title: Effects of cigarette smoking on early arthritis: a cross-sectional study-data from the Argentine Consortium for Early Arthritis (CONAART).
abstract: Our objective was to analyze the effects of cigarette smoking on disease activity, functional capacity, radiographic damage, serology and presence of extraarticular manifestations in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and undifferentiated arthritis. This is a cross-sectional study of 1,305 patients (729 with rheumatoid arthritis and 576 with undifferentiated arthritis) from CONAART, the Argentine Consortium for Early Arthritis that includes patients older than 16 years with <2 years of disease. Sociodemographic data, clinical characteristics of the disease and smoking history were collected. In patients with rheumatoid arthritis the disease activity score of 28 joints was 5.4 ± 1.3 in current smokers, 5.2 ± 1.4 in former smokers and 5.1 ± 1.4 in never smokers (p = 0.011). The simple erosion narrowing score was higher in current smokers and former smokers than in never smokers (M 14.0, R Q 6.0-21.0; M 15.0, R Q 7.0-24.0; M 10.0, R Q 5.0-17.0; p = 0.006). Current smokers had higher rheumatoid factor titer (M 160.0, R Q 80.0-341.0) than former smokers (M 146.8, R Q 6.03-255.5) and never smokers (M 15.0, R Q 9.0-80.0) (p = 0.004). The variable independently associated with tobacco exposure was simple erosion narrowing score (OR = 1.03, 95 % CI 1.00-1.05; p = 0.012). In patients with undifferentiated arthritis, an association between smoking status and parameters of activity or radiographic damage was not observed. Neither was tobacco exposure related to the presence of extraarticular manifestations or to the degree of disability in any of the two groups of patients. No relation was found between disease activity and severity, and number of packs smoked per year. Tobacco.
authors.affiliation: Hospital Privado Centro Médico de Córdoba SA, Naciones Unidas 346-B° Parque Vélez Sarsfield, X5016KEH, Córdoba, Argentina, hayesalinas@gmail.com.
authors.forename: María Jezabel
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Haye Salinas
authors.forename: Soledad
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Retamozo
authors.forename: Ana Cecilia
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Alvarez
authors.forename: Hernán
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Maldonado Ficco
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Dal Pra
authors.forename: Gustavo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Citera
authors.forename: Mariana
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Benegas
authors.forename: Rafael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Chaparro del Moral
authors.forename: Oscar
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Rillo
authors.forename: Anastasia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Secco
authors.forename: Lucila
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Marino Claverie
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Catalan Pellet
authors.forename: Josefina
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Marcos
authors.forename: Mercedes Argentina
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: García
authors.forename: Juan Carlos
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Marcos
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Barbaglia
authors.forename: Verónica
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Bellomio
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Berman
authors.forename: Cristian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Quiroz
authors.forename: Enrique R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Soriano
authors.forename: Federico
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ceccato
authors.forename: Sergio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Paira
authors.forename: Doralia
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Vazquez
authors.forename: Vicente Ricardo
authors.initials: VR
authors.lastname: Juarez
authors.forename: Edson Javier
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Velozo
authors.forename: Gabriela
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Salvatierra
authors.forename: Francisco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Caeiro
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D001118:Argentina / Q000453:epidemiology; D001168:Arthritis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000276:immunology; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000276:immunology; D001799:Blood Sedimentation; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000276:immunology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D033023:Foot Joints / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D050823:Hand Joints / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011859:Radiography; D012217:Rheumatoid Factor / Q000276:immunology; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012737:Sex Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D012217:Rheumatoid Factor