title: Genetic Variation and Selection of Domain I of the Plasmodium vivax Apical Membrane Antigen-1(AMA-1) Gene in Clinical Isolates from Iran.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Apical Membrane antigen 1 (AMA-1) is positioned on the surface of merozoite and it may play a role in attack to red blood cells. The main aim of present study was to determine the genetic variation, as well as, to detect of selection at domain I of AMA-1 gene Plasmodium vivax isolates in Iran.
  
  
  METHODS
  Blood samples were collected from 58 patients positive for P. vivax, mono infection and the domain I of AMA-1 gene was amplified by nested PCR and then sequenced.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total 33 different haplotypes were identified among 58 Iranian sequences. The 23 new haplotypes were determined in this study that was not reported previously in other regions of the world. There were totally observed 36 point mutations at the nucleotide level in the analyzed sequences. Sequences analyses indicated 25 amino acid changes at 20 positions in which 5 sites demonstrated thrimorphic polymorphism and the others were dimorphic in the domain I of the Iranian PvAMA-1 isolates.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings indicated relatively high level of allelic diversity at the domain I of PvAMA-1 among P.vivax isolates of Iran. Since, PvAMA-1 is considering as vaccine candidate antigen, these data provide valuable information for the development of a PvAMA-1 based malaria vaccine.
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.
authors.forename: Aliehsan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Heidari
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ; Center for Research of Endemic Parasites of Iran (CREPI), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Hossein
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Keshavarz
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Homa
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hajjaran
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Anesthesiology, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.
authors.forename: Seyyed Meisam
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Ebrahimi
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Surgery, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Kourosh
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kabir
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Surgery, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ; Dept. of Surgery, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad Hassan
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Naseri
keywords: Apical Membrane Antigen-1; Genetic variation; Iran; Malaria; Plasmodium vivax