title: Fructose consumption in the Netherlands: the Dutch National Food Consumption Survey 2007-2010.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Despite the worldwide scientific and media attention, the actual fructose consumption in many non-US populations is not clear. The aim of this study was to estimate the fructose consumption and its main food sources in a representative sample of the general Dutch population.
  
  
  METHODS
  In all, 3817 children and adults aged 7-69 years from the Dutch National Food Consumption Survey 2007-2010 were studied. Values for fructose content of the products were assigned using several food composition tables. Diet was assessed with two nonconsecutive 24-h dietary recalls. The Multiple Source Method was used to take into account day-to-day variation and to estimate the habitual fructose consumption.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Median habitual fructose intake was 46 g/day, with an interquartile range of 35-60 g/day. In boys, the highest median intake was observed among 14- to 18-year olds: 61 g/day. In girls, those aged 9-13 years reported the highest median intake: 56 g/day. Of total fructose intake, 67% was consumed in the form of sucrose and 33% was consumed as free fructose. Soft drinks constituted the main food source of total fructose (13-29% across age and sex categories), followed by juices (9-12%), fruit (9-18%), cake and cookies (9-11%) and dairy products (6-10%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Fructose comprised 9% of the mean daily energy intake in the general Dutch population aged 7-69 years. The fructose consumption was somewhat lower than most recent figures from the US. The main food sources of fructose were soft drinks, juices and fruit.
authors.affiliation: Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sluik
authors.affiliation: Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: A I
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Engelen
authors.affiliation: Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: E J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Feskens
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001835:Body Weight; D002241:Carbohydrates / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002253:Carbonated Beverages / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D002648:Child; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004032:Diet / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D005632:Fructose / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005638:Fruit; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011939:Mental Recall; D008875:Middle Aged; D009426:Netherlands; D015596:Nutrition Assessment; D009749:Nutrition Surveys / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D002241:Carbohydrates; D005632:Fructose