title: Transmissive Nanohole Arrays for Massively-Parallel Optical Biosensing.
abstract: A high-throughput optical biosensing technique is proposed and demonstrated. This hybrid technique combines optical transmission of nanoholes with colorimetric silver staining. The size and spacing of the nanoholes are chosen so that individual nanoholes can be independently resolved in massive parallel using an ordinary transmission optical microscope, and, in place of determining a spectral shift, the brightness of each nanohole is recorded to greatly simplify the readout. Each nanohole then acts as an independent sensor, and the blocking of nanohole optical transmission by enzymatic silver staining defines the specific detection of a biological agent. Nearly 10000 nanoholes can be simultaneously monitored under the field of view of a typical microscope. As an initial proof of concept, biotinylated lysozyme (biotin-HEL) was used as a model analyte, giving a detection limit as low as 0.1 ng/mL.
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston , Houston, Texas 77204, United States.
authors.forename: Yanan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston , Houston, Texas 77204, United States.
authors.forename: Archana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kar
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston , Houston, Texas 77204, United States.
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Paterson
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston , Houston, Texas 77204, United States.
authors.forename: Katerina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kourentzi
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston , Houston, Texas 77204, United States.
authors.forename: Han
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Le
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston , Houston, Texas 77204, United States.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ruchhoeft
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston , Houston, Texas 77204, United States ; Centro de Biotecnología FEMSA, Departamento de Biotecnología e Ingeniería de Alimentos, Tecnológico de Monterrey , Monterrey, NL 64849, Mexico.
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Willson
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston , Houston, Texas 77204, United States.
authors.forename: Jiming
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bao
keywords: biosensing; colorimetric detection; enzymatic silver staining; immunoassay; nanohole array; transmission optical microscope