title: Assessment of anti-diabetic activity of an ethnopharmacological plant Nerium oleander through alloxan induced diabetes in mice.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Nerium oleander L. (syn. Nerium indicum Mill. and Nerium odorum Aiton.) is used for its anti-diabetic properties in Pakistan, Algeria, Morocco and is also recognized in Ayurveda. The present study was undertaken to investigate the anti-diabetic capacity of a standardized hydromethanolic extract of Nerium oleander in alloxan induced diabetes in mice.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nerium oleander leaf extract (NOLE) was orally administered at 50 and 200mg/kg body weight (BW) dose to alloxanized mice (blood glucose >200mg/dl). After 20 consecutive days of treatment, various diabetic parameters were studied and compared with untreated mice. Furthermore, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis was employed to reveal the phytochemical composition of the plant extract.
  
  
  RESULTS
  NOLE demonstrated antihyperglycaemic activity by reducing 73.79% blood glucose level after 20 days of treatment. Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) revealed increase in glucose tolerance as evident by 65.72% decrease in blood glucose in 3h post treatment. Percentage decrease in different liver marker enzymes were significant along with decrease in triglyceride and cholesterol levels, displaying potent antihyperlipidemic activity. Peroxidase and catalase activity in liver, kidney and skeletal muscle were significantly restored besides marked reduction in lipid peroxidation and normalization of hepatic glycogen level in the NOLE treated alloxanized mice. Different bioactive phytocompounds with potent anti-diabetic activity were identified by GC-MS and HPLC analysis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present investigation revealed that Nerium oleander possess potent anti-diabetic activity as claimed in different ethnopharmacological practices.
authors.affiliation: Cellular Immunology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of North Bengal, Siliguri-734013, West Bengal, India. Electronic address: priyankardey28@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Priyankar
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Dey
authors.affiliation: Molecular Cytogenetics Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of North Bengal, Siliguri-734013, West Bengal, India. Electronic address: manas.bot@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Manas Ranjan
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Saha
authors.affiliation: Chemical Signal and Lipidomics Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, Kolkata 700019, India. Electronic address: sumedha.roy.c@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Sumedha Roy
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Chowdhuri
authors.affiliation: Molecular Cytogenetics Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of North Bengal, Siliguri-734013, West Bengal, India. Electronic address: senarnab_nbu@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Arnab
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sen
authors.affiliation: Chemical Signal and Lipidomics Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, Kolkata 700019, India. Electronic address: mpsarkar1@rediffmail.com.
authors.forename: Mousumi Poddar
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Sarkar
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, North Bengal Medical College, West Bengal, India. Electronic address: drbhaldar@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Biswajit
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Haldar
authors.affiliation: Cellular Immunology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of North Bengal, Siliguri-734013, West Bengal, India. Electronic address: dr_tkc_nbu@rediffmail.com.
authors.forename: Tapas Kumar
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Chaudhuri
mesh_terms: D000462:Algeria; D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D006003:Glycogen / Q000378:metabolism; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use* / Q000633:toxicity; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008519:Medicine, Traditional; D051379:Mice; D009018:Morocco; D030007:Nerium; D010154:Pakistan; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use* / Q000633:toxicity; D018515:Plant Leaves; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances / Q000378:metabolism; D000516:alpha-Amylases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D002374:Catalase; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D006003:Glycogen; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin; D009195:Peroxidase; D010936:Plant Extracts; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances; D000516:alpha-Amylases
keywords: Anti-diabetic; Antioxidant; Gallic acid (PubChem CID: 370); Glycogen; Insulin; Malondialdehyde; Methyl stearate (PubChem CID: 8201); Nerium; Oleic acid (PubChem CID: 445639); Phytol (PubChem CID: 5280435); Rutin (PubChem CID: 5280805); Squalene (PubChem CID: 638072); Vitamin E (PubChem CID: 2116); cis-Vaccenic acid (PubChem CID: 5282761); n-Hexadecanoic acid (PubChem CID: 985); vanillic acid (PubChem CID: 8468)