title: Effects of 28-days ingestion of a slow-release energy supplement versus placebo on hematological and cardiovascular measures of health.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Recently, slow release tablets have been developed to prolong energy release throughout the day. The efficacy of the delivery of slow-release caffeine alone is fairly well documented; however, an assessment of safety and tolerability of prolonged use of slow-release energy supplements is lacking. Therefore the objective of this study was to investigate the effect of daily ingestion of a slow-release energy supplement for 28 days on blood chemistry and resting cardiovascular measures in healthy men and women.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty healthy individuals (20 males, 20 females; age: 22.73 ± 3.06 years; height: 171.68 ± 10.45 cm; mass: 74.49 ± 15.51 kg; BMI: 25.08 ± 3.66 (kg • m(2)) (-1)) participated in this randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled study. Following a 12-hour fast, participants reported for pre-testing. Testing consisted of resting heart rate (RHR) and blood pressure (BP) measures, followed by assessment of metabolic blood chemistry, blood lipids and complete cell counts. Participants then supplemented with either Energize™ (SUPP) or placebo (PL) for 28 days. Post-testing occurred 24-hours after ingestion of the final dose and consisted of the same protocol at the same time of day as pre-testing.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No significant changes in outcome measures were observed. A significant difference between groups was observed for plasma glucose concentrations; however, follow-up testing revealed that pre- to post-supplementation changes were not significant for either SUPP or PL. All variables remained within normal adult reference ranges. No adverse events were reported.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings indicate that 28 consecutive days ingestion of a slow release energy supplement containing caffeine in caffeine users is both safe and tolerable.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Exercise Physiology and Wellness, University of Central Florida, 4000 Central Florida Blvd., Orlando, FL 32816 USA.
authors.forename: Adam J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Wells
authors.affiliation: Institute of Exercise Physiology and Wellness, University of Central Florida, 4000 Central Florida Blvd., Orlando, FL 32816 USA.
authors.forename: Jay R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Hoffman
authors.affiliation: Institute of Exercise Physiology and Wellness, University of Central Florida, 4000 Central Florida Blvd., Orlando, FL 32816 USA.
authors.forename: Adam M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Gonzalez
authors.affiliation: Institute of Exercise Physiology and Wellness, University of Central Florida, 4000 Central Florida Blvd., Orlando, FL 32816 USA.
authors.forename: Kyle S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Beyer
authors.affiliation: Institute of Exercise Physiology and Wellness, University of Central Florida, 4000 Central Florida Blvd., Orlando, FL 32816 USA.
authors.forename: Adam R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Jajtner
authors.affiliation: Institute of Exercise Physiology and Wellness, University of Central Florida, 4000 Central Florida Blvd., Orlando, FL 32816 USA.
authors.forename: Jeremy R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Townsend
authors.affiliation: Institute of Exercise Physiology and Wellness, University of Central Florida, 4000 Central Florida Blvd., Orlando, FL 32816 USA.
authors.forename: Leonardo P
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.affiliation: Institute of Exercise Physiology and Wellness, University of Central Florida, 4000 Central Florida Blvd., Orlando, FL 32816 USA.
authors.forename: David H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Fukuda
authors.affiliation: Institute of Exercise Physiology and Wellness, University of Central Florida, 4000 Central Florida Blvd., Orlando, FL 32816 USA.
authors.forename: Maren S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Fragala
authors.affiliation: Institute of Exercise Physiology and Wellness, University of Central Florida, 4000 Central Florida Blvd., Orlando, FL 32816 USA.
authors.forename: Jeffrey R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Stout
keywords: Blood pressure; Caffeine; Complete blood counts; Comprehensive blood chemistry; Energy supplement; Health; Lipid profile; Resting heart rate; Safety; Slow-release