title: Hepaticogastrostomy or choledochoduodenostomy for distal malignant biliary obstruction after failed ERCP: is there any difference?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  EUS-guided biliary drainage (BD) is an evolving alternative technique for patients with malignant biliary obstruction for which ERCP failed.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To compare the outcomes of 2 nonanatomic EUS-guided BD routes: hepaticogastrostomy (HPG) and choledochoduodenostomy (CD).
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, randomized trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tertiary endoscopic referral center.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-nine patients with unresectable distal malignant biliary obstruction and failed ERCP were included. The HPG group had 25 patients and the CD group had 24 patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  EUS-guided HPG or CD. In all procedures, a biliary puncture with a 19-gauge needle followed by cholangiography, wire advancement, track dilation, and self-expandable metal stent deployment were performed.
  
  
  METHODS
  Technical and clinical success, quality of life, adverse events, and survival.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The technical success rate was 96% for HPG and 91% for CD. The clinical success rate was 91% for HPG and 77% for CD. The mean procedural time was 47.8 minutes for HPG and 48.8 minutes for CD. The mean scores of quality of life were similar during follow-up. The overall adverse event rate was 16.3% (20% for the HPG group and 12.5% for the CD group). One patient with a bile leak required percutaneous biloma drainage. There was no statistical difference between the 2 techniques and no difference with regard to survival time between the 2 groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Single-center study.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HPG and CD techniques are similar in efficacy and safety. Both HPG and CD seem valid alternative options for BD in patients with distal malignant biliary obstruction after failed ERCP.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Everson L A
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Artifon
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Fernando P
authors.initials: FP
authors.lastname: Marson
authors.affiliation: Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Monica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gaidhane
authors.affiliation: Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Michel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kahaleh
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Jose P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Otoch
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000714:Anastomosis, Surgical / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D002760:Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde; D002768:Choledochostomy / Q000009:adverse effects; D002779:Cholestasis / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D004322:Drainage / Q000379:methods; D019160:Endosonography; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006500:Hepatic Duct, Common / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D041781:Jaundice, Obstructive / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011788:Quality of Life; D000069322:Self Expandable Metallic Stents; D013270:Stomach / Q000601:surgery*; D015996:Survival Rate; D017211:Treatment Failure; D018084:Ultrasonography, Interventional