title: Continuous and Cuffless Blood Pressure Monitoring Based on ECG and SpO2 Signals ByUsing Microsoft Visual C Sharp.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  One of the main problems especially in operating room and monitoring devices is measurement of Blood Pressure (BP) by sphygmomanometer cuff. Objective :In this study we designed a new method to measure BP changes continuously for detecting information between cuff inflation times by using vital signals in monitoring devices. This will be achieved by extraction of the time difference between each cardiac cycle and a relative pulse wave.
  
  
  METHODS
  Finger pulse and ECG signals in lead I were recorded by a monitoring device. The output of monitoring device wasinserted in a computer by serial network communication. A software interface (Microsoft Visual C#.NET ) was used to display and process the signals in the computer. Time difference between each cardiac cycle and pulse signal was calculated throughout R wave detection in ECG and peak of pulse signal by the software. The relation between time difference in two waves and BP was determined then the coefficients of equation were obtained in different physical situations. The results of estimating BP were compared with the results of sphygmomanometer method and the error rate was calculated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In this study, 25 subjects participated among them 15 were male and 10 were female. The results showed that BP was linearly related to time difference. Average of coefficient correlation was 0.9±0.03 for systolic and 0.82±0.04 for diastolic blood pressure. The highest error percentage was calculated 8% for male and 11% for female group. Significant difference was observed between the different physical situation and arm movement changes. The relationship between time difference and age was estimated in a linear relationship with a correlation coefficient of 0.76.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  By determining linear relation values with high accuracy, BP can be measured with insignificant error. Therefore it can be suggested as a new method to measure the blood pressure continuously.
authors.affiliation: Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences (NKUMS), Bojnurd, Iran.
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Younessi Heravi
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Islamic Azad University. Mashhad branch, Iran.
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Khalilzadeh
authors.affiliation: YoungResearchers and Elite Club, Bojnourd Branch, Islamic Azad University, Bojnourd, Iran.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Joharinia
keywords: Blood Pressure monitoring; Electrocardiography; Pulse Oximetry signal