title: Definition of herpes simplex virus helper functions for the replication of adeno-associated virus type 5.
abstract: Adeno-associated virus (AAV) type 5 represents the genetically most distant AAV serotype and the only one isolated directly from human tissue. Seroepidemiological evidence suggests herpes simplex virus (HSV) as a helper virus for human AAV5 infections, underlining the in vivo relevance of the AAV-herpesvirus relationship. In this study we analysed, for the first time, HSV helper functions for productive AAV5 replication, and compared these to AAV2. Using a combination of HSV strains and plasmids for individual genes, the previously defined HSV helper functions for AAV2 replication were shown to induce AAV5 gene expression, DNA replication and production of infectious progeny. The helper functions comprise the replication genes for ICP8 (UL29), helicase-primase (UL5/8/52), and DNA polymerase (UL30/42). HSV immediate-early genes for ICP0 and ICP4 further enhanced AAV5 replication, mainly by induction of rep gene expression. In the presence of HSV helper functions, AAV5 Rep co-localized with ICP8 in nuclear replication compartments, and HSV alkaline exonuclease (UL12) enhanced AAV5 replication, similarly to AAV2. UL12, in combination with ICP8, was shown to induce DNA strand exchange on partially double-stranded templates to resolve and repair concatemeric HSV replication intermediates. Similarly, concatemeric AAV replication intermediates appeared to be processed to yield AAV unit-length molecules, ready for AAV packaging. Taken together, our findings show that productive AAV5 replication is promoted by the same combination of HSV helper functions as AAV2.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Virology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Catrin
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Stutika
authors.affiliation: Institute of Virology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hüser
authors.affiliation: Institute of Virology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Weger
authors.affiliation: Institute of Virology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Natalja
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Rutz
authors.affiliation: Institute of Virology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Melanie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Heßler
authors.affiliation: Institute of Virology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Regine
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Heilbronn
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops; D004265:DNA Helicases / Q000235:genetics; D004261:DNA Replication / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D004259:DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase / Q000235:genetics; D000229:Dependovirus / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D015870:Gene Expression; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D018139:Simplexvirus / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D014709:Vero Cells; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D014779:Virus Replication / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D014764:Viral Proteins; D004259:DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase; D004265:DNA Helicases