title: Clinical efficacy of 9-oxo-10, 11-dehydroageraphorone extracted from Eupatorium adenophorum against Psoroptes cuniculi in rabbits.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Animal acariasis is one of the important veterinary skin diseases. Chemical drugs have been widely used to treat and control this kind of disease. But many chemicals control could increase resistance in target species, toxicity and environmental hazards. We found that the 9-oxo-10, 11-dehydroageraphorone (euptox A) extracted from E. adenophorum has strong toxicity against P. cuniculi in vitro, but the in vivo acaricidal actions of euptox A have yet to be investigated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A 14-day experiment was performed using rabbits that were naturally infested with P. cuniculi on a farm. Rabbits were randomly divided into five groups; animals in groups A, B and C were treated in each ear topically with 4.0 ml of 2.0 and 1.0 g/L (w/v) euptox A, respectively. Animals in groups D and E were treated with ivermectin (by injection; positive controls) and glycerol with water only (by embrocation; negative controls), respectively. Each rabbit was treated twice with separate treatments on days 0 and 7. Rabbits were observed daily and detailed examinations were performed on days 0, 7 and 14, to inspect the presence or absence of mites and scabs/crusts. Seven days after the initial treatment, the mean clinical scores (presence of scabs/crusts) decreased from 3.48, 3.37, 3.43 and 3.45 to 0.37, 0.42, 0.78 and 0.38 in the ears of animals in groups A, B , C and D, respectively, which were similar to the observations recorded in the positive control rabbits. However, the clinical score for negative control rabbits did not increase significantly (P > 0.05) during the experiment, and this changed from 3.32 to 3.37 in the ears, and there were no significant differences in clinical efficacy between left and right ears. After two treatments (0 and 7 d), the rabbits in groups A, B, C and D had recovered completely 14 days after the last treatment and no recurrences of infection were observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results indicate that euptox A was potent compounds for the effective control of animal P. cuniculi in vivo.
authors.affiliation: Key laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary, Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan Province, Ya an, 625014, China. 703517254@qq.com.
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Key laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary, Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan Province, Ya an, 625014, China. 381404719@qq.com.|Qiandongnan Prefectural Center for Animal Disease Control and Prevention of Guizhou province, Kaili, 556000, China. 381404719@qq.com.
authors.forename: Fei
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Liao
authors.affiliation: Key laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary, Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan Province, Ya an, 625014, China. yanchunhu@126.com.
authors.forename: Yanchun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Key laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary, Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan Province, Ya an, 625014, China. 313212788@qq.com.
authors.forename: Biao
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.affiliation: Key laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary, Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan Province, Ya an, 625014, China. 286243940@qq.com.
authors.forename: Yajun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: Key laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary, Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan Province, Ya an, 625014, China. 1542189931@qq.com.
authors.forename: Quan
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Mo
authors.affiliation: Key laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary, Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan Province, Ya an, 625014, China. 664989682@qq.com.
authors.forename: Zhicai
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zuo
authors.affiliation: Key laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary, Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan Province, Ya an, 625014, China. 112283458@qq.com.
authors.forename: Zhihua
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.affiliation: Key laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary, Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan Province, Ya an, 625014, China. dengjl213@126.com.
authors.forename: Junliang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, School of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China. wyh1960@126.com.
authors.forename: Yahui
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wei
mesh_terms: D056810:Acaricides / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D036603:Ageratina / Q000737:chemistry; D000818:Animals; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D007559:Ivermectin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008924:Mite Infestations / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000662:veterinary*; D040042:Psoroptidae / Q000187:drug effects*; D011817:Rabbits; D012717:Sesquiterpenes / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: C098165:9-oxo-10,11-dehydroagerophorone; D056810:Acaricides; D012717:Sesquiterpenes; D007559:Ivermectin