title: Transient energy deficit induced by exercise increases 24-h fat oxidation in young trained men.
abstract: Whole body fat oxidation increases during exercise. However, 24-h fat oxidation on a day with exercise often remains similar to that of sedentary day, when energy intake is increased to achieve an energy-balanced condition. The present study aimed to examine a possibility that time of the day when exercise is performed makes differences in 24-h fat oxidation. As a potential mechanism of exercise affecting 24-h fat oxidation, its relation to exercise-induced transient energy deficit was examined. Nine young male endurance athletes underwent three trials of indirect calorimetry using a metabolic chamber, in which they performed a session of 100 min of exercise before breakfast (AM), after lunch (PM), or two sessions of 50 min of exercise before breakfast and after lunch (AM/PM) at 65% of maximal oxygen uptake. Experimental meals were designed to achieve individual energy balance. Twenty-four-hour energy expenditure was similar among the trials, but 24-h fat oxidation was 1,142 ± 97, 809 ± 88, and 608 ± 46 kcal/24 h in descending order of its magnitude for AM, AM/PM, and PM, respectively (P < 0.05). Twenty-four-hour carbohydrate oxidation was 2,558 ± 110, 2,374 ± 114, and 2,062 ± 96 kcal/24 h for PM, AM/PM, and AM, respectively. In spite of energy-balanced condition over 24 h, exercise induced a transient energy deficit, the magnitude of which was negatively correlated with 24-h fat oxidation (r = -0.72, P < 0.01). Similarly, transient carbohydrate deficit after exercise was negatively correlated with 24-h fat oxidation (r = -0.40, P < 0.05). The time of the day when exercise is performed affects 24-h fat oxidation, and the transient energy/carbohydrate deficit after exercise is implied as a factor affecting 24-h fat oxidation.
authors.affiliation: Doctoral Program in Sports Medicine, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan; and.
authors.forename: Kaito
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Iwayama
authors.affiliation: Doctoral Program in Sports Medicine, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan; and.
authors.forename: Ryosuke
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kawabuchi
authors.affiliation: Doctoral Program in Sports Medicine, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan; and.
authors.forename: Insung
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Doctoral Program in Sports Medicine, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan; and.
authors.forename: Reiko
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kurihara
authors.affiliation: Doctoral Program in Sports Medicine, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan; and.
authors.forename: Masashi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.affiliation: Health Care Food Research Laboratories, Kao Corporation, Bunka, Sumida, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Masanobu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hibi
authors.affiliation: Health Care Food Research Laboratories, Kao Corporation, Bunka, Sumida, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Sachiko
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Oishi
authors.affiliation: Health Care Food Research Laboratories, Kao Corporation, Bunka, Sumida, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Koichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yasunaga
authors.affiliation: Doctoral Program in Sports Medicine, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan; and.
authors.forename: Hitomi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ogata
authors.affiliation: Doctoral Program in Sports Medicine, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan; and.
authors.forename: Yoshiharu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nabekura
authors.affiliation: Doctoral Program in Sports Medicine, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan; and tokuyama@taiiku.tsukuba.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Kumpei
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tokuyama
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002153:Calorimetry, Indirect; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000378:metabolism*; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D050356:Lipid Metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000502:physiology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D004041:Dietary Fats
keywords: energy balance; energy flux; epoc; metabolic chamber