title: Postexposure prophylactic effect of hepatitis B virus (HBV)-active antiretroviral therapy against HBV infection.
abstract: Retrospective study indicates that hepatitis B virus (HBV)-active nucleoside (nucleotide) analogues (NAs) used for antiretroviral therapy reduce the incidence of acute HBV infections in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients. Learning from HIV postexposure prophylaxis (PEP), we explored the possibility of using NAs in PEP following HBV exposure, if preexposure prophylaxis is feasible clinically. Using freshly isolated primary human hepatocytes cultured in vitro, we analyzed the effect of HBV-active tenofovir and lamivudine in primary HBV infection and also the effect of treatment with these NAs after HBV infection. HBV-active NAs applied from 24 h before inoculation could not prevent the secretion of hepatitis B surface antigen into the culture medium, and cessation of the NAs after inoculation allowed the cells to establish an apparent HBV infection. In contrast, hepatitis B immune globulin was able to prevent HBV infection completely. NA treatment before infection, however, can control the spread of HBV infection, as detected by immunohistochemistry. Practically, starting NA treatment within 2 days of primary HBV infection inhibited viral spread effectively, as well as preexposure treatment. We demonstrated that preexposure NA treatment was not able to prevent the acquisition of HBV infection but prevented viral spread by suppressing the production of mature progeny HBV virions. The effect of postexposure treatment within 2 days was similar to the effect of preexposure treatment, suggesting the possibility of HBV PEP using HBV-active NAs in HIV- and HBV-susceptible high-risk groups.
authors.affiliation: Department of Virology and Liver Unit, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology Clinical Research Center, National Hospital Organization Nagoya Medical Center, Nagoya, Japan.
authors.forename: Tsunamasa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.affiliation: Department of Virology and Liver Unit, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan.
authors.forename: Susumu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hamada-Tsutsumi
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology Clinical Research Center, National Hospital Organization Nagoya Medical Center, Nagoya, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshiyuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yokomaku
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology Clinical Research Center, National Hospital Organization Nagoya Medical Center, Nagoya, Japan.
authors.forename: Junji
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Imamura
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology Clinical Research Center, National Hospital Organization Nagoya Medical Center, Nagoya, Japan.
authors.forename: Wataru
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Sugiura
authors.affiliation: Department of Virology and Liver Unit, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan ytanaka@med.nagoya-cu.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Yasuhito
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tanaka
mesh_terms: D000225:Adenine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000818:Animals; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006509:Hepatitis B / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006515:Hepatitis B virus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D019259:Lamivudine / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D051379:Mice; D063065:Organophosphonates / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D000068698:Tenofovir
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; D063065:Organophosphonates; D019259:Lamivudine; D000068698:Tenofovir; D000225:Adenine