title: A mixed methods study of the work patterns of full-time nurse practitioners in nursing homes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to explore the integration of the nurse practitioner role in Canadian nursing homes to enable its full potential to be realised for resident and family care. The objective was to determine nurse practitioners' patterns of work activities.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Nurse practitioners were introduced in Canadian nursing homes a decade ago on a pilot basis. In recent years, government and nursing home sector interest in the role has grown along with the need for data to inform planning efforts.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study used a sequential mixed methods design using a national survey followed by case studies.
  
  
  METHODS
  A national survey of nurse practitioners included demographic items and the EverCare Nurse Practitioner Role and Activity Scale. Following the survey, case studies were conducted in four nursing homes. Data were collected using individual and focus group interviews, document reviews and field notes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-three of a target population of 26 nurse practitioners responded to the survey, two-thirds of whom provided services in nursing homes with one site and the remainder in nursing homes with as many as four sites. On average, nurse practitioners performed activities in communicator, clinician, care manager/coordinator and coach/educator subscales at least three to four times per week and activities in the collaborator subscale once a week. Of the 43 activities, nurse practitioners performed daily, most were in the clinician and communicator subscales. Case study interviews involved 150 participants. Findings complemented those of the survey and identified additional leadership activities.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Nurse practitioners undertake a range of primary health care and advanced practice activities which they adapt to meet the unique needs of nursing homes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Knowledge of work patterns enables nursing homes to implement the full range of nurse practitioner roles and activities to enhance resident and family care.
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada; Canadian Centre for Advanced Practice Nursing Research, School of Nursing, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: Ruth
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Martin-Misener
authors.forename: Faith
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Donald
authors.forename: Abigail
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wickson-Griffiths
authors.forename: Noori
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Akhtar-Danesh
authors.forename: Jenny
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ploeg
authors.forename: Kevin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Brazil
authors.forename: Sharon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kaasalainen
authors.forename: Carrie
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: McAiney
authors.forename: Nancy
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Carter
authors.forename: Lori
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Schindel Martin
authors.forename: Esther
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sangster-Gormley
authors.forename: Alan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Taniguchi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002170:Canada; D004651:Employment; D005260:Female; D006301:Health Services Needs and Demand; D006801:Humans; D007857:Leadership; D008875:Middle Aged; D009722:Nurse Practitioners; D024802:Nurse's Role; D009735:Nursing Homes; D057184:Practice Patterns, Nurses'; D016526:Workload
keywords: leadership; long-term care; nurse practitioner; nursing home; work patterns