title: Antioxidative capacity of a dietary supplement on retinal hemodynamic function in a human lipopolysaccharide (LPS) model.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Beneficial effects of dietary supplements in age-related macular degeneration (AMD) are related to antioxidative properties. In the Age-Related Eye Disease Study 1 (AREDS 1), a reduced progression to late stage AMD was found using vitamin C, E, zinc, and β-carotene. We showed previously that the AREDS 1 formulation restores the O2-induced retinal vasoconstrictor response of retinal vessels in a human endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide [LPS]) model.
  
  
  METHODS
  We hypothesized that the abnormal O2-induced retinal red blood cell (RBC) flow response can be modulated by a different formulation (vitamin C, E, and zinc, lutein/zeaxanthin, selenium, taurine, Aronia extract, and omega-3 free fatty acids). A total of 43 healthy subjects was included in this randomized, double masked, placebo-controlled parallel group study. The reactivity of retinal arterial and venous diameter, RBC velocity, and flow to 100% O2 breathing was investigated in the absence and presence of 2 ng/kg LPS. Between the two study days was a 14-day period of daily dietary supplement intake.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The decrease in retinal arterial diameter, RBC velocity, and flow during 100% O2 breathing was diminished significantly after LPS infusion. Dietary supplement intake for 14 days almost restored the response of retinal hemodynamic parameters to 100% O2 after LPS administration. This effect was significant for retinal arterial diameter (P = 0.03 between groups), and RBC velocity and flow (each P < 0.01 between groups).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present data indicate restoring of the RBC flow response to 100% O2 after LPS administration. This is likely due to an amelioration of endothelial dysfunction resulting from oxidative stress, a factor involved in AMD pathophysiology. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00914576.).
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Reinhard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Told
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Doreen
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Schmidl
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Palkovits
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Agnes
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Boltz
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Ghazaleh
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gouya
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wolzt
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Katarzyna J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Witkowska
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Emergency University Hospital, Bucharest, Romania.
authors.forename: Alina
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Popa-Cherecheanu
authors.affiliation: Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Renè M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Werkmeister
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Gerhard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Garhöfer
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Leopold
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Schmetterer
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D064368:Healthy Volunteers; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D017078:Laser-Doppler Flowmetry; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000009:adverse effects; D008268:Macular Degeneration / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008297:Male; D012039:Regional Blood Flow; D012160:Retina / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012171:Retinal Vessels / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; C082161:lipopolysaccharide A
keywords: dietary supplements; endotoxin model; red blood cell flow; retinal blood flow; retinal hemodynamic function; white blood cell flow; young healthy subjects