title: An investigation into porch dust lead levels.
abstract: Lead in porch dust can expose children through direct contact or track-in to the home, but has not been adequately evaluated. At homes undergoing lead hazard control in Rochester, NY, we sampled settled dust lead on exterior porch floors at baseline, immediately post-lead hazard control and one-year post-work (n=79 homes with complete data) via wipe sampling and collected housing, neighborhood and soil data. Baseline GM porch floor dust lead loading (PbPD) was 68 µg/ft(2), almost four times more than baseline GM interior floor dust lead (18 µg/ft(2)). Immediate post-work PbPD declined 55% after porch floor replacement and 53% after porch floor paint stabilization (p=0.009 and p=0.041, respectively). When no porch floor work was conducted but lead hazard control was conducted elsewhere, immediate post-work PbPD increased 97% (p=0.008). At one-year, GM PbPD continued to decline for porch replacement (77% below baseline) and paint stabilization (72% below baseline), but where no porch floor work was done, GM PbPD was not significantly different than baseline (p<0.001, p=0.028 and p=0.504, respectively). Modeling determined that porch floor replacement had significantly lower one-year PbPD than stabilization when baseline PbPD levels were higher than 148 µg/ft(2) (the 77th percentile) but not at lower levels. Treatment of porches with lead paint results in substantial declines in PbPD levels. It is of concern that PbPD levels increased significantly at immediate post-work when lead hazard control was not conducted on the porch but was conducted elsewhere. Standards for porch lead dust should be adopted to protect children from inadequate clean-up after lead hazard control.
authors.affiliation: National Center for Healthy Housing, 10320 Little Patuxent Parkway, Suite 500, Columbia, MD 21044, USA. Electronic address: jwilson@nchh.org.
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.affiliation: National Center for Healthy Housing, 10320 Little Patuxent Parkway, Suite 500, Columbia, MD 21044, USA. Electronic address: sdixon@nchh.org.
authors.forename: Sherry L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Dixon
authors.affiliation: National Center for Healthy Housing, 10320 Little Patuxent Parkway, Suite 500, Columbia, MD 21044, USA. Electronic address: djacobs@nchh.org.
authors.forename: David E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Jacobs
authors.affiliation: National Center for Healthy Housing, 10320 Little Patuxent Parkway, Suite 500, Columbia, MD 21044, USA. Electronic address: judipris@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Judith
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Akoto
authors.affiliation: University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Box EHSC, Rochester, NY 14642, USA. Electronic address: Katrina_Korfmacher@URMC.Rochester.edu.
authors.forename: Katrina S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Korfmacher
authors.affiliation: National Center for Healthy Housing, 10320 Little Patuxent Parkway, Suite 500, Columbia, MD 21044, USA. Electronic address: jbreysse@nchh.org.
authors.forename: Jill
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Breysse
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004391:Dust / Q000032:analysis*; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D006798:Housing; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007854:Lead / Q000032:analysis*; D009518:New York; D018570:Risk Assessment; D017751:Safety Management / Q000592:standards
chemical_list: D004391:Dust; D007854:Lead
keywords: Exposure; House dust; Intervention; Lead; Porch