title: MdMYB9 and MdMYB11 are involved in the regulation of the JA-induced biosynthesis of anthocyanin and proanthocyanidin in apples.
abstract: Anthocyanin and proanthocyanidin (PA) are important secondary metabolites and beneficial to human health. Their biosynthesis is induced by jasmonate (JA) treatment and regulated by MYB transcription factors (TFs). However, which and how MYB TFs regulate this process is largely unknown in apple. In this study, MdMYB9 and MdMYB11 which were induced by methyl jasmonate (MeJA) were functionally characterized. Overexpression of MdMYB9 or MdMYB11 promoted not only anthocyanin but also PA accumulation in apple calluses, and the accumulation was further enhanced by MeJA. Subsequently, yeast two-hybrid, pull-down and bimolecular fluorescence complementation assays showed that both MYB proteins interact with MdbHLH3. Moreover, Jasmonate ZIM-domain (MdJAZ) proteins interact with MdbHLH3. Furthermore, chromatin immunoprecipitation-quantitative PCR and yeast one-hybrid assays demonstrated that both MdMYB9 and MdMYB11 bind to the promoters of ANS, ANR and LAR, whereas MdbHLH3 is recruited to the promoters of MdMYB9 and MdMYB11 and regulates their transcription. In addition, transient expression assays indicated that overexpression of MdJAZ2 inhibits the recruitment of MdbHLH3 to the promoters of MdMYB9 and MdMYB11. Our findings provide new insight into the mechanism of how MeJA regulates anthocyanin and PA accumulation in apple.
authors.affiliation: National Key laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong 271018, China National Research Center for Apple Engineering and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong 271018, China College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong 271018, China Research Institute of Pomology, CAAS, Xingcheng 125100, China These authors contributed equally to this work.
authors.forename: Xiu-Hong
authors.initials: XH
authors.lastname: An
authors.affiliation: National Key laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong 271018, China National Research Center for Apple Engineering and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong 271018, China College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong 271018, China Research Institute of Pomology, CAAS, Xingcheng 125100, China These authors contributed equally to this work.
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.affiliation: National Key laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong 271018, China National Research Center for Apple Engineering and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong 271018, China College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong 271018, China.
authors.forename: Ke-Qin
authors.initials: KQ
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: National Key laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong 271018, China National Research Center for Apple Engineering and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong 271018, China College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong 271018, China.
authors.forename: Xiao-Juan
authors.initials: XJ
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: National Key laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong 271018, China National Research Center for Apple Engineering and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong 271018, China College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong 271018, China.
authors.forename: Dan-Dan
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: National Key laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong 271018, China National Research Center for Apple Engineering and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong 271018, China College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong 271018, China.
authors.forename: Xing-Bin
authors.initials: XB
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.affiliation: Research Institute of Pomology, CAAS, Xingcheng 125100, China.
authors.forename: Cun-Gang
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: Research Institute of Pomology, CAAS, Xingcheng 125100, China.
authors.forename: Pei-Hua
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Cong
authors.affiliation: National Key laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong 271018, China National Research Center for Apple Engineering and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong 271018, China College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong 271018, China haoyujin@sdau.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Yu-Jin
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Hao
mesh_terms: D000085:Acetates / Q000494:pharmacology; D000872:Anthocyanins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D053898:Biosynthetic Pathways / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D003517:Cyclopentanes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000378:metabolism; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant / Q000187:drug effects; D017343:Genes, Plant; D027845:Malus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008954:Models, Biological; D054883:Oxylipins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified; D044945:Proanthocyanidins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D011485:Protein Binding / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000085:Acetates; D000872:Anthocyanins; D003517:Cyclopentanes; D005419:Flavonoids; D054883:Oxylipins; D010940:Plant Proteins; D044945:Proanthocyanidins; C013221:proanthocyanidin; C011006:jasmonic acid; C072239:methyl jasmonate
keywords: Anthocyanin; Apple; JAZ; Jasmonate; MYB transcription factors; Proanthocyanidin