title: Differences in physicochemical properties to consider in the design, evaluation and choice between microparticles and nanoparticles for drug delivery.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The increase in the development of novel nanoparticle drug delivery systems makes the choice between micro- and nanoscale drug delivery systems ubiquitous. Changes in physical and chemical properties between micro- to nanosized particles give them different properties that influence their physiological, anatomical and clinical behavior and therefore potential application.
  
  
  METHODS
  This review focuses on the effect changes in the surface-to-volume ratio have on the thermal properties, solubility, dissolution and crystallization of micro- versus nanosized drug delivery systems. With these changes in the physicochemical properties in mind, the review covers computational and biophysical approaches to the design and evaluation of micro- and nanodelivery systems. The emphasis of the review is on the effect these properties have on clinical performance in terms of drug release, tissue retention, biodistribution, efficacy, toxicity and therefore choice of delivery system.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ultimately, the choice between micro- and nanometer-sized delivery systems is not straightforward. However, if the fundamental differences in physical and chemical properties are considered, it can be much easier to make a rational choice of the appropriate drug delivery system size.
authors.affiliation: North-West University, Research Focus Area for Chemical Resource Beneficiation, Catalysis and Synthesis Research Group , Potchefstroom 2531 , South Africa.
authors.forename: Daniel P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Otto
authors.forename: Anja
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Otto
authors.forename: Melgardt M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: de Villiers
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D015195:Drug Design; D006801:Humans; D053758:Nanoparticles; D010316:Particle Size; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry; D012995:Solubility; D014018:Tissue Distribution
chemical_list: D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations
keywords: delivery; drug; micrometer; nanometer