title: Elevated HbA1c is associated with increased risk of incident dementia in primary care patients.
abstract: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a risk factor of dementia. The effect of T2DM treatment quality on dementia risk, however, is unclear. 1,342 elderly individuals recruited via general practitioner registries (AgeCoDe cohort) were analyzed. This study analyzed the association between HbA1c level and the incidence of all-cause dementia (ACD) and of Alzheimer's disease dementia (referred to here as AD). HbA1c levels ≥6.5% were associated with 2.8-fold increased risk of incident ACD (p = 0.027) and for AD (p = 0.047). HbA1c levels ≥7% were associated with a five-fold increased risk of incident ACD (p = 0.001) and 4.7-fold increased risk of incident AD (p = 0.004). The T2DM diagnosis per se did not increase the risk of either ACD or AD. Higher levels of HbA1c are associated with increased risk of ACD and AD in an elderly population. T2DM diagnosis was not associated with increased risk if HbA1c levels were below 7%.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany Institute of Human Genetic, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
authors.forename: Alfredo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ramirez
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany German Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders (DZNE, Bonn), Bonn, Germany.
authors.forename: Steffen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wolfsgruber
authors.affiliation: Department of Primary Medical Care, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Carolin
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lange
authors.affiliation: Department of Primary Medical Care, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Hanna
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kaduszkiewicz
authors.affiliation: Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.
authors.forename: Siegfried
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Weyerer
authors.affiliation: Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.
authors.forename: Jochen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Werle
authors.affiliation: Institute of General Practice, Medical Faculty of the Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pentzek
authors.affiliation: Institute of General Practice, Medical Faculty of the Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fuchs
authors.affiliation: Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
authors.forename: Steffi G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Riedel-Heller
authors.affiliation: Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany LIFE - Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
authors.forename: Tobias
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Luck
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Technische Universität München, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Edelgard
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mösch
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Technische Universität München, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Horst
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bickel
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biometrics, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
authors.forename: Birgitt
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wiese
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biometrics, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
authors.forename: Jana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Prokein
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Sociology and Health Economics, Hamburg Center for Health Economics, University Medical Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Hans-Helmut
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: König
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Sociology and Health Economics, Hamburg Center for Health Economics, University Medical Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Brettschneider
authors.affiliation: German Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders (DZNE, Bonn), Bonn, Germany.
authors.forename: Monique M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Breteler
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany German Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders (DZNE, Bonn), Bonn, Germany.
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Maier
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany German Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders (DZNE, Bonn), Bonn, Germany.
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Jessen
authors.affiliation: Department of Primary Medical Care, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Scherer
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015897:Comorbidity; D003704:Dementia / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008609:Mental Status Schedule; D011320:Primary Health Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; C517652:hemoglobin A1c protein, human
keywords: Alzheimer's disease; diabetes mellitus; epidemiology; glycosylated hemoglobin; incident dementia