title: Differential expression of candidate salivary effector proteins in field collections of Hessian fly, Mayetiola destructor.
abstract: Evidence is emerging that some proteins secreted by gall-forming parasites of plants act as effectors responsible for systemic changes in the host plant, such as galling and nutrient tissue formation. A large number of secreted salivary gland proteins (SSGPs) that are the putative effectors responsible for the physiological changes elicited in susceptible seedling wheat by Hessian fly, Mayetiola destructor (Say), larvae have been documented. However, how the genes encoding these candidate effectors might respond under field conditions is unknown. The goal of this study was to use microarray analysis to investigate variation in SSGP transcript abundance amongst field collections from different geographical regions (southeastern USA, central USA, and the Middle East). Results revealed significant variation in SSGP transcript abundance amongst the field collections studied. The field collections separated into three distinct groups that corresponded to the wheat classes grown in the different geographical regions as well as to recently described Hessian fly populations. These data support previous reports correlating Hessian fly population structure with micropopulation differences owing to agro-ecosystem parameters such as cultivation of regionally adapted wheat varieties, deployment of resistance genes and variation in climatic conditions.
authors.affiliation: USDA-ARS, Crop Production and Pest Control Research Unit, West Lafayette, IN, USA; Department of Entomology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: R H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Shukle
authors.forename: M-S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Srivastava
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Subramanyam
authors.forename: B J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Schemerhorn
authors.forename: P G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Weintraub
authors.forename: H E M
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Abdel Moniem
authors.forename: K L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Flanders
authors.forename: G D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Buntin
authors.forename: C E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Williams
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004175:Diptera / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D020224:Expressed Sequence Tags; D015870:Gene Expression; D006790:Host-Parasite Interactions; D019476:Insect Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D007557:Israel; D007814:Larva / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010802:Phylogeny; D012469:Salivary Glands / Q000378:metabolism; D012471:Salivary Proteins and Peptides / Q000235:genetics*; D014908:Triticum / Q000469:parasitology; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D019476:Insect Proteins; D012471:Salivary Proteins and Peptides
keywords: Mayetiola destructor; gall midges; plant−insect interactions; secreted salivary effector proteins; wheat