title: High-frequency dual mode pulsed wave Doppler imaging for monitoring the functional regeneration of adult zebrafish hearts.
abstract: Adult zebrafish is a well-known small animal model for studying heart regeneration. Although the regeneration of scars made by resecting the ventricular apex has been visualized with histological methods, there is no adequate imaging tool for tracking the functional recovery of the damaged heart. For this reason, high-frequency Doppler echocardiography using dual mode pulsed wave Doppler, which provides both tissue Doppler (TD) and Doppler flow in a same cardiac cycle, is developed with a 30 MHz high-frequency array ultrasound imaging system. Phantom studies show that the Doppler flow mode of the dual mode is capable of measuring the flow velocity from 0.1 to 15 cm s(-1) with high accuracy (p-value = 0.974 > 0.05). In the in vivo study of zebrafish, both TD and Doppler flow signals were simultaneously obtained from the zebrafish heart for the first time, and the synchronized valve motions with the blood flow signals were identified. In the longitudinal study on the zebrafish heart regeneration, the parameters for diagnosing the diastolic dysfunction, for example, E/Em < 10, E/A < 0.14 for wild-type zebrafish, were measured, and the type of diastolic dysfunction caused by the amputation was found to be similar to the restrictive filling. The diastolic function was fully recovered within four weeks post-amputation.
authors.affiliation: NIH Resource on Medical Ultrasonic Transducer Technology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
authors.forename: Bong Jin
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.affiliation: NIH Resource on Medical Ultrasonic Transducer Technology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA jinhyoung.park@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Jinhyoung
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA.
authors.forename: Jieun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: NIH Resource on Medical Ultrasonic Transducer Technology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
authors.forename: Hyung Ham
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: NIH Resource on Medical Ultrasonic Transducer Technology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
authors.forename: Changyang
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Information and Communication Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu, South Korea.
authors.forename: Jae Youn
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.affiliation: Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA.
authors.forename: Ching-Ling
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Lien
authors.affiliation: NIH Resource on Medical Ultrasonic Transducer Technology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
authors.forename: K Kirk
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Shung
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003971:Diastole; D015150:Echocardiography, Doppler; D006321:Heart / Q000502:physiology*; D012038:Regeneration; D015027:Zebrafish
keywords: Doppler flow; echocardiography; heart regeneration; tissue Doppler; zebrafish