title: [Studies on carbonization of saccharides by using aqueous solution of various acids].
abstract: The authors tried to establish an approach to use acids to convert biomass into a fuel with higher carbon content and lower oxygen content in a zero-energy-consumption fashion. Considering that biomass is composed of monosaccharide, we used aqueous solutions of variation acids including hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid and perchloric acid to treat 2-deoxy-ribose and fructose at ambient temperature and pressure. Black substances were produced after a period of time when 2-deoxy-ribose and fructose were mixed with aqueous solutions containing 8 mol · L(-1) acids. The black substance was collected and characterized by using elemental analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Elemental analysis results indicate that the contents of carbon increases significantly in the black substances in comparison with 2-deoxy-ribose and fructose. Moreover, XPS results indicate that the content of oxygen in the black substance undergoes a significant decrease compared with pure 2-deoxy-ribose and fructose. In the XPS spectra, the is peaks of 2-deoxy-ribose, strong sub peak at 286. 05 eV, which is assigned to carbon linked to oxygen directly, dominate in the C is peak envelop. After treatment by HClO4, the peak decreased dramatically. This result also supports the conclusion that the content of oxygen in mono-saccharide is significantly reduced after treatment by acids. In the FTIR spectra of the black substances, strong peaks can be observed around 1 600 cm(-1), indicating that C==C bond is formed in the product. The above results suggest that treatments with acids may be developed as a new zero-energy-consumption approach to convert biomass in a new fuel with improved energy output efficiency.
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: An-Qi
authors.initials: AQ
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Ting-Guo
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Jin-Ming
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.forename: Shi-Fu
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Weng
authors.forename: Yi-Zhuang
authors.initials: YZ
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Jin-Guang
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Wu
mesh_terms: D000143:Acids / Q000737:chemistry*; D056804:Biofuels; D018533:Biomass; D002241:Carbohydrates / Q000737:chemistry*; D002244:Carbon / Q000737:chemistry*; D010100:Oxygen; D056951:Photoelectron Spectroscopy; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared
chemical_list: D000143:Acids; D056804:Biofuels; D002241:Carbohydrates; D002244:Carbon; D010100:Oxygen