title: The effect of framing and normative messages in building support for climate policies.
abstract: Deep cuts in greenhouse gas emissions are required to mitigate climate change. However, there is low willingness amongst the public to prioritise climate policies for reducing emissions. Here we show that the extent to which Australians are prepared to reduce their country's CO2 emissions is greater when the costs to future national income are framed as a "foregone-gain"--incomes rise in the future but not by as much as in the absence of emission cuts--rather than as a "loss"--incomes decrease relative to the baseline expected future levels (Studies 1 & 2). The provision of a normative message identifying Australia as one of the world's largest CO2 emitters did not increase the amount by which individuals were prepared to reduce emissions (Study 1), whereas a normative message revealing the emission policy preferences of other Australians did (Study 2). The results suggest that framing the costs of reducing emissions as a smaller increase in future income and communicating normative information about others' emission policy preferences are effective methods for leveraging public support for emission cuts.
authors.affiliation: School of Psychology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia; Centre for Environment and Life Sciences, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Floreat, Australia.
authors.forename: Mark J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Hurlstone
authors.affiliation: School of Psychology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia; Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Stephan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lewandowsky
authors.affiliation: School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
authors.forename: Ben R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Newell
authors.affiliation: School of Psychology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia.
authors.forename: Brittany
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sewell
mesh_terms: D001315:Australia; D058572:Carbon Footprint / Q000191:economics / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence; D057231:Climate Change / Q000191:economics; D058735:Environmental Policy / Q000191:economics / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence; D017752:Greenhouse Effect / Q000191:economics / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence; D011640:Public Policy