title: Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma with perineural invasion: report on eight cases and review of the literature.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Perineural invasion (PNI) in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is considered to be a negative prognostic factor. A lot of uncertainty remains regarding the classification, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of SCC with PNI.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To describe typical courses of SCC with PNI and associated findings in order to suggest an optimized diagnostic and therapeutic approach.
  
  
  METHODS
  We present eight cases of SCC with PNI, considering patient and tumor characteristics, histology, treatment and clinical course regarding local recurrence and metastasization.
  
  
  RESULTS
  SCC patients with PNI have a higher rate of local recurrences and greater risk for metastasization than SCC patients without PNI. Age ranged from 68 to 77 years, 6 patients were male and 2 female, with all tumors localized on the head. Three patients had chronic lymphocytic leukemia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Based on the data of this series and the current literature, we make suggestions for better diagnostic and therapeutic management.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, MC Zuiderzee, Lelystad, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Maurice
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Verburg
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lang
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mühlstädt
authors.forename: Annette
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Klein
authors.forename: Jürgen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schauber
authors.forename: Elke C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Sattler
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kunte
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000473:pathology* / Q000556:secondary / Q000628:therapy; D002610:Cheek; D005153:Facial Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D005546:Forehead; D006801:Humans; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000473:pathology*; D010525:Peripheral Nerves / Q000473:pathology*; D011379:Prognosis; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy