title: Characterization of aluminum resistant Anoxybacillus sp. SK 3-4 isolated from a hot spring.
abstract: The Anoxybacillus sp. SK 3-4, previously isolated from a hot spring, was screened for its heavy metals resistance (Al(3+), Mn(2+), Cu(2+), Co(2+), Zn(2+), and Ni(2+)) and the strain was found to be most resistant to aluminum. Significant growth of the strain was observed when it was grown in medium containing aluminum (200 mg L(-1)-800 mg L(-1)) with relative growth rates ranging between 77% and 100%. A gene encoding the aluminum resistance protein (accession number: WP_021095658.1) was found in genome of strain SK 3-4, which revealed high sequence identity (>95%) to its homologues from Anoxybacillus species. Sequence comparisons with two functionally characterized aluminum resistance proteins, namely G2alt and ALU1-P, showed 97% and 81% of sequence identity, respectively. Four putative metal binding sites were detected in SK 3-4 aluminum resistance protein and G2alt at same amino acid residue positions of 186, 195, 198, and 201. Strain SK 3-4 was found to be able to remove aluminum from aqueous solution. This study demonstrated that Anoxybacillus sp. SK 3-4 could be applied in the treatment of aluminum contaminated wastewater.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Biosciences and Medical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Jia Chun
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.forename: Kian Mau
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Goh
authors.forename: Mohd Shahir
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Shamsir
authors.forename: Zaharah
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Ibrahim
authors.forename: Chun Shiong
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Chong
mesh_terms: D000535:Aluminum / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D058677:Anoxybacillus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D001665:Binding Sites; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D005798:Genes, Bacterial; D045482:Hot Springs / Q000382:microbiology*; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010802:Phylogeny; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics; D062065:Wastewater / Q000382:microbiology*
chemical_list: D000535:Aluminum; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D019216:Metals, Heavy; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; D062065:Wastewater
keywords: Aluminum resistance gene; Aluminum resistant; Anoxybacillus sp. SK 3-4