title: The impact of six months strength training, nutritional supplementation or cognitive training on DNA damage in institutionalised elderly.
abstract: Aging and its aligned loss of muscle mass are associated with higher levels of DNA damage and deteriorated antioxidant defence. To improve the body's overall resistance against DNA damage, maintaining a healthy and active lifestyle is desirable, especially in the elderly. As people age, many have to change their residence from home living to an institution, which is often accompanied by malnutrition, depression and inactivity. The current study aimed at investigating the effect of a 6-month progressive resistance training (RT), with or without protein and vitamin supplementation (RTS), or cognitive training (CT), on DNA strand breaks in 105 Austrian institutionalised women and men (65-98 years). DNA damage was detected by performing the single cell gel electrophoresis (comet) assay. Physical fitness was assessed using the chair rise, the 6-min-walking and the handgrip strength test. In addition, antioxidant enzyme activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and catalase (CAT) were analysed. Basal DNA damage (lysis) increased significantly after 3 months of intervention in the RT group (T1 - T2 + 20%, P = 0.001) and the RTS group (T1 - T2 + 17%, P = 0.002) and showed a similar tendency in the CT group (T1 - T2 + 21%, P = 0.059). %DNA in tail decreased in cells exposed to H2O2 significantly in the RT (T1 - T2 - 24%, P = 0.030; T1 - T3 - 18%, P = 0.019) and CT (T1 - T2 - 21%, P = 0.004; T1 - T3 - 13%, P = 0.038) groups. Only RT and RTS groups showed significant differences overtime in enzyme activity (RT + 22% CAT-activity T1 - T3, P = 0.013; RTS + 6% SOD-activity T2 - T3, P = 0.005). Contrary to the time effects, no difference between groups was detected for any parameter at any time point. Our results suggest that both CT and RT improve resistance against H2O2 induced DNA damage and that a nutritional supplement has no further protective effect in institutionalised elderly.
authors.affiliation: Research Platform Active Ageing, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Bernhard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Franzke
authors.affiliation: Research Platform Active Ageing, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Halper
authors.affiliation: Department of Sport and Exercise Physiology, Centre for Sport Science and University Sports, University of Vienna, Auf der Schmelz 6, 1150 Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Marlene
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hofmann
authors.affiliation: Research Platform Active Ageing, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Oesen
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Waltraud
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Jandrasits
authors.affiliation: Institute for Statistics and Operations Research, University of Vienna, Grillparzerstraße 7, 1010 Vienna, Austria and.
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Baierl
authors.affiliation: Research Platform Active Ageing, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Anela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tosevska
authors.affiliation: Karl Landsteiner Institute for Remobilization and Functional Health/Institute for Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Kaiser Franz Joseph Spital, SMZ-Süd, Kundratstraße 3, 1100 Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Eva-Maria
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Strasser
authors.affiliation: Research Platform Active Ageing, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria, Department of Sport and Exercise Physiology, Centre for Sport Science and University Sports, University of Vienna, Auf der Schmelz 6, 1150 Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wessner
authors.affiliation: Research Platform Active Ageing, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria, Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria, karl-heinz.wagner@univie.ac.at.
authors.forename: Karl-Heinz
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Wagner
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology*; D001317:Austria; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; D020552:Comet Assay; D004249:DNA Damage / Q000235:genetics*; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D005260:Female; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D007326:Institutionalization; D008297:Male; D009747:Nutritional Physiological Phenomena / Q000502:physiology*; D055070:Resistance Training; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D014815:Vitamins / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D004044:Dietary Proteins; D014815:Vitamins; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D002374:Catalase; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase