title: Rapid tissue dissolution efficiency of electrically-activated sodium hypochlorite on bovine muscle.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) is a common antimicrobial and tissue-dissolving irrigant. The aim of this in vitro study is to evaluate and compare dissolution capacities of sodium hypochlorite solutions after electrically activation (E-NaOCl) on bovine muscle specimens at various time periods and concentrations.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three sodium hypochlorite solutions of 1.25%, 2.5%, and 5% were tested at 3-min. and 5-min. with and without activation by electrically. Distilled water and NaOCl solutions without electrically activation were used as controls. Pieces of bovine muscle tissue (34 ± 2 mg) were placed in 10 mL of each solution at room temperature. In the group of E-NaOCl, electrically activation was performed through the potentiostat. The tissue specimens were weighed before and after treatment, and the percentage of weight loss was calculated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Weight loss of the tissue increased with the concentration of E-NaOCl and NaOCl. Higher concentration and electrically activation considerably enhanced the efficacy of sodium hypochlorite. The effect of electrically activation on tissue dissolution was much greater than that of same concentrations in the groups of NaOCl (P < 0.001). Tissue weight loss was significantly higher in 2.5% and 5% E-NaOCl at 3 min. than in 2.5% and 5% NaOCl at 5 min. (P < 0.05). There were not any significant differences between the 2.5% E-NaOCl and 5% NaOCl at 5 min. (P > 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Electrically activation can improve the tissue-dissolving effectiveness of sodium hypochlorite.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkiye.
authors.forename: Ihsan Furkan
authors.initials: IF
authors.lastname: Ertugrul
authors.affiliation: Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkiye.
authors.forename: Murat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Maden
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Dentistry, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkiye.
authors.forename: Ekim Onur
authors.initials: EO
authors.lastname: Orhan
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Arts, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkiye.
authors.forename: Sabriye Percin
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Ozkorucuklu
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics and Medical Information, Suleyman Demirel University School of Medicine, Isparta, Turkiye.
authors.forename: Ali Vasfi
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Aglarca
keywords: Electrically activation; sodium hypochlorite; tissue dissolution