title: Surgical Strategy for T2 Gallbladder Cancer According to Tumor Location.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Radical cholecystectomy is recommended for T2 gallbladder cancer. However, it is unclear whether hepatic resection is essential for peritoneal-side gallbladder cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  From January 2000 to December 2011, we identified T2 gallbladder cancer patients who had undergone curative intent surgery. A peritoneal-side tumor was defined when the epicenter of the tumor was located within the free peritoneal-side gallbladder mucosa. Hepatic-side gallbladder cancer was defined when the epicenter of the tumor was located within the gallbladder bed or neck.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 157 patients with T2 gallbladder cancer were included; 33 peritoneal-side and 124 hepatic-side tumors. In total, 122 patients underwent hepatic resection, whereas the remaining 35 patients did not. After a median follow-up period of 40 (range 5-170) months, the survival of the peritoneal-side group was better than that of the hepatic-side group (p = 0.002). In a multivariate analysis, tumor location, lymph node metastasis, hepatic resection, lymphatic invasion, and perineural invasion were significant prognostic factors (p = 0.045, p < 0.001, p = 0.003, p = 0.046, and p = 0.027, respectively). For the peritoneal-side group, there was no recurrence or death after cholecystectomy without hepatic resection. However, hepatic resection was an important factor associated with overall survival in patients with hepatic-side gallbladder cancer (p = 0.007).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In T2 gallbladder cancer patients, hepatic resection is recommended when there is tumor invasion of the gallbladder bed or neck. However, it is not always necessary in selected patients with peritoneal-side gallbladder cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Huisong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Dong Wook
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Jin Young
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Sangmin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Youn
authors.forename: Wooil
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.forename: Jin Seok
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Heo
authors.forename: Seong Ho
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Kee-Taek
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Jang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016063:Blood Loss, Surgical; D002763:Cholecystectomy / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005704:Gallbladder / Q000473:pathology; D005706:Gallbladder Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D006498:Hepatectomy / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D007902:Length of Stay; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D042601:Lymphatic Vessels / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000473:pathology*; D010525:Peripheral Nerves / Q000473:pathology; D011379:Prognosis; D015996:Survival Rate