title: Ventilatory function and cardiovascular disease risk factors: a cross-sectional study in young adults.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The association between impaired lung function and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors has been shown in adults. However, there is little evidence of such an association in young adults, particularly from South America, where the burden of CVD and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is as high as that observed in more developed countries. We therefore investigated the relation between CVD risk factors including metabolic syndrome (MS), and lung function status in young adults from Chile.
  
  
  METHODS
  970 subjects from a sample of 998 adults born between 1974 and 1978 in Limache, Chile, were studied. A Spanish translation of the European Community Respiratory Health Survey (ECRHS) questionnaire was used. Forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC) were measured. Weight, height, waist circumference (WC), blood pressure, Homeostatic model assessment (HOMA-IR), triglycerides, high density lipoprotein (HDL), glycaemia, and metabolic syndrome (MS) were also assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of MS was 11.8%. A lower FEV1 and lower FVC were associated with having MS (β-coefficient -0.13; 95% Confidence Interval [CI] -0.21 to -0.05, and β-coefficient -0.18; 95% CI -0.27 to -0.09, respectively). Both spirometric measures were also negatively associated with having an elevated HOMA-IR (β-coefficient for FEV1 -0.08; 95% CI -0.13 to -0.03, and β-coefficient for FVC -0.11; 95% CI -0.17 to -0.05). In males only, a lower FEV1 and FVC were associated with having elevated triglycerides (β-coefficient highest vs. lowest tertile -0.13, 95% CI -0.24 to -0.03, and β-coefficient -0.13, 95% CI -0.25 to -0.01, respectively). In women, a higher FEV1 and FVC were statistically significantly related to having higher levels of HDL. Ventilatory function was unrelated to hypertension or WC in this population.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this population-based study of young adults, a poorer ventilatory function was associated with many CVD risk factors. Endeavours to understand better causality issues of such associations are warranted.
authors.affiliation: Respiratory Epidemiology, Occupational Medicine, and Public Health Group, National Heart & Lung Institute Imperial College London, Emmanuel Kaye Building, Manresa Road, London SW3 6LR, UK. v.garcialarsen@imperial.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Vanessa
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Garcia-Larsen
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bustos
authors.forename: Hugo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Amigo
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Potts
authors.forename: Roberto J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Rona
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D001794:Blood Pressure; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D002677:Chile / Q000453:epidemiology; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D050171:Dyslipidemias / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005541:Forced Expiratory Volume; D006801:Humans; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000378:metabolism; D006973:Hypertension / Q000453:epidemiology*; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000378:metabolism; D009765:Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D014797:Vital Capacity; D055105:Waist Circumference; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D014280:Triglycerides