title: Epigenetic patterns in successful weight loss maintainers: a pilot study.
abstract: DNA methylation changes occur in animal models of calorie restriction, simulating human dieting, and in human subjects undergoing behavioral weight loss interventions. This suggests that obese (OB) individuals may possess unique epigenetic patterns that may vary with weight loss. Here, we examine whether methylation patterns in leukocytes differ in individuals who lost sufficient weight to go from OB to normal weight (NW; successful weight loss maintainers; SWLMs) vs currently OB or NW individuals. This study examined peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) methylation patterns in NW (n=16, current/lifetime BMI 18.5-24.9) and OB individuals (n=16, current body mass index (BMI)⩾30), and SWLM (n=16, current BMI 18.5-24.9, lifetime maximum BMI ⩾30, average weight loss 57.4 lbs) using an Illumina Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadArray. No leukocyte population-adjusted epigenome-wide analyses were significant; however, potentially differentially methylated loci across the groups were observed in ryanodine receptor-1 (RYR1; P=1.54E-6), myelin protein zero-like 3 (MPZL3; P=4.70E-6) and alpha 3c tubulin (TUBA3C; P=4.78E-6). In 32 obesity-related candidate genes, differential methylation patterns were found in brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF; gene-wide P=0.00018). In RYR1, TUBA3C and BDNF, SWLM differed from OB but not NW. In this preliminary investigation, leukocyte SWLM DNA methylation patterns more closely resembled NW than OB individuals in three gene regions. These results suggest that PBMC methylation is associated with weight status.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA.
authors.forename: Yen-Tsung
authors.initials: YT
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Tobacco Center of Regulatory Science, Department of Public Health Sciences, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA.
authors.forename: Jennifer Z J
authors.initials: JZJ
authors.lastname: Maccani
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA.|The Miriam Hospital Weight Control and Diabetes Research Center, Providence, Rhode Island, USA.|Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
authors.forename: Nicola L
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: Hawley
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA.|The Miriam Hospital Weight Control and Diabetes Research Center, Providence, Rhode Island, USA.
authors.forename: Rena R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Wing
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA.|Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA.
authors.forename: Karl T
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Kelsey
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA.|The Miriam Hospital Weight Control and Diabetes Research Center, Providence, Rhode Island, USA.
authors.forename: Jeanne M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: McCaffery
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015992:Body Mass Index; D019208:Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D031204:Caloric Restriction; D019175:DNA Methylation; D057890:Epigenomics; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009000:Monocytes / Q000378:metabolism*; D009765:Obesity / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000523:psychology; D010865:Pilot Projects; D015431:Weight Loss / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D019208:Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; C579455:BDNF protein, human