title: Comparison of individual-based modeling and population approaches for prediction of foodborne pathogens growth.
abstract: Individual-based modeling (IBM) approach combined with the microenvironment modeling of vacuum-packed cold-smoked salmon was more effective to describe the variability of the growth of a few Listeria monocytogenes cells contaminating irradiated salmon slices than the traditional population models. The IBM approach was particularly relevant to predict the absence of growth in 25% (5 among 20) of artificially contaminated cold-smoked salmon samples stored at 8 °C. These results confirmed similar observations obtained with smear soft cheese (Ferrier et al., 2013). These two different food models were used to compare the IBM/microscale and population/macroscale modeling approaches in more global exposure and risk assessment frameworks taking into account the variability and/or the uncertainty of the factors influencing the growth of L. monocytogenes. We observed that the traditional population models significantly overestimate exposure and risk estimates in comparison to IBM approach when contamination of foods occurs with a low number of cells (<100 per serving). Moreover, the exposure estimates obtained with the population model were characterized by a great uncertainty. The overestimation was mainly linked to the ability of IBM to predict no growth situations rather than the consideration of microscale environment. On the other hand, when the aim of quantitative risk assessment studies is only to assess the relative impact of changes in control measures affecting the growth of foodborne bacteria, the two modeling approach gave similar results and the simplest population approach was suitable.
authors.affiliation: Université Paris-Est, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Maisons-Alfort F-94704, France. Electronic address: jcaugustin@vet-alfort.fr.
authors.forename: Jean-Christophe
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Augustin
authors.affiliation: Université Paris-Est, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Maisons-Alfort F-94704, France; Aérial, Institut technique agro-industriel, Parc d'Innovation, 250 rue Laurent Fries, Illkirch F-67412, France.
authors.forename: Rachel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ferrier
authors.affiliation: Aérial, Institut technique agro-industriel, Parc d'Innovation, 250 rue Laurent Fries, Illkirch F-67412, France.
authors.forename: Bernard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hezard
authors.affiliation: Aérial, Institut technique agro-industriel, Parc d'Innovation, 250 rue Laurent Fries, Illkirch F-67412, France.
authors.forename: Adrienne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lintz
authors.affiliation: Aérial, Institut technique agro-industriel, Parc d'Innovation, 250 rue Laurent Fries, Illkirch F-67412, France.
authors.forename: Valérie
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Stahl
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002611:Cheese / Q000382:microbiology*; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis; D008089:Listeria monocytogenes / Q000254:growth & development*; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D012474:Salmon / Q000382:microbiology*; D017747:Seafood / Q000382:microbiology*
keywords: Cold-smoked salmon; Individual-based modeling; Listeria monocytogenes; Quantitative risk assessment