title: Biological activities and chemical content of Sung Yod rice bran oil extracted by expression and soxhlet extraction methods.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Sung Yod rice is a red-violet pigmented rice and grown in the southern part of Thailand. Its rice bran oil has attracted the attention ofscientists who have described anti-oxidant properties ofsome ingredients in Sung Yod rice bran oil. Normally, extraction methods ofcommercial product from rice bran oil are by expression or soxhlet extraction with hexane. Thus, biological activities of Sung Yod rice bran oil related to health and chemical content ofrice bran oilfrom the two methods should be studied.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objectives of this research were to investigate for biological activities and chemical content ofSung Yod rice bran oil obtainedfrom expression or soxhlet extraction method.
  
  
  METHODS
  Biological activities such as cytotoxic, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities were investigated. Sulphorhodamine (SRB) assay was used to test cytotoxic activity against four human cancer cell lines: lung (COR-L23), cervical (HeLa), prostate (PC-3) and breast (MCF-7) and normal human lung cells (MRC-5). The inhibitory effect on lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced nitric oxide (NO) production in RA W264. 7 cell lines was usedfor the determination of anti-inflammatory effect. DPPH, TEAC and FRAP assay were carried outfor antioxidant activity. Total phenolic compound was determined by Folin-Ciocalteu reagent. y-oryzanol and vitamin E content were determined by HPLC. Sung Yod rice bran oil was produced by expression method (EX) or by soxhlet extraction method using hexane (SXH-I).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The percentage ofyield ofSung Yod rice bran oil by EX and SXH were 2.16 and 15.23 %w/w, respectively. Only EX showed the selective cytotoxicity against prostate cancer cells (PC-3), (IC50 = 52.06±1.60 μg/ml). It also exhibited high inhibitory effects on NO production (IC50 = 30.09 μg/ml). In contrast, SXH had no anti-inflammatory effect and cytotoxic activity against any of the cancer cells. EXshowed higher antioxidant activity determined using DPPH compared to SXH. It also showed higher amount of yoryzanol and vitamin E than that ofSXH (3.09±1.04 and 1.35±1.56 mg % w/w ofextracts, respectively). Yet, SXH exhibited higher antioxidant power determined by FRAP assay and higher total phenolic content compared with EX CONCLUSION: Sung Yod rice bran oil, produced by expression method, had better benefit for health regarding cytotoxicity against prostate cancer cells (PC-3), anti-inflammatory effect and antioxidant (using DPPH) than that produced by soxhlet method extracted with hexane.
authors.forename: Sakuntala
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Uttama
authors.forename: Arunpomrn
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Itharat
authors.forename: Rujiluk
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rattarom
authors.forename: Sunita
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Makchuchit
authors.forename: Sumalee
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Panthong
authors.forename: Intouch
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Sakpakdeejaroen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms; D002460:Cell Line; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D004354:Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor; D005260:Female; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D009369:Neoplasms; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D012275:Oryza; D010636:Phenols / Q000737:chemistry; D010666:Phenylpropionates / Q000737:chemistry; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms; D000073879:Rice Bran Oil; D013785:Thailand; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D010636:Phenols; D010666:Phenylpropionates; D010936:Plant Extracts; D010938:Plant Oils; D014810:Vitamin E; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D000073879:Rice Bran Oil; C013172:gamma-oryzanol