title: Studies on crude oil removal from pebbles by the application of biodiesel.
abstract: Oil residues along shorelines are hard to remove after an oil spill. The effect of biodiesel to eliminate crude oil from pebbles alone and in combination with petroleum degrading bacteria was investigated in simulated systems. Adding biodiesel made oil detach from pebbles and formed oil-biodiesel mixtures, most of which remained on top of seawater. The total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) removal efficiency increased with biodiesel quantities but the magnitude of augment decreased gradually. When used with petroleum degrading bacteria, the addition of biodiesel (BD), nutrients (NUT) and BD+NUT increased the dehydrogenase activity and decreased the biodegradation half lives. When BD and NUT were replenished at the same time, the TPH removal efficiency was 7.4% higher compared to the total improvement of efficiency when BD and NUT was added separately, indicating an additive effect of biodiesel and nutrients on oil biodegradation.
authors.affiliation: College of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao Technological University, Qingdao 266033, China.
authors.forename: Wen-xiang
authors.initials: WX
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.affiliation: College of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao Technological University, Qingdao 266033, China.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.affiliation: College of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao Technological University, Qingdao 266033, China. Electronic address: 1145985449@qq.com.
authors.forename: Jin-cheng
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: College of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao Technological University, Qingdao 266033, China.
authors.forename: Dan-feng
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Marine Spill Oil Identification and Damage Assessment Technology, North China Sea Environmental Monitoring Center of State Oceanic Administration, Shandong, Qingdao 266033, China.
authors.forename: Qing
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Marine Spill Oil Identification and Damage Assessment Technology, North China Sea Environmental Monitoring Center of State Oceanic Administration, Shandong, Qingdao 266033, China.
authors.forename: Xin-ping
authors.initials: XP
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D001419:Bacteria / Q000378:metabolism*; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D056804:Biofuels; D006838:Hydrocarbons / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D010578:Petroleum / Q000032:analysis; D059392:Petroleum Pollution; D012623:Seawater / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D056804:Biofuels; D006838:Hydrocarbons; D010578:Petroleum
keywords: Biodiesel; Bioremediation; Nutrients; Pebble; Petroleum contamination