title: The effects of religion and spirituality on postoperative pain, hemodynamic functioning and anxiety after cesarean section.
abstract: Spiritual elements play an important role in the recovery process from acute postoperative pain. This study was conducted to assess the effect of pray meditation on postoperative pain reduction and physiologic responds among muslim patients who underwent cesarean surgery under spinal anesthesia. This double-blinded randomized clinical trial study was conducted among muslim patients who underwent cesarean surgery under spinal anesthesia during 2011-2013 at tertiary regional and teaching hospital in Lorestan, Iran. The patients were randomly divided into interventional group (n=80) and control group (n=80). For about 20 minutes using a disposable phone mentioned and listened to pray meditation "Ya man esmoho davaa va zekroho shafa, Allahomma salle ala mohammad va ale mohammad" in interventional group and phone off in control group. Before and during pray meditation, 30, 60 minutes, 3 and 6 hours after pray meditation pain intensity, blood pressure, heart rate and respiratory rate were measured. No statistically significant improvement in pain score was found before and during pray meditation, 30, 60 minutes after pray meditation (P>0.05). Statistically significant improvement in pain score was found at 3 and 6 hours after pray meditation than control group (1.5 ± 0.3 vs. 3 ± 1.3, P=0.030) and (1.3 ± 0.8 vs. 3 ± 1.1, P=0.003). However, there was no significant difference in the physiological responses (systolic and diastolic blood pressure, respiration, and heart rate) any time between the groups. Religion and spirituality intervention such as pray meditation could be used as one of non-pharmacological pain management techniques for reducing pain after cesarean surgery. Also, Pray meditation provides less postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) and more relaxation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Shohadaye Ashayer Hospital, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Lorestan, Iran. beiranvandsiavash@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Siavash
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Beiranvand
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. beiranvandsiavash@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Morteza
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Noparast
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Asali Hospital, Lorestan, Iran. beiranvandsiavash@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Nasrin
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Eslamizade
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing, Tamin Ejtemaee Hospital, Lorestan, Iran. beiranvandsiavash@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Saeed
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Saeedikia
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000775:Anesthesia, Spinal / Q000379:methods; D001007:Anxiety / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D002585:Cesarean Section / Q000523:psychology*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007492:Iran / Q000453:epidemiology; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D020250:Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D011247:Pregnancy; D011446:Prospective Studies; D029181:Spirituality; D055815:Young Adult