title: Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of Geranium bellum and its isolated compounds.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Geranium bellum Rose, locally known as "Pata de león", is a perennial plant distributed in the mountains of Hidalgo, Mexico. It is widely used in Mexican traditional medicine to treat fever, pain, and gastrointestinal disorders. To date, there are not published studies regarding the in vivo antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory potential of the acetone-aqueous extract from the aerial parts of G. bellum.
  
  
  METHODS
  Antinociceptive effects of the acetone-aqueous G. bellum (AGB) extract and the isolated compounds were assessed using experimental pain models, including thermal nociception like hot plate test, and chemical nociception induced by intraperitoneal acetic acid or subplantar formalin injection in vivo. The anti-inflammatory properties of the extract were studied using systemic administration in carrageenan-induced paw edema.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Intra-gastric administration of AGB (75, 150, and 300 mg/kg) showed a dose-dependent antinociceptive effect in intraperitoneal acetic acid (writhing), thermal nociception in CD1 mice, and subplantar formalin models, as well as anti-inflammatory effect in carrageenan- induced paw edema in Wistar rats. Geraniin and quercetin showed the highest antinociceptive activity in writhing test, whereas ellagic acid was the most active compound in the hot plate model.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These studies provide evidences that G. bellum shows antinociceptive and anti- inflammatory effects, and gives support to its use in treating pain in Mexican traditional medicine.
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Velázquez-González
authors.forename: Raquel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cariño-Cortés
authors.forename: Juan A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Gayosso de Lucio
authors.forename: Mario I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Ortiz
authors.forename: Minarda
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: De la O Arciniega
authors.forename: Diana A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Altamirano-Báez
authors.forename: Luis Jiménez-
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Ángeles
authors.affiliation: Área Académica de Farmacia, Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Ex-Hacienda la Concepción, Tilcuautla, Hidalgo, México. mirandeli@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Mirandeli
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bautista-Ávila
mesh_terms: D019342:Acetic Acid; D000700:Analgesics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002351:Carrageenan; D004487:Edema / Q000188:drug therapy; D004610:Ellagic Acid / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D005557:Formaldehyde; D031315:Geranium / Q000737:chemistry*; D005960:Glucosides / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006358:Hot Temperature; D047348:Hydrolyzable Tannins / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007249:Inflammation / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008297:Male; D008800:Mexico; D051379:Mice; D010146:Pain / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011794:Quercetin / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D005960:Glucosides; D047348:Hydrolyzable Tannins; D010936:Plant Extracts; D004610:Ellagic Acid; D005557:Formaldehyde; C024603:Geraniin; D002351:Carrageenan; D011794:Quercetin; D019342:Acetic Acid