title: Latest approaches on green chemistry preconcentration methods for trace metal determination in seawater--a review.
abstract: Evaluation of trace metal levels in seawater samples is undertaken regularly by research groups all over the world, leading to a growing demand for techniques involving fewer toxic reagents, less time-consuming protocols and lower limits of detection. This review focuses on providing a brief but concise description of the latest methodologies developed to this end, outlining the advantages and disadvantages of the various protocols, chelating and dispersive agents and instruments used. Conclusions are drawn on the basis of the articles reviewed, highlighting improvements introduced in order to enhance the performance of the protocols.
authors.affiliation: Instituto Argentino de Oceanografía (IADO - CONICET/UNS), Camino La Carrindanga km 7.5, 8000 Bahía Blanca, Argentina. Electronic address: noelacolla@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Noelia Soledad
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: La Colla
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional del Sur, Avenida Alem 1251, 8000 Bahía Blanca, Argentina. Electronic address: dominiclaudia@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Claudia Elizabeth
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Domini
authors.affiliation: Instituto Argentino de Oceanografía (IADO - CONICET/UNS), Camino La Carrindanga km 7.5, 8000 Bahía Blanca, Argentina; Universidad de la Fraternidad de Agrupaciones Santo Tomás de Aquino, Gascón 3145, 7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina; Universidad Tecnológica Nacional - FRBB, 11 de Abril 445, 8000 Bahía Blanca, Argentina. Electronic address: jorgemar@criba.edu.ar.
authors.forename: Jorge Eduardo
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Marcovecchio
authors.affiliation: Instituto Argentino de Oceanografía (IADO - CONICET/UNS), Camino La Carrindanga km 7.5, 8000 Bahía Blanca, Argentina; Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur, San Juan 670, 8000 Bahía Blanca, Argentina. Electronic address: sbotte@criba.edu.ar.
authors.forename: Sandra Elizabeth
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Botté
mesh_terms: D002614:Chelating Agents / Q000737:chemistry; D055772:Green Chemistry Technology; D006801:Humans; D059627:Liquid Phase Microextraction; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000737:chemistry*; D012623:Seawater / Q000737:chemistry*; D014131:Trace Elements / Q000737:chemistry*; D014873:Water Pollutants / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D002614:Chelating Agents; D019216:Metals, Heavy; D014131:Trace Elements; D014873:Water Pollutants
keywords: Liquid–liquid microextraction techniques; Preconcentration techniques; Seawater; Trace metals