title: Peripheral refraction with eye and head rotation with contact lenses.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the impact of eye and head rotation in the measurement of peripheral refraction with an open-field autorefractometer in myopic eyes wearing two different center-distance designs of multifocal contact lenses (MFCLs).
  
  
  METHODS
  Nineteen right eyes from 19 myopic patients (average central M ± SD = -2.67 ± 1.66 D) aged 20-27 years (mean ± SD = 23.2 ± 3.3 years) were evaluated using a Grand-Seiko autorefractometer. Patients were fitted with one multifocal aspheric center-distance contact lens (Biofinity Multifocal D(®)) and with one multi-concentric MFCL (Acuvue Oasys for Presbyopia). Axial and peripheral refraction were evaluated by eye rotation and by head rotation under naked eye condition and with each MFCL fitted randomly and in independent sessions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For the naked eye, refractive pattern (M, J0 and J45) across the central 60° of the horizontal visual field values did not show significant changes measured by rotating the eye or rotating the head (p > 0.05). Similar results were obtained wearing the Biofinity D, for both testing methods, no obtaining significant differences to M, J0 and J45 values (p > 0.05). For Acuvue Oasys for presbyopia, also no differences were found when comparing measurements obtained by eye and head rotation (p > 0.05). Multivariate analysis did not showed a significant interaction between testing method and lens type neither with measuring locations (MANOVA, p > 0.05). There were significant differences in M and J0 values between naked eyes and each MFCL.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Measurements of peripheral refraction by rotating the eye or rotating the head in myopic patients wearing dominant design or multi-concentric multifocal silicone hydrogel contact lens are comparable.
authors.affiliation: Clinical and Experimental Optometry Research Laboratory (CEORLab), Center of Physics (Optometry), School of Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.
authors.forename: Daniela P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Lopes-Ferreira
authors.affiliation: Clinical and Experimental Optometry Research Laboratory (CEORLab), Center of Physics (Optometry), School of Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.
authors.forename: Helena I F
authors.initials: HI
authors.lastname: Neves
authors.affiliation: Clinical and Experimental Optometry Research Laboratory (CEORLab), Center of Physics (Optometry), School of Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.
authors.forename: Miguel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Faria-Ribeiro
authors.affiliation: Clinical and Experimental Optometry Research Laboratory (CEORLab), Center of Physics (Optometry), School of Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.
authors.forename: António
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Queirós
authors.affiliation: Clinical and Experimental Optometry Research Laboratory (CEORLab), Center of Physics (Optometry), School of Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.
authors.forename: Paulo R B
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Fernandes
authors.affiliation: Clinical and Experimental Optometry Research Laboratory (CEORLab), Center of Physics (Optometry), School of Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal. Electronic address: jgmeijome@fisica.uminho.pt.
authors.forename: José M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: González-Méijome
mesh_terms: D003261:Contact Lenses; D005133:Eye Movements; D005260:Female; D019416:Head Movements; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009216:Myopia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000534:rehabilitation; D056888:Patient Positioning / Q000379:methods*; D012029:Refraction, Ocular; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012399:Rotation; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D058609:Visual Field Tests / Q000379:methods; D014794:Visual Fields; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Eye rotation; Head rotation; Multifocal contact lens; Myopia; Peripheral refraction