title: White spot lesions: prevention and management during the orthodontic treatment.
abstract: The formation of white spot lesions, or enamel demineralization, around fixed orthodontic attachments is a common complication during and following fixed orthodontic treatment, which marks the result of a successfully completed case. This article is a contemporary review of the risk factors and preventive methods of these orthodontics scars. Preventive programmes must be emphasized to all orthodontic patients. The responsibility of an orthodontist is to minimize the risk of the patient having decalcification as a consequence of orthodontic treatment by educating and motivating the patients for excellent oral hygiene practice. Prophylaxis with topical fluoride application should be implemented: high-fluoride toothpastes, fluoride mouthwashes, gels and varnishes during and after the orthodontic treatment, especially for patients at high risk of caries.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, Skopje, R. Macedonia.
authors.forename: Efka
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Zabokova-Bilbilova
authors.forename: Lidija
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Popovska
authors.forename: Biljana
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kapusevska
authors.forename: Emilija
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Stefanovska
mesh_terms: D002327:Cariostatic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D003731:Dental Caries / Q000517:prevention & control; D003743:Dental Enamel / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D009910:Oral Hygiene / Q000379:methods; D009967:Orthodontic Appliances; D009971:Orthodontics, Corrective / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D010353:Patient Education as Topic; D012307:Risk Factors; D017001:Tooth Demineralization / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D002327:Cariostatic Agents