title: The role of klotho on vascular calcification and endothelial function in chronic kidney disease.
abstract: Recent insights into novel roles of klotho in vascular biology make this primarily kidney-derived protein a possible candidate to form a link between chronic kidney disease and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Typical features of vascular dysfunction or structural abnormalities in the arterial wall are exacerbated in klotho-deficient states. Reported klotho functions include inhibition of local phosphate transport in vascular cells, phenotypic switches of vascular cellular elements into bone-forming cells, attenuation of matrix mineralization and calcification, and also preservation of endothelial functional properties and viability. To a large extent these insights rely on animal models of kidney or cardiovascular diseases. In this review the current state of knowledge on these issues is summarized, and we aim to provide a possible new perspective on cardiovascular disease in chronic kidney disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Institute for Cardiovascular Research VU (ICaR-VU), VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Electronic address: m.vervloet@vumc.nl.
authors.forename: Marc G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Vervloet
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Aaltje Y
authors.initials: AY
authors.lastname: Adema
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Renal Unit, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Nephrology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Tobias E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Larsson
authors.affiliation: Inserm U-1088, University of Picardie Jules verne (UPJV), Amiens, France; Division of Nephrology, Ambroise Paré Hospital, Paris-Ile-de-France-Ouest University (University of Versailles Saint Quentin (UVSQ)), Paris-Boulogne Billancourt, France.
authors.forename: Ziad A
authors.initials: ZA
authors.lastname: Massy
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004727:Endothelium / Q000503:physiopathology*; D051518:Fibroblast Growth Factor 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D005966:Glucuronidase / Q000172:deficiency / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D000090265:Klotho Proteins; D051498:Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000378:metabolism*; D061205:Vascular Calcification / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D051518:Fibroblast Growth Factor 3; D051498:Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 3; D005966:Glucuronidase; D000090265:Klotho Proteins
keywords: CKD; Klotho; endothelial function; nitric oxide; phosphate; vascular calcification