title: New targeted therapies for breast cancer: A focus on tumor microenvironmental signals and chemoresistant breast cancers.
abstract: Breast cancer is the most frequent female malignancy worldwide. Current strategies in breast cancer therapy, including classical chemotherapy, hormone therapy, and targeted therapies, are usually associated with chemoresistance and serious adverse effects. Advances in our understanding of changes affecting the interactome in advanced and chemoresistant breast tumors have provided novel therapeutic targets, including, cyclin dependent kinases, mammalian target of rapamycin, Notch, Wnt and Shh. Inhibitors of these molecules recently entered clinical trials in mono- and combination therapy in metastatic and chemo-resistant breast cancers. Anticancer epigenetic drugs, mainly histone deacetylase inhibitors and DNA methyltransferase inhibitors, also entered clinical trials. Because of the complexity and heterogeneity of breast cancer, the future in therapy lies in the application of individualized tailored regimens. Emerging therapeutic targets and the implications for personalized-based therapy development in breast cancer are herein discussed.
authors.affiliation: Armel Hervé Nwabo Kamdje, Richard Simo Tagne, Jeremie Mbo Amvene, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Ngaoundéré, PO Box 454, Ngaoundéré, Cameroon.
authors.forename: Armel Hervé
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Nwabo Kamdje
authors.affiliation: Armel Hervé Nwabo Kamdje, Richard Simo Tagne, Jeremie Mbo Amvene, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Ngaoundéré, PO Box 454, Ngaoundéré, Cameroon.
authors.forename: Paul Faustin
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Seke Etet
authors.affiliation: Armel Hervé Nwabo Kamdje, Richard Simo Tagne, Jeremie Mbo Amvene, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Ngaoundéré, PO Box 454, Ngaoundéré, Cameroon.
authors.forename: Lorella
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Vecchio
authors.affiliation: Armel Hervé Nwabo Kamdje, Richard Simo Tagne, Jeremie Mbo Amvene, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Ngaoundéré, PO Box 454, Ngaoundéré, Cameroon.
authors.forename: Richard Simo
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Tagne
authors.affiliation: Armel Hervé Nwabo Kamdje, Richard Simo Tagne, Jeremie Mbo Amvene, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Ngaoundéré, PO Box 454, Ngaoundéré, Cameroon.
authors.forename: Jeremie Mbo
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Amvene
authors.affiliation: Armel Hervé Nwabo Kamdje, Richard Simo Tagne, Jeremie Mbo Amvene, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Ngaoundéré, PO Box 454, Ngaoundéré, Cameroon.
authors.forename: Jean-Marc
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Muller
authors.affiliation: Armel Hervé Nwabo Kamdje, Richard Simo Tagne, Jeremie Mbo Amvene, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Ngaoundéré, PO Box 454, Ngaoundéré, Cameroon.
authors.forename: Mauro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Krampera
authors.affiliation: Armel Hervé Nwabo Kamdje, Richard Simo Tagne, Jeremie Mbo Amvene, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Ngaoundéré, PO Box 454, Ngaoundéré, Cameroon.
authors.forename: Kiven Erique
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Lukong
keywords: Breast cancer; Chemoresistance; Microenvironment; Signaling molecule; Targeted therapy