title: Improved efficiency and stability of secnidazole - An ideal delivery system.
abstract: Secnidazole (α,2-Dimethyl-5-nitro-1H-imidazole-1-ethanol) is a highly effective drug against a variety of G(+)/G(-) bacteria but with significant side effects because it is being used in very high concentration. In this study, gold nanoparticles (GNPS) were selected as a vehicle to deliver secnidazole drug at the specific site with more accuracy which made the drug highly effective at substantially low concentrations. The as-synthesized GNPs were capped with Human Serum Albumin (HSA) and subsequently bioconjugated with secnidazole because HSA provides the stability and improves the solubility of the bioconjugated drug, secnidazole. The quantification of covalently bioconjugated secnidazole with HSA encapsulated on enzymatically synthesized GNPs was done with RP-HPLC having SPD-20 A UV/VIS detector by using the C-18 column. The bioconjugation of GNPs with secnidazole was confirmed by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS). The bioconjugated GNPs were characterized by UV-VIS spectroscopy, TEM, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and DLS. Zeta potential confirmed the stability and uniform distribution of particles in the emulsion of GNPs. The separation of bioconjugated GNPs, unused GNPs and unused drug was done by gel filtration chromatography. The minimal inhibitory concentration of secnidazole-conjugated gold nanoparticles (Au-HSA-Snd) against Klebsiella pneumonia (NCIM No. 2957) and Bacillus cereus (NCIM No. 2156) got improved by 12.2 times and 14.11 times, respectively, in comparison to pure secnidazole. Precisely, the MIC of Au-HSA-Snd against K. pneumonia (NCIM No. 2957) and B. cereus (NCIM No. 2156) were found to be 0.35 and 0.43 μg/ml, respectively whereas MIC of the pure secnidazole drug against the same bacteria were found to be 4.3 and 6.07 μg/ml, respectively.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Lucknow 226026, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Salman
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.affiliation: Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Lucknow 226026, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Mohd
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Haseeb
authors.affiliation: Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Lucknow 226026, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Mohd Hassan
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Baig
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Lucknow 226026, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Paramdeep Singh
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Bagga
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Lucknow 226026, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: H H
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Siddiqui
authors.affiliation: King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80216, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia ; Enzymoic, 7 Peterlee Pl, Hebersham, NSW 2770, Australia.
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Kamal
authors.affiliation: Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Lucknow 226026, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Mohd Sajid
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Khan
keywords: Bioconjugation; Biosynthesis; Drug delivery; Nanoparticles; Secnidazole