title: Protective effects of aqueous extract of Solanum nigrum Linn. leaves in rat models of oral mucositis.
abstract: Oral mucositis is one of the most debilitating side effects in patient undergoing chemotherapy or chemoradiotherapy. Leaves of the plant Solanum nigrum are used in folklore medicine to treat oral ulcers in India. However, no pharmacological investigation has been carried out till date. Aqueous extract of Solanum nigrum leaves (AESN) was prepared and subjected to various phytochemical screening. HPLC analysis of the ethyl acetate fraction was carried out. The aqueous extract (100 and 200 mg/kg) was further evaluated for its protective effect on two rat models: (a) busulfan plus infrared radiation (chemoradiotherapy) induced oral mucositis and (b) methotrexate (chemotherapy) induced oral mucositis. Various parameters including body weight change, food intake, and mortality were measured. AESN showed protective effect in both models of oral mucositis; however, the higher dose was more effective in chemotherapy induced oral mucositis. A reduction in oral mucositis score (P < 0.05) was observed in the treatment groups. Significant (P < 0.05) improvement in food intake was also observed in AESN treated groups. Aqueous extract of Solanum nigrum leaves has protective effect on chemotherapy and chemoradiotherapy induced oral mucositis in rats.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India.
authors.forename: Alkesh
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-7036-5011
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India.
authors.forename: Subhankar
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-4709-5839
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Biswas
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India.
authors.forename: Muhammed Haneefa
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-8111-1946
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Shoja
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India.
authors.forename: Grandhi Venkata
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-9347-375X
authors.initials: GV
authors.lastname: Ramalingayya
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India.
authors.forename: K
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-6653-4660
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nandakumar
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D002066:Busulfan; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005247:Feeding Behavior / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D008727:Methotrexate; D064209:Phytochemicals / Q000032:analysis; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use* / Q000633:toxicity; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry*; D020011:Protective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use* / Q000633:toxicity; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D032324:Solanum nigrum / Q000737:chemistry*; D013280:Stomatitis / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D016019:Survival Analysis; D023382:Toxicity Tests, Acute; D014867:Water
chemical_list: D064209:Phytochemicals; D010936:Plant Extracts; D020011:Protective Agents; D014867:Water; D002066:Busulfan; D008727:Methotrexate