title: Inflammation and weight gain in reproductive-aged women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate whether mid-pregnancy inflammation predicts the rate of subsequent gestational weight gain (GWG) and whether inflammation at 3 years post-partum is associated with weight and waist circumference (WC) gain during a median of 4.4 years follow-up.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study quantified CRP, IL-6 and TNF-α in plasma of 886 women at ∼28 weeks gestation and calculated GWG rate (kg/week) from blood draw to delivery. At ∼3 years post-partum, CRP and IL-6 were assessed from 351 women and weight and WC were measured at 3 and 7 years post-partum. This study used linear regression to investigate the relationship between mid-pregnancy inflammation and subsequent GWG rate and the association of inflammation at 3 years post-partum with weight and WC change during follow-up.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After accounting for confounders, a small dose-response association of mid-gestation CRP with subsequent GWG was observed; women in the 4th CRP quartile gained weight at 0.05 (95% CI = 0.01, 0.10) kg/week faster than those in the 1st quartile. Neither IL-6 nor TNF-α was related to GWG. Post-partum inflammation was not associated with subsequent weight or WC gain.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Higher mid-gestation CRP was related to modestly higher subsequent GWG rate. Future studies are warranted to confirm these findings.
authors.affiliation: a Obesity Prevention Program in the Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute , Boston , MA , USA .
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Perng
authors.affiliation: a Obesity Prevention Program in the Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute , Boston , MA , USA .
authors.forename: Sheryl L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Rifas-Shiman
authors.affiliation: b Connors Center for Women's Health, Brigham and Women's Hospital , Boston , MA , USA , and.
authors.forename: Janet W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Rich-Edwards
authors.affiliation: c Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine , Chapel Hill , NC , USA.
authors.forename: Alison M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Stuebe
authors.affiliation: a Obesity Prevention Program in the Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute , Boston , MA , USA .
authors.forename: Emily
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Oken
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000886:Anthropometry; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001835:Body Weight; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000473:pathology*; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D050177:Overweight; D049590:Postpartum Period; D011247:Pregnancy; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood; D055105:Waist Circumference; D015430:Weight Gain; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; C508600:IL6 protein, human; D015850:Interleukin-6; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D002097:C-Reactive Protein
keywords: C-reactive protein; gestational weight gain; inflammation; longitudinal; reproductive-aged women