title: Hematological values for adult eastern Hermann's tortoise (Testudo hermanni boettgeri) in semi-natural conditions.
abstract: Hermann's tortoise (Testudo hermanni) is considered near threatened in the wild but, by contrast, it is one of the most popular pet tortoises in Europe. Scant data is reported in the veterinary literature on hematological values for T. hermanni and, to our knowledge, none focused on the subspecies boettgeri (eastern Hermann's tortoise). Published reports are based on small sample populations, and confusion arises when comparing the sampling sites, the anticoagulants, and the counting methods used. The purpose of the current study was to establish the normal mean values and reference intervals for the main hematological parameters for captive adult T. hermanni boettgeri and to evaluate the reliability of a semiautomated blood analyzer for red blood cell count and hematocrit determination. Blood values were determined in 23 adult tortoises using a Neubauer chamber with Natt and Herrick solution; red blood cells and hematocrit were also measured using a semiautomated blood analyzer. Statistical analysis included descriptive statistics, differences between sexes, and agreement between the counting methods. Reference intervals were calculated with the robust method. Wilcoxon signed rank test with continuity correction was used to investigate differences between sexes, and Bland-Altman analysis was performed to compare manual versus semiautomated values. Red blood cells, hematocrit, and hemoglobin determinations were significantly higher in males than in females. White blood cell counts did not show any sex variability. The agreement of manual versus semiautomated determination was considered acceptable for clinical use.
authors.affiliation: Private practice Michelangelo, Novara, Italy (Bielli)Veterinary Clinic Modena Sud, Spilamberto, Modena, Italy (Nardini)Clinic for Exotic Animals, Centro Veterinario Specialistico, Rome, Italy (Di Girolamo)Private practitioner, Turin, Italy (Savarino) biellimattia@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Mattia
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bielli
authors.affiliation: Private practice Michelangelo, Novara, Italy (Bielli)Veterinary Clinic Modena Sud, Spilamberto, Modena, Italy (Nardini)Clinic for Exotic Animals, Centro Veterinario Specialistico, Rome, Italy (Di Girolamo)Private practitioner, Turin, Italy (Savarino).
authors.forename: Giordano
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Nardini
authors.affiliation: Private practice Michelangelo, Novara, Italy (Bielli)Veterinary Clinic Modena Sud, Spilamberto, Modena, Italy (Nardini)Clinic for Exotic Animals, Centro Veterinario Specialistico, Rome, Italy (Di Girolamo)Private practitioner, Turin, Italy (Savarino).
authors.forename: Nicola
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Di Girolamo
authors.affiliation: Private practice Michelangelo, Novara, Italy (Bielli)Veterinary Clinic Modena Sud, Spilamberto, Modena, Italy (Nardini)Clinic for Exotic Animals, Centro Veterinario Specialistico, Rome, Italy (Di Girolamo)Private practitioner, Turin, Italy (Savarino).
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Savarino
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001772:Blood Cell Count / Q000662:veterinary; D005260:Female; D006403:Hematologic Tests / Q000662:veterinary*; D007558:Italy; D008297:Male; D012016:Reference Values; D014426:Turtles / Q000097:blood*
keywords: Blood sampling; Hermann’s tortoise; Testudo hermanni boettgeri; chelonian; hematology