title: Non-convulsive seizures in children with infection-related altered mental status.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In the intensive care unit, the use of continuous electroencephalography (cEEG) in children with altered mental status often results in the detection of non-convulsive seizures (NCS). Children with influenza can occasionally display altered mental status, but the prevalence of NCS in children with influenza with altered mental status is yet to be determined. This study determined the prevalence of NCS in pediatric patients with altered mental status associated with influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 infection.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively reviewed admissions to the pediatric intensive care unit between September 2009 and February 2010 and confirmed the presence of NCS on cEEG in children with influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 and with altered mental status.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 15 patients (aged 41-159 months old), NCS was identified on cEEG in five children (33%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Approximately one-third of the children infected with influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 with altered mental status had NCS. Further research is needed to determine if the detection and management of NCS improve outcome in these children.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Hyogo Prefectural Kobe Children's Hospital, Hyogo, Japan.
authors.forename: Kyoko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fujita
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Hyogo Prefectural Kobe Children's Hospital, Hyogo, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nagase
authors.affiliation: Department of General Medicine, Hyogo Prefectural Kobe Children's Hospital, Hyogo, Japan.
authors.forename: Taku
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakagawa
authors.affiliation: Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Hyogo Prefectural Kobe Children's Hospital, Hyogo, Japan.
authors.forename: Yohsuke
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Saji
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Hyogo Prefectural Kobe Children's Hospital, Hyogo, Japan.
authors.forename: Azusa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Maruyama
authors.affiliation: Department of General Medicine, Hyogo Prefectural Kobe Children's Hospital, Hyogo, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshiyuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Uetani
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis; D004569:Electroencephalography; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D053118:Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype / Q000235:genetics*; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology; D015278:Intensive Care Units, Pediatric; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012640:Seizures / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*
chemical_list: D004279:DNA, Viral
keywords: H1N1 subtype; confusion; influenza A virus; intensive care; pediatrics; seizure