title: Long-Term Efficacy of Methylphenidate Immediate-Release for the Treatment of Childhood ADHD.
abstract: To evaluate the long-term effects of methylphenidate imediate-release (MPH-IR), and to confirm the efficacy established in previous meta-analyses of short-term studies.
  
  
  
  Published and unpublished studies in which participants were treated with MPH-IR for 12 weeks or more were searched. Pooled effect sizes from these studies were computed with the DerSimonian and Laird random-effect model. Meta-regression analysis was conducted to estimate covariates associated with treatment effects.
  
  
  
  Seven studies were included. Pooled parents ratings for inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity resulted in standardized mean difference (SMD) = 0.96 (95% confidence interval [CI] = [0.60, 1.32]) and SMD = 1.12 (95% CI = [0.85, 1.39]), respectively; pooled teachers ratings showed SMD = 0.98 (95% CI = [0.09, 1.86]) for inattention and SMD = 1.25 (95% CI = [0.7, 1.81]) for hyperactivity/impulsivity. No evidence of association of any covariates with treatment effect was detected in the meta-regression.
  
  
  
  MPH-IR is efficacious for childhood ADHD for periods longer than 12 weeks.
authors.affiliation: 1 Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
authors.forename: Carlos Renato Moreira
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Maia
authors.affiliation: 2 Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Nottingham, UK.
authors.forename: Samuele
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cortese
authors.affiliation: 1 Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
authors.forename: Arthur
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Caye
authors.affiliation: 3 ADHD Outpatient Program, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Brazil.
authors.forename: Thomas Kuhn
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Deakin
authors.affiliation: 4 University of São Paulo Medical School, Brazil.
authors.forename: Guilherme Vanoni
authors.initials: GV
authors.lastname: Polanczyk
authors.affiliation: 1 Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
authors.forename: Carísi Anne
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Polanczyk
authors.affiliation: 1 Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
authors.forename: Luis Augusto Paim
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Rohde
mesh_terms: D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000188:drug therapy*; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002648:Child; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007175:Impulsive Behavior / Q000187:drug effects; D008774:Methylphenidate / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D012044:Regression Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants; D008774:Methylphenidate
keywords: ADHD; meta-analysis; methylphenidate; review