title: Wilderness Medical Society practice guidelines for the use of epinephrine in outdoor education and wilderness settings: 2014 update.
abstract: The Epinephrine Roundtable took place on July 27, 2008, during the 25th Annual Meeting of the Wilderness Medical Society (WMS) in Snowmass, CO. The WMS convened this roundtable to explore areas of consensus and uncertainty in the field treatment of anaphylaxis. Panelists were selected on the basis of their relevant academic or professional experience. There is a paucity of data that address the treatment of anaphylaxis in the wilderness. Anaphylaxis is a rare disease, with a sudden onset and drastic course that does not lend itself to study in randomized, controlled trials. Therefore, the panel endorsed the following position based on the limited available evidence and review of published articles, as well as expert consensus. The position represents the consensus of the panelists and is endorsed by the WMS. In 2014, the authors reviewed relevant articles published since the Epinephrine Roundtable. The following is an updated version of the original guidelines published in Wilderness & Environmental Medicine 2010;21(4):185-187.
authors.affiliation: Division of Emergency Medicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY (Dr Gaudio). Electronic address: flg9002@med.cornell.edu.
authors.forename: Flavio G
authors.initials: FG
authors.lastname: Gaudio
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO (Dr Lemery).
authors.forename: Jay
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lemery
authors.affiliation: Wilderness Medical Associates International, Portland, ME (Dr Johnson).
authors.forename: David E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Johnson
mesh_terms: D000707:Anaphylaxis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D001993:Bronchodilator Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D002983:Clinical Competence; D004837:Epinephrine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians'; D012955:Societies, Medical; D055813:Wilderness Medicine / Q000193:education / Q000592:standards
chemical_list: D001993:Bronchodilator Agents; D004837:Epinephrine