title: Continuous treatments of estrogens through polymerization and regeneration of electrolytic cells.
abstract: This study proposes a novel electrolytic method for simultaneous removal of trace estrogens and regeneration of electrolytic cells for long-term wastewater treatment. Continuous treatments of estrogens estrone (E1), 17β-estradiol (E2) and 17α-ethinyl estradiol (EE2) were theoretically and experimentally studied using an electrolytic reactor equipped with a multi-packed granular glassy carbon electrode reactor. Experimental results demonstrated that E1, E2 and EE2 were effectively removed through electro-polymerization on the granular glassy carbon (and Pt/Ti) anode counter. Polymer formed during continuous treatment was quickly decomposed and electrodes were regenerated completely by ˙OH radicals produced through the reduction of ozone. Calculated overall energy consumptions were less than 10 Wh/m(3), demonstrating extremely low energy consumptions. In addition, a mathematical model developed based on the limiting mass transfer rate and post-regeneration could represent general trends in time series data observed in experiments.
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan. Electronic address: cong@aoni.waseda.jp.
authors.forename: Vo Huu
authors.initials: VH
authors.lastname: Cong
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan. Electronic address: sakaki@waseda.jp.
authors.forename: Yutaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sakakibara
mesh_terms: D002244:Carbon / Q000737:chemistry; D004566:Electrodes; D004572:Electrolysis; D004958:Estradiol / Q000737:chemistry*; D004967:Estrogens / Q000737:chemistry*; D004970:Estrone / Q000737:chemistry*; D004997:Ethinyl Estradiol / Q000737:chemistry*; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D058105:Polymerization; D059027:Recycling; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid / Q000379:methods*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D004967:Estrogens; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D004970:Estrone; D004997:Ethinyl Estradiol; D004958:Estradiol; D002244:Carbon
keywords: Cell regeneration; Continuous treatment; Electro-polymerization; Electrochemical; Endocrine disrupting chemical; Estrogen