title: Multi-mycotoxin Analysis of Finished Grain and Nut Products Using Ultrahigh-Performance Liquid Chromatography and Positive Electrospray Ionization-Quadrupole Orbital Ion Trap High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry.
abstract: Ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography using positive electrospray ionization and quadrupole orbital ion trap high-resolution mass spectrometry was evaluated for analyzing mycotoxins in finished cereal and nut products. Optimizing the orbital ion trap mass analyzer in full-scan mode using mycotoxin-fortified matrix extracts gave mass accuracies, δM, of < ± 2.0 ppm at 70,000 full width at half maximum (FWHM) mass resolution (RFWHM). The limits of quantitation were matrix- and mycotoxin-dependent, ranging from 0.02 to 11.6 μg/kg. Mean recoveries and standard deviations for mycotoxins from acetonitrile/water extraction at their relevant fortification levels were 91 ± 10, 94 ± 10, 98 ± 12, 91 ± 13, 99 ± 15, and 93 ± 17% for corn, rice, wheat, almond, peanut, and pistachio, respectively. Nineteen mycotoxins with concentrations ranging from 0.3 (aflatoxin B1 in peanut and almond) to 1175 μg/kg (fumonisin B1 in corn flour) were found in 35 of the 70 commercial grain and nut samples surveyed. Mycotoxins could be identified at δM < ± 5 ppm by identifying the precursor and product ions in full-scan MS and data-dependent MS/MS modes. This method demonstrates a new analytical approach for monitoring mycotoxins in finished grain and nut products.
authors.affiliation: Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration , 5100 Paint Branch Parkway, College Park, Maryland 20740-3835, United States.|Food and Drug Administration, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taiwan , No. 161-2, Kunyang Street, Nangang District, Taipei City 115, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chia-Ding
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Liao
authors.affiliation: Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration , 5100 Paint Branch Parkway, College Park, Maryland 20740-3835, United States.
authors.forename: Jon W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.affiliation: Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration , 5100 Paint Branch Parkway, College Park, Maryland 20740-3835, United States.
authors.forename: Kai
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Laboratory Services Branch, Ontario Ministry of the Environment , 125 Resources Road, Etobicoke, Ontario M9P 3V6, Canada.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration , 5100 Paint Branch Parkway, College Park, Maryland 20740-3835, United States.
authors.forename: James B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Wittenberg
authors.affiliation: Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration , 5100 Paint Branch Parkway, College Park, Maryland 20740-3835, United States.
authors.forename: Mary W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Trucksess
authors.affiliation: Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration , 5100 Paint Branch Parkway, College Park, Maryland 20740-3835, United States.
authors.forename: Douglas G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Hayward
authors.affiliation: Joint Institute for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, University of Maryland , 2134 Patapsco Building, College Park, Maryland 20742-6730, United States.
authors.forename: Nathaniel S
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: ThermoFisher Scientific , 355 River Oaks Parkway, San Jose, California 95134-1908, United States.
authors.forename: James S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Chang
mesh_terms: D000348:Aflatoxins / Q000032:analysis; D010367:Arachis / Q000737:chemistry; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D002523:Edible Grain / Q000737:chemistry*; D004876:Ergot Alkaloids / Q000032:analysis; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis*; D037341:Fumonisins / Q000032:analysis; D009183:Mycotoxins / Q000032:analysis*; D009754:Nuts / Q000737:chemistry*; D009793:Ochratoxins / Q000032:analysis; D000068181:Prunus dulcis / Q000737:chemistry; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization / Q000379:methods*; D014255:Trichothecenes / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D000348:Aflatoxins; D004876:Ergot Alkaloids; D037341:Fumonisins; D009183:Mycotoxins; D009793:Ochratoxins; D014255:Trichothecenes
keywords: finished cereal and nut products; multi-mycotoxin analysis; ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole orbital ion trap high-resolution mass spectrometry