title: Design and participant baseline characteristics of 'A Clinical Trial of IntensiVE Dialysis': the ACTIVE Dialysis Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Observational reports suggest extended dialysis hours are associated with improved outcomes. These findings are confounded by better prognostic characteristics among people practising extended hours. The aim of this article is to provide an overview of the methods and baseline characteristics for ACTIVE Dialysis Study participants.
  
  
  METHODS
  This multicentre, randomized, open-label, blinded endpoint-assessment trial randomized participants receiving maintenance haemodialysis therapy to either extended (≥24 h) or standard (12-18 h) weekly haemodialysis for 12 months. A web-based randomization system used minimization to ensure balanced allocation across regions, dialysis setting and dialysis vintage. The primary outcome is the change in quality of life over 12 months of study treatment assessed by EQ-5D. Secondary outcomes include change in left ventricular mass index assessed by magnetic resonance imaging and safety outcomes including dialysis access events.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 200 participants were recruited between 2009 and 2013 from Australia (29.0%), China (62.0%), Canada (5.5%) and New Zealand (3.5%). Participants had a mean age of 52 (± 12) years and 11.5% were dialysing at home, with a mean duration of 13.9 h per week over a median of three sessions. At baseline, 32.5% had a history of cardiovascular disease and 36.5% had diabetes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The ACTIVE Dialysis Study has met its planned recruitment target. The participant population are drawn from a range of health service settings in a global context. The study will contribute important evidence on the benefits and harms of extending weekly dialysis hours. The trial is registered at clinicaltrials.gov (NCT00649298).
authors.affiliation: The George Institute for Global Health, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Renal Unit, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
authors.forename: Meg J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Jardine
authors.forename: L I
authors.initials: LI
authors.lastname: Zuo
authors.forename: Nicholas A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Gray
authors.forename: Janak
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: de Zoysa
authors.forename: Christopher T
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: Martin P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Gallagher
authors.forename: Kirsten
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Howard
authors.forename: Stephane
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hertier
authors.forename: Alan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cass
authors.forename: Vlado
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Perkovic
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001315:Australia; D002170:Canada; D002681:China; D002985:Clinical Protocols; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D005260:Female; D017048:Health Care Costs; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000191:economics / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009520:New Zealand; D018579:Patient Selection; D011788:Quality of Life; D006435:Renal Dialysis / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods*; D012107:Research Design; D035842:Research Subjects; D018401:Sample Size; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: H(a)emodialysis; extended dialysis; left ventricular mass index; quality of life; randomized controlled trial