title: Evidence for increasing severity of community-onset boils and abscesses in UK General Practice.
abstract: In England, hospital admissions for severe staphylococcal boils and abscesses trebled between 1989 and 2004. We investigated this trend using routine data from primary and secondary care. We used The Health Improvement Network (THIN), a large primary-care database and national data on hospital admissions from Hospital Episode Statistics (HES). Time trends in the incidence of primary-care consultations for boils and abscesses were estimated for 1995-2010. HES data were used to calculate age-standardized hospital admission rates for boils, abscesses and cellulitis. The incidence of boil or abscess was 450 [95% confidence interval (CI) 447-452] per 100 000 person-years and increased slightly over the study period (incidence rate ratio 1·005, 95% CI 1·004-1·007). The rate of repeat consultation for a boil or abscess increased from 66 (95% CI 59-73) per 100 000 person-years in 1995 to peak at 97 (95% CI 94-101) per 100 000 person-years in 2006, remaining stable thereafter. Hospital admissions for abscesses, carbuncles, furuncles and cellulitis almost doubled, from 123 admissions per 100 000 in 1998/1999 to 236 admissions per 100 000 in 2010/2011. Rising hospitalization and recurrence rates set against a background of stable community incidence suggests increased disease severity. Patients may be experiencing more severe and recurrent staphylococcal skin disease with limited treatment options.
authors.affiliation: Research Department of Infection and Population Health,University College London,UK.
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Shallcross
authors.affiliation: Research Department of Infection and Population Health,University College London,UK.
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Hayward
authors.affiliation: Research Department of Infection and Population Health,University College London,UK.
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.affiliation: Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health,University College London,UK.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Petersen
mesh_terms: D000038:Abscess / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002270:Carbuncle / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D002481:Cellulitis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D016208:Databases, Factual; D004739:England / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D005667:Furunculosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology; D058006:General Practice; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000639:trends*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013207:Staphylococcal Skin Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Community epidemics; Staphylococcus aureus; epidemiology; incidence; public health