title: Translational cancer research: balancing prevention and treatment to combat cancer globally.
abstract: Cancer research is drawing on the human genome project to develop new molecular-targeted treatments. This is an exciting but insufficient response to the growing, global burden of cancer, particularly as the projected increase in new cases in the coming decades is increasingly falling on developing countries. The world is not able to treat its way out of the cancer problem. However, the mechanistic insights from basic science can be harnessed to better understand cancer causes and prevention, thus underpinning a complementary public health approach to cancer control. This manuscript focuses on how new knowledge about the molecular and cellular basis of cancer, and the associated high-throughput laboratory technologies for studying those pathways, can be applied to population-based epidemiological studies, particularly in the context of large prospective cohorts with associated biobanks to provide an evidence base for cancer prevention. This integrated approach should allow a more rapid and informed translation of the research into educational and policy interventions aimed at risk reduction across a population.
authors.affiliation: Director's Office, Sections of Mechanisms of Carcinogenesis and Nutrition and Metabolism, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France (CPW, ZH, RH, AS); National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA (JRB); Department of Pathology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (BWDdJ); Department of Medical Epidemiology & Biostatistics, BioBanking & Molecular Resource Infrastructure, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (JD); Radiation Medicine Center, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (CvG); Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA (JDG); Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK (EH); Danish Cancer Society Research Centre, Copenhagen, Denmark (JHO); Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden (UR); Division of Cancer Genomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan (TS); School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA (MTS); Division of Preventive Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases and German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany (CU); Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, UK (PV); Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (JM). director@iarc.fr.
authors.forename: Christopher P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Wild
authors.affiliation: Director's Office, Sections of Mechanisms of Carcinogenesis and Nutrition and Metabolism, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France (CPW, ZH, RH, AS); National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA (JRB); Department of Pathology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (BWDdJ); Department of Medical Epidemiology & Biostatistics, BioBanking & Molecular Resource Infrastructure, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (JD); Radiation Medicine Center, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (CvG); Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA (JDG); Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK (EH); Danish Cancer Society Research Centre, Copenhagen, Denmark (JHO); Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden (UR); Division of Cancer Genomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan (TS); School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA (MTS); Division of Preventive Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases and German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany (CU); Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, UK (PV); Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (JM).
authors.forename: John R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Bucher
authors.affiliation: Director's Office, Sections of Mechanisms of Carcinogenesis and Nutrition and Metabolism, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France (CPW, ZH, RH, AS); National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA (JRB); Department of Pathology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (BWDdJ); Department of Medical Epidemiology & Biostatistics, BioBanking & Molecular Resource Infrastructure, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (JD); Radiation Medicine Center, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (CvG); Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA (JDG); Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK (EH); Danish Cancer Society Research Centre, Copenhagen, Denmark (JHO); Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden (UR); Division of Cancer Genomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan (TS); School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA (MTS); Division of Preventive Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases and German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany (CU); Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, UK (PV); Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (JM).
authors.forename: Bas W D
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: de Jong
authors.affiliation: Director's Office, Sections of Mechanisms of Carcinogenesis and Nutrition and Metabolism, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France (CPW, ZH, RH, AS); National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA (JRB); Department of Pathology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (BWDdJ); Department of Medical Epidemiology & Biostatistics, BioBanking & Molecular Resource Infrastructure, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (JD); Radiation Medicine Center, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (CvG); Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA (JDG); Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK (EH); Danish Cancer Society Research Centre, Copenhagen, Denmark (JHO); Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden (UR); Division of Cancer Genomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan (TS); School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA (MTS); Division of Preventive Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases and German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany (CU); Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, UK (PV); Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (JM).
authors.forename: Joakim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dillner
authors.affiliation: Director's Office, Sections of Mechanisms of Carcinogenesis and Nutrition and Metabolism, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France (CPW, ZH, RH, AS); National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA (JRB); Department of Pathology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (BWDdJ); Department of Medical Epidemiology & Biostatistics, BioBanking & Molecular Resource Infrastructure, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (JD); Radiation Medicine Center, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (CvG); Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA (JDG); Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK (EH); Danish Cancer Society Research Centre, Copenhagen, Denmark (JHO); Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden (UR); Division of Cancer Genomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan (TS); School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA (MTS); Division of Preventive Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases and German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany (CU); Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, UK (PV); Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (JM).
