title: Ultra-small lipid nanoparticles promote the penetration of coenzyme Q10 in skin cells and counteract oxidative stress.
abstract: UV irradiation leads to the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). An imbalance between the antioxidant system and ROS can lead to cell damage, premature skin aging or skin cancer. To counteract these processes, antioxidants such as coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) are contained in many cosmetics. To improve and optimize cell/tissue penetration properties of the lipophilic CoQ10, ultra-small lipid nanoparticles (usNLC) were developed. The antioxidant effectiveness of CoQ10-loaded usNLC compared to conventional nanocarriers was investigated in the human keratinocyte cell line HaCaT. Using confocal laser scanning microscopy investigations of the carriers additionally loaded with nile red showed a clear uptake into cells and their distribution within the cytoplasm. By use of the XTT cell viability test, CoQ10 concentrations of 10-50 μg/ml were shown to be non-toxic, and the antioxidant potential of 10 μg/ml CoQ10 loaded usNLC in the HaCaT cells was analyzed via electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy after cellular exposure to UVA (1J/cm(2)) and UVB (18 mJ/cm(2)) irradiation. In comparison with the CoQ10-loaded conventional carriers, usNLC-CoQ10 demonstrated the strongest reduction of the radical formation; reaching up to 23% compared to control cells without nanocarrier treatment. Therefore, usNLC-CoQ10 are very suitable to increase the antioxidant potential of skin.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Center of Experimental and Applied Cutaneous Physiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Silke B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Lohan
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Center of Experimental and Applied Cutaneous Physiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Sonja
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bauersachs
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Center of Experimental and Applied Cutaneous Physiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Sebastian
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ahlberg
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics & NutriCosmetics, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Nuttakorn
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Baisaeng
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics & NutriCosmetics, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Fachhochschule/University of Applied Sciences Kaiserslautern, Pirmasens, Germany.
authors.forename: Cornelia M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Keck
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics & NutriCosmetics, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Rainer H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Müller
authors.affiliation: Psoriasis Research and Treatment Center, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Institute of Medical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Ellen
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Witte
authors.affiliation: Psoriasis Research and Treatment Center, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Institute of Medical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Berlin - Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Research Center Immunosciences, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Kerstin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wolk
authors.affiliation: Institute of Physics, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Steffen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hackbarth
authors.affiliation: Institute of Physics, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Beate
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Röder
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Center of Experimental and Applied Cutaneous Physiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Jürgen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lademann
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Center of Experimental and Applied Cutaneous Physiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany. Electronic address: martina.meinke@charite.de.
authors.forename: Martina C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Meinke
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology; D002460:Cell Line; D004337:Drug Carriers / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D015603:Keratinocytes / Q000187:drug effects; D008055:Lipids / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D012867:Skin / Q000187:drug effects*; D015595:Skin Aging / Q000187:drug effects; D014451:Ubiquinone / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000378:metabolism; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D004337:Drug Carriers; D008055:Lipids; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D014451:Ubiquinone; C024989:coenzyme Q10
keywords: Antioxidants; Electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy; Free radicals; HaCaT cells; Nanocarrier systems/particles; Oxidative stress