title: The ω6-fatty acid, arachidonic acid, regulates the conversion of white to brite adipocyte through a prostaglandin/calcium mediated pathway.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Brite adipocytes are inducible energy-dissipating cells expressing UCP1 which appear within white adipose tissue of healthy adult individuals. Recruitment of these cells represents a potential strategy to fight obesity and associated diseases.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Using human Multipotent Adipose-Derived Stem cells, able to convert into brite adipocytes, we show that arachidonic acid strongly inhibits brite adipocyte formation via a cyclooxygenase pathway leading to secretion of PGE2 and PGF2α. Both prostaglandins induce an oscillatory Ca(++) signaling coupled to ERK pathway and trigger a decrease in UCP1 expression and in oxygen consumption without altering mitochondriogenesis. In mice fed a standard diet supplemented with ω6 arachidonic acid, PGF2α and PGE2 amounts are increased in subcutaneous white adipose tissue and associated with a decrease in the recruitment of brite adipocytes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that dietary excess of ω6 polyunsaturated fatty acids present in Western diets, may also favor obesity by preventing the "browning" process to take place.
authors.affiliation: Univ. Nice Sophia Antipolis, iBV, UMR 7277, 06100 Nice, France ; CNRS, iBV, UMR 7277, 06100 Nice, France ; Inserm, iBV, U1091, 06100 Nice, France.
authors.forename: Didier F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Pisani
authors.affiliation: Univ. Nice Sophia Antipolis, iBV, UMR 7277, 06100 Nice, France ; CNRS, iBV, UMR 7277, 06100 Nice, France ; Inserm, iBV, U1091, 06100 Nice, France.
authors.forename: Rayane A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Ghandour
authors.affiliation: Univ. Nice Sophia Antipolis, iBV, UMR 7277, 06100 Nice, France ; CNRS, iBV, UMR 7277, 06100 Nice, France ; Inserm, iBV, U1091, 06100 Nice, France.
authors.forename: Guillaume E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Beranger
authors.affiliation: Lipidomic Core Facility, Metatoul Platform, France ; INSERM, UMR1048, Obesity Research Laboratory, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Toulouse, France ; University of Toulouse, UMR1048, Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France.
authors.forename: Pauline
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Le Faouder
authors.affiliation: Univ. Nice Sophia Antipolis, iBV, UMR 7277, 06100 Nice, France ; CNRS, iBV, UMR 7277, 06100 Nice, France ; Inserm, iBV, U1091, 06100 Nice, France.
authors.forename: Jean-Claude
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Chambard
authors.affiliation: Univ. Nice Sophia Antipolis, iBV, UMR 7277, 06100 Nice, France ; CNRS, iBV, UMR 7277, 06100 Nice, France ; Inserm, iBV, U1091, 06100 Nice, France.
authors.forename: Maude
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Giroud
authors.affiliation: Joint Division Molecular Metabolic Control, Alliance and Network Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Center for Molecular Biology (ZMBH) and University Hospital, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Alexandros
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vegiopoulos
authors.affiliation: Univ. Nice Sophia Antipolis, iBV, UMR 7277, 06100 Nice, France ; CNRS, iBV, UMR 7277, 06100 Nice, France ; Inserm, iBV, U1091, 06100 Nice, France.
authors.forename: Mansour
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Djedaini
authors.affiliation: Lipidomic Core Facility, Metatoul Platform, France ; INSERM, UMR1048, Obesity Research Laboratory, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Toulouse, France ; University of Toulouse, UMR1048, Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France.
authors.forename: Justine
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bertrand-Michel
authors.affiliation: Univ. Nice Sophia Antipolis, LP2M, UMR 7370, 06100 Nice, France ; UMR 7370, CNRS-LP2M, 06100 Nice, France.
authors.forename: Michel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tauc
authors.affiliation: Joint Division Molecular Metabolic Control, Alliance and Network Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Center for Molecular Biology (ZMBH) and University Hospital, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Stephan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Herzig
authors.affiliation: INSERM, UMR1048, Obesity Research Laboratory, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Toulouse, France ; University of Toulouse, UMR1048, Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France ; Toulouse University Hospitals, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Toulouse, France.
authors.forename: Dominique
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Langin
authors.affiliation: Univ. Nice Sophia Antipolis, iBV, UMR 7277, 06100 Nice, France ; CNRS, iBV, UMR 7277, 06100 Nice, France ; Inserm, iBV, U1091, 06100 Nice, France.
authors.forename: Gérard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ailhaud
authors.affiliation: Univ. Nice Sophia Antipolis, LP2M, UMR 7370, 06100 Nice, France ; UMR 7370, CNRS-LP2M, 06100 Nice, France.
authors.forename: Christophe
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Duranton
authors.affiliation: Univ. Nice Sophia Antipolis, iBV, UMR 7277, 06100 Nice, France ; CNRS, iBV, UMR 7277, 06100 Nice, France ; Inserm, iBV, U1091, 06100 Nice, France.
authors.forename: Ez-Zoubir
authors.initials: EZ
authors.lastname: Amri
keywords: Calcium oscillation; PGE2; PGF2α; PGI2; Polyunsaturated fatty acids; UCP1