title: Effects of physicochemical properties of nanomaterials on their toxicity.
abstract: Due to their unique size and properties, nanomaterials have numerous applications, which range from electronics, cosmetics, household appliances, energy storage, and semiconductor devices, to medical products such as biological sensors, drug carriers, bioprobes, and implants. Many of the promising properties of nanomaterials arise from their large surface to volume ratio and, therefore, nanobiomaterials that are implantable have a large contact area with the human body. Before, therefore, we can fully exploit nanomaterials, in medicine and bioengineering; it is necessary to understand how they can affect the human body. As a step in this direction, this review paper provides a comprehensive summary of the effects that the physicochemical properties of commonly used nanobiomaterials have on their toxicity. Furthermore, the possible mechanisms of toxicity are described with the aim to provide guidance concerning the design of the nanobiomaterials with desirable properties.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China.
authors.forename: Xiaoming
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China.
authors.forename: Lianwen
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil Engineering-Engineering Mechanics, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, 85721.
authors.forename: Katerina E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Aifantis
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedics, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, China.
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China.
authors.forename: Yubo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of New Ceramic and Fine Processing, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
authors.forename: Qingling
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of New Ceramic and Fine Processing, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
authors.forename: Fuzhai
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Materials and Engineering, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 8586, Japan.
authors.forename: Fumio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Watari
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D049329:Nanostructures / Q000633:toxicity*; D018675:Toxicity Tests
keywords: nanomaterials; nanoparticles; physicochemical properties; toxicity