title: Dietary supplementation with Bacillus subtilis, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Aspergillus oryzae enhance immunity and disease resistance against Aeromonas hydrophila and Streptococcus iniae infection in juvenile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus.
abstract: A feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary administration of probiotic with Bacillus subtilis, Aspergillus oryzae and Saccharomyces cerevisiae on growth, innate immune response, Hemato-immunological parameters and disease resistance of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. Animals were distributed in three equal groups, each of five replicates and received one of the following experimental diets for four weeks: Control, non-supplemented diet; 5 g kg(-1) probiotic mixture (B. subtilis 1.5 × 10(9) CFU g(-1), S. cerevisiae 10(9) CFU g(-1) and A. oryzae 2 × 10(9) CFU g(-1)); and 10 g kg(-1) probiotic mixture (B. subtilis 3.0 × 10(9) CFU g(-1), S. cerevisiae 2.0 × 10(9) CFU g(-1) and A. oryzae 4.0 × 10(9) CFU g(-1)). The respiratory burst activity, white blood cells and hematological parameters were evaluated after four, five and six weeks of feeding. At the end of the growth trial, fish were sampled for intestinal microbiology and challenged by intraperitoneal injection of LD50 concentration of Aeromonas hydrophila and Streptococcus iniae. Mortality was recorded for the following 3 weeks. Results showed that administration of the probiotic had no significant effect on the growth rates of Nile tilapias, although the fish fed probiotics had better feed conversion. Respiratory burst activity, erythrocyte fragility and levels of white blood cells were significantly improved in tilapias fed diet supplemented with probiotic levels (P < 0.05), which may exhibit up-regulating effects on tilapia immune parameters. The cumulative mortality after A. hydrophila and S. iniae challenge decreased in tilapias fed with probiotic (P < 0.05). The present study demonstrated the potential of B. subtilis, S. cerevisiae and A. oryzae combined as beneficial dietary probiotic in juvenile O. niloticus.
authors.affiliation: Embrapa - Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, Fisheries and Aquaculture, 104 Sul, LO 1 Avenue, 34, Palmas, TO 77020-020, Brazil. Electronic address: marina.iwashita@embrapa.br.
authors.forename: Marina Keiko P
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Iwashita
authors.affiliation: Fisheries Institute, 455 Matarazzo Avenue, Parque da Água Branca, São Paulo, SP 05001-900, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ivan B
authors.initials: IB
authors.lastname: Nakandakare
authors.affiliation: Auburn University, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, 203 Swingle Hall, Auburn, AL 36830, USA.
authors.forename: Jeffery S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Terhune
authors.affiliation: Auburn University, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, 203 Swingle Hall, Auburn, AL 36830, USA.
authors.forename: Theresa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wood
authors.affiliation: Fisheries Institute, 455 Matarazzo Avenue, Parque da Água Branca, São Paulo, SP 05001-900, Brazil.
authors.forename: Maria José T
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Ranzani-Paiva
mesh_terms: D016980:Aeromonas hydrophila / Q000502:physiology; D000821:Animal Feed / Q000032:analysis; D000818:Animals; D001236:Aspergillus oryzae / Q000737:chemistry; D001412:Bacillus subtilis / Q000737:chemistry; D023681:Cichlids; D004032:Diet / Q000662:veterinary; D060467:Disease Resistance / Q000187:drug effects*; D005393:Fish Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology; D016905:Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D007113:Immunity, Innate / Q000187:drug effects*; D008297:Male; D019936:Probiotics / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011897:Random Allocation; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000737:chemistry; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D013291:Streptococcus / Q000502:physiology
keywords: Bacterial challenge; Hemato-immunity; Innate immunity; Survival