title: Evaluation of pediatric VCUG at an academic children's hospital: is the radiographic scout image necessary?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There is heterogeneity in how pediatric voiding cystourethrography (VCUG) is performed. Some institutions, including our own, obtain a radiographic scout image prior to contrast agent instillation.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To demonstrate that the radiographic scout image does not augment VCUG interpretation or contribute management-changing information but nonetheless carries a non-negligible effective dose.
  
  
  METHODS
  We evaluated 181 children who underwent VCUG in 2012, with an age breakdown of less than 1 year (56 children), 1-5 years (66 children), 6-10 years (43 children) and 11-18 years (16 children), with a mean age of 4.0 years. We investigated patient demographics, clinical indication for the examination, scout image findings and estimated effective radiation dose, as well as overall exam findings and impression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No clinically significant or management-changing findings were present on scout images, and no radiopaque urinary tract calculi or concerning incidental finding was identified. Scout image estimated effective radiation dose averaged 0.09 mSv in children younger than 1 y, 0.09 mSv in children age 1-5, 0.13 mSv in children age 6-10 and 0.18 mSv in children age 11-18. Total fluoroscopy time per examination averaged 36.7 s (range 34.8-39.6 s for all age group averages). Evaluation of known or suspected vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) and urinary tract infection (UTI) were the most common clinical indications, stated in 40.9% and 37.0% of exams, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although the estimated effective dose is low for VCUG radiographic scout images, this step did not augment VCUG interpretation or contribute management-changing information. This step should be omitted or substituted to further reduce dose in pediatric VCUG.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Health System Section of Pediatric Radiology, 1500 E. Medical Center Drive, UH B1-D502, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5030, USA, dominaj@med.umich.edu.
authors.forename: Jason G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Domina
authors.forename: Ramon
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sanchez
authors.forename: Indu R
authors.initials: IR
authors.lastname: Meesa
authors.forename: Emmanuel
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Christodoulou
mesh_terms: D000046:Academic Medical Centers; D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005471:Fluoroscopy; D006776:Hospitals, Pediatric; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014718:Vesico-Ureteral Reflux / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*