title: Insecticidal, fumigant, and repellent activities of sweet wormwood oil and its individual components against red imported fire ant workers (Hymenoptera: Formicidae).
abstract: In total, 29 compounds from sweet wormwood (Artemisia annua L.) oil were identified using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The five active components were D-camphor, linalool, cineole, α-terpineol, and L(-)-borneol. The effectiveness of A. annua oil, as well as d-camphor, linalool, cineole, α-terpineol, and L(-)-borneol, as fumigants, contact insecticides, and repellents, were tested on the red imported fire ant Solenopsis invicta Buren. The results indicated that A. annua oil has no significant topical toxicity; however, the spray contact test revealed that it has strong insecticidal activity and the inhibitory effect is stronger during closed exposure than during open exposure. In the fumigant test, cineole and D-camphor exhibited strong fumigant toxicity on minor and major S. invicta workers. They also caused 100% mortality at 5, 3, 2, and 1 mg/centrifuge tube but not at 0.5 mg/centrifuge tube. The mortality rates of linalool, α-terpineol, and L(-)-borneol exceeded 80% at 5, 3, and 2 mg/centrifuge tube. In the repellent test, cineole and d-camphor showed significant repellency at 100, 10, and 1 mg/kg. However, linalool, α-terpineol, and L(-)-borneol significantly facilitated digging at 10 and 1 mg/kg.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China National Research Center of Navel Orange Engineering and Technology, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China.
authors.forename: Ning
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
authors.forename: Liang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China National Research Center of Navel Orange Engineering and Technology, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
authors.forename: Kun
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
authors.forename: You
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
authors.forename: Congling
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: National Research Center of Navel Orange Engineering and Technology, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China.
authors.forename: Jiong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chun
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangzhou 510642, China zdsys@scau.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Zhixiang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001000:Ants / Q000187:drug effects*; D031172:Artemisia annua / Q000737:chemistry*; D002164:Camphor / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003511:Cyclohexanols / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D007302:Insect Repellents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007306:Insecticides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D039821:Monoterpenes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009822:Oils, Volatile / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D003511:Cyclohexanols; D007302:Insect Repellents; D007306:Insecticides; D039821:Monoterpenes; D009822:Oils, Volatile; D002164:Camphor
keywords: contact; fumigation; repellency; sweet wormwood oil