title: The association between childhood maltreatment and emotion regulation: two different mechanisms contributing to depression?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Childhood maltreatment is an established distal risk factor for later emotional problems, although research suggests this relationship is mediated by proximal factors. However, it is unclear if different forms of childhood maltreatment are related to unique emotion regulation strategies. In this study, we examined whether avoidance and rumination, two emotion regulation strategies strongly associated with depression, were associated with different forms of childhood maltreatment, and whether these strategies, in turn, mediated the relationship between childhood maltreatment and current depressive symptoms.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants were a community sample of pregnant, primarily low-income women, 55 of whom met criteria for Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and 85 who had elevated levels of depressive symptoms but did not meet criteria for MDD.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significant rates of childhood maltreatment were reported. Childhood emotional neglect was related to behavioural avoidance, and childhood emotional abuse was related to rumination. In path analyses, behavioural avoidance mediated the relationship between childhood emotional neglect and depression. Rumination was a partial mediator of childhood emotional abuse and depression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The data were correlational in nature, and replication with a larger sample will help validate the model.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In a clinical, community-based sample different types of childhood maltreatment are related to unique emotion regulation strategies. Implications for understanding the developmental antecedents of emotion regulation and depression are discussed.
authors.affiliation: University of Exeter, Mood Disorders Centre, Washington Singer Building, Exeter, EX4 4QG UK. Electronic address: ho215@ex.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Heather A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: O'Mahen
authors.affiliation: University of Exeter, Mood Disorders Centre, Washington Singer Building, Exeter, EX4 4QG UK.
authors.forename: Anke
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Karl
authors.affiliation: University of Exeter, Mood Disorders Centre, Washington Singer Building, Exeter, EX4 4QG UK.
authors.forename: Nick
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Moberly
authors.affiliation: Michigan State University, Department of Social Work, 254 Baker Hall, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
authors.forename: Gina
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Fedock
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D002649:Child Abuse / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology*; D004644:Emotions; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008824:Michigan / Q000453:epidemiology; D011247:Pregnancy; D012307:Risk Factors; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Avoidance; Behavioural activation; Child abuse; Depression; Emotion regulation; Rumination