title: Glucagon-like peptide-1 as predictor of body mass index and dentate gyrus neurogenesis: neuroplasticity and the metabolic milieu.
abstract: Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) regulates carbohydrate metabolism and promotes neurogenesis. We reported an inverse correlation between adult body mass and neurogenesis in nonhuman primates. Here we examine relationships between physiological levels of the neurotrophic incretin, plasma GLP-1 (pGLP-1), and body mass index (BMI) in adolescence to adult neurogenesis and associations with a diabesity diathesis and infant stress. Morphometry, fasting pGLP-1, insulin resistance, and lipid profiles were measured in early adolescence in 10 stressed and 4 unstressed male bonnet macaques. As adults, dentate gyrus neurogenesis was assessed by doublecortin staining. High pGLP-1, low body weight, and low central adiposity, yet peripheral insulin resistance and high plasma lipids, during adolescence were associated with relatively high adult neurogenesis rates. High pGLP-1 also predicted low body weight with, paradoxically, insulin resistance and high plasma lipids. No rearing effects for neurogenesis rates were observed. We replicated an inverse relationship between BMI and neurogenesis. Adolescent pGLP-1 directly predicted adult neurogenesis. Two divergent processes relevant to human diabesity emerge-high BMI, low pGLP-1, and low neurogenesis and low BMI, high pGLP-1, high neurogenesis, insulin resistance, and lipid elevations. Diabesity markers putatively reflect high nutrient levels necessary for neurogenesis at the expense of peripheral tissues.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Division of Neuropsychopharmacology, State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center (SUNY DMC), Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA.
authors.forename: Jeremy D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Coplan
authors.affiliation: Downstate College of Medicine, SUNY DMC, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA.
authors.forename: Shariful
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-8636-8089
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Syed
authors.affiliation: New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA.
authors.forename: Tarique D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Perera
authors.affiliation: New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA.
authors.forename: Sasha L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Fulton
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, SUNY DMC, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA.
authors.forename: Mary Ann
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Banerji
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA ; Departments of Psychiatry and Pathology and Cell Biology, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.
authors.forename: Andrew J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Dwork
authors.affiliation: Departments of Surgery and Internal Medicine, SUNY DMC, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA.
authors.forename: John G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Kral
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers; D015992:Body Mass Index; D018891:Dentate Gyrus / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000502:physiology; D008255:Macaca radiata; D008297:Male; D055495:Neurogenesis; D009473:Neuronal Plasticity; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1