title: Association of urinary cesium with breast cancer risk.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study is to examine the association of urinary cesium with breast cancer risk.
  
  
  METHODS
  We collected survey data and urine specimens from 240 women with incident invasive breast cancer before their treatment and 246 age-matched female controls between October 2009 and July 2010. Urinary concentrations of cesium were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Interviews were conducted by face-to-face to obtain information on potential breast cancer risk factors. Logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the associations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Creatinine-adjusted levels [median (25th, 75th) ug/g] of cesium in cases and controls were 17.6 (13.1, 24.0) and 19.3 (15.3, 25.7), respectively. After adjustment for potential risk factors, women in the second and highest tertile of cesium showed a decreased risk of breast cancer in a dose-dependent manner as compared with those in the lowest tertile [ORs and 95% CIs: 0.75 (0.46- 1.22) and 0.50 (0.30-0.82), respectively]. This decrease was more evident in women with ER positive or localized clinical stage in an exploratory stratification analysis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest that cesium may have anticancer efficacy and urinary cesium has potential as a biomarker for breast cancer risk assessment.
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China E-mail : renzef@mail.sysu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Ya-Chao
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Qin
authors.forename: Lu-Ying
authors.initials: LY
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Su
authors.forename: Li-Juan
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Feng-Xi
authors.initials: FX
authors.lastname: Su
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Ai-Hua
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Ze-Fang
authors.initials: ZF
authors.lastname: Ren
mesh_terms: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000652:urine*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000652:urine*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002586:Cesium / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000652:urine*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011379:Prognosis; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D002586:Cesium