title: Effect of subthalamic nucleus stimulation on penicillin induced focal motor seizures in primate.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Drug-resistant motor epilepsies are particularly incapacitating for the patients. In a primate model of focal motor seizures induced by intracortical injection of penicillin, we recently showed that seizures propagated from the motor cortex towards the basal ganglia.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Using the same animal model here, we hypothesized that disruption of subthalamic nucleus (STN) activity by chronic high frequency stimulation (HFS) could modify pathological excessive cortical synchronisation occurring during focal motor seizures, and therefore could reduce seizure activity.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two monkeys were chronically implanted with one electrode positioned into the STN. In each experiment, seizures were induced during 6 hours by injecting penicillin into the motor cortex. During stimulation sessions, HFS-STN was applied at the beginning of penicillin injection.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Our results indicate that HFS-STN improved focal motor seizures by delaying the occurrence of the first seizure, by decreasing the number of seizures by 47% and therefore the total time spent seizing by 53% compared to control. These results argue for a therapeutic use of HFS-STN in motor seizures because they were obtained in a very severe primate model of motor status similar to that seen in human. Furthermore, HFS-STN was much more efficient than direct cortical HFS of the epileptic focus, which we already tested in the same primate model.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study suggests that HFS-STN could be used as an experimental therapy when other therapeutic strategies are not possible or have failed in humans suffering from motor epilepsy but the present study still warrants controlled studies in humans.
authors.affiliation: Univ Grenoble Alpes, GIN, F-38000 Grenoble, France; INSERM, U836, F-38000 Grenoble, France.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Prabhu
authors.affiliation: Univ Grenoble Alpes, GIN, F-38000 Grenoble, France; INSERM, U836, F-38000 Grenoble, France; CHU de Grenoble, Hôpital Michallon F-38000 Grenoble, France.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chabardès
authors.affiliation: Univ Grenoble Alpes, GIN, F-38000 Grenoble, France; INSERM, U836, F-38000 Grenoble, France.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sherdil
authors.affiliation: INSERM, U836, F-38000 Grenoble, France.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Devergnas
authors.affiliation: INSERM, U836, F-38000 Grenoble, France.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Michallat
authors.affiliation: Univ Grenoble Alpes, GIN, F-38000 Grenoble, France; INSERM, U836, F-38000 Grenoble, France.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bhattacharjee
authors.affiliation: UMS IRMaGe, F-38000 Grenoble, France.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mathieu
authors.affiliation: Univ Grenoble Alpes, GIN, F-38000 Grenoble, France; INSERM, U836, F-38000 Grenoble, France.
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: David
authors.affiliation: Univ Grenoble Alpes, GIN, F-38000 Grenoble, France; INSERM, U836, F-38000 Grenoble, France. Electronic address: brigitte.piallat@ujf-grenoble.fr.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Piallat
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D046690:Deep Brain Stimulation; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D009044:Motor Cortex / Q000187:drug effects; D010406:Penicillins; D011323:Primates; D012640:Seizures / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000628:therapy*; D020531:Subthalamic Nucleus / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D010406:Penicillins
keywords: Deep brain stimulation; Focal motor seizures; Monkey model; Subthalamic nucleus