title: In vivo pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the lantibiotic NAI-107 in a neutropenic murine thigh infection model.
abstract: NAI-107 is a novel lantibiotic compound with potent in vitro activity against Gram-positive bacteria, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The purpose of this study was to examine the activity of NAI-107 against S. aureus strains, including MRSA, in the neutropenic murine thigh infection model. Serum pharmacokinetics were determined and time-kill studies were performed following administration of single subcutaneous doses of 5, 20, and 80 mg/kg body weight. The dose fractionation included total doses ranging from 1.56 to 400 mg/kg/72 h, divided into 1, 2, 3, or 6 doses. Studies of treatment effects against 9 S. aureus strains (4 methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus [MSSA] and 5 MRSA) using a 12-h dosing interval and total dose range of 1.56 to 400 mg/kg/72 h were also performed. A maximum effect (Emax) model was used to determine the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) index that best described the dose-response data and to estimate the doses required to achieve a net bacteriostatic dose (SD) and a 1-log reduction in CFU/thigh. The pharmacokinetic studies demonstrated an area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) range of 26.8 to 276 mg·h/liter and half-lives of 4.2 to 8.2 h. MICs ranged from 0.125 to 0.5 μg/ml. The 2 highest single doses produced more than a 2-log kill and prolonged postantibiotic effects (PAEs) ranging from 36 to >72 h. The dose fractionation-response curves were similar, and the AUC/MIC ratio was the most predictive PD index (AUC/MIC, coefficient of determination [R2]=0.89; maximum concentration of drug in serum [Cmax]/MIC, R2=0.79; time [T]>MIC, R2=0.63). A ≥2-log kill was observed against all 9 S. aureus strains. The total drug 24-h AUC/MIC values associated with stasis and a 1-log kill for the 9 S. aureus strains were 371±130 and 510±227, respectively. NAI-107 demonstrated concentration-dependent killing and prolonged PAEs. The AUC/MIC ratio was the predictive PD index. Extensive killing was observed for S. aureus organisms, independent of the MRSA status. The AUC/MIC target should be useful for the design of clinical dosing regimens.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
authors.forename: Alexander J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Lepak
authors.affiliation: William S. Middleton Memorial VA Hospital, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Marchillo
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
authors.forename: William A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Craig
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA William S. Middleton Memorial VA Hospital, Madison, Wisconsin, USA dra@medicine.wisc.edu.
authors.forename: David R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Andes
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D051379:Mice; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects*; D013848:Thigh / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents