title: Phase II study of afatinib, an irreversible ErbB family blocker, in EGFR FISH-positive non-small-cell lung cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Afatinib, an oral irreversible ErbB Family Blocker, has demonstrated efficacy and safety in epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation-positive advanced lung adenocarcinoma. It is unknown whether such activity also occurs in patients with EGFR gene overexpression, regardless of mutation status. This phase II study investigated the activity and safety of afatinib in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer with increased EGFR gene copy number and/or gene amplification by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), with or without EGFR mutation.
  
  
  METHODS
  EGFR gene overexpression was assessed by FISH analysis; patients with high polysomy or gene amplification were considered FISH positive. Patients received daily afatinib less than or equal to 50 mg (monotherapy). Endpoints included objective response rate (ORR; primary), disease control rate (DCR), progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and safety.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 223 patients screened, 69 patients were FISH-positive and met eligibility criteria for treatment. The ORR was 13.0% overall (n =9 of 69). Higher ORRs were observed in patients with gene amplification (20.0%; n =5 of 25) and EGFR mutation-positive tumors (25.0%; n =3 of 12). The DCR was 50.7% overall (n = 35 of 69; median duration: 24.9 weeks) with higher DCRs observed in patients with gene amplification 64.0%; (n = 16 of 25), and in patients with EGFR mutation-positive tumors 66.7% (n = 8 of 12). In the overall population, median PFS was 8.4 weeks and median OS was 50.4 weeks. The most common afatinib-related adverse events were rash/acne (83%) and diarrhea (78%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  First- or second-line afatinib demonstrated preliminary activity and manageable safety in EGFR FISH-positive patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer.
authors.affiliation: *Istituto Toscano Tumori, Ospedale Civile di Livorno, Livorno, Italy; †Humanitas Cancer Center, Istituto Clinico Humanitas IRCCS, Rozzano, Italy; ‡IRCCS AOU San Martino IST - Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, Lung Cancer Unit, Genova, Italy; §San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy; ‖Istituto Oncologico Veneto IRCSS, Padova, Italy; ¶Clinical Research Center, Center of Excellence on Aging, University Foundation, Chieti, Italy; #IRCCS Humanitas Clinical Institute, Rozzano, Milan, Italy; **Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Vienna, Austria; ††Boehringer Ingelheim Italia SpA, Milan, Italy; and ‡‡Boehringer Ingelheim Ltd., Bracknell, UK.
authors.forename: Federico
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Cappuzzo
authors.forename: Giovanna
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Finocchiaro
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Grossi
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bidoli
authors.forename: Adolfo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Favaretto
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Marchetti
authors.forename: Maria Luisa
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Valente
authors.forename: Agnieszka
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cseh
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Clementi
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Massey
authors.forename: Armando
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Santoro
mesh_terms: D000077716:Afatinib; D000368:Aged; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm / Q000032:analysis*; D066246:ErbB Receptors / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D018773:Genes, erbB-1 / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D017404:In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence / Q000379:methods; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009154:Mutation; D011799:Quinazolines / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D004273:DNA, Neoplasm; D011799:Quinazolines; D000077716:Afatinib; C512478:EGFR protein, human; D066246:ErbB Receptors