title: Benzo(a)pyrene disrupts mouse preimplantation embryo development.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the effects of Benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) on the development of early preimplantation embryo by exposure to physiologic concentrations of BaP based on a previous report in human ovarian follicular fluid and serum.
  
  
  METHODS
  Zygotes were cultured in 5 nM or 50 nM BaP and then examined for development efficiency, embryo quality, and DNA damage. In addition, embryonic stem cells (ESCs) were used as a model to test the toxic effects of BaP on inner cell mass (ICM) of blastocysts.
  
  
  METHODS
  Laboratory.
  
  
  METHODS
  CD1 mice.
  
  
  METHODS
  Mouse zygotes and ESCs were cultured in medium with 5 nM or 50 nM BaP.
  
  
  METHODS
  The percentage (rate) of blastocyst development, reactive oxygen species level, and quality of embryos assessed by total cell number, cell apoptosis, Oct4- and Nanog-positive cell ratio, and DNA damage on genomic and telomeric DNA were compared between dimethyl sulfoxide control and BaP treatments.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The BaP-treated zygotes exhibited significantly higher reactive oxygen species activity, which might lead to more cell apoptosis, low ratio of Nanog- or Oct4-positive ICM cells, and increasing DNA damage in both genomic and telomeric DNA in blastocysts. By using mouse ESCs derived from ICM cells as a model, we showed that pluripotent cells might also show serious DNA damage after a brief exposure to BaP.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data show that BaP could seriously disrupt cell growth and genomic DNA stability and increase cell apoptosis in mouse preimplantation embryo development.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine of Guangdong Province, First Affiliated Hospital and School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Shaoquan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhan
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine of Guangdong Province, First Affiliated Hospital and School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xiya
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine of Guangdong Province, Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Shanbo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine of Guangdong Province, First Affiliated Hospital and School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China. Electronic address: hjunjiu@mail.sysu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Junjiu
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Huang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D001564:Benzo(a)pyrene / Q000633:toxicity*; D001755:Blastocyst / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D001757:Blastomeres / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D047108:Embryonic Development / Q000187:drug effects*; D053595:Embryonic Stem Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D051379:Mice; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D001564:Benzo(a)pyrene
keywords: Benzo(a)pyrene; DNA damage; preimplantation embryo; reactive oxygen species; telomere