title: Bladder cancer screening in aluminum smelter workers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To present results of a bladder cancer screening program conducted in 18 aluminum smelters in the United States from January 2000 to December 2010.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were collected on a cohort of workers with a history of working in coal tar pitch volatile exposed areas including urine analysis for conventional cytology and ImmunoCyt/uCyt+ assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  ImmunoCyt/uCyt+ and cytology in combination showed a sensitivity of 62.30%, a specificity of 92.60%, a negative predictive value of 99.90%, and a positive predictive value of 2.96%. Fourteen cases of bladder cancer were detected, and the standardized incidence ratio of bladder cancer was 1.18 (95% confidence interval, 0.65 to 1.99). Individuals who tested positive on either test who were later determined to be cancer free had undergone expensive and invasive tests.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Evidence to support continued surveillance of this cohort has not been demonstrated.
authors.affiliation: From the Yale Occupational and Environmental Medicine Program (Dr Taiwo, Ms Slade, Ms Cantley, Ms Tessier-Sherman, Mr Galusha, and Ms Kirsche), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn; Alcoa, Inc (Dr Donoghue), Western Australia; and General Medical Disciplines (Dr Cullen), Stanford University School of Medicine, Calif.
authors.forename: Oyebode A
authors.initials: OA
authors.lastname: Taiwo
authors.forename: Martin D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Slade
authors.forename: Linda F
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Cantley
authors.forename: Baylah
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Tessier-Sherman
authors.forename: Deron
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Galusha
authors.forename: Sharon R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Kirsche
authors.forename: A Michael
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Donoghue
authors.forename: Mark R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Cullen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000535:Aluminum; D003033:Coal Tar; D055088:Early Detection of Cancer / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008669:Metallurgy; D008875:Middle Aged; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology
chemical_list: D003033:Coal Tar; D000535:Aluminum