title: Prevalence of chronic kidney disease and associated factors among the Chinese population in Taian, China.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study was designed to assess the prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and associated risk factors among the Chinese population in Taian, China.
  
  
  METHODS
  A primary care-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Taian, China, from September to December 2012. Participants selected by a multi-stage stratified cluster sampling procedure were interviewed and tested for hematuria, albuminuria, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and other clinical indices. Factors associated with CKD were analyzed by univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 14,399 subjects were enrolled in this study. The rates of hematuria, albuminuria and reduced eGFR were 4.20%, 5.25% and 1.89%, respectively. Approximately 9.49% (95% CI: 8.93%-10.85%) of the participants had at least one indicator of CKD, with an awareness of 1.4%. Univariate analyses showed that greater age, body mass index, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure; higher levels of serum creatinine, uric acid, fasting blood glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; and lower eGFR were associated with CKD (p < 0.05 each). Multivariate analysis showed that age, female gender, educational level, smoking habits, systolic blood pressure, and history of diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, hypercholesterolemia and hyperuricemia were independent risk factors for CKD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prevalence of CKD in the primary care population of Taian, China, is high, although awareness is quite low. Health education and policies to prevent CKD are urgently needed among this population.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, the Affiliated Hospital of Taishan Medical University, No. 706 Taishan Street, Taian, 271000, Shandong Province, China. xuely2539@163.com.
authors.forename: Lingyu
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Xue
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Veterans Hospital, Taian, 271000, Shandong Province, China. yanxialouee@163.com.
authors.forename: Yanxia
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lou
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, the Affiliated Hospital of Taishan Medical University, No. 706 Taishan Street, Taian, 271000, Shandong Province, China. xiaoqingxxf@163.com.
authors.forename: Xiaoqing
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, the Affiliated Hospital of Taishan Medical University, No. 706 Taishan Street, Taian, 271000, Shandong Province, China. chuaihaiwcc@163.com.
authors.forename: Chuaihai
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: The Physical Examination Centre of Affiliated Hospital of Taishan Medical University, Taian, 271000, Shandong Province, China. zhangshenrr@163.com.
authors.forename: Zhangshen
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Ran
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, the Affiliated Hospital of Taishan Medical University, No. 706 Taishan Street, Taian, 271000, Shandong Province, China. xuebinzzh@163.com.
authors.forename: Xuebin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000419:Albuminuria / Q000453:epidemiology; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D015897:Comorbidity; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D006417:Hematuria / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D055815:Young Adult