title: Computerized tomography contrast induced nephropathy (CIN) among adult inpatients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Contrast induced nephropathy (CIN) is one of the complications of the use of intravascular contrast agents, being defined as a reduction of the glomerular filtration rate caused by the iodinated contrast. Most CIN data derive from the cardiovascular literature, which identified as the most consistent risk factors pre-existing chronic renal insufficiency and diabetes mellitus. However, these studies limit their conclusions to a more specific patient population. Computerized tomography as a cause of CIN has been studied less often.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To report on the incidence of computerized tomography contrast induced nephropathy (CIN) in an inpatient population of a tertiary general hospital, identifying potentially avoidable risk factors.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a prospective cohort study with inpatients admitted at a tertiary hospital requiring contrast-induced CT. The primary outcome was the development of CIN, measure by the alteration of serum creatinine or glomerular filtration rate in 48 or 72 hours. Through clinical interview, we verified possible risk factors and preventive measures instituted by the medical team and their association with development of CIN.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of a total of 410 patients, 35 (8.5%) developed CIN. There was a positive correlation between CIN and the presence of diabetes mellitus (OR = 2.15; 95%CI 1.35-4.06; p = 0.02), heart failure (OR = 2.23; 95%CI 1.18-8.8; p = 0.022), and renal failure (OR = 3.36; 95%CI 1.57- 7.17; p = 0.002) CONCLUSION: Incidence of CIN varies according to the population. Diabetes mellitus, heart failure and renal failure were independent risk factors for the development of CT-associated CIN. Further studies are needed to better understand and treat CT-associated CIN.
authors.affiliation: Porto Alegre University Hospital.
authors.forename: Luciano Passamani
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Diogo
authors.affiliation: Montenegro Hospital, RS.
authors.forename: Laura Fuchs
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Bahlis
authors.affiliation: Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul.
authors.forename: Gustavo Franco
authors.initials: GF
authors.lastname: Carvalhal
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media