title: Relationship of impulsivity and depression during early methamphetamine withdrawal in Han Chinese population.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  High level of impulsivity as well as depression is thought to be involved in the maintenance and development of methamphetamine (METH) addiction. However, the relationship between impulsivity and depression has not been studied thoroughly in METH dependence subjects, especially in early METH abstinent subjects. In this study, our objective is to explore the interplay between the depressive symptoms and impulsivity in early METH abstinent subjects.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 182 early abstinent METH dependent subjects (abstinence for 1-7 days) were recruited and the level of impulsivity was measured by the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11). Depressive symptoms and anxiety symptoms were assessed by the short 13-item Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-13) and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Global impulsivity of BIS-11 was significantly correlated with depressive symptoms among early METH abstinent subjects (r=0.283, p=0.001). Moreover, all subscales of BIS-11 were also found to be correlated with depressive symptoms: correlation with attentional impulsivity (r=0.202, p=0.006); correlation with motor impulsivity (r=0.267, p=0.001); and correlation with non-planning impulsivity (r=0.177, p=0.017).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study showed a relationship between impulsivity and depression, which may further the comprehension of motivational elements contributing to the maintenance and development of METH use disorder. Future research would be dedicated to exploring underlying mechanisms of association between impulsivity and depression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, PR China; Department of Neurology, Taizhou Municipal Hospital, Taizhou 317700, PR China.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, PR China.
authors.forename: Hang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Su
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, PR China.
authors.forename: Jingyan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tao
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, PR China.
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, NJ 07103, USA.
authors.forename: Yeming
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, NJ 08901, USA.
authors.forename: Liren
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Peking University, Beijing 100096, PR China; Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA. Electronic address: xyzhang@bcm.edu.
authors.forename: Xiang Yang
authors.initials: XY
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychological Counseling, Ningbo Kangning Hospital, Ningbo, 315201, PR China. Electronic address: hzy86690592@163.com.
authors.forename: Zhenyu
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, PR China. Electronic address: hjc@wzmc.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Jincai
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: He
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D019969:Amphetamine-Related Disorders / Q000208:ethnology / Q000523:psychology*; D044466:Asian People / Q000208:ethnology; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants; D002681:China / Q000208:ethnology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003863:Depression / Q000208:ethnology / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007175:Impulsive Behavior; D008297:Male; D008694:Methamphetamine; D013375:Substance Withdrawal Syndrome / Q000208:ethnology / Q000523:psychology*
chemical_list: D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants; D008694:Methamphetamine
keywords: Chinese; Depression; Impulsivity; Methamphetamine dependence; Withdrawal