title: Advanced 3D-Sonographic Imaging as a Precise Technique to Evaluate Tumor Volume.
abstract: Determination of tumor volume in subcutaneously inoculated xenograft models is a standard procedure for clinical and preclinical evaluation of tumor response to treatment. Practitioners frequently use a hands-on caliper method in conjunction with a simplified formula to assess tumor volume. Non-invasive and more precise techniques as investigation by MR or (μ)CT exist but come with various adverse effects in terms of radiation, complex setup or elevated cost of investigations. Therefore, we propose an advanced three-dimensional sonographic imaging technique to determine small tumor volumes in xenografts with high precision and minimized observer variability. We present a study on xenograft carcinoma tumors from which volumes and shapes were calculated with the standard caliper method as well as with a clinically available three-dimensional ultrasound scanner and subsequent processing software. Statistical analysis reveals the suitability of this non-invasive approach for the purpose of a quick and precise calculation of tumor volume in small rodents.
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt/Main, Germany.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pflanzer
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt/Main, Germany. Electronic address: Matthias.Hofmann@em.uni-frankfurt.de.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hofmann
authors.affiliation: Institute for Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Goethe University, 60439 Frankfurt/Main, Germany.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shelke
authors.affiliation: Institute for Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Goethe University, 60439 Frankfurt/Main, Germany.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Habib
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt/Main, Germany.
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Derwich
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt/Main, Germany.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Schmitz-Rixen
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt/Main, Germany.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bernd
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt/Main, Germany.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kaufmann
authors.affiliation: Institute for Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Goethe University, 60439 Frankfurt/Main, Germany.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bereiter-Hahn