title: Effect of exercise and cognitive activity on self-reported sleep quality in community-dwelling older adults with cognitive complaints: a randomized controlled trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the effects of different types of physical and mental activity on self-reported sleep quality over 12 weeks in older adults with cognitive and sleep complaints.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomized controlled trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  General community.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy-two inactive community-dwelling older adults with self-reported sleep and cognitive problems (mean age 73.3 ± 6.1; 60% women).
  
  
  METHODS
  Random allocation to four arms using a two-by-two factorial design: aerobic+cognitive training, aerobic+educational DVD, stretching+cognitive training, and stretching+educational DVD arms (60 min/d, 3 d/wk for physical and mental activity for 12 weeks).
  
  
  METHODS
  Change in sleep quality using seven questions from the Sleep Disorders Questionnaire on the 2005 to 2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (range 0-28, with higher scores reflecting worse sleep quality). Analyses used intention-to-treat methods.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sleep quality scores did not differ at baseline, but there was a significant difference between the study arms in change in sleep quality over time (P < .005). Mean sleep quality scores improved significantly more in the stretching+educational DVD arm (5.1 points) than in the stretching+cognitive training (1.2 points), aerobic+educational DVD (1.1 points), or aerobic+cognitive training (0.25 points) arms (all P < .05, corrected for multiple comparisons). Differences between arms were strongest for waking at night (P = .02) and taking sleep medications (P = .004).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Self-reported sleep quality improved significantly more with low-intensity physical and mental activities than with moderate- or high-intensity activities in older adults with self-reported cognitive and sleep difficulties. Future longer-term studies with objective sleep measures are needed to corroborate these results.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California; Department of Neurology, Institute for Neuroimaging and Informatics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California.
authors.forename: Judy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pa
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Goodson
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bloch
authors.forename: Abby C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: King
authors.forename: Kristine
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yaffe
authors.forename: Deborah E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Barnes
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012893:Sleep Wake Disorders / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: aging; cognition; intervention; physical activity; sleep