title: The delicate balance of melanoma immunotherapy.
abstract: The strategy of immune modulation for the treatment of cancer is being refined with the introduction of multiple new therapeutic agents into the clinic. Melanoma is a disease where many of these agents have demonstrated efficacy. The mechanisms of action of these agents exploit the counter-regulatory mechanisms of the immune response. However, these agents are also associated with immune-related adverse events (IRAEs), which represent tissue-specific inflammatory responses. These IRAEs highlight the delicate balance of immunologic homeostasis and, with some interventions, may occur more frequently in patients who sustain a therapeutic response. This review will discuss melanoma immunogenicity and immunotherapy. Furthermore, the spectrum and distinction between a reversible immune adverse event and autoimmunity will be highlighted.
authors.affiliation: Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center , New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: David E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Gyorki
authors.affiliation: Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center , New York, NY, USA ; Ludwig Center, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center , New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Margaret
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Callahan
authors.affiliation: Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center , New York, NY, USA ; Ludwig Center, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center , New York, NY, USA ; Weill Cornell Medical College , New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Jedd D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Wolchok
authors.affiliation: Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center , New York, NY, USA ; Weill Cornell Medical College , New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Charlotte E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Ariyan
keywords: checkpoint blockade; immunity; immunotherapy; melanoma; tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes