title: Suppression of Th2 immune responses by the sulfated polysaccharide from Porphyra haitanensis in tropomyosin-sensitized mice.
abstract: The sulfated polysaccharide from Porphyra was hypothesized to exhibit immunoregulatory, anti-tumor and anti-inflammatory activity, but its anti-allergic activity is not fully understood. Therefore, the aim of this study was to isolate sulfated polysaccharide from Porphyra haitanensis (PHPS) and investigate its anti-allergic potential using a tropomyosin (TM)-induced mouse allergy model. Intraperitoneal injection of PHPS suppressed the allergic reaction by modulating serum IgE, IgG1 and IgG2a levels in mice. In particular, when PHPS was injected prior to the first immunization with TM, the IgE level decreased by 34.2% compared with the control (PBS) group. Oral therapeutic administration of PHPS to TM-sensitized mice decreased histamine release and repaired the pathology in the jejunum of the small intestine. In vitro, the mRNA expressions of the TM-induced Th2 cytokines (interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-5 and IL-13) in splenic lymphocytes were reduced by PHPS; however, the expression of Th1 and regulatory cytokines (interferon gamma (IFN-γ) and IL-10) were up-regulated in PHPS-treated splenic lymphocytes. In the splenic lymphocyte supernatant, the IL-4, IL-13 and IFN-γ levels were also regulated by PHPS. Moreover, PHPS induced IFN-γ secretion via the Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) signaling pathways. Therefore, these results suggest that PHPS suppresses the TM-induced allergic reaction, possibly by modulating the imbalance of the Th1/Th2 immune response.
authors.affiliation: College of Food and Biological Engineering, Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Exploitation and Utilization of Marine Biological Resources, Jimei University, 43 Yindou Road, Xiamen,Fujian 361021, PR China.
authors.forename: Chaolan
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Tzuming
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.affiliation: College of Food and Biological Engineering, Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Exploitation and Utilization of Marine Biological Resources, Jimei University, 43 Yindou Road, Xiamen,Fujian 361021, PR China.
authors.forename: Minjie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.affiliation: College of Food and Biological Engineering, Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Exploitation and Utilization of Marine Biological Resources, Jimei University, 43 Yindou Road, Xiamen,Fujian 361021, PR China.
authors.forename: Qingmei
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: College of Food and Biological Engineering, Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Exploitation and Utilization of Marine Biological Resources, Jimei University, 43 Yindou Road, Xiamen,Fujian 361021, PR China.
authors.forename: Lingjing
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: College of Food and Biological Engineering, Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Exploitation and Utilization of Marine Biological Resources, Jimei University, 43 Yindou Road, Xiamen,Fujian 361021, PR China. Electronic address: gmliu@jmu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Guangming
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000485:Allergens / Q000276:immunology; D000818:Animals; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006967:Hypersensitivity / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology; D007111:Immunity, Cellular / Q000187:drug effects; D056724:Immunity, Humoral / Q000187:drug effects; D007114:Immunization; D007073:Immunoglobulin E / Q000097:blood; D007165:Immunosuppression Therapy; D053614:Janus Kinase 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D048670:MAP Kinase Kinase 4 / Q000378:metabolism; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D044664:Porphyra / Q000276:immunology*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D013431:Sulfates / Q000737:chemistry; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D018418:Th2 Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D014335:Tropomyosin / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000485:Allergens; D016207:Cytokines; D011134:Polysaccharides; D013431:Sulfates; D014335:Tropomyosin; D007073:Immunoglobulin E; D053614:Janus Kinase 2; D048670:MAP Kinase Kinase 4
keywords: Food allergy; Mouse model; Porphyra haitanensis; Sulfated polysaccharide; Th2 immune response; Tropomyosin