title: Balance and imbalance in the immune system: life on the edge.
abstract: CTLA-4 is a key immune checkpoint in maintaining self-tolerance, which can be co-opted by cancer to evade immune attack. In Science, Kuehn et al. (2014) describe clinical manifestations from inherited heterozygous CTLA4 mutations, and some are reminiscent of immune-related consequences from anti-CTLA-4 cancer therapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA. Electronic address: stopali1@jhmi.edu.
authors.forename: Suzanne L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Topalian
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA. Electronic address: arlene_sharpe@hms.harvard.edu.
authors.forename: Arlene H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Sharpe
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D060908:CTLA-4 Antigen / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D018095:Germ-Line Mutation; D057895:Haploinsufficiency; D006801:Humans; D007154:Immune System Diseases / Q000235:genetics*; D007109:Immunity / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male
chemical_list: D060908:CTLA-4 Antigen