title: Characterization and effect of year of harvest on the nutritional properties of three varieties of white lupine (Lupinus albus L.).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Three cultivars of Lupinus albus L. (Lutteur, Lublanca and Multitalia) were assessed for proximate composition, fatty acids, alkaloids and in vitro fermentation characteristics over three harvest years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The chemical composition varied greatly during the three harvest years. Crude protein content ranged from 353 to 456 g kg(-1) dry matter (DM), neutral detergent fiber content from 209 to 321 g kg(-1) DM and lignin content from 3.0 to 63.9 g kg(-1) DM. Lublanc showed the highest crude protein (417 g kg(-1) DM) and lignin (35 g kg(-1) DM) contents. High levels of lipids (89.9 g kg(-1) DM) and starch (93.3 g kg(-1) DM) were found in all samples. Alkaloid content ranged from 3.63 to 165 mg per 100 g. Lutteur and Lublanc showed more favorable n-3/n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid ratios (from 0.44 to 0.73) and lower values of the anti-quality factor 'erucic acid' (from 5.8 to 20.9 g kg(-1) ) than Multitalia. Lutteur showed higher degradability (897 g kg(-1) ), gas production (330 mL g(-1) organic matter (OM)) and volatile fatty acid production (117 mmol g(-1) OM) than the other varieties.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present data suggest L. albus L. cv. Lutteur to be a promising crop as food thanks to its high nutritive traits and most constant yield over time.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Napoli Federico II, Via F. Delpino n. 1, I-80137, Napoli, Italy.
authors.forename: Serena
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Calabrò
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Napoli Federico II, Via F. Delpino n. 1, I-80137, Napoli, Italy.
authors.forename: Monica I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Cutrignelli
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Polo Universitario Annunziata, I-98168, Messina, Italy.
authors.forename: Vittorio
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Lo Presti
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Napoli Federico II, Via F. Delpino n. 1, I-80137, Napoli, Italy.
authors.forename: Raffaella
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tudisco
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Polo Universitario Annunziata, I-98168, Messina, Italy.
authors.forename: Vincenzo
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Chiofalo
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Napoli Federico II, Via F. Delpino n. 1, I-80137, Napoli, Italy.
authors.forename: Micaela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Grossi
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Napoli Federico II, Via F. Delpino n. 1, I-80137, Napoli, Italy.
authors.forename: Federico
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Infascelli
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Polo Universitario Annunziata, I-98168, Messina, Italy.
authors.forename: Biagina
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Chiofalo
mesh_terms: D000470:Alkaloids / Q000032:analysis; D018533:Biomass; D004032:Diet; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000032:analysis; D004043:Dietary Fiber / Q000032:analysis; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D004883:Erucic Acids / Q000032:analysis; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D008031:Lignin / Q000032:analysis; D031297:Lupinus / Q000737:chemistry*; D009753:Nutritive Value; D013045:Species Specificity; D013213:Starch / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D000470:Alkaloids; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D004043:Dietary Fiber; D004044:Dietary Proteins; D004883:Erucic Acids; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; C049811:erucic acid; D013213:Starch; D008031:Lignin
keywords: alkaloid; chemical composition; digestibility; fatty acids; in vitro gas production; nutritional index