title: Particle-based optical sensing of intracellular ions at the example of calcium - what are the experimental pitfalls?
abstract: Colloidal particles with fluorescence read-out are commonly used as sensors for the quantitative determination of ions. Calcium, for example, is a biologically highly relevant ion in signaling, and thus knowledge of its spatio-temporal distribution inside cells would offer important experimental data. However, the use of particle-based intracellular sensors for ion detection is not straightforward. Important associated problems involve delivery and intracellular location of particle-based fluorophores, crosstalk of the fluorescence read-out with pH, and spectral overlap of the emission spectra of different fluorophores. These potential problems are outlined and discussed here with selected experimental examples. Potential solutions are discussed and form a guideline for particle-based intracellular imaging of ions.
authors.affiliation: Fachbereich Physik, Philipps- Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Karsten
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kantner
authors.forename: Sumaira
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ashraf
authors.forename: Susana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Carregal-Romero
authors.forename: Carolina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Carrillo-Carrion
authors.forename: Mayeul
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Collot
authors.forename: Pablo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Del Pino
authors.forename: Wolfram
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Heimbrodt
authors.forename: Dorleta Jimenez
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: De Aberasturi
authors.forename: Uwe
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Kaiser
authors.forename: Lyubov I
authors.initials: LI
authors.lastname: Kazakova
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lelle
authors.forename: Natalia Martinez
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: de Baroja
authors.forename: Jose Maria
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Montenegro
authors.forename: Moritz
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nazarenus
authors.forename: Beatriz
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Pelaz
authors.forename: Kalina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Peneva
authors.forename: Pilar Rivera
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Gil
authors.forename: Nadeem
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sabir
authors.forename: Lorenz Maximilian
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Schneider
authors.forename: Lyudmila I
authors.initials: LI
authors.lastname: Shabarchina
authors.forename: Gleb B
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Sukhorukov
authors.forename: Margarita
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vazquez
authors.forename: Fang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Wolfgang J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Parak
mesh_terms: D048588:Benzoxazines / Q000737:chemistry; D015374:Biosensing Techniques; D002118:Calcium / Q000737:chemistry*; D004705:Endocytosis; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes / Q000737:chemistry; D006046:Gold / Q000737:chemistry; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007477:Ions; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D036103:Nanotechnology / Q000379:methods*; D055095:Optics and Photonics; D010316:Particle Size; D010455:Peptides / Q000737:chemistry; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D048588:Benzoxazines; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D007477:Ions; D010455:Peptides; D011108:Polymers; C028911:cresyl violet; D006046:Gold; D002118:Calcium
keywords: gold nanoparticles; intracellular ions; microcapsules; optical sensing; quantum dots