title: Prevalence and gB genotype distribution of human cytomegalovirus among HIV sero-negative and HIV sero-positive orphans in Thailand.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Human Cytomegalovirus (HCMIV infects humans in all geographic areas. Polymorphisms ofglycoprotein B (gB) have been usedforgenotypic characterization of HCMV However information of gB genotyping of HCMV in Thailand is not clearly known especially in children.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional study was conducted to assess HCMV infection in 236 HIV seronegative and HIV seropositive children who attended an orphanage in Nonthaburi, Thailand by nested-PCR technique using urine specimens. HCMV gB genotypes were determined by restrictionfragment length polymorphism (RFLP), andDNA sequencing technique.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sixty-one percent (144/236) of the samples were HCMV positive, which consisted of 66.1% (37/56) of the HIV seropositive children and 59.4% (107/180) of the HIVsero-negative children. Multivariate analysis showed that children who living in one particular room were independently associated with HCMVinfection. Genotypic analysis revealed that the most prevalent genotype in these children was gB1; 85.4% (111/130) followed by gB3; 4.6% (6/130), gB2 and gB4 each at 2.3% (3/130). Mixed gB genotypes were identified in 5.4% (7/130) of the samples.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HCMV infection, in particular gB1 genotype was commonly ident fled among these Thai orphans. Living in one particular room was associated with getting the infection. To prevent the transmission of HCMV infection in this setting, improvement in hygienic behavior ofchildcare workers should be focused.
authors.forename: Rungnapa
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hyatt
authors.forename: Peerapan
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Tan-ariya
authors.forename: Saowakon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Paca-uccaralertkun
authors.forename: Mathirut
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mungthin
authors.forename: Sureepom
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Poungpong
mesh_terms: D017088:AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000652:urine / Q000821:virology; D002648:Child; D054540:Child, Orphaned / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003587:Cytomegalovirus / Q000235:genetics*; D003586:Cytomegalovirus Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000652:urine / Q000821:virology; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis; D003710:Demography; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D015658:HIV Infections; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D012150:Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; D015995:Prevalence; D013785:Thailand / Q000453:epidemiology; D014759:Viral Envelope Proteins / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D004279:DNA, Viral; D014759:Viral Envelope Proteins; C040495:glycoprotein B, Simplexvirus