title: Production of CNT-taxol-embedded PCL microspheres using an ammonium-based room temperature ionic liquid: as a sustained drug delivery system.
abstract: We describe a one-pot method for the mass production of polymeric microspheres containing water-soluble carbon-nanotube (w-CNT)-taxol complexes using an ammonium-based room temperature ionic liquid. Polycaprolactone (PCL), trioctylmethylammonium chloride (TOMAC; liquid state from -20 to 240°C), and taxol were used, respectively, as a model polymer, room temperature ionic liquid, and drug. Large quantities of white colored PCL powder without w-CNT-taxol complexes and gray colored PCL powders containing w-CNT-taxol (1:1 or 1:2 wt/wt) complexes were produced by phase separation between the hydrophilic TOMAC and the hydrophobic PCL. Both microsphere types had a uniform, spherical structure of average diameter 3-5μm. The amount of taxol embedded in PCL microspheres was determined by HPLC and (1)H NMR to be 8-12μg per 1.0mg of PCL (loading capacity (LC): 0.8-1.2%; entrapment efficiency (EE): 16-24%). An in vitro HPLC release assay showed sustain release of taxol without an initial burst over 60days at an average rate of 0.003-0.0073mg per day. The viability patterns of human breast cancer cells (MCF-7) for PCTx-1 and -2 showed dose-dependent inhibitory effects. In the presence of PCTx-1 and -2, the MCF-7 cells showed high viability in the concentration level of, respectably, <70 and <5μg/mL.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 PlUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Dandae-ro, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan-si, Chungnam 330-714, Republic of Korea; Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Dandae-ro, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan-si, Chungnam 330-714, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Seong Yeol
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Korea University, Jeongeug-dong, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-703, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Ji-Young
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.affiliation: Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 PlUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Dandae-ro, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan-si, Chungnam 330-714, Republic of Korea; Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Dandae-ro, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan-si, Chungnam 330-714, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jae-Won
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Seo
authors.affiliation: Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 PlUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Dandae-ro, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan-si, Chungnam 330-714, Republic of Korea; Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Dandae-ro, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan-si, Chungnam 330-714, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: usshin12@dankook.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Ueon Sang
authors.initials: US
authors.lastname: Shin
mesh_terms: D064751:Ammonium Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations / Q000737:chemistry*; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D006801:Humans; D052578:Ionic Liquids / Q000737:chemistry*; D061986:MCF-7 Cells; D017239:Paclitaxel / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D011091:Polyesters / Q000737:chemistry*; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D064751:Ammonium Compounds; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D052578:Ionic Liquids; D011091:Polyesters; C016240:polycaprolactone; D017239:Paclitaxel
keywords: A sustained drug delivery system; One-pot mass production; Room temperature ionic liquids; Taxol-loaded PCL microspheres