title: Intake of cooked tomato sauce preserves coronary endothelial function and improves apolipoprotein A-I and apolipoprotein J protein profile in high-density lipoproteins.
abstract: Intake of tomatoes has been linked with healthy diets (eg, Mediterranean diet). However, it remains unknown whether tomato intake exerts protective effects on the vasculature. The aim of this study was to determine whether medium-term supplementation with cooked tomato sauce (CTS) Mediterranean style (sofrito) attenuates diet-induced coronary endothelial dysfunction in an animal model with clinical impact and explore the mechanisms behind the effects. Pigs (N = 18) were fed a 10-day hypercholesterolemic diet. Half of the animals were given a supplement of 100 g/d of CTS (21.5 mg lycopene per day). Coronary responses to escalating doses of vasoactive drugs (acetylcholine, calcium ionophore, and sodium nitroprusside) and L-NG-monomethylarginine (endothelial nitric oxide synthase [eNOS] inhibitor) were measured using flow Doppler. In the coronary arteries, we investigated eNOS gene expression and activation, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) expression, and oxidative DNA damage. In the circulation, we investigated lipoprotein resistance to oxidation and the differential proteomic protein profile. In dyslipidemic animals, CTS intake prevented diet-induced impairment of receptor-operated and nonreceptor-operated endothelial-dependent coronary vasodilation. These beneficial effects were associated with enhanced eNOS transcription and activation and diminished DNA damage in the coronary arteries. CTS-fed animals showed lower lipid peroxidation, higher high-density lipoprotein (HDL) antioxidant potential and plasma lycopene levels of 0.16 mg/L. Interestingly, improved HDL functionality was associated with protein profile changes in apolipoprotein A-I and apolipoprotein J. Lipids levels and MCP-1 expression were not affected by CTS. We report that CTS intake protects against low-density lipoprotein-induced coronary endothelial dysfunction by reducing oxidative damage, enhancing eNOS expression and activity, and improving HDL functionality.
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Research Center, CSIC-ICCC, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Gemma
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Vilahur
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Research Center, CSIC-ICCC, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Judit
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cubedo
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Research Center, CSIC-ICCC, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Teresa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Padró
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Research Center, CSIC-ICCC, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Casaní
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Research Center, CSIC-ICCC, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Guiomar
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mendieta
authors.affiliation: Nutrition and Health Unit, Gallina Blanca Star, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Alicia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: González
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Research Center, CSIC-ICCC, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Cardiovascular Research Chair, UAB, Barcelona, Spain. Electronic address: smorato@csic-iccc.org.
authors.forename: Lina
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Badimon
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016632:Apolipoprotein A-I / Q000097:blood*; D002791:Cholesterol, Dietary / Q000008:administration & dosage; D051152:Clusterin / Q000097:blood*; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000517:prevention & control; D003331:Coronary Vessels / Q000502:physiology*; D004249:DNA Damage; D038441:Diet, Mediterranean; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008075:Lipoproteins, HDL / Q000097:blood*; D018551:Solanum lycopersicum; D023421:Models, Animal; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D034421:Sus scrofa; D057170:Translational Research, Biomedical
chemical_list: D016632:Apolipoprotein A-I; D002791:Cholesterol, Dietary; D051152:Clusterin; D008075:Lipoproteins, HDL; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III