title: Cognitive-behavioural therapy for patients with schizophrenia: a multicentre randomized controlled trial in Beijing, China.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Meta-analyses support the efficacy of cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) for schizophrenia in western cultures. This study aimed to compare the efficacy of CBT and supportive therapy (ST) for patients with schizophrenia in China.
  
  
  METHODS
  A multicentre randomized controlled, single-blinded, parallel-group trial enrolled a sample of 192 patients with schizophrenia. All patients were offered 15 sessions of either CBT or ST over 24 weeks and followed up for an additional 60 weeks. All measures used were standardized instruments with good reliability and validity. The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) was used to assess symptoms of schizophrenia. The Schedule for Assessing Insight (SAI) was used to assess patients' insight and the Personal and Social Performance Scale (PSP) was used to assess their social functioning.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Effect-size analysis showed that patients made rapid improvements in all symptoms, insight and social functioning as measured by the PANSS, SAI and PSP at 12 and 24 weeks and maintained these improvements over the course of the study to 84 weeks. Patients in the CBT group showed significantly greater and more durable improvement in PANSS total score (p = 0.045, between-group d = 0.48), positive symptoms (p = 0.018, between-group d = 0.42) and social functioning (p = 0.037, between-group d = 0.64), with significant differences emerging after completion of therapy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both CBT and ST combined with medication had benefits on psychopathology, insight and social functioning of patients with schizophrenia. CBT was significantly more effective than ST on overall, positive symptoms and social functioning of patients with schizophrenia in the long term.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Psychology,Beijing Key Lab of Mental Disorders,Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, and Center of Schizophrenia, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders,Beijing,People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Z-J
authors.initials: ZJ
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Psychology,Beijing Key Lab of Mental Disorders,Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, and Center of Schizophrenia, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders,Beijing,People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Z-H
authors.initials: ZH
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Psychology,Beijing Key Lab of Mental Disorders,Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, and Center of Schizophrenia, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders,Beijing,People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Psychology,Beijing Key Lab of Mental Disorders,Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, and Center of Schizophrenia, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders,Beijing,People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Z-Y
authors.initials: ZY
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Beijing Huilongguan Hospital,Beijing,People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Qu
authors.affiliation: Institute of Mental Health, Peking University (The Sixth Hospital, Peking University),Beijing,People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: X-Q
authors.initials: XQ
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Griffith Health Institute and School of Medicine, Griffith University,QLD 4222,Australia.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: The Third Hospital of Chaoyang District,Beijing,People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: L-Q
authors.initials: LQ
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry,Kowloon Hospital,Hong Kong,People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: R M K
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Ng
authors.affiliation: University of Newcastle-on-Tyne,Newcastle,UK.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Turkington
authors.affiliation: University of Southampton,Southampton,UK.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kingdon
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000068476:Beijing; D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000628:therapy*; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D012917:Social Adjustment; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents
keywords: Cognitive–behavioural therapy; randomized controlled trials; schizophrenia; supportive therapy