title: Treating Acute Insomnia: A Randomized Controlled Trial of a "Single-Shot" of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Despite considerable evidence supporting cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) for chronic insomnia, it remains untested within the context of acute insomnia. This study examined the efficacy of a single session of CBT-I, with an accompanying self-help pamphlet, for individuals with acute insomnia.
  
  
  METHODS
  A pragmatic parallel group randomized controlled trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Community.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty adults (mean age 32.9 ± 13.72 y) with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) defined insomnia disorder, except a self-reported duration of less than 3 mo (i.e., acute insomnia), who reported no previous exposure to CBT-I and were not currently taking medication for sleep.
  
  
  METHODS
  A single 60- to 70-min session of CBT-I (n = 20), with an accompanying self-help pamphlet, or wait list control group (n = 20). All subjects were offered a full individual course of CBT-I on completion of the study, regardless of group allocation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Subjects completed sleep diaries and the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) pretreatment and 1 mo following treatment. There were no between-group differences on baseline ISI scores or subjective sleep continuity. The intervention group reported significantly lower ISI scores than controls (t(38) 2.24, P < 0.05) at follow-up. Further, using proposed ISI scores for identifying insomnia caseness (i.e., ≥ 10), 60% of those in the CBT-I group had remitted by 1 mo compared to 15% of those in the control group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This single session of cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) is sufficiently efficacious for a significant proportion of those with acute insomnia. The results are discussed in terms of integrating this brief form of CBT-I into the "stepped care" model of insomnia.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Testing the efficacy of an early intervention for acute insomnia (SRCTN05891695) http://www.controlled-trials.com/ISRCTN05891695.
authors.affiliation: Northumbria Centre for Sleep Research, Northumbria University, Newcastle, UK.|Newcastle Fatigue Research Centre, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK.
authors.forename: Jason G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Ellis
authors.affiliation: Northumbria Centre for Sleep Research, Northumbria University, Newcastle, UK.
authors.forename: Toby
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Cushing
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA.
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Germain
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease / Q000628:therapy; D000328:Adult; D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010174:Pamphlets; D010353:Patient Education as Topic; D057566:Self Report; D012890:Sleep; D007319:Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy*; D014850:Waiting Lists
keywords: CBT-I; acute insomnia; brief intervention; short-term insomnia; stepped care; treatment