoxic activity was carried using the SRB assay. HPLC method was applied to analyze six isolated compound contentfrom Benjakul extract.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The ethanolic extract ofBenjakul showed cytotoxicity against NCI-H1688 with IC50 value = 36.15±4.35 μg/ml. Hexane fraction as semi-separation by VLC showed the best cytotoxic activity (21.1 7±7.42 μg/ml). Six isolated compounds were identified as myristicin, plumbagin, methyl piperate, 6-shogaol, 6-gingerol and piperine. Plumbagin exhibited the highest cytotoxic activity and 6-shogaol was the second most effective cytotoxic constituent (IC50 values = 1.41±0.01 and 6.45±0.19 μg/ml, respectively). Piperine showed the highest content in both ofHPLC analysis and column chromatography separation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Benjakul extract exhibited cytotoxicity against NCI-HI 688. Plumbagin and 6-shogaol are bioactive markers for cytotoxicity against this small cell lung cancer cell line. Chromatographic fingerprinting can be used to analyze six cytotoxic compounds isolatedfrom the ethanolic extract ofBenjakul.
authors.forename: Ruchilak
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rattarom
authors.forename: Intouch
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Sakpakdeejaroen
authors.forename: Pintusorn
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hansakul
authors.forename: Arunporn
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Itharat
mesh_terms: D000470:Alkaloids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D052117:Benzodioxoles / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D002396:Catechols / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D004354:Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor; D000431:Ethanol; D005233:Fatty Alcohols / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D020939:Zingiber officinale; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms; D008519:Medicine, Traditional; D009285:Naphthoquinones / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D031701:Piper; D010880:Piperidines / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D029606:Plumbaginaceae; D053284:Polyunsaturated Alkamides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D055752:Small Cell Lung Carcinoma; D013785:Thailand
chemical_list: D000470:Alkaloids; D052117:Benzodioxoles; D002396:Catechols; D005233:Fatty Alcohols; D009285:Naphthoquinones; D010880:Piperidines; D010936:Plant Extracts; D053284:Polyunsaturated Alkamides; D000431:Ethanol; C040115:shogaol; C007845:gingerol; C008922:piperine; C014758:plumbagin