title: Prevalence of high blood pressure in 122,053 adolescents: a systematic review and meta-regression.
abstract: Several studies have reported high prevalence of risk factors for cardiovascular disease in adolescents. To perform: i) systematically review the literature on the prevalence of high blood pressure (HBP) in adolescents; ii) analyze the possible methodological factors associated with HBP; and iii) compare the prevalence between developed and developing countries. We revised 10 electronic databases up to August 11, 2013. Only original articles using international diagnosis of HBP were considered. The pooled prevalence's of HBP were estimated by random effects. Meta-regression analysis was used to identify the sources of heterogeneity across studies. Fifty-five studies met the inclusion criteria and total of 122,053 adolescents included. The pooled-prevalence of HBP was 11.2%, 13% for boys, and 9.6% for girls (P < 0.01). Method of measurement of BP and year in which the survey was conducted were associated with heterogeneity in the estimates of HBP among boys. The data indicate that HBP is higher among boys than girls, and that the method of measurement plays an important role in the overall heterogeneity of HBP value distributions, particularly in boys.
authors.affiliation: From the School of Medicine of the University of São Paulo (FMUSP)-Department of Preventive Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil (ACFdeM, MBL, HBC); YCARE (Youth/Child and cARdiovascular Risk and Environmental) Research Group, FMUSP/Brazil (ACFdeM, MBL, HBC); Faculty of Health of the University of Zaragoza, GENUD-Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development, Zaragoza, Spain (ACFdeM, LAM); Visiting Professor, School of Medicine of the University of São Paulo-Department of Preventive Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil (LAM); and School of Medicine of the Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil (BLH).
authors.forename: Augusto César Ferreira
authors.initials: ACF
authors.lastname: de Moraes
authors.forename: Maria Beatriz
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Lacerda
authors.forename: Luis A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Moreno
authors.forename: Bernardo L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Horta
authors.forename: Heráclito Barbosa
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Carvalho
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D019049:Developed Countries / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D003906:Developing Countries / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence