title: Bovine adenovirus-3 as a vaccine delivery vehicle.
abstract: The use of vaccines is an effective and relatively inexpensive means of controlling infectious diseases, which cause heavy economic losses to the livestock industry through animal loss, decreased productivity, treatment expenses and decreased carcass quality. However, some vaccines produced by conventional means are imperfect in many respects including virulence, safety and efficacy. Moreover, there are no vaccines for some animal diseases. Although genetic engineering has provided new ways of producing effective vaccines, the cost of production for veterinary use is a critical criterion for selecting the method of production and delivery of vaccines. The cost effective production and intrinsic ability to enter cells has made adenovirus vectors a highly efficient tool for delivery of vaccine antigens. Moreover, adenoviruses induce both humoral and cellular immune responses to expressed vaccine antigens. Since nonhuman adenoviruses are species specific, the development of animal specific adenoviruses as vaccine delivery vectors is being evaluated. This review summarizes the work related to the development of bovine adenovirus-3 as a vaccine delivery vehicle in animals, particularly cattle.
authors.affiliation: VIDO-InterVac, Vaccinology & Immunotherapeutics Program, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada S7N 5E3; Veterinary Microbiology, Vaccinology & Immunotherapeutics Program, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada S7N 5E3.
authors.forename: Lisanework E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Ayalew
authors.affiliation: VIDO-InterVac, Vaccinology & Immunotherapeutics Program, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada S7N 5E3.
authors.forename: Pankaj
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.affiliation: VIDO-InterVac, Vaccinology & Immunotherapeutics Program, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada S7N 5E3; Veterinary Microbiology, Vaccinology & Immunotherapeutics Program, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada S7N 5E3.
authors.forename: Amit
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gaba
authors.affiliation: VIDO-InterVac, Vaccinology & Immunotherapeutics Program, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada S7N 5E3; Veterinary Microbiology, Vaccinology & Immunotherapeutics Program, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada S7N 5E3.
authors.forename: Niraj
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Makadiya
authors.affiliation: VIDO-InterVac, Vaccinology & Immunotherapeutics Program, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada S7N 5E3; Veterinary Microbiology, Vaccinology & Immunotherapeutics Program, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada S7N 5E3; School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada S7N 5E3. Electronic address: Suresh.Tik@usask.ca.
authors.forename: Suresh K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Tikoo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D004337:Drug Carriers; D055808:Drug Discovery / Q000639:trends; D005822:Genetic Vectors; D007111:Immunity, Cellular; D056724:Immunity, Humoral; D017921:Mastadenovirus / Q000235:genetics*; D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D014614:Vaccines, Synthetic / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology*; D014730:Veterinary Medicine / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D004337:Drug Carriers; D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated; D014614:Vaccines, Synthetic
keywords: BHV-1 gDt; Bovine adenovirus; Cytokines; Mucosal immunization; Pre-existing immunity; Vaccine antigens; Vectored vaccine; Veterinary vaccine