title: Exaggerating psychopathology produces residual effects that are resistant to corrective feedback: an experimental demonstration.
abstract: We explored the effects of feedback on symptom reporting. Two experimental groups (n=15 each) were given a scenario with the option to exaggerate symptoms. Compared with a control condition (n=15), both groups scored significantly higher on the Structured Inventory of Malingered Symptomatology. Next, one group was confronted in a sympathetic way about their symptom validity test failure, whereas the other group was confronted in a neutral manner. Both groups subsequently completed the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI). BSI scores of both feedback groups remained significantly higher than those of control participants. Participants who had been provided with sympathetic feedback or neutral feedback did not differ in their BSI scores. Even participants who indicated during the exit interview that they had given up symptom exaggeration attained significantly higher BSI scores than those of controls, indicating that exaggeration has residual effects that are resistant to corrective feedback. We discuss cognitive dissonance as a model for understanding the residual effects of symptom exaggeration.
authors.affiliation: a Forensic Psychology Section , Maastricht University , Maastricht , The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Harald
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Merckelbach
authors.forename: Brechje
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Dandachi-FitzGerald
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: van Mulken
authors.forename: Rudolf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ponds
authors.forename: Elly
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Niesten
mesh_terms: D030141:Feedback, Psychological; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008306:Malingering / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D063189:Symptom Assessment; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: cognitive dissonance; feedback; psychopathology; residual effects; symptom validity