title: Analysis of six elements (Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, Cu, and Mn) in several wild vegetables and evaluation of their intakes based on Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2010-2011.
abstract: Wild vegetables, those edible among naturally grown vegetables, have been reported to contain many bioactive substances, dietary fibers, vitamins, and minerals. The purpose of this study is to examine the six elements of the wild vegetables frequently consumed by Koreans and assess the element intakes through them. Contents of six kinds of elements (Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, Cu, and Mn) in 11 wild vegetables were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy. Using these analysis data, the 6-element intakes from the wild vegetables were evaluated in healthy Korean adults aged 19-64 years from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2010-2011). Sedum and shepherd's purse contained over 100 mg of Ca in 100 g of their edible portion. The Mg content per 100 g of the 11 wild vegetables ranged from 12.1 mg to 43.4 mg. The wild vegetable with the highest mineral content per 100 g was sedum for Ca, spinach for Mg, shepherd's purse for Fe, spinach for Zn, bracken for Cu, and fragrant edible wild aster for Mn. The element intakes from the 11 wild vegetables compared with dietary reference intakes in the healthy Koreans were 1.0 % for Ca, 2.1 % for Mg, 5.3 % for Fe, 1.4 % for Zn, 0.3 % for Cu, and 1.8 % for Mn. Considering the low intake ratio (1.2 %) of the wild vegetable to total food intake, wild vegetables may contribute to some element intakes. Our results show the nutritional value of the wild vegetables in the aspect of mineral nutrition; however, further research is needed to evaluate the bioavailability of various elements in wild vegetables.
authors.affiliation: Division of Food Science and Culinary Arts, Shinhan University, Dongducheon, 483-777, South Korea.
authors.forename: Yun-Jung
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Bae
authors.forename: Mi-Hyun
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Je-Hyuk
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Mi-Kyeong
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Choi
mesh_terms: D002118:Calcium / Q000032:analysis*; D003300:Copper / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D007501:Iron / Q000032:analysis*; D008274:Magnesium / Q000032:analysis*; D008345:Manganese / Q000032:analysis*; D009749:Nutrition Surveys; D056910:Republic of Korea; D014675:Vegetables / Q000737:chemistry*; D015032:Zinc / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D008345:Manganese; D003300:Copper; D007501:Iron; D008274:Magnesium; D015032:Zinc; D002118:Calcium