title: Second-generation antipsychotics and tardive syndromes in affective illness: a public health problem with neuropsychiatric consequences.
abstract: Food and Drug Administration-approved information and public advertisements belie neurodegenerative risks for second-generation antipsychotics in affective illness. Package inserts label tardive syndromes "potentially reversible" while uniformly omitting patient counseling for long-term neurodegenerative side effects. I found that only 2 of 78 outpatients exposed to second-generation antipsychotics reported awareness of tardive syndromes. Updated literature challenges safety advantages of atypical versus typical antipsychotics. Physician and patient information regarding tardive syndromes from second-generation antipsychotics approved for affective illness is inadequate.
authors.affiliation: Frederick M. Jacobsen is with the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, and the Pharmacy and Therapeutics Committee, George Washington University Hospital, Washington, DC.
authors.forename: Frederick M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Jacobsen
mesh_terms: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002490:Central Nervous System / Q000187:drug effects; D004348:Drug Labeling; D006801:Humans; D019964:Mood Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy*; D009069:Movement Disorders / Q000209:etiology*; D014481:United States; D014486:United States Food and Drug Administration
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents