title: HIV-1 transmitted drug resistance-associated mutations and mutation co-variation in HIV-1 treatment-naïve MSM from 2011 to 2013 in Beijing, China.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Transmitted drug resistance (TDR) is an important public health issue, because TDR-associated mutation may affect the outcome of antiretroviral treatment potentially or directly. Men who have sex with men (MSM) constitute a major risk group for HIV transmission. However, current reports are scarce on HIV TDR-associated mutations and their co-variation among MSM.
  
  
  METHODS
  Blood samples from 262 newly diagnosed HIV-positive, antiretroviral therapy (ART)-naïve MSM, were collected from January 2011 and December 2013 in Beijing. The polymerase viral genes were sequenced to explore TDR-associated mutations and mutation co-variation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 223 samples were sequenced and analyzed. Among them, HIV-1 CRF01_AE are accounted for 60.5%, followed by CRF07_BC (27.8%), subtype B (9.9%), and others. Fifty-seven samples had at least one TDR-associated mutation, mainly including L10I/V (6.3%), A71L/T/V (6.3%), V179D/E (5.4%), and V106I (2.7%), with different distributions of TDR-associated mutations by different HIV-1 subtypes and by each year. Moreover, eight significant co-variation pairs were found between TDR-associated mutations (V179D/E) and seven overlapping polymorphisms in subtype CRF01_AE.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  To date, this work consists the most comprehensive genetic characterization of HIV-1 TDR-associated mutations prevalent among MSM. It provides important information for understanding TDR and viral evolution among Chinese MSM, a population currently at particularly high risk of HIV transmission.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory for Infection Disease Prevention and Control, National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention (NCAIDS), Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing, 102206, China. sunnydennis@126.com.|Beijing Chaoyang District Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100021, China. sunnydennis@126.com.
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Jiao
authors.affiliation: Beijing Chaoyang District Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100021, China. kszz_001@126.com.
authors.forename: Shuming
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory for Infection Disease Prevention and Control, National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention (NCAIDS), Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing, 102206, China. zhenpenglee@163.com.
authors.forename: Zhenpeng
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Beijing Chaoyang District Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100021, China. anggie_zhzh@126.com.
authors.forename: Zheng
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Beijing Chaoyang District Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100021, China. zjh791210@163.com.
authors.forename: Jianhong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Beijing Chaoyang District Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100021, China. baihe0533@126.com.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Beijing Chaoyang District Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100021, China. waque913@163.com.
authors.forename: Lijuan
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory for Infection Disease Prevention and Control, National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention (NCAIDS), Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing, 102206, China. yinqq2013@163.com.
authors.forename: Qianqian
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory for Infection Disease Prevention and Control, National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention (NCAIDS), Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing, 102206, China. neau_wangyan@163.com.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Beijing Chaoyang District Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100021, China. zzl6311@sina.com.
authors.forename: Zhaoli
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zeng
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory for Infection Disease Prevention and Control, National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention (NCAIDS), Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing, 102206, China. yshao08@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Yiming
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shao
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory for Infection Disease Prevention and Control, National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention (NCAIDS), Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing, 102206, China. mal@chinaaids.cn.
authors.forename: Liying
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ma
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002681:China; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis; D024882:Drug Resistance, Viral / Q000235:genetics*; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000635:transmission / Q000821:virology*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000235:genetics*; D018451:Homosexuality, Male; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009154:Mutation; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D015995:Prevalence; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D004279:DNA, Viral