title: Comparison of marginal adaptation of mineral trioxide aggregate, glass ionomer cement and intermediate restorative material as root-end filling materials, using scanning electron microscope: An in vitro study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The present study compares the marginal adaption of Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA), Glass Ionomer Cement (GIC) and Intermediate Restorative Material (IRM) as root-end filling materials in extracted human teeth using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM).
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty single rooted human teeth were obturated with Gutta-percha after cleaning and shaping. Apical 3 mm of roots were resected and retrofilled with MTA, GIC and IRM. One millimeter transverse section of the retrofilled area was used to study the marginal adaptation of the restorative material with the dentin. Mounted specimens were examined using SEM at approximately 15 Kv and 10(-6) Torr under high vacuum condition. At 2000 X magnification, the gap size at the material-tooth interface was recorded at 2 points in microns.
  
  
  METHODS
  One way ANOVA Analysis of the data from the experimental group was carried out with gap size as the dependent variable, and material as independent variable.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The lowest mean value of gap size was recorded in MTA group (0.722 ± 0.438 μm) and the largest mean gap in GIC group (1.778 ± 0.697 μm).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MTA showed least gap size when compared to IRM and GIC suggesting a better marginal adaptation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Narayana Dental College, Nellore, Andhra Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Sirisha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gundam
authors.affiliation: Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Sri Sai College of Dental Surgery, Vikarabad, Telangana, India.
authors.forename: Jayaprakash
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Patil
authors.affiliation: Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Sri Sai College of Dental Surgery, Vikarabad, Telangana, India.
authors.forename: Bhuvan Shome
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Venigalla
authors.affiliation: Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Narayana Dental College, Nellore, Andhra Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Sravanthi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yadanaparti
authors.affiliation: Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Sri Venkata Sai Institute of Dental Sciences, Mahabubnagar, Telangana, India.
authors.forename: Radhika
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Maddu
authors.affiliation: Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Sri Venkata Sai Institute of Dental Sciences, Mahabubnagar, Telangana, India.
authors.forename: Sindhura Reddy
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Gurram
keywords: Glass ionomer cement aggregate; intermediate restorative material; mineral trioxide; root-end filling; scanning electron microscope