title: [Associations between basic indicators of inflammation and metabolic disturbances].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Inflammation is involved in initiation and progression of diabetic complications related to cell damage of tissues, especially endothelial cells, and deepening of metabolic disturbances. This study was conducted in order to assess potential associations between basic laboratory parameters of inflammation and common metabolic factors such as glycated hemoglobin and C-reactive protein.
  
  
  METHODS
  The studied group consisted of 95 patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 and 77 subjects without signs of disturbances in glucose metabolism, aged between 40 and 74 years. Fasting plasma glucose, glycated hemoglobin, complete blood count and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein concentration in blood were determined. Also blood pressure as well as weight and height measurements were taken to calculate BMI.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fasting plasma glucose and glycated hemoglobin concentrations, total leukocyte count and granulocytes were significantly higher in diabetics. Significant correlations between both glycated hemoglobin and BMI and C-reactive protein concentration were noted. However, after adjusting for age and gender, leucocyte count was independently related to BMI and glycated hemoglobin, while C-reactive protein concentration was dependent on gender and BMI.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Glycated hemoglobin as a marker of long-term glycemic control and BMI as an indicator of adipose tissue accumulation are significantly related to white blood cell count and C-reactive protein concentration, even when values of these parameters are in the normal range. This is consistent with the hypothesis that chronic activation of the immune system plays a role in the pathogenesis and progression of type 2 diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Professional Training in Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Poland.
authors.forename: Sylwia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Płaczkowska
authors.affiliation: Department of Professional Training in Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Poland.
authors.forename: Lilla
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pawlik-Sobecka
authors.affiliation: Department of Professional Training in Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Poland.
authors.forename: Izabela
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kokot
authors.affiliation: The Regional Specialist Outpatient Clinic, Wroclaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Dariusz
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sowiński
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Warsaw Medical University, Poland.
authors.forename: Małgorzata
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wrzosek
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Poland.
authors.forename: Agnieszka
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Piwowar
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000503:physiopathology; D008875:Middle Aged
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D001786:Blood Glucose; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin