title: A study protocol of a randomized controlled trial examining the efficacy of a symptom self-management programme for people with acute myocardial infarction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report a study protocol of a randomized controlled trial examining if a symptom self-management programme helps patients with acute myocardial infarction self-manage their physical and psychological symptoms.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  In addition to physical conditions, people with acute myocardial infarction often experience psychological symptoms. However, there is limited empirical evidence on how to help individuals self-manage these psychological symptoms.
  
  
  METHODS
  A single-blinded, randomized controlled trial is proposed.
  
  
  METHODS
  A convenience sample of 90 will be recruited. Eligible participants will be adult patients with acute myocardial infarction hospitalized at a tertiary hospital in Singapore. Participants will be randomly assigned to one of the three treatment groups: Intervention 1 and standard care (n = 30), Intervention 2 and standard care (n = 30) and standard care alone (n = 30). Data will be collected by self-reported questionnaires, physiological measures and open-ended questions. Quantitative data will be analysed by descriptive statistics, t-test, analysis of covariance and repeated measures analysis of variance. Open-ended questions will be analysed by content analysis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study will identify a potentially efficacious symptom self-management programme for patients with acute myocardial infarction. If the efficacy of the programme is demonstrated, the programme can be integrated into hospital services to improve patient care. A new teaching method (virtual reality-based teaching) and new teaching materials (virtual reality videos and relaxation videos) derived from this study can be offered to patients. Future research with larger samples and multi-centre recruitment can be undertaken to further test the efficacy of the interventions.
authors.affiliation: Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
authors.forename: Piyanee
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Klainin-Yobas
authors.affiliation: National University Hospital, Singapore.
authors.forename: Karen Wei Ling
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Koh
authors.affiliation: Cardiac Department, National University Heart Centre, National University Hospital, Singapore.
authors.forename: Anand Adinath
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Ambhore
authors.affiliation: Cardiac Department, National University Heart Centre, National University Hospital, Singapore.
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chai
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of New Castle, Callaghan, New Castle, Australia.
authors.forename: Sally Wai-Chi
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.affiliation: Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
authors.forename: Hong-Gu
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: He
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D012648:Self Care; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: anxiety; cardiac self-efficacy; chest pain; depression; nursing intervention; symptom self-management programme