title: Assessment of diet in chronic kidney disease female predialysis patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Nutrition is important in the therapy of predialysis patients. The aim of the presented single-centre descriptive study was to assess the diet in chronic kidney disease female predialysis patients with no previous dietary intervention, in comparison with recommendations, as well as the analysis of the energy, protein and phosphate intake in correlation with chosen laboratory measurements.
  
  
  METHODS
  The research was carried out in 31 female predialysis patients with CKD of different etiology, aged 29-79 years (GFR: 19.4±9.7 ml/min/1.73 m2). Main outcome measures were self-reported data from three-day dietary recall. Nutrients content and energy value of diet were compared with guidelines for chronic kidney disease patients or, in case of nutrients when they are not settled, with the recommendations for healthy women.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All patients had a lower energy intake than the recommended level. At the same time, 35.8% of patients were characterised by improper protein intake--too low or too high. The majority of patients had low intake of most of vitamins and minerals. The total, animal and plant protein were positively correlated with the energy value of diet and with amount of most of the nutrients. Values of GFR were positively correlated with animal protein intake, while phosphate and creatinine in blood were negatively correlated with total and animal protein intake.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study highlights that diet of CKD predialysis patients with no previous dietary intervention is not properly balanced.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dietetics, Faculty of Human Nutrition and Consumer Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Dariusz
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Włodarek
authors.affiliation: Department of Dietetics, Faculty of Human Nutrition and Consumer Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Dominika
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Głąbska
authors.affiliation: Nephrological Outpatient Clinic, Public Central Teaching Hospital (SPCSK), Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Jadwiga
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rojek-Trębicka
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D004032:Diet; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D002149:Energy Intake; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D010710:Phosphates / Q000378:metabolism*; D016226:Phosphorus, Dietary / Q000378:metabolism*; D011044:Poland; D006435:Renal Dialysis; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000209:etiology; D057566:Self Report
chemical_list: D004044:Dietary Proteins; D010710:Phosphates; D016226:Phosphorus, Dietary