title: Neutrophil priming occurs in a sequential manner and can be visualized in living animals by monitoring IL-1β promoter activation.
abstract: Rapid enhancement of phagocyte functionality is a hallmark of neutrophil priming. GeneChip analyses unveiled elevated CD54, dectin-2, and IL-1β mRNA expression by neutrophils isolated from inflammatory sites. In fact, CD54 and dectin-2 protein expression was detected on neutrophils recovered from skin, peritoneal, and lung inflammation lesions but not on those in bone marrow or peripheral blood. Neutrophils increased CD54 and dectin-2 mRNA during migration in Boyden chambers and acquired CD54 and dectin-2 surface expression after subsequent exposure to GM-CSF. Neutrophils purified from IL-1β promoter-driven DsRed-transgenic mice acquired DsRed signals during cell migration or exposure to GM-CSF. CD54 and dectin-2 were expressed by DsRed(+) (but not DsRed(-)) neutrophils in GM-CSF-supplemented cultures, and neutrophils recovered from inflammatory sites exhibited strong DsRed signals. The dynamic process of neutrophil priming was studied in chemically induced inflammatory skin lesions by monitoring DsRed expression using confocal microscopy. A majority (>80%) of Ly6G(+) neutrophils expressed DsRed, and those DsRed(+)/Ly6G(+) cells exhibited crawling motion with a higher velocity compared with their DsRed(-)/Ly6G(+) counterparts. This report unveils motile behaviors of primed neutrophils in living animals. We propose that neutrophil priming occurs in a sequential manner with rapid enhancement of phagocyte functionality, followed by CD54 and dectin-2 mRNA and protein expression, IL-1β promoter activation, and accelerated motility. Not only do these findings provide a new conceptual framework for our understanding of the process of neutrophil priming, they also unveil new insights into the pathophysiology of many inflammatory disorders that are characterized by neutrophil infiltration.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, OH 43614.
authors.forename: Yi
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2020-8565
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, OH 43614.
authors.forename: Hironori
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Matsushima
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, OH 43614.
authors.forename: Jennifer A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Ohtola
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, OH 43614.
authors.forename: Shuo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Geng
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, OH 43614.
authors.forename: Ran
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, OH 43614 Akira.Takashima@UToledo.edu.
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Takashima
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D030801:Animals, Genetically Modified; D002634:Chemotaxis, Leukocyte / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D017930:Genes, Reporter; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000235:genetics*; D037181:Lectins, C-Type / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D020556:Neutrophil Infiltration / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D010538:Peritonitis / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D015533:Transcriptional Activation; D059467:Transcriptome
chemical_list: D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D037181:Lectins, C-Type; C445340:dectin-2, mouse; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1