title: Asthma, allergic rhinitis, and sleep problems in urban children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In this study, we examine the association of asthma (asthma symptoms, asthma control, lung function) and sleep problems in a group of urban children. The role of allergic rhinitis (AR), a comorbid condition of asthma, on children's sleep problems is also examined. Finally, we investigate whether sleep hygiene moderates the association between asthma and sleep problems, and whether there are differences in these associations based on ethnic background.
  
  
  METHODS
  Non-Latino White, Latino, and African American urban children with asthma (n = 195) ages 7-9 (47% female) and their primary caregivers participated in a baseline visit involving interview-based questionnaires on demographics, asthma and rhinitis control, and caregiver report of children's sleep problems and sleep hygiene. Children and their caregivers participated in a clinical evaluation of asthma and AR, followed by a month monitoring period of children's asthma using objective and subjective methods.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Total sleep problem scores were higher in children of the sample who were from African American and Latino backgrounds, compared to non-Latino white children. Poor asthma control was predictive of higher levels of sleep problems in the entire sample. Poorer AR control also was related to more sleep problems, over and above children's asthma in the sample. This association was more robust in non-Latino white children. Poor sleep hygiene heightened the association between poor asthma control and sleep problems in the entire sample and in African American children.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Multidisciplinary interventions integrating the co-management of asthma, AR, and the effects of both illnesses on children's sleep, need to be developed and tailored to children and their families' ethnic background.
authors.affiliation: Bradley/Hasbro Children's Research Center, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI.
authors.forename: Daphne
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Koinis-Mitchell
authors.affiliation: Bradley/Hasbro Children's Research Center, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI.
authors.forename: Sheryl J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Kopel
authors.affiliation: Bradley/Hasbro Children's Research Center, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI.
authors.forename: Julie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Boergers
authors.affiliation: Bradley/Hasbro Children's Research Center, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI.
authors.forename: Kara
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ramos
authors.affiliation: Bradley/Hasbro Children's Research Center, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI.
authors.forename: Monique
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: LeBourgeois
authors.affiliation: Bradley/Hasbro Children's Research Center, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI.
authors.forename: Elizabeth L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: McQuaid
authors.affiliation: Bradley/Hasbro Children's Research Center, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI.
authors.forename: Cynthia A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Esteban
authors.affiliation: Bradley/Hasbro Children's Research Center, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI.
authors.forename: Roald
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Seifer
authors.affiliation: Bradley/Hasbro Children's Research Center, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI.
authors.forename: Gregory K
authors.initials: GK
authors.lastname: Fritz
authors.affiliation: Bradley/Hasbro Children's Research Center, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Klein
mesh_terms: D001741:Black or African American / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D001249:Asthma / Q000150:complications*; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006630:Hispanic or Latino / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D065631:Rhinitis, Allergic / Q000150:complications*; D012893:Sleep Wake Disorders / Q000150:complications*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014505:Urban Population / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D044465:White People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data
keywords: asthma; sleep behaviors; urban children