authors.forename: Christina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: von Gertten
authors.affiliation: Director's Office, Sections of Mechanisms of Carcinogenesis and Nutrition and Metabolism, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France (CPW, ZH, RH, AS); National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA (JRB); Department of Pathology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (BWDdJ); Department of Medical Epidemiology & Biostatistics, BioBanking & Molecular Resource Infrastructure, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (JD); Radiation Medicine Center, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (CvG); Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA (JDG); Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK (EH); Danish Cancer Society Research Centre, Copenhagen, Denmark (JHO); Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden (UR); Division of Cancer Genomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan (TS); School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA (MTS); Division of Preventive Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases and German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany (CU); Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, UK (PV); Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (JM).
authors.forename: John D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Groopman
authors.affiliation: Director's Office, Sections of Mechanisms of Carcinogenesis and Nutrition and Metabolism, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France (CPW, ZH, RH, AS); National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA (JRB); Department of Pathology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (BWDdJ); Department of Medical Epidemiology & Biostatistics, BioBanking & Molecular Resource Infrastructure, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (JD); Radiation Medicine Center, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (CvG); Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA (JDG); Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK (EH); Danish Cancer Society Research Centre, Copenhagen, Denmark (JHO); Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden (UR); Division of Cancer Genomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan (TS); School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA (MTS); Division of Preventive Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases and German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany (CU); Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, UK (PV); Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (JM).
authors.forename: Zdenko
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Herceg
authors.affiliation: Director's Office, Sections of Mechanisms of Carcinogenesis and Nutrition and Metabolism, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France (CPW, ZH, RH, AS); National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA (JRB); Department of Pathology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (BWDdJ); Department of Medical Epidemiology & Biostatistics, BioBanking & Molecular Resource Infrastructure, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (JD); Radiation Medicine Center, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (CvG); Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA (JDG); Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK (EH); Danish Cancer Society Research Centre, Copenhagen, Denmark (JHO); Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden (UR); Division of Cancer Genomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan (TS); School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA (MTS); Division of Preventive Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases and German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany (CU); Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, UK (PV); Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (JM).
authors.forename: Elaine
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Holmes
authors.affiliation: Director's Office, Sections of Mechanisms of Carcinogenesis and Nutrition and Metabolism, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France (CPW, ZH, RH, AS); National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA (JRB); Department of Pathology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (BWDdJ); Department of Medical Epidemiology & Biostatistics, BioBanking & Molecular Resource Infrastructure, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (JD); Radiation Medicine Center, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (CvG); Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA (JDG); Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK (EH); Danish Cancer Society Research Centre, Copenhagen, Denmark (JHO); Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden (UR); Division of Cancer Genomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan (TS); School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA (MTS); Division of Preventive Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases and German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany (CU); Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, UK (PV); Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (JM).
authors.forename: Reetta
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Holmila
authors.affiliation: Director's Office, Sections of Mechanisms of Carcinogenesis and Nutrition and Metabolism, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France (CPW, ZH, RH, AS); National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA (JRB); Department of Pathology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (BWDdJ); Department of Medical Epidemiology & Biostatistics, BioBanking & Molecular Resource Infrastructure, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (JD); Radiation Medicine Center, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (CvG); Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA (JDG); Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK (EH); Danish Cancer Society Research Centre, Copenhagen, Denmark (JHO); Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden (UR); Division of Cancer Genomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan (TS); School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA (MTS); Division of Preventive Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases and German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany (CU); Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, UK (PV); Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (JM).
authors.forename: Jørgen H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Olsen
authors.affiliation: Director's Office, Sections of Mechanisms of Carcinogenesis and Nutrition and Metabolism, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France (CPW, ZH, RH, AS); National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA (JRB); Department of Pathology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (BWDdJ); Department of Medical Epidemiology & Biostatistics, BioBanking & Molecular Resource Infrastructure, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (JD); Radiation Medicine Center, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (CvG); Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA (JDG); Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK (EH); Danish Cancer Society Research Centre, Copenhagen, Denmark (JHO); Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden (UR); Division of Cancer Genomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan (TS); School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA (MTS); Division of Preventive Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases and German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany (CU); Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, UK (PV); Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (JM).
