title: Upregulation of jasmonate biosynthesis and jasmonate-responsive genes in rice leaves in response to a bacterial pathogen mimic.
abstract: Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, the causal agent of bacterial blight of rice, secretes several cell wall degrading enzymes including cellulase (ClsA) and lipase/esterase (LipA). Prior treatment of rice leaves with purified cell wall degrading enzymes such as LipA can confer enhanced resistance against subsequent X. oryzae pv. oryzae infection. To understand LipA-induced rice defense responses, microarray analysis was performed 12 h after enzyme treatment of rice leaves. This reveals that 867 (720 upregulated and 147 downregulated) genes are differentially regulated (≥2-fold). A number of genes involved in defense, stress, signal transduction, and catabolic processes were upregulated while a number of genes involved in photosynthesis and anabolic processes were downregulated. The microarray data also suggested upregulation of jasmonic acid (JA) biosynthetic and JA-responsive genes. Estimation of various phytohormones in LipA-treated rice leaves demonstrated a significant increase in the level of JA-Ile (a known active form of JA) while the levels of other phytohormones were not changed significantly with respect to buffer-treated control. This suggests a role for JA-Ile in cell wall damage induced innate immunity. Furthermore, a comparative analysis of ClsA- and LipA-induced rice genes has identified key rice functions that might be involved in elaboration of damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP)-induced innate immunity.
authors.affiliation: CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500 007, Andhra Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Ashish
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ranjan
authors.forename: Jyothilakshmi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vadassery
authors.forename: Hitendra Kumar
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.forename: Alok
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pandey
authors.forename: Ramesh
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Palaparthi
authors.forename: Axel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mithöfer
authors.forename: Ramesh V
authors.initials: RV
authors.lastname: Sonti
mesh_terms: D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002480:Cellulase / Q000494:pharmacology; D003517:Cyclopentanes / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D004950:Esterases / Q000494:pharmacology; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D008049:Lipase / Q000494:pharmacology; D012275:Oryza / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D054883:Oxylipins / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020156:Salicylic Acid / Q000032:analysis; D059467:Transcriptome; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D003517:Cyclopentanes; C079999:LipA protein, Bacteria; D054883:Oxylipins; C011006:jasmonic acid; D004950:Esterases; D008049:Lipase; D002480:Cellulase; D020156:Salicylic Acid