title: Expanding role of perioperative transesophageal echocardiography in the general anesthesia practice and residency training in the USA.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To review the perioperative use of noncardiac transesophageal echocardiography in anesthesiology and to explore the current mechanisms of teaching and certification.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Anesthesiologists frequently use echocardiography in many noncardiac situations with potential impact on outcomes. Certification has evolved to include those who use echocardiography in noncardiac situations. More advanced teaching tools have been developed for the learning of diagnostic and monitoring modality.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Transesophageal echocardiography can have many helpful uses in perioperative patient care. This study summarizes many noncardiac uses, certification, and echocardiography education for anesthesiologists.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA.
authors.forename: W Brit
authors.initials: WB
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Albert R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Robinson
authors.forename: Gregory M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Janelle
mesh_terms: D000768:Anesthesia, General / Q000379:methods*; D000776:Anesthesiology / Q000193:education*; D002983:Clinical Competence; D017548:Echocardiography, Transesophageal / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007396:Internship and Residency; D019990:Perioperative Care / Q000379:methods*; D014481:United States