title: Quality of antenatal care in primary health care centers of bangladesh.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To find out the quality of ANC in the Upazila Health Complexes (PHC centres) of Bangladesh.
  
  
  METHODS
  This cross sectional study was done in purposively selected three upazilas among the clients receiving antenatal care (ANC). Data were collected with questionnaire cum checklist in the context of two aspects of quality issues, namely assessment of physical arrangements for ANC (input) and services rendered by the providers (process).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean age of respondents was 24.6±4.5 years. Majority of the respondents were with primary level education (60.3%). About half (52.8%) of the families had monthly income ranging from 3000-5000 taka (38-64 US$). Nearly half (48.9%) had no child, little more than one third (42.3%) were primigravida and 528 (57.7%) were multigravida. Out of 528 multigravid respondents 360 (68.2%) took ANC in their previous pregnancy whereas 168 (31.8%) did not take ANC Pregnancy outcome was found to be associated with receiving ANC (χ(2)=73.599; p=0.000). Respondents receiving ANC had more good pregnancy outcome. The mean waiting time for receiving ANC was 0.77±.49 hours. Out of the 13 centers, only 3 (23.1%) have sufficient instruments to render ANC services. Findings showed that where the modes of ANC service delivery in the ANC centers are fairly satisfactory. Though some of the points of standard operation procedures (SOPs) on ANC are not covered by some ANC centers, those were not considered necessary. But, regarding the physical facilities available for rendering ANC services, it is seen that facilities are not quite satisfactory. Number of doctors and nurses are not very satisfactory. One of the centers under this study has no doctor, where ANC services are given by nurses.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It can be concluded that the ANC services at the primary health care level is not adequate in Bangladesh. To ensure further improvement of the quality of ANC services, instruments used in logistics and supplies should be enhanced.
authors.affiliation: Department of Community Medicine, Bangladesh University of Health Science, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
authors.forename: Ahmed M S A
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Mansur
authors.affiliation: Department of Population Dynamics, National Institute of Preventive and Social Medicine (NIPSOM), Dhaka, Bangladesh.
authors.forename: Karim M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Rezaul
authors.affiliation: Department of Community Medicine, National Institute of Preventive and Social Medicine (NIPSOM), Dhaka, Bangladesh.
authors.forename: Hoque M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Mahmudul
authors.affiliation: Department of Community Medicine, Bangladesh University of Health Science, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
authors.forename: Chowdhury
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: S
keywords: Antenatal Care; Multigravida; Primary Health Care; Primigravida