title: Genetic alcohol sensitivity regulated by ALDH2 and ADH1B polymorphisms is strongly associated with depression and anxiety in Japanese employees.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although alcohol-related disorders (ARD) have been shown to be accompanied by comorbid depressive and anxiety disorders, and alcohol metabolic enzyme genes, ADH1B and ALDH2 polymorphisms, have been associated with an increased risk of ARD, no studies have been conducted to evaluate the associations between these genetic polymorphisms and anxiety or depression.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 1944 Japanese workers were interviewed regarding their depressive and anxiety disorders, including suicidality, by a brief psychiatric structured interview (MINI). We investigated the relationship of ADH1B rs1229984 and ALDH2 rs671 polymorphism combinations with mental disorder risks. Logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the associations between those polymorphisms and anxiety/depressive disorders, adjusting for sex, age, and job rank. The degree of alcohol sensitivity was classified into five groups according to the combination of two enzyme genotypes (Group I-V, in order from the lowest alcohol sensitivity).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Those with ALDH2(*)1/(*)1 and ADH1B(*)1/(*)1 were likely to be at an increased risk of depressive and anxiety disorders as well as ARD. This tendency was more apparent among non-drinkers (OR 9.20, 95% CI 1.66-50.89). No adverse effects of ALDH2 or ADH1B alone were observed with mental disorder risks. Likewise, analyses conducted combining job rank and genetic alcohol sensitivity showed no material associations with such risks.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Genetic alcohol sensitivity, especially that with the genotype combination of ALDH2(*)1/(*)1 and ADH1B(*)1/(*)1, was significantly associated with an increased risk of depressive and anxiety disorders as well as ARD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hygiene, School of Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan. Electronic address: kyoshi@wakayama-med.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Kouichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yoshimasu
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan.
authors.forename: Kanae
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mure
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan.
authors.forename: Marowa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hashimoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Hygiene, School of Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan.
authors.forename: Shigeki
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Takemura
authors.affiliation: Department of Hygiene, School of Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan.
authors.forename: Kanami
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tsuno
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University, 11-68 Koshien Kyubancho, Nishinomiya 663-8179, Japan.
authors.forename: Mariko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hayashida
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University, 11-68 Koshien Kyubancho, Nishinomiya 663-8179, Japan.
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kinoshita
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan.
authors.forename: Tatsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takeshita
authors.affiliation: Department of Hygiene, School of Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuhisa
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Miyashita
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000426:Alcohol Dehydrogenase / Q000235:genetics*; D019973:Alcohol-Related Disorders / Q000235:genetics* / Q000523:psychology; D000444:Aldehyde Dehydrogenase / Q000235:genetics*; D000071396:Aldehyde Dehydrogenase, Mitochondrial; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000235:genetics* / Q000523:psychology; D044466:Asian People / Q000235:genetics* / Q000523:psychology; D015897:Comorbidity; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000235:genetics* / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D009111:Local Government; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016272:Occupational Health / Q000639:trends*; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D059020:Suicidal Ideation
chemical_list: C489332:ADH1B protein, human; D000426:Alcohol Dehydrogenase; C096127:ALDH2 protein, human; D000444:Aldehyde Dehydrogenase; D000071396:Aldehyde Dehydrogenase, Mitochondrial
keywords: ADH1B; ALDH2; Anxiety; Depression; Japanese; Polymorphisms