title: Transperineal template-guided prostate biopsy: 10 years of experience.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the efficacy and safety of transperineal template-guided prostate biopsy.
  
  
  METHODS
  From December 2003 to December 2013, a total of 3 007 patients (30-91 years old, mean age 69.1) who met the inclusion criteria underwent 11-region transrectal ultrasound-guided transperineal template prostate biopsy. The inclusion criteria included a prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level of 4.0 ng/mL or greater and abnormal prostate gland findings on digital rectal examination, ultrasound, CT or MRI. The median PSA level was 11.0 ng/mL (range 0.2-100 ng/mL). The prostate cancer detection rate and prostate biopsy adverse effects, as well as prostate cancer spatial distribution were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A mean of 19.3 cores (range 11-44) were obtained for each biopsy, and more cores were obtained in larger prostates than in smaller ones. One to four cores were collected from each region. Prostate cancer was detected in 1 067 of the 3 007 patients (35.5%). The prostate cancer detection rates in groups with PSA levels of 0-4.0 ng/mL, 4.1-10.0 ng/mL, 10.1-20.0 ng/mL, 20.1-50.0 ng/mL, and 50.1-100.0 ng/mL were 15.3% (27/176), 21.0% (248/1 179), 32.6% (318/975), 56.0% (232/414), and 92.0% (241/262), respectively. The mean positives for cancer in regions 1-10 and region 11 (the apical region) were 46.7% vs 52.0% (P = 0.014). Regarding adverse effects, 47.0% of the patients reported hematuria, 6.1% developed hemospermia, 1.9% required short-term catheterization after biopsy because of acute urinary retention, and 0.03% (one patient) developed urosepsis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Transrectal ultrasound-guided transperineal template prostate biopsy is safe and accurate. The current study suggests that prostate carcinoma foci are more frequently localized in the apical region.
authors.affiliation: The Department of Urology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China.
authors.forename: Zhipeng
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Mai
authors.affiliation: The Department of Urology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China.
authors.forename: Weigang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.affiliation: The Department of Urology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China.
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: The Department of Urology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China.
authors.forename: Zhien
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: The Department of Urology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China.
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: The Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China.
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.affiliation: The Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China.
authors.forename: Zhiyong
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.affiliation: The Department of Urology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China.
authors.forename: Zhigang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Ji
authors.affiliation: The Department of Urology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China.
authors.forename: Hanzhong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001707:Biopsy, Needle / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D051517:Digital Rectal Examination; D006417:Hematuria / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D061705:Image-Guided Biopsy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D060787:Neoplasm Grading; D009929:Organ Size; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000378:metabolism; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D018084:Ultrasonography, Interventional / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen
keywords: biopsy; prostate cancer; template; transperineal