title: Exercise in a hot environment influences plasma anti-inflammatory and antioxidant status in well-trained athletes.
abstract: Exercise in thermally stressful environmental conditions can enhance oxidative stress. We sought to measure the plasma antioxidant defenses and cytokine response together with oxidative damage post-exercise in a temperate versus a hot environment. The plasma concentrations of vasoactive endothelin-1 and vascular angiogenic growth factor were also evaluated. Male athletes (n=9) volunteered to participate. The athletes randomly performed two bouts of treadmill exercise of 45min at 75-80% of maximal oxygen uptake in a climatic-controlled chamber under two different conditions: temperate environment (10-12°C, 40-55% humidity) and hot, humid environment (30-32°C, 75-78% humidity). Venous blood samples were obtained immediately pre- and post-bout and on recovery after 2h. Serum glucose, malondialdehyde and lactate concentrations were significantly increased post-exercise in hot but maintained in the temperate environment; these post-exercise values were significantly higher after exercise in hot than in temperate. Urinary 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine concentration, plasma phosphocreatine kinase and catalase activities, creatinine and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, and interleukin-6 significantly increased post-exercise in hot but maintained in temperate environment. The post-exercise circulating values of antioxidant enzyme paraoxonase-1 and endothelin were significantly higher in the hot than in temperate environment. Exercise in a hot and humid environment resulted in mild hyperthermia with elevated perceived exertion and thermal stress. Hyperthermic environment induced hyperglycemia, lactatecidemia and more cellular and oxidative damage than exercise in a temperate environment but also induced a post-exercise antioxidant and anti-inflammatory response in plasma. These results suggest that environmental temperature needs to be taken into account when evaluating exercise-related oxidative stress and inflammation.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Physical Activity Science, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain and CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, CIBERobn, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Spain.
authors.forename: Antoni
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sureda
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Physical Activity Science, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain and CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, CIBERobn, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Spain.
authors.forename: Antonia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mestre-Alfaro
authors.affiliation: Sports Physiology Dept., High Performance Centre of San Cugat del Vallés, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Montserrat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Banquells
authors.affiliation: Sports Physiology Dept., High Performance Centre of San Cugat del Vallés, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Joan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Riera
authors.affiliation: Sports Physiology Dept., High Performance Centre of San Cugat del Vallés, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Franchek
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Drobnic
authors.affiliation: Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain.
authors.forename: Jordi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Camps
authors.affiliation: Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain.
authors.forename: Jorge
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Joven
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Physical Activity Science, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain and CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, CIBERobn, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Spain.
authors.forename: Josep A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Tur
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Physical Activity Science, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain and CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, CIBERobn, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Spain. Electronic address: antonipons@uib.es.
authors.forename: Antoni
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pons
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism*; D056352:Athletes; D001786:Blood Glucose; D001831:Body Temperature; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood; D016232:Endothelins / Q000097:blood; D015444:Exercise; D006358:Hot Temperature; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D013312:Stress, Physiological; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D001786:Blood Glucose; D016207:Cytokines; D016232:Endothelins; C467484:VEGFA protein, human; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D003404:Creatinine
keywords: Antioxidant enzymes; Catalase; Cytokines; Hyperthermia; Oxidative stress; Thermoregulation