title: Nanocomposite bone scaffolds based on biodegradable polymers and hydroxyapatite.
abstract: In tissue engineering, development of an osteoconductive construct that integrates with host tissue remains a challenge. In this work, the effect of bone-like minerals on maturation of pre-osteoblast cells was investigated using polymer-mineral scaffolds composed of poly(propylene fumarate)-co-poly(caprolactone) (PPF-co-PCL) and nano-sized hydroxyapatite (HA). The HA of varying concentrations was added to an injectable formulation of PPF-co-PCL and the change in thermal and mechanical properties of the scaffolds was evaluated. No change in onset of degradation temperature was observed due to the addition of HA, however compressive and tensile moduli of copolymer changed significantly when HA amounts were increased in composite formulation. The change in mechanical properties of copolymer was found to correlate well to HA concentration in the constructs. Electron microscopy revealed mineral nucleation and a change in surface morphology and the presence of calcium and phosphate on surfaces was confirmed using energy dispersive X-ray analysis. To characterize the effect of mineral on attachment and maturation of pre-osteoblasts, W20-17 cells were seeded on HA/copolymer composites. We demonstrated that cells attached more to the surface of HA containing copolymers and their proliferation rate was significantly increased. Thus, these findings suggest that HA/PPF-co-PCL composite scaffolds are capable of inducing maturation of pre-osteoblasts and have the potential for use as scaffold in bone tissue engineering.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, 55905.|Department of Traumatology and Sports Injuries, University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Müllner Hauptstr, 48, Salzburg, 5020, Austria.
authors.forename: Johannes
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Becker
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, 55905.
authors.forename: Lichun
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, 55905.
authors.forename: M Brett
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Runge
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, 55905.
authors.forename: Heng
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zeng
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, 55905.
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Yaszemski
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, 55905.
authors.forename: Mahrokh
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dadsetan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D001842:Bone and Bones; D002460:Cell Line; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D024042:Collagen Type I / Q000378:metabolism; D017886:Durapatite; D008422:Materials Testing; D053761:Nanocomposites; D011108:Polymers; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D024042:Collagen Type I; D011108:Polymers; D017886:Durapatite
keywords: PPF-co-PCL; bone tissue engineering; hydroxyapatite; osteoblasts; osteoconductive