title: Impact of a 6-wk olive oil supplementation in healthy adults on urinary proteomic biomarkers of coronary artery disease, chronic kidney disease, and diabetes (types 1 and 2): a randomized, parallel, controlled, double-blind study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Olive oil (OO) consumption is associated with cardiovascular disease prevention because of both its oleic acid and phenolic contents. The capacity of OO phenolics to protect against low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation is the basis for a health claim by the European Food Safety Authority. Proteomic biomarkers enable an early, presymptomatic diagnosis of disease, which makes them important and effective, but understudied, tools for primary prevention.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We evaluated the impact of supplementation with OO, either low or high in phenolics, on urinary proteomic biomarkers of coronary artery disease (CAD), chronic kidney disease (CKD), and diabetes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Self-reported healthy participants (n = 69) were randomly allocated (stratified block random assignment) according to age and body mass index to supplementation with a daily 20-mL dose of OO either low or high in phenolics (18 compared with 286 mg caffeic acid equivalents per kg, respectively) for 6 wk. Urinary proteomic biomarkers were measured at baseline and 3 and 6 wk alongside blood lipids, the antioxidant capacity, and glycation markers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The consumption of both OOs improved the proteomic CAD score at endpoint compared with baseline (mean improvement: -0.3 for low-phenolic OO and -0.2 for high-phenolic OO; P < 0.01) but not CKD or diabetes proteomic biomarkers. However, there was no difference between groups for changes in proteomic biomarkers or any secondary outcomes including plasma triacylglycerols, oxidized LDL, and LDL cholesterol.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In comparison with low-phenolic OO, supplementation for 6 wk with high-phenolic OO does not lead to an improvement in cardiovascular health markers in a healthy cohort.
authors.affiliation: From the Analytical Services Unit, Instituto de Biologia Experimental Tecnologica, Oeiras, Portugal (SS and MRB); the Analytical Chemistry Department, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Oeiras, Portugal (SS and MRB); the Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal (SS and MRB); the Research Institute for Medicines and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal (MRB and MEF); Mosaiques Diagnostics AG, Hannover, Germany (JS and HM); and Human Nutrition, School of Medicine (EC) and the Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences (WM), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.affiliation: From the Analytical Services Unit, Instituto de Biologia Experimental Tecnologica, Oeiras, Portugal (SS and MRB); the Analytical Chemistry Department, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Oeiras, Portugal (SS and MRB); the Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal (SS and MRB); the Research Institute for Medicines and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal (MRB and MEF); Mosaiques Diagnostics AG, Hannover, Germany (JS and HM); and Human Nutrition, School of Medicine (EC) and the Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences (WM), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Maria R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Bronze
authors.affiliation: From the Analytical Services Unit, Instituto de Biologia Experimental Tecnologica, Oeiras, Portugal (SS and MRB); the Analytical Chemistry Department, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Oeiras, Portugal (SS and MRB); the Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal (SS and MRB); the Research Institute for Medicines and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal (MRB and MEF); Mosaiques Diagnostics AG, Hannover, Germany (JS and HM); and Human Nutrition, School of Medicine (EC) and the Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences (WM), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Maria E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Figueira
authors.forename: Justyna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Siwy
authors.affiliation: From the Analytical Services Unit, Instituto de Biologia Experimental Tecnologica, Oeiras, Portugal (SS and MRB); the Analytical Chemistry Department, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Oeiras, Portugal (SS and MRB); the Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal (SS and MRB); the Research Institute for Medicines and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal (MRB and MEF); Mosaiques Diagnostics AG, Hannover, Germany (JS and HM); and Human Nutrition, School of Medicine (EC) and the Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences (WM), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Justina
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Siwy
authors.affiliation: From the Analytical Services Unit, Instituto de Biologia Experimental Tecnologica, Oeiras, Portugal (SS and MRB); the Analytical Chemistry Department, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Oeiras, Portugal (SS and MRB); the Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal (SS and MRB); the Research Institute for Medicines and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal (MRB and MEF); Mosaiques Diagnostics AG, Hannover, Germany (JS and HM); and Human Nutrition, School of Medicine (EC) and the Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences (WM), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Harald
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mischak
authors.affiliation: From the Analytical Services Unit, Instituto de Biologia Experimental Tecnologica, Oeiras, Portugal (SS and MRB); the Analytical Chemistry Department, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Oeiras, Portugal (SS and MRB); the Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal (SS and MRB); the Research Institute for Medicines and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal (MRB and MEF); Mosaiques Diagnostics AG, Hannover, Germany (JS and HM); and Human Nutrition, School of Medicine (EC) and the Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences (WM), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Emilie
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Combet
authors.affiliation: From the Analytical Services Unit, Instituto de Biologia Experimental Tecnologica, Oeiras, Portugal (SS and MRB); the Analytical Chemistry Department, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Oeiras, Portugal (SS and MRB); the Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal (SS and MRB); the Research Institute for Medicines and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal (MRB and MEF); Mosaiques Diagnostics AG, Hannover, Germany (JS and HM); and Human Nutrition, School of Medicine (EC) and the Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences (WM), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Mullen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000652:urine; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000652:urine; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000652:urine; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000652:urine; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000150:complications / Q000517:prevention & control*; D038441:Diet, Mediterranean; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D055951:Functional Food / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D000069463:Olive Oil; D010636:Phenols / Q000032:analysis / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011507:Proteinuria / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000652:urine; D012307:Risk Factors; D012606:Scotland / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D000069463:Olive Oil; D010636:Phenols; D010938:Plant Oils
keywords: Mediterranean diet; coronary artery disease; olive oil; phenolics; proteomic biomarkers