title: Effects of extracts of leaves from Sparattosperma leucanthum on hyperuricemia and gouty arthritis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The species Sparattosperma leucanthum (Vell.) K. Schum is used in Brazilian folk medicine to treat rheumatism, throat ulcers, stomatitis, syphilis, bladder stones and as blood cleanser. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential, in vitro and in vivo, of the extracts of leaves from Sparattosperma leucanthum to treat hyperuricemia and inflammation in the gouty arthritis model.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ethyl acetate extract (SLE), methanolic extract (SLM) and aqueous extract (SLW) were evaluated in vitro on XO inhibitory activity and in vivo in an experimental model with oxonate-induced hyperuricemia in mice which was used to evaluate anti-hyperuricemic activity and liver xanthine oxidase (XOD) inhibition. Anti-inflammatory activity was also investigated on MSU crystal-induced paw edema model.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sparattosperma leucanthum crude extracts showed expressive results on urate-lowering activity in blood. SLW at the dose of 125 mg/kg has proved to be active in reducing hyperuricemia and was capable to inhibit the hepatic xanthine oxidase enzyme (XOD). SLM showed anti-hyperuricemic activity on all doses tested; however, this extract showed activity on the XOD only at the dose of 500 mg/kg. SLE, at the three evaluated doses, has proved to be active in reducing hyperuricemia in vivo and was able to inhibit XO activity in vitro at the concentration of 100 µg/mL. This extract was also able to inhibit XOD activity in vivo at the doses of 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg. SLE (125 and 250 mg/kg) and SLW (500 mg/kg) showed significant anti-inflammatory activity on monosodium urate crystal-induced paw edema model.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The ethyl acetate, methanolic and aqueous extracts of Sparattosperma leucanthum showed significant results on evaluated models and therefore may be important agents for the treatment of gouty arthritis and hyperuricemia.
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Plantas Medicinais, Escola de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Campus Morro do Cruzeiro, s/n. Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais CEP 35400-000, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rita de Cássia
authors.initials: Rde C
authors.lastname: Lemos Lima
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Plantas Medicinais, Escola de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Campus Morro do Cruzeiro, s/n. Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais CEP 35400-000, Brazil.
authors.forename: Fernanda Cristina
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Ferrari
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Plantas Medicinais, Escola de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Campus Morro do Cruzeiro, s/n. Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais CEP 35400-000, Brazil.
authors.forename: Maíra Ribeiro
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: de Souza
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Plantas Medicinais, Escola de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Campus Morro do Cruzeiro, s/n. Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais CEP 35400-000, Brazil.
authors.forename: Bruna Maria
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: de Sá Pereira
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Plantas Medicinais, Escola de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Campus Morro do Cruzeiro, s/n. Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais CEP 35400-000, Brazil.
authors.forename: Carmen Aparecida
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: de Paula
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Plantas Medicinais, Escola de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Campus Morro do Cruzeiro, s/n. Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais CEP 35400-000, Brazil. Electronic address: saude@ef.ufop.br.
authors.forename: Dênia Antunes
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Saúde-Guimarães
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015210:Arthritis, Gouty / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy*; D029402:Bignoniaceae; D006074:Gout Suppressants / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D033461:Hyperuricemia / Q000097:blood / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D010094:Oxonic Acid; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018515:Plant Leaves; D014527:Uric Acid / Q000097:blood; D014969:Xanthine Oxidase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D006074:Gout Suppressants; D010936:Plant Extracts; D014527:Uric Acid; D010094:Oxonic Acid; D014969:Xanthine Oxidase
keywords: Gout; Hyperuricemia; Inflammation; Sparattosperma leucanthum; Xanthine oxidase