title: Correlates of prevalent HIV infection among adults and adolescents in the Kisumu incidence cohort study, Kisumu, Kenya.
abstract: We estimated HIV prevalence and identified correlates of HIV infection among 1106 men and women aged 16-34 years residing in Kisumu, Kenya. Demographic, sexual, and other behavioural data were collected using audio computer-assisted self-interview in conjunction with a medical examination, real-time parallel rapid HIV testing, and laboratory testing for pregnancy, gonorrhoea, chlamydia, syphilis, and herpes simplex virus type 2. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify variables associated with prevalent HIV infection by gender. Overall HIV prevalence was 12.1%. HIV prevalence among women (17.1%) was approximately two-and-one-half times the prevalence among men (6.6%). Odds of HIV infection in men increased with age (aOR associated with one-year increase in age = 1.21, CI = 1.07-1.35) and were greater among those who were uncircumcised (aOR = 4.42, CI = 1.41-13.89) and those who had an herpes simplex virus type 2-positive (aOR = 3.13, CI = 1.12-8.73) test result. Odds of prevalent HIV infection among women also increased with age (aOR associated with one-year increase in age = 1.16, CI = 1.04-1.29). Women who tested herpes simplex virus type 2 positive had more than three times the odds (aOR = 3.85, CI = 1.38-10.46) of prevalent HIV infection compared with those who tested herpes simplex virus type 2 negative. Tailored sexual health interventions and programs may help mitigate HIV age and gender disparities.
authors.affiliation: Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya agumbe@iavi.org.
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gumbe
authors.affiliation: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
authors.forename: Eleanor
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: McLellan-Lemal
authors.affiliation: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
authors.forename: Deborah A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Gust
authors.affiliation: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
authors.forename: Sherri L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Pals
authors.affiliation: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
authors.forename: Kristen Mahle
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Gray
authors.affiliation: Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya.
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ndivo
authors.affiliation: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
authors.forename: Robert T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, HIV-Research Branch, Kisumu, Kenya.
authors.forename: Lisa A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Mills
authors.affiliation: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, HIV-Research Branch, Kisumu, Kenya.
authors.forename: Timothy K
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Thomas
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D002944:Circumcision, Male; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006069:Gonorrhea / Q000453:epidemiology; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006558:Herpes Genitalis / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007630:Kenya / Q000453:epidemiology; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D015995:Prevalence; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: AIDS; HIV; Kenya; epidemiology; gender disparities; herpes simplex virus type 2 infection; male circumcision; prevalence; sexually transmitted infection