title: Sleep disorders in children with cerebral palsy and its correlation with sleep disturbance in primary caregivers and other associated factors.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To observe prevalence of sleep disturbance (SD) in cerebral palsy (CP) children in a specific age-group and its correlation with SD in primary caregivers and other associated factors.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a prospective cross-sectional study. SD assessed using Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children (SDSC) in CP children and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) in caregivers. Fifty cases of clinically diagnosed CP [27 females, mean age: 107.9 ΁ 29.5 months (range: 78-180 months)] fulfilling criteria were included.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eighteen (36%) children had pathological sleep total score (TS) and Disorders of Initiating and Maintaining Sleep (DIMS) was the commonest SD (n = 25, 50%). All primary caregivers were mothers. Twenty-five (50%) mothers had SD on PSQI scale. DIMS, Disorders of Excessive Somnolence (DES), and TS had significant correlation with PSQI (P < 0.05). Disorders of Arousal (DA) and TS had significant correlation with seizures (P < 0.05) in CP children. Bed-sharing had significant correlation with SD in caregivers (P < 0.001) but not with CP children. No significant correlation was observed between SD in CP and gross motor function (Gross Motor Function Classification System), use of orthoses, and dental caries.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Children with CP have underreported significant SD, which negatively impacts caregiver's sleep also. Seizure disorders and medications contribute significantly to SD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, St. John's Medical College and Hospital, Bangalore, India.
authors.forename: Dheeraj
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Adiga
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurological Rehabilitation, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Anupam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurological Rehabilitation, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Meeka
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Khanna
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurological Rehabilitation, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, India ; Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Arun B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Taly
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Kandavelu
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Thennarasu
keywords: Cerebral palsy; SDSC; correlates; seizures; sleep disturbance