title: A multichannel nanosensor for instantaneous readout of cancer drug mechanisms.
abstract: Screening methods that use traditional genomic, transcriptional, proteomic and metabonomic signatures to characterize drug mechanisms are known. However, they are time consuming and require specialized equipment. Here, we present a high-throughput multichannel sensor platform that can profile the mechanisms of various chemotherapeutic drugs in minutes. The sensor consists of a gold nanoparticle complexed with three different fluorescent proteins that can sense drug-induced physicochemical changes on cell surfaces. In the presence of cells, fluorescent proteins are rapidly displaced from the gold nanoparticle surface and fluorescence is restored. Fluorescence 'turn on' of the fluorescent proteins depends on the drug-induced cell surface changes, generating patterns that identify specific mechanisms of cell death induced by drugs. The nanosensor is generalizable to different cell types and does not require processing steps before analysis, offering an effective way to expedite research in drug discovery, toxicology and cell-based sensing.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 N. Pleasant Street, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA.
authors.forename: Subinoy
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rana
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 N. Pleasant Street, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA.
authors.forename: Ngoc D B
authors.initials: ND
authors.lastname: Le
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 N. Pleasant Street, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA.
authors.forename: Rubul
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mout
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 N. Pleasant Street, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA.
authors.forename: Krishnendu
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Saha
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 N. Pleasant Street, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA.
authors.forename: Gulen Yesilbag
authors.initials: GY
authors.lastname: Tonga
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK.
authors.forename: Robert E S
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Bain
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 N. Pleasant Street, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA.
authors.forename: Oscar R
authors.initials: OR
authors.lastname: Miranda
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 N. Pleasant Street, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA.
authors.forename: Caren M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Rotello
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 N. Pleasant Street, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA.
authors.forename: Vincent M
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Rotello
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001681:Biological Assay / Q000295:instrumentation; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D016903:Drug Monitoring / Q000295:instrumentation*; D004867:Equipment Design; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D051379:Mice; D036103:Nanotechnology / Q000295:instrumentation*; D009374:Neoplasms, Experimental / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013050:Spectrometry, Fluorescence / Q000295:instrumentation*
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents