title: Comparison of surface roughness and bacterial adhesion between cosmetic contact lenses and conventional contact lenses.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare physical characteristics of cosmetic contact lenses (Cos-CLs) and conventional contact lenses (Con-CLs) that might affect susceptibility to bacterial adhesion on the contact lens (CL) surface.
  
  
  METHODS
  Surface characteristics of Cos-CLs and Con-CLs made from the same material by the same manufacturer were measured by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy. To determine the extent and rate of bacterial adhesion, Cos-CL and Con-CL were immersed in serum-free Roswell Park Memorial Institute media containing Staphylococcus aureus or Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Additionally, the rate of removal of adherent bacteria was evaluated using hand rubbing or immersion in multipurpose disinfecting solutions (MPDS).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean surface roughness (root mean square and peak-to-valley value) measured by AFM was significantly higher for Cos-CL than for Con-CL. At each time point, significantly more S. aureus and P. aeruginosa adhered to Cos-CL than to Con-CL, which correlated with the surface roughness of CL. In Cos-CL, bacteria were mainly found on the tinted surface rather than on the noncolored or convex areas. Pseudomonas aeruginosa attached earlier than S. aureus to all types of CL. However, P. aeruginosa was more easily removed from the surface of CL than S. aureus by hand rubbing or MPDS soaking.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Increased surface roughness is an important physical factor for bacterial adhesion in Cos-CL, which may explain why rates of bacterial keratitis rates are higher in Cos-CL users in CL physical characteristics.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology (Y.W.J., Y.J.C., C.H.L., E.K.K., H.K.L.), Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Division of Microbiology (S.H.H.), Department of Laboratory Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea; Morphology Laboratories (D.Y.C.), Yonsei Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul, Korea; and Institute of Corneal Dystrophy Research (E.K.K., H.K.L.), Department of Ophthalmology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Yong Woo
authors.initials: YW
authors.lastname: Ji
authors.forename: Young Joo
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: Chul Hee
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Soon Ho
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.forename: Dong Yong
authors.initials: DY
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: Eung Kweon
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Hyung Keun
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D001422:Bacterial Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D001505:Beauty Culture; D018441:Biofilms / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D003263:Contact Lenses, Hydrophilic / Q000382:microbiology*; D004202:Disinfectants / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D018625:Microscopy, Atomic Force; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions / Q000494:pharmacology; D011550:Pseudomonas aeruginosa / Q000502:physiology; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000502:physiology; D013499:Surface Properties
chemical_list: D004202:Disinfectants; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions