title: Clinical activity of androgen deprivation therapy in patients with metastatic/relapsed androgen receptor-positive salivary gland cancers.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Androgen deprivation therapy has some clinical activity in selected salivary gland cancer histotypes, with androgen receptor expression.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively analyzed patients with androgen receptor-expressing recurrent/metastatic salivary gland cancer, treated with androgen deprivation therapy. Protein expression of androgen receptor and ErbB family members was investigated. Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were the main endpoints.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seventeen patients were identified. No significant toxicities were reported. Overall response rate was 64.7%; 3-year PFS and 5-year OS were 11.8% and 19.3%, respectively. Androgen receptor overexpression may be sustained by gain of chromosome X (58%) and TP53 mutation (44%). No association between response to androgen deprivation therapy and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER)2, HER3 expression, PIK3CA mutations, or phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) deletion was identified.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We confirm the activity of androgen deprivation therapy in androgen receptor-expressing recurrent/metastatic salivary gland cancers. The hypothesis that an androgen receptor increased gene copy number may represent a possible mechanism of primary resistance should be further investigated.
authors.affiliation: Head and Neck Medical Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Laura D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Locati
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Experimental Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Federica
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Perrone
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Experimental Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Cortelazzi
authors.affiliation: Clinical Epidemiology and Trial Organization Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Salvatore
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lo Vullo
authors.affiliation: Head and Neck Medical Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bossi
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Experimental Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Gianpaolo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Dagrada
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Pasquale
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Quattrone
authors.affiliation: Head and Neck Medical Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Cristiana
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bergamini
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Potepan
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Enrico
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Civelli
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiotherapy 2, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Carlo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fallai
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Experimental Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Silvana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pilotti
authors.affiliation: Head and Neck Medical Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Licitra
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000726:Androgen Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000813:Anilides / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D004252:DNA Mutational Analysis; D066246:ErbB Receptors / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D017404:In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000188:drug therapy*; D009570:Nitriles / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011944:Receptors, Androgen / Q000378:metabolism*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012468:Salivary Gland Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000401:mortality; D016019:Survival Analysis; D014105:Tosyl Compounds / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D017329:Triptorelin Pamoate / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D000726:Androgen Antagonists; D000813:Anilides; D015415:Biomarkers; D009570:Nitriles; D011944:Receptors, Androgen; D014105:Tosyl Compounds; D017329:Triptorelin Pamoate; C053541:bicalutamide; D066246:ErbB Receptors
keywords: androgen deprivation therapy; androgen receptor; hormonal treatment; recurrent/metastatic salivary gland cancer