title: PKM2 promotes metastasis by recruiting myeloid-derived suppressor cells and indicates poor prognosis for hepatocellular carcinoma.
abstract: Pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) is a member of the pyruvate kinase family. Recent work has defined the "non-metabolic" functions of PKM2. However, the role of PKM2 in HCC remains unclear. To investigate the role of PKM2 in tumor growth, invasion and the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), PKM2 expression was measured in HCC cell lines and tissues using qRT-PCR, western blot, and immunofluorescence assays. In in vitro experiments, PKM2 was knocked down using a short hairpin RNA lentivirus vector, and tumor cell behavior and the downstream signaling pathways and chemokine were analyzed. For the analysis of in vivo tumor growth, intratumoral and peritumoral lymphocyte infiltration were examined in nude mice. The prognostic value of PKM2 was analyzed by immunohistochemistry in two cohorts including 721 HCC patients. Together, our data obtained from cell lines, tumorigenicity studies, and primary HCC samples illustrate an oncogenic role for PKM2 in tumors. Moreover, PKM2 may serve as a novel prognostic indicator for HCC patients after curative resection, targeted therapy aimed at PKM2 may represent an effective treatment approach for HCC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Liver Surgery, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Wei-Ren
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Liver Surgery, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Meng-Xin
authors.initials: MX
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.affiliation: Department of Liver Surgery, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Liu-Xiao
authors.initials: LX
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yu-Li
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Department of Liver Surgery, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.affiliation: Department of Liver Surgery, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Zhen-Bin
authors.initials: ZB
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.affiliation: Department of Liver Surgery, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Ying-Hao
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.affiliation: Department of Liver Surgery, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yuan-Fei
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.affiliation: Department of Liver Surgery, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Dong-Mei
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: Department of Liver Surgery, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.|Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Department of Liver Surgery, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Shuang-Jian
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Qiu
authors.affiliation: Department of Liver Surgery, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Zhi
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Dai
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Rui
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: Department of Liver Surgery, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.|Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.affiliation: Department of Liver Surgery, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Ying-Hong
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Shi
mesh_terms: D000043:Abstracting and Indexing; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000235:genetics; D015153:Blotting, Western; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000235:genetics; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D056945:Hep G2 Cells; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D008819:Mice, Nude; D008875:Middle Aged; D022423:Myeloid Cells / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D011379:Prognosis; D034622:RNA Interference; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000235:genetics; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013963:Thyroid Hormones / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D023041:Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays / Q000379:methods; D000097810:Thyroid Hormone-Binding Proteins
chemical_list: D002352:Carrier Proteins; D016207:Cytokines; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D013963:Thyroid Hormones; D000097810:Thyroid Hormone-Binding Proteins