title: Transmission of second-hand smoke sensitivity and smoking attitude in a family.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The role of genetic factors in nicotine dependence is well understood, but no information is available on the inheritability of second-hand smoke (SHS) exposure sensitivity and their co-variance.
  
  
  METHODS
  186 adult same-gender pairs of twin (146 monozygotic, 40 dizygotic; 44±17 years±SD) completed a questionnaire.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The model showed a significant role of unshared environmental factors influencing the co-variance between smoking habit and SHS sensitivity (re=-0.191, 95% CI, -0.316 to -0.056, or the total phenotypic correlation of rph=-0.406, p<0.001) without evidence for genetic covariation. Age, gender and country-adjusted analysis indicated 51.5% heritability for smoking habit (95% confidence interval/CI/, 6.2 to 89.8%), 49.7% for SHS sensitivity (95%CI, 19.1-72.0%), 35.5% for general opinions on SHS exposure in restaurants/cafés (95%CI, 10.7-58.6%), and 16.9% in pubs/bars (95%CI, 0.0-49.0%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The co-variance between SHS sensitivity and smoking habits is driven mainly by the unshared environment. SHS sensitivity is moderately inheritable. The considerable influence of environmental factors on general opinions on SHS exposure in designated indoor public venues emphasizes the importance of smoking bans and health behaviour interventions at the individual level in developing an anti-smoking attitude.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Oncotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
authors.forename: David Laszlo
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Tarnoki
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Oncotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
authors.forename: Adam Domonkos
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Tarnoki
authors.affiliation: Central European University, Budapest, Hungary.
authors.forename: Levente
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Littvay
authors.affiliation: Department of Pulmonology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
authors.forename: Zsofia
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Lazar
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Oncotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
authors.forename: Kinga
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Karlinger
authors.affiliation: Research Group for Inflammation Biology and Immunogenomics of Hungarian Academy of Sciences and Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Cardiology, Military Hospital, Budapest, Hungary.
authors.forename: Andrea Agnes
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Molnar
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics, Cell and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
authors.forename: Dora
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Melicher
authors.affiliation: The Methodist Hospital, DeBakey Heart and Vascular Center, Houston, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Zsolt
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Garami
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Oncotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
authors.forename: Viktor
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Berczi
authors.affiliation: Department of Pulmonology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
authors.forename: Ildiko
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Horvath
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016902:Air Pollution, Indoor / Q000009:adverse effects*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006814:Hungary; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000523:psychology; D012931:Social Environment; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D014427:Twins / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution