title: Adenoviruses as gene/vaccine delivery vectors: promises and pitfalls.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Adenoviruses (Ads) have attracted researchers from across the disciplines for several reasons. Their ability to recombine with and express the heterologous genes encouraged their development as gene/vaccine delivery vectors. Preclinical and clinical trials using these vectors have shown significant promise for their future development while highlighting certain limitations.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ad vector development, clinical application of these vectors in gene therapy and vaccine development, and promises that these vectors offered for future development are discussed. Also, various factors affecting their in vivo efficacy as well as the strategies being pursued to overcome these obstacles are described.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Decades of efforts have resulted in understanding various aspects of human Ad 5 biology as well as the in vivo behavior of vectors derived from this serotype. While this vector has shown great potential, some of the limitations highlighted in recent studies have reinforced the quest for an ideal vector derived from novel Ads. Combinatorial approaches to address the various limitations of the existing vectors must be pursued to develop novel vectors with enhanced clinical potential.
authors.affiliation: Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Research Centre , 496, Udyog Vihar Phase III, Gurgaon 122 016 , India +91 124 2876301 ; +91 124 2876402 ; vrati@thsti.res.in.
authors.forename: Mohan Babu
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Appaiahgari
authors.forename: Sudhanshu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vrati
mesh_terms: D000256:Adenoviridae / Q000235:genetics*; D000818:Animals; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems / Q000379:methods / Q000639:trends; D018014:Gene Transfer Techniques / Q000639:trends; D015316:Genetic Therapy / Q000379:methods* / Q000639:trends; D005822:Genetic Vectors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D014765:Viral Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D014765:Viral Vaccines
keywords: PEGylation; adenovirus; gene therapy; hexon; immunogenicity; oncolytic adenovirus; penton base; protein IX; tissue tropism; vaccination