title: The intake of energy and selected nutrients by thai urban sedentary workers: an evaluation of adherence to dietary recommendations.
abstract: Rapid changes in Thailand's nutrition and lifestyles have led to increasing diet-related pathologies among people with sedentary occupations. This study examines the extent to which the dietary intake of nutrients and energy by a sample of Thai sedentary workers conforms to the Thai Dietary Reference Intakes (Thai DRIs). The nutrients and energy intake estimates were based on self-reported information collected with a single 24-hour dietary recall and nonweighed 2-day food record. The study participants were Thai adults aged 20-50 years employed in sedentary occupations. A convenience sample of 215 healthy individuals (75 males and 140 females) was based on four randomly selected worksites in the Bangkok metropolitan area. For male participants, the study found a median energy intake of 1,485 kcal/day, with 54.4% of energy coming from carbohydrate, 15.9% from protein, and 29.6% from fat. Females' median energy intake was 1,428 kcal/day, 56% of which came from carbohydrate, 16.2% from protein, and 28.6% from fat. Both genders showed insufficient intake of fiber and most micronutrients. This study provides the material for preventive public health interventions focusing on nutrition-related diseases affecting Thailand's rapidly growing sedentary workforce.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, 420/1 Ratchawithi Road, Ratchathewi, Bangkok 10400, Thailand.
authors.forename: Katiya
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-9831-9295
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ivanovitch
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, 420/1 Ratchawithi Road, Ratchathewi, Bangkok 10400, Thailand.
authors.forename: Jeeranun
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-6787-2482
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Klaewkla
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, 420/1 Ratchawithi Road, Ratchathewi, Bangkok 10400, Thailand.
authors.forename: Rewadee
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Chongsuwat
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, 420/1 Ratchawithi Road, Ratchathewi, Bangkok 10400, Thailand.
authors.forename: Chukiat
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Viwatwongkasem
authors.affiliation: Regional Health Promotion Center 8, Nakhon Sawan, 157 Moo 1, Phahonyothin Road, Muang District, Nakhon Sawan 6000, Thailand.
authors.forename: Wanicha
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Kitvorapat