title: Effector biology during biotrophic invasion of plant cells.
abstract: Several obligate biotrophic phytopathogens, namely oomycetes and fungi, invade and feed on living plant cells through specialized structures known as haustoria. Deploying an arsenal of secreted proteins called effectors, these pathogens balance their parasitic propagation by subverting plant immunity without sacrificing host cells. Such secreted proteins, which are thought to be delivered by haustoria, conceivably reprogram host cells and instigate structural modifications, in addition to the modulation of various cellular processes. As effectors represent tools to assist disease resistance breeding, this short review provides a bird's eye view on the relationship between the virulence function of effectors and their subcellular localization in host cells.
authors.affiliation: a Groupe de Recherche en Biologie Végétale; Département de Chimie, Biochimie et Physique; Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières; Trois-Rivières, QC Canada.
authors.forename: Prateek
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chaudhari
authors.forename: Bulbul
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ahmed
authors.forename: David L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Joly
authors.forename: Hugo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Germain
mesh_terms: D005658:Fungi / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions; D009868:Oomycetes; D059828:Plant Cells / Q000382:microbiology*; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000382:microbiology*; D057865:Plant Immunity; D037521:Virulence Factors / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D037521:Virulence Factors
keywords: biotrophic pathogen; effector target; haustoria; nucleolus; rust; vesicle