title: Interferon induction by RNA viruses and antagonism by viral pathogens.
abstract: Interferons are a group of small proteins that play key roles in host antiviral innate immunity. Their induction mainly relies on host pattern recognition receptors (PRR). Host PRR for RNA viruses include Toll-like receptors (TLR) and retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I) like receptors (RLR). Activation of both TLR and RLR pathways can eventually lead to the secretion of type I IFNs, which can modulate both innate and adaptive immune responses against viral pathogens. Because of the important roles of interferons, viruses have evolved multiple strategies to evade host TLR and RLR mediated signaling. This review focuses on the mechanisms of interferon induction and antagonism of the antiviral strategy by RNA viruses.
authors.affiliation: Molecular Virology Laboratory, VA-MD College of Veterinary Medicine and Maryland Pathogen Research Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA. nyc@umd.edu.
authors.forename: Yuchen
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nan
authors.affiliation: Molecular Virology Laboratory, VA-MD College of Veterinary Medicine and Maryland Pathogen Research Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA. ngx1215@126.com.
authors.forename: Guoxin
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Nan
authors.affiliation: Molecular Virology Laboratory, VA-MD College of Veterinary Medicine and Maryland Pathogen Research Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA. zhangyj@umd.edu.
authors.forename: Yan-Jin
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions; D006801:Humans; D057131:Immune Evasion; D007370:Interferon Type I / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D012327:RNA Virus Infections / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology; D012328:RNA Viruses / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D051192:Receptors, Pattern Recognition / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D007370:Interferon Type I; D051192:Receptors, Pattern Recognition