title: Hormone abnormalities in patients with severe and chronic pain who fail standard treatments.
abstract: Some patients with severe and chronic pain fail to obtain adequate pain relief with standard pharmacologic treatment agents, including low to moderate dosages of opioids. Understandably, physicians might not believe patients who claim that a standard opioid dosage is an ineffective treatment. These patients may be severely impaired, nonfunctional, and bedridden or housebound. To help characterize these individuals and develop treatment strategies for them, a serum hormone profile consisting of adrenocorticotropin, cortisol, pregnenolone, progesterone, dehydroepiandrosterone, and testosterone was obtained on 61 chronic pain patients who failed standard treatments; 49 patients (80.3%) demonstrated ≥ 1 hormone abnormality defined as a serum concentration or level above or below the normal range, and 7 patients (11.5%) showed a severe pituitary-adrenal-gonadal deficiency as indicated by deficient serum levels of adrenocorticotropin and ≥ 2 adrenal-gonadal hormones. Hormone serum abnormalities are biomarkers of severe, uncontrolled pain, and, in a patient who has failed standard treatment, they are an indicator that enhanced analgesia is required and that hormone replacement may be indicated.
authors.affiliation: Veract Intractable Pain Clinic , West Covina, CA , USA.
authors.forename: Forest
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Tennant
mesh_terms: D000324:Adrenocorticotropic Hormone / Q000097:blood*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers; D059350:Chronic Pain / Q000097:blood* / Q000188:drug therapy; D003687:Dehydroepiandrosterone / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011284:Pregnenolone / Q000097:blood*; D011374:Progesterone / Q000097:blood*; D013739:Testosterone / Q000097:blood*; D017211:Treatment Failure
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D013739:Testosterone; D003687:Dehydroepiandrosterone; D011374:Progesterone; D011284:Pregnenolone; D000324:Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; D006854:Hydrocortisone
keywords: failure; hormone; pain; treatment