title: Detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex in New World Monkeys in Peru.
abstract: The Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex causes tuberculosis in humans and nonhuman primates and is a global public health concern. Standard diagnostics rely upon host immune responses to detect infection in nonhuman primates and lack sensitivity and specificity across the spectrum of mycobacterial infection in these species. We have previously shown that the Oral Swab PCR (OSP) assay, a direct pathogen detection method, can identify the presence of M. tuberculosis complex in laboratory and free-ranging Old World monkeys. Addressing the current limitations in tuberculosis diagnostics in primates, including sample acquisition and pathogen detection, this paper furthers our understanding of the presence of the tuberculosis-causing bacteria among New World monkeys in close contact with humans. Here we use the minimally invasive OSP assay, which includes buccal swab collection followed by amplification of the IS6110 repetitive nucleic acid sequence specific to M. tuberculosis complex subspecies, to detect the bacteria in the mouths of Peruvian New World monkeys. A total of 220 buccal swabs from 16 species were obtained and positive amplification of the IS6110 sequence was observed in 30 (13.6%) of the samples. To our knowledge, this is the first documentation of M. tuberculosis complex DNA in a diverse sample of Peruvian Neotropical primates.
authors.affiliation: Infectious Disease and Global Health, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine at Tufts University, 200 Westboro Road, North Grafton, MA, 01536, USA. marieke.rosenbaum@tufts.edu.
authors.forename: Marieke
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rosenbaum
authors.affiliation: Wildlife Health and Policy, Wildlife Conservation Society, Avenida 15 de Enero 591, Miraflores, Lima, Peru. pmendoza@wcs.org.
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mendoza
authors.affiliation: Department of Ecology and Environmental Biology, Tulane University, 6823 St. Charles Ave., New Orleans, LA, 70118, USA. b.m.ghersi@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Bruno M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Ghersi
authors.affiliation: Washington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington, 1705 Pacific St NE, HSB I-039, Box 357330, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA. leeshiekw@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Alicia K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Wilbur
authors.affiliation: Department of Sociomedical Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Colombia University, 722 W 168th St #14, New York, NY, 10032, USA. aperezbrumer@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Amaya
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Perez-Brumer
authors.affiliation: Wildlife Health and Policy, Wildlife Conservation Society, Avenida 15 de Enero 591, Miraflores, Lima, Peru. ncavero@wcs.org.
authors.forename: Nancy
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Cavero Yong
authors.affiliation: Department of Bacteriology, U.S. Naval Medical Research Unit No. 6, Lima, Peru. matthew.kasper@med.navy.mil.
authors.forename: Matthew R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Kasper
authors.affiliation: Department of Bacteriology, U.S. Naval Medical Research Unit No. 6, Lima, Peru. silvia.montano@med.navy.mil.
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Montano
authors.affiliation: Departments of Global Health, Neurology, Epidemiology and Medicine (Infectious Disease), University of Washington, Harborview Medical Center, 325 9th Ave., Room 3EH70, Seattle, WA, 98104, USA. jzunt@u.washington.edu.
authors.forename: Joseph R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Zunt
authors.affiliation: Washington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington, 1705 Pacific St NE, HSB I-039, Box 357330, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA. ljengel@uw.edu.|Department of Anthropology, University of Washington, 1705 Pacific St NE, HSB I-039, Box 357330, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA. ljengel@uw.edu.
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Jones-Engel
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000818:Animals; D001431:Bacteriological Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D008992:Monkey Diseases; D009161:Mycobacterium / Q000235:genetics; D010568:Peru; D051078:Platyrrhini / Q000382:microbiology; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D014376:Tuberculosis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000662:veterinary*
chemical_list: D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial
keywords: Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex; Peru; direct pathogen detection; new world monkey; nonhuman primate; oral swab PCR; tuberculosis