title: Evaluation of food intake and excretion of metabolites in nephrolithiasis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Nephrolithiasis is a common condition with high prevalence and recurrence, occurring by a complex and multifactorial process.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To analyze the main dietary and metabolic characteristics of patients with nephrolithiasis and compare them with a control group.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross sectional study with 31 patients with nephrolithiasis (NE) and 18 healthy. By the dietary intake it were observed sodium, calcium, protein, potassium, vitamin C, oxalate and water intake in both groups. Metabolic assessment were analyzed in urinary excretion of oxalate and citrate. The presence of hypertension and body mass index (BMI) was also evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the NE group, it was found that 45.2% had a high intake of sodium and 100% a high intake of oxalate. It was also observed a low calcium, potassium and vitamin C intake by 93.5%, 100% and 94.9% respectively. Regarding protein, only 12.5% had normal protein intake. Concerning water intake, 12.9% had an ingestion less than 1 liter, 54.8% between 1 and 2 liters and 32.3% higher than 2 liters. Hypertension was observed in 64.5% of patients and adequate excretion of oxalate and citrate in 90.5% of them. There was no statistically difference in food intake, BMI and oxalate excretion between groups. However, the NE group showed higher urinary citrate.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It was found in both groups a high prevalence of overweight patients, a high intake of oxalate and sodium, in addition to inadequate intakes of calcium, potassium and vitamin C. The NE group showed high protein intake and increased excretion of citrate.
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal do Paraná.
authors.forename: Evellyn Alves
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Gordiano
authors.affiliation: Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná.
authors.forename: Larissa Marques
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Tondin
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal do Paraná.
authors.forename: Renata Costa de
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Miranda
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal do Paraná.
authors.forename: Deise Regina
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Baptista
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal do Paraná.
authors.forename: Mauricio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Carvalho
mesh_terms: D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004032:Diet; D004435:Eating; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D053040:Nephrolithiasis / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000652:urine; D009752:Nutritional Status