title: Incidental gall bladder cancers: Are they truly incidental?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To seek and analyze features suggestive of gallbladder cancer (GBC) on preoperative imaging and intraoperative findings in patients diagnosed as having incidental GBC (IGBC).
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was conducted on 79 patients of IGBC managed in our department over a 10-year period (2003-2012). Review of preoperative imaging and operative notes was done to ascertain any suspicion of malignancy-in-retrospect.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 79 patients, Ultrasound abdomen showed diffuse thickening, not suspicious of malignancy in 5 patients, and diffuse suspicious thickening was seen in 4 patients. Focal thickening suspicious of malignancy was present in 24 patients. Preoperative computed tomography/magnetic resonance imaging was done in 9 patients for suspicion of malignancy. In 5 patients, difficult Cholecystectomy was encountered due to dense/inflammatory adhesions. Intraoperative findings showed focal thickening of the gallbladder and a gallbladder mass in 9 and 17 patients respectively. On overall analysis, 37 patients had preoperative imaging or intraoperative findings suggestive of malignancy, which was either a missed GBC or an unsuspected/unexpected GBC. In 42 (53.2%) patients, there was no evidence suggestive of malignancy and was an unanticipated diagnosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study highlights a potential and not-so-rare pitfall of Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy. A greater awareness of this clinical entity along with a high index of suspicion and a low threshold for conversion to open procedure, especially in endemic areas may avert avoidable patient morbidity and mortality.
authors.affiliation: Ashwin Rammohan, Jeswanth Sathyanesan, Ravichandran Palaniappan, Manoharan Govindan, The Institute of Surgical Gastroenterology and Liver Transplantation, Centre for GI Bleed, Division of HPB diseases, Stanley Medical College Hospital, Chennai 600001, India.
authors.forename: Ashwin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rammohan
authors.affiliation: Ashwin Rammohan, Jeswanth Sathyanesan, Ravichandran Palaniappan, Manoharan Govindan, The Institute of Surgical Gastroenterology and Liver Transplantation, Centre for GI Bleed, Division of HPB diseases, Stanley Medical College Hospital, Chennai 600001, India.
authors.forename: Sathya D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Cherukuri
authors.affiliation: Ashwin Rammohan, Jeswanth Sathyanesan, Ravichandran Palaniappan, Manoharan Govindan, The Institute of Surgical Gastroenterology and Liver Transplantation, Centre for GI Bleed, Division of HPB diseases, Stanley Medical College Hospital, Chennai 600001, India.
authors.forename: Jeswanth
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sathyanesan
authors.affiliation: Ashwin Rammohan, Jeswanth Sathyanesan, Ravichandran Palaniappan, Manoharan Govindan, The Institute of Surgical Gastroenterology and Liver Transplantation, Centre for GI Bleed, Division of HPB diseases, Stanley Medical College Hospital, Chennai 600001, India.
authors.forename: Ravichandran
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Palaniappan
authors.affiliation: Ashwin Rammohan, Jeswanth Sathyanesan, Ravichandran Palaniappan, Manoharan Govindan, The Institute of Surgical Gastroenterology and Liver Transplantation, Centre for GI Bleed, Division of HPB diseases, Stanley Medical College Hospital, Chennai 600001, India.
authors.forename: Manoharan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Govindan
keywords: Imaging; Incidental gallbladder cancer; Preoperative detection