title: Antimutagenic effects of aqueous fraction of Myristica fragrans (Houtt.) leaves on Salmonella typhimurium and Mus musculus.
abstract: Natural plant extracts offer a promising hope in the prevention/treatment of cancer arising from genetic mutations. This study evaluated in vitro and in vivo mutagenic and antimutagenic effects of aqueous fraction of Myristica fragrans (AFMF) leaves on TA100 strain of Salmonella typhimurium and Mus musculus (Male Swiss albino mice), respectively. The antioxidant activity of AFMF against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), total phenolic and flavonoid contents were determined, followed by its phytochemical elucidation using the Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography technique (UPLC). The mutagenicity of AFMF at 4, 20, 50, 100, 200, 500, and 1000 µg/well was <2.0 in S. typhimurium and the induced micronucleated polychromatic and normochromatic erythrocytes at 500, 1000, 2000, and 4000 mg/kg were not significantly different from the negative control (p≥0.05). The mutagenic activity of benzo[a]pyrene and cyclophosphamide was significantly suppressed above 50.0% throughout the tested concentrations. Fifty percent of the free radicals from DPPH were scavenged by AFMF at 0.11 mg/ml. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents of AFMF were 51.0 mg GAE/g and 27 mg QE/g, respectively. Rutin was elucidated by the UPLC technique, and thereby suspected to be the phytochemical responsible for the observed antimutagenic activity. Thus far, AFMF seems to contain a promising chemotherapeutic agent for the prevention of genetic damage that is crucial for cancer development.
authors.affiliation: School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia and Department of Pure and Applied Biology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, P.M.B.4000, Oyo State, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Akeem
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Akinboro
authors.affiliation: School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Kamaruzaman
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bin Mohamed
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Pula Pinang, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Mohd Zaini
authors.initials: MZ
authors.lastname: Asmawi
authors.affiliation: Department of Pure and Applied Biology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, P.M.B.4000, Oyo State, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Taofeek A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Yekeen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016587:Antimutagenic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001580:Benzopyrenes / Q000494:pharmacology; D003520:Cyclophosphamide / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D026323:Myristica / Q000737:chemistry*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry*; D012486:Salmonella typhimurium / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D016587:Antimutagenic Agents; D001580:Benzopyrenes; D010936:Plant Extracts; D003520:Cyclophosphamide