title: Molecular diagnosis and therapy for occult peritoneal metastasis in gastric cancer patients.
abstract: To apply an individualized oncological approach to gastric cancer patients, the accurate diagnosis of disease entities is required. Peritoneal metastasis is the most frequent mode of metastasis in gastric cancer, and the tumor-node-metastasis classification includes cytological detection of intraperitoneal cancer cells as part of the staging process, denoting metastatic disease. The accuracy of cytological diagnosis leaves room for improvement; therefore, highly sensitive molecular diagnostics, such as an enzyme immunoassay, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, and virus-guided imaging, have been developed to detect minute cancer cells in the peritoneal cavity. Molecular targeting therapy has also been spun off from basic research in the past decade. Although conventional cytology is still the mainstay, novel approaches could serve as practical complementary diagnostics to cytology in near future.
authors.affiliation: Shunsuke Kagawa, Kunitoshi Shigeyasu, Michihiro Ishida, Megumi Watanabe, Hiroshi Tazawa, Takeshi Nagasaka, Yasuhiro Shirakawa, Toshiyoshi Fujiwara, Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan.
authors.forename: Shunsuke
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kagawa
authors.affiliation: Shunsuke Kagawa, Kunitoshi Shigeyasu, Michihiro Ishida, Megumi Watanabe, Hiroshi Tazawa, Takeshi Nagasaka, Yasuhiro Shirakawa, Toshiyoshi Fujiwara, Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan.
authors.forename: Kunitoshi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shigeyasu
authors.affiliation: Shunsuke Kagawa, Kunitoshi Shigeyasu, Michihiro Ishida, Megumi Watanabe, Hiroshi Tazawa, Takeshi Nagasaka, Yasuhiro Shirakawa, Toshiyoshi Fujiwara, Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan.
authors.forename: Michihiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ishida
authors.affiliation: Shunsuke Kagawa, Kunitoshi Shigeyasu, Michihiro Ishida, Megumi Watanabe, Hiroshi Tazawa, Takeshi Nagasaka, Yasuhiro Shirakawa, Toshiyoshi Fujiwara, Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan.
authors.forename: Megumi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.affiliation: Shunsuke Kagawa, Kunitoshi Shigeyasu, Michihiro Ishida, Megumi Watanabe, Hiroshi Tazawa, Takeshi Nagasaka, Yasuhiro Shirakawa, Toshiyoshi Fujiwara, Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tazawa
authors.affiliation: Shunsuke Kagawa, Kunitoshi Shigeyasu, Michihiro Ishida, Megumi Watanabe, Hiroshi Tazawa, Takeshi Nagasaka, Yasuhiro Shirakawa, Toshiyoshi Fujiwara, Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan.
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nagasaka
authors.affiliation: Shunsuke Kagawa, Kunitoshi Shigeyasu, Michihiro Ishida, Megumi Watanabe, Hiroshi Tazawa, Takeshi Nagasaka, Yasuhiro Shirakawa, Toshiyoshi Fujiwara, Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan.
authors.forename: Yasuhiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shirakawa
authors.affiliation: Shunsuke Kagawa, Kunitoshi Shigeyasu, Michihiro Ishida, Megumi Watanabe, Hiroshi Tazawa, Takeshi Nagasaka, Yasuhiro Shirakawa, Toshiyoshi Fujiwara, Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan.
authors.forename: Toshiyoshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fujiwara
mesh_terms: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000235:genetics*; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005820:Genetic Testing; D006801:Humans; D007118:Immunoassay; D025202:Molecular Diagnostic Techniques; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D010534:Peritoneal Neoplasms / Q000737:chemistry / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000556:secondary / Q000628:therapy*; D010641:Phenotype; D057285:Precision Medicine; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000737:chemistry / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor
keywords: Carcinoembryonic antigen; Cytology; Gastric cancer; Molecular diagnostic techniques; Peritoneal lavage; Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction