title: Effects of extremely low frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF) on catalase, cytochrome P450 and nitric oxide synthase in erythro-leukemic cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMFs) are widely employed in electrical appliances and different equipment such as television sets, mobile phones, computers and microwaves. The molecular mechanism through which ELF-EMFs can influence cellular behavior is still unclear. A hypothesis is that ELF-EMFs could interfere with chemical reactions involving free radical production. Under physiologic conditions, cells maintain redox balance through production of ROS/RNS and antioxidant molecules. The altered balance between ROS generation and elimination plays a critical role in a variety of pathologic conditions including neurodegenerative diseases, aging and cancer. Actually, there is a disagreement as to whether there is a causal or coincidental relationship between ELF-EMF exposure and leukemia development. Increased ROS levels have been observed in several hematopoietic malignancies including acute and chronic myeloid leukemias.
  
  
  METHODS
  In our study, the effect of ELF-EMF exposure on catalase, cytochrome P450 and inducible nitric oxide synthase activity and their expression by Western blot analysis in myelogenous leukemia cell line K562 was evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A significant modulation of iNOS, CAT and Cyt P450 protein expression was recorded as a result of ELF-EMF exposure in both phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-stimulated and non-stimulated cell lines. Modulation in kinetic parameters of CAT, CYP-450 and iNOS enzymes in response to ELF-EMF indicates an interaction between the ELF-EMF and the enzymological system.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These new insights might be important in establishing a mechanistic framework at the molecular level within which the possible effects of ELF-EMF on health can be understood.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine and Aging Science, University 'G. d'Annunzio' of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini, Chieti, Italy.
authors.forename: Antonia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Patruno
authors.affiliation: King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Shams
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tabrez
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine and Aging Science, University 'G. d'Annunzio' of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini, Chieti, Italy.
authors.forename: Mirko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pesce
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioengineering, Integral University, Kursi Road, Lucknow, UP, India.
authors.forename: Shazi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shakil
authors.affiliation: King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Mohammad A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Kamal
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental and Clinical Sciences, University "G.d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy. Electronic address: mreale@unich.it.
authors.forename: Marcella
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Reale
mesh_terms: D002374:Catalase / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000528:radiation effects*; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000528:radiation effects*; D004574:Electromagnetic Fields; D006801:Humans; D020014:K562 Cells; D004915:Leukemia, Erythroblastic, Acute / Q000201:enzymology*; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000528:radiation effects*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / Q000494:pharmacology; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; D002374:Catalase; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate
keywords: Catalase; Cytochrome P450; INOS; K562