title: Surface-structured bacterial cellulose with guided assembly-based biolithography (GAB).
abstract: A powerful replica molding methodology to transfer on-demand functional topographies to the surface of bacterial cellulose nanofiber textures is presented. With this method, termed guided assembly-based biolithography (GAB), a surface-structured polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) mold is introduced at the gas-liquid interface of an Acetobacter xylinum culture. Upon bacterial fermentation, the generated bacterial cellulose nanofibers are assembled in a three-dimensional network reproducing the geometric shape imposed by the mold. Additionally, GAB yields directional alignment of individual nanofibers and memory of the transferred geometrical features upon dehydration and rehydration of the substrates. Scanning electron and atomic force microscopy are used to establish the good fidelity of this facile and affordable method. Interaction of surface-structured bacterial cellulose substrates with human fibroblasts and keratinocytes illustrates the efficient control of cellular activities which are fundamental in skin wound healing and tissue regeneration. The deployment of surface-structured bacterial cellulose substrates in model animals as skin wound dressing or body implant further proves the high durability and low inflammatory response to the material over a period of 21 days, demonstrating beneficial effects of surface structure on skin regeneration.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Thermodynamics in Emerging Technologies, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich , Sonneggstrasse 3, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Simone
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bottan
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Robotti
authors.forename: Prageeth
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Jayathissa
authors.forename: Alicia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hegglin
authors.forename: Nicolas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bahamonde
authors.forename: José A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Heredia-Guerrero
authors.forename: Ilker S
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Bayer
authors.forename: Alice
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Scarpellini
authors.forename: Hannes
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Merker
authors.forename: Nicole
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Lindenblatt
authors.forename: Dimos
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Poulikakos
authors.forename: Aldo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ferrari
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002482:Cellulose / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D004129:Dimethylpolysiloxanes / Q000737:chemistry; D005285:Fermentation; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000187:drug effects; D041822:Gluconacetobacter xylinus / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D015603:Keratinocytes / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D057139:Nanofibers / Q000737:chemistry*; D036103:Nanotechnology / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods*; D012867:Skin / Q000187:drug effects; D013499:Surface Properties; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds / Q000737:chemistry; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D004129:Dimethylpolysiloxanes; C013830:baysilon; D002482:Cellulose
keywords: bacterial cellulose; contact guidance; fibroblasts; keratinocytes; topography