title: Injuries related to off-road vehicles in Canada.
abstract: Off-road vehicles (ORVs; this includes snowmobiles, all-terrain vehicles or ATVs and dirt bikes) were once used primarily for work and travel. Such use remains common in Canada, although their recreational use has also gained popularity in recent years. An epidemiological injury profile of ORV users is important for better understanding injuries and their risk factors to help inform injury prevention initiatives. The Traffic Injury Research Foundation (TIRF) partnered with the Public Health Agency of Canada (PHAC) to analyze the epidemiology of ORV-related injuries. The primary aim was to assess crashes and injuries in Canada, including the extent of alcohol involvement. Secondly, the burden of injury among children and teen ORV drivers in Canada, as well as passengers, was investigated. Descriptive and inferential epidemiological statistics were generated using the following data sources: first, TIRF's National Fatality Database, which is a comprehensive, pan-Canadian, set of core data on all fatal motor vehicle crashes; second, TIRF's Serious Injury Database, which contains information on persons seriously injured in crashes; and, third, PHAC's Canadian Hospitals Injury Reporting and Prevention Program (CHIRPP), a surveillance system currently operating in the emergency departments of some pediatric and general hospitals across Canada. Exposure data have been used in the analyzes where available. Between 1990 and 2010, fatality rates increased among ATV and dirt bike operators. The fatality rate among snowmobilers declined during this period. Of particular concern, among fatally injured female ATV users, children aged 0-15 years comprised the highest proportion of any age group at 33.8%. Regarding alcohol use, among fatally injured snowmobile and ATV/dirt bike operators tested for alcohol, 66% and 55% tested positive, respectively. Alcohol involvement in adult ORV crashes remains an important factor. In light of the growing popularity of ORVs, prevention and mitigation measures are required to address this issue.
authors.affiliation: Traffic Injury Research Foundation, 171 Nepean Street, Ottawa, ON K2P 0B4, Canada. Electronic address: wardv@tirf.ca.
authors.forename: Ward
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Vanlaar
authors.affiliation: Traffic Injury Research Foundation, 171 Nepean Street, Ottawa, ON K2P 0B4, Canada.
authors.forename: Heather
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: McAteer
authors.affiliation: Traffic Injury Research Foundation, 171 Nepean Street, Ottawa, ON K2P 0B4, Canada.
authors.forename: Steve
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.affiliation: The Public Health Agency of Canada, Injury Section, Centre for Chronic Disease Prevention, 785 Carling Avenue, 7th Floor, AL 6807B, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9, Canada.
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Crain
authors.affiliation: The Public Health Agency of Canada, Injury Section, Centre for Chronic Disease Prevention, 785 Carling Avenue, 7th Floor, AL 6807B, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9, Canada.
authors.forename: Steven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: McFaull
authors.affiliation: Traffic Injury Research Foundation, 171 Nepean Street, Ottawa, ON K2P 0B4, Canada.
authors.forename: Marisela Mainegra
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Hing
mesh_terms: D000063:Accidents, Traffic / Q000401:mortality* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002170:Canada / Q000453:epidemiology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D016208:Databases, Factual; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015541:Off-Road Motor Vehicles / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011998:Recreation; D012307:Risk Factors; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology*
keywords: ATVs; All- terrain vehicles; Dirt bikes; ORVs; Off-road vehicles; Snowmobiles