title: Morphometric analysis of the infraorbital foramen and its localization relative to surgical landmarks.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The infraorbital foramen (IOF) is an important anatomic landmark for maxillofacial surgery; therefore, its location should be well documented. In morphometric analyses of the IOF, various methods have been applied and differences have been found among the results of the measurements. The aim of this study was to facilitate localization of the IOF during clinical practice.
  
  
  METHODS
  In the current study, in order to perform anatomic and morphometric analyses of the IOF, 112 skulls were used. The shortest distance from each IOF to certain determined points was identified and measured by digital calipers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The longest and the shortest diameters of the IOF were measured as 4.21±0.91 mm and 3.11±0.62 mm, respectively. The shortest distances between the IOF and the landmarks were measured as follows: the maxillary mid-line (ML) as 28.47±2.49 mm; the supraorbital foramen/supraorbital notch (SOF/SON) as 43.43±3.39 mm; the lower end of the nasomaxillary suture (LENS) as 26.47±3.05 mm; the lower end of the alveolar juga of the canines (LAJC) as 31.62±3.09 mm; the infra-orbital margin (IOM) as 6.98±1.72 mm; and the opposite IOF as 56.85±3.89 mm.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Among the landmarks, the most useful ones in clinical practice might be the distances between the IOF and the IOM, IOF and LAJC, and even IOF and ML. SOF/SON and LENS provide more accurate localization when they are used together with the other parameters. Moreover, their importance increases when other parameters are not available for use (because of fractures or damage).
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Meram, Faculty of Medicine, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey - dr_murat3@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tezer
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Öztürk
authors.forename: Ö
authors.initials: Ö
authors.lastname: Gayretli
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kale
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Balcioğlu
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Şahinoğlu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D059925:Anatomic Landmarks; D002102:Cadaver; D006801:Humans; D008437:Maxilla / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D009915:Orbit / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D013515:Surgery, Oral