title: First systematic experience of preimplantation genetic diagnosis for single-gene disorders, and/or preimplantation human leukocyte antigen typing, combined with 24-chromosome aneuploidy testing.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the feasibility, accuracy, and reproductive outcome of 24-chromosome aneuploidy testing (24-AT), combined with preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) for single-gene disorders (SGDs) or human leukocyte antigen (HLA) typing in the same biopsy sample.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Preimplantation genetic diagnosis center.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 238 PGD patients, average age 36.8 years, for whom 317 combined PGD cycles were performed, involving 105 different conditions, with or without HLA typing.
  
  
  METHODS
  Whole-genome amplification product, obtained in 24-AT, was used for PGD and/or HLA typing in the same blastomere or blastocyst biopsy samples.
  
  
  METHODS
  Proportion of the embryos suitable for transfer detected in these blastomere or blastocyst samples, and the resulting pregnancy and spontaneous abortion rates.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Embryos suitable for transfer were detected in 42% blastocyst and 25.1% blastomere samples, with a total of 280 unaffected, HLA-matched euploid embryos detected for transfer in 212 cycles (1.3 embryos per transfer), resulting in 145 (68.4%) unaffected pregnancies and birth of 149 healthy, HLA-matched children. This outcome is significantly different from that of our 2,064 PGD cycle series without concomitant 24-AT, including improved pregnancy (68.4% vs. 45.4%) and 3-fold spontaneous abortion reduction (5.5% vs. 15%) rates.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The introduced combined approach is a potential universal PGD test, which in addition to achieving extremely high diagnostic accuracy, significantly improves reproductive outcomes of PGD for SGDs and HLA typing in patients of advanced reproductive age.
authors.affiliation: Reproductive Genetics Institute, Northbrook, Illinois.
authors.forename: Svetlana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rechitsky
authors.affiliation: Reproductive Genetics Institute, Northbrook, Illinois.
authors.forename: Tatiana
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Pakhalchuk
authors.affiliation: Reproductive Genetics Institute, Northbrook, Illinois.
authors.forename: Geraldine
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: San Ramos
authors.affiliation: Reproductive Genetics Institute, Northbrook, Illinois.
authors.forename: Adam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Goodman
authors.affiliation: Reproductive Genetics Institute, Northbrook, Illinois.
authors.forename: Zev
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zlatopolsky
authors.affiliation: Reproductive Genetics Institute, Northbrook, Illinois. Electronic address: anverkuliev@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Anver
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kuliev
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000782:Aneuploidy; D005260:Female; D005820:Genetic Testing / Q000379:methods*; D006680:HLA Antigens / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D011247:Pregnancy; D019836:Preimplantation Diagnosis / Q000379:methods*; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D006680:HLA Antigens
keywords: Microarray-based 24-chromosome aneuploidy testing; PGD for single gene disorders; allele drop out (ADO) in whole genome amplification; blastocyst biopsy; preimplantation HLA typing; reproductive outcome