title: Larvicidal activity of the essential oil from Tetradium glabrifolium fruits and its constituents against Aedes albopictus.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In our screening programme for new agrochemicals from wild plants, the essential oil of Tetradium glabrifolium (Champ. ex Benth.) T.G. Hartley fruits was found to possess strong larvicidal activity against the Asian tiger mosquito, Aedes albopictus L. The essential oil was extracted via hydrodistillation, and the constituents were determined by GC-MS analysis. The active compounds were isolated and identified by bioassay-directed fractionation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  GC-MS analyses revealed the presence of 19 components with 2-tridecanone (43.38%), 2-undecanone (24.09%), D-limonene (13.01%), caryophyllene (5.04%) and β-elemene (4.07%) being the major constituents. Bioactivity-directed chromatographic separation of the oil led to the isolation of 2-tridecanone, 2-undecanone and D-limonene as active compounds. The essential oil of T. glabrifolium exhibited larvicidal activity against the early fourth-instar larvae of A. albopictus, with an LC50 value of 8.20 µg mL(-1). The isolated constituent compounds, 2-tridecanone, 2-undecanone and D-limonene, possessed strong larvicidal activity against the early fourth-instar larvae of A. albopictus, with LC50 values of 2.86, 9.95 and 41.75 µg mL(-1) respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings indicated that the essential oil of T. glabrifolium fruits and the three constituents have an excellent potential for use in control of A. albopictus larvae and could be useful in the search for newer, safer and more effective natural compounds as larvicides.
authors.affiliation: Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Haidian District, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Xin Chao
authors.initials: XC
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Qiyong
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: College of Ecology, Lishui University, Zhejiang Province, China.
authors.forename: Xu Bo
authors.initials: XB
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Haidian District, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Ligang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Haidian District, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Zhi Long
authors.initials: ZL
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000330:Aedes / Q000187:drug effects*; D000818:Animals; D001681:Biological Assay; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry; D007306:Insecticides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007659:Ketones; D007814:Larva / Q000187:drug effects; D009032:Mosquito Control; D009822:Oils, Volatile / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D027821:Rutaceae / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D007306:Insecticides; D007659:Ketones; D009822:Oils, Volatile; D010938:Plant Oils; C009541:2-tridecanone
keywords: 2-tridecanone; 2-undecanone; Aedes albopictus; Tetradium glabrifolium; larvicidal activity