title: Phenyl-β-D-Glucopyranoside Exhibits Anti-inflammatory Activity in Lipopolysaccharide-Activated RAW 264.7 Cells.
abstract: Phenyl-β-D-glucopyranoside is a component of Phellodendron amurense with anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory activities. In the present study, we investigated the role of phenyl-β-D-glucopyranoside in inflammation using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated murine Raw 264.7 macrophages. Phenyl-β-D-glucopyranoside not only inhibited nitric oxide (NO) production but also significantly inhibited the expression of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) without inducing cytotoxicity. Phenyl-β-D-glucopyranoside also attenuated proinflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and other inflammation-related genes, such as IL-6 in a concentration-dependent manner. Furthermore, phenyl-β-D-glucopyranoside abolished increased adhesion, ninjurin 1 (Ninj1) expression, and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity induced by endotoxin treatment. Finally, phenyl-β-D-glucopyranoside inhibited the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), which is one of the most important transcription factors involved in the inflammatory process. Taken together, phenyl-β-D-glucopyranoside may be beneficial for the prevention and treatment of anti-inflammatory diseases.
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy, Inje University, Gimhae, Korea.
authors.forename: Su Jung
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.forename: Hyo-Jong
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects; D015816:Cell Adhesion Molecules, Neuronal / Q000096:biosynthesis; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D005697:Galactosides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007249:Inflammation / Q000188:drug therapy*; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000378:metabolism; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D008262:Macrophage Activation / Q000276:immunology*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000276:immunology*; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors / Q000096:biosynthesis; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000096:biosynthesis; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000096:biosynthesis; D032102:Phellodendron / Q000378:metabolism; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D015816:Cell Adhesion Molecules, Neuronal; D005697:Galactosides; C587672:IL1B protein, mouse; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D015850:Interleukin-6; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D016328:NF-kappa B; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors; C484439:Ninj1 protein, mouse; D010936:Plant Extracts; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D009569:Nitric Oxide; C046399:phenyl-D-galactopyranoside; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; C077623:Ptgs2 protein, mouse; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases