title: Physiological and transcriptional responses to high temperature in Arthrospira (Spirulina) platensis C1.
abstract: Arthrospira (Spirulina) platensis is a well-known commercial cyanobacterium that is used as a food and in feed supplements. In this study, we examined the physiological changes and whole-genome expression in A. platensis C1 exposed to high temperature. We found that photosynthetic activity was significantly decreased after the temperature was shifted from 35°C to 42°C for 2 h. A reduction in biomass production and protein content, concomitant with the accumulation of carbohydrate content, was observed after prolonged exposure to high temperatures for 24 h. Moreover, the results of the expression profiling in response to high temperature at the designated time points (8 h) revealed two distinct phases of the responses. The first was the immediate response phase, in which the transcript levels of genes involved in different mechanisms, including genes for heat shock proteins; genes involved in signal transduction and carbon and nitrogen metabolism; and genes encoding inorganic ion transporters for magnesium, nitrite and nitrate, were either transiently induced or repressed by the high temperature. In the second phase, the long-term response phase, both the induction and repression of the expression of genes with important roles in translation and photosynthesis were observed. Taken together, the results of our physiological and transcriptional studies suggest that dynamic changes in the transcriptional profiles of these thermal-responsive genes might play a role in maintaining cell homeostasis under high temperatures, as reflected in the growth and biochemical composition, particularly the protein and carbohydrate content, of A. platensis C1.
authors.affiliation: School of Bioresources and Technology, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, 10150, Thailand.
authors.forename: Jaruta
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Panyakampol
authors.affiliation: School of Bioresources and Technology, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, 10150, Thailand Pilot Plant Development and Training Institute, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, 10150, Thailand Biochemical Engineering and Pilot Plant Research and Development Unit, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, 10150, Thailand.
authors.forename: Supapon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cheevadhanarak
authors.affiliation: Pilot Plant Development and Training Institute, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, 10150, Thailand.
authors.forename: Sawannee
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sutheeworapong
authors.affiliation: Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
authors.forename: Jeerayut
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chaijaruwanich
authors.affiliation: Biochemical Engineering and Pilot Plant Research and Development Unit, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, 10150, Thailand.
authors.forename: Jittisak
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Senachak
authors.affiliation: Pilot Plant Development and Training Institute, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, 10150, Thailand.
authors.forename: Wipawan
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Siangdung
authors.affiliation: Pilot Plant Development and Training Institute, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, 10150, Thailand.
authors.forename: Wattana
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Jeamton
authors.affiliation: King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, 10150, Thailand.
authors.forename: Morakot
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tanticharoen
authors.affiliation: Biochemical Engineering and Pilot Plant Research and Development Unit, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, 10150, Thailand okalarid@biotec.or.th.
authors.forename: Kalyanee
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Paithoonrangsarid
mesh_terms: D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D002241:Carbohydrates / Q000032:analysis; D002244:Carbon / Q000378:metabolism; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D015964:Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; D063990:Gene Ontology; D053263:Gene Regulatory Networks; D005798:Genes, Bacterial; D006358:Hot Temperature; D008055:Lipids / Q000032:analysis; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000378:metabolism; D010788:Photosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000235:genetics; D053545:Spirulina / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology*; D013312:Stress, Physiological / Q000235:genetics; D014158:Transcription, Genetic
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D002241:Carbohydrates; D008055:Lipids; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins; D002244:Carbon; D009584:Nitrogen
keywords: Arthrospira platensis; DNA microarray; High temperature; Transcriptional profiles