title: A study of sports related occurrence of traumatic orodental injuries and associated risk factors in high school students in north India.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Oral and dental injuries contribute to a major part of sports related injuries in children. Trauma occurring in developing years disrupts normal social functioning and brings about a major impact on quality of life due to their cumulative effect.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess the prevalence and causes of various sports related traumatic orodental injuries among 8 to 16 year school students along with identifying the associated risk factors in North India.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross sectional study consisting of high school students of different organized sports teams aged 8-16 years was carried out in geographical area of north India. The students were selected by multistage cluster sampling methodology. 1105 students from 19 school teams (sports teams) and sports academies participated in study through structured interview and clinical examination in different sports situations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  30.3% (n = 335) of students suffered from orodental injuries. A higher number of girls had injury (32%) than boys (29%), though the difference was not significant. Most of the students suffered from soft tissue injuries (48%) followed by tooth fractures (43%). Maximum numbers of injuries were reported in high velocity (44.1%) and medium intensity sports (46.6%) (P < 0.001) Maximum injuries occurred in basketball (50%) and lowest in the field of badminton (6.1%) (P < 0.05). Amateurs (52%) suffered the most from injuries as per level of coaching. Only 6% of boys and 2% of girls used mouthguards.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The result of the present study confirmed that students participating in different organized sports at high school level are at a very high risk of getting orodental injury. Hence knowledge and education regarding prevention of traumatic injuries is of paramount importance.
authors.affiliation: M. M. College of Dental Sciences and Research, Maharishi Markandeshwar University, Mullana-Ambala, India.
authors.forename: Gundeep
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: M. M. College of Dental Sciences and Research, Maharishi Markandeshwar University, Mullana-Ambala, India ; Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, People's College of Dental Sciences, Bhanpur Road, Bhopal, India.
authors.forename: Shalini
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Garg
authors.affiliation: M. M. College of Dental Sciences and Research, Maharishi Markandeshwar University, Mullana-Ambala, India.
authors.forename: Satyawan Gangaramji
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Damle
authors.affiliation: M. M. College of Dental Sciences and Research, Maharishi Markandeshwar University, Mullana-Ambala, India.
authors.forename: Abhishek
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dhindsa
authors.affiliation: Private Practitioner, Patiala, India.
authors.forename: Ambreen
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kaur
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, People's College of Dental Sciences, Bhanpur Road, Bhopal, India.
authors.forename: Shilpy
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Singla
keywords: Athletic Injuries; Sports; Tooth Fractures