title: Lung cancer in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Development and validation of the COPD Lung Cancer Screening Score.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are at high risk for lung cancer (LC) and represent a potential target to improve the diagnostic yield of screening programs.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To develop a predictive score for LC risk for patients with COPD.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Pamplona International Early Lung Cancer Detection Program (P-IELCAP) and the Pittsburgh Lung Screening Study (PLuSS) databases were analyzed. Only patients with COPD on spirometry were included. By logistic regression we determined which factors were independently associated with LC in PLuSS and developed a COPD LC screening score (COPD-LUCSS) to be validated in P-IELCAP.
  
  
  RESULTS
  By regression analysis, age greater than 60, body mass index less than 25 kg/m(2), pack-years history greater than 60, and emphysema presence were independently associated with LC diagnosis and integrated into the COPD-LUCSS, which ranges from 0 to 10 points. Two COPD-LUCSS risk categories were proposed: low risk (scores 0-6) and high risk (scores 7-10). In comparison with low-risk patients, in both cohorts LC risk increased 3.5-fold in the high-risk category.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The COPD-LUCSS is a good predictor of LC risk in patients with COPD participating in LC screening programs. Validation in two different populations adds strength to the findings.
authors.affiliation: 1 Pulmonary Department and.
authors.forename: Juan P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: de-Torres
authors.forename: David O
authors.initials: DO
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: Pablo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sanchez-Salcedo
authors.forename: Joel L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Weissfeld
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Berto
authors.forename: Arantzazu
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Campo
authors.forename: Ana B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Alcaide
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: García-Granero
authors.forename: Bartolome R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Celli
authors.forename: Javier J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Zulueta
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D055088:Early Detection of Cancer; D005060:Europe; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000401:mortality; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000379:methods*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000401:mortality; D011656:Pulmonary Emphysema / Q000175:diagnosis; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012307:Risk Factors; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D017678:Sex Distribution; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects; D013147:Spirometry; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014481:United States
keywords: COPD; lung cancer; screening