title: Incidence and long-term survival of patients with de novo head and neck carcinoma after liver transplantation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Liver transplant recipients have an increased risk of developing de novo malignancies.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a prospective evaluation of clinicopathological data and predictors for overall survival (OS) in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) after liver transplantation (1988 to 2010).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty-three of 2040 patients who underwent liver transplantation (1.6%) developed de novo HNSCC. The incidence of HNSCC in liver transplant recipients with end-stage alcoholic liver disease (26) was 5%. After a median follow-up of 9 years, 1-year, 3-year, and 5-year OS rates were 74%, 47%, and 34%, respectively. Tumor size, cervical lymph node metastases, tumor site, and therapy (surgery only vs surgery and adjuvant radiotherapy [RT]/chemoradiotherapy [CRT] vs RT/CRT only; p < .0001) were significantly associated with OS in univariate analysis. However, surgery only predicted OS independently in multivariate analysis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Early diagnosis and surgical treatment of de novo HNSCC are crucial to the outcome. HNSCC risk should be taken into close consideration during posttransplantation follow-up examinations, especially among patients with a positive history of smoking and alcohol consumption.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Annekatrin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Coordes
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Andreas E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Albers
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Minoo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lenarz
authors.affiliation: Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Seehofer
authors.affiliation: Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Gero
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Puhl
authors.affiliation: Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pascher
authors.affiliation: Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Ruth
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Neuhaus
authors.affiliation: Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Neuhaus
authors.affiliation: Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Johann
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pratschke
authors.affiliation: Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Andreou
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000209:etiology* / Q000401:mortality* / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology* / Q000401:mortality* / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D016031:Liver Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D000077195:Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck; D015996:Survival Rate; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: de novo malignancies; head and neck cancer; head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC); liver transplantation; survival