title: Deleterious effects of benomyl and carbendazim on human placental trophoblast cells.
abstract: Benomyl and carbendazim are benzimidazole fungicides that are used throughout the world against a wide range of fungal diseases of agricultural products. There is as yet little information regarding the toxicity of benzimidazole fungicides to human placenta. In this study, we utilized human placental trophoblast cell line HTR-8/SVneo (HTR-8) to access the toxic effects of benomyl and carbendazim. Our data showed that these two fungicides decreased cell viability and the percentages of cells in G0/G1 phase, as well as induced apoptosis of HTR-8 cells. The invasion and migration of HTR-8 cells were significantly inhibited by benomyl and carbendazim. We further found that benomyl and carbendazim altered the expression of protease systems (MMPs/TIPMs and uPA/PAI-1) and adhesion molecules (integrin α5 and β1) in HTR-8 cells. Our present study firstly shows the deleterious effects of benomyl and carbendazim on placental cells and suggests a potential risk of benzimidazole fungicides to human reproduction.
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Air Pollution and Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
authors.forename: Jinghua
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Air Pollution and Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
authors.forename: Kang
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Xiong
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Air Pollution and Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
authors.forename: Ye
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Air Pollution and Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
authors.forename: Xiaoqing
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Air Pollution and Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China. Electronic address: jliue@zju.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China. Electronic address: lifx@hznu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Feixue
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D001542:Benomyl / Q000633:toxicity*; D001562:Benzimidazoles / Q000633:toxicity*; D002219:Carbamates / Q000633:toxicity*; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects; D002460:Cell Line; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D005659:Fungicides, Industrial / Q000633:toxicity*; D006801:Humans; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 / Q000235:genetics; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000235:genetics; D010920:Placenta / Q000166:cytology; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 / Q000235:genetics; D011247:Pregnancy; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D019715:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1 / Q000235:genetics; D019716:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-2 / Q000235:genetics; D014327:Trophoblasts / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D001562:Benzimidazoles; D002219:Carbamates; D005659:Fungicides, Industrial; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C051321:SERPINE1 protein, human; C560822:TIMP1 protein, human; C560823:TIMP2 protein, human; D019715:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1; D019716:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-2; C522361:MMP2 protein, human; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2; C579270:MMP9 protein, human; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9; C006698:carbendazim; D001542:Benomyl
keywords: Benomyl; Benzimidazole fungicides; Carbendazim; HTR-8 cells; Placenta; Toxicity; Trophoblast