title: Clinical application of genetically modified T cells in cancer therapy.
abstract: Immunotherapies are emerging as highly promising approaches for the treatment of cancer. In these approaches, a variety of materials are used to boost immunity against malignant cells. A key component of many of these approaches is functional tumor-specific T cells, but the existence and activity of sufficient T cells in the immune repertoire is not always the case. Recent methods of generating tumor-specific T cells include the genetic modification of patient lymphocytes with receptors to endow them with tumor specificity. These T cells are then expanded in vitro followed by infusion of the patient in adoptive cell transfer protocols. Genes used to modify T cells include those encoding T-cell receptors and chimeric antigen receptors. In this review, we provide an introduction to the field of genetic engineering of T cells followed by details of their use against cancer in the clinic.
authors.affiliation: Sir Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne , Melbourne, Victoria, Australia ; Department of Immunology, Monash University , Prahran, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: Michael H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Kershaw
authors.affiliation: Sir Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne , Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: Jennifer A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Westwood
authors.affiliation: Sir Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne , Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: Clare Y
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Slaney
authors.affiliation: Sir Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne , Melbourne, Victoria, Australia ; Department of Immunology, Monash University , Prahran, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: Phillip K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Darcy
keywords: adoptive cell transfer; chimeric antigen receptor; gene therapy