title: NeuroGrid: recording action potentials from the surface of the brain.
abstract: Recording from neural networks at the resolution of action potentials is critical for understanding how information is processed in the brain. Here, we address this challenge by developing an organic material-based, ultraconformable, biocompatible and scalable neural interface array (the 'NeuroGrid') that can record both local field potentials(LFPs) and action potentials from superficial cortical neurons without penetrating the brain surface. Spikes with features of interneurons and pyramidal cells were simultaneously acquired by multiple neighboring electrodes of the NeuroGrid, allowing for the isolation of putative single neurons in rats. Spiking activity demonstrated consistent phase modulation by ongoing brain oscillations and was stable in recordings exceeding 1 week's duration. We also recorded LFP-modulated spiking activity intraoperatively in patients undergoing epilepsy surgery. The NeuroGrid constitutes an effective method for large-scale, stable recording of neuronal spikes in concert with local population synaptic activity, enhancing comprehension of neural processes across spatiotemporal scales and potentially facilitating diagnosis and therapy for brain disorders.
authors.affiliation: NYU Neuroscience Institute, School of Medicine, New York University, New York, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Dion
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Khodagholy
authors.affiliation: NYU Neuroscience Institute, School of Medicine, New York University, New York, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Jennifer N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Gelinas
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, New York University, New York, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Thesen
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, New York University, New York, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Werner
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Doyle
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, New York University, New York, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Orrin
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Devinsky
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioelectronics, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines, Microelectronics Center of Provence-Saint-Etienne School of Mines (CMP-EMSE), MOC, Gardanne, France.
authors.forename: George G
authors.initials: GG
authors.lastname: Malliaras
authors.affiliation: NYU Neuroscience Institute, School of Medicine, New York University, New York, New York, USA.
authors.forename: György
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Buzsáki
mesh_terms: D000200:Action Potentials / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000502:physiology*; D004566:Electrodes / Q000592:standards; D004594:Electrophysiology / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D007395:Interneurons / Q000502:physiology*; D064795:Intraoperative Neurophysiological Monitoring / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D017966:Pyramidal Cells / Q000502:physiology*; D051381:Rats