title: Landmark clinical trials influencing surgical management of non-invasive and invasive breast cancer.
abstract: The surgical management of breast cancer has changed considerably since the use of the Halstedian radical mastectomy early in the 20th century. Over the last 50 years, several landmark clinical trials from the USA and Europe have resulted in a paradigm shift in the management of breast cancer toward less radical forms of surgery with the combined use of multi-modality treatments including systemic chemotherapy, endocrine therapy, and radiotherapy. Advances in such research have established a new worldwide standard of care for breast cancer surgical management and treatment, which has become more patient centric and which places a higher emphasis on cosmesis and improved patient quality of life. In this chapter, we review the landmark clinical trials that have influenced surgical management for non-invasive and invasive breast cancer and that serve to guide current clinical practices to date.
authors.affiliation: National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project Operations Center (The NSABP is now part of NRG Oncology), Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Allegheny Cancer Center, Allegheny General Hospital, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
authors.forename: Thomas B
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: Julian
authors.forename: Charis A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Venditti
authors.forename: Shivani
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Duggal
mesh_terms: D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000266:history* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic / Q000266:history*; D005060:Europe; D005260:Female; D049673:History, 20th Century; D049674:History, 21st Century; D006801:Humans; D008408:Mastectomy / Q000266:history* / Q000592:standards; D014481:United States
keywords: breast cancer; clinical trials; research