title: Incorporation of chitosan in biomimetic gelatin/chondroitin-6-sulfate/hyaluronan cryogel for cartilage tissue engineering.
abstract: We prepare an elastic macroporous gelatin/chondoitin-6-sulfate/hyaluronan (GCH) cryogel scaffold mimic the composition of cartilage extracellular matrix for cartilage tissue engineering. By incorporating chitosan in the cryogel to replace 20% gelatin, a GCH-chitosan cryogel was also synthesized and compared with GCH cryogel for scaffold mechanical properties and chondrocytes response. The GCH-chitosan cryogel has larger pores, higher ultimate strain (stress) and elastic modulus, and lower stress relaxation percentage than the GCH cryogel. Both cryogels show a highly elastic property with a loss tangent around 0.1, but chitosan incorporation increases the storage modulus (elasticity). Chondrocytes proliferate and redifferentiate in cryogels; chitosan diminishes cell proliferation but up-regulates glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and type II collagen (COL II) secretion. Implantation of a chondrocytes/GCH-chitosan cryogel construct in a full-thickness articular cartilage defect regenerates cartilage with positive stainings for GAGs and COL II and an elastic modulus similar to the native cartilage.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Chang Gung University, Kwei-San, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: Chang-Yi
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Kuo
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Chang Gung University, Kwei-San, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan, ROC; Craniofacial Research Center, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Kwei-San, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: Chih-Hao
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Industry of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Kwei-San, Tao-Yuan 333, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: Chien-Yu
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Hsiao
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Chang Gung University, Kwei-San, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan, ROC; Research Center for Industry of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Kwei-San, Tao-Yuan 333, Taiwan, ROC. Electronic address: jpchen@mail.cgu.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Jyh-Ping
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D040761:Biomimetic Materials / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002358:Cartilage, Articular / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002809:Chondroitin Sulfates / Q000737:chemistry*; D059985:Cryogels / Q000737:chemistry*; D004548:Elasticity; D005780:Gelatin / Q000737:chemistry*; D006025:Glycosaminoglycans / Q000378:metabolism; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid / Q000737:chemistry*; D016062:Porosity; D011817:Rabbits; D023822:Tissue Engineering; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D059985:Cryogels; D006025:Glycosaminoglycans; D005780:Gelatin; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid; D002809:Chondroitin Sulfates
keywords: Cartilage tissue engineering; Chitosan; Chondroitin sulfate; Cryogel; Gelatin; Hyaluronan