title: Association between perineal trauma and pain in primiparous women.
abstract: Objective To identify the association between perineal trauma and pain in 473 primiparous women. Method Cross-sectional study in which pain was measured by the numerical pain scale (0 to 10 - 0 being no pain and 10 maximal pain). Results The prevalence and mean intensity of pain were 33.0% and 4.7 points (standard deviation = 2.0) in the numeric scale, respectively. Episiotomy represented the most frequent trauma (46.7%). The occurrence and intensity of the pain were associated with perineal trauma and postpartum time. Having perineal trauma tripled the chance of pain. Each hour elapsed following the birth reduced the chance of pain by 4.8%. Conclusion Primiparous women are subject to a high frequency of perineal trauma, with episiotomy being the most prominent. Perineal pain affects approximately one-third of primiparous women and is associated with the postpartum time and perineal traumas.
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Adriana Amorim
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Francisco
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Mirian Hiromi
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Kinjo
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Caroline de Souza
authors.initials: Cde S
authors.lastname: Bosco
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Renata Luana da
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Edilaine de Paula Batista
authors.initials: Ede P
authors.lastname: Mendes
authors.affiliation: Department of Maternal-Infant and Psychiatric Nursing, School of Nursing, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Sonia Maria Junqueira Vasconcellos
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Oliveira