title: Risk factors for pericardial effusion in patients with stage I esophageal cancer treated with chemoradiotherapy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We investigated clinical and dosimetric factors influencing the risk of developing pericardial effusion (PCE) in patients with Stage I esophageal cancer undergoing definitive chemoradiotherapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty-nine patients with Stage I esophageal cancer who underwent definitive chemoradiotherapy were retrospectively analyzed. Treatment comprised of three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (60 Gy in 30 fractions) with concurrent chemotherapy. Clinical and dosimetric factors associated with PCE development were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median follow-up was 37 months (range=8-111 months); the crude PCE incidence rate was 52.2%. Grade 2 and 3 incidence rate was 47.8% and 4.3%, respectively. The median time to PCE onset was 5.7 months after radiotherapy. In multivariate analysis, pericardial V30 ≥ 41.6%, age ≥ 66 years, body mass index (BMI) ≥ 19 and diabetes mellitus (DM) were significant predictors of developing PCE.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study suggests that higher pericardial V30, advanced age, high BMI and DM are risk factors for developing PCE.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan tamari@radonc.med.osaka-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Keisuke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tamari
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Fumiaki
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Isohashi
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuichi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Akino
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Osamu
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Seo
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Yasuo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yoshioka
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshito
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hayashi
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Tsutomu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nishida
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Tetsuo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takehara
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Masaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mori
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuichiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Doki
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuhiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ogawa
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D059248:Chemoradiotherapy; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D048909:Diabetes Complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010490:Pericardial Effusion / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D011832:Radiation Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D020266:Radiotherapy, Conformal / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents
keywords: Pericardial effusion; chemoradiotherapy; dose-volume histogram; esophageal cancer