title: Diet and glycaemia: the markers and their meaning. A report of the Unilever Nutrition Workshop.
abstract: Consumption of carbohydrate-containing foods leads to transient postprandial rises in blood glucose concentrations that vary between food types. Higher postprandial glycaemic exposures have particularly been implicated in the development of chronic cardiometabolic diseases. Reducing such diet-related exposures may be beneficial not only for diabetic patients but also for the general population. A variety of markers have been used to track different aspects of glycaemic exposures, with most of the relevant knowledge derived from diabetic patients. The assessment of glycaemic exposures among the non-diabetic population may require other, more sensitive markers. The present report summarises key messages of presentations and related discussions from a workshop organised by Unilever intended to consider currently applied markers of glycaemic exposure. The particular focus of the meeting was to identify the potential applicability of glycaemic exposure markers for studying dietary effects in the non-diabetic population. Workshop participants concluded that markers of glycaemic exposures are sparsely used in intervention studies among non-diabetic populations. Continuous glucose monitoring remains the optimal approach to directly assess glycaemic exposure. Markers of glycaemic exposure such as glycated Hb, fructosamine, glycated albumin, 1,5-anhydroglucitol and advanced glycation end products can be preferred dependent on the aspect of interest (period of exposure and glucose variability). For all the markers of glycaemia, the responsiveness to interventions will probably be smaller among the non-diabetic than among the diabetic population. Further validation and acceptance of existing glycaemic exposure markers applied among the non-diabetic population would aid food innovation and better design of dietary interventions targeting glycaemic exposure.
authors.affiliation: Unilever R&D,Olivier van Noortlaan 120,Vlaardingen,The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Marjan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Alssema
authors.affiliation: Unilever R&D,Olivier van Noortlaan 120,Vlaardingen,The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Hanny M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Boers
authors.affiliation: Insititut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS),Barcelona,Spain.
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ceriello
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Biochemistry,Hull York Medical School,Hull,UK.
authors.forename: Eric S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Kilpatrick
authors.affiliation: Unilever R&D,Olivier van Noortlaan 120,Vlaardingen,The Netherlands.
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Mela
authors.affiliation: Center for Medical Biomics, University Medical Center Groningen,Groningen,The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Marion G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Priebe
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Biology,NUTRIM School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center,Maastricht,The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Schrauwen
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology,University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen,Groningen,The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Bruce H
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Wolffenbuttel
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology,Diabetes and Nutrition, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin,Berlin,Germany.
authors.forename: Andreas F H
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Pfeiffer
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D035843:Biomedical Research; D003226:Congresses as Topic; D004032:Diet / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D005511:Food Handling; D000067940:Glycemic Load; D006801:Humans; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control; D012107:Research Design
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates
keywords: Diet; Fructosamine; Glycaemia; Glycated Hb