title: Suitability of surgical tumor tissues, biopsy, or cytology samples for epidermal growth factor receptor mutation testing in non-small cell lung carcinoma based on chinese population.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation status is crucial in treatment selection for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients; however, the detection materials' availability remains challenging in clinical practice. In this study, we collected surgical resection tissues, lymph node biopsy, and cytological samples for EGFR mutation testing and investigated the associations between gene mutation and clinical characteristics.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two hundred and seventy-six NSCLC adenocarcinoma specimens were collected, and highly sensitive amplification refractory mutation system method was implemented for EGFR mutation detection, with clinicopathologic characteristics involved in the final analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the total of 276 samples, 96% (265/276) of tumors obtained evaluable EGFR mutation status, the frequency of mutation was 55.8% (148/265) in all specimens, and three different type samples shared a comparable successful testing rate: 97.4% (38/39) in surgical tumor tissues, 100% (108/108) in lymph node biopsy samples, and 92.2% (119/129) in cytological samples. EGFR mutation was significantly associated with sex, smoking history, lymph node metastasis status (N stage), primary tumor size, testing tissues origin, and sample type (P < .05). Multivariate analysis reconfirmed that smoking history and primary tumor size shared significant correlation with EGFR mutation after adjustment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both lymph node biopsy and cytological samples were suitable surrogates for EGFR mutation detection in NSCLC compared with tumor tissues, gene status should be detected widely considering the high EGFR mutation rate, and nonsmoking history together with smaller primary tumor size was an independent indicator of EGFR mutation status.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Institute/Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College; Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Study on Anticancer Molecular Targeted Drugs, Cancer Institute/Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College. Electronic address: hanxh@cicams.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Xiaohong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Institute/Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College; Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Study on Anticancer Molecular Targeted Drugs, Cancer Institute/Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College. Electronic address: zhangzhishang1218@163.com.
authors.forename: Zhishang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Institute/Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College; Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Study on Anticancer Molecular Targeted Drugs, Cancer Institute/Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College. Electronic address: wdxbb88@163.com.
authors.forename: Di
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Institute/Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College; Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Study on Anticancer Molecular Targeted Drugs, Cancer Institute/Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College. Electronic address: shawnshenyc@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Yinchen
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Institute/Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College; Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Study on Anticancer Molecular Targeted Drugs, Cancer Institute/Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College. Electronic address: ws1109@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Shuai
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Institute/Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College; Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Study on Anticancer Molecular Targeted Drugs, Cancer Institute/Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College. Electronic address: greatestww@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Institute/Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College; Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Study on Anticancer Molecular Targeted Drugs, Cancer Institute/Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College. Electronic address: 13911901165@139.com.
authors.forename: Yutao
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Institute/Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College; Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Study on Anticancer Molecular Targeted Drugs, Cancer Institute/Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College. Electronic address: medart@126.com.
authors.forename: Sheng
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Institute/Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College; Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Study on Anticancer Molecular Targeted Drugs, Cancer Institute/Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College. Electronic address: huxingsheng66@163.com.
authors.forename: Xingsheng
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Institute/Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College; Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Study on Anticancer Molecular Targeted Drugs, Cancer Institute/Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College. Electronic address: nksysfy@sohu.com.
authors.forename: Yun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Institute/Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College; Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Study on Anticancer Molecular Targeted Drugs, Cancer Institute/Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College. Electronic address: suny@csco.org.cn.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Institute/Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College; Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Study on Anticancer Molecular Targeted Drugs, Cancer Institute/Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College. Electronic address: syuankai@cicams.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Yuankai
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shi