title: Persistent cerebrovascular damage after stroke in type two diabetic rats measured by magnetic resonance imaging.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Diabetes mellitus is a disease with vascular components. Consequently, the blood-brain barrier disruption after stroke may differ between diabetic and nondiabetic animals. However, few studies have documented the longitudinal blood-brain barrier disruption afte stroke in diabetic animals. In this study, using MRI, we noninvasively evaluated the blood-brain barrier damage after middle cerebral artery occlusion in diabetic and nondiabetic rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) was induced in adult male Wistar rats by administration of a high-fat diet in combination with a single intraperitoneal injection (35 mg/kg) of streptozotocin. T2DM rats (n=9) and nondiabetic wild-type (WT) rats (n=9) were subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion for 2 hours using the filament model. MRI was performed 1 day and then weekly for 5 weeks after middle cerebral artery occlusion for all rats.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The ischemic lesion volumes after stroke as measured using T2 maps were not significantly different between the T2DM and WT rats. Compared with the WT rats, the volumes of blood-brain barrier disruption evaluated using contrast-enhanced T1-weighted imaging with gadolinium-diethylenetriamine penta-acetic acid and the cerebral hemorrhagic volumes measured with susceptibility-weighted imaging were significantly (P<0.05) larger in the T2DM rats from 1 to 5 weeks after stroke; values of diffusion fractional anisotropy were significantly lower in T2DM rats (P<0.03) than in WT rats after stroke. These MRI measurements were consistent with histological data.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Using MRI, T2-weighted imaging did not detect significant differences of the ischemic lesion volumes between T2DM and WT rats. In contrast to the WT rats, however, contrast-enhanced T1-weighted imaging and susceptibility-weighted imaging identified much more severe ischemic vascular damage, whereas fractional anisotropy demonstrated lower axonal density in the T2DM rats after stroke.
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI (G.D., T.Y., J.C., M.C., L.L., Q.L., C.C., R.N., Q.J.); and Department of Physics, Oakland University, Rochester, MI (M.C.).
authors.forename: Guangliang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI (G.D., T.Y., J.C., M.C., L.L., Q.L., C.C., R.N., Q.J.); and Department of Physics, Oakland University, Rochester, MI (M.C.).
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI (G.D., T.Y., J.C., M.C., L.L., Q.L., C.C., R.N., Q.J.); and Department of Physics, Oakland University, Rochester, MI (M.C.).
authors.forename: Jieli
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI (G.D., T.Y., J.C., M.C., L.L., Q.L., C.C., R.N., Q.J.); and Department of Physics, Oakland University, Rochester, MI (M.C.).
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chopp
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI (G.D., T.Y., J.C., M.C., L.L., Q.L., C.C., R.N., Q.J.); and Department of Physics, Oakland University, Rochester, MI (M.C.).
authors.forename: Lian
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI (G.D., T.Y., J.C., M.C., L.L., Q.L., C.C., R.N., Q.J.); and Department of Physics, Oakland University, Rochester, MI (M.C.).
authors.forename: Qingjiang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI (G.D., T.Y., J.C., M.C., L.L., Q.L., C.C., R.N., Q.J.); and Department of Physics, Oakland University, Rochester, MI (M.C.).
authors.forename: Chengcheng
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI (G.D., T.Y., J.C., M.C., L.L., Q.L., C.C., R.N., Q.J.); and Department of Physics, Oakland University, Rochester, MI (M.C.).
authors.forename: Ruizhuo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ning
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI (G.D., T.Y., J.C., M.C., L.L., Q.L., C.C., R.N., Q.J.); and Department of Physics, Oakland University, Rochester, MI (M.C.). qjiang1@hfhs.org.
authors.forename: Quan
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Jiang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002561:Cerebrovascular Disorders / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D020521:Stroke / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology*
keywords: blood–brain barrier; diabetes mellitus; hemorrhage; magnetic resonance imaging; rats; stroke