title: Comparative analysis of tumor angiogenesis and clinical features of 55 cases of pleomorphic carcinoma and adenocarcinoma of the lung.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Pleomorphic carcinoma (PC) of the lung is a rare tumor that usually has an aggressive clinical course and a poor prognosis. Clinical and pathological features remain unclear. The aim of this study was to determine whether tumor angiogenesis of PC is up-regulated compared to that in adenocarcinoma (AD).
  
  
  METHODS
  We collected 55 cases of PC and AD in which the patients had undergone either lung resection or autopsy and immunohistochemically examined the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α and microvessel density (MVD) in tissue specimens.
  
  
  RESULTS
  VEGF was expressed in many cases of both PC and AD with no significant differences between the groups. In contrast, the expression of HIF-1α and MVD were significantly greater in PC than AD. Median survival time of the PC group was 14.7 months and significantly shorter than that of the AD group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MVD and expression of HIF-1α are associated with angiogenesis in PC and confer a poorer prognosis. Tumor angiogenesis provides significant prognostic information regarding clinical outcome in patients with PC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine-Division of Medical Oncology and Respiratory Medicine, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo, Shimane, Japan.
authors.forename: Yukari
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tsubata
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine-Division of Medical Oncology and Respiratory Medicine, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo, Shimane, Japan.
authors.forename: Akihisa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sutani
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine-Division of Medical Oncology and Respiratory Medicine, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo, Shimane, Japan.
authors.forename: Tamio
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Okimoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Respiratory Medicine, Higashi-hiroshima Medical Center, Hiroshima, Japan.
authors.forename: Isao
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Murakami
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic Surgery, Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Ryosuke
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Usuda
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Yoshijima Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan.
authors.forename: Tsuneo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Okumichi
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic Surgery, Nishigunma National Hospital, Shibukawa, Gunma, Japan.
authors.forename: Sei-Ichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kakegawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic Surgery, Japanese Red Cross Nagaoka Hospital, Nagaoka, Niigata, Japan.
authors.forename: Ken-Ichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Togashi
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shimane Prefectural Central Hospital, Izumo, Shimane, Japan.
authors.forename: Shinji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kosaka
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic Surgery, Kure Medical Center/Chugoku Cancer Center, Kure, Hiroshima, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshinori
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yamashita
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo, Shimane, Japan.
authors.forename: Koji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kishimoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine-Division of Medical Oncology and Respiratory Medicine, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo, Shimane, Japan.
authors.forename: Takashige
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kuraki
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine-Division of Medical Oncology and Respiratory Medicine, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo, Shimane, Japan isobeti@med.shimane-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Isobe
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000401:mortality; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D042501:Angiogenic Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000401:mortality; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000401:mortality; D011379:Prognosis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models
chemical_list: D042501:Angiogenic Proteins
keywords: Pleomorphic carcinoma; angiogenesis; hypoxia-inducible factor-1α; immunohistochemistry; vascular endothelial growth factor