title: Delivery of placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells ameliorates ischemia induced limb injury by immunomodulation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is a major health burden in the world. Stem cell-based therapy has emerged as an attractive treatment option in regenerative medicine. In this study, we sought to test the hypothesis that stem cell-based therapy can ameliorate ischemia induced limb injury.
  
  
  METHODS
  We isolated mesenchymal stem cells derived from human placentas (PMSCs) and intramuscularly transplanted them into injured hind limbs. Treatment with PMSCs reduced acute muscle fibers apoptosis induced by ischemia.
  
  
  RESULTS
  PMSC treatment significantly enhanced regeneration of the injured hind limb by reducing fibrosis and enhancing running capacity when the animals were subjected to treadmill training. Mechanistically, injected PMSCs can modulate acute inflammatory responses by reducing neutrophil and macrophage infiltration following limb ischemia. ELISA assays further confirmed that PMSC treatment can also reduce pro-inflammatory cytokines, TNF-α and IL-6, and enhance anti-inflammatory cytokine, IL-10 at the injury sites.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Taken together, our results demonstrated that PMSCs can be a potential effective therapy for treatment of PAD via immunomodulation.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: T M Ayodele
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Adesanya
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Nanzi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.forename: Zhishui
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Minghuan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.forename: Ahmet
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kilic
authors.forename: Zhihong
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Hua
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Xiaoyun
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xie
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D064987:Cell- and Tissue-Based Therapy; D005121:Extremities / Q000293:injuries; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D056747:Immunomodulation; D045164:Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation; D051379:Mice; D058729:Peripheral Arterial Disease / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D010920:Placenta / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology; D011247:Pregnancy; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*