title: Conditioned Medium Reconditions Hippocampal Neurons against Kainic Acid Induced Excitotoxicity: An In Vitro Study.
abstract: Stem cell therapy is gaining attention as a promising treatment option for neurodegenerative diseases. The functional efficacy of grafted cells is a matter of debate and the recent consensus is that the cellular and functional recoveries might be due to "by-stander" effects of grafted cells. In the present study, we investigated the neuroprotective effect of conditioned medium (CM) derived from human embryonic kidney (HEK) cells in a kainic acid (KA) induced hippocampal degeneration model system in in vitro condition. Hippocampal cell line was exposed to KA (200 µM) for 24 hrs (lesion group) whereas, in the treatment group, hippocampal cell line was exposed to KA in combination with HEK-CM (KA + HEK-CM). We observed that KA exposure to cells resulted in significant neuronal loss. Interestingly, HEK-CM cotreatment completely attenuated the excitotoxic effects of KA. In HEK-CM cotreatment group, the cell viability was ~85-95% as opposed to 47% in KA alone group. Further investigation demonstrated that treatment with HEK-CM stimulated the endogenous cell survival factors like brain derived neurotrophic factors (BDNF) and antiapoptotic factor Bcl-2, revealing the possible mechanism of neuroprotection. Our results suggest that HEK-CM protects hippocampal neurons against excitotoxicity by stimulating the host's endogenous cell survival mechanisms.
authors.affiliation: School of Regenerative Medicine, Manipal University, GKVK Post, Bellary Road, Allalasandra, Near Hotel Royal Orchid, Yelahanka, Bangalore 560065, India.
authors.forename: Pradeep Kumar K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Bevinahal
authors.affiliation: School of Regenerative Medicine, Manipal University, GKVK Post, Bellary Road, Allalasandra, Near Hotel Royal Orchid, Yelahanka, Bangalore 560065, India.
authors.forename: Chaitra
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Venugopal
authors.affiliation: School of Regenerative Medicine, Manipal University, GKVK Post, Bellary Road, Allalasandra, Near Hotel Royal Orchid, Yelahanka, Bangalore 560065, India.
authors.forename: Harish Chandra Prasad S
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Yencharla
authors.affiliation: School of Regenerative Medicine, Manipal University, GKVK Post, Bellary Road, Allalasandra, Near Hotel Royal Orchid, Yelahanka, Bangalore 560065, India.
authors.forename: Shashank
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chandanala
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurophysiology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Deemed University, Hosur Road, Bangalore 560029, India.
authors.forename: Raju R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Trichur
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurophysiology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Deemed University, Hosur Road, Bangalore 560029, India.
authors.forename: Sathyaprabha N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Talakad
authors.affiliation: School of Regenerative Medicine, Manipal University, GKVK Post, Bellary Road, Allalasandra, Near Hotel Royal Orchid, Yelahanka, Bangalore 560065, India.
authors.forename: Ramesh R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Bhonde
authors.affiliation: School of Regenerative Medicine, Manipal University, GKVK Post, Bellary Road, Allalasandra, Near Hotel Royal Orchid, Yelahanka, Bangalore 560065, India.
authors.forename: Anandh
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dhanushkodi