authors.forename: Ulrik
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Ringborg
authors.affiliation: Director's Office, Sections of Mechanisms of Carcinogenesis and Nutrition and Metabolism, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France (CPW, ZH, RH, AS); National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA (JRB); Department of Pathology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (BWDdJ); Department of Medical Epidemiology & Biostatistics, BioBanking & Molecular Resource Infrastructure, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (JD); Radiation Medicine Center, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (CvG); Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA (JDG); Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK (EH); Danish Cancer Society Research Centre, Copenhagen, Denmark (JHO); Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden (UR); Division of Cancer Genomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan (TS); School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA (MTS); Division of Preventive Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases and German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany (CU); Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, UK (PV); Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (JM).
authors.forename: Augustin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Scalbert
authors.affiliation: Director's Office, Sections of Mechanisms of Carcinogenesis and Nutrition and Metabolism, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France (CPW, ZH, RH, AS); National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA (JRB); Department of Pathology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (BWDdJ); Department of Medical Epidemiology & Biostatistics, BioBanking & Molecular Resource Infrastructure, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (JD); Radiation Medicine Center, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (CvG); Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA (JDG); Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK (EH); Danish Cancer Society Research Centre, Copenhagen, Denmark (JHO); Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden (UR); Division of Cancer Genomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan (TS); School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA (MTS); Division of Preventive Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases and German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany (CU); Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, UK (PV); Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (JM).
authors.forename: Tatsuhiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shibata
authors.affiliation: Director's Office, Sections of Mechanisms of Carcinogenesis and Nutrition and Metabolism, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France (CPW, ZH, RH, AS); National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA (JRB); Department of Pathology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (BWDdJ); Department of Medical Epidemiology & Biostatistics, BioBanking & Molecular Resource Infrastructure, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (JD); Radiation Medicine Center, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (CvG); Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA (JDG); Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK (EH); Danish Cancer Society Research Centre, Copenhagen, Denmark (JHO); Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden (UR); Division of Cancer Genomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan (TS); School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA (MTS); Division of Preventive Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases and German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany (CU); Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, UK (PV); Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (JM).
authors.forename: Martyn T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.affiliation: Director's Office, Sections of Mechanisms of Carcinogenesis and Nutrition and Metabolism, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France (CPW, ZH, RH, AS); National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA (JRB); Department of Pathology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (BWDdJ); Department of Medical Epidemiology & Biostatistics, BioBanking & Molecular Resource Infrastructure, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (JD); Radiation Medicine Center, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (CvG); Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA (JDG); Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK (EH); Danish Cancer Society Research Centre, Copenhagen, Denmark (JHO); Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden (UR); Division of Cancer Genomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan (TS); School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA (MTS); Division of Preventive Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases and German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany (CU); Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, UK (PV); Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (JM).
authors.forename: Cornelia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ulrich
authors.affiliation: Director's Office, Sections of Mechanisms of Carcinogenesis and Nutrition and Metabolism, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France (CPW, ZH, RH, AS); National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA (JRB); Department of Pathology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (BWDdJ); Department of Medical Epidemiology & Biostatistics, BioBanking & Molecular Resource Infrastructure, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (JD); Radiation Medicine Center, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (CvG); Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA (JDG); Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK (EH); Danish Cancer Society Research Centre, Copenhagen, Denmark (JHO); Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden (UR); Division of Cancer Genomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan (TS); School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA (MTS); Division of Preventive Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases and German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany (CU); Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, UK (PV); Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (JM).
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Vineis
authors.affiliation: Director's Office, Sections of Mechanisms of Carcinogenesis and Nutrition and Metabolism, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France (CPW, ZH, RH, AS); National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA (JRB); Department of Pathology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (BWDdJ); Department of Medical Epidemiology & Biostatistics, BioBanking & Molecular Resource Infrastructure, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (JD); Radiation Medicine Center, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (CvG); Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA (JDG); Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK (EH); Danish Cancer Society Research Centre, Copenhagen, Denmark (JHO); Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden (UR); Division of Cancer Genomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan (TS); School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA (MTS); Division of Preventive Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases and German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany (CU); Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, UK (PV); Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (JM).
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: McLaughlin
mesh_terms: D019049:Developed Countries; D003906:Developing Countries; D055088:Early Detection of Cancer; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D014943:Global Health / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D033183:Interdisciplinary Communication; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000628:therapy*; D012109:Research Support as Topic; D057170:Translational Research, Biomedical / Q000639:trends