title: Comparative genomics reveals insights into avian genome evolution and adaptation.
abstract: Birds are the most species-rich class of tetrapod vertebrates and have wide relevance across many research fields. We explored bird macroevolution using full genomes from 48 avian species representing all major extant clades. The avian genome is principally characterized by its constrained size, which predominantly arose because of lineage-specific erosion of repetitive elements, large segmental deletions, and gene loss. Avian genomes furthermore show a remarkably high degree of evolutionary stasis at the levels of nucleotide sequence, gene synteny, and chromosomal structure. Despite this pattern of conservation, we detected many non-neutral evolutionary changes in protein-coding genes and noncoding regions. These analyses reveal that pan-avian genomic diversity covaries with adaptations to different lifestyles and convergent evolution of traits.
authors.affiliation: China National GeneBank, Beijing Genomics Institute (BGI)-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China. Centre for Social Evolution, Department of Biology, Universitetsparken 15, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. zhanggj@genomics.cn jarvis@neuro.duke.edu mtpgilbert@gmail.com wangj@genomics.cn.
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authors.affiliation: Department of Neurobiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA. zhanggj@genomics.cn jarvis@neuro.duke.edu mtpgilbert@gmail.com wangj@genomics.cn.
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mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological; D000818:Animals; D044822:Biodiversity; D005075:Biological Evolution; D001717:Birds / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D017124:Conserved Sequence; D004032:Diet; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D005260:Female; D005426:Flight, Animal; D005796:Genes; D014644:Genetic Variation; D016678:Genome; D023281:Genomics; D008297:Male; D058977:Molecular Sequence Annotation; D010802:Phylogeny; D012098:Reproduction / Q000235:genetics; D012641:Selection, Genetic; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D026801:Synteny; D014785:Vision, Ocular / Q000235:genetics; D014828:Vocalization, Animal