title: The role of general parenting and cannabis-specific parenting practices in adolescent cannabis and other illicit drug use.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate general and cannabis-specific parenting practices in relation to adolescent cannabis and other illicit drug use.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were derived from the Dutch National School Survey on Substance Use among students (N=3209; aged 12-16 years) and one of their parents in 2011.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Logistic regression analyses revealed that 1) parental cannabis use was significantly related to more adolescent lifetime and recent cannabis use, and 2) restrictive cannabis-specific parental rules were associated with less adolescent recent cannabis and lifetime use of other illicit drugs, even when controlled for sociodemographic factors, general parenting, adolescent tobacco use, and tobacco-specific parenting. In addition, no significant interaction was observed between parental cannabis use and cannabis-specific rules in their relation to adolescent cannabis and other illicit drug use, indicating that cannabis rules are evenly associated with adolescent drug use for families with and without parental cannabis experience.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In addition to general parenting practices, restrictive cannabis-specific rules are related to lower adolescent cannabis and other illicit drug rates. Parents who ever used cannabis have children with a higher prevalence of cannabis use. However, their restrictive cannabis-specific rules are equally related to a lower chance of adolescent cannabis use.
authors.affiliation: Monitoring and Epidemiology Department, Trimbos Institute (Netherlands Institute of Mental Health and Addiction), P.O. Box 725, 3500 AS Utrecht, The Netherlands. Electronic address: evermeulen@trimbos.nl.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Vermeulen-Smit
authors.affiliation: Monitoring and Epidemiology Department, Trimbos Institute (Netherlands Institute of Mental Health and Addiction), P.O. Box 725, 3500 AS Utrecht, The Netherlands. Electronic address: jverdurmen@trimbos.nl.
authors.forename: J E E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Verdurmen
authors.affiliation: Monitoring and Epidemiology Department, Trimbos Institute (Netherlands Institute of Mental Health and Addiction), P.O. Box 725, 3500 AS Utrecht, The Netherlands; Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, P.O. Box 9104, 6500 HE Nijmegen, The Netherlands. Electronic address: rengels@trimbos.nl.
authors.forename: R C M E
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Engels
authors.affiliation: Department of Interdisciplinary Social Science, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80140, 3508 TC Utrecht, The Netherlands. Electronic address: W.A.M.Vollebergh@uu.nl.
authors.forename: W A M
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Vollebergh
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior / Q000523:psychology*; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D005192:Family Health; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008385:Marijuana Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D009426:Netherlands / Q000453:epidemiology; D016487:Parenting / Q000523:psychology*; D015995:Prevalence; D012907:Smoking / Q000523:psychology*; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*
keywords: Adolescent drug use; Cannabis-specific parenting; General parenting practices; Parental cannabis use