title: Thermodynamic costs of information processing in sensory adaptation.
abstract: Biological sensory systems react to changes in their surroundings. They are characterized by fast response and slow adaptation to varying environmental cues. Insofar as sensory adaptive systems map environmental changes to changes of their internal degrees of freedom, they can be regarded as computational devices manipulating information. Landauer established that information is ultimately physical, and its manipulation subject to the entropic and energetic bounds of thermodynamics. Thus the fundamental costs of biological sensory adaptation can be elucidated by tracking how the information the system has about its environment is altered. These bounds are particularly relevant for small organisms, which unlike everyday computers, operate at very low energies. In this paper, we establish a general framework for the thermodynamics of information processing in sensing. With it, we quantify how during sensory adaptation information about the past is erased, while information about the present is gathered. This process produces entropy larger than the amount of old information erased and has an energetic cost bounded by the amount of new information written to memory. We apply these principles to the E. coli's chemotaxis pathway during binary ligand concentration changes. In this regime, we quantify the amount of information stored by each methyl group and show that receptors consume energy in the range of the information-theoretic minimum. Our work provides a basis for further inquiries into more complex phenomena, such as gradient sensing and frequency response.
authors.affiliation: Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany.
authors.forename: Pablo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sartori
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Física Atómica, Molecular y Nuclear and GISC, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Léo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Granger
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Chiu Fan
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts at Boston, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America.
authors.forename: Jordan M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Horowitz
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological / Q000502:physiology*; D002633:Chemotaxis / Q000502:physiology*; D019295:Computational Biology; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000502:physiology; D008954:Models, Biological; D013816:Thermodynamics