title: Action Unit Models of Facial Expression of Emotion in the Presence of Speech.
abstract: Automatic recognition of emotion using facial expressions in the presence of speech poses a unique challenge because talking reveals clues for the affective state of the speaker but distorts the canonical expression of emotion on the face. We introduce a corpus of acted emotion expression where speech is either present (talking) or absent (silent). The corpus is uniquely suited for analysis of the interplay between the two conditions. We use a multimodal decision level fusion classifier to combine models of emotion from talking and silent faces as well as from audio to recognize five basic emotions: anger, disgust, fear, happy and sad. Our results strongly indicate that emotion prediction in the presence of speech from action unit facial features is less accurate when the person is talking. Modeling talking and silent expressions separately and fusing the two models greatly improves accuracy of prediction in the talking setting. The advantages are most pronounced when silent and talking face models are fused with predictions from audio features. In this multi-modal prediction both the combination of modalities and the separate models of talking and silent facial expression of emotion contribute to the improvement.
authors.affiliation: Section of Biomedical Image Analysis, Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104, United States.
authors.forename: Miraj
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.affiliation: Section of Biomedical Image Analysis, Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104, United States.
authors.forename: David G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Cooper
authors.affiliation: Section of Biomedical Image Analysis, Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104, United States.
authors.forename: Houwei
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104, United States.
authors.forename: Ruben C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Gur
authors.affiliation: Department of Computer & Information Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104, United States.
authors.forename: Ani
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nenkova
authors.affiliation: Section of Biomedical Image Analysis, Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104, United States.
authors.forename: Ragini
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Verma
keywords: emotion; face; multimodal; silent; talking; voice