title: A novel enzymatic approach in the production of food with low purine content using Arxula adeninivorans endogenous and recombinant purine degradative enzymes.
abstract: The purine degradation pathway in humans ends with uric acid, which has low water solubility. When the production of uric acid is increased either by elevated purine intake or by impaired kidney function, uric acid will accumulate in the blood (hyperuricemia). This increases the risk of gout, a disease described in humans for at least 1000 years. Many lower organisms, such as the yeast Arxula adeninivorans, possess the enzyme, urate oxidase that converts uric acid to 5-hydroxyisourate, thus preventing uric acid accumulation. We have examined the complete purine degradation pathway in A. adeninivorans and analyzed enzymes involved. Recombinant adenine deaminase, guanine deaminase, urate oxidase and endogenous xanthine oxidoreductase have been investigated as potential additives to degrade purines in the food. Here, we review the current model of the purine degradation pathway of A. adeninivorans and present an overview of proposed enzyme system with perspectives for its further development.
authors.affiliation: a Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK) ; Gatersleben , Germany.
authors.forename: Dagmara A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Jankowska
authors.forename: Anke
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Trautwein-Schult
authors.forename: Arno
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cordes
authors.forename: Rüdiger
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bode
authors.forename: Keith
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Baronian
authors.forename: Gotthard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kunze
mesh_terms: D005503:Food Additives / Q000378:metabolism*; D005656:Fungal Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011687:Purines / Q000378:metabolism*; D004718:Saccharomycetales / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014503:Urate Oxidase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D005503:Food Additives; D005656:Fungal Proteins; D011687:Purines; D014503:Urate Oxidase; C030985:purine
keywords: Arxula adeninivorans; HIU, 5-hydroxyisourate; OHCU, 2-oxo-4-hydroxy-4-carboxy-5-ureidoimidazoline; dcw, dry cell weight; enzymes; food treatment; gout; hyperuricemia; purine degradation pathway; purines; yeast