title: Lack of Association Between ACE Indel Polymorphism and Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Physically Active and Sedentary Young Women.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Polymorphisms at the angiotensin-converting enzyme gene (ACE), such as the indel [rs1799752] variant in intron 16, have been shown to be associated with aerobic performance of athletes and non-athletes. However, the relationship between ACE indel polymorphism and cardiorespiratory fitness has not been always demonstrated.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The relationship between ACE indel polymorphism and cardiorespiratory fitness was investigated in a sample of young Caucasian Brazilian women.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study investigated 117 healthy women (aged 18 to 30 years) who were grouped as physically active (n = 59) or sedentary (n = 58). All subjects performed an incremental exercise test (ramp protocol) on a cycle-ergometer with 20-25 W/min increments. Blood samples were obtained for DNA extraction and to analyze metabolic and hormonal profiles. ACE indel polymorphism was determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and fragment size analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The physically active group had higher values of peak oxygen uptake (VO2 peak), carbon dioxide output (VCO2), ventilation (VE) and power output than the sedentary group (P < 0.05) at the peak of the exercise test. However, heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) did not differ between groups. There was no relationship between ACE indel polymorphism and cardiorespiratory variables during the test in both the physically active and sedentary groups, even when the dominant (DD vs. D1 + 2) and recessive (2 vs. DI + DD) models of inheritance were tested.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results do not support the concept that the genetic variation at the ACE locus contributes to the cardiorespiratory responses at the peak of exercise test in physically active or sedentary healthy women. This indicates that other factors might mediate these responses, including the physical training level of the women.
authors.affiliation: College of Health Sciences, Methodist University of Piracicaba, Piracicaba, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rozangela
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Verlengia
authors.affiliation: Department of Morphology, Federal University of Goias, Goiania, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ana C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Rebelo
authors.affiliation: College of Health Sciences, Methodist University of Piracicaba, Piracicaba, Brazil.
authors.forename: Alex H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Crisp
authors.affiliation: Adventist University of Sao Paulo, Engenheiro Coellho, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Vandeni C
authors.initials: VC
authors.lastname: Kunz
authors.affiliation: College of Health Sciences, Methodist University of Piracicaba, Piracicaba, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marco A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Dos Santos Carneiro Cordeiro
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Mario H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Hirata
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rosario D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Crespo Hirata
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiotherapy, Federal University of Sao Carlos, Sao Carlos, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ester
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Silva
keywords: Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme; Exercise Test; Motor Activity; Polymorphism, Genetic