title: Vif determines the requirement for CBF-β in APOBEC3 degradation.
abstract: APOBEC3 (apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme catalytic polypeptide-like 3) proteins are cellular DNA deaminases that restrict a broad spectrum of lentiviruses. This process is counteracted by Vif (viral infectivity factor) of lentiviruses, which binds APOBEC3s and promotes their degradation. CBF-β (core binding factor subunit β) is an essential co-factor for the function of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Vif to degrade human APOBEC3s. However, the requirement for CBF-β in Vif-mediated degradation of other mammalian APOBEC3 proteins is less clear. Here, we determined the sequence of feline CBFB and performed phylogenetic analyses. These analyses revealed that mammalian CBFB is under purifying selection. Moreover, we demonstrated that CBF-β is dispensable for feline immunodeficiency virus Vif-mediated degradation of APOBEC3s of its host. These findings suggested that primate lentiviruses have adapted to use CBF-β, an evolutionary stable protein, to counteract APOBEC3 proteins of their hosts after diverging from other lentiviruses.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Viral Pathogenesis, Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto 6068507, Japan.
authors.forename: Rokusuke
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yoshikawa
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Viral Pathogenesis, Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto 6068507, Japan.
authors.forename: Junko S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Takeuchi
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Viral Pathogenesis, Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto 6068507, Japan.
authors.forename: Eri
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Virology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 8608556, Japan.|Laboratory of Viral Pathogenesis, Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto 6068507, Japan.
authors.forename: Yusuke
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nakano
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioinformatics, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 1138510, Japan.
authors.forename: Fengrong
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioinformatics, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 1138510, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.affiliation: Clinic for Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Infectiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany.
authors.forename: Carsten
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Münk
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Institute for Molecular Virology, Masonic Cancer Center and Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
authors.forename: Reuben S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Harris
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Virolution, Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto 6068507, Japan.|Laboratory of Signal Transduction, Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto 6068507, Japan.
authors.forename: Takayuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Miyazawa
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Viral Pathogenesis, Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto 6068507, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshio
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Koyanagi
authors.affiliation: CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama 3220012, Japan.|Laboratory of Viral Pathogenesis, Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto 6068507, Japan.
authors.forename: Kei
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sato
mesh_terms: D000071478:APOBEC Deaminases; D000818:Animals; D002415:Cats; D002460:Cell Line; D050658:Core Binding Factor beta Subunit / Q000378:metabolism*; D003564:Cytidine Deaminase / Q000378:metabolism*; D043525:Cytosine Deaminase / Q000378:metabolism; D057809:HEK293 Cells; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions; D006801:Humans; D010802:Phylogeny; D054320:vif Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D050658:Core Binding Factor beta Subunit; D054320:vif Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus; D043525:Cytosine Deaminase; D000071478:APOBEC Deaminases; C502889:APOBEC3 proteins, human; D003564:Cytidine Deaminase