title: Normal discrimination of spatial frequency and contrast across visual hemifields in left-onset Parkinson's disease: evidence against perceptual hemifield biases.
abstract: Individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD) with symptom onset on the left side of the body (LPD) show a mild type of left-sided visuospatial neglect, whereas those with right-onset (RPD) generally do not. The functional mechanisms underlying these observations are unknown. Two hypotheses are that the representation of left-space in LPD is either compressed or reduced in salience. We tested these hypotheses psychophysically. Participants were 31 non-demented adults with PD (15 LPD, 16 RPD) and 17 normal control adults (NC). The spatial compression hypothesis was tested by showing two sinusoidal gratings, side by side. One grating's spatial frequency (SF) was varied across trials, following a staircase procedure, whereas the comparison grating was held at a constant SF. While fixating on a central target, participants estimated the point at which they perceived the two gratings to be equal in SF. The reduced salience hypothesis was tested in a similar way, but by manipulating the contrast of the test grating rather than its SF. There were no significant differences between groups in the degree of bias across hemifields for SF discrimination or for contrast discrimination. Results did not support either the spatial compression hypothesis or the reduced salience hypothesis. Instead, they suggest that at this perceptual level, LPD do not have a systematically biased way of representing space in the left hemifield that differs from healthy individuals, nor do they perceive stimuli on the left as less salient than stimuli on the right. Neglect-like syndrome in LPD instead presumably arises from dysfunction of higher-order attention.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, USA.
authors.forename: Daniel J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Norton
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, USA.
authors.forename: Abhishek
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jaywant
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, USA.
authors.forename: Xavier
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Gallart-Palau
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, USA. Electronic address: alicecg@bu.edu.
authors.forename: Alice
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cronin-Golomb
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015350:Contrast Sensitivity / Q000502:physiology*; D004192:Discrimination, Psychological / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013028:Space Perception / Q000502:physiology*; D014794:Visual Fields / Q000502:physiology*
keywords: Hemineglect; Hemiparkinsonism; LPD; Parkinsonism; Perception; Visuospatial neglect