title: Effects of implant stiffness, shape, and medialization depth on the acoustic outcomes of medialization laryngoplasty.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Medialization laryngoplasty is commonly used to treat glottic insufficiency. In this study, we investigated the effects of implant stiffness (Young modulus), medialization depth, and implant medial surface shape on acoustic outcomes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Basic science study using ex vivo laryngeal phonation model.
  
  
  METHODS
  In an ex vivo human larynx phonation model, bilateral medialization laryngoplasties were performed with implants of varying stiffness, medial surface shape (rectangular, divergent, and convergent), and varying depths of medialization. The subglottal pressure, the flow rate, and the outside sound were measured as the implant parameters were varied.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Medialization through the use of implants generally improved the harmonic-to-noise ratio (HNR) and the number of harmonics excited in the outside sound spectra. The degree of acoustic improvement depended on the implant insertion depth, stiffness, and to a lesser degree implant shape. Varying implant insertion depth led to large variations in phonation for stiff implants, but had much smaller effects for soft implants.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Implants with stiffness comparable to vocal folds provided more consistent improvement in acoustic outcomes across different implant conditions. Further investigations are required to better understand the underlying mechanisms.
authors.affiliation: Department of Head and Neck Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California. Electronic address: zyzhang@ucla.edu.
authors.forename: Zhaoyan
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Head and Neck Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.
authors.forename: Dinesh K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Chhetri
authors.affiliation: Department of Head and Neck Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.
authors.forename: Jennifer L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Bergeron
mesh_terms: D000162:Acoustics; D001193:Arytenoid Cartilage / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D058753:Laryngoplasty / Q000379:methods*; D008954:Models, Biological; D010699:Phonation / Q000502:physiology*; D019736:Prostheses and Implants; D014826:Vocal Cord Paralysis / Q000601:surgery; D014827:Vocal Cords / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D014833:Voice Quality
keywords: Medialization laryngoplasty; Type 1 thyroplasty