title: Root canal obturation: experimental study on the thermafil system related to different irrigation protocols.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to stress the ability of a specific obturation technique (thermafil technique) to seal root canal system in presence or absence of smear layer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixteen monoradicular teeth, extracted for periodontal reasons, were collected for this study. All specimens were prepared with nickel-titanium rotary files, and then divided into two groups: for each group was applied a different kind of irrigation method, verifying the effectiveness in removing the smear layer, thus rendering the dentinal tubules more permeable for penetration of softened gutta-percha. Thermafil system was used to fill the root canals, and then all the specimens were observed under scanning electron microscope (SEM).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results showed that the Group which followed irrigation only with sodium hypochlorite exhibited significantly less gutta-percha tags when compared to the second Group, which was irrigated with sodium hypochlorite and EDTA.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The thermafil systems have a very good quality of compression and fluency that permit to gain a good seal of endodontic space; furthermore it allows the penetration of gutta-percha with the formation of numerous of gutta-percha tags inside the dentinal tubules above all when smear layer is reduced or eliminated.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillo-Facial Sciences, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Guido
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Migliau
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillo-Facial Sciences, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Afrah Ali Abdullah
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Sofan
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillo-Facial Sciences, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Eshrak Ali Abdullah
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Sofan
authors.affiliation: University of Perugia, Italy.
authors.forename: Salvatore
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cosma
authors.affiliation: University of Perugia, Italy.
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Eramo
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillo-Facial Sciences, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Livio
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gallottini
keywords: EDTA (Ethylene diaminetetraacetic acid); dentinal tubules; gutta-percha tags; smear layer; sodium hypochlorite; thermafil