title: A strain-absorbing design for tissue-machine interfaces using a tunable adhesive gel.
abstract: To measure electrophysiological signals from the human body, it is essential to establish stable, gentle and nonallergic contacts between the targeted biological tissue and the electrical probes. However, it is difficult to form a stable interface between the two for long periods, especially when the surface of the biological tissue is wet and/or the tissue exhibits motion. Here we resolve this difficulty by designing and fabricating smart, stress-absorbing electronic devices that can adhere to wet and complex tissue surfaces and allow for reliable, long-term measurements of vital signals. We demonstrate a multielectrode array, which can be attached to the surface of a rat heart, resulting in good conformal contact for more than 3 h. Furthermore, we demonstrate arrays of highly sensitive, stretchable strain sensors using a similar design. Ultra-flexible electronics with enhanced adhesion to tissue could enable future applications in chronic in vivo monitoring of biological signals.
authors.affiliation: 1] Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan [2] Exploratory Research for Advanced Technology (ERATO), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.
authors.forename: Sungwon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: 1] Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan [2] Exploratory Research for Advanced Technology (ERATO), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.
authors.forename: Yusuke
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.affiliation: 1] Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan [2] Exploratory Research for Advanced Technology (ERATO), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.
authors.forename: Dongmin
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: 1] Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan [2] Exploratory Research for Advanced Technology (ERATO), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.
authors.forename: Amir
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Reuveny
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazunori
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kuribara
authors.affiliation: 1] Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan [2] Exploratory Research for Advanced Technology (ERATO), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.
authors.forename: Tomoyuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yokota
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Reeder
authors.affiliation: 1] Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan [2] Exploratory Research for Advanced Technology (ERATO), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.
authors.forename: Masaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sekino
authors.affiliation: 1] Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan [2] Exploratory Research for Advanced Technology (ERATO), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan [3] The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan.
authors.forename: Tsuyoshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sekitani
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
authors.forename: Yusuke
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Abe
authors.affiliation: 1] Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan [2] Exploratory Research for Advanced Technology (ERATO), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.
authors.forename: Takao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Someya
mesh_terms: D000269:Adhesives / Q000737:chemistry*; D000818:Animals; D017097:Electric Impedance; D004560:Electricity; D004566:Electrodes; D004594:Electrophysiology / Q000295:instrumentation*; D005782:Gels / Q000737:chemistry; D006321:Heart / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D051381:Rats
chemical_list: D000269:Adhesives; D005782:Gels