title: An Excel-based implementation of the spectral method of action potential alternans analysis.
abstract: Action potential (AP) alternans has been well established as a mechanism of arrhythmogenesis and sudden cardiac death. Proper interpretation of AP alternans requires a robust method of alternans quantification. Traditional methods of alternans analysis neglect higher order periodicities that may have greater pro-arrhythmic potential than classical 2:1 alternans. The spectral method of alternans analysis, already widely used in the related study of microvolt T-wave alternans, has also been used to study AP alternans. Software to meet the specific needs of AP alternans analysis is not currently available in the public domain. An AP analysis tool is implemented here, written in Visual Basic for Applications and using Microsoft Excel as a shell. This performs a sophisticated analysis of alternans behavior allowing reliable distinction of alternans from random fluctuations, quantification of alternans magnitude, and identification of which phases of the AP are most affected. In addition, the spectral method has been adapted to allow detection and quantification of higher order regular oscillations. Analysis of action potential morphology is also performed. A simple user interface enables easy import, analysis, and export of collated results.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cardiovascular Research, The University of Manchester, 3rd Floor, Core Technology Facility, Grafton Street, Manchester, M13 9XX, U.K.
authors.forename: Charles M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Pearman
keywords: Action potential; Excel; Fourier; Visual Basic for Applications; alternans; spectral