title: Prevalence and significance of persistently positive antiphospholipid antibodies in women with preeclampsia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the prevalence of antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) and their association with obstetric outcomes in women with preeclampsia.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study included 150 patients. Clinical variables, risk factors, and severity criteria for preeclampsia and aPL were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found aPL in 4% of patients without risk factors for preeclampsia and in no women with risk factors (p = 0.03). Fifty percent of aPL-positive patients had a fetus with intrauterine growth restriction versus 13.9% (p = 0.04). No relation between aPL and severe preeclampsia was found.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prevalence of aPL among women with preeclampsia is low. aPL can predispose women without risk factors to preeclampsia.
authors.affiliation: From the Autoimmune Diseases Research Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, and the Department of Obstetrics, BioCruces Health Research Institute, Hospital Universitario Cruces, University of the Basque Country, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV)/ Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (EHU), Bizkaia, Spain.C. Gonzalez-Echavarri, MD, Senior Registrar; I. Villar, MD, Consultant Physician; A. Ugarte, MD, Consultant Physician; G. Ruiz-Irastorza, MD, PhD, Professor of Medicine, Head of the Autoimmune Diseases Research Unit, Autoimmune Diseases Research Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, BioCruces Health Research Institute, Hospital Universitario Cruces, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU; R. Larrieta, MD, Consultant Physician, Department of Obstetrics, BioCruces Health Research Institute, Hospital Universitario Cruces. cristina.glzdeechavarri@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gonzalez-Echavarri
authors.affiliation: From the Autoimmune Diseases Research Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, and the Department of Obstetrics, BioCruces Health Research Institute, Hospital Universitario Cruces, University of the Basque Country, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV)/ Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (EHU), Bizkaia, Spain.C. Gonzalez-Echavarri, MD, Senior Registrar; I. Villar, MD, Consultant Physician; A. Ugarte, MD, Consultant Physician; G. Ruiz-Irastorza, MD, PhD, Professor of Medicine, Head of the Autoimmune Diseases Research Unit, Autoimmune Diseases Research Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, BioCruces Health Research Institute, Hospital Universitario Cruces, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU; R. Larrieta, MD, Consultant Physician, Department of Obstetrics, BioCruces Health Research Institute, Hospital Universitario Cruces.
authors.forename: Irama
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Villar
authors.affiliation: From the Autoimmune Diseases Research Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, and the Department of Obstetrics, BioCruces Health Research Institute, Hospital Universitario Cruces, University of the Basque Country, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV)/ Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (EHU), Bizkaia, Spain.C. Gonzalez-Echavarri, MD, Senior Registrar; I. Villar, MD, Consultant Physician; A. Ugarte, MD, Consultant Physician; G. Ruiz-Irastorza, MD, PhD, Professor of Medicine, Head of the Autoimmune Diseases Research Unit, Autoimmune Diseases Research Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, BioCruces Health Research Institute, Hospital Universitario Cruces, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU; R. Larrieta, MD, Consultant Physician, Department of Obstetrics, BioCruces Health Research Institute, Hospital Universitario Cruces.
authors.forename: Amaia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ugarte
authors.affiliation: From the Autoimmune Diseases Research Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, and the Department of Obstetrics, BioCruces Health Research Institute, Hospital Universitario Cruces, University of the Basque Country, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV)/ Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (EHU), Bizkaia, Spain.C. Gonzalez-Echavarri, MD, Senior Registrar; I. Villar, MD, Consultant Physician; A. Ugarte, MD, Consultant Physician; G. Ruiz-Irastorza, MD, PhD, Professor of Medicine, Head of the Autoimmune Diseases Research Unit, Autoimmune Diseases Research Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, BioCruces Health Research Institute, Hospital Universitario Cruces, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU; R. Larrieta, MD, Consultant Physician, Department of Obstetrics, BioCruces Health Research Institute, Hospital Universitario Cruces.
authors.forename: Rosa
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Larrieta
authors.affiliation: From the Autoimmune Diseases Research Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, and the Department of Obstetrics, BioCruces Health Research Institute, Hospital Universitario Cruces, University of the Basque Country, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV)/ Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (EHU), Bizkaia, Spain.C. Gonzalez-Echavarri, MD, Senior Registrar; I. Villar, MD, Consultant Physician; A. Ugarte, MD, Consultant Physician; G. Ruiz-Irastorza, MD, PhD, Professor of Medicine, Head of the Autoimmune Diseases Research Unit, Autoimmune Diseases Research Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, BioCruces Health Research Institute, Hospital Universitario Cruces, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU; R. Larrieta, MD, Consultant Physician, Department of Obstetrics, BioCruces Health Research Institute, Hospital Universitario Cruces.
authors.forename: Guillermo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ruiz-Irastorza
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017152:Antibodies, Antiphospholipid / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D011225:Pre-Eclampsia / Q000097:blood* / Q000276:immunology; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D017152:Antibodies, Antiphospholipid
keywords: ANTIPHOSPHOLIPID ANTIBODIES; INTRAUTERINE GROWTH RESTRICTION; OBSTETRIC OUTCOMES; PREECLAMPSIA