title: Down syndrome and Alzheimer's disease: Common pathways, common goals.
abstract: In the United States, estimates indicate there are between 250,000 and 400,000 individuals with Down syndrome (DS), and nearly all will develop Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology starting in their 30s. With the current lifespan being 55 to 60 years, approximately 70% will develop dementia, and if their life expectancy continues to increase, the number of individuals developing AD will concomitantly increase. Pathogenic and mechanistic links between DS and Alzheimer's prompted the Alzheimer's Association to partner with the Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome and the Global Down Syndrome Foundation at a workshop of AD and DS experts to discuss similarities and differences, challenges, and future directions for this field. The workshop articulated a set of research priorities: (1) target identification and drug development, (2) clinical and pathological staging, (3) cognitive assessment and clinical trials, and (4) partnerships and collaborations with the ultimate goal to deliver effective disease-modifying treatments.
authors.affiliation: Medical and Scientific Relations, Alzheimer's Association, Chicago, IL, USA. Electronic address: dhartley@alz.org.
authors.forename: Dean
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hartley
authors.affiliation: Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA; Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Blumenthal
authors.affiliation: Medical and Scientific Relations, Alzheimer's Association, Chicago, IL, USA.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Carrillo
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center and The Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and The Aging Brain, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Gilbert
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: DiPaolo
authors.affiliation: Department of Behavioral Health, Trinitas Regional Medical Center, Elizabeth, NJ, USA.
authors.forename: Lucille
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Esralew
authors.affiliation: Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado, Denver, CO, USA.
authors.forename: Katheleen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Gardiner
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience and the Center on Aging, Medical University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.
authors.forename: Ann-Charlotte
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Granholm
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurochemistry, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Khalid
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Iqbal
authors.affiliation: Janssen Research & Development, Raritan, NJ, USA.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Krams
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology and the Anne Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Cynthia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lemere
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Ira
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Lott
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Mobley
authors.affiliation: Janssen Research & Development, Raritan, NJ, USA.
authors.forename: Seth
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ness
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Cell Biology, New York University, Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Ralph
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nixon
authors.affiliation: Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Colorado, Denver, CO, USA.
authors.forename: Huntington
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Potter
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, McKusick-Nathans Institute for Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Roger
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Reeves
authors.affiliation: Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Banner Health, Sun City, AZ, USA.
authors.forename: Marwan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sabbagh
authors.affiliation: Department of Behavioral Psychology, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Wayne
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Silverman
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center and The Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and The Aging Brain, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Benjamin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Tycko
authors.affiliation: Global Down Syndrome Foundation, Denver, CO, USA.
authors.forename: Michelle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Whitten
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Pathology, and Psychiatry, New York University, Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wisniewski
mesh_terms: D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D000818:Animals; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D003226:Congresses as Topic; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004314:Down Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D055808:Drug Discovery; D006801:Humans; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests
keywords: ADNI; Alzheimer's disease; Amyloid precursor protein; Animal models; Beta-amyloid; Biomarkers; Clinical trials; Cognitive assessment; DS-Connect; Dementia; Down syndrome; Drug discovery; Neuroimaging; Neuroinflammation; Tau; Trisomy 21; Ts65Dn; Workshop