title: Foot deformities in children with cerebral palsy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The present article describes common foot deformities in children with cerebral palsy and discusses treatment options for each of those deformities.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Bracing is a useful treatment to correct foot deformities during gait. Surgical correction of foot deformities is typically performed as a part of multilevel single-event gait improvement surgery that has increasingly become the standard of care for ambulatory children with cerebral palsy. Foot realignment may improve knee function during stance, probably because of change of lever arm.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Foot deformities are common among children with cerebral palsy. The three most common among them are equinus, planovalgus and equinovarus/equinocavovarus. Treatment consists of orthotics, physical therapy, spasticity reduction treatment and surgical correction. Guidelines for treatment are individualized and multifactorial. Important considerations include the child's level of function, the severity and flexibility of the deformity, the presence or absence of pain and skin irritation, and the changes in alignment observed over time.
authors.affiliation: aDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel bDepartment of Pediatric Orthopaedic Surgery, Hospital for Special Surgery, NYC, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Paz
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kedem
authors.forename: David M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Scher
mesh_terms: D000843:Ankle Joint / Q000503:physiopathology; D002547:Cerebral Palsy / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005530:Foot Deformities / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D007719:Knee Joint / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery; D009128:Muscle Spasticity / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology*; D009465:Neuromuscular Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019637:Orthopedic Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D016138:Walking
chemical_list: D009465:Neuromuscular Agents