title: Dynamic changes of interictal post-spike slow waves toward seizure onset in focal cortical dysplasia type II.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A post-spike slow wave (PSS) as part of a spike and slow wave is presumably related to inhibition of epileptic activity. In this study, we evaluated dynamic changes of PSS power toward seizure onset in patients with focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) type II.
  
  
  METHODS
  We collected data from 10 pediatric patients with FCD type II, who underwent invasive monitoring with subdural grids. The PSS were averaged based on spike-triggering in 30s epochs during both interictal and preictal periods. We quantitatively measured and compared PSS power and distribution between interictal and preictal periods, both within and outside the seizure onset zone (SOZ).
  
  
  RESULTS
  PSS power was significantly higher in all areas during preictal period compared with interictal period. During preictal period, PSS power within SOZ was significantly higher than outside SOZ. From interictal to preictal period, the number of electrodes with high power PSS significantly increased within SOZ and decreased outside SOZ.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Toward seizure onset, PSS power increased in all areas, predominantly within SOZ, and became confined into SOZ in a subset of FCD type II patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Preictal PSS power increase and confinement into SOZ accompany transition to seizures.
authors.affiliation: Division of Neurology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ont., Canada.
authors.forename: Yosuke
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ont., Canada; Neuroscience & Mental Health Program, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Ont., Canada; Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada; Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada.
authors.forename: Sam M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Doesburg
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ont., Canada; Neuroscience & Mental Health Program, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Ont., Canada.
authors.forename: Simeon M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.affiliation: Division of Neurology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ont., Canada.
authors.forename: Tohru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Okanishi
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ont., Canada.
authors.forename: Ryan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.affiliation: Division of Neurology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ont., Canada.
authors.forename: Dragos A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Nita
authors.affiliation: Division of Neurology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ont., Canada.
authors.forename: Ayako
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ochi
authors.affiliation: Division of Neurology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ont., Canada. Electronic address: hiroshi.otsubo@sickkids.ca.
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Otsubo
mesh_terms: D000200:Action Potentials / Q000502:physiology; D000293:Adolescent; D058256:Brain Waves / Q000502:physiology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000639:trends; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D054081:Malformations of Cortical Development, Group II / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012640:Seizures / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology*
keywords: Focal cortical dysplasia; Interictal spike; Post-spike slow wave; Preictal period; Seizure onset zone