title: Prox1 expression in the endolymphatic sac revealed by whole-mount fluorescent imaging of Prox1-GFP transgenic mice.
abstract: This study describes a technical breakthrough in endolymphatic sac research, made possible by the use of the recently generated Prox1-GFP transgenic mouse model. Whole-mount imaging techniques through the decalcified temporal bone and three-dimensional observations of Prox1-GFP mouse tissue revealed the positive labeling of the endolymphatic sac in adult stage, and allowed, for the first time, the GFP-based identification of endolymphatic sac epithelial cells. Prox1 expression was observed in all parts of the endolymphatic sac epithelia. In intermediate portion of the endolymphatic sac, mitochondria-rich cells did not express Prox1, although ribosome-rich cells showed strong GFP labeling. The anatomical relationship between the endolymphatic sac and the surrounding vasculature was directly observed. In the endolymphatic sac, expression of Prox1 may suggest progenitor cell-like pluripotency or developmental similarity to systemic lymphatic vessels in other organs. This whole-mount imaging technique of the endolymphatic sac can be combined with other conventional histological, sectioning, and labeling techniques and will be very useful for future endolymphatic sac research.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan. Electronic address: takenori@med.kagawa-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Takenori
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Miyashita
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Biophysics and Department of Medicine, Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
authors.forename: James L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Burford
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
authors.forename: Young-Kwon
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Biophysics and Department of Medicine, Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
authors.forename: Haykanush
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gevorgyan
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Biophysics and Department of Medicine, Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lam
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hoshikawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan.
authors.forename: Nozomu
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mori
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Biophysics and Department of Medicine, Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
authors.forename: Janos
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Peti-Peterdi
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D004712:Endolymphatic Sac / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D005453:Fluorescence; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D000098551:Prospero-Related Homeobox 1 Protein
chemical_list: D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins; D000098551:Prospero-Related Homeobox 1 Protein; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins
keywords: Blood vessels; Endolymphatic sac; Inner ear; Prox1; Whole-mount imaging