title: Attenuation of inflammatory response by 25- hydroxyvitamin D3-loaded polylactic acid microspheres in treatment of periodontitis in diabetic rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the inhibitory effects of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25(OH)D3)-loaded polylactic acid (PLA) microspheres on inflammatory response in diabetic periodontitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  25(OH)D3-loaded PLA microspheres were produced using emulsion-solvent evaporation method. Rat bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) cultured with Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans in high glucose medium were chosen to mimic diabetic periodontitis. After cultivation with 25(OH)D3-loaded PLA microspheres, inflammation-related proteins in BMSCs were detected using Western blot analysis. Periodontitis was induced using silk ligatures in diabetic rats, and 25(OH)D3-loaded PLA microspheres were placed into the periodontal pockets. Periodontal tissues were examined using hematoxylin and eosin staining and western blot analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Drug release from the 25(OH)D3-loaded microspheres was relatively steady during 70 days. In a diabetic periodontitis-like environment, 25(OH)D3-loaded microspheres upregulated vitamin D receptor expression, and downregulated nuclear factor-κB expression and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 phosphorylation in the BMSCs. These 25(OH)D3 microspheres also attenuated periodontal inflammatory infiltrate and bone loss in diabetic rats with periodontitis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  25(OH)D3-loaded microspheres could ameliorate diabetic periodontitis by inhibiting inflammatory response, and may provide a potential therapy for patients with this disease.
authors.forename: Hao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Qi
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.forename: Xin Min
authors.initials: XM
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000287:Administration, Topical; D016976:Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans / Q000276:immunology; D016301:Alveolar Bone Loss / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology; D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002112:Calcifediol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000150:complications*; D005881:Gingiva / Q000276:immunology; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000032:analysis; D019344:Lactic Acid; D008297:Male; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000382:microbiology; D008863:Microspheres; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000032:analysis; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000473:pathology; D010518:Periodontitis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology; D011091:Polyesters; D011108:Polymers; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D018167:Receptors, Calcitriol / Q000032:analysis; D050796:STAT3 Transcription Factor / Q000032:analysis; D013311:Streptozocin
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D016328:NF-kappa B; D011091:Polyesters; D011108:Polymers; D018167:Receptors, Calcitriol; D050796:STAT3 Transcription Factor; C494088:Stat3 protein, rat; D019344:Lactic Acid; C033616:poly(lactide); D013311:Streptozocin; D002112:Calcifediol