title: In vitro fertilization outcome following embryo transfer with or without preinstillation of human chorionic gonadotropin into the uterine cavity: a randomized controlled trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Intrauterine injection of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) at embryo transfer (ET) has been shown to improve the outcome of assisted reproductive techniques. The aim of this study was to confirm previous findings.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this randomized controlled trial, 483 infertile women who were candidates for in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (IVF/ICSI) for the first time were randomly assigned to receive an intrauterine injection of 500 IU hCG or placebo (tissue culture media) before ET. The main outcome measures were implantation and clinical pregnancy rates.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both the hCG-treated group (n = 240) and control group (n = 243) were similar at baseline in terms of demographic and obstetrical characteristics. There were significant differences between the two groups regarding the implantation rate (23.6 vs. 12.2%, p < 0.001), pregnancy rate (54.6 vs. 35.8%, p < 0.001), clinical pregnancy rate (50 vs. 32.1%, p < 0.001), ongoing pregnancy rate (15.3 vs. 9.2%, p < 0.001) and live delivery rate (14.3 vs. 8.4%, p < 0.001). The rate of fertilization and abortion rates were not statistically different.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intrauterine injection of hCG before ET improves implantation and pregnancy rates and may be considered an adjuvant in IVF/ICSI.
authors.affiliation: Department of Infertility, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Ashraf
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aaleyasin
authors.forename: Marzieh
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Aghahosseini
authors.forename: Mandana
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rashidi
authors.forename: Leila
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Safdarian
authors.forename: Fatemeh
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sarvi
authors.forename: Zahra
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Najmi
authors.forename: Alireza
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mobasseri
authors.forename: Behzad
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Amoozgar
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D006063:Chorionic Gonadotropin / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010064:Embryo Implantation; D004624:Embryo Transfer / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005307:Fertilization in Vitro / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007247:Infertility, Female / Q000628:therapy*; D007492:Iran; D011247:Pregnancy; D018873:Pregnancy Rate; D020554:Sperm Injections, Intracytoplasmic / Q000379:methods*; D014599:Uterus
chemical_list: D006063:Chorionic Gonadotropin