title: Behaviour-modifying compounds for management of the red palm weevil (Rhynchophorus ferrugineus Oliver).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Populations of red palm weevil (RPW), a severe pest of palms in Mediterranean countries, might be limited by semiochemical-based behaviour-disrupting methods. We evaluated the effects of electroantennogram (EAG)-active plant volatiles on the behaviour of RPWs from Italy and Israel. In field experiments, α-pinene, citronellol, geraniol, citral and 1-octen-3-ol were tested for their ability to disrupt attraction to pheromone-kairomone and molasses baited traps. Those that were found to be disruptive in the field were evaluated in a laboratory choice bioassay in individual cages for their effect on RPW female feeding and oviposition.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Field experiments showed reduced captures in traps loaded with geraniol (-57%), 1-octen-3-ol (-50%) or α-pinene (-45% to -60%); captures in citronellol- or citral-loaded traps did not differ from control. In laboratory experiments, 1-octen-3-ol was the most potent behaviour-modifying compound, eliciting a significant/marginally significant reduction in both feeding and oviposition at the lowest dose tested in both populations. Geraniol generally caused a strong reduction in feeding and oviposition at each dose tested (Israel), or at the highest dose (Italy). α-Pinene caused some reduction in feeding activity at the highest dose tested (Italy), but no consistent repellency (Israel).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Field and laboratory data suggest the potential for the use of 1-octen-3-ol, geraniol and α-pinene for RPW population management.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Forestali, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy.|Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante (IPSP), Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy.
authors.forename: Salvatore
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Guarino
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Forestali, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Colazza
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Forestali, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
authors.forename: Ezio
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Peri
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Forestali, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
authors.forename: Paolo Lo
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Bue
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Forestali, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
authors.forename: Maria Pia
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Germanà
authors.affiliation: Volcani Centre, Agricultural Research Organisation, Bet Dagan, Israel.
authors.forename: Tatiana
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kuznetsova
authors.affiliation: Volcani Centre, Agricultural Research Organisation, Bet Dagan, Israel.
authors.forename: Galina
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gindin
authors.affiliation: Volcani Centre, Agricultural Research Organisation, Bet Dagan, Israel.
authors.forename: Victoria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Soroker
mesh_terms: D000080462:Acyclic Monoterpenes; D000818:Animals; D028023:Arecaceae / Q000469:parasitology*; D057506:Arthropod Antennae / Q000502:physiology; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects; D000081008:Bicyclic Monoterpenes; D055724:Electrophysiological Phenomena; D005247:Feeding Behavior / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D007300:Insect Control / Q000379:methods; D007557:Israel; D007558:Italy; D008297:Male; D039821:Monoterpenes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000442:Octanols / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010058:Oviposition / Q000187:drug effects; D010675:Pheromones / Q000494:pharmacology; D013729:Terpenes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D048889:Weevils / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D000080462:Acyclic Monoterpenes; D000081008:Bicyclic Monoterpenes; D039821:Monoterpenes; D000442:Octanols; D010675:Pheromones; D013729:Terpenes; C005451:alpha-pinene; C007836:geraniol; C038844:1-octen-3-ol
keywords: 1-octen-3-ol; antifeedant; deterrent; geraniol; push-pull; α-pinene