title: Pelvic inflammatory disease in the adolescent: a poignant, perplexing, potentially preventable problem for patients and physicians.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The present review considers recent pelvic inflammatory disease literature. It remains a difficult condition to accurately diagnose and manage in the adolescent woman. Failure of accurate diagnosis and prompt management leads to complications, including chronic pelvic pain and infertility.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Annual chlamydia screening of sexually active adolescents is an important method for early identification of this common cause of this disorder. Youth with positive screens can be lost for treatment if effective follow-up plans are not in place in clinical practice. The intrauterine device is not a risk factor for this condition in adolescents and is a recommended contraceptive device in sexually active adolescent women. A variety of chlamydial antigens are being used to help differentiate lower genital infection from upper genital disorder. Clinicians are not following established protocols for its diagnosis and management.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Sequelae can be reduced in adolescent women if clinicians continue with regular chlamydia screening in sexually active adolescent women, have a low index of suspicion for pelvic inflammatory disease, carefully follow accepted treatment protocols, and teach youth comprehensive sexuality education including regular condom use. Funded research is needed to develop improved diagnosis and management tools as well as a chlamydia vaccine.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric & Adolescent Medicine, Western Michigan University Homer Stryker M.D. School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, Michigan, USA.
authors.forename: Donald E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Greydanus
authors.forename: Colleen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dodich
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000293:Adolescent; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002690:Chlamydia Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D002692:Chlamydia trachomatis / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D005260:Female; D006266:Health Education; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D000292:Pelvic Inflammatory Disease / Q000209:etiology / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D012307:Risk Factors; D012725:Sexual Behavior / Q000523:psychology*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents