title: Short communication: Milk fat depression induced by conjugated linoleic acid and a high-oil and low-fiber diet occurs equally across the day in Holstein cows.
abstract: Recently, a circadian rhythm of milk and milk component synthesis has been characterized that is partially dependent on the timing of feed intake. Our objective was to determine if inhibition of milk fat synthesis during diet-induced milk fat depression occurred to a higher degree during certain phases of the day. A retrospective analysis was conducted on 2 experiments that induced milk fat depression while milking cows 3 times per day at equal intervals. The response at each milking was analyzed using mixed model ANOVA with repeated measures. In experiment 1, nine multiparous Holstein cows were arranged in a 3×3 Latin square design, and treatments were control, 3-d intravenous infusion of 10 g/d of trans-10,cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), and a low-forage and high-fat diet for 10 d. In experiment 2, ten multiparous ruminally cannulated cows were arranged in a replicated design and milk samples were collected during a control period or after 5 d of abomasal infusion of 10 g/d of CLA. The daily pattern of milk fat concentration and yield did not differ between treatments in either experiment. In experiment 1, an effect was found of treatment and milking time on milk fat concentration and yield. Similarly, in experiment 2, main effects were found of treatment and milking time on milk fat concentration and an effect of treatment, but no effect of milking time on milk fat yield. Milk fat percent was increased from 3.41 to 4.06% and 3.25 to 3.48% from the morning to the afternoon milking in experiments 1 and 2, respectively. Additionally, milk fatty acid profile, including trans intermediates, was changed over the day in experiment 1, but the magnitude of the changes were small and the pattern did not differ among treatments. A daily rhythm of milk fat concentration and yield was observed in cows milked 3 times a day, but milk fat depression decreases milk fat yield equally over the day.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, Penn State University, University Park 16802.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, Penn State University, University Park 16802.
authors.forename: K L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Cook
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850.
authors.forename: D E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Bauman
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, Penn State University, University Park 16802. Electronic address: kjh182@psu.edu.
authors.forename: K J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Harvatine
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle / Q000502:physiology*; D002940:Circadian Rhythm; D004032:Diet / Q000662:veterinary*; D059305:Diet, High-Fat; D004042:Dietary Fats, Unsaturated / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004043:Dietary Fiber / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005223:Fats / Q000032:analysis*; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D007774:Lactation; D044243:Linoleic Acids, Conjugated / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008055:Lipids / Q000096:biosynthesis; D008892:Milk / Q000737:chemistry*; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D004042:Dietary Fats, Unsaturated; D004043:Dietary Fiber; D005223:Fats; D005227:Fatty Acids; D044243:Linoleic Acids, Conjugated; D008055:Lipids
keywords: circadian; conjugated linoleic acid; diurnal; milk fat depression