title: Diagnosis and Treatment of Pseudo-Class III Malocclusion.
abstract: Pseudo-Class III malocclusion is characterized by the presence of an anterior crossbite due to a forward functional displacement of the mandible; in most cases, the maxillary incisors present some degree of retroclination, and the mandibular incisors are proclined. Various types of appliances have been described in the literature for the early treatment of pseudo-Class III malocclusion. The objectives of this paper are to demonstrate the importance of making the differential diagnosis between a skeletal and a pseudo-Class III malocclusion and to describe the correction of an anterior crossbite. The association of maxillary expansion and a 2 × 4 appliance can successfully be used to correct anterior crossbites.
authors.affiliation: School of Health and Biosciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ariel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Reyes
authors.affiliation: Universidad Intercontinental, México, Mexico ; Private Practice in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic.
authors.forename: Luis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Serret
authors.affiliation: Private Practice in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic ; Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marcos
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Peguero
authors.affiliation: Graduate Program in Orthodontics, School of Health and Biosciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Rua Imaculada Conceição 1155, Bairro Prado Velho, 80215-901 Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
authors.forename: Orlando
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Tanaka