title: Isolation and Characterization of the Colletotrichum acutatum ABC Transporter CaABC1.
abstract: Fungi tolerate exposure to various abiotic stresses, including cytotoxic compounds and fungicides, via their ATP-driven efflux pumps belonging to ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters. To clarify the molecular basis of interaction between the fungus and various abiotic stresses including fungicides, we constructed a cDNA library from germinated conidia of Colletotrichum acutatum, a major anthracnose pathogen of pepper (Capsicum annum L.). Over 1,000 cDNA clones were sequenced, of which single clone exhibited significant nucleotide sequence homology to ABC transporter genes. We isolated three fosmid clones containing the C. acutatum ABC1 (CaABC1) gene in full-length from genomic DNA library screening. The CaABC1 gene consists of 4,059 bp transcript, predicting a 1,353-aa protein. The gene contains the typical ABC signature and Walker A and B motifs. The 5'-flanking region contains a CAAT motif, a TATA box, and a Kozak region. Phylogenetic and structural analysis suggested that the CaABC1 is a typical ABC transporter gene highly conserved in various fungal species, as well as in Chromista, Metazoans, and Viridiplantae. We also found that CaABC1 was up-regulated during conidiation and a minimal medium condition. Moreover, CaABC1 was induced in iprobenfos, kresoxim-methyl, thiophanate-methyl, and hygromycin B. These results demonstrate that CaABC1 is necessary for conidiation, abiotic stress, and various fungicide resistances. These results will provide the basis for further study on the function of ABC transporter genes in C. acutatum.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomaterial Control, Dongeui University, Busan 614-714, Korea ; Blue-Bio Industry RIC, Dongeui University, Busan 614-714, Korea.
authors.forename: Suyoung
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Korean Lichen Research Institute, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 540-950, Korea.
authors.forename: Sook-Young
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomaterial Control, Dongeui University, Busan 614-714, Korea.
authors.forename: Hyejeong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomaterial Control, Dongeui University, Busan 614-714, Korea ; Blue-Bio Industry RIC, Dongeui University, Busan 614-714, Korea.
authors.forename: Dongyoung
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Biology, Dong-A University, Busan 604-714, Korea.
authors.forename: Seon-Woo
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Medicine, College of Agriculture, Life and Environment Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 361-763, Korea.
authors.forename: Heung Tae
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomaterial Control, Dongeui University, Busan 614-714, Korea ; Blue-Bio Industry RIC, Dongeui University, Busan 614-714, Korea ; Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Dongeui University, Busan 614-714, Korea.
authors.forename: Jong-Hwan
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomaterial Control, Dongeui University, Busan 614-714, Korea ; Blue-Bio Industry RIC, Dongeui University, Busan 614-714, Korea ; Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Dongeui University, Busan 614-714, Korea.
authors.forename: Woobong
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Choi
keywords: ABC transporter gene; Colletotrichum acutatum; abiotic stress; expression profiling; fungicide resistance