title: Interposition bone block arthrodesis for revision hallux metatarsophalangeal joint surgery: a case series.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The operative management of failed hallux metatarsophalangeal joint surgery can be difficult. There is often substantial shortening of the first ray. Arthrodesis of the first metatarsophalangeal joint is one treatment option, but results in further shortening of the first ray.
  
  
  METHODS
  We present a large retrospective series of patients who had an interposition bone block arthrodesis procedure performed using a nonvascularized tricortical autologous iliac crest bone graft in an attempt to maintain first ray length. Twenty-four patients (25 feet) underwent this salvage procedure over a 10-year period. The mean follow-up period was 62 (range, 11-117) months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Indications included failed hallux valgus surgery, Keller's procedures, various other first metatarsal osteotomies, and failed arthrodesis procedures with shortening of the first ray. All patients had tricortical iliac crest grafts inserted into bony defects of mean length 10.7 (range, 8-15) mm. Fixation was achieved using either multiple wires or a low-profile plate. Mean lengthening was 4.4 (range, 0-8) mm. Three feet went on to nonunion requiring further revision surgery and at latest follow-up 2 had united. All patients underwent removal of a stabilizing Kirschner wire. Median patient-reported outcome score using the Foot and Ankle Disability Index was 84.6 (range, 37.5-97.1).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest this procedure was successful in salvaging failed first ray surgery and prevented further shortening. We believe good results can be achieved, but care must be taken to ensure wound closure without excessive tension to permit wound healing.
  
  
  METHODS
  Level IV, retrospective case series.
authors.affiliation: Bradford Royal Infirmary, Bradford, UK karan@doctors.org.uk.
authors.forename: Karan
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Malhotra
authors.affiliation: Sheffield Children's Hospital, Sheffield, UK.
authors.forename: Tim
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nunn
authors.affiliation: Bradford Royal Infirmary, Bradford, UK.
authors.forename: Faisal
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Qamar
authors.affiliation: Bradford Royal Infirmary, Bradford, UK.
authors.forename: Vadlamani
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Rao
authors.affiliation: Bradford Royal Infirmary, Bradford, UK.
authors.forename: Jai
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shanker
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001174:Arthrodesis / Q000379:methods*; D064592:Autografts; D001864:Bone Wires; D020878:Device Removal; D005260:Female; D006214:Hallux / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007085:Ilium / Q000637:transplantation*; D008297:Male; D037061:Metatarsalgia / Q000601:surgery; D008683:Metatarsophalangeal Joint / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011859:Radiography; D012086:Reoperation / Q000379:methods; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: arthrodesis; bone block; metatarsophalangeal joint; transfer metatarsalgia