title: Prediction of vertebral failure load by using x-ray vector radiographic imaging.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine whether x-ray vector radiographic (XVR) parameters could predict the biomechanically determined vertebral failure load.
  
  
  METHODS
  Local institutional review boards approved the study and donors provided written informed consent before death. Twelve thoracic vertebral bodies were removed from three human cadavers and embedded in resin. XVR measurements were performed by using a Talbot-Lau grating interferometer with the beam direction in anterior-posterior and lateral direction. The mean anisotropy and the mean local average scattering power were calculated for a region of interest within each vertebra. Trabecular bone mineral density (BMD) was determined in each vertebra by using a clinical multidetector computed tomographic scanner. Failure load of the vertebral bodies was determined from destructive biomechanical tests. Statistical analyses were performed with statistical software with a two-sided Pvalue of .05 to calculate Pearson correlation coefficients and multiple regression model.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Statistically significant correlations (P < .05) for failure load with XVR parameters in the lateral direction (r = -0.84 and 0.68 for anisotropy and local average scattering power, respectively) and for failure load and anisotropy in anteroposterior direction (r = -0.65) were found. A multiple regression model showed that the combination of the local average scattering power in lateral direction and BMD predicted failure load significantly better than BMD alone (adjusted R = 0.88 compared with 0.78, respectively; P < .001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study results imply that XVR can improve the prediction of osteoporosis.
authors.affiliation: From the Lehrstuhl für Biomedizinische Physik, Physik-Department & Institut für Medizintechnik, Technische Universität München, Boltzmannstr 11, 85748 Garching, Germany (E.E., A.M., F.S., G.P., T.B., F.P.); Department of Radiology (P.B.N., J.S.B., O.G., E.G.G., E.J.R., T.B.), Department of Orthopaedic Surgery (E.G.G., R.B.), and Section of Neuroradiology (J.S.B.), Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Eggl
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Malecki
authors.forename: Florian
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Schaff
authors.forename: Guillaume
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Potdevin
authors.forename: Peter B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Noël
authors.forename: Jan S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Bauer
authors.forename: Olga
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Gordijenko
authors.forename: Eduardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Grande García
authors.forename: Rainer
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Burgkart
authors.forename: Ernst J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Rummeny
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Baum
authors.forename: Franz
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pfeiffer
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D002102:Cadaver; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D013904:Thoracic Vertebrae / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000293:injuries*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D016474:Weight-Bearing