title: The role of stigma and medical mistrust in the routine health care engagement of black men who have sex with men.
abstract: Objectives: We assessed how health care-related stigma, global medical mistrust, and personal trust in one's health care provider relate to engaging in medical care among Black men who have sex with men (MSM).
  
  
  METHODS
  In 2012, we surveyed 544 Black MSM attending a community event. We completed generalized linear modeling and mediation analyses in 2013.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-nine percent of participants reported experiencing racial and sexual orientation stigma from heath care providers and 48% reported mistrust of medical establishments. We found that, among HIV-negative Black MSM, those who experienced greater stigma and global medical mistrust had longer gaps in time since their last medical exam. Furthermore, global medical mistrust mediated the relationship between stigma and engagement in care. Among HIV-positive Black MSM, experiencing stigma from health care providers was associated with longer gaps in time since last HIV care appointment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Interventions focusing on health care settings that support the development of greater awareness of stigma and mistrust are urgently needed. Failure to address psychosocial deterrents will stymie progress in biomedical prevention and cripple the ability to implement effective prevention and treatment strategies.
authors.affiliation: Lisa A. Eaton is with Human Development and Family Studies, University of Connecticut, Storrs. Daniel D. Driffin, Christopher Kegler, Harlan Smith, Christopher Conway-Washington, Denise White, and Chauncey Cherry are with the SHARE Project, University of Connecticut.
authors.forename: Lisa A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Eaton
authors.forename: Daniel D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Driffin
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kegler
authors.forename: Harlan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Conway-Washington
authors.forename: Denise
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: White
authors.forename: Chauncey
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cherry
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American / Q000523:psychology*; D003695:Delivery of Health Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005845:Georgia / Q000453:epidemiology; D006679:HIV Seropositivity / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology / Q000523:psychology; D063509:Homophobia / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D018451:Homosexuality, Male / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010342:Patient Acceptance of Health Care / Q000208:ethnology / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D063505:Racism / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D013240:Stereotyping; D035502:Trust / Q000523:psychology*