title: Application of three-dimensional digital models for the morphometric analysis of predentition plasters: accuracy and precision.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to test the accuracy and precision of measurements of three-dimensional (3D) digital models from the pre-dentition period using a noncontact 3D measurement system (3D scanner) versus the gold standard method of direct measurements using a digital caliper on plaster models.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten pairs of plaster models were obtained from children during the predentition period. Linear measurements were performed using both methods. Three operators were trained in the use of both methods for this study. Measurements were performed with a minimum 2-week interval between measurements in a randomly chosen order.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean difference between the measured values using the two methods was <0.2 mm for each measurement. There was no linearity in the measurements using pre-dentition digital models. An ANOVA Gage R&R analysis revealed that there was no significant operator difference (P < 0.307). The rate of variation of the 3D scanner over the total variation was 2.8%. The ICC was 0.982 (P< 0.001), suggesting excellent interoperator agreement.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results suggest that measurements of digital 3D pre-dentition models are highly accurate and precise, and also comparable to measurements using the gold standard method.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kaihara
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Biology and Engineering, Division of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Katayama
authors.affiliation: Satoko Dental Clinic, Saitama, Japan.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Iwamae
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Biology and Engineering, Division of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kihara
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Biology and Engineering, Division of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ono
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Biology and Engineering, Division of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kurose
authors.affiliation: Maxillofacial Functional Development, Division of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Amano
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Biology and Engineering, Division of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nikawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Division of Cervico-Gnathostomatology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kozai
mesh_terms: D015982:Bias; D002133:Calcium Sulfate / Q000737:chemistry; D002138:Calibration; D002508:Cephalometry / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D007223:Infant; D008334:Mandible / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D008437:Maxilla / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D003765:Models, Dental / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D015588:Observer Variation; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013499:Surface Properties
chemical_list: D002133:Calcium Sulfate