title: Evaluation of hormonal changes in menstrual cycle of women infected with pulmonary tuberculosis in Nnewi, south eastern Nigeria.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The present study was designed to evaluate the hormonal changes in menstrual cycle of premenopausal women infected with pulmonary tuberculosis in Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital Nnewi.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective study involving sixty-seven (67) female participants within the child-bearing age were randomly recruited and grouped based on their tuberculosis status as: Symptomatic TB infected females (n=20), Symptomatic TB infected females on ATT (n=20) and Control females (n=27). After due consent, a detailed medical history was obtained and routine investigations of pulmonary tuberculosis and confirmation using Ziehl Neelsen and sputum culture techniques for AFB and chest x-ray were done. Blood samples collected from the participants were used for hormonal assay using immunoenzymometric method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results showed that the serum levels of FSH and LH (IU/ml) were significantly higher while progesterone and estradiol were significantly lower in Symptomatic TB females compared to Symptomatic TB females on ATT at follicular and luteal phases of menstrual cycle (P<0.05). The serum levels of FSH and LH were significantly reduced in Symptomatic TB females on ATT while progesterone and estradiol were significantly increased at follicular and luteal phases of menstrual cycle (P<0.05). FSH was significantly higher at follicular phase while estradiol was significantly higher at luteal phase of menstrual cycle in Symptomatic TB females on ATT.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Tuberculosis induced hypogonadism in affected women which seemed to be reversed on treatment. Routine investigation for Tuberculosis should be done for women presenting with infertility, since early treatment can reverse the abnormality.
authors.forename: N R
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: Ukibe
authors.forename: C C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Onyenekwe
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Ahaneku
authors.forename: S N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Ukibe
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Meludu
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Emelumadu
authors.forename: C O
authors.initials: CO
authors.lastname: Ifeadike
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ilika
authors.forename: M O
authors.initials: MO
authors.lastname: Ifeanyichukwu
authors.forename: A O
authors.initials: AO
authors.lastname: Igwegbe
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Nnadozie
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D004958:Estradiol / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone / Q000097:blood*; D008597:Menstrual Cycle / Q000502:physiology*; D008599:Menstruation Disturbances / Q000382:microbiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009549:Nigeria; D010908:Pituitary Hormones, Anterior / Q000097:blood*; D011374:Progesterone / Q000097:blood*; D014397:Tuberculosis, Pulmonary / Q000097:blood*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D010908:Pituitary Hormones, Anterior; D011374:Progesterone; D004958:Estradiol; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone