title: Angiotensin-I converting enzyme inhibitory peptides from antihypertensive skate (Okamejei kenojei) skin gelatin hydrolysate in spontaneously hypertensive rats.
abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate antihypertensive effect of bioactive peptides from skate (Okamejei kenojei) skin gelatin. The Alcalase/protease gelatin hydrolysate below 1 kDa (SAP) exhibited the highest angiotensin-I converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition compared to other hydrolysates. SAP can decrease systolic blood pressure significantly in spontaneously hypertensive rats. SAP inhibited vasoconstriction via PPAR-γ expression, activation and phosphorylation of eNOS in lungs. Moreover, the expression levels of endothelin-1, RhoA, α-smooth muscle actin, cleaved caspase 3 and MAPK were decreased by SAP in lungs. Vascularity, muscularization and cellular proliferation in lungs were detected by immunohistochemical staining. Finally, two purified peptides (LGPLGHQ, 720Da and MVGSAPGVL, 829Da) showed potent ACE inhibition with IC50 values of 4.22 and 3.09 μM, respectively. These results indicate that bioactive peptides isolated from skate skin gelatin may serve as candidates against hypertension and could be used as functional food ingredients.
authors.affiliation: Marine Bioprocess Research Center, Pukyong National University, Busan 608-739, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Dai-Hung
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Ngo
authors.affiliation: Marine Bioprocess Research Center, Pukyong National University, Busan 608-739, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Kyong-Hwa
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
authors.forename: BoMi
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ryu
authors.affiliation: Marine Bioprocess Research Center, Pukyong National University, Busan 608-739, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Thanh-Sang
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Vo
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, and Center for Marine-integrated Biomedical Technology (BK 21 Plus), Pukyong National University, Busan 608-737, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Won-Kyo
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Marine Bioscience and Technology, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 210-720, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hee-Guk
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Byun
authors.affiliation: Marine Bioprocess Research Center, Pukyong National University, Busan 608-739, Republic of Korea; Department of Marine-Bio Convergence Science, Specialized Graduate School Science and Technology Convergence, Pukyong National University, Busan 608-739, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: sknkim@pknu.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Se-Kwon
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D000818:Animals; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D029941:Fish Proteins / Q000737:chemistry*; D005780:Gelatin / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D006868:Hydrolysis; D006973:Hypertension / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000201:enzymology; D008297:Male; D010455:Peptides / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D011918:Rats, Inbred SHR; D012860:Skates, Fish; D012867:Skin / Q000737:chemistry*; D013381:Subtilisins / Q000737:chemistry; D014661:Vasoconstriction / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D029941:Fish Proteins; D010455:Peptides; D005780:Gelatin; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A; D013381:Subtilisins
keywords: Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition; Antihypertension; PPAR-γ-eNOS; Skate peptides; Spontaneously hypertensive rats