title: Pharmacological inhibition of MIF interferes with trophoblast cell migration and invasiveness.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is expressed by villous and extravillous cytotrophoblast. This study was aimed to investigate functional relevance of MIF for human trophoblast.
  
  
  METHODS
  MIF mRNA and protein were documented in cytotrophoblast (CT) and extravillous trophoblast cell line HTR-8/SVneo by RT-PCR, Western blot (WB), and immunocytochemistry. Recombinant human MIF (rhMIF), or its specific inhibitor (S,R)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-5-isoxazole acetic acid methyl ester (ISO-1) were used in Wound healing migration and Matrigel invasion tests. Potential effectors, integrin subunits and matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) were studied using WB and gelatin zymography, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Blocking endogenous MIF by ISO-1 decreased HTR-8/SVneo cell migration dose dependently, most significantly with 200 μg/ml to 65% of control. Supplementation with rhMIF induced a significant stimulation to 129% of control with 200 ng/ml. In CT cell invasion test, ISO-1 at 200 μg/ml reduced invasion to 59% of control, while rhMIF (200 ng/ml) induced stimulation to 159% of control. In HTR-8/SVneo cells, invasion was significantly inhibited by ISO-1 to 40%, and increased to 150% of control by rhMIF (200 ng/ml). Integrin α1 was reduced by ISO-1 in both cell types, while integrins α5 and β1 were not changed. Addition of rhMIF increased integrin α1. In the presence of ISO-1, levels of MMP-2 and MMP-9 were reduced in CT and HTR-8/SVneo, while rhMIF stimulated MMP-2 in CT and MMP-9 in HTR-8/SVneo cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Reported findings provide the first insight into the cellular effects of MIF in human trophoblast, which acts to promote cell migration and invasion.
authors.affiliation: Institute for the Application of Nuclear Energy, INEP, University of Belgrade, Banatska 31b, 11080 Belgrade-Zemun, Serbia.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jovanović Krivokuća
authors.affiliation: Institute for the Application of Nuclear Energy, INEP, University of Belgrade, Banatska 31b, 11080 Belgrade-Zemun, Serbia.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Stefanoska
authors.affiliation: Institute for the Application of Nuclear Energy, INEP, University of Belgrade, Banatska 31b, 11080 Belgrade-Zemun, Serbia.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Abu Rabi
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Biomedical Science, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Al-Abed
authors.affiliation: Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Stošić-Grujičić
authors.affiliation: Institute for the Application of Nuclear Energy, INEP, University of Belgrade, Banatska 31b, 11080 Belgrade-Zemun, Serbia. Electronic address: vicovac@inep.co.rs.
authors.forename: Lj
authors.initials: Lj
authors.lastname: Vićovac
mesh_terms: D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D010064:Embryo Implantation / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D019746:Intramolecular Oxidoreductases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D007555:Isoxazoles / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008263:Macrophage Migration-Inhibitory Factors / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011247:Pregnancy; D011261:Pregnancy Trimester, First; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D014327:Trophoblasts / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: C462499:3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-5-isoxazoleacetic acid methyl ester; D007555:Isoxazoles; D008263:Macrophage Migration-Inhibitory Factors; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D019746:Intramolecular Oxidoreductases; C515598:MIF protein, human
keywords: Invasion; MIF; Placenta; Trophoblast