title: Genotoxicity of Aflatoxin B1 and Ochratoxin A after simultaneous application of the in vivo micronucleus and comet assay.
abstract: Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and Ochratoxin A (OTA) are genotoxic mycotoxins that can contaminate a variety of foodstuffs, the liver and the kidney being their target organs, respectively. The micronucleus (MN) assay (bone marrow) and the comet assay (liver and kidney) were performed simultaneously in F344 rats, treated with AFB1 (0.25 mg/kg b.w.), OTA (0.5 mg/kg b.w.) or both mycotoxins. After AFB1 treatment, histopathology and biochemistry analysis showed liver necrosis, focal inflammation and an increase in Alanine Aminotransferase and Aspartate Aminotransferase. OTA alone did not cause any alteration. The acute hepatotoxic effects caused by AFB1 were less pronounced in animals treated with both mycotoxins. With regard to the MN assay, after 24 h, positive results were obtained for AFB1 and negative results were obtained for OTA, although both toxins caused bone marrow toxicity. In the combined treatment, OTA reduced the toxicity and the number of MN produced by AFB1. In the comet assay, after 3 h, positive results were obtained for AFB1 in the liver and for OTA in the kidney. The combined treatment reduced DNA damage in the liver and had no influence in the kidney. Altogether, these results may be indicative of an antagonistic relationship regarding the genotoxicity of both mycotoxins.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
authors.forename: Laura-Ana
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Corcuera
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
authors.forename: Ariane
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vettorazzi
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
authors.forename: Leire
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Arbillaga
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
authors.forename: Noemí
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Pérez
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
authors.forename: Ana Gloria
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Gil
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
authors.forename: Amaya
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Azqueta
authors.affiliation: Department of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, 31008, Pamplona, Spain.
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: González-Peñas
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Zaragoza, C/Miguel Servet 177, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain.
authors.forename: Jose Antonio
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: García-Jalón
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain. Electronic address: acerain@unav.es.
authors.forename: Adela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: López de Cerain
mesh_terms: D016604:Aflatoxin B1 / Q000097:blood / Q000633:toxicity*; D000818:Animals; D020552:Comet Assay; D004249:DNA Damage / Q000187:drug effects*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D022781:Hepatocytes / Q000187:drug effects; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008099:Liver / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D015162:Micronucleus Tests; D009793:Ochratoxins / Q000097:blood / Q000633:toxicity*; D051381:Rats; D011916:Rats, Inbred F344
chemical_list: D009793:Ochratoxins; C025589:ochratoxin A; D016604:Aflatoxin B1
keywords: Aflatoxin B1; Combined exposure; Comet assay; Micronucleus; Mycotoxins; Ochratoxin A