title: Polymer nanotechnology based approaches in mucosal vaccine delivery: challenges and opportunities.
abstract: Mucosal sites serve as the main portal for the entry of pathogens and thus immunization through mucosal routes can greatly improve the immunity. Researchers are continuously exploring the vaccination strategies to engender protective mucosal immune responses. Unearthing of mucosal adjuvants, that are safe and effective, is enhancing the magnitude and quality of the protective immune response. Use of nanotechnology based polymeric nanocarrier systems which encapsulate vaccine components for protection of sensitive payload, incorporate mucosal adjuvants to maximize the immune responses and target the mucosal immune system is a key strategy to improve the effectiveness of mucosal vaccines. These advances promise to accelerate the development and testing of new mucosal vaccines against many human diseases. This review focuses on the need for the development of nanocarrier based mucosal vaccines with emphases on the polymeric nanoparticles, their clinical status and future perspectives. This review focuses on the need and new insights for the development of nanoarchitecture governed mucosal vaccination with emphases on the various polymeric nanoparticles, their clinical status and future perspectives.
authors.affiliation: Drug Delivery Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. H. S. Gour Vishwavidyalaya, Sagar, M.P. 470003 India. Electronic address: rajeevs472@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Rajeev
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.affiliation: Drug Delivery Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. H. S. Gour Vishwavidyalaya, Sagar, M.P. 470003 India. Electronic address: uditaagrawal.pharma@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Udita
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Agrawal
authors.affiliation: Drug Delivery Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. H. S. Gour Vishwavidyalaya, Sagar, M.P. 470003 India. Electronic address: nishimody@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Nishi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mody
authors.affiliation: Drug Delivery Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. H. S. Gour Vishwavidyalaya, Sagar, M.P. 470003 India. Electronic address: spvyas54@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Suresh P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Vyas
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000494:pharmacology; D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems / Q000379:methods*; D018928:Immunity, Mucosal; D009092:Mucous Membrane / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry; D036103:Nanotechnology / Q000379:methods*; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry*; D014612:Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D011108:Polymers; D014612:Vaccines
keywords: Antigen; Mucosal delivery; Mucosal immunization; Nanoparticles; Polymers