title: An organic surface modifier to produce a high work function transparent electrode for high performance polymer solar cells.
abstract: Modification of an ITO electrode with small-molecule organic surface modifier, 4-chloro-benzoic acid (CBA), via a simple spin-coating method produces a high-work-function electrode with high transparency and a hydrophobic surface. As an alternative to PEDOT:PSS, CBA modification achieves efficiency enhancement up to 8.5%, which is attributed to enhanced light absorption within the active layer and smooth hole transport from the active layer to the anode.
authors.affiliation: Center for Polymers and Organic Solids, University of California Santa Barbara (UCSB), Santa Barbara, California, 93106, USA; School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 689-798, South Korea.
authors.forename: Hyosung
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Hak-Beom
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Seo-Jin
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Ko
authors.forename: Jin Young
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Alan J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Heeger
keywords: high work function; hole transport layers; organic surface modifiers; polymer solar cells