title: Potential-induced electronic structure changes in supercapacitor electrodes observed by in operando soft X-ray spectroscopy.
abstract: The dynamic physiochemical response of a functioning graphene-based aerogel supercapacitor is monitored in operando by soft X-ray spectroscopy and interpreted through ab initio atomistic simulations. Unanticipated changes in the electronic structure of the electrode as a function of applied voltage bias indicate structural modifications across multiple length scales via independent pseudocapacitive and electric double layer charge storage channels.
authors.affiliation: Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California, 94550, USA.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bagge-Hansen
authors.forename: Brandon C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Wood
authors.forename: Tadashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ogitsu
authors.forename: Trevor M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Willey
authors.forename: Ich C
authors.initials: IC
authors.lastname: Tran
authors.forename: Arne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wittstock
authors.forename: Monika M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Biener
authors.forename: Matthew D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Merrill
authors.forename: Marcus A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Worsley
authors.forename: Minoru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Otani
authors.forename: Cheng-Hao
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Chuang
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Prendergast
authors.forename: Jinghua
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Theodore F
authors.initials: TF
authors.lastname: Baumann
authors.forename: Tony
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: van Buuren
authors.forename: Jürgen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Biener
authors.forename: Jonathan R I
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Lee
keywords: ab initio simulation; carbon aerogel electrodes; electronic structure; in operando X-ray spectroscopy; supercapacitors