title: Developmental programing of thirst and sodium appetite.
abstract: Thirst and sodium appetite are the sensations responsible for the motivated behaviors of water and salt intake, respectively, and both are essential responses for the maintenance of hydromineral homeostasis in animals. These sensations and their related behaviors develop very early in the postnatal period in animals. Many studies have demonstrated several pre- and postnatal stimuli that are responsible for the developmental programing of thirst and sodium appetite and, consequently, the pattern of water and salt intake in adulthood in need-free or need-induced conditions. The literature systematically reports the involvement of dietary changes, hydromineral and cardiovascular challenges, renin-angiotensin system and steroid hormone disturbances, and lifestyle in these developmental factors. Therefore, this review will address how pre- and postnatal challenges can program lifelong thirst and sodium appetite in animals and humans, as well as which neuroendocrine substrates are involved. In addition, the possible epigenetic molecular mechanisms responsible for the developmental programing of drinking behavior, the clinical implications of hydromineral disturbances during pre- and postnatal periods, and the developmental origins of adult hydromineral behavior will be discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biology, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropedica, Brazil; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Andre S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Mecawi
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medical Investigation Mercedes and Martín Ferreyra, INIMEC-CONICET-National University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Argentina; Department of Cellular Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Cordoba, Córdoba, Argentina.
authors.forename: Ana F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Macchione
authors.affiliation: Department of Functional Biology, Neuroscience Institute of Asturias (INEUROPA), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.
authors.forename: Paula
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Nuñez
authors.affiliation: Department of Functional Biology, Neuroscience Institute of Asturias (INEUROPA), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Perillan
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biology, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropedica, Brazil.
authors.forename: Luis C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Reis
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medical Investigation Mercedes and Martín Ferreyra, INIMEC-CONICET-National University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Argentina; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Exact, Physical and Natural Sciences, National University of Cordoba, Córdoba, Argentina.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Vivas
authors.affiliation: Department of Functional Biology, Neuroscience Institute of Asturias (INEUROPA), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain. Electronic address: jal@uniovi.es.
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Arguelles
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001066:Appetite / Q000502:physiology*; D001921:Brain / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology; D004326:Drinking / Q000502:physiology; D044127:Epigenesis, Genetic; D006801:Humans; D012982:Sodium, Dietary; D013894:Thirst / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D012982:Sodium, Dietary
keywords: Developmental programing; Epigenetic; Lifestyle; Neuroendocrine; Renin–angiotensin system; Sodium appetite; Thirst