title: Effects of anethole in nociception experimental models.
abstract: This study investigated the antinociceptive activity of anethole (anethole 1-methoxy-4-benzene (1-propenyl)), major compound of the essential oil of star anise (Illicium verum), in different experimental models of nociception. The animals were pretreated with anethole (62.5, 125, 250, and 500 mg/kg) one hour before the experiments. To eliminate a possible sedative effect of anethole, the open field test was conducted. Anethole (62.5, 125, 250, and 500 mg/kg) showed an antinociceptive effect in the writhing model induced by acetic acid, in the second phase of the formalin test (125 and 250 mg/kg) in the test of glutamate (62.5, 125, and 250 mg/kg), and expresses pain induced by ACF (250 mg/kg). In contrast, anethole was not able to increase the latency time on the hot plate and decrease the number of flinches during the initial phase of the formalin test in any of the doses tested. It was also demonstrated that anethole has no association with sedative effects. Therefore, these data showed that anethole, at all used doses, has no sedative effect and has an antinociceptive effect. This effect may be due to a decrease in the production/release of inflammatory mediators.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Laboratory of Inflammation, State University of Maringá, Avenida Colombo 5790, 87020-900 Maringá, PR, Brazil.
authors.forename: Alessandra Mileni Versuti
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Ritter
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Laboratory of Inflammation, State University of Maringá, Avenida Colombo 5790, 87020-900 Maringá, PR, Brazil.
authors.forename: Franciele Queiroz
authors.initials: FQ
authors.lastname: Ames
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Laboratory of Inflammation, State University of Maringá, Avenida Colombo 5790, 87020-900 Maringá, PR, Brazil.
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Otani
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Laboratory of Brain Ischemia and Neuroprotection, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rubia Maria Weffort
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: de Oliveira
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Laboratory of Inflammation, State University of Maringá, Avenida Colombo 5790, 87020-900 Maringá, PR, Brazil.
authors.forename: Roberto Kenji Nakamura
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Cuman
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Laboratory of Inflammation, State University of Maringá, Avenida Colombo 5790, 87020-900 Maringá, PR, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ciomar Aparecida
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Bersani-Amado