title: Bud structure, position and fate generate various branching patterns along shoots of closely related Rosaceae species: a review.
abstract: Branching in temperate plants is closely linked to bud fates, either floral or vegetative. Here, we review how the fate of meristematic tissues contained in buds and their position along a shoot imprint specific branching patterns which differ among species. Through examples chosen in closely related species in different genera of the Rosaceae family, a panorama of patterns is apparent. Patterns depend on whether vegetative and floral buds are borne individually or together in mixed buds, develop as the shoot grows or after a rest period, and are located in axillary or terminal positions along the parent shoot. The resulting branching patterns are conserved among varieties in a given species but progressively change with the parent shoot length during plant ontogeny. They can also be modulated by agronomic and environmental conditions. The existence of various organizations in the topology and fate of meristematic tissues and their appendages in closely related species questions the between-species conservation of physiological and molecular mechanisms leading to bud outgrowth vs. quiescence and to floral induction vs. vegetative development.
authors.affiliation: INRA, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1334, Amélioration Génétique et Adaptation des Plantes Méditerranéennes et Tropicales Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement-INRA-Montpellier SupAgro, Architecture et Fonctionnement des Espèces Fruitières Team Montpellier, France.
authors.forename: Evelyne
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Costes
authors.affiliation: Agrocampus Ouest, Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences INRA-Agro Campus Ouest-Université d'Angers Angers, France.
authors.forename: Laurent
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Crespel
authors.affiliation: INRA, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1332, Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, Université de Bordeaux-INRA Villenave d'Ornon, France.
authors.forename: Béatrice
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Denoyes
authors.affiliation: INRA, Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, INRA-Agro Campus Ouest-Université d'Angers Beaucouzé, France.
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Morel
authors.affiliation: Invenio Douville, France.
authors.forename: Marie-Noëlle
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Demene
authors.affiliation: INRA, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1334, Amélioration Génétique et Adaptation des Plantes Méditerranéennes et Tropicales Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement-INRA-Montpellier SupAgro, Architecture et Fonctionnement des Espèces Fruitières Team Montpellier, France.
authors.forename: Pierre-Eric
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Lauri
authors.affiliation: INRA, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1332, Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, Université de Bordeaux-INRA Villenave d'Ornon, France.
authors.forename: Bénédicte
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wenden
keywords: SAM determinacy; SAM identity; flowering; growth phases; plant architecture; vegetative development