title: Various applications of deep temporal fascia in rhinoplasty.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In Asians, nasal dorsal and tip augmentation procedures are usually performed at the same time, and most dorsal augmentations use implants. In this study, dorsal augmentation was given by various types of grafts using deep temporal fascia (DTF) for primary rhinoplasty cases using only autologous tissues to improve the curve of hump noses and depressions. For secondary rhinoplasty cases, DTF was used to improve implant demarcation and transparency. Such effectiveness and utility of DTF is discussed.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between May 2009 and May 2012, we performed rhinoplasty using DTF in 175 patients, which included 78 secondary surgery patients and 128 female patients. The mean age of the patients was 31.4. DTF was utilized with various types of grafts without implants to improve the curve in dorsal augmentation of hump noses and cases that required curve betterment. DTF was used to improve implant demarcation and transparency for secondary cases.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean follow-up duration was 1.5 years. Of the 175 patients, 81% were satisfied with the natural correction achieved, whereas 19% complained of undercorrection, which was resolved with additional surgery. No specific complications such as nasal inflammation or contractures were observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  DTF can be used with various graft methods for correction of radix, dorsal, and tip irregularities. It can also be used to correct implant contour transparency in secondary rhinoplasty and thus may be considered as a useful supplementary graft material in rhinoplasty for Asians.
authors.affiliation: April31 Aesthetic Plastic Surgery Clinic, Seoul, Korea. april31psw@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Sung Wan
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: April31 Aesthetic Plastic Surgery Clinic, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Jae Hoon
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Chang Yong
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Kyu Hwa
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.affiliation: April31 Aesthetic Plastic Surgery Clinic, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Jin Woo
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Song
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002356:Cartilage / Q000601:surgery; D005205:Fascia / Q000637:transplantation*; D000071938:Fasciotomy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009666:Nose / Q000601:surgery; D019736:Prostheses and Implants; D012225:Rhinoplasty; D014182:Transplantation, Autologous
keywords: Deep temporal fascia; rhinoplasty