title: The association between bronchial anthracofibrosis and pneumoconiosis: A retrospective cross-sectional study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Bronchial anthracofibrosis (BAF) is associated with occupational hazardous dust exposure. The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of BAF and BAC without fibrosis in patients with pneumoconiosis, and to evaluate the associations between BAC/BAF and occupational dust exposure and clinical manifestations among patients with pneumoconiosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective cross-sectional study (n=170) among individuals who were diagnosed with pneumoconiosis or suspicious pneumoconiosis and underwent bronchoscopy between January 2000 and February 2013 was performed. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to estimate associations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In total, 153 eligible subjects were included in the study because their records contained all the required information. Of these, 81 (53%) and 63 (41%) had BAC and BAF, respectively. Occupational coal dust exposure increased the risk of BAF and BAC (odds ratio [OR]=2.980, 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.184-8.128; OR=2.840, 95% CI=1.092-7.926, respectively). Profusion category 3 pneumoconiosis also increased the risk of BAC (OR=33.887, 95% CI=5.317-394.729).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  BAF and BAC are associated with occupational exposure to coal dust. Therefore, clinicians should consider occupational history when they investigate the association between BAC/BAF and risk factors such as tuberculosis, lung cancer, and biomass fuel exposure.
authors.affiliation: Seoul St. Mary's Hospital; Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Younmo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Jun-Pyo
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Myong
authors.forename: Hyoung-Ryoul
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: HyeEun
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Tae-Won
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Jang
authors.forename: Jung-Wan
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Koo
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D055008:Anthracosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D001980:Bronchi / Q000473:pathology; D001982:Bronchial Diseases / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D003031:Coal / Q000633:toxicity; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004391:Dust / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D005355:Fibrosis; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011009:Pneumoconiosis / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012822:Silicon Dioxide / Q000633:toxicity; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D003031:Coal; D004391:Dust; D012822:Silicon Dioxide