title: Targeting the neurophysiology of cognitive systems with transcranial alternating current stimulation.
abstract: Cognitive impairment represents one of the most debilitating and most difficult symptom to treat of many psychiatric illnesses. Human neurophysiology studies have suggested that specific pathologies of cortical network activity correlate with cognitive impairment. However, we lack demonstration of causal relationships between specific network activity patterns and cognitive capabilities and treatment modalities that directly target impaired network dynamics of cognition. Transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS), a novel non-invasive brain stimulation approach, may provide a crucial tool to tackle these challenges. Here, we propose that tACS can be used to elucidate the causal role of cortical synchronization in cognition and, eventually, to enhance pathologically weakened synchrony that may underlie cognitive deficits. To accelerate such development of tACS as a treatment for cognitive deficits, we discuss studies on tACS and cognition performed in healthy participants, according to the Research Domain Criteria of the National Institute of Mental Health.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill NC 27599, USA.
authors.forename: Flavio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Fröhlich
authors.forename: Kristin K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Sellers
authors.forename: Asa L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Cordle
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001288:Attention / Q000502:physiology*; D003071:Cognition / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008570:Memory, Short-Term / Q000502:physiology*; D010465:Perception / Q000502:physiology*; D065908:Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation / Q000379:methods; D050781:Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation / Q000379:methods
keywords: RDoC; Research Domain Criteria project; cognitive symptoms; cortex; non-invasive brain stimulation; non-pharmacological treatments; oscillations; psychiatric illness; tACS; transcranial alternating current stimulation