title: Expression of syntaxin 8 in visceral adipose tissue is increased in obese patients with type 2 diabetes and related to markers of insulin resistance and inflammation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Obesity is associated with increased adipose tissue inflammation as well as with the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Syntaxin 8 (STX8) is a protein required for the transport of endosomes. In this study we analyzed the relationship of STX8 with the presence of T2D in the context of obesity.
  
  
  METHODS
  With this purpose, 21 subjects (seven lean [LN], eight obese normoglycemic [OB-NG] and six obese with type 2 diabetes [OB-T2D]) were included in the study. Gene and protein expression levels of STX8 and GLUT4 were analyzed in visceral adipose tissue (VAT).
  
  
  RESULTS
  mRNA (p = 0.008) and protein (p <0.001) expression levels of STX8 were significantly increased in VAT of OB-T2D patients. Moreover, gene expression levels of SLC2A4 (GLUT4) were downregulated (p = 0.002) in VAT of obese patients. We found that STX8 was positively correlated (p <0.05) with fasting glucose concentrations, plasma glucose 2 h after an OGTT and C-reactive protein. Interestingly, the expression of STX8 was negatively correlated (p <0.05) with the expression of SLC2A4 in VAT.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Increased STX8 expression in VAT appears to be associated with the presence of T2D in obese patients through a mechanism that may involve GLUT4.
authors.affiliation: Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Pamplona, Spain.
authors.forename: Andoni
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lancha
authors.affiliation: Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
authors.forename: Santiago
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: López-Garrido
authors.affiliation: Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Pamplona, Spain; Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
authors.forename: Amaia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rodríguez
authors.affiliation: Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Pamplona, Spain; Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
authors.forename: Victoria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Catalán
authors.affiliation: Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Pamplona, Spain; Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
authors.forename: Beatriz
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ramírez
authors.affiliation: CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Pamplona, Spain; Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Department of Surgery, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
authors.forename: Víctor
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Valentí
authors.affiliation: Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Department of Anesthesia, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
authors.forename: Rafael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Moncada
authors.affiliation: CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Pamplona, Spain; Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
authors.forename: Camilo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.affiliation: CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Pamplona, Spain; Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Department of Biochemistry, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
authors.forename: María J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Gil
authors.affiliation: CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Pamplona, Spain; Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Salvador
authors.affiliation: Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Pamplona, Spain; Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
authors.forename: Gema
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Frühbeck
authors.affiliation: Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Pamplona, Spain; Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain. Electronic address: jagomez@unav.es.
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gómez-Ambrosi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression; D051275:Glucose Transporter Type 4 / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000276:immunology; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000235:genetics; D050152:Intra-Abdominal Fat / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000378:metabolism*; D050765:Qa-SNARE Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D001786:Blood Glucose; D051275:Glucose Transporter Type 4; D050765:Qa-SNARE Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C495692:SLC2A4 protein, human; D002097:C-Reactive Protein
keywords: GLUT4; Obesity; Syntaxin 8; Type 2 diabetes; Visceral adipose tissue