title: The application of visible wavelength reflectance hyperspectral imaging for the detection and identification of blood stains.
abstract: Current methods of detection and identification of blood stains rely largely on visual examination followed by presumptive tests such as Kastle-Meyer, Leuco-malachite green or luminol. Although these tests are useful, they can produce false positives and can also have a negative impact on subsequent DNA tests. A novel application of visible wavelength reflectance hyperspectral imaging has been used for the detection and positive identification of blood stains in a non contact and non destructive manner on a range of coloured substrates. The identification of blood staining was based on the unique visible absorption spectrum of haemoglobin between 400 and 500 nm. Images illustrating successful discrimination of blood stains from nine red substances are included. It has also been possible to distinguish between blood and approximately 40 other reddish stains. The technique was also successfully used to detect latent blood stains deposited on white filter paper at dilutions of up to 1 in 512 folds and on red tissue at dilutions of up to 1 in 32 folds. Finally, in a blind trial, the method successfully detected and identified a total of 9 blood stains on a red T-shirt.
authors.affiliation: School of Science and Engineering, Teesside University, Borough Road, Middlesbrough TS1 3BA, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: School of Science and Engineering, Teesside University, Borough Road, Middlesbrough TS1 3BA, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Beveridge
authors.affiliation: School of Science and Engineering, Teesside University, Borough Road, Middlesbrough TS1 3BA, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: William T
authors.initials: WT
authors.lastname: O'Hare
authors.affiliation: School of Science and Engineering, Teesside University, Borough Road, Middlesbrough TS1 3BA, United Kingdom. Electronic address: m.islam@tees.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Meez
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Islam
mesh_terms: D001801:Blood Stains; D006801:Humans; D008954:Models, Biological; D013050:Spectrometry, Fluorescence / Q000379:methods*
keywords: Blood stain detection; Forensic science; Hyperspectral imaging; Liquid crystal tuneable filter