title: Characterization of fungus-specific microsatellite markers in the lichen-forming fungus Parmelina carporrhizans (Parmeliaceae).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Microsatellite loci were developed to study the lichen-forming fungus Parmelina (Parmeliaceae) in different habitats of western Europe and the Mediterranean for baseline studies to understand the effects of climate change on its distribution. •
  
  
  RESULTS
  We cultured P. carporrhizans from ascospores for genomic sequencing with Illumina HiSeq. We successfully developed 11 polymorphic microsatellite markers and associated primer sets and assessed them with 30 individuals from two of the Canary Islands. The average number of alleles per locus was 8.8. Nei's unbiased gene diversity of these loci ranged from 0.53 to 0.91 in the tested populations. Amplification in two closely related species (P. tiliacea, P. cryptotiliacea) yielded only limited success. •
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The new microsatellite markers will allow the study of genetic diversity and population structure in P. carporrhizans. We propose eight markers to combine in two multiplex reactions for further studies on a larger set of populations.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Biología Vegetal II, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza de Ramón y Cajal s/n, Madrid 28040, Spain.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Alors
authors.affiliation: Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (BiK-F), Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, 60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Dal Grande
authors.affiliation: Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (BiK-F), Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, 60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
authors.forename: Imke
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Schmitt
authors.affiliation: Science and Education, Field Museum, Chicago, Illinois 60605 USA ; Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand.
authors.forename: Ekaphan
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kraichak
authors.affiliation: Science and Education, Field Museum, Chicago, Illinois 60605 USA.
authors.forename: H Thorsten
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Lumbsch
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Biología Vegetal II, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza de Ramón y Cajal s/n, Madrid 28040, Spain.
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Crespo
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Biología Vegetal II, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza de Ramón y Cajal s/n, Madrid 28040, Spain.
authors.forename: Pradeep K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Divakar
keywords: Ascomycota; Parmelina carporrhizans; lichen-forming fungi; microsatellites; multiplex; population genetics