title: Screening for sulfate in distillers dried grains and solubles by FT-IR spectroscopy.
abstract: Distillers Dried Grains and Solubles (DDGS) are an animal feed containing varying levels of sulfur. As ruminants are susceptible to high sulfur diets, sulfur content is of major interest to the parties involved. The variation in levels of sulfur in DDGS is mainly due to sulfate derived from the addition of sulfuric acid during the production. ATR/FT-IR spectroscopy was used to determine sulfate levels in 90 DDGS samples from various origins (Canada, China, EU, and U.S.A.). Specific absorption bands for sulfate at 615 and 1107 cm(-1) enabled the analysis of sulfate in the DDGS matrix. Besides direct quantification (using band at 615 cm(-1)), PLS regression was applied for the prediction of sulfate using FT-IR spectra and calibration with reference values analyzed by capillary electrophoresis. An extended calculation on the total sulfur estimated that 11% of the DDGS samples analyzed in this study featured sulfur contents higher than 0.80%.
authors.affiliation: Federal Institute for Risk Assessment , Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Thorben
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nietner
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pfister
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Brakowiecka-Sassy
authors.forename: Marcus A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Glomb
authors.forename: Carsten
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fauhl-Hassek
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed / Q000032:analysis*; D002523:Edible Grain / Q000737:chemistry*; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared / Q000379:methods*; D013431:Sulfates / Q000032:analysis*; D014866:Waste Products / Q000032:analysis*; D003313:Zea mays / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D013431:Sulfates; D014866:Waste Products
keywords: DDGS; FTIR; QSAFFE; bioethanol; capillary electrophoresis; feed safety; sulphate