title: Wilderness Medical Society practice guidelines for the prevention and treatment of lightning injuries: 2014 update.
abstract: To provide guidance to clinicians about best practices, the Wilderness Medical Society (WMS) convened an expert panel to develop evidence-based guidelines for the treatment and prevention of lightning injuries. These guidelines include a review of the epidemiology of lightning and recommendations for the prevention of lightning strikes, along with treatment recommendations organized by organ system. Recommendations are graded on the basis of the quality of supporting evidence according to criteria put forth by the American College of Chest Physicians. This is an updated version of the original WMS Practice Guidelines for Prevention and Treatment of Lightning Injuries published in Wilderness & Environmental Medicine 2012;23(3):260-269.
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO (Drs Davis, McStay, and Cushing). Electronic address: christopher.davis@ucdenver.edu.
authors.forename: Chris
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Denver Health Medical Center/University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, Colorado (Dr Engeln).
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Engeln
authors.affiliation: Department of Wound Healing and Hyperbaric Medicine, St. Alphonsus Hospital, Boise, ID, and Emergency Services, Teton Valley Hospital, Driggs, ID (Dr Johnson).
authors.forename: Eric L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.affiliation: Division of Emergency Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT (Dr McIntosh).
authors.forename: Scott E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: McIntosh
authors.affiliation: Division of Emergency Medicine, Stanford University Medical Center, Palo Alto, CA, the Department of Emergency Medicine, Alaska Native Medical Center, Anchorage, AK, and the International Commission for Mountain Emergency Medicine (Dr Zafren).
authors.forename: Ken
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Zafren
authors.affiliation: Department of Family & Community Medicine, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine (Dr Islas).
authors.forename: Arthur A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Islas
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA.
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: McStay
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, St. John's Medical Center, Jackson, WY (Dr Smith).
authors.forename: William R
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Denver Health Medical Center/University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, Colorado (Dr Engeln).
authors.forename: Tracy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Cushing
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D015168:Lightning Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000628:therapy*; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians'; D012955:Societies, Medical; D055813:Wilderness Medicine / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards
keywords: Lichtenberg; keraunoparalysis; lightning; lightning injury; lightning strike