title: Translocation and biotransformation of CuO nanoparticles in rice (Oryza sativa L.) plants.
abstract: Metal-based nanoparticles (MNPs) may be translocated and biochemically modified in vivo, which may influence the fate of MNPs in the environment. Here, synchrotron-based techniques were used to investigate the behavior of CuO NPs in rice plants exposed to 100 mg/L CuO NPs for 14 days. Micro X-ray fluorescence (μ-XRF) and micro X-ray absorption near edge structure (μ-XANES) analysis revealed that CuO NPs moved into the root epidermis, exodermis, and cortex, and they ultimately reached the endodermis but could not easily pass the Casparian strip; however, the formation of lateral roots provided a potential pathway for MNPs to enter the stele. Moreover, bulk-XANES data showed that CuO NPs were transported from the roots to the leaves, and that Cu (II) combined with cysteine, citrate, and phosphate ligands and was even reduced to Cu (I). CuO NPs and Cu-citrate were observed in the root cells using soft X-ray scanning transmission microscopy (STXM).
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China. Electronic address: zjupcsnow@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Cheng
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China. Electronic address: duandechao111@163.com.
authors.forename: Dechao
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Duan
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China. Electronic address: smilechenbanban@126.com.
authors.forename: Chen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, United States. Electronic address: yongsheng.chen@ce.gatech.edu.
authors.forename: Yongsheng
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China. Electronic address: sunliuliu2012@126.com.
authors.forename: Lijuan
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China. Electronic address: zhangh@zhdec.com.
authors.forename: Hai
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China. Electronic address: sjyxf.ok@163.com.
authors.forename: Xiaofeng
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.affiliation: Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China. Electronic address: zhenglr@ihep.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Lirong
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.affiliation: Department of Technology, Beijing Construction Engineering Environmental Remediation Co., Ltd., Beijing 100015, China. Electronic address: yangyuanqiang@bceer.com.
authors.forename: Yuanqiang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China. Electronic address: youngjianjun.cn@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Jianjun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201204, China. Electronic address: zhenxiangjun@sinap.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Xiangjun
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhen
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China. Electronic address: yingxuc@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Yingxu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China. Electronic address: shijiyan@zju.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Jiyan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shi
mesh_terms: D001692:Biological Transport; D001711:Biotransformation; D003300:Copper / Q000378:metabolism*; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D012275:Oryza / Q000378:metabolism*; D018515:Plant Leaves; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000378:metabolism; D010944:Plants; D017356:Synchrotrons
chemical_list: D003300:Copper; C030973:cupric oxide
keywords: CuO NPs; Rice; STXM; XAFS; XRF