title: Effects of grape powder supplementation on inflammatory and antioxidant markers in hemodialysis patients: a randomized double-blind study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Polyphenols contained in natural sources such as grapes, have been considered pharmacological agents to combat oxidative stress and inflammation, common features in Chronic Kidney Disease patients.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effects of grape powder supplementation on inflammatory and antioxidant biomarkers in hemodialysis (HD) patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  The double-blind placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial evaluated non-diabetic HD patients that received grape powder (500 mg of polyphenols/day) (n = 16, 9 men, 53.0 ± 9.8 years of age, 111.6 ± 58.2 HD months) or placebo (n = 16, 9 men, 52.7 ± 13.7 years of age, 110.4 ± 93.1 HD months) for five weeks. The glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were evaluated by ELISA method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After the intervention period, the patients receiving grape powder showed an increase in the GSH-Px activity (16.5 (41.0) to 42.0 (43.3) nmol/min/ml) (p < 0.05) and they did not have the CRP levels increased as seen in placebo group (2.6 (0.28) to 2.8 (0.23 mg/L) (p < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of grape powder as phenolic source could play an important role as an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent in non-diabetic HD patients.
authors.affiliation: Fluminense Federal University.
authors.forename: Alessandra Grau de Paula Ramos
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Janiques
authors.affiliation: State University of Rio de Janeiro.
authors.forename: Viviane de Oliveira
authors.initials: Vde O
authors.lastname: Leal
authors.affiliation: Fluminense Federal University.
authors.forename: Milena Barcza
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Stockler-Pinto
authors.affiliation: Fluminense Federal University.
authors.forename: Nara Xavier
authors.initials: NX
authors.lastname: Moreira
authors.affiliation: Fluminense Federal University.
authors.forename: Denise
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mafra
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000032:analysis; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis* / Q000187:drug effects*; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000097:blood* / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011208:Powders; D006435:Renal Dialysis; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000097:blood* / Q000628:therapy*; D027843:Vitis
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D015415:Biomarkers; D010936:Plant Extracts; D011208:Powders; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase