title: Tn5 transposition in Escherichia coli is repressed by Hfq and activated by over-expression of the small non-coding RNA SgrS.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hfq functions in post-transcriptional gene regulation in a wide range of bacteria, usually by promoting base pairing of mRNAs with trans-encoded sRNAs. It was previously shown that Hfq down-regulates Tn10 transposition by inhibiting IS10 transposase expression at the post-transcriptional level. This provided the first example of Hfq playing a role in DNA transposition and led us to ask if a related transposon, Tn5, is similarly regulated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We show that Hfq strongly suppresses Tn5 transposition in Escherichia coli by inhibiting IS50 transposase expression. However, in contrast to the situation for Tn10, Hfq primarily inhibits IS50 transposase transcription. As Hfq does not typically function directly in transcription, we searched for a transcription factor that also down-regulated IS50 transposase transcription and is itself under Hfq control. We show that Crp (cyclic AMP receptor protein) fits these criteria as: (1) disruption of the crp gene led to an increase in IS50 transposase expression and the magnitude of this increase was comparable to that observed for an hfq disruption; and (2) Crp expression decreased in hfq (-) . We also demonstrate that IS50 transposase expression and Tn5 transposition are induced by over-expression of the sRNA SgrS and link this response to glucose limitation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Tn5 transposition is negatively regulated by Hfq primarily through inhibition of IS50 transposase transcription. Preliminary results support the possibility that this regulation is mediated through Crp. We also provide evidence that glucose limitation activates IS50 transposase transcription and transposition.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ONN6A 5C1 Canada.
authors.forename: Joseph A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Ross
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ONN6A 5C1 Canada.
authors.forename: Ryan S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Trussler
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ONN6A 5C1 Canada.
authors.forename: Morgan D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Black
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ONN6A 5C1 Canada.
authors.forename: Crystal R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: McLellan
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ONN6A 5C1 Canada.
authors.forename: David B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Haniford
keywords: Crp; DNA transposition; Hfq; SgrS; Tn5/IS50