title: The effects of modified sini decoction on liver injury and regeneration in acute liver failure induced by D-galactosamine in rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Modified sini decoction (MSND) is a well-known traditional Chinese medical formula that has been used to treat cardiovascular and liver diseases for many years. We investigated the effects of MSND on acute liver failure and identified the possible mechanisms of these effects.
  
  
  METHODS
  Acute liver failure was induced by intraperitoneal injection of d-galactosamine (d-GalN) into specific pathogen-free male Wistar rats. Next, the rats were treated with Stronger Neo-Minophagen C and MSND via gavage. Biochemical parameters, histological changes in the liver, the survival of rats and the mRNA levels of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) caspase-3 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  MSND prolonged the survival times of the acute liver failure rats. The biochemical parameters were improved, and necrosis in the liver tissues was reduced by both Stronger Neo-Minophagen C (SNMC) and MSND, but MSND induced greater effects. The mRNA expressions of HMGB1, TLR4, NF-κB, and Caspase-3 were remarkably decreased, and the expression of PCNA was remarkably increased by SNMC and MSND, and the effects of MSND were greater.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MSND protected the liver and increased the survival rate of acute liver failure rats. These effects were likely mediated by the inhibitions of the inflammatory reaction and apoptosis and the promotion of liver tissue regeneration.
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610072, Sichuan, China. Electronic address: 863095714@qq.com.
authors.forename: Jianxing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610072, Sichuan, China.
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610072, Sichuan, China. Electronic address: xiaoyuhu@aliyun.com.
authors.forename: Xiaoyu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610072, Sichuan, China.
authors.forename: Sen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhong
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610072, Sichuan, China.
authors.forename: Guo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610072, Sichuan, China.
authors.forename: Yanyan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610072, Sichuan, China.
authors.forename: Wu
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Department of Abdominal Cancer, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China.
authors.forename: Cheng
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yi
authors.affiliation: Department of Abdominal Cancer, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China.
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhu
mesh_terms: D000410:Alanine Transaminase / Q000097:blood; D000818:Animals; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases / Q000097:blood; D001663:Bilirubin / Q000097:blood; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000235:genetics; D056486:Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D002802:Cholinesterases / Q000097:blood; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005688:Galactosamine; D024243:HMGB1 Protein / Q000235:genetics; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology / Q000502:physiology; D017114:Liver Failure, Acute / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000235:genetics; D008517:Phytotherapy; D020011:Protective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011517:Prothrombin Time; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012038:Regeneration / Q000187:drug effects; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4 / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; D024243:HMGB1 Protein; C104200:Hbp1 protein, rat; D016328:NF-kappa B; D020011:Protective Agents; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C495347:Tlr4 protein, rat; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4; C000601817:modified sini; D005688:Galactosamine; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases; D000410:Alanine Transaminase; D002802:Cholinesterases; C505410:Casp3 protein, rat; D053148:Caspase 3; D001663:Bilirubin
keywords: Apoptosis; HE staining; Inflammation; Liver function; RT-PCR