title: Dentifrice pH but not consistency may affect fluoride uptake in plaque.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Test the ability of acidic fluoridated solutions to enhance fluoride (F) bound on bacteria (1) and the effect of dentifrice consistency on plaque fluid F uptake (2).
  
  
  METHODS
  (1) Streptococcus mutans isolates were grown in BHI medium (37°C/18h). Bacteria were washed either with EDTA or CaCl2 both at 1mM to remove or add calcium, respectively. Pellets were incubated with 12 mM NaF at pH 4.5 or 7 for 1 min and F was quantified in the lysates and supernatants with the electrode, after HMDS-facilitated diffusion. (2) A randomized, double-blind, crossover clinical trial was performed in three phases with nineteen adults (20-35 years) that used one of the dentifrices: commercial toothpaste (1100 ppm F, pH7.0 and conventional viscosity (Sorriso Fresh(®))); experimental liquid dentifrice (ELD) (1100 ppm F, pH7.0 and low viscosity [1.1% carboxymethylcellulose (CMC)]) and ELD (1100 ppm F and high viscosity pH7.0 (2.2% CMC)). F concentration in plaque fluid was analyzed using an inverted F electrode.
  
  
  RESULTS
  (1) Significantly higher F amounts were detected in the lysates of bacteria incubated with NaF solution at pH4.5 compared to the supernatant, which was not seen at pH7.0, being this effect calcium-dependent. (2) Significantly higher F concentrations in plaque fluid were found 1h after toothbrushing compared to 12h, but no significant differences were seen among the toothpastes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  F at low pH binds more efficiently to S. mutans than at neutral pH and dentifrice viscosity does not interfere in plaque fluid fluoride incorporation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  pH of the dentifrice but not consistency may be important to F uptake in plaque.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru Dental School, University of São Paulo, Al. Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75, Bauru 17012-901, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: C A B
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Cardoso
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru Dental School, University of São Paulo, Al. Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75, Bauru 17012-901, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: F M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Levy
authors.affiliation: Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Sagrado Coração, Rua Irmã Arminda 10-50, Bauru 17011-160, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Peres-Buzalaf
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru Dental School, University of São Paulo, Al. Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75, Bauru 17012-901, SP, Brazil. Electronic address: mbuzalaf@fob.usp.br.
authors.forename: M A R
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Buzalaf
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003773:Dental Plaque / Q000188:drug therapy*; D003802:Dentifrices / Q000737:chemistry*; D005459:Fluorides / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D013295:Streptococcus mutans / Q000187:drug effects / Q000302:isolation & purification
chemical_list: D003802:Dentifrices; D005459:Fluorides
keywords: Dentifrice; Fluoride; Plaque; Streptococcus mutans