title: Validity of the assessment method of skeletal maturation by cervical vertebrae: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To perform a systematic review with meta-analysis to answer the question: is the cervical vertebrae maturation index (CVMI) effective to replace hand-wrist radiograph (gold standard) in determining the pubertal growth spurt in patients undergoing bone growth?
  
  
  METHODS
  A search in three databases was performed, in which studies were selected that compared one of the two main assessment methods for cervical vertebrae (Hassel B, Farman AG. Skeletal maturation evaluation using cervical vertebrae. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1995; 107: 58-66, or Baccetti T, Franchi L, McNamara JA Jr. An improved version of the cervical vertebral maturation (CVM) method for the assessment of mandibular growth. Angle Orthod 2002; 72: 316-23) to a carpal assessment method. The main methodological data from each of the texts were collected and tabulated after. Later, the meta-analysis of the correlation coefficients obtained was performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  19 articles were selected from an initial 206 articles collected. Regardless of the method used, the results of the meta-analysis showed that every article selected presented a positive correlation between skeletal maturation assessment performed by cervical vertebrae and carpal methods, with discrepancy of values between genders indicating higher correlation for the female gender (0.925; 0.878) than for the male (0.879; 0.842). When the assessment was performed without gender separation, correlation was significant (0.592; 0.688) but lower in the cases when genders were separated.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  With the results of this meta-analysis, it is safe to affirm that both CVMIs used in the present study are reliable to replace the hand-wrist radiograph in predicting the pubertal growth spurt, considering that the highest values were found in female samples, especially in the method by Hassel and Farman.
authors.affiliation: 1 School of Dentistry, IMED, Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
authors.forename: G O
authors.initials: GO
authors.lastname: Cericato
authors.forename: M A V
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Bittencourt
authors.forename: L R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Paranhos
mesh_terms: D000365:Age Determination by Skeleton / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D001846:Bone Development / Q000502:physiology; D002348:Carpal Bones / Q000254:growth & development; D002574:Cervical Vertebrae / Q000254:growth & development*; D006801:Humans; D050279:Metacarpal Bones / Q000254:growth & development; D011627:Puberty / Q000502:physiology; D015203:Reproducibility of Results
keywords: cervical vertebrae; hand–wrist; skeletal age assessment; skeletal maturation