title: Functionally reciprocal mutations of the prolactin signalling pathway define hairy and slick cattle.
abstract: Lactation, hair development and homeothermy are characteristic evolutionary features that define mammals from other vertebrate species. Here we describe the discovery of two autosomal dominant mutations with antagonistic, pleiotropic effects on all three of these biological processes, mediated through the prolactin signalling pathway. Most conspicuously, mutations in prolactin (PRL) and its receptor (PRLR) have an impact on thermoregulation and hair morphology phenotypes, giving prominence to this pathway outside of its classical roles in lactation.
authors.affiliation: 1] Livestock Improvement Corporation, Cnr Ruakura and Morrinsville Roads, Newstead, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand [2] School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, 3A Symonds Street, Auckland 1010, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Mathew D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Littlejohn
authors.affiliation: School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, 3A Symonds Street, Auckland 1010, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Kristen M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Henty
authors.affiliation: Livestock Improvement Corporation, Cnr Ruakura and Morrinsville Roads, Newstead, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Kathryn
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tiplady
authors.affiliation: Livestock Improvement Corporation, Cnr Ruakura and Morrinsville Roads, Newstead, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.affiliation: Livestock Improvement Corporation, Cnr Ruakura and Morrinsville Roads, Newstead, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Chad
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Harland
authors.affiliation: Livestock Improvement Corporation, Cnr Ruakura and Morrinsville Roads, Newstead, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lopdell
authors.affiliation: Livestock Improvement Corporation, Cnr Ruakura and Morrinsville Roads, Newstead, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Richard G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Sherlock
authors.affiliation: Unit of Animal Genomics, GIGA-R, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège (B34), Liège B-4000, Belgium.
authors.forename: Wanbo
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal, Rangeland and Wildlife Sciences, Texas A&M University-Kingsville, MSC 228, Kingsville, Texas 78363-8202, USA.
authors.forename: Steven D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Lukefahr
authors.affiliation: Department of Agriculture and Environmental Science, Lincoln University, 820 Chestnut Street, Jefferson City, Missouri 65101, USA.
authors.forename: Bruce C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Shanks
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, 225 Kildee, Ames, Iowa 50011-3250, USA.
authors.forename: Dorian J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Garrick
authors.affiliation: School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, 3A Symonds Street, Auckland 1010, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Russell G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Snell
authors.affiliation: Livestock Improvement Corporation, Cnr Ruakura and Morrinsville Roads, Newstead, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Richard J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Spelman
authors.affiliation: Livestock Improvement Corporation, Cnr Ruakura and Morrinsville Roads, Newstead, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Stephen R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Davis
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D001831:Body Temperature; D001833:Body Temperature Regulation / Q000235:genetics*; D002417:Cattle; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression; D058685:Genetic Pleiotropy; D005838:Genotype; D006197:Hair / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D006706:Homeostasis; D006801:Humans; D007774:Lactation / Q000235:genetics*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation; D010641:Phenotype; D011388:Prolactin / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D011981:Receptors, Prolactin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction; D012867:Skin / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D011981:Receptors, Prolactin; D011388:Prolactin