title: Safety and diagnostic accuracy of tumor biopsies in children with cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Tumor biopsies are central to the diagnosis and management of cancer and are critical to efforts in personalized medicine and targeted therapeutics. In the current study, the authors sought to evaluate the safety and accuracy of biopsies in children with cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  All biopsies performed in children at the study institution with a suspected or established diagnosis of cancer from 2003 through 2012 were reviewed retrospectively. Patient characteristics and disease-related and procedure-related factors were correlated with procedure-related complications and diagnostic accuracy using logistic regression analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 1073 biopsies were performed in 808 patients. Of 1025 biopsies with adequate follow-up, 79 (7.7%) were associated with an adverse event, 35 (3.4%) of which were minor (grade 1-2) and 32 (3.1%) of which were major (grade 3-4) (grading was performed according to the National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events [version 4.0]). The most common major adverse events were blood transfusion (>10 mL/kg; 24 cases) and infection requiring intravenous antibiotics (6 cases). Eleven deaths (1.4%) occurred within 30 days after the procedure, but the procedure may have contributed to the outcome in only 2 cases. A total of 926 biopsies (90.3%) provided definitive histologic diagnoses. Using multivariable analysis, biopsy site, preprocedure hematocrit level, and body mass index were found to be associated with the risk of postprocedural complications (P<.0001, P<.0001, and P =.0029, respectively). Excisional biopsy and biopsy site were found to be independently associated with obtaining a diagnostic result (P =.0002 and P =.0008, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Tumor biopsies in children with cancer are associated with a low incidence of complications and a high rate of diagnostic accuracy. The predictive factors identified for adverse outcomes may aid in risk assessment and preprocedural counseling.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee; Department of Surgery, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee.
authors.forename: Rodrigo B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Interiano
authors.forename: Amos H P
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Loh
authors.forename: Nathan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hinkle
authors.forename: Fazal N
authors.initials: FN
authors.lastname: Wahid
authors.forename: Alpin D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Malkan
authors.forename: Armita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bahrami
authors.forename: Jesse J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Jenkins
authors.forename: Shenghua
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mao
authors.forename: Jianrong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Kimberly
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Proctor
authors.forename: Victor M
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Santana
authors.forename: Alberto S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Pappo
authors.forename: Robert E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Gold
authors.forename: Andrew M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Davidoff
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001706:Biopsy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000209:etiology* / Q000401:mortality*; D011379:Prognosis; D012449:Safety; D015996:Survival Rate; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: accuracy; biopsy; pediatrics; safety; tumors