title: Systematic review of complementary and alternative medicine treatments in inflammatory bowel diseases.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We performed a systematic review for Complementary and Alternative Medicine [CAM] as defined by the National Institute of Health in Inflammatory Bowel Disease [IBD], ie Crohn's disease [CD] and ulcerative colitis [UC], with the exception of dietary and nutritional supplements, and manipulative therapies.
  
  
  METHODS
  A computerized search of databases [Cochrane Library, Pubmed/Medline, PsychINFO, and Scopus] through March 2014 was performed. We screened the reference sections of original studies and systematic reviews in English language for CAM in IBD, CD and UC. Randomized controlled trials [RCT] and controlled trials [CT] were referred and assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias tool.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of: 26 RCT and 3 CT for herbal medicine, eg aloe-vera gel, andrographis paniculata, artemisia absinthium, barley foodstuff, boswellia serrata, cannabis, curcumin, evening primrose oil, Myrrhinil intest®, plantago ovata, silymarin, sophora, tormentil, wheatgrass-juice and wormwood; 1 RCT for trichuris suis ovata; 7 RCT for mind/body interventions such as lifestyle modification, hypnotherapy, relaxation training and mindfulness; and 2 RCT in acupuncture; were found. Risk of bias was quite heterogeneous. Best evidence was found for herbal therapy, ie plantago ovata and curcumin in UC maintenance therapy, wormwood in CD, mind/body therapy and self-intervention in UC, and acupuncture in UC and CD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Complementary and alternative therapies might be effective for the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases; however, given the low number of trials and the heterogeneous methodological quality of trials, further in-depth research is necessary.
authors.affiliation: Department of Integrative Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany Department of Internal and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany jost.langhorst@gmx.de.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Langhorst
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wulfert
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine[], Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Australia.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lauche
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Klose
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine[], Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Australia.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Cramer
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany.
authors.forename: G J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Dobos
authors.affiliation: Department of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Korzenik
mesh_terms: D000529:Complementary Therapies / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D015212:Inflammatory Bowel Diseases / Q000628:therapy*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: CAM; Crohn’s disease; Ulcerative colitis; complementary and alternative medicine; review