title: Formulation of oil-in-water β-carotene microemulsions: effect of oil type and fatty acid chain length.
abstract: The impact of oil type and fatty acid chain length on the development of food-grade microemulsions for the entrapment of β-carotene was investigated. The microemulsion region of a ternary phase diagram containing short chain monoglycerides was larger than for di- and triglycerides when Tween 80 was used as surfactant. The cytotoxicity of microemulsions composed of a 30% monoglyceride oil, 20% Tween 80 and 50% aqueous buffer were evaluated using an in vitro cell culture model (human epithelial colorectal adenocarcinoma, Caco-2). The cytotoxicity test showed that the viability of Caco-2 cells against β-carotene microemulsions at concentrations of 0.03125% (v/v) was higher than 90%. This study suggests that short chain monoglycerides could be used with Tween 80 to prepare transparent β-carotene-encapsulated O/W microemulsions in the particle size range of 12-100 nm.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Shahin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Roohinejad
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand. Electronic address: indrawati.oey@otago.ac.nz.
authors.forename: Indrawati
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Oey
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, University of Auckland, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Jingyuan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wen
authors.affiliation: Institute of Food, Nutrition and Human Health, Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Sung Je
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand; Riddet Institute, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
authors.forename: David W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Everett
authors.affiliation: Department of Botany, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Burritt
mesh_terms: D018938:Caco-2 Cells; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; D004553:Electric Conductivity; D004655:Emulsions; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D011136:Polysorbates / Q000737:chemistry; D012995:Solubility; D014783:Viscosity; D019207:beta Carotene / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D004655:Emulsions; D005227:Fatty Acids; D011136:Polysorbates; D019207:beta Carotene
keywords: Cytotoxicity test; Medium-chain fatty acids; Monoglycerides; Non-ionic surfactant; Phase diagrams; β-Carotene microemulsion