title: Trace metal concentrations in post-hatching cuttlefish Sepia officinalis and consequences of dissolved zinc exposure.
abstract: In this study, we investigated the changes of 13 trace metal and metalloid concentrations (i.e. Ag, As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Se, V, Zn) and their subcellular fractionation in juvenile cuttlefish Sepia officinalis reared in controlled conditions between hatching and 2 months post-hatching. In parallel, metallothionein concentrations were determined. Our results highlighted contrasting changes of studied metals. Indeed, As and Fe concentrations measured in hatchlings suggested a maternal transfer of these elements in cuttlefish. The non-essential elements Ag and Cd presented the highest accumulation during our study, correlated with the digestive gland maturation. During the 6 first weeks of study, soluble fractions of most of essential trace metals (i.e. Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Se, Zn) slowly increased consistently with the progressive needs of cuttlefish metabolism during this period. In order to determine for the first time in a cephalopod how metal concentrations and their subcellular distributions are impacted when the animals are trace metal-exposed, we studied previously described parameters in juveniles exposed to dissolved Zn at environmental (i.e. 50 μg l(-1)) and sublethal (i.e. 200 μg l(-1)) levels. Moreover, oxidative stress (i.e. glutathione S-transferase (GST), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase activities, and lipid peroxidation (LPO)) was assessed in digestive gland and gills after 1 and 2 months exposures. Our results highlighted no or low ability of this stage of life to regulate dissolved Zn accumulation during the studied period, consistently with high sensitivity of this organism. Notably, Zn exposures caused a concentration-dependent Mn depletion in juvenile cuttlefish, and an increase of soluble fraction of Ag, Cd, Cu without accumulation modifications, suggesting substitution of these elements (i.e. Mn, Ag, Cd, Cu) by Zn. In parallel, metallothionein concentrations decreased in individuals most exposed to Zn. Finally, no perturbations in oxidative stress management were detected in gills, whereas modifications of GST, SOD and catalase activity levels were recorded in digestive gland, resulting in an increase of LPO content after a 6-week exposure to low Zn concentration. Altogether, these perturbations are consistent with previously described high sensitivity of juvenile cuttlefish towards Zn. Our results underlined the need to study deeply contamination impact on this animal at this stage of life.
authors.affiliation: Normandie Université, F-14032 Caen, France; UMR BOREA, MNHN, UPMC, UCBN, CNRS-7208, IRD-207, IBFA Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, Esplanade de la Paix, CS 14032, 14032 Caen cedex, France; Centre de Recherches en Environnement Côtier, Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, 54 rue du Docteur Charcot, 14530 Luc-sur-Mer, France. Electronic address: charles.lepabic@gmx.fr.
authors.forename: Charles
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Le Pabic
authors.affiliation: Normandie Université, F-14032 Caen, France; UMR BOREA, MNHN, UPMC, UCBN, CNRS-7208, IRD-207, IBFA Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, Esplanade de la Paix, CS 14032, 14032 Caen cedex, France; Centre de Recherches en Environnement Côtier, Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, 54 rue du Docteur Charcot, 14530 Luc-sur-Mer, France.
authors.forename: Christelle
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Caplat
authors.affiliation: Normandie Université, F-14032 Caen, France; UMR BOREA, MNHN, UPMC, UCBN, CNRS-7208, IRD-207, IBFA Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, Esplanade de la Paix, CS 14032, 14032 Caen cedex, France; Centre de Recherches en Environnement Côtier, Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, 54 rue du Docteur Charcot, 14530 Luc-sur-Mer, France.
authors.forename: Jean-Paul
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Lehodey
authors.affiliation: Littoral Environnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), UMR 7266 CNRS-Université La Rochelle, 2 rue Olympe de Gouges, 17000 La Rochelle, France.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Milinkovitch
authors.affiliation: Normandie Université, F-14032 Caen, France; UMR BOREA, MNHN, UPMC, UCBN, CNRS-7208, IRD-207, IBFA Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, Esplanade de la Paix, CS 14032, 14032 Caen cedex, France; Centre de Recherches en Environnement Côtier, Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, 54 rue du Docteur Charcot, 14530 Luc-sur-Mer, France.
authors.forename: Noussithé
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Koueta
authors.affiliation: Mer Molécules Santé (MMS), Université de Nantes, EA 2663, 2 rue de la Houssinière, 44322 Nantes, France.
authors.forename: Richard Philippe
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Cosson
authors.affiliation: Littoral Environnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), UMR 7266 CNRS-Université La Rochelle, 2 rue Olympe de Gouges, 17000 La Rochelle, France.
authors.forename: Paco
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bustamante
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004064:Digestive System / Q000187:drug effects; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D005880:Gills / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008668:Metallothionein / Q000378:metabolism; D008670:Metals / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D010088:Oxidoreductases / Q000378:metabolism; D049833:Sepia / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000187:drug effects*; D014131:Trace Elements / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*; D015032:Zinc / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D008670:Metals; D014131:Trace Elements; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D008668:Metallothionein; D010088:Oxidoreductases; D015032:Zinc
keywords: Juvenile stage; Metal subcellular distribution; Mollusk cephalopod; Oxidative stress; Sepia officinalis; Zinc