title: Posterior brain white matter abnormalities in older adults with probable mild cognitive impairment.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Much of the mild cognitive impairment (MCI) neuroimaging literature has exclusively focused on regions associated with Alzheimer's disease. Little research has examined white matter abnormalities of other brain regions, including those associated with visual processing, despite evidence that other brain abnormalities appear in these regions in early disease stages.
  
  
  METHODS
  Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) was utilized to examine participants (n = 44) that completed baseline imaging as part of a longitudinal healthy aging study. Participants were divided into two groups based on scores from the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), a brief screening tool for MCI. Participants who scored <26 were defined as "probable MCI" while those who scored ≥26 were labeled cognitively healthy. Two DTI indices were analyzed including fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD). DTI values for white matter in the lingual gyrus, cuneus, pericalcarine, fusiform gyrus, and all four lobes were compared using multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA). Regression analyses examined the relationship between DTI indices and total MoCA score.
  
  
  RESULTS
  RESULTS revealed significantly lower FA in the probable MCI group in the cuneus, fusiform, pericalcarine, and occipital lobe, and significantly higher MD in the temporal lobe. Fusiform FA and temporal lobe MD were significantly related to total MoCA score after accounting for age and education.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  RESULTS indicate that there are posterior white matter microstructural changes in individuals with probable MCI. These differences demonstrate that white matter abnormalities are evident among individuals with probable MCI in regions beyond those commonly associated with Alzheimer's disease and anterior brain aging patterns.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Psychology , University of Missouri-Saint Louis , Saint Louis , MO , USA.
authors.forename: Sarah A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Cooley
authors.forename: Ryan P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Cabeen
authors.forename: David H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Laidlaw
authors.forename: Thomas E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Conturo
authors.forename: Elizabeth M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Lane
authors.forename: Jodi M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Heaps
authors.forename: Jacob D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Bolzenius
authors.forename: Laurie M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Baker
authors.forename: Lauren E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Salminen
authors.forename: Staci E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Scott
authors.forename: Robert H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Paul
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D016880:Anisotropy; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology*; D060825:Cognitive Dysfunction / Q000473:pathology*; D056324:Diffusion Tensor Imaging; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D012044:Regression Analysis; D066127:White Matter / Q000473:pathology*
keywords: Aging; Diffusion tensor imaging; Fractional anisotropy; Mild cognitive impairment; Occipital lobe