title: A rapid extraction method for glycogen from formalin-fixed liver.
abstract: Liver glycogen, a highly branched polymer, acts as our blood-glucose buffer. While past structural studies have extracted glycogen from fresh or frozen tissue using a cold-water, sucrose-gradient centrifugation technique, a method for the extraction of glycogen from formalin-fixed liver would allow the analysis of glycogen from human tissues that are routinely collected in pathology laboratories. In this study, both sucrose-gradient and formalin-fixed extraction techniques were carried out on piglet livers, with the yields, purities and size distributions (using size exclusion chromatography) compared. The formalin extraction technique, when combined with a protease treatment, resulted in higher yields (but lower purities) of glycogen with size distributions similar to the sucrose-gradient centrifugation technique. This formalin extraction procedure was also significantly faster, allowing glycogen extraction throughput to increase by an order of magnitude. Both extraction techniques were compatible with mass spectrometry proteomics, with analysis showing the two techniques were highly complementary.
authors.affiliation: Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China; The University of Queensland, Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia. Electronic address: m.sullivan7@uq.edu.au.
authors.forename: Mitchell A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Sullivan
authors.affiliation: Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China; The University of Queensland, Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia. Electronic address: shihan.li@uqconnect.edu.au.
authors.forename: Shihan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: The University of Queensland, Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia. Electronic address: samuel.aroney@uqconnect.edu.au.
authors.forename: Samuel T N
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Aroney
authors.affiliation: Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China. Electronic address: bindeng@hust.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.affiliation: Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China; The University of Queensland, Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia. Electronic address: cheng.li1@uqconnect.edu.au.
authors.forename: Cheng
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: The University of Queensland, Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia. Electronic address: e.roura@uq.edu.au.
authors.forename: Eugeni
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Roura
authors.affiliation: School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia. Electronic address: b.schulz@uq.edu.au.
authors.forename: Benjamin L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Schulz
authors.affiliation: Glycation and Diabetes Complications, Mater Research-UQ, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia. Electronic address: brooke.harcourt@mater.uq.edu.au.
authors.forename: Brooke E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Harcourt
authors.affiliation: Glycation and Diabetes Complications, Mater Research-UQ, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia; Mater Clinical School, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia. Electronic address: josephine.forbes@mater.uq.edu.au.
authors.forename: Josephine M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Forbes
authors.affiliation: Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China; The University of Queensland, Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia. Electronic address: b.gilbert@uq.edu.au.
authors.forename: Robert G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Gilbert
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005557:Formaldehyde / Q000737:chemistry*; D006003:Glycogen / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D006801:Humans; D008099:Liver / Q000737:chemistry*; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D005557:Formaldehyde; D006003:Glycogen
keywords: Formalin; Glycogen extraction; SEC