title: [Esophageal motility characteristics of refractory heartburn: a study based on high resolution manometry and 24 hour pH-impedance monitoring].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyze the esophageal motility characteristics of refractory heartburn with different reflux patterns and preliminarily clarify the roles of esophageal disorder in refractory heartburn.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 176 refractory heartburn patients were enrolled from 2009 to 2013. After gastroscopy and 24 hour pH-impedance monitoring, they were divided into 4 groups of reflux esophagitis (RE, n = 29), non-erosive reflux disease with acid reflux (NERD-acid, n = 51), NERD with weakly acidic reflux (NERD-weakly acid, n = 51) and non-reflux associated heartburn (n = 45). All subjects undertake high resolution manometry test and their esophageal motility functions were analyzed by the Chicago classification criteria 2012.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among them, 60.23% (106/176) patients presented esophageal motility disorders. And 42.61% (75/176) fulfilled the criteria of weak peristalsis, 7.39% (13/176) distal esophageal spasm, 4.55% (8/176) rapid contraction, 3.98% (7/176) EGJ outflow obstruction, 1.14% (2/176) hiatus hernia and 1 Jackhammer esophagus. The detection rates of esophageal motility disorder were similar among 4 groups and weak peristalsis was the most common disorder in all groups (41.38% in RE, 37.25% in NERD-acid patients, 54.90% in NERD-weakly acid and 35.56% in non-reflux associated heartburn patients). However, hypertensive motility disorders in non-reflux associated heartburn group (31.11%, 14/45) were more than GERD subgroups (11.45%, 15/131) (P < 0.05) . The relax ratio of low esophagus sphincter (LES) in GERD subgroups were higher than that in non-reflux associated heartburn patients. And the relax ratio of NERD-weakly acid was significantly higher than that in non-reflux associated heartburn patients (65% (50%-80%) vs 58% (42%-67%) , P < 0.05). The integrated relaxation pressure in GERD subgroups were lower than that of non-reflux associated heartburn patients without significant differences (P > 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Esophageal weak peristalsis is one of the most common motility disorders in refractory heartburn patients, and esophageal hypertensive motility disorders are common in non-reflux associated heartburn patients. Esophageal manometry is necessary for the diagnosis and treatment of refractory heartburn.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China.
authors.forename: Kun
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China. Email: duanlp@bjmu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Liping
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Duan
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China.
authors.forename: Zhiwei
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China.
authors.forename: Zhijie
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China.
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ge
mesh_terms: D017097:Electric Impedance; D004942:Esophagitis, Peptic; D004947:Esophagus / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005764:Gastroesophageal Reflux; D005773:Gastroscopy; D006356:Heartburn; D006801:Humans; D008365:Manometry