title: Sports-related genitourinary injuries presenting to United States emergency departments.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe epidemiologic features of sports-related genitourinary (GU) injuries and determine patient cohorts and particular sporting activities associated with increased GU injury risk.
  
  
  METHODS
  The National Electronic Injury Surveillance System, a data set validated to provide a probability sample of injury-related US emergency department (ED) presentations, was analyzed to characterize GU injuries between 2002 and 2010. A total of 13,851 observations were analyzed to derive national estimates.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Between 2002 and 2010, an estimated 137,525 individuals (95% confidence interval, 104,490-170,620) presented to US EDs with GU injuries sustained during sporting activities. Nearly three-quarters of injuries occurred in the pediatric population. The most common product involved was a bicycle, representing approximately one-third of injuries in both adult and pediatric populations. Injuries related to team sports such as football, baseball or softball, basketball, and soccer were also common, particularly among boys where they represented a combined third of all injuries. Eighty-nine percent of all patients were evaluated and treated in the ED without inpatient admission. The large majority of injuries involved the external genitalia (60%), and significant injuries of paired GU organs (kidneys and testicles) requiring inpatient admission were rare (8.5%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Sports-related GU injuries are most commonly sustained during the use of a bicycle. However, there are other associated activities with identifiable high-risk cohorts, products, and situations. Consumers, practitioners, and injury-prevention experts can use our epidemiologic data to prioritize and develop strategies aimed at the prevention and limitation of such injuries, particularly when counseling at-risk cohorts, such as those with solitary kidneys or testicles.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA. Electronic address: hermanbagga@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Herman S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Bagga
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA.
authors.forename: Patrick B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Fisher
authors.affiliation: Division of Urology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA.
authors.forename: Gregory E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Tasian
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA.
authors.forename: Sarah D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Blaschko
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA.
authors.forename: Charles E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: McCulloch
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA.
authors.forename: Jack W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: McAninch
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA.
authors.forename: Benjamin N
authors.initials: BN
authors.lastname: Breyer
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001265:Athletic Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D018570:Risk Assessment; D014481:United States; D014566:Urogenital System / Q000293:injuries*; D055815:Young Adult