title: Induction of apoptosis by eicosapentaenoic acid in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) suppresses the proliferation of cell lines derived from colon, pancreatic, breast and other cancers. Few reports have described the effect of EPA on esophageal cancer cell lines.
  
  
  METHODS
  We investigated the effect of EPA on the proliferation of the esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cell lines TE11 and KYSE180 with a WST-1 assay. Apoptosis was evaluated with a DNA fragmentation assay. Levels of apoptosis-related proteins (caspase-3, -7, -9 and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP)) and cleaved caspase-3, -7, -9 and PARP were evaluated by western blot analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After exposure to EPA for 24 h, KYSE180 and TE11 cell proliferation was suppressed in a dose-dependent manner (p<0.05). In addition, caspase -3, -7, -9 and PARP were activated. EPA (0.1 μM, 1 μM, 10 μM) induced apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner, as detected by the DNA fragmentation assay.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  EPA shows potential as a new treatment for esophageal cancer.
authors.affiliation: Gastroenterological Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan.
authors.forename: Koji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mizoguchi
authors.affiliation: Gastroenterological Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan h-ishi@med.nagoya-cu.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Hideyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ishiguro
authors.affiliation: Gastroenterological Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan.
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kimura
authors.affiliation: Gastroenterological Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.affiliation: Gastroenterological Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan.
authors.forename: Nobuhiro
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sakamoto
authors.affiliation: Gastroenterological Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan.
authors.forename: Tatsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.affiliation: Gastroenterological Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiromitsu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Takeyama
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000473:pathology*; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism; D053179:Caspase 7 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism; D053453:Caspase 9 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D053938:DNA Fragmentation / Q000187:drug effects; D015118:Eicosapentaenoic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D000077277:Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma; D006801:Humans; D011065:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D015118:Eicosapentaenoic Acid; D011065:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases; D053148:Caspase 3; D053179:Caspase 7; D053453:Caspase 9
keywords: Eicosapentaenoic acid; apoptosis; esophageal cancer