title: Modified Dunn Procedure is Superior to In Situ Pinning for Short-term Clinical and Radiographic Improvement in Severe Stable SCFE.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In situ pinning is the conventional treatment for a stable slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE). However, with a severe stable SCFE the residual deformity may lead to femoroacetabular impingement and articular cartilage damage. A modified Dunn subcapital realignment procedure has been developed to allow for correction at the level of the deformity while preserving the blood supply to the femoral head.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We compared children with severe stable SCFE treated with the modified Dunn procedure or in situ pinning in terms of (1) proximal femoral radiographic deformity; (2) Heyman and Herndon clinical outcome; (3) complication rate; and (4) number of reoperations performed after the initial procedure.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this nonmatched retrospective study, 15 patients treated with the modified Dunn procedure (between 2007 and 2012) and 15 treated with in situ pinning (between 2001 and 2009) for severe but stable SCFE were followed for a mean of 2.5 years (range, 1-6 years). During the period in question, the decision regarding which procedure to use was based on the on-call surgeon's discretion; six surgeons performed in situ pinning and three surgeons performed the modified Dunn procedure. A total of 15 other patients were treated for the same diagnosis during the study period but were lost to followup before 1 year; of those, 12 were in the in situ pinning group. Radiographs were reviewed to measure the AP and lateral alpha angles, femoral head-neck offset, and Southwick angle preoperatively and at the latest clinical visit. The Heyman and Herndon clinical outcome, complications, and subsequent hip surgeries were recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At latest followup, the median AP alpha angle (52°, range 41°-59° versus 76°, interquartile range [IQR]: 68°-88°; p = 0.0017), median lateral alpha angle (44°, IQR: 40°-51° versus 87°, IQR: 74°-96°; p < 0.001), median head-neck offset (7 mm, IQR: 5-9 mm versus -5, IQR: -11 to -4 mm; p < 0.001), and median Southwick angle (16°, IQR: 6°-23° versus 58°, IQR: 47°-66°; p < 0.001) revealed better deformity correction with the modified Dunn procedure compared with in situ pinning. Nine patients had good or excellent results in the modified Dunn group compared with four of 15 in the in situ pinning group (p = 0.0343; odds ratio, 5.86; 95% CI, 1.13-40.43). With the numbers available, there were no differences in the numbers of complications in each group (five versus three complications in the in situ and modified Dunn groups, respectively; p = 0.66), but there were more reoperations in the in situ pinning group (three versus seven; p = 0.0230).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The modified Dunn procedure results in better morphologic features of the femur, a higher rate of good and excellent Heyman and Herndon clinical outcome, a lower reoperation rate, and a similar occurrence of complications when compared with in situ pinning for treatment of severe stable SCFE.
  
  
  METHODS
  Level III, therapeutic study.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Children's Hospital Colorado, 13123 E 16th Avenue, B060, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA, eduardo.novais@childrenscolorado.org.
authors.forename: Eduardo N
authors.initials: EN
authors.lastname: Novais
authors.forename: Mary K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Hill
authors.forename: Patrick M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Carry
authors.forename: Travis C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Heare
authors.forename: Ernest L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Sink
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D001858:Bone Nails; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D005269:Femur / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D006621:Hip Joint / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D016017:Odds Ratio; D019637:Orthopedic Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D018579:Patient Selection; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000601:surgery; D011859:Radiography; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular; D020127:Recovery of Function; D012086:Reoperation; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D060048:Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphyses / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome