title: Hormonal and metabolic responses to endurance exercise in children with Prader-Willi syndrome and non-syndromic obesity.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Excess adiposity affects endocrine and metabolic function at rest and during exercise. This study evaluated the endocrine and metabolic responses to exercise in syndromic (Prader-Willi syndrome) and non-syndromic pediatric obesity.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eleven PWS (10.9±1.6 y, 45.4±9.5% body fat), 12 lean (9.4±1.2 y, 17.5±4.6% body fat), and 12 obese (9.2±1.2 y, 39.9±6.8% body fat) children completed ten two-minute cycling exercise bouts, separated by one-minute rest. Blood samples were obtained at rest pre-exercise (PRE), immediately post-exercise (IP), and 15, 30 and 60 minutes into recovery. Samples were analyzed for hormones and metabolites.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Growth hormone increased in response to exercise in lean and obese but not PWS (IP>PRE; IP: lean>obese). Epinephrine increased with exercise in lean (IP>PRE), while norepinephrine increased in lean and obese (IP>PRE) but not PWS; no differences were observed between lean and obese groups at IP. No other significant hormonal group interactions existed. Glucose, lactate, free fatty acid, glycerol and ketone responses were similar among groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PWS children exhibited altered stress hormone responses to exercise. However, glucose-regulating hormones and metabolic responses to exercise appeared normal.
authors.affiliation: Department of Kinesiology, California State University, Fullerton, 800N. State College Blvd, CA, 92834 USA. Electronic address: drubin@fullerton.edu.
authors.forename: Daniela A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Rubin
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Children's Hospital of Orange County, 1201W La Veta, Orange, CA, 92868 USA.
authors.forename: Susan J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.affiliation: Department of Kinesiology, California State University, Fullerton, 800N. State College Blvd, CA, 92834 USA; Department of Kinesiology, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, 35487, USA.
authors.forename: Jason
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ng
authors.affiliation: Department of Kinesiology, California State University, Fullerton, 800N. State College Blvd, CA, 92834 USA.
authors.forename: Diobel M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Castner
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, 11405-87 Avenue, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2R3, Canada.
authors.forename: Andrea M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Haqq
authors.affiliation: Department of Kinesiology, California State University, Fullerton, 800N. State College Blvd, CA, 92834 USA.
authors.forename: Daniel A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Judelson
mesh_terms: D001642:Bicycling; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D001823:Body Composition; D001835:Body Weight; D002648:Child; D005081:Exercise Therapy; D005260:Female; D006728:Hormones / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009765:Obesity / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D010807:Physical Endurance; D011218:Prader-Willi Syndrome / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000534:rehabilitation*
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D006728:Hormones
keywords: Adiposity; Endocrinology; Exercise physiology; Genetics