title: Transgenerational effects of two antidepressants (sertraline and venlafaxine) on Daphnia magna life history traits.
abstract: The low levels of antidepressants detected in surface waters currently raise concern about their potential long-term risks to nontarget aquatic organisms. We investigated the transgenerational effects of sertraline, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, and venlafaxine, a serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor, on the life traits of Daphnia magna over two generations under environmentally realistic concentrations. We also studied the reversibility of the effect using recovery experiments. We assessed daphnid survival, growth, and reproduction over 21 days and evidenced detectable effects of the antidepressants. Sertraline increased the F0-daphnid fecundity whereas it decreased the offspring number of F1-daphnids. Transfer to clean medium caused negative effects on the offspring of daphnids exposed to 0.3 μg L(–1), but improved the fecundity of offspring of daphnids exposed to 100 μg L(–1). Venlafaxine exposure decreased the offspring number of F0-daphnids and resulted in drug tolerance in the F1 generation. Sertraline, unlike venlafaxine, may turn out to be a true environmental threat due to its accumulation in algae and the physiological weakness observed over generations. These effects across generations point out to the need to perform multigeneration tests to assess the environmental risk of pharmaceuticals in nontarget organisms.
authors.forename: Laëtitia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Minguez
authors.forename: Céline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ballandonne
authors.forename: Christiane
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rakotomalala
authors.forename: Christelle
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dubreule
authors.forename: Valérie
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Kientz-Bouchart
authors.forename: Marie-Pierre
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Halm-Lemeille
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000928:Antidepressive Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003621:Daphnia / Q000187:drug effects*; D004777:Environment; D005260:Female; D005298:Fertility / Q000187:drug effects*; D018811:Maternal Exposure; D011157:Population Dynamics; D012098:Reproduction / Q000187:drug effects; D020280:Sertraline / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000069470:Venlafaxine Hydrochloride / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D000928:Antidepressive Agents; D000069470:Venlafaxine Hydrochloride; D020280:Sertraline