title: Alginate-based emulsion template containing high oil loading stabilized by nonionic surfactants.
abstract: Oil-in-water (O/W) emulsion-gel systems containing high oil payloads are of increasing interest for food applications because of the reduction in encapsulation cost, consumption frequency or volume of food products. This study shows a facile approach to prepare stable alginate-based O/W emulsions at high oil loading using a mixture of nonionic surfactants (Tween 80 and Span 20) as a template to form gelled-emulsions. The synergistic effects of alginate and surfactants on the O/W emulsion properties were evaluated in terms of oil droplet size and emulsion stability. At 2% (w/v) of alginate and 1% (w/v) of surfactants, the size distribution of oil droplets was narrow and monomodal, even at an oil loading of 70% (v/v). The emulsions formed were stable against phase separation. The oil droplet size could be further reduced to below 1 μm using a high-shear homogenizer. The emulsions formed could be easily molded and gelled into solids of different shapes via ionic gelation. The findings of this study create possible avenues for applications in food industries.
authors.affiliation: Chemical Engineering Discipline, School of Engineering, Monash Univ. Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 46150, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia. Multidisciplinary.
authors.forename: Wan-Ding
authors.initials: WD
authors.lastname: Ong
authors.forename: Beng-Ti
authors.initials: BT
authors.lastname: Tey
authors.forename: Siew Young
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Quek
authors.forename: Siah-Ying
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: Eng-Seng
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Chan
mesh_terms: D000464:Alginates / Q000737:chemistry*; D004655:Emulsions; D005782:Gels / Q000737:chemistry; D020723:Glucuronic Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D006601:Hexoses / Q000737:chemistry; D006603:Hexuronic Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D011136:Polysorbates / Q000737:chemistry; D013501:Surface-Active Agents / Q000737:chemistry*; D014783:Viscosity
chemical_list: D000464:Alginates; D004655:Emulsions; D005782:Gels; D006601:Hexoses; D006603:Hexuronic Acids; D011136:Polysorbates; D013501:Surface-Active Agents; C014822:sorbitan monolaurate; D020723:Glucuronic Acid
keywords: alginate; emulsion; emulsion stability; nonionic surfactants; oil droplet size