title: Effect of probiotic supplementation on bacterial translocation in common bile duct obstruction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effects of probiotics on bacterial translocation in the obstructive common bile duct with comparison to an enteral product containing arginine and glutamine.
  
  
  METHODS
  In our study, 40 Sprague-Dawley rats each weighing 250-300 g were used. Animals in Group 1 (sham) were laparatomized and fed standard chow supplemented with physiologic saline at daily doses of 2 ml through orogastric tube for 7 days. Common bile ducts of the animals in the other groups were ligated with 3/0 silk sutures. Group 2 (control group) was fed standard chow supplemented with daily doses of 2 ml physiologic saline. Group 3 (probiotic group) was fed standard chow supplemented with a probiotic solution (Acidophilus plus) containing strains of Lactobacillus acidophilus, Bifidobacterium bifidum and Lactobacillus bulgaricus at a daily doses of 2 × 10(9) colony forming units (CFU). Group 4 (formula group) was fed only an enteral solution (Stresson Multi Fiber) containing glutamine, arginine and a medium-chain fatty acid at daily doses of 2 g/kg. At the end of the 7th day, all animals were relaparatomized, and to determine bacterial translocation, aerobic, and anaerobic cultures were obtained from the specimens of mesenteric lymph nodes, intestinal mucosa, and blood samples. Smear cultures prepared from caecum were examined to determine the number of CFU. Finally, for histological examination specimens were excised from terminal ileum, and oxidative damage was assessed in liver tissues. Afterwards all animals were killed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Moderately lesser degrees of bacterial translocation, and mucosal damage were seen in Groups 3, and 4 relative to Group 2 (p < 0.05). In Group 4, any difference was not seen in the number of cecal bacteria relative to baseline values, while in Group 3, significant decrease in cecal colonization was seen. Among all groups, a significant difference between levels of malondialdehyde, and glutathione was not observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  At the end of our study, we have concluded that both probiotics, and enteral diets which contain immunomodulators such as glutamine, and arginine alleviate bacterial translocation, and impairment of intestinal mucosa.
authors.affiliation: Paediatric Surgery, Haseki Resarch and Education Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey, fsarac75@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Fatma
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sarac
authors.forename: Tansu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Salman
authors.forename: Feryal
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gun
authors.forename: Alaaddin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Celik
authors.forename: Nezahat
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Gurler
authors.forename: Semra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dogru Abbasoglu
authors.forename: Vakur
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Olgac
authors.forename: Ayse
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Saygili
mesh_terms: D024361:Amino Acids, Basic / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000818:Animals; D001120:Arginine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D018988:Bacterial Translocation / Q000502:physiology*; D001651:Cholestasis, Extrahepatic / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003135:Common Bile Duct; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004750:Enteral Nutrition; D005973:Glutamine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000382:microbiology; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000382:microbiology; D008643:Mesentery; D019936:Probiotics / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D024361:Amino Acids, Basic; D005973:Glutamine; D001120:Arginine