title: Source analysis of global anthropogenic lead emissions: their quantities and species.
abstract: Lead emissions originate primarily from the anthropogenic lead cycle, and research into their characteristics, such as species type, provides essential information for pollution control. A dynamic model for global lead emissions has been established, and their emissions and temporal accumulations were estimated in this study based on the evolution of the lead cycle over 70 years. An inventory of the emissions species was obtained after identifying their physiochemical transformations. The 2010 emissions were 3.56 Mt, with 65 % coming from waste management and recycling. The main species were PbSO4 (42.5 %), PbO2 (16.2 %), and PbS (8.3 %). Between 1930 and 2010, the total lead emissions were 173.8 Mt, mainly from waste management and recycling (48 %), production (26 %), and use (20 %). The main species were PbSO4, PbO, Pb, and PbS, and together, they accounted for 61.2 % of the total emissions. Over time, species, such as tetraethyl lead and Pb, declined, but PbO2 and PbSO4 increased.
authors.affiliation: State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.forename: Jiansu
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mao
mesh_terms: D004781:Environmental Exposure; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000737:chemistry*; D004787:Environmental Pollution; D014943:Global Health; D006802:Human Activities; D007854:Lead / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D059027:Recycling; D012307:Risk Factors; D018505:Waste Management
chemical_list: D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D007854:Lead