title: Smilax china L. rhizome extract inhibits nuclear factor-κB and induces apoptosis in ovarian cancer cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the antitumor effects and associated mechanisms of extract of the Smilax china L. rhizome (SCR) on ovarian cancer cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ovarian cancer cells A2780 were treated with different concentrations of SCR extract (SCRE), and compared with controls. Effects on cell growth were evaluated by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay; proliferation effects by EdU incorporation assay; cell cycle by propidium iodide staining; apoptosis by annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate/propidium iodide; cellular distribution of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) by immunofluorescence; protein levels of NF-κB, caspase-3, poly-adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-ribose polymerase (PARP), Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax), cellular inhibitor of apoptosis (cIAP)-1, anti-X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP), B-cell lymphoma-extra large (Bcl-XL), B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) and AKT by Western blotting; and effects of SCRE combined with cisplatin or adriamycin on A2780 cells by CCK-8 assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  SCRE suppressed A2780 cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner (P<0.05,P<0.01), arrested cells in G2/M phase and induced apoptosis by activating caspase-3, PARP and Bax. SCRE treatment also correlated with inhibition of NF-κB and downregulation of Bcl-2, Bcl-XL, cIAP-1, XIAP and AKT. SCRE can promote chemosensitivity to cisplatin and adriamycin in A2780 cells (P<0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SCR effectively inhibits NF-κB, induces apoptosis and reduces chemoresistance to cisplatin and adriamycin in ovarian cancer cells, which might be its molecular basis for treating ovarian cancer.
authors.affiliation: The First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang Hubei Province, 443003, China.|Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
authors.forename: Li-ling
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China. yjkchen@163.com.
authors.forename: Dong-sheng
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: The First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang Hubei Province, 443003, China.
authors.forename: Yan-yan
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
authors.forename: You
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Qin
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
authors.forename: Pu
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
authors.forename: Li-xiu
authors.initials: LX
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liao
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
authors.forename: Xiao-li
authors.initials: XL
authors.lastname: Hua
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D032281:Smilax
chemical_list: D016328:NF-kappa B; D010936:Plant Extracts
keywords: A2780 cells; G2/M arrest; Smilax china L. rhizome; apoptosis; chemosensitivity; nuclear factor-κB