title: Macroscopic three-dimensional particle location using stereoscopic imaging and astigmatic aberrations.
abstract: This Letter presents a stereoscopic imaging concept for measuring the locations of particles in three-dimensional space. The method is derived from astigmatism particle tracking velocimetry (APTV), a powerful technique that is capable of determining 3D particle locations with a single camera. APTV locates particle xy coordinates with high accuracy, while the particle z coordinate has a larger location uncertainty. This is not a problem for 3D2C (i.e., three dimensions, two velocity components) measurements, but for highly three-dimensional flows, it is desirable to measure three velocity components with similar accuracy. The stereoscopic APTV approach discussed in this report has this capability. The technique employs APTV for giving an initial estimate of the particle locations. With this information, corresponding particle images on both sensors of the stereoscopic imaging system are matched. Particle locations are then determined by mapping the two particle image sensor locations to physical space. The measurement error of stereo APTV, determined by acquiring images of 1-μm DEHS particles in a 40 mm×40 mm×20 mm measurement volume in air at Δxyz→0 between two frames, is less than 0.012 mm for xy and 0.025 mm for z. This error analysis proves the excellent suitability of stereo APTV for the measurement of three-dimensional flows in macroscopic domains.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fuchs
authors.forename: Rainer
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hain
authors.forename: Christian J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Kähler