title: In vitro acaricidal activity of Atropa belladonna and its components, scopolamine and atropine, against Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus.
abstract: In vitro efficacy of methanolic extract of Atropa belladonna and its components scopolamine and atropine was assessed against Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus. Five concentrations of the extract (1.25%, 2.5%, 5%, 10%, and 20%) were used whereas scopolamine and atropine were each tested at 0.1%. In adult immersion test, the extract was lethal to ticks at 20% concentration. The LC50 and LC95 values were determined as 6.875% and 17.306%, respectively. The extract caused a significant reduction (P < 0.05) in egg mass production at 10% concentration. In larval packet test, the extract was lethal to larvae in the concentrations of 10% and 20% after 24 h, with LC50 and LC95 values of 1.321% and 4.935%, respectively. Scopolamine and atropine showed 93.3% and 60.0% mortality of adult ticks, respectively, but they caused complete (100%) blocking of hatching as well as 100% larval mortality. Scopolamine and atropine were observed to be more potent than the crude extract at an equivalent concentration in both the bioassays.
authors.affiliation: Division of Veterinary Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, R. S. Pura, Jammu 181 102, India.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Godara
authors.affiliation: Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR), Canal Road, Jammu 180 001, India.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Katoch
authors.affiliation: Division of Veterinary Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, R. S. Pura, Jammu 181 102, India.
authors.forename: R
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-5142-3535
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Katoch
authors.affiliation: Division of Veterinary Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, R. S. Pura, Jammu 181 102, India.
authors.forename: Anish
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yadav
authors.affiliation: Division of Veterinary Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, R. S. Pura, Jammu 181 102, India.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Parveen
authors.affiliation: Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR), Canal Road, Jammu 180 001, India.
authors.forename: Bhavna
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Vij
authors.affiliation: Division of Veterinary Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, R. S. Pura, Jammu 181 102, India.
authors.forename: Varun
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Khajuria
authors.affiliation: Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR), Canal Road, Jammu 180 001, India.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Parasitology, College of Veterinary Science, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana 141 004, India.
authors.forename: Nirbhay K
authors.initials: NK
authors.lastname: Singh
mesh_terms: D056810:Acaricides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D001532:Atropa belladonna / Q000737:chemistry*; D001285:Atropine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D007814:Larva / Q000187:drug effects; D000432:Methanol; D009929:Organ Size / Q000187:drug effects; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012098:Reproduction / Q000187:drug effects; D048494:Rhipicephalus / Q000187:drug effects*; D012601:Scopolamine / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D056810:Acaricides; D010936:Plant Extracts; D001285:Atropine; D012601:Scopolamine; D000432:Methanol