title: [Pain control of bone and joint diseases in the elderly].
abstract: The decline of multiple physiological processes, even in the absence of disease, combined should logically influence treatment options. Decreased gastric secretions, intestinal motility, and vitamin D receptors lead to loss of appetite, malnutrition. Increased arterial thickening and rigidity elevate cardiac risk, while decreased elasticity in the lungs potentially exacerbates breathing disorders. Memory impairment and cognitive decline progress as neurons become less resilient to stress over time. Reduced hepatic and renal blood flow limit metabolism and filtration, increasing the risk for accumulation of toxic substances. Physiologic changes, drug-drug interactions resulting from polypharmacy, and drug-disease interactions combine to make elderly patients more sensitive to the AEs of medications. Effective pain management in the elderly is challenging. The purpose of this review is to highlight the use of several treatment options for elderly patients.
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Soen
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000700:Analgesics / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001847:Bone Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007592:Joint Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy*; D010146:Pain / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics