title: In vitro and in vivo control of Alternaria alternata in cherry tomato by essential oil from Laurus nobilis of Chinese origin.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Many essential oils were reported to be used as natural, environmental friendly antimicrobial agents. The antifungal activity in vitro and in vivo of an essential oil extracted from Chinese local Laurus nobilis leaves against Alternaria alternata has been studied.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The main components of the essential oil were investigated by means of gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and 14 components were identified. The main ones were eugenol, caryophyllene and cinnamaldehyde. The antifungal test showed that at 800 μg mL−1 of L. nobilis oil completely inhibited the growth of A. alternata. In addition, the conidial germination of the pathogen was significantly inhibited at 200 μgmL−1, and the weight of mycelia efficiently decreased at 500 μgmL−1. The in vivo assay indicated that 500 μg mL−1 L. nobilis oil was effective in protecting cherry tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum)from infection of A. alternata, with an inhibition ratio of 33.9%. Scanning electron microscopy observations of the pathogen revealed significant morphological alterations in the hyphae.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This work suggested that L. nobilis oil could be used as a potential fungicide to control the post-harvest disease caused by A. alternata.
authors.forename: Shixiang
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Fujie
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.forename: Zhendan
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Ni
authors.forename: Qianru
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Xiaodong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zheng
mesh_terms: D000528:Alternaria / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D005519:Food Preservation; D005638:Fruit / Q000382:microbiology*; D005659:Fungicides, Industrial / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D025301:Hyphae / Q000502:physiology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D027442:Laurus / Q000737:chemistry*; D018551:Solanum lycopersicum / Q000382:microbiology*; D009822:Oils, Volatile / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013172:Spores, Fungal / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D005659:Fungicides, Industrial; D009822:Oils, Volatile