title: Monocyte chemoatractant protein-1: a potential biomarker of renal lesion and its relation with oxidative status in sickle cell disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study was to evaluate the monocyte chemoatractant protein-1 (MCP-1) as a novel biomarker of renal lesion in sickle cell disease (SCD) and correlate it with oxidative stress.
  
  
  METHODS
  This is a prospective study with SCD patients followed at a tertiary center in Brazil. Urine samples were collected to dosage of protein, MCP-1, malondialdehyde (MDA) and urinary creatinine. Patients taking hydroxyurea (SSHU) were compared to those not taking the drug (SS). Patients' data were also compared to a control group of 15 healthy blood donors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  MCP-1 dosage was increased in SCD patients (Control: 42.12±27.6; SSHU: 168.2±90.1 and SS: 231.4±123.7 p<0.0001). SS patients presented higher levels of MCP-1 in comparison to SSHU group (SSHU: 168.2±90.10 and SS: 231.4±123.7; p=0.023). The same results were observed for MDA (Control: 2:29±1:13; SSHU: 5.60±2.39 and SS: 7.23±2.64, p<0.0001) and NO (control: 2.25±1.9; SSHU: 56.54±9.1 and SS: 39.1±9.02, p<0.0001). A positive correlation was obtained between MCP-1 and MDA (r=0.34, p=0.01); albuminuria (r=0.5, p=0.03); NO (r=0.39, p=0.005).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The outcomes of the study suggest that MCP-1 is a predictive biomarker of renal lesion that can also reflect damage caused by oxidative stress present in SCD.
authors.affiliation: Post-Graduation Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil. Electronic address: talytaellen08@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Talyta Ellen de Jesus
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: dos Santos
authors.affiliation: Post-Graduation Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil.
authors.forename: Romélia Pinheiro
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Gonçalves
authors.affiliation: Post-Graduation Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil.
authors.forename: Maritza Cavalcante
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Barbosa
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, Master in Collective Health, Health Sciences Center, University of Fortaleza, Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil. Electronic address: geraldobezerrajr@yahoo.com.br.
authors.forename: Geraldo Bezerra
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: da Silva
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil.
authors.forename: Elizabeth De Francesco
authors.initials: Ede F
authors.lastname: Daher
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000419:Albuminuria / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism; D000755:Anemia, Sickle Cell / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000652:urine*; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D018932:Chemokine CCL2 / Q000652:urine*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000652:urine; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D011446:Prospective Studies; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: C111835:CCL2 protein, human; D018932:Chemokine CCL2
keywords: Biomarker; Kidney diseases; Monocyte chemoatractant protein; Sickle cell disease