title: Effect of the treatment with Achyrocline satureioides (free and nanocapsules essential oil) and diminazene aceturate on hematological and biochemical parameters in rats infected by Trypanosoma evansi.
abstract: This study aimed to verify the effect of the treatment with A. satureioides essential oil (free and nanoencapsulated forms) and diminazene aceturate on hematological and biochemical variables in rats infected by Trypanosoma evansi. The 56 rats were divided into seven groups with eight rats each. Groups A, C and D were composed by uninfected animals, and groups B, E, F and G were formed by infected rats with T. evansi. Rats from groups A and B were used as negative and positive control, respectively. Rats from the groups C and E were treated with A. satureioides essential oil, and groups D and F were treated with A. satureioides nanoencapsulated essential oil. Groups C, D, E and F received one dose of oil (1.5 mL kg(-1)) during five consecutive days orally. Group G was treated with diminazene aceturate (D.A.) in therapeutic dose (3.5 mg kg(-1)) in an only dose. The blood samples were collected on day 5 PI for analyses of hematological (erythrocytes and leukocytes count, hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit, mean corpuscular and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration) and biochemical (glucose, triglycerides, cholesterol, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), albumin, urea and creatinine) variables. A. satureioides administered was able to maintain low parasitemia, mainly the nanoencapsulated form, on 5 days post infection. On the infected animals with T. evansi treated with A. satureioides essential oil (free and nanocapsules) the number of total leucocytes, lymphocytes and monocytes present was similar to uninfected rats, and different from infected and not-treated animals (leukocytosis). Treatment with A. satureioides in free form elevated levels of ALT and AST, demonstrating liver damage; however, treatment with nanoencapsulated form did not cause elevation of these enzymes. Finally, treatments inhibited the increase in creatinine levels caused by infection for T. evansi. In summary, the nanoencapsulated form showed better activity on the trypanosome; it did not cause liver toxicity and prevented renal damage.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Nanotechnology, Centro Universitário Franciscano, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Guilherme M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Do Carmo
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Laboratory of Cell Culture, Centro Universitário Franciscano, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil. Electronic address: matheusd.biomed@yahoo.com.br.
authors.forename: Matheus D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Baldissera
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Cell Culture, Centro Universitário Franciscano, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rodrigo A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Vaucher
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Nanotechnology, Centro Universitário Franciscano, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Virginia Cielo
authors.initials: VC
authors.lastname: Rech
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Camila B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Cell Culture, Centro Universitário Franciscano, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Michele Rorato
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Sagrillo
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Phytochemistry, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Aline A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Boligon
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Phytochemistry, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Margareth L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Athayde
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Nanotechnology, Centro Universitário Franciscano, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marta P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Alves
authors.affiliation: Department of Small Animals, UFSM, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Raqueli T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: França
authors.affiliation: Department of Small Animals, UFSM, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Sonia T A
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Lopes
authors.affiliation: Section of Veterinary Pathology, Instituto Federal Catarinense, Concórdia, SC, Brazil.
authors.forename: Claiton I
authors.initials: CI
authors.lastname: Schwertz
authors.affiliation: Section of Veterinary Pathology, Instituto Federal Catarinense, Concórdia, SC, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ricardo E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Mendes
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Silvia G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Monteiro
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Chapecó, SC, Brazil. Electronic address: aleksandro_ss@yahoo.com.br.
authors.forename: Aleksandro S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Da Silva
mesh_terms: D036921:Achyrocline / Q000737:chemistry*; D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001774:Blood Chemical Analysis; D004133:Diminazene / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004285:Dogs; D005260:Female; D006403:Hematologic Tests; D007668:Kidney / Q000502:physiology; D008099:Liver / Q000502:physiology; D053769:Nanocapsules; D009822:Oils, Volatile / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018512:Parasitemia / Q000469:parasitology; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D014344:Trypanocidal Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014345:Trypanosoma / Q000187:drug effects; D014352:Trypanosomiasis / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D053769:Nanocapsules; D009822:Oils, Volatile; D010938:Plant Oils; D014344:Trypanocidal Agents; C003915:diminazene aceturate; D004133:Diminazene
keywords: Nanotechnology; Natural product; Trypanosomosis; “Macela”