title: The mean visible labial length of maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth at rest.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the mean visible labial length of maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth at rest.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Department of Prosthodontics, Dr. Ishrat-ul-Ebad Khan Institute of Oral Health Sciences, Karachi, from October 2012 to March 2013.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 200 subjects were included. Measurements were carried out using digital caliper from the border of the lip to the incisal edges of incisor and to the cusp tip for the canines. The length of the upper lip was measured from subnasale to stomion. Statistical analyses were performed by Mann Whitney-U test and Kruskal Walli's test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The age of the participant ranged between 20 and 65 years. At rest, females significantly displayed more of the maxillary central incisor (2.93 ± 1.57 mm; p=0.003), lateral incisor (1.87 ± 1.12 mm; p=0.005) and canine (0.59 ± 0.62 mm; p=0.031). With increasing age, the amount of maxillary anterior teeth visible at rest significantly decreased (p < 0.001), and increased for the mandibular teeth (p < 0.001). Subjects with shorter upper lips significantly displayed more maxillary anterior incisor structure than subjects with longer upper lip (p < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Females displayed significantly more labial length of the maxillary anterior teeth. The mean visible labial length of maxillary anterior teeth significantly decreased with increasing age and increased for the mandibular teeth. As the upper lip length increased, the mean visible labial length of maxillary anterior teeth significantly decreased.
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthodontics, Dr. Ishrat-ul-Ebad Khan Institute of Oral Health Sciences, Karachi.
authors.forename: Faiza
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthodontics, Dr. Ishrat-ul-Ebad Khan Institute of Oral Health Sciences, Karachi.
authors.forename: Muhammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Abbas
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007180:Incisor / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D008046:Lip / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D008297:Male; D008334:Mandible / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D008437:Maxilla / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009811:Odontometry; D012737:Sex Factors; D055815:Young Adult