title: Development of alginate microspheres as nystatin carriers for oral mucosa drug delivery.
abstract: To develop more effective antifungal mucoadhesive systems for the treatment of oral candidiasis, three types of microspheres, alginate (AM1), chitosan coated (CCM) and hydrogel (AM2) containing nystatin (Nys) were successfully elaborated by emulsification/internal gelation method. Physicochemical properties of microspheres resulted in 85-135 μm mean sizes, spherical shaped with narrow distribution. Optimal encapsulation efficiency and negative zeta potentials were observed. AM2 showed a consistent decrease in viscosity with increasing shear rate (Herschel-Bulkley). Optimal mucoadhesive properties and swelling behaviour where evidenced. Nys release from AM1 and CCM followed a concentration gradient pattern, contrary AM2 followed a complex release mechanism. All systems exhibited a marked fungicidal activity against Candida albicans strains. In vivo studies demonstrated that Nys was not found in systemic circulation assuring the safety of the treatment. Nys amounts retained in the mucosa were more than enough to ensure an effective fungicidal action without tissue damage. Based on the obtained results, AM2 could be proposed as the vehicle with the best properties for the buccal vehiculization of Nys.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Campus of Cartuja Street, 18071 Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: María J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Martín
authors.affiliation: Biopharmaceutical and Pharmacokinetics Unit, School of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Joan XXIII Avenue, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Ana C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Calpena
authors.affiliation: Biopharmaceutical and Pharmacokinetics Unit, School of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Joan XXIII Avenue, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Francisco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Fernández
authors.affiliation: Biopharmaceutical and Pharmacokinetics Unit, School of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Joan XXIII Avenue, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Mireia
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mallandrich
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Campus of Cartuja Street, 18071 Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gálvez
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Campus of Cartuja Street, 18071 Granada, Spain. Electronic address: beatrizclares@ugr.es.
authors.forename: Beatriz
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Clares
mesh_terms: D065966:Absorption, Physicochemical; D000269:Adhesives / Q000737:chemistry*; D000464:Alginates / Q000737:chemistry*; D000818:Animals; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D002176:Candida albicans / Q000187:drug effects; D048271:Chitosan / Q000737:chemistry; D004337:Drug Carriers / Q000737:chemistry*; D065546:Drug Liberation; D005260:Female; D020723:Glucuronic Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D006603:Hexuronic Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D020100:Hydrogels / Q000737:chemistry; D008863:Microspheres; D009061:Mouth Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism*; D009761:Nystatin / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D000269:Adhesives; D000464:Alginates; D000935:Antifungal Agents; D004337:Drug Carriers; D006603:Hexuronic Acids; D020100:Hydrogels; D009761:Nystatin; D020723:Glucuronic Acid; D048271:Chitosan
keywords: Alginate; Buccal delivery; Chitosan; Microspheres; Nystatin