title: Polyorchidism: two case reports and a review of the literature.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Polyorchidism is a very rare anomaly that is defined by the presence of more than two testes. Although its presentation is primarily as triorchidism, cases of four testes have also been reported in the literature.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this report, we describe color Doppler ultrasound findings in two cases. Patient 1 was a 37-year-old Arabic man with a scrotal mass and a double testicle in the right hemiscrotum visualized by ultrasound. Patient 2 was an 11-year-old Arabic boy with an inguinal mass resulted to be an additional testicle in the inguinal canal. The echogenic texture and vascular flow of supernumerary testicles in question were similar to those of the normal testicles; however, their size was smaller. After 3 years of follow-up, the tertiary testes in the two patients remained stable in both size and echogenicity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ultrasound plays a crucial role in the evaluation of masses. Notably, inguinal or scrotal masses should not always be considered as lymph nodes or tumors. Indeed, a radiologist should always keep polyorchidism in mind when such masses are encountered.
authors.affiliation: Radiology Department, EMMS Hospital Nazareth, Bar Ilan University, Faculty of Medicine, P, O, Box 11, 16100 Nazareth, Israel. suheil_artul@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Suheil
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Artul
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Habib
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D013737:Testis / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D018615:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color