title: Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis secondary to Epstein Barr virus and Leishmania co-infection in a toddler.
abstract: This is the report of an EBV+Leishmanial co-infection. The patient developed hemophagocytic syndrome (HLH) and was treated with the standard HLH-2004 protocol. However, PCR in bone marrow discovered this secondary cause for HLH. In endemic countries, visceral leishmaniasis should be considered in the differential diagnosis even in EBV-related HLH, as chemotherapy toxicity may be avoided.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: DomInguez-Pinilla
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Baro-Fernández
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Hematology and Oncology Unit. Hospital Universitario "12 de Octubre", Carretera Andalucia km 5,400, Postal code 28041, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: L I
authors.initials: LI
authors.lastname: González-Granado
mesh_terms: D060085:Coinfection / Q000188:drug therapy; D020031:Epstein-Barr Virus Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005260:Female; D004854:Herpesvirus 4, Human / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007893:Leishmania donovani / Q000302:isolation & purification; D007898:Leishmaniasis, Visceral / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D051359:Lymphohistiocytosis, Hemophagocytic / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D016896:Treatment Outcome