title: [Reliable microbiological diagnosis of vulvovaginal candidiasis].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Vulvovaginal candidiasis is common infection among those affecting the vulva and vagina. Is caused by the perpesentatives from the genus Candida, in most cases C. albicans (85-90%). An increase in the percentage of the so-called non-albicans agents is seen and these pathgogens are often resistant to the most commonly used in the practice antifungals. Faulty diagnosis, incorrect use of azoles, and self-treatment lead to selection of resistant strains and recurrent infections.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Identification of Candida species associated with vulvovaginal candidiasis by conventional and PCR techniques.
  
  
  METHODS
  For six months a total number of 213 vaginal secretions were tested applying Gram stain and cultivation on ChromAgar. API Candida fermentation tests and API 20CAUX assimilation tests were performed for the identification of the bacteria. Extraction of DNA of all the smears with subsequent PCR detection of different Candida species were done.
  
  
  RESULTS
  80.7% materials showed presence of blastospores and/or hyphae. Positive culture results were detected in 60 (28.2%) samples. The species specific identification revealed presence of C. albicans in 51 (85%) smears, C. glabrata--in 8 (13.3%), C. krusei--in 2 (3.3%), and S. cervisie--in 1 (2.1%). The PCR technique confirmed the results of the conventional methods. It is worth to mention that 51 of the tested smears were positive for G. vaginalis using additional PCR.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The correct diagnosis of the cause of vulvovaginal candidiasis helps in the correct choice of appropriate antifungal therapy and prevents development of recurrent infections and consequences. The PCR based method is rapid, specific and sensitive. It perfectly correlates with the results from the conventional diagnostic tests so it could be selected as a method of choice for the diagnosis of vulvovaginal candidiasis.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Baykushev
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ouzounova-Raykova
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Stoykova
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Mitov
mesh_terms: D002175:Candida / Q000145:classification / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D002181:Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000382:microbiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D014621:Vagina / Q000382:microbiology*