title: A new solid phase microextraction method using organic ligand in micropipette tip syringe system packed with modified carbon cloth for preconcentration of cadmium in drinking water and blood samples of kidney failure patients.
abstract: A simple and efficient miniaturized solid phase microextraction (M-SPμE) in a syringe system was developed for preconcentration of cadmium (Cd) in environmental and biological samples, followed by flame atomic absorption technique. The syringe system contains the micropipette tip packed with activated carbon cloth, coated with modified magnetic nanoparticles of iron oxide Triton X114 (ACC-NPs). Scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy used for characterization of the size, morphology and elemental composition of ACC-NPs. The sample solution treated with a complexing reagent 8-hydroxyqunilone (8-HQ), and drawn into the syringe, filled with ACC-MNPs and dispensed manually for 2-10 drawing/discharging cycles. The analyte retained on ACC-NPs in micropipette tip-syringe system were then eluted with different volume of 1.5molL(-1) HCl by 1-5 drawing/discharging cycles. The syringe system directly couple with FAAS for analysis. The influence of different variables on the extraction efficiency of Cd, including adsorbent dosage, pH, sample volume, eluent volume and drawing/discharging cycles of syringe system were optimized. At optimized extraction conditions, the method showed good linearity in the range of 5-250μgL(-1), with a limit of detection 0.15μgL(-1). Repeatability of the extraction (%RSD) was <5%, n=5. The validity and accuracy of the method was checked by the certified reference materials. The proposed method was successfully applied for the determination of Cd in different drinking water and biological samples of kidney failure patients and healthy controls.
authors.affiliation: National Centre of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro 76080, Pakistan. Electronic address: haleem_analyst@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Abdul Haleem
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Panhwar
authors.affiliation: National Centre of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro 76080, Pakistan. Electronic address: tgkazi@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Tasneem Gul
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: Kazi
authors.affiliation: National Centre of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro 76080, Pakistan. Electronic address: hassanimranafridi@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Hassan Imran
authors.initials: HI
authors.lastname: Afridi
authors.affiliation: National Centre of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro 76080, Pakistan. Electronic address: salma_arain67@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Salma Aslam
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Arain
authors.affiliation: National Centre of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro 76080, Pakistan. Electronic address: khannaeemullah@ymail.com.
authors.lastname: Naeemullah
authors.affiliation: National Centre of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro 76080, Pakistan. Electronic address: Kr_brahman@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Kapil Dev
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Brahman
authors.affiliation: National Centre of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro 76080, Pakistan. Electronic address: mshahzadi71@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Mariam Shahzadi
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Arain
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D002104:Cadmium / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood* / Q000737:chemistry*; D002138:Calibration; D002244:Carbon / Q000737:chemistry*; D060766:Drinking Water / Q000737:chemistry*; D005290:Ferric Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008024:Ligands; D008297:Male; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry; D036103:Nanotechnology; D015125:Oxyquinoline / Q000737:chemistry; D051437:Renal Insufficiency / Q000097:blood*; D052617:Solid Phase Microextraction; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry; D013054:Spectrophotometry, Atomic; D013594:Syringes; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*; D018508:Water Purification
chemical_list: D060766:Drinking Water; D005290:Ferric Compounds; D008024:Ligands; D012997:Solvents; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D002104:Cadmium; C000499:ferric oxide; D015125:Oxyquinoline; D002244:Carbon
keywords: 8-Hydroxyquinoline; Activated carbon cloth; Cadmium; Flame atomic absorption spectrometry; Solid phase microextraction; Syringe