title: Field evaluation of a novel synthetic odour blend and of the synergistic role of carbon dioxide for sampling host-seeking Aedes albopictus adults in Rome, Italy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Despite the expanding worldwide distribution of Aedes albopictus and its increasing relevance as arboviral vector, current methods to collect adult specimens are not optimal. Improved approaches are thus needed to monitor their density and pathogen infections, and to establish baseline data for control interventions. A widely used device is the BG-Sentinel (BG-trap) which mostly targets host-seeking females attracted by release of CO2 and/or a synthetic odour blend (the BG lure). We compared the attractiveness of this blend to that of the Mbita (MB5) lure, a new synthetic blend of proven efficiency in attracting Afrotropical malaria vectors, and evaluated the additional effect of CO2 to the two odour baits.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We carried out 6x6 Latin square experiments in two Ae. albopictus-infested areas in Rome, baiting the BG-traps as follows: CO2, BG lure, MB5 lure, BG lure + CO2, MB5 lure + CO2, no bait. CO2 was derived from yeast-fermented sugar. Overall, 949 females and 816 males were collected. Baited traps collected significantly more females than unbaited ones. Traps baited with either lures in combination with CO2 were more effective than those baited with CO2 alone. No significant differences were observed in female captures between traps baited with any of the two lures, nor between the two lures, independently from the addition of CO2. The use of BG lure + CO2 significantly increased males catches compared to unbaited traps.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results suggest a broad significance of the MB5 lure for sampling medically important mosquito species and highlight the high efficacy of the combination of lures + CO2 for female Ae. albopictus and of BG lure + CO2 for males, leading to consider CO2 as an essential additional cue for the sampling of this species.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica e Malattie Infettive, Università di Roma "Sapienza", Rome, Italy. marco.pombi@uniroma1.it.
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pombi
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Wageningen, The Netherlands. frans.jacobs@wur.nl.
authors.forename: Frans
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Jacobs
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Wageningen, The Netherlands. niels.verhulst@wur.nl.
authors.forename: Niels O
authors.initials: NO
authors.lastname: Verhulst
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica e Malattie Infettive, Università di Roma "Sapienza", Rome, Italy. beniamino.caputo@uniroma1.it.
authors.forename: Beniamino
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Caputo
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica e Malattie Infettive, Università di Roma "Sapienza", Rome, Italy. ale.dellatorre@uniroma1.it.
authors.forename: Alessandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: della Torre
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Wageningen, The Netherlands. willem.takken@wur.nl.
authors.forename: Willem
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Takken
mesh_terms: D000330:Aedes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004357:Drug Synergism; D005260:Female; D007558:Italy; D008297:Male; D009032:Mosquito Control / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D009812:Odorants / Q000032:analysis*; D010675:Pheromones / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D010675:Pheromones; C010411:insect attractants; D002245:Carbon Dioxide