title: Night shift work, chronotype and prostate cancer risk in the MCC-Spain case-control study.
abstract: Night shift work has been classified as a probable human carcinogen based on experimental studies and limited human evidence on breast cancer. Evidence on other common cancers, such as prostate cancer, is scarce. Chronotype is an individual characteristic that may relate to night work adaptation. We evaluated night shift work with relation to prostate cancer, taking into account chronotype and disease severity in a population based case-control study in Spain. We included 1,095 prostate cancer cases and 1,388 randomly selected population controls. We collected detailed information on shift schedules (permanent vs. rotating, time schedules, duration, frequency), using lifetime occupational history. Sociodemographic and lifestyle factors were assessed by face-to-face interviews and chronotype through a validated questionnaire. We used unconditional logistic regression analysis adjusting for potential confounders. Subjects who had worked at least for one year in night shift work had a slightly higher prostate cancer risk [Odds Ratio (OR) 1.14; 95%CI 0.94, 1.37] compared with never night workers; this risk increased with longer duration of exposure (≥ 28 years: OR 1.37; 95%CI 1.05, 1.81; p-trend = 0.047). Risks were more pronounced for high risk tumors [D'Amico classification, Relative Risk Ratio (RRR) 1.40; 95%CI 1.05, 1.86], particularly among subjects with longer duration of exposure (≥28 years: RRR 1.63; 95%CI 1.08, 2.45; p-trend = 0.027). Overall risk was higher among subjects with an evening chronotype, but also increased in morning chronotypes after long-term night work. In this large population based study, we found an association between night shift work and prostate cancer particularly for tumors with worse prognosis.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain.|Bioanalysis Research Group, IMIM (Hospital Del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain.|Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain.|CIBER Epidemiología Y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Kyriaki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Papantoniou
authors.affiliation: Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain.|Bioanalysis Research Group, IMIM (Hospital Del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain.|Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain.|CIBER Epidemiología Y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Gemma
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Castaño-Vinyals
authors.affiliation: Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain.|Bioanalysis Research Group, IMIM (Hospital Del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain.|Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain.|CIBER Epidemiología Y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Espinosa
authors.affiliation: CIBER Epidemiología Y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.|Environmental and Cancer Epidemiology Area, National Center of Epidemiology, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain.|Cancer Epidemiology Research Group, Oncology and Hematology Area, IIS Puerta De Hierro, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Nuria
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Aragonés
authors.affiliation: CIBER Epidemiología Y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.|Environmental and Cancer Epidemiology Area, National Center of Epidemiology, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain.|Cancer Epidemiology Research Group, Oncology and Hematology Area, IIS Puerta De Hierro, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Beatriz
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Pérez-Gómez
authors.affiliation: CIBER Epidemiología Y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.|Servicio De Urología, Hospital Ramón Y Cajal, Madrid, Spain.|Instituto Ramón Y Cajal De Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain.|Universidad De Alcalá De Henares, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Burgos
authors.affiliation: CIBER Epidemiología Y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.|University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain.|IDIVAL, Santander, Spain.
authors.forename: Inés
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Gómez-Acebo
authors.affiliation: CIBER Epidemiología Y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.|University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain.|IDIVAL, Santander, Spain.
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Llorca
authors.affiliation: CIBER Epidemiología Y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.|Fundación Para El Fomento De La Investigación Sanitaria Y Biomédica De La Comunidad Valenciana (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: Rosana
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Peiró
authors.affiliation: CIBER Epidemiología Y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.|Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Instituto De Investigación Biosanitaria Ibs.GRANADA, Hospitales Universitarios De Granada/Universidad De Granada, Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: Jose Juan
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Jimenez-Moleón
authors.affiliation: CIBER Epidemiología Y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.|Hospital Infanta Elena, Huelva, Spain.|Centro De Investigación En Salud Y Medio Ambiente (CYSMA), Universidad De Huelva, Spain.
authors.forename: Francisco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Arredondo
authors.affiliation: CIBER Epidemiología Y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.|IUOPA, Universidad De Oviedo, Asturias, Spain.
authors.forename: Adonina
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tardón
authors.affiliation: CIBER Epidemiología Y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.|Environmental and Cancer Epidemiology Area, National Center of Epidemiology, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain.|Cancer Epidemiology Research Group, Oncology and Hematology Area, IIS Puerta De Hierro, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Marina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pollan
authors.affiliation: Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain.|Bioanalysis Research Group, IMIM (Hospital Del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain.|Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain.|CIBER Epidemiología Y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.|National School of Public Health, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Manolis
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kogevinas
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002940:Circadian Rhythm; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D013030:Spain / Q000453:epidemiology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014940:Work Schedule Tolerance
keywords: chronotype; night shift work; prognosis; prostate cancer; survival