title: Comparison of nerve growth factor-induced sensitization pattern in lumbar and tibial muscle and fascia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Nerve growth factor (NGF) induces profound hyperalgesia. In this study we explored patterns of NGF sensitization in muscle and fascia of distal and paraspinal sites.
  
  
  METHODS
  We injected 1 µg of NGF into human (n = 8) tibialis anterior and erector spinae muscles and their fasciae. The spatial extent of pressure sensitization, pressure pain threshold, and mechanical hyperalgesia (150 kPa, 10 s) was assessed at days 0.25, 1, 3, 7, 14, and 21. Chemical sensitization was explored by acidic buffer injections (pH 4, 100 µl) at days 7 and 14.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mechanical hyperalgesia area was larger in tibial fascia than in muscle. Pressure pain thresholds were lower, tonic pressure pain ratings, and citrate buffer evoked pain higher in fascia than in muscle.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Spatial mechanical sensitization differs between muscle and fascia. Thoracolumbar fasciae appear more sensitive than tibial fasciae and may be major contributors to low back pain, but the temporal sensitization profile is similar between paraspinal and distal sites. Muscle Nerve 52: 265-272, 2015.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany.|Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany.
authors.forename: Benjamin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Weinkauf
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany.
authors.forename: Saskia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Deising
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany.
authors.forename: Otilia
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Obreja
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurophysiology, Centre for Biomedicine and Medical Technology Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.
authors.forename: Ulrich
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Hoheisel
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurophysiology, Centre for Biomedicine and Medical Technology Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.
authors.forename: Siegfried
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mense
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schmelz
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany.
authors.forename: Roman
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rukwied
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D064131:Back Muscles / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D006930:Hyperalgesia / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007279:Injections, Subcutaneous; D017116:Low Back Pain / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000503:physiopathology; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae; D008297:Male; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D020932:Nerve Growth Factor / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000187:drug effects / Q000379:methods; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D020932:Nerve Growth Factor
keywords: TrkA; hyperalgesia; low back pain; low pH; neurotrophin