title: Rosuvastatin reduces vascular inflammation and T-cell and monocyte activation in HIV-infected subjects on antiretroviral therapy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Despite suppressive antiretroviral therapy (ART), increased levels of immune activation persist in HIV-infected subjects. Statins have anti-inflammatory effects and may reduce immune activation in HIV disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  Stopping Atherosclerosis and Treating Unhealthy bone with RosuvastatiN in HIV (SATURN-HIV) is a randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled trial assessing the effect of rosuvastatin (10 mg daily) on markers of cardiovascular risk and immune activation in ART-treated patients. T-cell activation was measured by expression of CD38, HLA-DR, and PD1. Monocyte activation was measured with soluble markers (sCD14 and sCD163) and by enumeration of monocyte subpopulations and tissue factor expression. Markers of systemic and vascular inflammation and coagulation were also measured. SATURN-HIV is registered on clinicaltrials.gov (identifier: NCT01218802).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Rosuvastatin, compared with placebo, reduced sCD14 (-10.4% vs 0.5%, P = 0.006), lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (-12.2% vs -1.7%, P = 0.0007), and IP-10 (-27.5 vs -8.2%, P = 0.03) levels after 48 weeks. The proportion of tissue factor-positive patrolling (CD14CD16) monocytes was also reduced by rosuvastatin (-41.6%) compared with placebo (-18.8%, P = 0.005). There was also a greater decrease in the proportions of activated (CD38HLA-DR) T cells between the arms (-38.1% vs -17.8%, P = 0.009 for CD4 cells, and -44.8% vs -27.4%, P = 0.003 for CD8 cells).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Forty-eight weeks of rosuvastatin treatment reduced significantly several markers of inflammation and lymphocyte and monocyte activation in ART-treated subjects.
authors.affiliation: *Division of Medical Laboratory Science, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; †Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; ‡University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, OH; §Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Cleveland, OH; and ‖Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, OH.
authors.forename: Nicholas T
authors.initials: NT
authors.lastname: Funderburg
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Sara M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Debanne
authors.forename: Danielle
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Labbato
authors.forename: Steven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Juchnowski
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ferrari
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Clagett
authors.forename: Janet
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Robinson
authors.forename: Michael M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Lederman
authors.forename: Grace A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: McComsey
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000924:Anticholesteremic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D005464:Fluorobenzenes / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology*; D006684:HLA-DR Antigens / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009000:Monocytes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology*; D061026:Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor / Q000032:analysis; D011743:Pyrimidines / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000068718:Rosuvastatin Calcium; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014657:Vasculitis / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents; D000924:Anticholesteremic Agents; D015703:Antigens, CD; D005464:Fluorobenzenes; D006684:HLA-DR Antigens; C105992:PDCD1 protein, human; D061026:Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor; D011743:Pyrimidines; D013449:Sulfonamides; D000068718:Rosuvastatin Calcium