title: Recent advances in food biopeptides: production, biological functionalities and therapeutic applications.
abstract: The growing momentum of several common life-style diseases such as myocardial infarction, cardiovascular disorders, stroke, hypertension, diabetes, and atherosclerosis has become a serious global concern. Recent developments in the field of proteomics offering promising solutions to solving such health problems stimulates the uses of biopeptides as one of the therapeutic agents to alleviate disease-related risk factors. Functional peptides are typically produced from protein via enzymatic hydrolysis under in vitro or in vivo conditions using different kinds of proteolytic enzymes. An array of biological activities, including antioxidative, antihypertensive, antidiabetic and immunomodulating has been ascribed to different types of biopeptides derived from various food sources. In fact, biopeptides are nutritionally and functionally important for regulating some physiological functions in the body; however, these are yet to be extensively addressed with regard to their production through advance strategies, mechanisms of action and multiple biological functionalities. This review mainly focuses on recent biotechnological advances that are being made in the field of production in addition to covering the mode of action and biological activities, medicinal health functions and therapeutic applications of biopeptides. State-of-the-art strategies that can ameliorate the efficacy, bioavailability, and functionality of biopeptides along with their future prospects are likewise discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia. Electronic address: saadi.sami@ymail.com.
authors.forename: Sami
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Saadi
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia. Electronic address: nazamid@putra.upm.edu.my.
authors.forename: Nazamid
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Saari
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Salman bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia. Electronic address: fqanwar@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Farooq
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Anwar
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia. Electronic address: azizah@food.upm.edu.my.
authors.forename: Azizah
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Abdul Hamid
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia. Electronic address: hasanah@putra.upm.edu.my.
authors.forename: Hasanah Mohd
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Ghazali
mesh_terms: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D001682:Biological Availability; D001688:Biological Products / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D005502:Food; D006868:Hydrolysis; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D010455:Peptides / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D059748:Proteolysis
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D000925:Anticoagulants; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D001688:Biological Products; D010455:Peptides
keywords: Antihypertensive; Antioxidative; Enzymatic hydrolysis; Functional peptides; In vitro and in vivo assessments; Multiple biological activities; Penetration routes; Peptides bioavailability; Protein hydrolysates