title: Renoprotective effect of aliskiren on renal ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats: electron microscopy and molecular study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the protective effect of aliskiren on ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in a rat renal (I/R) model.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rats were randomly divided into five groups: sham control group; sham control with aliskiren pretreatment; I/R group and I/R with two doses of aliskiren pretreatment. Rats were unilaterally nephrectomized and subjected to 45 min of renal pedicle occlusion followed by 24 h reperfusion. Aliskiren (50 and 100 mg/kg) was administered orally by gavage 24 and 1 h prior to ischemia. After 24 h reperfusion, kidney samples were taken for the determination of malondialdehyde (MDA) level, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH) activity and histological evaluation. The level of serum creatinine (SCR) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN), renin and angiotensin II (AT-2) was measured in serum samples.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Kidneys from I/R groups showed significant increase in MDA level and significant decrease in GSH, and SOD activity. IL-1β, iNOS and NFkB gene expression significantly increased in the I/R groups in the rat kidney tissue. Aliskiren treatment showed a significant down-regulatory effect on IL-1β, iNOS and NFkB mRNA expression. Compared with the sham group, SCR and BUN, renin and AT-2 were significantly increased in the I/R rats, accompanied by histopathological damage to the kidney.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pretreatment with aliskiren ameliorated I/R-induced renal injury through decreasing nitric oxide and AT-2 levels and by the reduction of injury induced by I/R injury and ameliorated renal histopathological molecular and biochemical changes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University , Erzurum , Turkey .
authors.forename: Tevfik
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ziypak
authors.forename: Zekai
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Halici
authors.forename: Erdal
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Alkan
authors.forename: Erol
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Akpinar
authors.forename: Beyzagul
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Polat
authors.forename: Senol
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Adanur
authors.forename: Elif
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cadirci
authors.forename: Irmak
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ferah
authors.forename: Yasin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Bayir
authors.forename: Emre
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Karakus
authors.forename: Tolga
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mercantepe
mesh_terms: D000577:Amides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000804:Angiotensin II / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D005650:Fumarates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007668:Kidney / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D008854:Microscopy, Electron / Q000379:methods; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D020011:Protective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012083:Renin / Q000097:blood; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D000092502:Renin Inhibitors
chemical_list: D000577:Amides; D000804:Angiotensin II; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D003404:Creatinine; D005650:Fumarates; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D020011:Protective Agents; D012083:Renin; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D000092502:Renin Inhibitors; C446481:aliskiren
keywords: Aliskiren; antioxidant; ischemia/reperfusion; rat; renin