title: Ocular and cervical vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials in children with cochlear implant.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To define the profile of ocular and cervical vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials (oVEMPs and cVEMPs) in children with cochlear implant (CI), we studied air-conducted sound (ACS)-evoked responses pre- and postoperatively.
  
  
  METHODS
  The ACS-evoked oVEMPs and cVEMPs of 31 children with cochlear implantation were investigated. Thresholds, amplitudes, P1 and N1 latencies, and interpeak latencies of VEMPs were measured and analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Before CI, the response rates of oVEMPs and cVEMPs were 71.0% and 67.7%, respectively. The oVEMPs and cVEMPs on the operated side disappeared after CI, which resulted in a decrease in response rates, whether the device was switched on (12.9% and 32. 0%) or off (19.2% and 34.8%). In the case when VEMPs could be elicited on the operated side after CI, the parameters of waveforms showed abnormal changes, including threshold elevation (maximum of 8.34-dB SPL in oVEMP and 8.75-dB SPL in cVEMP) and amplitude decrease (maximum of 4.10μV in oVEMP and 191.82μV in cVEMP).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Disappearance and impairment of VEMPs could be observed after CI, and the waveforms of oVEMP and cVEMP could reflect the degree of damage to the utricle and saccule caused by CI and other related factors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The oVEMPs and cVEMPs prove to be accurate methods to evaluate vestibular function in children with CI.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Ear Institute of Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi'an, China; Department of Otology and Skull Base Surgery, Eye Ear Nose & Throat Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China; Key Laboratory of Hearing Science, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Xin-Da
authors.initials: XD
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Ear Institute of Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi'an, China.
authors.forename: Xiao-Tong
authors.initials: XT
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Ear Institute of Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi'an, China. Electronic address: zhqent@163.com.
authors.forename: Qing
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Ear Institute of Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi'an, China.
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Ear Institute of Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi'an, China.
authors.forename: Yan-Fei
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Ear Institute of Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi'an, China.
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Xu
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D019929:Cochlear Implantation; D003054:Cochlear Implants; D004576:Electromyography; D005260:Female; D006319:Hearing Loss, Sensorineural / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000502:physiology; D058585:Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potentials / Q000502:physiology*; D014724:Vestibular Function Tests
keywords: Cervical vestibular-evoked myogenic potential (cVEMP); Cochlear implant (CI); Ocular vestibular-evoked myogenic potential (oVEMP); Saccule; Utricle; Vestibular function