title: Detection and manipulation of phosphoinositides.
abstract: Phosphoinositides (PIs) are minor components of cell membranes, but play key roles in cell function. Recent refinements in techniques for their detection, together with imaging methods to study their distribution and changes, have greatly facilitated the study of these lipids. Such methods have been complemented by the parallel development of techniques for the acute manipulation of their levels, which in turn allow bypassing the long-term adaptive changes implicit in genetic perturbations. Collectively, these advancements have helped elucidate the role of PIs in physiology and the impact of the dysfunction of their metabolism in disease. Combining methods for detection and manipulation enables the identification of specific roles played by each of the PIs and may eventually lead to the complete deconstruction of the PI signaling network. Here, we review current techniques used for the study and manipulation of cellular PIs and also discuss advantages and disadvantages associated with the various methods. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Phosphoinositides.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, BMC Box 571, 75123 Uppsala, Sweden. Electronic address: olof.idevall@mcb.uu.se.
authors.forename: Olof
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Idevall-Hagren
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA. Electronic address: pietro.decamilli@yale.edu.
authors.forename: Pietro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: De Camilli
mesh_terms: D000906:Antibodies / Q000494:pharmacology; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D002855:Chromatography, Thin Layer; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D031541:Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer; D018390:Gene Targeting / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008853:Microscopy; D062308:Optogenetics; D010716:Phosphatidylinositols / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000378:metabolism*; D017853:Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor) / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D000906:Antibodies; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D010716:Phosphatidylinositols; D017853:Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor)
keywords: Cryptochrome; Lipid binding domain; Optical manipulation; Optogenetics; Phosphatidylinositol; Rapamycin