title: 1H-MRS of the anterior cingulate cortex in childhood and adolescent obsessive-compulsive disorder: a case-control study.
abstract: Abnormal glutamate concentrations in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) have been identified in children and adults with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). The purpose of the present study was to measure in vivo (1)H-MRS neurometabolite concentrations in the ACC of children and adolescents with OCD, in order to identify metabolite abnormalities compared to healthy controls and to assess their relationship with clinical variables. 3T proton-magnetic resonance spectroscopy was used to probe ACC biochemistry in 47 paediatric and adolescent OCD patients (11-18 years old) compared to 31 healthy subjects of similar age, sex and estimated intellectual quotient. There were no significant differences in the concentration of glutamate plus glutamine (Glx) adjusted for CSF between OCD patients and healthy controls [F1,74=0.00; P=0.943], but there were significant differences in the concentration of Glx adjusted for CSF in paediatric and adolescent OCD patients according to duration of illness (less than or more than 24 months) [F2,73=3.95; P=0.024]. In addition, we found significantly lower levels of myo-inositol adjusted for CSF in the ACC [F1,74=5.686; P=0.02] in patients compared with controls. The present findings do not confirm the hypothesis of differences in Glx concentrations in the ACC between children and adolescents with OCD and healthy controls; however, the observation of differences in the Glx concentration in children and adolescent OCD patients depending on the duration of illness is of interest.
authors.affiliation: Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, Institute of Neurosciences, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Spain. Electronic address: aeortiz@clinic.ub.es.
authors.forename: A E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Ortiz
authors.affiliation: Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, Institute of Neurosciences, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: A G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Ortiz
authors.affiliation: Centro de Investigación Nacional en Red en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, CIBER-BBN, Spain.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Falcon
authors.affiliation: Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, Institute of Neurosciences, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental CIBERSAM, Spain.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Morer
authors.affiliation: Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, Institute of Neurosciences, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: M T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Plana
authors.affiliation: Image diagnostic Center, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental CIBERSAM, Spain; Medical Image Core Facility, IDIBAPS (Institut d׳Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer), Spain.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bargalló
authors.affiliation: Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, Institute of Neurosciences, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental CIBERSAM, Spain; Medical Image Core Facility, IDIBAPS (Institut d׳Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer), Spain; Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychobiology, Health Sciences Division, University of Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lázaro
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001224:Aspartic Acid / Q000378:metabolism*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000378:metabolism*; D005973:Glutamine / Q000378:metabolism; D006179:Gyrus Cinguli / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007294:Inositol; D008297:Male; D009771:Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder / Q000473:pathology*; D066244:Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales
chemical_list: D005973:Glutamine; D001224:Aspartic Acid; D018698:Glutamic Acid; D007294:Inositol
keywords: Children and adolescents; Glutamate; Magnetic resonance spectroscopy; Obsessive–compulsive disorder