title: [Secretion of incretin hormones in people having risk factors for type 2 diabetes mellitus].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the secretion of glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP),and glucagon- like peptide 2 (GLP-2) in response to a carbohydrate load in people with risk factors for type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) in relation to the type of carbohydrate metabolic disturbances and age.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and twenty-seven patients having DM2 risk factors who had not previously received glucose- lowering therapy underwent an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). The plasma levels of glucose, insulin, glucagon, GLP-1, GIP, and GLP-2 were determined at 0, 30, and 120 minutes of the test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  According to the findings, the patients were divided into 3 groups: 1) normal glucose tolerance; 2) prediabetic states (impaired glucose tolerance and/or impaired fasting glycemia); 3) new-onset DM2. OGTT showed that the secretion of GLP-1 was lower and that of GIP and GLP-2 was higher in patients with DM2. GLP-1 secretion decreased with patient age.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  During OGTT, there is a statistically significantly difference in the secretion of incretin hormones in persons with varying degrees of carbohydrate metabolic disturbances: the peak GLP-1 secretion is the highest in healthy individuals and lowest in the patients with DM2; on the contrary, the peak GLP2 and GIP secretions are the highest in the patients with DM2. This may suggest that GLP-1 and the two other hormones (GLP-2 and GIP) show opposite effect in the regulatory mechanisms of carbohydrate metabolism. GLP-1 secretion is decreased with age, which may be one of the reasons for the higher prevalence of DM2 among the elderly.
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Shestakova
authors.forename: A V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Il'in
authors.forename: M V
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Shestakova
authors.forename: I I
authors.initials: II
authors.lastname: Dedov
mesh_terms: D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D005749:Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide / Q000097:blood*; D004763:Glucagon-Like Peptides / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D054795:Incretins / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D062706:Prodromal Symptoms; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D054795:Incretins; D005749:Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide; D004763:Glucagon-Like Peptides