title: Analysis of preoperative serum levels of MMP1, -2, and -9 in patients with site-specific head and neck squamous cell cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Head and neck squamous cell cancer (HNSCC) includes tumors of various anatomical sites sharing common etiological factors. Serum levels of MMP1, MMP2, and MMP9 were analyzed in patients with oropharyngeal, laryngeal, and hypopharyngeal carcinomas in an effort to elucidate the pathobiology and in order to find useful biomarkers of site-specific HNSCC.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study group comprised of 46 patients with HNSCC (21 with oropharyngeal, 21 with laryngeal and 4 with hypopharyngeal cancer). Serum levels of MMP1, -2, and -9 were determined by the MAGPIX multiplex method. P16 protein was detected by immunohistochemistry. Serum levels of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) were correlated with clinicopathological features of carcinomas and were compared with respect to tumor site.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significant correlations were confirmed between p16 positivity and oropharyngeal cancer, MMP1 and p16 positivity, and recurrence and smoking. Statistically significant differences in serum levels of MMPs between cancer of different locations were not found.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MMP1 expression is significantly affected by smoking habit and by p16 and might mediate etiopathogenetical process in cancerogenesis of HNSCC. Our pilot study did not establish any utility of MMP1, -2, or -9 in clinical practice as diagnostic/prognostic markers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kalfert
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic ludvikova.m@email.cz.
authors.forename: Marie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ludvikova
authors.affiliation: Central Immunoanalytical Laboratory, Faculty Hospital, Pilsen, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Ondrej
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Topolcan
authors.affiliation: Central Immunoanalytical Laboratory, Faculty Hospital, Pilsen, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Jindra
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Windrichova
authors.affiliation: Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Malirova
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pesta
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Petr
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Celakovsky
mesh_terms: D000437:Alcoholism; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000097:blood*; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000097:blood*; D019941:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16 / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D007012:Hypopharyngeal Neoplasms / Q000097:blood; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007822:Laryngeal Neoplasms / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D020781:Matrix Metalloproteinase 1 / Q000097:blood*; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 / Q000097:blood*; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000097:blood*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D009959:Oropharyngeal Neoplasms / Q000097:blood; D010865:Pilot Projects; D057234:Preoperative Period; D011379:Prognosis; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects; D000077195:Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D019941:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16; C522361:MMP2 protein, human; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2; C579270:MMP9 protein, human; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9; C522360:MMP1 protein, human; D020781:Matrix Metalloproteinase 1
keywords: MMP1; MMP2; MMP9; head and neck squamous cell carcinoma; hypopharyngeal cancer; laryngeal; oropharyngeal; serum tumor marker