title: Reduced ex vivo stimulated IL-6 response in infants randomized to fish oil from 9 to 18 months, especially among PPARG2 and COX2 wild types.
abstract: We investigated whether n-3 LCPUFA affected immune function in late infancy and explored effect-modification by single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and links to intestinal microbiota. Infants (n=105) were randomized to fish oil (FO, 1.2g/d n-3 LCPUFA) or sunflower oil (SO)-supplements from age 9-18 months. Immune function was assessed by ex vivo cytokine production in stimulated blood and plasma immunoglobulin E (IgE). We genotyped functional SNPs in PPARG2 and COX2 and analyzed fecal microbiota by 16S-rRNA terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism. FO compared to SO reduced Lactobacillus paracasei-stimulated IL-6 at 18 months (P=0.03, n=104). This effect was most pronounced among infants wild-type for PPARG2-Pro12Ala and/or COX2-T8473C (P<0.05). Predominant bacterial fragments were associated with 18 months IgE in all infants (P=0.004) (bp100) and with IL-6 production among infants weaned before 9 months (P=0.047) (bp102). Thus, FO reduced IL-6 in a genotype-modified manner. The microbiota was partly linked to IL-6 and IgE, not directly to FO.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark.
authors.forename: Laurine B S
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Harsløf
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark.
authors.forename: Camilla T
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Damsgaard
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark.
authors.forename: Anders D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Andersen
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark.
authors.forename: Ditte L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Aakjær
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark.
authors.forename: Kim F
authors.initials: KF
authors.lastname: Michaelsen
authors.affiliation: Department of Systems Biology, Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark.
authors.forename: Lars I
authors.initials: LI
authors.lastname: Hellgren
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark.
authors.forename: Hanne
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Frøkiær
authors.affiliation: National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Ulla
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Vogel
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark. Electronic address: ll@nexs.ku.dk.
authors.forename: Lotte
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lauritzen
mesh_terms: D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000276:immunology; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000235:genetics*; D004042:Dietary Fats, Unsaturated / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005243:Feces / Q000382:microbiology; D005260:Female; D005395:Fish Oils / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006801:Humans; D007073:Immunoglobulin E / Q000097:blood; D007223:Infant; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism*; D007422:Intestines / Q000382:microbiology; D008297:Male; D064307:Microbiota / Q000187:drug effects; D047495:PPAR gamma / Q000235:genetics*; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D000074242:Sunflower Oil
chemical_list: D004042:Dietary Fats, Unsaturated; D005395:Fish Oils; C508600:IL6 protein, human; D015850:Interleukin-6; D047495:PPAR gamma; D010938:Plant Oils; D000074242:Sunflower Oil; D007073:Immunoglobulin E; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; C496540:PTGS2 protein, human
keywords: Child nutrition; Immune maturation; Long-chain n−3 polyunsaturated fatty acids; Microbiota; Polymorphisms