title: Which measures of adiposity predict subsequent left ventricular geometry? Evidence from the Bogalusa Heart Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy increases the risk of future cardiovascular events. The relationship between obesity in young adulthood and later LV geometry is unknown. We examined the association between long-term changes in measures of adiposity and subsequent LV geometry among 1073 young adults from the Bogalusa Heart Study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Echocardiography-measured LV geometry was classified into normal (N = 796), concentric remodeling (N = 124), eccentric hypertrophy (N = 99), and concentric hypertrophy (N = 54) by integrating relative wall thickness and LV mass index. The mean age of our population was 38 years when the LV geometry was measured. Body mass index (BMI) increased by a mean of 4.9 kg/m(2) over a median of 20 years, waist circumference (WC) by 10.9 cm over 17 years, waist/hip ratio by 0.02 over 10 years, waist/height ratio by 0.06 over 17 years, abdominal height by 0.9 cm over 10 years, body fat (BF) percentage by 12.7% over 20 years, and Visceral Adiposity Index by 0.30 over 17 years. In polytomous logistic regression models corrected for multiple comparisons, participants with one-standard-deviation increases in BMI, WC, waist/height ratio, and BF had 2.00 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.53-2.61), 1.33 (1.06-1.68), 1.35 (1.07-1.70), and 1.60 (1.26-2.03) times the risk of eccentric hypertrophy, respectively, after adjustment for demographic, lifestyle, metabolic risk factors, and follow-up time. Likewise, the rates of change in BMI, WC, waist/height ratio, and BF were associated with eccentric hypertrophy. There was no association with concentric remodeling or concentric hypertrophy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings suggest that increases in BMI, WC, waist/height ratio, and BF were strong predictors of eccentric hypertrophy in middle age.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gustat
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA.
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Webber
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA. Electronic address: lbazzano@tulane.edu.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bazzano
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000378:metabolism; D050154:Adiposity; D000328:Adult; D001794:Blood Pressure; D015992:Body Mass Index; D004452:Echocardiography; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D017379:Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular / Q000503:physiopathology*; D016015:Logistic Models; D008145:Louisiana; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D055105:Waist Circumference; D049629:Waist-Hip Ratio; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Epidemiology; Left ventricular geometry; Obesity