title: Predictors of smokeless tobacco cessation among telephone quitline participants.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The prevalence of smokeless tobacco use in the U.S. is increasing and its use is a risk factor for a number of adverse health outcomes. Currently, there is limited evidence on the effectiveness of quitlines for tobacco cessation among smokeless tobacco users.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To examine factors related to tobacco abstinence among exclusive smokeless tobacco users registering for services with the Oklahoma Tobacco Helpline.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants included 959 male exclusive smokeless tobacco users registering with the Helpline between 2004 and 2012; a total of 374 completed a follow-up survey 7 months post-registration. Data were collected between 2004 and 2013 and included baseline data at Helpline registration, services received, and 7-month follow-up for 30-day point-prevalence for tobacco abstinence. Univariate and multiple logistic regression examined associations between abstinence and participant characteristics, intensity of Helpline intervention, and behavioral factors. ORs and 95% CIs were reported. Analyses were completed in 2013.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At the 7-month follow-up, 43% of the participants reported 30-day abstinence from tobacco. Each additional completed Helpline call increased the likelihood of tobacco cessation by 20% (OR=1.20, 95% CI=1.05, 1.38). Smokeless tobacco users with higher levels of motivation to quit at baseline were twice as likely to be abstinent than those with low or moderate levels of motivation (OR=2.05, 95% CI=1.25, 3.35). Use of nicotine replacement therapy was not associated with abstinence when adjusted for Helpline calls, income, and level of motivation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Tobacco quitlines offer an effective intervention to increase smokeless tobacco abstinence.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. Electronic address: nasir-mushtaq@ouhsc.edu.
authors.forename: Nasir
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mushtaq
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma.
authors.forename: Lindsay M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Boeckman
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma.
authors.forename: Laura A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Beebe
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003625:Data Collection; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D015277:Hotlines; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009825:Oklahoma / Q000453:epidemiology; D064424:Tobacco Use / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D020340:Tobacco Use Cessation / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D014029:Tobacco Use Disorder / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000534:rehabilitation*