title: Indications and outcomes for use of Montgomery cannulas.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To our knowledge, we report the first series to analyze use of the Montgomery cannula as an airway management tool for indications other than obstructive sleep apnea.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To analyze the use and outcomes of Montgomery cannula placement for airway management and to identify indications for placement.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective review of 20 patients who received a Montgomery cannula from 2003 through 2012 at the University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics.
  
  
  METHODS
  Montgomery cannula placement.
  
  
  METHODS
  Indications for cannula placement, comorbidities, body mass index, reasons for failure of cannula use, and complications.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Indications included glottic stenosis (n = 7), obstructive sleep apnea (n = 5), bilateral vocal cord paralysis (n = 4), subglottic stenosis (n = 4), supraglottic swelling after radiation or chemoradiation therapy (n = 4), bulbar dystonia with paradoxical vocal cord motion (n = 1), vocal cord fixation secondary to rheumatoid arthritis and gastroesophageal reflux disease (n = 1), and airway obstruction associated with seizure disorder (n = 1). Comorbidities included obesity or overweight (n = 14), gastroesophageal reflux disease (n = 9), hypertension (n = 7), and diabetes mellitus (n = 6). Fifteen patients successfully used a Montgomery cannula, including all patients with 3 or fewer comorbidities. Five patients required replacement with a Jackson tracheostomy tube due to persistent tracheostomal granulation tissue (n = 2), feeling safer with the tracheostomy tube (n = 1), a posterior scar band causing airway obstruction (n = 1), and inability to care for the cannula because of poor manual dexterity from arthritis (n = 1). The mean (range) body mass index of successful and unsuccessful users was 27.5 (18.2-37.7) and 33.8 (24.1-42.7), respectively. Complications included the cannula being blocked by adipose tissue (n = 2) or pushed posteriorly into the airway (n = 2). The Montgomery cannula was used as a successful decannulation tool in 4 patients-with the cannula serving as an interim airway management tool leading to tracheostome closure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We identified features associated with successful use of the cannula and an additional indication for a Montgomery cannula as a step-down management tool for decannulation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa.
authors.forename: Semirra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bayan
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa.
authors.forename: Henry T
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Hoffman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000402:Airway Obstruction / Q000628:therapy*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus; D004421:Dystonia / Q000628:therapy*; D005764:Gastroesophageal Reflux / Q000150:complications; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications; D007818:Laryngeal Diseases / Q000628:therapy*; D008875:Middle Aged; D050177:Overweight / Q000150:complications; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D020181:Sleep Apnea, Obstructive / Q000628:therapy*; D014139:Tracheostomy / Q000295:instrumentation*; D055815:Young Adult