title: The usefulness of genotyping cytochrome P450 enzymes in the treatment of depression.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Pharmacogenomics, which is derived from genome-wide association studies (GWAS), and pharmacogenetics, which involves candidate gene association studies (CGASs), are proving increasingly useful in personalized cancer care. Research in psychiatric applications has primarily involved genetic polymorphisms of P450 CYP enzymes, which mediate oxidative metabolism, particularly CYP2D6, which is involved in the metabolism of at least 30 psychotropic medications. This work has been supplemented by genotyping of proteins for the drug efflux pump P-glycoprotein (P-gp), serotonin receptors, and the serotonin reuptake pump.
  
  
  METHODS
  This review covers principles of pharmacogenetics and pharmacogenomics, previous analyses of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics studies, newer studies of the predictive value of genetic testing in the treatment of depression, obstacles to implementation of genetic testing in predicting treatment response and side effects, and suggestions for future research.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Studies of multiple genes have produced some positive results in groups of patients, but genetic testing does not yet seem to be applicable to choosing medications for a specific patient.
authors.affiliation: University at Buffalo, Department of Psychiatry , 462 Grider St, Buffalo, NY 14215 , USA +1 716 898 5940 ; +1 716 898 4538 ; dubovsky@buffalo.edu.
authors.forename: Steven L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Dubovsky
mesh_terms: D000928:Antidepressive Agents / Q000378:metabolism / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019389:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2D6 / Q000235:genetics; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System / Q000235:genetics; D003863:Depression / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics; D005820:Genetic Testing / Q000379:methods; D055106:Genome-Wide Association Study; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D010597:Pharmacogenetics; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D057285:Precision Medicine
chemical_list: D000928:Antidepressive Agents; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; D019389:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2D6
keywords: CYP P450; depression; genetic; metabolism; pharmacokinetics