title: Motor and non-motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease and their impact on quality of life and on different clinical subgroups.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of the present study is to analyse the influence that motor and non-motor symptoms have on the quality of life (QoL) of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), and to study the relationship between the two types of symptoms.
  
  
  METHODS
  This cross-sectional study included 103 patients with PD (55 men and 48 women). Quality of life was measured on the PDQ-39 scale. The UPDRS scale (I-IV) was also used, and different items were grouped to analyse the presence of tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia, and axial symptoms. The non-motor symptoms scale (NMSS) was administered to assess non-motor symptoms. We performed correlation analyses between different scales to analyse the influence of motor and non-motor symptoms on QoL.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Correlations were observed between the PDQ-39 summary index (PDQ39_SI) and the NMSS (correlation coefficient [cc], 0.56; p<.001), UPDRS III (cc, 0.44; p< .001) and UPDRS IV (cc, 0.37; p<.001) scores. The strongest correlation was between cognitive symptoms and mood. The analysis pointed to a direct relationship between the NMSS score and axial symptoms (cc, 0.384; p<.01), bradykinesia (cc, 0.299; p<.01), and to a lesser extent, rigidity (cc, 0.194; p<.05). No relationship was observed between presence of tremor and the NMSS score.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cognitive symptoms and mood exert the most influence on QoL of patients with PD. We found at least two phenotypes; one with predominantly axial symptoms, with significant involvement of non-motor symptoms, and a tremor-associated phenotype in which these symptoms are less prevalent.
authors.affiliation: Grupo Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Unidad de trastornos del movimiento y disautonomía, BioCruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Bizkaia, España. Electronic address: koldo_ber@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Berganzo
authors.affiliation: Grupo Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Unidad de trastornos del movimiento y disautonomía, BioCruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Bizkaia, España.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Tijero
authors.affiliation: Grupo Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Unidad de trastornos del movimiento y disautonomía, BioCruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Bizkaia, España.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: González-Eizaguirre
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Neurología, Hospital Universitario Álava, Vitoria-Gasteiz, España.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Somme
authors.affiliation: Grupo Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Unidad de trastornos del movimiento y disautonomía, BioCruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Bizkaia, España.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lezcano
authors.affiliation: Grupo Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Unidad de trastornos del movimiento y disautonomía, BioCruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Bizkaia, España.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Gabilondo
authors.affiliation: Grupo Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Unidad de trastornos del movimiento y disautonomía, BioCruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Bizkaia, España.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fernandez
authors.affiliation: Grupo Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Unidad de trastornos del movimiento y disautonomía, BioCruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Bizkaia, España.
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Zarranz
authors.affiliation: Grupo Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Unidad de trastornos del movimiento y disautonomía, BioCruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Bizkaia, España.
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Gómez-Esteban
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D060825:Cognitive Dysfunction / Q000209:etiology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019964:Mood Disorders / Q000209:etiology*; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000150:complications* / Q000523:psychology; D011788:Quality of Life / Q000523:psychology*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014202:Tremor / Q000209:etiology
keywords: Calidad de vida; Enfermedad de Parkinson; NMSS scale; Non-motor symptoms scale; Parkinson's disease; Quality of life