title: Metabolic syndrome in premenopausal and postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes: loss of protective effects of premenopausal status.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Diabetes is probably responsible for worsening of metabolic syndrome (MetS)components. The aim of the present study was to compare the components of MetS between premenopausal and postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes (T2DM).
  
  
  METHODS
  In this cross sectional study, we studied 639 women with T2DM that were divided in pre-menopausal (n = 221) and post-menopausal (n = 418) group. They were selected from participants of a diabetes clinic and assessed for MetS and its components. All MetS components were evaluated to follow age and duration of diabetes adjusted according to the ATP III criteria.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean ages of pre-menopausal and post-menopausal were 43.33 ± 0.47 and 60.35 ± 0.38 years, respectively. MetS was defined for 88.3% of total subjects (87.5% and 87.7% in pre-menopausal and post-menopausal women with T2DM respectively). Systolic blood pressure (SBP) and waist circumference (WC) were significantly higher in post-menopausal women with T2DM in comparison with pre-menopausal ones. There were no significant differences in triglyceride (T.G) level, diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) between the two groups. Myocardial infarction (MI) occurred in 1% total subjects (1.3% and 1.8%) in pre-menopausal and post-menopausal women with T2DM, respectively (p = 0.21).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Worsening of MetS and its components except for SBP and waist circumference has been shown in pre-menopausal women with T2DM similar to post-menopausal ones. The observed differences may be explained by increasing age. With respect to increasing of myocardial infarction in premenopausal subjects, we suggest that diabetes can abolish the protective effects of premenopausal status for MetS and MI.
authors.affiliation: Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center (EMRC), Vali-Asr Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 13145-784, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Manouchehr
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakhjavani
authors.affiliation: Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center (EMRC), Vali-Asr Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 13145-784, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Mehrnaz
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Imani
authors.affiliation: Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center (EMRC), Vali-Asr Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 13145-784, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Mehrdad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Larry
authors.affiliation: Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center (EMRC), Vali-Asr Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 13145-784, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Arash
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aghajani-Nargesi
authors.affiliation: Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center (EMRC), Vali-Asr Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 13145-784, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Afsaneh
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Morteza
authors.affiliation: Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center (EMRC), Vali-Asr Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 13145-784, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Alireza
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Esteghamati
keywords: Cardiovascular disease; Menopause; Metabolic syndrome; Women