title: Comparison of the performance of different silica hydride particles for the solid-phase extraction of non-volatile analytes from dark chocolate with analysis by gas chromatography-quadrupole mass spectrometry.
abstract: The extraction capabilities of a Diamond Hydride™ phase, as well as silica hydride phases modified with bidentate octadecyl (BDC(18)), phenyl or cholesteryl groups, were evaluated for the analysis of fatty acids, amino acids, sugars and sterols in a dark chocolate extract. These batch adsorption performances were investigated using either methanol or aqueous methanol as the solvent. The compositions of the extracted fractions were assessed by gas chromatography interfaced with quadrupole mass spectrometry (GC-qMS). The batch binding propensities of the various compound classes with silica hydride particles modified with immobilised phenyl groups or larger ligands followed trends predicted from linear solvation energy relationships. Both prediction and experiment revealed that better extraction results could be obtained with the phenyl, BDC(18) and cholesteryl hydride particles for the major chocolate components. Based on these results, separations in micro-pipette tip format with these three types of stationary phase particles have been undertaken.
authors.affiliation: Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science, School of Chemistry, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia; School of Chemistry, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia.
authors.forename: Yada
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nolvachai
authors.affiliation: School of Chemistry, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia.
authors.forename: Chadin
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kulsing
authors.affiliation: School of Chemistry, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia.
authors.forename: Reinhard I
authors.initials: RI
authors.lastname: Boysen
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, San Jose State University, San Jose, CA 95192, USA.
authors.forename: Maria T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Matyska
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, San Jose State University, San Jose, CA 95192, USA.
authors.forename: Joseph J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Pesek
authors.affiliation: Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science, School of Chemistry, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia; School of Chemistry, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia.
authors.forename: Philip J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Marriott
authors.affiliation: School of Chemistry, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia. Electronic address: Milton.Hearn@monash.edu.
authors.forename: Milton T W
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Hearn
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D002099:Cacao / Q000737:chemistry*; D002241:Carbohydrates / Q000032:analysis; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000032:analysis; D005504:Food Analysis; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D000432:Methanol / Q000032:analysis; D017640:Silicates / Q000737:chemistry*; D052616:Solid Phase Extraction; D013261:Sterols / Q000032:analysis; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D002241:Carbohydrates; D005227:Fatty Acids; D017640:Silicates; D013261:Sterols; C487012:silica hydride; D014867:Water; D000432:Methanol
keywords: Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry; Linear solvation energy relationship; Silica hydride phases; Solid-phase extraction