title: [National nutrition surveys and dietary changes in Iceland. Economic differences in healthy eating].
abstract: Here we compare results on food and nutrient intake from the two most recent Icelandic national nutrition surveys from 2010/11 and 2002 and compare intake of energy giving nutrients from 1990. Finally we assess associations beween a healthy diet and difficulties people have in making ends meet.
  
  
  
  Participants were selected by a random sample from the national register. Final sample was 1912 individuals in 2010/11 and 1934 in 2002, response rate 68.6% and 70.6% respectively. Diet was assessed by 24-hour recall. Results from the surveys were calculated using t-test and sssociations between a healthy diet and difficulties making ends meet by linear regression.
  
  
  
  Consumption of bread, bisquits, cakes and cookies, margarine, highly processed meat products, chips, sugared soft drinks and whole milk was lower in 2010/11 than in 2002 while consumption of whole grain bread, oat meal, fruits, vegetables, meat and cod liver oil was higher. Fish intake was unchanged. Fat intake decreased from 1990 to 2010/11, from 41E% to 35E%, saturated fatty acids from 20.0E% to 14.5E% and trans-fatty acids from 2.0E% to 0.8E%. Most of the changes occurred between 1990 and 2002. People having difficulties making ends meet consumed less fruits, vegetables and whole grain bread but more soft drinks in 2010/11 than those not having difficulties.
  
  
  
  Dietary changes in Iceland from 2002 have mostly been toward recommended intake. Between 1990 and 2002 fat consumption decreased considerably, while less significant changes occurred from 2002 til 2010/11. Economic status is associated with healthy diet in Iceland.
authors.forename: Laufey
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Steingrimsdottir
authors.forename: Hrund
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Valgeirsdottir
authors.forename: Thorhallur I
authors.initials: TI
authors.lastname: Halldorsson
authors.forename: Ingibjorg
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Gunnarsdottir
authors.forename: Elva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gisladottir
authors.forename: Holmfridur
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Thorgeirsdottir
authors.forename: Inga
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Thorsdottir
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D004032:Diet / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000191:economics*; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D015438:Health Behavior; D054624:Health Status Disparities; D006801:Humans; D007055:Iceland; D008019:Life Style; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015596:Nutrition Assessment; D009749:Nutrition Surveys; D009752:Nutritional Status; D011203:Poverty; D064167:Recommended Dietary Allowances; D012307:Risk Factors; D040242:Risk Reduction Behavior; D055815:Young Adult