title: Targeting the bone marrow microenvironment in multiple myeloma.
abstract: Multiple myeloma (MM) is characterized by clonal expansion of malignant plasma cells in the bone marrow (BM). Despite the significant advances in treatment, MM is still a fatal malignancy. This is mainly due to the supportive role of the BM microenvironment in differentiation, migration, proliferation, survival, and drug resistance of the malignant plasma cells. The BM microenvironment is composed of a cellular compartment (stromal cells, osteoblasts, osteoclasts, endothelial cells, and immune cells) and a non-cellular compartment. In this review, we discuss the interaction between the malignant plasma cell and the BM microenvironment and the strategy to target them.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Yawara
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kawano
authors.forename: Michele
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Moschetta
authors.forename: Salomon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Manier
authors.forename: Siobhan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Glavey
authors.forename: Güllü T
authors.initials: GT
authors.lastname: Görgün
authors.forename: Aldo M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Roccaro
authors.forename: Kenneth C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: Irene M
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Ghobrial
mesh_terms: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000818:Animals; D001853:Bone Marrow / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D001897:Boronic Acids / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000069286:Bortezomib; D018380:Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation; D006801:Humans; D000077269:Lenalidomide; D008998:Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance / Q000628:therapy*; D009101:Multiple Myeloma / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D010950:Plasma Cells / Q000502:physiology*; D011719:Pyrazines / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013792:Thalidomide / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D059016:Tumor Microenvironment / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors; D001897:Boronic Acids; D011719:Pyrazines; D013792:Thalidomide; D000069286:Bortezomib; D000077269:Lenalidomide
keywords: BMSCs; bone marrow; immune cells; myeloma; vessel formation