title: Transcriptome analysis of carbohydrate metabolism during bulblet formation and development in Lilium davidii var. unicolor.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The formation and development of bulblets are crucial to the Lilium genus since these processes are closely related to carbohydrate metabolism, especially to starch and sucrose metabolism. However, little is known about the transcriptional regulation of both processes. To gain insight into carbohydrate-related genes involved in bulblet formation and development, we conducted comparative transcriptome profiling of Lilium davidii var. unicolor bulblets at 0 d, 15 d (bulblets emerged) and 35 d (bulblets formed a basic shape with three or four scales) after scale propagation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Analysis of the transcriptome revealed that a total of 52,901 unigenes with an average sequence size of 630 bp were generated. Based on Clusters of Orthologous Groups (COG) analysis, 8% of the sequences were attributed to carbohydrate transport and metabolism. The results of KEGG pathway enrichment analysis showed that starch and sucrose metabolism constituted the predominant pathway among the three library pairs. The starch content in mother scales and bulblets decreased and increased, respectively, with almost the same trend as sucrose content. Gene expression analysis of the key enzymes in starch and sucrose metabolism suggested that sucrose synthase (SuSy) and invertase (INV), mainly hydrolyzing sucrose, presented higher gene expression in mother scales and bulblets at stages of bulblet appearance and enlargement, while sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) showed higher expression in bulblets at morphogenesis. The enzymes involved in the starch synthetic direction such as ADPG pyrophosphorylase (AGPase), soluble starch synthase (SSS), starch branching enzyme (SBE) and granule-bound starch synthase (GBSS) showed a decreasing trend in mother scales and higher gene expression in bulblets at bulblet appearance and enlargement stages while the enzyme in the cleavage direction, starch de-branching enzyme (SDBE), showed higher gene expression in mother scales than in bulblets.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  An extensive transcriptome analysis of three bulblet development stages contributes considerable novel information to our understanding of carbohydrate metabolism-related genes in Lilium at the transcriptional level, and demonstrates the fundamentality of carbohydrate metabolism in bulblet emergence and development at the molecular level. This could facilitate further investigation into the molecular mechanisms underlying these processes in lily and other related species.
authors.forename: XueYan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: ChunXia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: JinYun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Jaime A Teixeira
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: da Silva
authors.forename: XiaoYu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Duan
authors.forename: TianLai
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: HongMei
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sun
mesh_terms: D050260:Carbohydrate Metabolism; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D059014:High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing; D027762:Lilium / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D059467:Transcriptome
chemical_list: D010940:Plant Proteins