title: Effect of individually tailored biopsychosocial workplace interventions on chronic musculoskeletal pain, stress and work ability among laboratory technicians: randomized controlled trial protocol.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Among laboratory technicians, the prevalence of neck and shoulder pain is widespread possibly due to typical daily work tasks such as pipetting, preparing vial samples for analysis, and data processing on a computer including mouse work - all tasks that require precision in motor control and may result in extended periods of time spent in static positions.In populations characterized by intense chronic musculoskeletal pain and diagnosed conditions in conjunction with psycho-physiological symptoms such as stress-related pain and soreness and other disabling conditions, multifactorial approaches applying a combination of individually tailored physical and cognitive strategies targeting the areas most needed, may be an effective solution to the physical and mental health challenges.The aim of this study is therefore to investigate the effect of an individually tailored biopsychosocial intervention strategy on musculoskeletal pain, stress and work disability in lab technicians with a history of musculoskeletal pain at a single worksite in Denmark.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this single-blind two-armed parallel-group randomized controlled trial with allocation concealment, participants receive either an individualized multifactorial intervention or "usual care" for 10 weeks at the worksite.
  
  
  METHODS
  1) female laboratory technician (18-67 years of age) and 2) Pain intensity ≥ 3 (0-10 Visual Analogue Scale) lasting ≥3 months with a frequency of ≥ 3 days per week in one or more of the following regions: i) upper back i) low back iii) neck, iv) shoulder, v) elbow and/or vi) hand.
  
  
  METHODS
  1) life-threatening disease and 2) pregnancy. Stress, as measured by Cohen´s perceived stress questionnaire is not an inclusion criteria, thus participants can participate regardless of their stress level.We will implement an individualized intervention addressing biopsychosocial elements of musculoskeletal pain with the following components; i) increasing physical capacity through strength- and motor control training; ii) lowering or preventing development of stress through mindfulness practice and learning de-catastrophizing pain management strategies through cognitive training.The primary outcome at 10-week follow-up is the between-group difference in intensity of perceived musculoskeletal pain during the last week (average value of back, neck, shoulder, elbow and hand) assessed by questionnaire (modified visual analogue scale 0-10).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study will provide experimental evidence to guide workplace initiatives designed towards reducing chronic musculoskeletal pain and stress.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02047669.
authors.affiliation: National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkallé 105, Copenhagen, Denmark. kj@ecs.soton.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Kenneth
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Jay
authors.forename: Mikkel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Brandt
authors.forename: Emil
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sundstrup
authors.forename: Mc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schraefel
authors.forename: Markus D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Jakobsen
authors.forename: Gisela
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sjøgaard
authors.forename: Lars L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Andersen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D059350:Chronic Pain / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D059232:Laboratory Personnel / Q000523:psychology; D008875:Middle Aged; D059352:Musculoskeletal Pain / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000379:methods; D055070:Resistance Training / Q000379:methods; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D012944:Social Support; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D017132:Workplace / Q000523:psychology; D055815:Young Adult