title: Employment and hospital support among pediatric surgeons.
abstract: Employment, either by an academic entity or a hospital, is increasingly becoming a feature of surgical practice. Independent practices receive indirect subsidies to support their revenue. A survey of the extent of employment and the forms of indirect subsidies by which hospitals support independent practices, not previously done, would be of interest to all clinicians. A 2012 Internet survey of pediatric surgeons, asking practice description, hospital support, governance and management, conditions of compensation, selected contractual obligations, and arrangements for part-time coverage was conducted. Response rate was 21.8 per cent (253 of 1,163). Employed surgeons comprised 80 per cent: 60 per cent academic (152 of 253) and 20 per cent nonacademic (51). Only eight per cent (19) were in private practice. Half (47% [106 of 226]) had administrative tasks. One-fifth (20% [45 of 223]) was in a system without physician input in governance. The rest were in practices with physicians involved in management: on boards of directors (35% [78]), in management positions (31% [69]), and entirely physician-run (14% [31]). Most salaries were independent of external benchmarks. Productivity measures, when applied to compensation (54% [117 of 218]), used relative value units (71% [83 of 117]) more often than revenue production (29% [34]). Patient contact minimums (4% [nine of 217]) and penalties were less common (20% [43 of 218]) than bonus provisions (53% [116 of 218]). Most surgeons in private practice (75% [14 of 19]) received nonsalary hospital support. Pediatric surgery reflects the current trend of physician employment and hospital subsidies. Surgeon participation in governance and strategic system decisions will be necessary as healthcare systems evolve.
authors.affiliation: Children's Hospital and Research Center at Oakland, Oakland, California, USA.
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Stehr
authors.forename: Don K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Nakayama
mesh_terms: D000046:Academic Medical Centers; D004651:Employment / Q000191:economics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D019538:Health Care Surveys; D018578:Hospital-Physician Relations; D006801:Humans; D007348:Insurance, Health / Q000191:economics; D008297:Male; D020380:Needs Assessment; D010372:Pediatrics / Q000191:economics*; D011216:Practice Management, Medical / Q000191:economics*; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians' / Q000191:economics*; D012051:Reimbursement Mechanisms / Q000191:economics*; D066231:Surgeons / Q000191:economics* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014481:United States