title: Dentoskeletal changes following mini-implant molar intrusion in anterior open bite patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate skeletal and dental changes after intrusion of the maxillary molars in subjects with anterior open bite.
  
  
  METHODS
  This retrospective cephalometric study evaluated skeletal and dental changes resulting from the use of maxillary orthodontic mini-implants in 31 consecutively treated patients. Radiographs were taken at the start and end of maxillary molar intrusion to evaluate the associated changes. Statistical analysis was performed using a one-sample t-test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean treatment observation time was 1.31 years (SD  =  2.03). The maxillary first molars (P  =  0.0026) and second molars (P  =  0.039) were intruded. However, the mandibular first molars (P  =  0.0004) and second molars (P  =  0.003) erupted in adolescent patients. Both the maxillary and mandibular first molars inclined distally (P  =  0.025 and P  =  0.044, respectively). The mandibular plane angle decreased (P  =  0.036), lower facial height decreased (P  =  0.002), and the occlusal plane angle increased (P  =  0.009). The overbite increased (P < .0001). The ANB angle decreased (P < .0001). Mandibular dental and skeletal changes were more apparent in adolescents, while adults tended toward maxillary changes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Vertical traction from orthodontic mini-implants reduces the maxillary posterior dentoalveolar height, thereby assisting orthodontic closure of anterior open bite. However, simultaneous eruption or extrusion of the mandibular molars should be controlled. Adolescent patients tend to demonstrate more favorable effects of mandibular autorotation than do adults.
authors.affiliation: a   Resident, Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, University of Rochester Eastman Institute for Oral Health, Rochester, NY.
authors.forename: Tyler R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Hart
authors.affiliation: b   Consultant Orthodontist, Peterborough and Stamford Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridgeshire, UK.
authors.forename: Richard R J
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Cousley
authors.affiliation: c   Clinical Professor, Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, University of Rochester Eastman Institute for Oral Health, Rochester, NY.
authors.forename: Leonard S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Fishman
authors.affiliation: d   Orofacial Pain Program Director, Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, University of Rochester Eastman Institute for Oral Health, Rochester, NY.
authors.forename: Ross H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Tallents
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002508:Cephalometry; D002648:Child; D015921:Dental Implants; D005147:Facial Bones / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008963:Molar; D024343:Open Bite / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy*; D011859:Radiography; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015921:Dental Implants
keywords: Anterior open bite; Mini-implant; Molar intrusion