title: Parenteral medication prescriptions, dispensing and administration habits in Mongolia.
abstract: High levels of injection prescribing were reported in Mongolia. Understanding the factors influencing the injection prescribing is essential to reduce their inappropriate use. The study evaluated the views, experiences and attitudes of community members associated with the prescribing of injections in Mongolia. A structured questionnaire focusing on respondents' characteristics, experiences and views about injections was developed and administered face-to-face to community members in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia. Standard descriptive statistics were used to summarize demographic data and responses to the questionnaires. Dependent variables were compared using Kruskal-Wallis Tests for independence. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS Version 21.0. Six hundred participants were approached and the response rate was 79% (n = 474). Almost half of the respondents were aged between 31 and 50 (n = 228, 48.1%) and 40.9% of respondents were male (n = 194). Most respondents were from Ulaanbaatar city (n = 407, 85.7%). All respondents had received injections in the past and 268 (56.5%) had received injection in the past year. The most common reason for having an injection in the past year was reported as treatment of a disease (n = 163, 60.8%), or for administration of vitamins (n = 70, 26.1%). Injections were prescribed by a doctor (n = 353, 74.9%), dispensed by a pharmacist (n = 283, 59.7%) and administered by a nurse (n = 277, 54.9%). Only 16% of all respondents had the expectation of receiving injections when they visited a doctor (n = 77). An important perception regarding injections was that they hastened the recovery process (n = 269, 56.8%). When asked their opinion about therapeutic injections, 40% of all respondents agreed that injections were a better medicine (n = 190) than oral medications, with older respondents strongly agreeing (p<0.001). Based on this total sample, approximately 1891 injections per 1000 patients were administered. The excessive injection use seems to be promoted by inappropriate prescribing, dispensing and administration of medication by doctors and others.
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Bentley, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
authors.forename: Gereltuya
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Dorj
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Bentley, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
authors.forename: Bruce
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sunderland
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
authors.forename: Delia
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hendrie
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Bentley, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Parsons
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003710:Demography; D011307:Drug Prescriptions; D005260:Female; D006184:Habits; D006801:Humans; D057970:Inappropriate Prescribing; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008986:Mongolia; D011787:Quality of Health Care; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires