title: Effect of four different intracanal medicaments on the apical seal of the root canal system: a dye extraction study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim was to determine the effect of four different intracanal medicaments on the apical seal of the root canal system in vitro.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty freshly extracted intact human permanent maxillary central incisors were collected, stored and disinfected. The root canals were prepared to a master apical size of number 50 using step back technique. Depending upon the intracanal medicament used, the teeth were divided randomly into five groups of 10 teeth each including one control group and four experimental groups. Group A: No intracanal medicament. Group B: Calcium hydroxide powder mixed with distilled water. Group C: Calcium hydroxide gutta percha points (calcium hydroxide points). Group D: 1% chlorhexidine gel (hexigel). Group E: Chlorhexidine gutta percha points (Roeko Activ Points). The medication was left in canals for 14 days. Following removal of the intracanal medicament, all the groups were obturated with lateral compaction technique. The apical leakage was then evaluated using dye extraction method with the help of a spectrophotometer.
  
  
  RESULTS
  RESULTS were statistically analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U-test, which showed statistically significant difference among the five groups tested.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It can be concluded from this study that the control group showed least amount of leakage, whereas the 1% chlorhexidine gel group showed maximum amount of leakage. Apical leakage was observed with all the experimental groups with little variations in between them. Under the parameters of this study, it can be concluded that use of intracanal medicaments during endodontic treatment has a definite impact on the apical seal of the root canal system.
authors.affiliation: Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics Sudha Rustagi College of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Kheri More, Faridabad, Haryana, India.
authors.forename: Monika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tandan
authors.forename: Mithra N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Hegde
authors.forename: Priyadarshini
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hegde
mesh_terms: D002126:Calcium Hydroxide / Q000737:chemistry; D002710:Chlorhexidine / Q000737:chemistry; D004396:Coloring Agents; D001840:Dental Bonding / Q000379:methods*; D003763:Dental Leakage / Q000145:classification; D003786:Dental Pulp Cavity / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D006171:Gutta-Percha / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D007180:Incisor / Q000648:ultrastructure; D008422:Materials Testing; D008751:Methylene Blue; D011897:Random Allocation; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials / Q000737:chemistry*; D012388:Root Canal Irrigants / Q000737:chemistry*; D012389:Root Canal Obturation / Q000379:methods; D018915:Root Canal Preparation / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D016369:Smear Layer / Q000648:ultrastructure; D013053:Spectrophotometry / Q000295:instrumentation; D013997:Time Factors; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D004396:Coloring Agents; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials; D012388:Root Canal Irrigants; D014867:Water; D006171:Gutta-Percha; D002126:Calcium Hydroxide; D002710:Chlorhexidine; D008751:Methylene Blue