title: [Effect of pseudophacic mini-monovision as an option for independence of spectacles in everyday life].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Modern day patients who undergo bilateral cataract surgery expect to be spectacles-independent after surgery. The options that are available to attain this goal are pseudophakic monovision, implanting multifocal IOLs or alternatively accommodative IOLs. The aim of this study is to establish the suitability in daily life when attaining minor monovision, named hereafter mini-monovision.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this clinical retrospective study 30 patients were examined. These subjects where bilaterally pseudophake and received either AcrySof®-IOL or Acreos® Adapt-IOL with a slight anisometropia of between 0.5 and 1.75 D and with a maximal astigmatism up to 1.5 D. Visual acuity (VA) for distance (ETDRS), intermediate (Jaeger 80 cm) and near (Jaeger 40 cm) as well as defocus curves were assessed. Furthermore were examined: the reading speed using the font size of the Radner reading chart, anisoconia (FA Oculus according to Esser), stereopsis (Titmus), subjective patient satisfaction (adapted VF-14-questionnaire) and the subjective dependence on having to wear spectacles.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median anisometropia was at 0.75 D; the age was between 61 and 80 (median being at 73 years). 12 patients were male and 18 female. When examined with binocular vision 100 % could attain distance VA of at least decimal 1.0 (LogMAR 0) and an intermediate VA of at least decimal 0.8 (LogMAR 0.1), up to 86.57 % a near VA of at least Jaeger 5, (LogMAR 0.4); up to 63.33 % even managed at least Jaeger 3 (LogMAR 0.3). The median average reading speed for binocular uncorrected reading under photopic conditions was 145 words/minute and under mesopic conditions 117 words/minute. The critical font size was LogRAD 0.60 (Jaeger 5-6), the anisoconia at 2 % and stereopsis at 80 arc seconds. The general dependence on glasses was reduced from 100 % preoperatively to 13 %, postoperatively. Simultaneously a high patient satisfaction score of 93.18 in the VF-14 questionnaire was attained. The result is comparable to those quoted in the literature on full monovision and mulitifocal IOLs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  To attain spectacles independency, pseudophake mini-monovision is a cost efficient alternative to multifocal lenses for well selected patients. A relative reduction in near VA must be taken into account. To establish the refractive target further examinations are required. Establishing the accurate depth of vision will be helpful in attaining this.
authors.affiliation: Augenklinik, Universität Rostock.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zettl
authors.affiliation: Augenklinik, Universität Rostock.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Reiß
authors.affiliation: R&D, BeOnline b. v., Roden, Netherlands.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Terwee
authors.affiliation: Augenklinik, Universität Rostock.
authors.forename: R F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Guthoff
authors.affiliation: Augenklinik, Universität Rostock.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Beck
authors.affiliation: Augenklinik, Universität Rostock.
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Stachs
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002387:Cataract Extraction / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003263:Contact Lenses, Hydrophilic; D005139:Eyeglasses; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D019654:Lens Implantation, Intraocular; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019591:Pseudophakia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D012030:Refractive Errors / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014792:Visual Acuity