title: Combined laparoscopy and hysteroscopy for the detection of female genital system anomalies results of 3,811 infertile women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the prevalence of Mullerian and gonadal anomalies in a group of infertile women using a combination of diagnostic laparoscopy and hysteroscopy.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a retrospective descriptive study in the setting of a university hospital. The records of 3,811 women who underwent laparoscopy and hysteroscopy for infertility were reviewed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mullerian duct anomalies (MDAs) were diagnosed in 287/3,811 (7.5%) women, gonadal anomalies in 40/3,811 (1.04%) women, MDAs and gonadal anomalies in 22/3,811 (0.57%) women, and "undefined anomalies" in 8/3,811 (0.2%) women. Among the 287 women with MDAs 54.9% were diagnosed with a septate uterus, 14.2% with an arcuate uterus, 10.2% with a bicornuate uterus, 5.8% with a unicornuate uterus, 4.7% with tubal anomalies, 3.6% with a hypoplastic uterus, 2.9% with Mullerian agenesis, 1.8% with a septate uterus and a double cervix, 1.1% with uterus didelphys, and 0.7% with a longitudinal vaginal septum. Among the 40 women with gonadal anomalies 70% were diagnosed with hypoplastic ovaries, 25% with streak gonads, and 5% with an accessory ovary. Among the 22 women with combined Mullerian and gonadal anomalies 50% were diagnosed with streak gonads and a hypoplastic uterus, 31.8% with a hypoplastic uterus and hypoplastic ovaries, and 18.2% with ovarian and tubal anomalies.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Combined laparoscopy and hysteroscopy are valuable tools for the diagnosis and classification of female genital system anomalies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology,  Zagazig University, Egypt.
authors.forename: Soha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Siam
authors.forename: Badeea S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Soliman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004534:Egypt; D005260:Female; D005836:Genitalia, Female / Q000002:abnormalities*; D006801:Humans; D015907:Hysteroscopy / Q000379:methods*; D007247:Infertility, Female / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D009095:Mullerian Ducts / Q000002:abnormalities; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014564:Urogenital Abnormalities / Q000175:diagnosis*; D055815:Young Adult