title: A combination of exercise and capsinoid supplementation additively suppresses diet-induced obesity by increasing energy expenditure in mice.
abstract: Exercise effectively prevents the development of obesity and obesity-related diseases such as type 2 diabetes. Capsinoids (CSNs) are capsaicin analogs found in a nonpungent pepper that increase whole body energy expenditure. Although both exercise and CSNs have antiobesity functions, the effectiveness of exercise with CSN supplementation has not yet been investigated. Here, we examined whether the beneficial effects of exercise could be further enhanced by CSN supplementation in mice. Mice were randomly assigned to four groups: 1) high-fat diet (HFD, Control), 2) HFD containing 0.3% CSNs, 3) HFD with voluntary running wheel exercise (Exercise), and 4) HFD containing 0.3% CSNs with voluntary running wheel exercise (Exercise + CSN). After 8 wk of ingestion, blood and tissues were collected and analyzed. Although CSNs significantly suppressed body weight gain under the HFD, CSN supplementation with exercise additively decreased body weight gain and fat accumulation and increased whole body energy expenditure compared with exercise alone. Exercise together with CSN supplementation robustly improved metabolic profiles, including the plasma cholesterol level. Furthermore, this combination significantly prevented diet-induced liver steatosis and decreased the size of adipocyte cells in white adipose tissue. Exercise and CSNs significantly increased cAMP levels and PKA activity in brown adipose tissue (BAT), indicating an increase of lipolysis. Moreover, they significantly activated both the oxidative phosphorylation gene program and fatty acid oxidation in skeletal muscle. These results indicate that CSNs efficiently promote the antiobesity effect of exercise, in part by increasing energy expenditure via the activation of fat oxidation in skeletal muscle and lipolysis in BAT.
authors.affiliation: Frontier Research Laboratories, Institute for Innovation, Ajinomoto Company, Incorporated, Suzuki-cho Kawasaki-ku, Kanagawa, Japan; and University of California, San Francisco Diabetes Center and Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, California.
authors.forename: Kana
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ohyama
authors.affiliation: Frontier Research Laboratories, Institute for Innovation, Ajinomoto Company, Incorporated, Suzuki-cho Kawasaki-ku, Kanagawa, Japan; and.
authors.forename: Yoshihito
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nogusa
authors.affiliation: Frontier Research Laboratories, Institute for Innovation, Ajinomoto Company, Incorporated, Suzuki-cho Kawasaki-ku, Kanagawa, Japan; and.
authors.forename: Katsuya
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.affiliation: University of California, San Francisco Diabetes Center and Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, California.
authors.forename: Kosaku
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shinoda
authors.affiliation: University of California, San Francisco Diabetes Center and Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, California.
authors.forename: Shingo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kajimura
authors.affiliation: Frontier Research Laboratories, Institute for Innovation, Ajinomoto Company, Incorporated, Suzuki-cho Kawasaki-ku, Kanagawa, Japan; and makoto_bannai@ajinomoto.com.
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bannai
mesh_terms: D002001:Adipose Tissue, Brown / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D052436:Adipose Tissue, White / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D050154:Adiposity; D000818:Animals; D019440:Anti-Obesity Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000924:Anticholesteremic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001522:Behavior, Animal; D002211:Capsaicin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D059305:Diet, High-Fat / Q000009:adverse effects; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified / Q000378:metabolism; D008066:Lipolysis; D008297:Male; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009043:Motor Activity; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000378:metabolism; D009765:Obesity / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D010085:Oxidative Phosphorylation; D011897:Random Allocation; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D019440:Anti-Obesity Agents; D000924:Anticholesteremic Agents; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; D002211:Capsaicin
keywords: capsinoids; energy expenditure; exercise; fat oxidation; obesity