title: Olfactory outcomes after endoscopic pituitary surgery with nasoseptal "rescue" flaps: electrocautery versus cold knife.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Olfaction has been shown to have a large impact on patients' lives. Endoscopic pituitary surgery is associated with potentially significant damage to olfactory tissues. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of cauterization on olfactory function when performing endoscopic pituitary surgery with a nasoseptal "rescue" flap.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective review was performed of prospectively collected data. Olfaction was the primary outcome and was measured using the subjective visual analog scale (VAS; 0-100) and Cross-Cultural Smell Identification Test (CC-SIT) before and 3 months after surgery. Significant olfactory deficit was defined as >20% loss compared with preoperative functions. Patients who underwent an endoscopic transsphenoidal approach with NSRFs for pituitary adenoma from June 2012 to March 2013 were included. Included patients were divided into two groups; group 1 underwent rescue flaps raised by monopolar cautery and group 2 underwent rescue flaps by cold knife.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Forty-nine patients were included in this study. There were 19 patients in group 1 and 30 patients in group 2. There was no significant difference in subjective olfactory change between the two groups (p = 0.386; group 1, 13.68 ± 17.7, versus group 2, 6.83 ± 8.25). However, 5 of 19 patients (26.3%) had significant olfactory loss in group 1 and 1 of 30 (3.3%) in group 2. This difference was statistically significant (p = 0.027). None of the patients showed a significant decrease in CC-SIT score.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Raising the rescue flap by cold knife could reduce the rate of hyposmia compared with using an electrocautery postoperatively.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Sang Duk
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.forename: Do-Hyun
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Nam
authors.forename: JunOh
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Hyo Yeol
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Seung-Kyu
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: Hun-Jong
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Dhong
mesh_terms: D000236:Adenoma / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D004564:Electrocoagulation / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D004724:Endoscopy / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009300:Nasal Septum / Q000601:surgery; D000857:Olfaction Disorders / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D010902:Pituitary Gland / Q000601:surgery*; D010911:Pituitary Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000517:prevention & control*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013100:Sphenoid Bone / Q000601:surgery; D013524:Surgical Flaps / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult