title: The effects of vardenafil and pentoxifylline administration in an animal model of ischemic colitis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Vardenafil enhances dilatation of vascular smooth muscle and inhibits platelet aggregation. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical effects of vardenafil and pentoxifylline administration in an experimental model of ischemic colitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty female Wistar albino rats weighing 250-300 g were randomized into five experimental groups (each with n = 8) as follows:1) a sham group subjected to a sham surgical procedure and administered only tap water; 2) a control group subjected to a standardized surgical procedure to induce ischemic colitis and administered only tap water; 3) and 4) treatment groups subjected to surgical induction of ischemic colitis followed by the postoperative administration of 5 mg/kg or 10 mg/kg vardenafil, respectively; and 5) a treatment group subjected to surgical induction of ischemic colitis followed by postoperative administration of pentoxifylline at 50 mg/kg/day per day as a single dose for a 3-day period. All animals were sacrificed at 72 h post-surgery and subjected to relaparotomy. We scored the macroscopically visible damage, measured the ischemic area and scored histopathology to determine the severity of ischemia. Tissue malondialdehyde levels were also quantified.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean Gomella ischemic areas were 63.3 mm2 in the control group; 3.4 and 9.6 mm2 in the vardenafil 5 and vardenafil 10 groups, respectively; and 3.4 mm2 in the pentoxifylline group (p = 0.0001). The mean malondialdehyde values were 63.7 nmol/g in the control group; 25.3 and 25.6 nmol/g in the vardenafil 5 and vardenafil 10 groups, respectively; and 22.8 nmol/g in the pentoxifylline group (p = 0.0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings indicate that vardenafil and pentoxifylline are effective treatment options in an animal model of ischemic colitis. The positive clinical effects produced by these drugs are likely due to their influence on the hemodynamics associated with vascular smooth muscle and platelet functions.
authors.affiliation: Kars State HospitalDepartment of General SurgeryKars, Department of General Surgery, Kars State Hospital, TurkeyKars, Turkey.
authors.forename: Mehmet
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Aziret
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Adana Adana Numune Training and Research Hospital, Adana, Turkey.
authors.forename: Oktay
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Irkorucu
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Adana Adana Numune Training and Research Hospital, Adana, Turkey.
authors.forename: Enver
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Reyhan
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Adana Adana Numune Training and Research Hospital, Adana, Turkey.
authors.forename: Hasan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Erdem
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Adana Adana Numune Training and Research Hospital, Adana, Turkey.
authors.forename: Koray
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Das
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Adana Adana Numune Training and Research Hospital, Adana, Turkey.
authors.forename: Selvinaz
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ozkara
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Haydarpaşa Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Surmelioglu
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Namık Kemal University, Tekirdağ, Turkey.
authors.forename: Selim
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sozen
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Namık Kemal University, Tekirdağ, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ilhan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Bali
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Adana Adana Numune Training and Research Hospital, Adana, Turkey.
authors.forename: Sulleyman
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cetinkunar
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Adana Adana Numune Training and Research Hospital, Adana, Turkey.
authors.forename: Kamuran Cumhur
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Deger
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017091:Colitis, Ischemic / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D003106:Colon / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000032:analysis; D010431:Pentoxifylline / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D058986:Phosphodiesterase 5 Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D010879:Piperazines / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D011897:Random Allocation; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013450:Sulfones / Q000008:administration & dosage; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014227:Triazines / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000069058:Vardenafil Dihydrochloride
chemical_list: D007093:Imidazoles; D058986:Phosphodiesterase 5 Inhibitors; D010879:Piperazines; D013450:Sulfones; D014227:Triazines; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D000069058:Vardenafil Dihydrochloride; D010431:Pentoxifylline