title: Effects of supplementation with green tea by-products on growth performance, meat quality, blood metabolites and immune cell proliferation in goats.
abstract: Forty-eight castrated male goats were used to determine the effects of feeding green tea by-products (GTB) on growth performance, meat quality, blood metabolites and immune cell proliferation. Experimental treatments consisted of basal diets supplemented with four levels of GTB (0%, 0.5%, 1.0% or 2.0%). Four replicate pens were assigned to each treatment with three goats per replicate. Increasing dietary GTB tended to linearly increase the overall average weight gain and feed intake (p = 0.09). Water holding capacity, pH and sensory attributes of meat were not affected by GTB supplementation, while cooking loss was reduced both linearly and quadratically (p < 0.01). The redness (linear; p = 0.02, quadratic; p < 0.01) and yellowness (quadratic; p < 0.01) values of goat meat were improved by GTB supplementation. Increasing dietary GTB quadratically increased protein and decreased crude fat (p < 0.05), while linearly decreased cholesterol (p = 0.03) content of goat meat. The proportions of monounsaturated fatty acid, polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) and n-6 PUFA increased linearly (p < 0.01) and n-3 PUFA increased quadratically (p < 0.05) as GTB increased in diets. Increasing dietary GTB linearly increased the PUFA/SFA (saturated fatty acid) and tended to linearly and quadratically increase (p ≤ 0.10) the n-6/n-3 ratio. The thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances values of meat were lower in the 2.0% GTB-supplemented group in all storage periods (p < 0.05). Dietary GTB linearly decreased plasma glucose and cholesterol (p < 0.01) and quadratically decreased urea nitrogen concentrations (p = 0.001). The growth of spleen cells incubated in concanavalin A and lipopolysaccharides medium increased significantly (p < 0.05) in response to GTB supplementation. Our results suggest that GTB may positively affect the growth performance, meat quality, blood metabolites and immune cell proliferation when supplemented as a feed additive in goat diet.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Jeonnam, Korea.
authors.forename: S T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Ahmed
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Jeonnam, Korea.
authors.forename: J-W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Jeonnam, Korea.
authors.forename: H-S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Mun
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Jeonnam, Korea.
authors.forename: C-J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed / Q000032:analysis*; D000824:Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D000818:Animals; D028241:Camellia sinensis / Q000737:chemistry*; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D003208:Concanavalin A / Q000494:pharmacology; D004032:Diet / Q000662:veterinary*; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D061353:Food Storage; D006041:Goats / Q000097:blood / Q000254:growth & development; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D008460:Meat / Q000032:analysis / Q000592:standards*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D013154:Spleen / Q000166:cytology; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D005227:Fatty Acids; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D003208:Concanavalin A
keywords: blood metabolites; goat; green tea by-products; meat quality; spleen cell proliferation