title: An update to polyketide synthase and non-ribosomal synthetase genes and nomenclature in Fusarium.
abstract: Members of the genus Fusarium produce a plethora of bioactive secondary metabolites, which can be harmful to humans and animals or have potential in drug development. In this study we have performed comparative analyses of polyketide synthases (PKSs) and non-ribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs) from ten different Fusarium species including F. graminearum (two strains), F. verticillioides, F. solani, F. culmorum, F. pseudograminearum, F. fujikuroi, F. acuminatum, F. avenaceum, F. equiseti, and F. oxysporum (12 strains). This led to identification of 52 NRPS and 52 PKSs orthology groups, respectively, and although not all PKSs and NRPSs are assumed to be intact or functional, the analyses illustrate the huge secondary metabolite potential in Fusarium. In our analyses we identified a core collection of eight NRPSs (NRPS2-4, 6, 10-13) and two PKSs (PKS3 and PKS7) that are conserved in all strains analyzed in this study. The identified PKSs and NRPSs were named based on a previously developed classification system (www.FusariumNRPSPKS.dk). We suggest this system be used when PKSs and NRPSs have to be classified in future sequenced Fusarium strains. This system will facilitate identification of orthologous and non-orthologous NRPSs and PKSs from newly sequenced Fusarium genomes and will aid the scientific community by providing a common nomenclature for these two groups of genes/enzymes.
authors.affiliation: NANORIPES Centre for Natural Non-Ribosomal Peptide Synthesis, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark.
authors.forename: Frederik T
authors.initials: FT
authors.lastname: Hansen
authors.affiliation: Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Agriculture Flagship, Queensland Bioscience Precinct, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
authors.forename: Donald M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Gardiner
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Health and Plant Protection, Bioforsk-Norwegian Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Research, 1430 Ås, Norway.
authors.forename: Erik
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lysøe
authors.affiliation: NANORIPES Centre for Natural Non-Ribosomal Peptide Synthesis, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark; Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark.
authors.forename: Patricia Romans
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Fuertes
authors.affiliation: Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology of Fungi, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany.
authors.forename: Bettina
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Tudzynski
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.
authors.forename: Philipp
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wiemann
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark.
authors.forename: Teis Esben
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Sondergaard
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark.
authors.forename: Henriette
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Giese
authors.affiliation: NANORIPES Centre for Natural Non-Ribosomal Peptide Synthesis, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark.
authors.forename: Ditlev E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Brodersen
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark. Electronic address: jls@bio.aau.dk.
authors.forename: Jens Laurids
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Sørensen
mesh_terms: D005656:Fungal Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics; D005670:Fusarium / Q000737:chemistry / Q000145:classification / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics*; D005800:Genes, Fungal; D010453:Peptide Synthases / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics*; D010802:Phylogeny; D048630:Polyketide Synthases / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics*; D009626:Terminology as Topic
chemical_list: D005656:Fungal Proteins; D048630:Polyketide Synthases; D010453:Peptide Synthases; C104385:non-ribosomal peptide synthase
keywords: NPRS; Non-ribosomal peptide synthetases; PKS; Polyketide synthases; Secondary metabolites