title: Pharmacogenomics and pharmacogenetics of thiazolidinediones: role in diabetes and cardiovascular risk factors.
abstract: The most important goal in the treatment of patients with diabetes is to prevent the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), the first cause of mortality in these subjects. Thiazolidinediones (TZDs), a class of antidiabetic drugs, act as insulin sensitizers increasing insulin-dependent glucose disposal and reducing hepatic glucose output. TZDs including pioglitazone, rosiglitazone and troglitazone, by activating PPAR-γ have shown pleiotropic effects in reducing vascular risk factors and atherosclerosis. However, troglitazone was removed from the market due to its hepatoxicity, and rosiglitazone and pioglitazone both have particular warnings due to being associated with heart diseases. Specific genetic variations in genes involved in the pathways regulated by TDZs have demonstrated to modify the variability in treatment with these drugs, especially in their side effects. Therefore, pharmacogenomics and pharmacogenetics are an important tool in further understand intersubject variability per se but also to assess the therapeutic potential of such variability in drug individualization and therapeutic optimization.
authors.affiliation: Department of Systems Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Della-Morte
authors.forename: Raffaele
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Palmirotta
authors.forename: Ashish K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Rehni
authors.forename: Donatella
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pastore
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Capuani
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pacifici
authors.forename: Maria Laura
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: De Marchis
authors.forename: Kunjan R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Dave
authors.forename: Alfonso
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bellia
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Fogliame
authors.forename: Patrizia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ferroni
authors.forename: Giulia
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Donadel
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Cacciatore
authors.forename: Pasquale
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Abete
authors.forename: Chuanhui
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.forename: Antonello
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pileggi
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Roselli
authors.forename: Camillo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ricordi
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sbraccia
authors.forename: Fiorella
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Guadagni
authors.forename: Tatjana
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Rundek
authors.forename: Davide
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lauro
mesh_terms: D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics*; D002839:Chromans / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D010597:Pharmacogenetics; D000077205:Pioglitazone; D057285:Precision Medicine; D012307:Risk Factors; D000077154:Rosiglitazone; D045162:Thiazolidinediones / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000077288:Troglitazone
chemical_list: D002839:Chromans; D045162:Thiazolidinediones; D000077154:Rosiglitazone; D000077288:Troglitazone; D000077205:Pioglitazone
keywords: cardiovascular disease; diabetes; pharmacogenetics; pharmacogenomics; single nucleotide polymorphisms; thiazolidinediones; vascular risk factors