title: Parameters of two-dimensional perineal ultrasonography for evaluation of urinary incontinence after Radical Prostatectomy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Urinary incontinence remains a major concern for patients undergoing radical prostatectomy. Its prevalence can reach 20% in the late postoperative period.
  
  
  METHODS
  This clinical study investigated the differences of a dynamic evaluation of the urethra and pelvic floor contraction using perineal ultrasound in men without prostate surgery and in men submitted to radical prostatectomy with and without stress urinary incontinence. Ninety two male patients were included, which 70% of them underwent radical prostatectomy (RP) for more than one year. Thirty one men with clinically post prostatectomy incontinence were compared by two-dimensional (2D) perineal ultrasound to 34 patients without post prostatectomy incontinence and to 27 men without surgery in two centers in Brazil.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Our results showed that the continent group presented the urethral angle at rest significantly lower than the prostate group (p = 0.0002). We also observed that the incontinent group showed the displacement of the anterior bladder neck during contraction significantly lower than the continent group (p = 0.008).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We found that the continent group presented the urethral angle at rest significantly lower than the prostate group. The incontinent group also showed the anterior bladder neck displacement during contraction significantly lower than the continent group. It was more evident when the severe incontinent group and the continent group were compared.
authors.affiliation: Hospital Universitário Pedro Ernesto - State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Danilo Souza Lima da
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Costa Cruz
authors.affiliation: Hospital de Clínicas - State University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Carlos Arturo Levi
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: D'Ancona
authors.affiliation: Hospital de Clínicas - State University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Jamal
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Baracat
authors.affiliation: Hospital Universitário Pedro Ernesto - State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marco Antonio Dionisio
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Alves
authors.affiliation: Hospital de Clínicas - State University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marcelo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cartapatti
authors.affiliation: Hospital Universitário Pedro Ernesto - State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ronaldo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Damião
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017773:Pelvic Floor / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D010502:Perineum / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D011184:Postoperative Period; D011468:Prostatectomy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D014463:Ultrasonography; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D014549:Urinary Incontinence / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000209:etiology