title: Immune-related conditions and acute leukemia in children with Down syndrome: a Children's Oncology Group report.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Children with Down syndrome have unique immune profiles and increased leukemia susceptibility.
  
  
  METHODS
  Mothers of 158 children with Down syndrome diagnosed with acute leukemia at 0 to 19 years in 1997 to 2002 and 173 children with Down syndrome but no leukemia were interviewed. Associations were evaluated via multivariable unconditional logistic regression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No associations were detected for asthma, eczema, allergies, or hypothyroidism. Diabetes mellitus associated with leukemia (OR = 9.23; 95% confidence interval 2.33-36.59); however, most instances occurred concurrent with or after the leukemia diagnosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Children with Down syndrome who develop leukemia have increased diabetes risk, likely due to treatment and underlying susceptibility factors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota. University of Minnesota Masonic Cancer Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota. linabery@umn.edu.
authors.forename: Amy M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Linabery
authors.affiliation: Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.
authors.forename: Wenchao
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: University of Minnesota Masonic Cancer Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota.
authors.forename: Michelle A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Roesler
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota. University of Minnesota Masonic Cancer Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota.
authors.forename: Logan G
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Spector
authors.affiliation: Division of Hematology-Oncology, The Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, Missouri.
authors.forename: Alan S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Gamis
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
authors.forename: Andrew F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Olshan
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.
authors.forename: Nyla A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Heerema
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota. University of Minnesota Masonic Cancer Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota.
authors.forename: Julie A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Ross
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000209:etiology*; D004314:Down Syndrome / Q000150:complications*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007154:Immune System Diseases / Q000209:etiology* / Q000276:immunology; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D015470:Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute / Q000209:etiology* / Q000276:immunology; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D054198:Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma / Q000209:etiology* / Q000276:immunology; D012307:Risk Factors; D055815:Young Adult