title: Candidin and trichophytin stimulate the production of Th1 and regulatory cytokines by peripheral blood mononuclear cells: implication for their use as adjuvants in immunotherapy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study's objective was to investigate whether candidin or trichophytin elicit recall immune responses that could potentially inhibit a Th2 response.
  
  
  METHODS
  Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from nine allergic and seven nonallergic individuals were cultivated in vitro in the presence or absence of these fungal extracts.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Trichophytin or candidin, or both, stimulated the production of regulatory cytokines (TGF-β and/or IL-10), accompanied or not by stimulation of production of cytokines associated with the Th1 response (TNF-α, IL-12 and IFN-γ), but without stimulation of Th2 cytokines (IL-5 and IL-13) and IL-17, by peripheral blood mononuclear cells of most allergic and nonallergic individuals.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results indicate that these fungal extracts could be used as adjuvants in personalized therapeutic vaccines in a fair proportion of individuals. In addition, they justify the carrying out of investigations aimed at identifying molecules in these extracts that might exclusively induce Treg and/or Th1 immune responses.
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Departamento de Biointeração, Laboratório de Alergia e Acarologia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Avenida Reitor Miguel Calmon, s/n, 40110-902 Canela, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ana Lúcia
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Moreno Amor
authors.forename: Leonardo Nascimento
authors.initials: LN
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.forename: Alana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Alcântara Galvão
authors.forename: Emília Maria
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Medeiros de Andrade Belitardo
authors.forename: Eduardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Santos Silva
authors.forename: Neuza Maria
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Alcântara-Neves
authors.forename: Lain
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pontes-de-Carvalho
mesh_terms: D000277:Adjuvants, Pharmaceutic / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000328:Adult; D000485:Allergens / Q000276:immunology; D000818:Animals; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003058:Cockroaches; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006967:Hypersensitivity / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy*; D056747:Immunomodulation; D007167:Immunotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D019476:Insect Proteins / Q000276:immunology; D018942:Macrolides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D008925:Mites; D057285:Precision Medicine; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D018418:Th2 Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D014248:Trichophytin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000277:Adjuvants, Pharmaceutic; D000485:Allergens; D016207:Cytokines; D019476:Insect Proteins; D018942:Macrolides; D014248:Trichophytin; C010428:candidin
keywords: candidin; cytokine; immune response; immunotherapy; trichophytin