title: Aspergillus citrinoterreus, a new species of section Terrei isolated from samples of patients with nonhematological predisposing conditions.
abstract: The use of molecular identification techniques has revealed an increasing number of new species within Aspergillus section Terrei. We phenotyped a set of 26 clinical isolates that showed genetic differences from Aspergillus terreus sensu stricto by analyzing sequences from PCR-amplified β-tubulin and calmodulin genes and the internal transcribed spacer region. Since the isolates were phylogenetically and morphologically different from all of the members of Aspergillus section Terrei, they are described here as a new species, Aspergillus citrinoterreus, so named because it produces a diffusible yellowish pigment in agar. A. citrinoterreus isolates were significantly more susceptible to itraconazole, voriconazole, and posaconazole than A. terreus sensu stricto isolates were; in contrast, the amphotericin B MICs for both species were high. A. citrinoterreus was found in clinical samples from patients with proven or probable invasive aspergillosis and colonized patients, none of whom had hematological malignancies as predisposing conditions. However, they did have other underlying conditions such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cirrhosis, and cancer or had received a solid organ transplants and presented not only with invasive pulmonary aspergillosis but also with mediastinitis. A. citrinoterreus isolates were detected for the first time in 2002. In all cases of invasive aspergillosis, A. citrinoterreus was found to be a copathogen, mostly with A. fumigatus.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Gregorio Marañón, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES CB06/06/0058), Madrid, Spain Medicine Department, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain jguineaortega@yahoo.es pilar.escribano.martos@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Jesús
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7901-8355
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Guinea
authors.affiliation: Unitat de Microbiologia, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain.
authors.forename: Marcelo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sandoval-Denis
authors.affiliation: Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Gregorio Marañón, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES CB06/06/0058), Madrid, Spain jguineaortega@yahoo.es pilar.escribano.martos@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Pilar
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Escribano
authors.affiliation: Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Gregorio Marañón, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES CB06/06/0058), Madrid, Spain Medicine Department, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Teresa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Peláez
authors.affiliation: Unitat de Microbiologia, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain.
authors.forename: Josep
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Guarro
authors.affiliation: Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Gregorio Marañón, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES CB06/06/0058), Madrid, Spain Medicine Department, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Emilio
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bouza
mesh_terms: D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D001228:Aspergillosis / Q000382:microbiology*; D001230:Aspergillus / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000502:physiology; D002147:Calmodulin / Q000235:genetics; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D004271:DNA, Fungal / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D021903:DNA, Ribosomal Spacer / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010802:Phylogeny; D010860:Pigments, Biological; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D014404:Tubulin / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; D002147:Calmodulin; D004271:DNA, Fungal; D021903:DNA, Ribosomal Spacer; D010860:Pigments, Biological; D014404:Tubulin