title: Photocatalytic applications of paper-like poly(vinylidene fluoride)-titanium dioxide hybrids fabricated using a combination of electrospinning and electrospraying.
abstract: A paper-like photocatalyst was fabricated by electrospraying an N,N'-dimethylformamide (DMF) dispersion of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles (NPs) on a poly(vinylidene fluoride) nanofiber (PVDF NF) mat prepared by electrospinning. Morphological studies revealed that the TiO2 NPs uniformly deposited as clusters on the surface of the PVDF NF mat. The immobilized amount of TiO2 was found to be 2.08, 2.44, 3.80, and 4.73 mg per 45 cm(2) of PVDF-TiO2 hybrids for the electrospraying of 10, 20, 40, and 60 ml of TiO2-DMF, respectively. The hybrid photocatalysts were effective in degrading bisphenol A (BPA), 4-chlorophenol (4-CP), and cimetidine (CMT), which dissolved in both deionized water and secondary wastewater effluents, with activity being proportional to the quantity of TiO2 NPs immobilized. For the highest loading amount of TiO2, BPA, 4-CP, and CMT degraded completely within 100, 100, and 40 min of UV irradiation, respectively. Stable photo-oxidation of CMT was maintained through 10 repeated cycles. During these cycles, it was confirmed that there was no loss of TiO2 NPs by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. Our results suggest that effective and stable PVDF-TiO2 hybrid photocatalysts can be fabricated on a large scale by combining electrospinning and electrospraying techniques.
authors.affiliation: Center for Water Resource Cycle Research, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Hwarangno 14 gil,Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-791, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Subramaniyan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ramasundaram
authors.affiliation: Center for Water Resource Cycle Research, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Hwarangno 14 gil,Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-791, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Aseom
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Son
authors.affiliation: Center for Water Resource Cycle Research, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Hwarangno 14 gil,Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-791, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Mingizem Gashaw
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Seid
authors.affiliation: Center for Water Resource Cycle Research, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Hwarangno 14 gil,Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-791, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Sujin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shim
authors.affiliation: Center for Water Resource Cycle Research, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Hwarangno 14 gil,Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-791, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Sang Hyup
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Center for Water Resource Cycle Research, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Hwarangno 14 gil,Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-791, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Yun Chul
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.affiliation: Urban and Environmental Engineering, and KIST-UNIST-Ulsan Center for Convergent Materials (KUUC), Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 698-805, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Changha
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: School of Civil, Environmental, and Architectural Engineering, Korea University, 145, Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jaesang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Center for Water Resource Cycle Research, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Hwarangno 14 gil,Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-791, Republic of Korea; Energy and Environmental Engineering, Korea University of Science and Technology, Hwarangno 14 gil,Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-791, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: swhong@kist.re.kr.
authors.forename: Seok Won
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Hong
mesh_terms: D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D002384:Catalysis; D002733:Chlorophenols / Q000737:chemistry; D002927:Cimetidine / Q000737:chemistry; D055664:Electrochemical Techniques; D008420:Manufactured Materials; D057139:Nanofibers / Q000737:chemistry / Q000528:radiation effects; D010636:Phenols / Q000737:chemistry; D010782:Photolysis; D011145:Polyvinyls / Q000737:chemistry / Q000528:radiation effects; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry / Q000528:radiation effects; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000737:chemistry*; D005465:Fluorocarbon Polymers; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds
chemical_list: D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds; D002733:Chlorophenols; D002927:Cimetidine; D010636:Phenols; D011145:Polyvinyls; D014025:Titanium; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C009495:titanium dioxide; C024865:polyvinylidene fluoride; D005465:Fluorocarbon Polymers; C029107:4-chlorophenol; C006780:bisphenol A; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds
keywords: Electrospinning; Electrospraying; Paper-like photocatalyst; Poly(vinylidene fluoride) nanofibers; TiO(2) nanoparticles