title: Therapeutic apheresis for patients with cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Disease complications associated with certain malignancies may be mediated by cells or soluble molecules that traffic in the bloodstream. Because of this, therapeutic apheresis (TA) methodologies have been used to selectively remove or manipulate specific molecules, antibodies, or cellular elements to treat the underlying pathological process. For some disorders, TA is utilized as a rapid-acting and short-term adjunct to conventional chemotherapy or immunotherapy. For others, a series of scheduled treatments is recommended for optimal management. In all cases, the risks, benefits, and costs must be strongly considered.
  
  
  METHODS
  The current literature and published guidelines were reviewed to summarize the use of TA in the management of certain complications of cancer.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Although TA is relatively safe and useful as a first-line or salvage modality for some disorders, few prospective, randomized clinical trials exist and the majority of evidence is derived from observational studies. Expert-based, clinical practice guidelines have been developed to inform hematology/oncology professionals and apheresis physicians about the efficacy and limitations of TA for malignancy-related indications.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Certain oncological conditions respond to TA and consensus guidelines are available to support clinical decision-making. However, well-designed, prospective intervention trials are needed to better define the role of TA for a variety of disorders.
authors.affiliation: Seattle Cancer Care Alliance, WA 98109, USA. lauracs1@seattlecca.org.
authors.forename: Laura S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Connelly-Smith
authors.forename: Michael L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Linenberger
mesh_terms: D016913:Blood Component Transfusion / Q000009:adverse effects; D006086:Graft vs Host Disease / Q000628:therapy; D018380:Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D007937:Leukapheresis; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000097:blood*; D010265:Paraproteinemias / Q000628:therapy; D010951:Plasma Exchange / Q000009:adverse effects; D010983:Plateletpheresis