title: Cerebral hypoxia-ischemia increases toll-like receptor 2 and 4 expression in the hippocampus of neonatal rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Recent reports provide evidence that Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play a crucial role in cerebral ischemic injuries and neuronal cell death. The precise role of TLRs in mediating neuronal damage remains to be fully elucidated. In this study, we investigated the expression of TLR2 and TLR4 in the hippocampus of the neonatal rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Postnatal day 7 Sprague-Dawley rats were used. The hypoxia-ischemia brain injury models were made by ligature of the left common carotid artery and then inhalation of 8%O(2)/92%N(2) for 2 h. TLR2 and TLR4 expression was assessed with immunohistochemical staining and Western blot assays at 3d, 7d, and 14d after injury.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At the 3d and 7d time points, we found a significant increase in the number of TLR2 and TLR4 positive cells in the hippocampus of the HI group when compared with the sham group (P<0.01). Western blot showed similar results.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study indicates that TLR2 and TLR4 are involved in the hypoxic-ischemic injury of full-term neonatal brains.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201102, China.
authors.forename: Peng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201102, China.
authors.forename: Guoqiang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201102, China.
authors.forename: Longxia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201102, China. Electronic address: zwhchfu@126.com.
authors.forename: Wenhao
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Immunology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201102, China. Electronic address: jinqiaosun@sina.com.
authors.forename: Jinqiao
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sun
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000502:physiology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D020925:Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D009474:Neurons / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D051195:Toll-Like Receptor 2 / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4 / Q000096:biosynthesis*
chemical_list: C495343:Tlr2 protein, rat; C495347:Tlr4 protein, rat; D051195:Toll-Like Receptor 2; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4
keywords: Brain; Hypoxia–ischemia; Neonate; Toll-like receptor 2; Toll-like receptor 4