title: Adipose tissue compartments, muscle mass, muscle fat infiltration, and coronary calcium in institutionalized frail nonagenarians.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  to compare the different adipose tissue (AT) compartments, muscle mass, muscle fat infiltration, coronary calcium, as well as associations among changes in different AT compartments between frail and robust nonagenarians.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-two elderly subjects took part in this study: 29 institutionalized frail elderly (92.0 ± 8 years) and 13 robust elderly (88.2 ± 4.1 years). All patients underwent helical thoracic, abdominal and thigh computed tomography (CT). In addition, a non-enhanced prospectively ECG-triggered cardiac CT was performed to quantify the amount of coronary artery calcification and measure pericardial AT.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The robust group presented significantly greater pericardial and abdominal AT volume, as well as greater axial and appendicular muscle size and high-density muscle tissue (greater muscle quality) than the frail group (P < 0.001), whereas no differences between groups were observed in coronary calcium. There were positive correlations between pericardial AT with visceral and subcutaneous AT values, as well as between pericardial AT and quadriceps, hamstrings, psoas and paravertebral low-density muscle tissues in the frail and robust groups (r = 0.57 to 0.91,P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Robust group presented greater muscle size and quality in the axial and appendicular muscles, as well as pericardial and abdominal AT area than the frail group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  • Robust nonagenarians presented more pericardial and abdominal AT volume than frail. • Frailty is associated with lower muscle size and high-density muscle tissue. • Muscle-fat infiltration shares analogous pattern of visceral and pericardial AT distribution.
authors.affiliation: Radiology Department, Clínica San Miguel, Pamplona, Spain.
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Idoate
authors.forename: Eduardo L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Cadore
authors.forename: Alvaro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Casas-Herrero
authors.forename: Fabricio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zambom-Ferraresi
authors.forename: Teresa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Marcellán
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ruiz de Gordoa
authors.forename: Leocadio
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rodriguez-Mañas
authors.forename: Gorka
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bastarrika
authors.forename: Mário C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Marques
authors.forename: Nicolas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Martínez-Velilla
authors.forename: Davinia
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Vicente-Campos
authors.forename: Mikel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Izquierdo
mesh_terms: D050153:Abdominal Fat / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D000368:Aged; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D016330:Frail Elderly; D006321:Heart / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006801:Humans; D007326:Institutionalization; D008297:Male; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000473:pathology; D009135:Muscular Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D010496:Pericardium / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013848:Thigh; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D061205:Vascular Calcification / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*