title: [Effects of staphylococcal enterotoxin of different concentrations on the expression of GATA-3 and Th1/Th2 cytokines in the maxillary sinus mucosa of rabbits].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to determine the expression of GATA-3 and the level of Th1 and Th2 cytokines upon repeated exposure to staphylococcal enterotoxin B(SEB) of different concentrations in the maxillary sinus mucosa of rabbits.
  
  
  METHODS
  The rabbits were randomly divided into 2 groups (24 rabbits per group): low-dose SEB group and high-dose SEB group. The low-dose SEB group and high-dose SEB group received daily injections of 0.6 ng of SEB (2 ml) and 60 ng of SEB (2 ml) into the left maxillary sinus of rabbits for 28 days, respectively. Concurrent treatment of the right maxillary sinus with normal saline was used as a control. Six rabbits chosen randomly in two groups were killed on days 3, 7, 14, and 28, and to obtain the sinus mucosa from the two-side maxillary sinuses for measurement. Mucosal levels of IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, and IFN-γ were measured using ABC-ELISA. Tissue expression of GATA-3 were examined using Real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  IFN-γ and IL-2 levels were significantly elevated in the high-dose SEB group compared with the low-dose SEB and control groups on days 7, 14, and 28 (P < 0.05). However, IL-4 and IL-5 levels were markedly enhanced in the low-dose SEB group compared with the high-dose SEB and control groups on days 14 and 28 (P < 0.05). Real-time PCR showed that the expression of GATA-3 mRNA in the low-dose SEB group was markedly enhanced, and immunohistochemical staining illustrated that the number of GATA-3 positive cells was markedly increased in the low-dose SEB group as compared with the high-dose SEB group (P < 0.05). No significant differences were observed in GATA-3 expression between the high-dose SEB and the control groups (P > 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SEB promoted Th1 cytokines production at high concentrations, and enhanced Th2 cytokines expression and Th2 immune response at low concentrations.
authors.forename: Hongqi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.forename: Zhengwen
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Zhongsheng
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.forename: Zhiyong
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Xiaofan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yuan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D004768:Enterotoxins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000378:metabolism; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000378:metabolism; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000378:metabolism; D015848:Interleukin-5 / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008443:Maxillary Sinus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D009297:Nasal Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D011817:Rabbits; D018417:Th1 Cells; D018418:Th2 Cells; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D004768:Enterotoxins; D007376:Interleukin-2; D015848:Interleukin-5; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014157:Transcription Factors; D015847:Interleukin-4; C031818:enterotoxin B, staphylococcal; D007371:Interferon-gamma