title: Nephropleural fistula after percutaneous nephrolithotomy in a pediatric patient: diagnosis and management.
abstract: Nephropleural fistula is a direct and persistent communication between the intrarenal collecting system and the intrathoracic cavity and is a rare complication of supracostal puncture during percutaneous nephrolithotomy. We report a case of a 4-year-old male child who underwent percutaneous removal of a right renal stone. He developed a nephropleural fistula and displacement of double J stent into the pleural cavity. Decompression of the pelvicalyceal system with percutaneous nephrostomy and repositioning of the double J stent allowed for healing of the fistulous connection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology and Renal Transplant, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India. Electronic address: sohrab.arora@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Sohrab
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Arora
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology and Renal Transplant, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India.
authors.forename: Anubhav
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Raj
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology and Renal Transplant, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India.
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Ansari
mesh_terms: D002675:Child, Preschool; D006801:Humans; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy; D008297:Male; D009403:Nephrostomy, Percutaneous / Q000009:adverse effects*; D010995:Pleural Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy; D016156:Respiratory Tract Fistula / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy; D014548:Urinary Fistula / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy