title: Infection with the secondary tsetse-endosymbiont Sodalis glossinidius (Enterobacteriales: Enterobacteriaceae) influences parasitism in Glossina pallidipes (Diptera: Glossinidae).
abstract: The establishment of infection with three Trypanosoma spp (Gruby) (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatidae), specifically Trypanosoma brucei brucei (Plimmer and Bradford), T. b. rhodesiense (Stephen and Fatham) and T. congolense (Broden) was evaluated in Glossina pallidipes (Austen) (Diptera: Glossinidae) that either harbored or were uninfected by the endosymbiont Sodalis glossinidius (Dale and Maudlin) (Enterobacteriales: Enterobacteriaceae). Temporal variation of co-infection with T. b. rhodesiense and S. glossinidius was also assessed. The results show that both S. glossinidius infection (χ(2)= 1.134, df = 2, P = 0.567) and trypanosome infection rate (χ(2)= 1.85, df = 2, P = 0.397) were comparable across the three infection groups. A significant association was observed between the presence of S. glossinidius and concurrent trypanosome infection with T. b. rhodesiense (P = 0.0009) and T. congolense (P = 0.0074) but not with T. b. brucei (P = 0.5491). The time-series experiment revealed a slight decrease in the incidence of S. glossinidius infection with increasing fly age, which may infer a fitness cost associated with Sodalis infection. The present findings contribute to research on the feasibility of S. glossinidius-based paratransgenic approaches in tsetse and trypanosomiasis control, in particular relating to G. pallidipes control.
authors.affiliation: KARI - Trypanosomiasis Research Institute, PO Box 362, 00902 Kikuyu, Kenya f.wamwiri@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Florence N
authors.initials: FN
authors.lastname: Wamwiri
authors.affiliation: KARI - Trypanosomiasis Research Institute, PO Box 362, 00902 Kikuyu, Kenya.
authors.forename: Kariuki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ndungu
authors.affiliation: KARI - Trypanosomiasis Research Institute, PO Box 362, 00902 Kikuyu, Kenya.
authors.forename: Paul C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Thande
authors.affiliation: KARI - Trypanosomiasis Research Institute, PO Box 362, 00902 Kikuyu, Kenya.
authors.forename: Daniel K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Thungu
authors.affiliation: KARI - Trypanosomiasis Research Institute, PO Box 362, 00902 Kikuyu, Kenya.
authors.forename: Joanna E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Auma
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Egerton University, PO Box 536, 20115 Njoro, Kenya.
authors.forename: Raphael M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Ngure
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004755:Enterobacteriaceae / Q000502:physiology*; D007303:Insect Vectors / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D013045:Species Specificity; D013559:Symbiosis; D014345:Trypanosoma / Q000502:physiology*; D014346:Trypanosoma brucei brucei / Q000502:physiology; D016833:Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense / Q000502:physiology; D014348:Trypanosoma congolense / Q000502:physiology; D014370:Tsetse Flies / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000469:parasitology*
keywords: Glossina; Sodalis glossinidius; co-infection; trypanosome; vector competence