title: Lessons learned from the reimbursement profile of a mature private medical toxicology practice: office-based practice pays.
abstract: We previously reported the financial data for the first 5 years of one of the author's medical toxicology practice. The practice has matured; changes have been made. The practice is increasing its focus on office-based encounters and reducing hospital-based acute care encounters. We report the reimbursement rates and other financial metrics of the current practice. Financial records from October 2009 through September 2013 were reviewed. This is a period of 4 fiscal years and represents the currently available financial data. Charges, payments, and reimbursement rates were recorded according to the type and setting of the medical toxicology encounter: forensic consultations, outpatient clinic encounters, nonpsychiatric inpatient consultations, emergency department (ED) consultations, and inpatient psychiatric consultations. All patients were seen regardless of ability to pay or insurance status. The number of billed Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) codes for office-based encounters increased over the study period; the number of billed CPT codes for inpatient and ED consultations reduced. Office-based encounters demonstrate a higher reimbursement rate and higher payments. In the fiscal year (FY) of 2012, office-based revenue exceeded hospital-based acute care revenue by over $140,000 despite a higher number of billed CPT encounters in acute care settings, and outpatient payments were 2.39 times higher than inpatient, inpatient psychiatry, observation unit, and ED payments combined. The average payment per CPT code was higher for outpatient clinic encounters than inpatient encounters for each fiscal year studied. There was an overall reduction in CPT billing volume between FY 2010 and FY 2013. Despite this, there was an increase in total practice revenue. There was no change in payor mix, practice logistics, or billing/collection service company. In this medical toxicology practice, office-based encounters demonstrate higher reimbursement rates and overall payments compared to inpatient and ED consultations. While consistent with our previous studies, these differences have been accentuated. This study demonstrates the results of changes to the practice--reduced inpatient/ED consultations and increased outpatient encounters. These practice changes resulted in higher overall revenue despite a lower patient volume. In this analysis, the office-based practice of medical toxicology has higher reimbursement rates, nearly 2.5 times higher, when compared to hospital-based acute care consultations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Division of Medical Toxicology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA, tthomps@uic.edu.
authors.forename: Trevonne M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Thompson
authors.forename: Jerrold B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Leikin
mesh_terms: D000553:Ambulatory Care / Q000191:economics; D002641:Chicago; D017281:Cost of Illness; D003365:Costs and Cost Analysis; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital / Q000191:economics; D053593:Forensic Toxicology / Q000191:economics; D017048:Health Care Costs; D006786:Hospitals, Urban; D006801:Humans; D007349:Insurance, Health, Reimbursement; D010820:Physicians / Q000191:economics; D011041:Poisoning / Q000191:economics / Q000628:therapy*; D011331:Private Practice / Q000191:economics; D012017:Referral and Consultation / Q000191:economics; D014116:Toxicology / Q000191:economics; D019037:Urban Health Services / Q000191:economics; D000078329:Workforce