title: No difference in fecal levels of bacteria or short chain fatty acids in humans, when consuming fruit juice beverages containing fruit fiber, fruit polyphenols, and their combination.
abstract: This study examined the effect of a Boysenberry beverage (750 mg polyphenols), an apple fiber beverage (7.5 g dietary fiber), and a Boysenberry plus apple fiber beverage (750 mg polyphenols plus 7.5 g dietary fiber) on gut health. Twenty-five individuals completed the study. The study was a placebo-controlled crossover study, where every individual consumed 1 of the 4 treatments in turn. Each treatment phase was 4-week long and was followed by a 2-week washout period. The trial beverages were 350 g taken in 2 doses every day (ie, 175 mL taken twice daily). The hypothesis for the study was that the combination of polyphenols and fiber would have a greater benefit on gut health than the placebo product or the fiber or polyphenols on their own. There were no differences in fecal levels of total bacteria, Bacteroides-Prevotella-Porphyromonas group, Bifidobacteriumspecies, Clostridium perfringens, or Lactobacillus species among any of the treatment groups. Fecal short chain fatty acid concentrations did not vary among treatment groups, although prostaglandin E2 concentrations were higher after consumption of the Boysenberry juice beverage. No significant differences were found in quantitative measures of gut health between the Boysenberry juice beverage, the apple fiber beverage, the Boysenberry juice plus apple fiber beverage, and the placebo beverage.
authors.affiliation: The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Lincoln, New Zealand. Electronic address: alison.wallace@plantandfood.co.nz.
authors.forename: Alison J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Wallace
authors.affiliation: The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Lincoln, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Sarah L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Eady
authors.affiliation: The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Mount Albert, Auckland, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Denise C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Hunter
authors.affiliation: The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Mount Albert, Auckland, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Margot A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Skinner
authors.affiliation: The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Lee
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Huffman
authors.affiliation: The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Juliet
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ansell
authors.affiliation: The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Blatchford
authors.affiliation: The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Mount Albert, Auckland, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wohlers
authors.affiliation: The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Thanuja D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Herath
authors.affiliation: The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Duncan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hedderley
authors.affiliation: The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Douglas
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rosendale
authors.affiliation: The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Halina
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Stoklosinski
authors.affiliation: The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Tony
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: McGhie
authors.affiliation: The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Mount Albert, Auckland, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Dongxiao
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sun-Waterhouse
authors.affiliation: The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Claire
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Redman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001439:Bacteroides / Q000302:isolation & purification; D001628:Beverages / Q000032:analysis*; D001644:Bifidobacterium / Q000302:isolation & purification; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001835:Body Weight; D003016:Clostridium perfringens / Q000302:isolation & purification; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000302:isolation & purification; D004043:Dietary Fiber / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000032:analysis; D005232:Fatty Acids, Volatile / Q000032:analysis*; D005243:Feces / Q000737:chemistry / Q000382:microbiology*; D005260:Female; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D007070:Immunoglobulin A / Q000032:analysis; D007778:Lactobacillus / Q000302:isolation & purification; D008297:Male; D027845:Malus / Q000737:chemistry; D008875:Middle Aged; D010349:Patient Compliance; D059808:Polyphenols / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D017861:Porphyromonas / Q000302:isolation & purification; D018720:Prevotella / Q000302:isolation & purification
chemical_list: D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D004043:Dietary Fiber; D005232:Fatty Acids, Volatile; D007070:Immunoglobulin A; D059808:Polyphenols; D015232:Dinoprostone
keywords: Apple fiber; Bacteria; Boysenberry juice; Dietary fiber; Fruit polyphenols; Gut health