title: Acute myocardial infarction with no obstructive coronary atherosclerosis: mechanisms and management.
abstract: Myocardial infarction (MI) with no obstructive coronary atherosclerosis (MINOCA) is a syndrome with different causes. Its prevalence ranges between 5 and 25% of all MIs. The prognosis is extremely variable, depending on the causes of MINOCA. Clinical history, echocardiography, coronary angiography, and left ventriculography represent the first-level diagnostic investigations. Nevertheless, additional tests are required in order to establish its specific cause, thus allowing an appropriate risk stratification and treatment. We review pathogenesis, diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy of MINOCA and propose an algorithm for its management.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cardiology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Largo Agostino Gemelli, 8, Rome 00168, Italy gniccoli73@hotmail.it.
authors.forename: Giampaolo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Niccoli
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cardiology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Largo Agostino Gemelli, 8, Rome 00168, Italy Department of Cardiology, Thorax Institute, IDIBAPS: Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques Agust Pi i Sunyer, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Giancarla
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Scalone
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cardiology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Largo Agostino Gemelli, 8, Rome 00168, Italy.
authors.forename: Filippo
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Crea
mesh_terms: D003329:Coronary Vasospasm / Q000150:complications; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D003935:Diagnostic Techniques, Cardiovascular; D004617:Embolism / Q000150:complications; D006801:Humans; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy; D009205:Myocarditis / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis; D058226:Plaque, Atherosclerotic / Q000150:complications; D011379:Prognosis; D012307:Risk Factors; D012422:Rupture, Spontaneous / Q000150:complications; D054549:Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy / Q000150:complications; D066253:Vascular Remodeling / Q000502:physiology
keywords: Acute myocardial infarction; No obstructive coronary atherosclerosis