title: The Effect of Systemic Delivery of Aminoguanidine versus Doxycycline on the Resorptive Phase of Alveolar Bone Following modified Widman Flap in Diabetic Rats: A Histopathological and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Aminoguanidine (guanylhydrazinehydrochloride) is a drug that prevents many of the classical systemic complications of diabetes including diabetic osteopenia through its inhibitory activity on the accumulation of advanced glycation end -products (AGEs). The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of aminoguanidine versus doxycycline in reducing alveolar bone resorption following mucoperiosteal flap in diabetic rats, using the conventional histopathology and scanning electron microscope (SEM).
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-seven male albino rats were used in this study. Periodontal defects were induced experimentally on lower anterior teeth. All rats were subjected to induction of diabetes, by IV injection of the pancreatic B-cells toxin alloxan monohydrate. After eight weeks following the establishment of periodontal defects in all rats, the ligation was removed and 3 rats were scarified as negative control (group 1). The remaining animals were divided into three group based on treatment applied following mucoperiosteal flap surgery. Group 2 received saline treatment only, group 3 received doxycycline periostat (1.5 mg/kg/day) for 3 weeks, and group 4 received aminoguanidine (7.3 mmol/kg) for 3 weeks. The fasting glucose level was measured weekly post operatively. After 21 days all rats were sacrificed. Three anterior parts of the mandible of each group was prepared for histopathological examination and two parts were prepared for SEM.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Aminoguanidine treated group (group 4) showed statistically significant increased new bone formation, higher number of osteoblasts and decrease osteoclasts number, resorptive lacunae and existing inflammatory cell infiltration as compared to positive control group (group 2) (P<0.05). Doxycycline was also effective in reducing bone loss as documental by histopathological study.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study showed that aminoguanidine was significantly effective in reducing alveolar bone loss and can modify the detrimental effects of diabetes in alveolar bone resorption.
authors.affiliation: Professor of Periodontology, Basic and Clinical Oral Sciences Department, College of Dentistry, Umm al Qurra University, Makkah al Mokrama.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tella
authors.affiliation: Assistance Professor of Periodontology, Basic and Clinical Oral Sciences Department, College of Dentistry, Umm al Qurra University, Makkah al Mokrama.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Aldahlawi
authors.affiliation: Professor of Oral Pathology, Basic and Clinical Oral Sciences department, College of Dentistry, Umm al Qurra University, Makkah al Mokrama.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Eldeeb
authors.affiliation: Professor of Oral Pathology, Maxillofacial Surgery & Diagnostic Sciences Department, College of Dentistry, Qassim University.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: El Gazaerly