title: Poststroke upper limb recovery.
abstract: Upper limb recovery after a stroke is suboptimal. Only a few individuals achieve full functional use of the hemiparetic arm. Complex primary and secondary impairments may affect recovery of upper limb function in stroke survivors. In addition, multiple personal, social, behavioral, economic, and environmental factors may interact to positively or negatively influence recovery during the different stages of rehabilitation. The current management of upper limb dysfunction poststroke has become more evidence based. In this article, we review the standard of care for upper limb poststroke rehabilitation, the evidence supporting the treatment modalities that currently exist and the exciting new developments in the therapeutic pipeline.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology/Rehabilitation Service, San Francisco VA Medical Center, San Francisco, California.
authors.forename: Adelyn P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Tsu
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology/Rehabilitation Service, San Francisco VA Medical Center, San Francisco, California.
authors.forename: Gary M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Abrams
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, University of California, San Francisco, California.
authors.forename: Nancy N
authors.initials: NN
authors.lastname: Byl
mesh_terms: D005081:Exercise Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D019018:Imagery, Psychotherapy / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020127:Recovery of Function / Q000502:physiology; D012371:Robotics / Q000379:methods; D020521:Stroke / Q000175:diagnosis*; D000071939:Stroke Rehabilitation; D034941:Upper Extremity / Q000502:physiology