title: The association between hypertension and traumatic intracranial haemorrhage.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Control of blood pressure is considered essential in the management of trauma patients. In patients with head injuries, both hypotension and hypertension are associated with poor outcomes. The present study was undertaken to ascertain whether hypertension at emergency triage is associated with traumatic intracranial haemorrhage.
  
  
  METHODS
  From September 2012 to August 2013, data were collected prospectively for patients who presented with head injury and who received a brain CT examination at a university hospital. Factors associated with intracranial haemorrhage were identified, and logistic regression analysis was used to examine the association between hypertension at emergency department triage and traumatic brain haemorrhage.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of a total of 1457 patients enrolled in this study, 252 (17.3%) experienced traumatic intracranial haemorrhage. After controlling for factors associated with traumatic intracranial haemorrhage, an increased risk of intracranial haemorrhage following an initial brain CT scan was identified for patients presenting initially with a systolic blood pressure ≥ 180 mm Hg (odds ratio, 1.80; 95% confidence interval, 1.20-2.71, compared with those with 90-139 mm Hg).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The presence of hypertension at emergency triage is associated with traumatic intracranial haemorrhage.
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, No.6, West. Sec., Chia-Pu Road, Putz City, Chiayi County 613, Taiwan; Department of Nursing, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chiayi, Taiwan. Electronic address: richard_smith@mail2000.com.tw.
authors.forename: Kuang-Yu
authors.initials: KY
authors.lastname: Hsiao
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, No.6, West. Sec., Chia-Pu Road, Putz City, Chiayi County 613, Taiwan; Department of Nursing, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chiayi, Taiwan. Electronic address: a3456711@ms65.hinet.net.
authors.forename: Leng-Chieh
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupation Medicine, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, 199, Tung Hwa North Road, Taipei 105, Taiwan. Electronic address: 620313@cgmh.org.tw.
authors.forename: Wen-Cheng
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, No.6, West. Sec., Chia-Pu Road, Putz City, Chiayi County 613, Taiwan. Electronic address: m7099@cgmh.org.tw.
authors.forename: Martin Hisu-Chu
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, No.6, West. Sec., Chia-Pu Road, Putz City, Chiayi County 613, Taiwan. Electronic address: hatalove@cgmh.org.tw.
authors.forename: Cheng-Hsien
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, No.6, West. Sec., Chia-Pu Road, Putz City, Chiayi County 613, Taiwan. Electronic address: karenkhchen@mail2000.com.tw.
authors.forename: Kai-Hua
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D001794:Blood Pressure; D006259:Craniocerebral Trauma / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications*; D007022:Hypotension / Q000150:complications; D020198:Intracranial Hemorrhage, Traumatic / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
keywords: Emergency department; Hypertension; Intracranial haemorrhage; Traumatic brain injury