title: Evidence to support a conspecific nature of allopatric cytological races of Anopheles nitidus (Diptera: Culicidae) in Thailand.
abstract: Metaphase karyotype investigation on two allopatric strains of Anopheles nitidus Harrison, Scanlon, and Reid (Diptera: Culicidae) was conducted in Thailand during 2011-2012. Five karyotypic forms, i.e., Form A (X1, Y1), Form B (X1, Y2), Form C (X2, Y3), Form D (X1, X3, Y4), and Form E (X1, X2, X3, Y5) were obtained from a total of 21 isofemale lines. Forms A, B, and C were confined to Phang Nga Province, southern Thailand, whereas Forms D and E were restricted to Ubon Ratchathani Province, northeastern Thailand. Cross-mating experiments among the five isofemale lines, which were representative of five karyotypic forms of An. nitidus, revealed genetic compatibility by providing viable progenies and synaptic salivary gland polytene chromosomes through F2 generations. The results suggest that the forms are conspecific, and An. nitidus comprises five cytological races. The very low intraspecific sequence variations (average genetic distances = 0.002-0.008) of the nucleotide sequences in ribosomal DNA (internal transcribed spacer 2) and mitochondrial DNA (cytochrome c oxidase subunits I and II) among the five karyotypic forms were very good supportive evidence.
authors.affiliation: Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
authors.forename: Siripan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Songsawatkiat
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology and Centre for Vectors and Vector-Borne Diseases, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand.
authors.forename: Visut
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Baimai
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Veterinary Science (Establishment Project), Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, Thailand.
authors.forename: Sorawat
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Thongsahuan
authors.affiliation: Research Center for the Pacific Islands, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8580, Japan.
authors.forename: Yasushi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Otsuka
authors.affiliation: Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
authors.forename: Kritsana
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Taai
authors.affiliation: Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
authors.forename: Chayanit
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hempolchom
authors.affiliation: Entomology Section, Queen Sirikit Botanic Garden, P.O. Box 7, Chiang Mai 50180, Thailand.
authors.forename: Wichai
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Srisuka
authors.affiliation: Office of Disease Prevention and Control No. 7, Department of Disease Control, Ministry of Public Health, Thailand, Ubon Ratchathani 34000, Thailand.
authors.forename: Petchaboon
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Poolphol
authors.affiliation: Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
authors.forename: Wej
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Choochote
authors.affiliation: Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand atiporn44@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Atiporn
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Saeung
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000852:Anopheles / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics*; D021901:DNA, Intergenic / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D003576:Electron Transport Complex IV / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D049810:Genetic Speciation; D019476:Insect Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D059785:Karyotype; D008297:Male; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010802:Phylogeny; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D059007:Polytene Chromosomes / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012469:Salivary Glands / Q000166:cytology; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D013785:Thailand
chemical_list: D021901:DNA, Intergenic; D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial; D019476:Insect Proteins; D003576:Electron Transport Complex IV
keywords: Anopheles nitidus; cross-mating experiment; metaphase karyotype; mtDNA; rDNA