title: Galectin-8 predicts postoperative recurrence of patients with localized T1 clear cell renal cell carcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Galectin-8 (Gal-8), belonging to a family of the "tandem repeat"-type galectins that contain 2 carbohydrate recognition domains, serves to retain cell surface residency and signaling of glycoproteins including cytokine and growth factor receptors, and thereby promoting development and progression of various malignancies. This study aims to evaluate the effect of Gal-8 expression on postoperative recurrence of patients with localized pathologic T1 (pT1) clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC).
  
  
  METHODS
  In this retrospective study, we enrolled 244 patients (122 in group A and 122 in group B) with localized pT1 ccRCC undergoing nephrectomy at a single institution. Specimens from patients were collected from January 2003 to December 2008. Median follow-up was 71 months (range: 12-120 mo) in group A and 70 months (range: 12-119 mo) in group B. Overall, 14 patients experienced recurrence in group A (n = 122) and 22 patients had recurrence in group B (n = 122). Gal-8 expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry in clinical specimens. Kaplan-Meier method with log-rank test was performed to compare survival curves. Cox regression models were used to evaluate the prognostic values of variables on recurrence-free survival. Concordance index was calculated to assess prognostic accuracy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In both groups, patients with high expression of Gal-8 were significantly inclined to have high rates of necrosis. High Gal-8 expression indicated early recurrence of patients with localized pT1 ccRCC. Gal-8 expression was determined to be an independent adverse prognostic indicator for recurrence. The accuracy of The Mayo Clinic Stage, Size, Grade, and Necrosis score and University of Los Angeles Integrated Staging System prognostic models was improved when Gal-8 expression was added.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Gal-8 expression is a potential independent unfavorable prognostic indicator for postoperative recurrence of patients with localized pT1 ccRCC.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Research, Ministery Of Health, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Yidong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Le
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Ninth People׳s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Weijuan
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Research, Ministery Of Health, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Weisi
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Research, Ministery Of Health, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Haiou
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Research, Ministery Of Health, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, China. Electronic address: jjxufdu@fudan.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Jiejie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000378:metabolism*; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D018450:Disease Progression; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D037161:Galectins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D009392:Nephrectomy; D011379:Prognosis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D016207:Cytokines; D037161:Galectins; D006023:Glycoproteins; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; C091991:LGALS8 protein, human
keywords: Clear cell renal cell carcinoma; Galectin-8; Prognostic biomarker; Recurrence-free survival