title: Pharmacokinetics and safety study of posaconazole intravenous solution administered peripherally to healthy subjects.
abstract: This study evaluated the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of a posaconazole i.v. (intravenous) solution. This was a single-center, 2-part, randomized, rising single- and multiple-dose study in healthy adults. In part 1, subjects received 0 (vehicle), 50, 100, 200, 250, or 300 mg posaconazole in a single dose i.v. by 30-min peripheral infusion (6 cohorts of 12 subjects each [9 active and 3 placebo], making a total of 72 subjects). Blood samples were collected until 168 h postdose. In part 2, subjects were to receive 2 peripheral infusions at a 12-h interval on day 1 followed by once-daily infusion for 9 days. However, part 2 was terminated early because of high rates of infusion site reactions with multiple dosing at the same infusion site. The pharmacokinetics results for part 1 (n=45 subjects) showed that the mean posaconazole exposure (area under the concentration-time curve from time zero to infinity [AUC0-∞]) ranged from 4,890 to 46,400 ng · h/ml (range of coefficient of variation values, 26 to 50). The dose-proportionality slope estimate (90% confidence interval) for AUC0-∞ was 1.30 (1.19 to 1.41), indicating a greater-than-dose-proportional increase. The data for safety in part 1 show that 29/72 subjects had ≥1 adverse event. Infusion site reactions were reported in 2/9 vehicle subjects, 0/18 placebo subjects, and 7/45 i.v. posaconazole subjects. The data for safety in part 2 show that infusion site reactions were reported in 1/4 (25%) placebo subjects, 3/9 (33%) vehicle control subjects, and 4/5 (80%) i.v. posaconazole (100 mg) subjects (3 posaconazole recipients subsequently developed thrombophlebitis and were discontinued from treatment). In conclusion, the posaconazole i.v. solution showed a greater-than-dose-proportional increase in exposure, primarily at doses below 200 mg. When administered peripherally at the same infusion site, multiple dosing of i.v. posaconazole led to unacceptably high rates of infusion site reactions. Intravenous posaconazole was otherwise well tolerated. Single doses of i.v. posaconazole were tolerated when given through a peripheral vein over 30 min.
authors.affiliation: Merck Sharp & Dohme, Oss, Netherlands.
authors.forename: Wendy M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Kersemaekers
authors.affiliation: Merck Sharp & Dohme, Oss, Netherlands.
authors.forename: Thijs
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: van Iersel
authors.affiliation: Merck Sharp & Dohme, Oss, Netherlands.
authors.forename: Ulla
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Nassander
authors.affiliation: Celgene, Summit, New Jersey, USA.
authors.forename: Edward
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: O'Mara
authors.affiliation: Merck, Whitehouse Station, New Jersey, USA hetty.waskin@merck.com.
authors.forename: Hetty
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Waskin
authors.affiliation: Merck, Whitehouse Station, New Jersey, USA.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Caceres
authors.affiliation: Merck Sharp & Dohme, Oss, Netherlands.
authors.forename: Marlou L P S
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: van Iersel
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D064368:Healthy Volunteers; D006801:Humans; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D014230:Triazoles / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; D014230:Triazoles; C101425:posaconazole