title: Development and validity of a 3-day smartphone assisted 24-hour recall to assess beverage consumption in a Chinese population: a randomized cross-over study.
abstract: This paper addresses the need for diet assessment methods that capture the rapidly changing beverage consumption patterns in China. The objective of this study was to develop a 3-day smartphone-assisted 24-hour recall to improve the quantification of beverage intake amongst young Chinese adults (n=110) and validate, in a small subset (n=34), the extent to which the written record and smartphone-assisted recalls adequately estimated total fluid intake, using 24-hour urine samples. The smartphone-assisted method showed improved validity compared with the written record-assisted method, when comparing reported total fluid intake to total urine volume. However, participants reported consuming fewer beverages on the smartphone-assisted method compared with the written record-assisted method, primarily due to decreased consumption of traditional zero-energy beverages (i.e. water, tea) in the smartphone-assisted method. It is unclear why participants reported fewer beverages in the smartphone-assisted method than the written record -assisted method. One possibility is that participants found the smartphone method too cumbersome, and responded by decreasing beverage intake. These results suggest that smartphone-assisted 24-hour recalls perform comparably but do not appear to substantially improve beverage quantification compared with the current written record-based approach. In addition, we piloted a beverage screener to identify consumers of episodically consumed SSBs. As expected, a substantially higher proportion of consumers reported consuming SSBs on the beverage screener compared with either recall type, suggesting that a beverage screener may be useful in characterizing consumption of episodically consumed beverages in China's dynamic food and beverage landscape.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, CB#8120, University Square, 123 West Franklin Street, Chapel Hill, NC 27516-2524. USA. mmendez@email.unc.edu.
authors.forename: Lindsey P
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Jenna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hua
authors.forename: Edmund
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Seto
authors.forename: Shufa
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Du
authors.forename: Jiajie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zang
authors.forename: Shurong
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zou
authors.forename: Barry M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Popkin
authors.forename: Michelle A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Mendez
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001628:Beverages; D002253:Carbonated Beverages; D040421:Cell Phone; D002681:China; D003069:Coffee; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004032:Diet; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004326:Drinking; D004327:Drinking Behavior; D005260:Female; D005638:Fruit; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011939:Mental Recall; D015596:Nutrition Assessment; D009765:Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013662:Tea; D014556:Urine
chemical_list: D003069:Coffee; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D013662:Tea