title: Synergy of lipopolysaccharide and resiquimod on type I interferon, pro-inflammatory cytokine, Th1 and Th2 response in chicken peripheral blood mononuclear cells.
abstract: Toll-like receptors (TLRs) recognize conserved molecular structures of invading pathogens and initiate an immune response to curtail the infection prior to the development of more powerful and specific adaptive immunity. Understanding the interactions between different TLRs in terms of immune response genes is a pre-requisite for using various TLR agonists alone or in combination as adjuvants or as stand-alone agents against various diseases. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and resiquimod (R-848) are TLR agonists that are recognized by TLR4 and TLR7, respectively. In this study, the effect of LPS and/or R-848 on chicken peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) was investigated. LPS and R-848 synergistically up-regulated the transcripts of interferon-β (IFN-β), IFN-γ, IL-4 and IL-1β as compared to the individual response (P<0.05). The results indicate that these agonists synergistically interact and enhance type-I IFN, pro-inflammatory cytokine as well as Th1 and Th2 responses in chicken PBMCs, suggesting their potential as an adjuvant candidate to be used in combination with various poultry vaccines.
authors.affiliation: Immunology Section, IVRI, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh 243 122, India. Electronic address: dearsaromib@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Saravanan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ramakrishnan
authors.affiliation: Immunology Section, IVRI, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh 243 122, India.
authors.forename: Arunsaravanakumar
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Annamalai
authors.affiliation: Immunology Section, IVRI, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh 243 122, India.
authors.forename: Swati
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sachan
authors.affiliation: Immunology Section, IVRI, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh 243 122, India.
authors.forename: Anand
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.affiliation: Immunology Section, IVRI, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh 243 122, India.
authors.forename: Bal Krishan
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.affiliation: Immunology Section, IVRI, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh 243 122, India.
authors.forename: Elaiyaraja
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Govindaraj
authors.affiliation: Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, IVRI, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh 243 122, India.
authors.forename: Madhan Mohan
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Chellappa
authors.affiliation: Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, IVRI, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh 243 122, India.
authors.forename: Sohini
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dey
authors.affiliation: Division of Animal Reproduction, IVRI, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh 243 122, India.
authors.forename: Narayanan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Krishnaswamy
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002645:Chickens / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood* / Q000235:genetics; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007109:Immunity / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism*; D007370:Interferon Type I / Q000097:blood*; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000096:biosynthesis; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology*; D018418:Th2 Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D007093:Imidazoles; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D007370:Interferon Type I; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D009569:Nitric Oxide; C402365:resiquimod
keywords: Adjuvant; Chicken PBMCs; Cross-talk; Cytokine; Inducible nitric oxide synthase; Lipopolysaccharide; Nitric oxide; Resiquimod; Synergism; Toll-like receptor