title: Survey of an Australian general emergency department: estimated prevalence of mental health disorders.
abstract: Compared to the general population, people with mental health disorders have an increased risk of morbidity and mortality, and are associated with higher health-care costs and lost societal productivity. Evidence indicates that more people are presenting to emergency departments with mental health disorders and that this group represents a disproportionately large number of emergency department attendees. The study results indicate that around a third of people who attended the emergency department may have had a mental health disorder, which is more than that found in the general adult Australian population. The results also suggest that the majority of emergency department attendees that have a mental health disorder are not identified at this opportunistic point of contact. The emergency department is an ideal point of contact to screen people for mental health problems. If problems are identified early, and treatment is started early, then it is likely that more people would be helped before their mental health problem became severe. However, increased identification of mental health problems may have implications for mental health services in terms of workload and delivery. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of mental health disorders in an Australian general emergency department. A cross-sectional survey was used to screen a sample of 708 patients, using the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10). The mean age of participants was 50.2 years, and their mean K10 score was 19.96 (SD 7.83), with 24% categorized as having high or very high psychological distress. Seventeen per cent self-reported having a mental health issue. Post-probability calculations based on observed K10 scores estimated that 37% of participants had an actual mental health disorder. The results suggest the prevalence of mental health disorder is significantly higher in emergency department attendees than Australian population norms, supporting the contention that a substantial proportion of ED attendees has a mental health disorder that, in the majority of cases, is not investigated at this point of contact. There is potential to screen all emergency department attendees for the presence of mental health disorder; early identification of mental illness would enable early referral for treatment. However, if all patients are screened, then it is likely that more mental health conditions will be picked up. The implications for mental health nursing are that this may increase workload.
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, Midwifery and Paramedicine, Australian Catholic University, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Nursing Research and Practice Development Centre, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Fulbrook
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lawrence
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001315:Australia / Q000453:epidemiology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Australia; K10; Kessler Psychological Distress Scale; emergency department; mental health; prevalence