title: A validated method for quantifying hypoglycin A in whole blood by UHPLC-HRMS/MS.
abstract: Hypoglycin A (HGA) is the toxic principle in ackee (Blighia sapida Koenig), a nutritious and readily available fruit which is a staple of the Jamaican working-class and rural population. The aril of the unripe fruit has high concentrations of HGA, the cause of Jamaican vomiting sickness, which is very often fatal. HGA is also present in the samara of several species of maple (Acer spp.) which are suspected to cause seasonal pasture myopathy in North America and equine atypical myopathy in Europe, often fatal for horses. The aim of this study was to develop a method for quantifying HGA in blood that would be sensitive enough to provide toxicological evidence of ackee or maple poisoning. Analysis was carried out using solid-phase extraction (HILIC cartridges), dansyl derivatization and UHPLC-HRMS/MS detection. The method was validated in whole blood with a detection limit of 0.35 μg/L (range: 0.8-500 μg/L). This is the first method applicable in forensic toxicology for quantifying HGA in whole blood. HGA was quantified in two serum samples from horses suffering from atypical myopathy. The concentrations were 446.9 and 87.8 μg/L. HGA was also quantified in dried arils of unripe ackee fruit (Suriname) and seeds of sycamore maple (Acer pseudoplatanus L.) (France). The concentrations were 7.2 and 0.74 mg/g respectively.
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire LAT LUMTOX, 800 av. Marie Curie Z.I. Jean Jaurès, 07800 La Voulte-sur-Rhône, France; Ecole Doctorale Interdisciplinaire Sciences-Santé, Université Claude Bernard, Hôpital Louis Pradel, 28 av. du Doyen Lépine, 69677 Bron, France. Electronic address: j.carlier@latlumtox.com.
authors.forename: Jérémy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Carlier
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de toxicologie, Faculté de pharmacie de Lyon, 8 av. Rockefeller, 69373 Lyon, France; Laboratoire de pharmacologie, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, chemin du Grand Revoyet, 69495 Pierre-Bénite, France.
authors.forename: Jérôme
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Guitton
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire LAT LUMTOX, 800 av. Marie Curie Z.I. Jean Jaurès, 07800 La Voulte-sur-Rhône, France.
authors.forename: Cécile
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Moreau
authors.affiliation: Institut médico-légal, Centre Hospitalier de Clermont-Ferrand, rue Montalembert, 63033 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
authors.forename: Baptiste
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Boyer
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire LAT LUMTOX, 71 av. Rockefeller, 69003 Lyon, France.
authors.forename: Fabien
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bévalot
authors.affiliation: Institut médico-légal, Faculté de médecine, 12 av. Rockefeller, 69008 Lyon, France.
authors.forename: Laurent
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Fanton
authors.affiliation: FARAH, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Liège, 20 bvd. de Colonster, 4000 Liège 1, Belgium.
authors.forename: Jean
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Habyarimana
authors.affiliation: VETAGROSUP, Ecole nationale vétérinaire de Lyon, 1 av. Bourgelat, 69280 Marcy l'Etoile, France.
authors.forename: Gilbert
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gault
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire LAT LUMTOX, 800 av. Marie Curie Z.I. Jean Jaurès, 07800 La Voulte-sur-Rhône, France.
authors.forename: Yvan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Gaillard
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D006736:Horses; D007005:Hypoglycins / Q000097:blood*; D057230:Limit of Detection; D016014:Linear Models; D010939:Plant Poisoning / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000662:veterinary; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D007005:Hypoglycins; C041757:hypoglycin
keywords: Acer pseudoplatanus L.; Blighia sapida Koenig; Equine atypical myopathy; Hypoglycin A; Jamaican vomiting sickness; Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography–high resolution tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC–HRMS/MS)