title: Glycated peptides are associated with the variability of endothelial dysfunction in the cerebral vessels and the kidney in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients: a cross-sectional study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Diabetic atherosclerosis and microangiopathy parallel diabetic nephropathy. The aim of our study was to evaluate the pattern of endothelial dysfunction in two vascular territories, the kidney and the brain, both affected by diabetic vasculopathic complications. The endothelial variability was evaluated in relation to advanced glycation end-products modified peptides.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and 11 healthy subjects were assessed concerning urine albumin: creatinine ratio, plasma and urinary advanced glycation end-products, plasma asymmetric dimethyl-arginine, serum cystatin C, intima-media thickness in the common carotid arteries, the pulsatility index, the resistance index in the internal carotid arteries and the middle cerebral arteries, the cerebrovascular reactivity through the breath-holding test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The breath-holding index correlated with asymmetric dimethyl-arginine (R²=0.151; p<0.001), plasma advanced glycation end-products (R²=0.173; p<0.001), C-reactive protein (R²=0.587; p<0.001), duration of diabetes mellitus (R²=0.146; p=0.001), cystatin C (R²=0.220; p<0.001), estimated glomerular filtration rate (R²=0.237; p=0.001). Urine albumin: creatinine ratio correlated with urinary advanced glycation end-products (R²=0.257; p<0.001), but not with asymmetric dimethyl-arginine (R²=0.029; p=0.147).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In type 2 diabetic patients endothelial dysfunction in the cerebral vessels appears to be dissociated from glomerular endothelial dysfunction in early diabetic nephropathy. Advanced glycation end-products could impact both the cerebral vessels and the glomerular endothelium.
authors.affiliation: "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania; Department of Nephrology, County Emergency Hospital, Timisoara, Romania. Electronic address: ligia_petrica@yahoo.co.uk.
authors.forename: Ligia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Petrica
authors.affiliation: "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania; Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, County Emergency Hospital, Timisoara, Romania. Electronic address: vladrian@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Adrian
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vlad
authors.affiliation: "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania; Department of Nephrology, County Emergency Hospital, Timisoara, Romania. Electronic address: ggluhovschi@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Gheorghe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gluhovschi
authors.affiliation: "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania; Department of Nephrology, County Emergency Hospital, Timisoara, Romania. Electronic address: fnnicorici@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Florica
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gadalean
authors.affiliation: "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania; Department of Pharmacology, County Emergency Hospital, Clinical Laboratory, Timisoara, Romania. Electronic address: vicdumi@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Victor
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Dumitrascu
authors.affiliation: "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania; Department of Pharmacology, County Emergency Hospital, Clinical Laboratory, Timisoara, Romania. Electronic address: dalivlad@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Daliborca
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Vlad
authors.affiliation: "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania; Clinical Laboratory, Department of Cellular Biology, County Emergency Hospital, Timisoara, Romania. Electronic address: popescurxn@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Roxana
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Popescu
authors.affiliation: "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania; Department of Nephrology, County Emergency Hospital, Timisoara, Romania. Electronic address: s_velciov@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Velciov
authors.affiliation: "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania; Department of Nephrology, County Emergency Hospital, Timisoara, Romania. Electronic address: gluh@umft.ro.
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gluhovschi
authors.affiliation: "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania; Department of Nephrology, County Emergency Hospital, Timisoara, Romania. Electronic address: flaviu_bob@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Flaviu
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bob
authors.affiliation: "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania; Department of Public Health Medicine, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania. Electronic address: sursoniu@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Sorin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ursoniu
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, County Emergency Hospital, Timisoara, Romania. Electronic address: maximpetrica54@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Maxim
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Petrica
authors.affiliation: "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania; Department of Neurology, County Emergency Hospital, Timisoara, Romania. Electronic address: dcjianu@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Dragos Catalin
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Jianu
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000419:Albuminuria / Q000209:etiology; D001120:Arginine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000097:blood; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D062485:Breath Holding; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications*; D003925:Diabetic Angiopathies / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000652:urine; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000652:urine; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000652:urine; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000098:blood supply / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010044:Outpatient Clinics, Hospital; D012383:Romania; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D020293:Vasculitis, Central Nervous System / Q000150:complications* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000652:urine
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced; C018524:N,N-dimethylarginine; D001120:Arginine
keywords: Brain; Diabetes mellitus; Endothelium; Glycated peptides; Kidney