title: Placebo interventions for nausea: a systematic review.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Expectancy often predicts nausea, but the extent to which placebo interventions can alter nausea is less clear.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We conducted a systematic review to determine 1) if placebo interventions can affect nausea and 2) which features of these interventions are effective.
  
  
  METHODS
  Articles were identified via PsychInfo, Medline, and PubMed databases. We targeted instructional and conditioning interventions aimed at altering nausea via the placebo effect.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fourteen studies were identified, nine instructional and five conditioning. Many found evidence suggesting that placebo interventions could alter nausea, but a few found no evidence or 'reverse' effects. Effective interventions tended to be those that were aimed at participants with high initial expectancies, with evidence that combined or conditioning manipulations were more effective than instructions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest that placebo interventions can alter nausea and that these may serve as a useful way of reducing the burden of nausea in practice.
authors.affiliation: School of Psychology, The University of Sydney, NSW, 2006, Sydney, Australia, nicky.quinn@sydney.edu.au.
authors.forename: Veronica F
authors.initials: VF
authors.lastname: Quinn
authors.forename: Ben
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Colagiuri
mesh_terms: D003213:Conditioning, Psychological / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D009325:Nausea / Q000628:therapy*; D015990:Placebo Effect; D010919:Placebos / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D010919:Placebos