title: Percutaneous nephrostomy for symptomatic hypermobile kidney: a single centre experience.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Symptomatic hypermobile kidney is treated with nephropexy, a surgical procedure through which the floating kidney is fixed to the retroperitoneum. Although both open and endoscopic procedures have a high success rate, they can be associated with risk of complications, relatively long hospital stay and high cost.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We describe our percutaneous technique for fixing a hypermobile kidney and evaluate the efficacy of the percutaneous nephrostomy insertion in management of symptomatic nephroptosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between January 2005 and December 2011, 11 patients diagnosed with a symptomatic right nephroptosis of at least 1 year duration were treated with a single point percutaneous nephrostomy technique. All data were retrieved from patients' medical records and then retrospectively analysed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nephropexy through a single point percutaneous nephrostomy technique was successfully accomplished in 11 women. The mean operative time was 20 min. The intraoperative estimated blood loss was minimal in all cases. No major or minor intraoperative complications were noted. The average postoperative hospital stay was 2 days. Women returned to their usual activities 14 days following the surgery. Nine women had complete resolution of their pain, and 2 patients continued to complain of discomfort in their lumbar area. One patient was re-operated upon with satisfactory subjective and objective outcomes achieved. One patient refused re-operation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Percutaneous nephropexy is simple, inexpensive and effective for treatment of symptomatic hypermobile kidney. It remains a valuable alternative to open, laparoscopic, and robotic methods for fixing a floating kidney.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology and Urological Oncology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland.
authors.forename: Radosław
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Starownik
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Medical College Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland.
authors.forename: Tomasz
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Golabek
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology and Urological Oncology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland.
authors.forename: Krzysztof
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bar
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology and Urological Oncology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland.
authors.forename: Kamil
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Muc
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology and Urological Oncology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland.
authors.forename: Paweł
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Płaza
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Medical College Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland.
authors.forename: Piotr
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chlosta
keywords: floating kidney; nephropexy; percutaneous nephrostomy