title: The emotional distress of children with cancer in China: an item response analysis of C-Ped-PROMIS Anxiety and Depression short forms.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The pediatric patient-reported outcomes measurement information system (PROMIS) was developed to provide self-reported item banks and short forms for children and adolescents (aged 8-17 years) experiencing a chronic illness to assess their quality of life and symptoms. The pediatric PROMIS short forms have been translated into Chinese and applied in children with cancer in China. This study aimed to describe psychometric properties of the Anxiety and Depression measures.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 232 children and adolescents with cancer were recruited in hospital-based inpatient and outpatient clinics. Eight Chinese versions of pediatric PROMIS (C-Ped-PROMIS) measures were administered. Categorical confirmatory factor analysis (CCFA) were conducted to evaluate scale dimensionality and item local dependence of the C-Ped-PROMIS Anxiety and Depression items. Multiple indicator multiple cause models were used to analyze differential item functioning (DIF), item response theory parameters were calculated, and test information against T scores was reported for each measure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results of the CCFA confirmed that both C-Ped-PROMIS Anxiety and Depression scales appropriately measure the theoretical constructs as designed. No significant DIF was found for the items of the two scales according to age and gender. Both scales have high test reliability as long as their T scores are not on the low or high extremes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The pediatric PROMIS Anxiety and Depression measures were developed to provide efficient and flexible assessment of emotional distress domains. Our results provide evidence that the two C-Ped-PROMIS measures can be readily applied to measure anxious and depressive symptoms in Chinese children with cancer.
authors.affiliation: Second Military Medical University, 200433, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Yanyan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Jingting
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Pamela S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Hinds
authors.forename: Jichuan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Nanping
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: Xiufang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.forename: Changrong
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yuan
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001007:Anxiety / Q000175:diagnosis*; D002648:Child; D002681:China; D003863:Depression / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000523:psychology*; D011594:Psychometrics; D011788:Quality of Life / Q000523:psychology; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D057566:Self Report / Q000592:standards*; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000175:diagnosis*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires