title: The effect of the aquatic contaminants bisphenol-A and PCB-95 on the zebrafish lateral line.
abstract: Environmental toxicants such as bisphenol-A (BPA) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are prevalent in our water supply, soil, and many food products and can profoundly affect the central nervous system. Both BPA and PCBs can disrupt endocrine signaling, which is important for auditory development and function, but the effect of these toxicants on the auditory periphery is not understood. In this study we investigated the effect of PCB-95 and BPA on lateral line development, function, and regeneration in larval zebrafish. The lateral line is a system of mechanosensory hair cells on the exterior of the fish that are homologous to the hair cells located in the mammalian inner ear. We found that PCB-95 had no effect on lateral line development or hair cell survival. BPA also did not affect lateral line development, but instead had a significant effect on both hair cell survival and regeneration. BPA-induced hair cell loss is both dose- and time-dependent, with concentrations of 1 μM or higher killing lateral line hair cells during a 24h exposure period. Pharmacologic manipulation experiments suggest that BPA kills hair cells via activation of oxidative stress pathways, similar to prior reports of BPA toxicity in other tissues. We also observed that hair cells killed with neomycin, a known ototoxin, failed to regenerate normally when BPA was present, suggesting that BPA in aquatic environments could impede innate regenerative responses in fishes. Collectively, these data demonstrate that BPA can have detrimental effects on sensory systems, both in aquatic life and perhaps in terrestrial organisms, including humans.
authors.affiliation: College of Arts and Sciences, Washington State University, Vancouver, WA, USA. Electronic address: lauren.hayashi@wsu.edu.
authors.forename: Lauren
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hayashi
authors.affiliation: College of Arts and Sciences, Washington State University, Vancouver, WA, USA. Electronic address: meghal.sheth23@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Meghal
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sheth
authors.affiliation: College of Arts and Sciences, Washington State University, Vancouver, WA, USA. Electronic address: a.young1204@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Young
authors.affiliation: College of Arts and Sciences, Washington State University, Vancouver, WA, USA. Electronic address: matthew.kruger@email.wsu.edu.
authors.forename: Matthew
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kruger
authors.affiliation: Department of Integrative Physiology and Neuroscience, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA. Electronic address: waymang@vetmed.wsu.edu.
authors.forename: Gary A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Wayman
authors.affiliation: College of Arts and Sciences, Washington State University, Vancouver, WA, USA; Department of Integrative Physiology and Neuroscience, Washington State University, Vancouver, WA, USA. Electronic address: Allison.coffin@wsu.edu.
authors.forename: Allison B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Coffin
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D030801:Animals, Genetically Modified; D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds / Q000633:toxicity*; D016923:Cell Death / Q000187:drug effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000633:toxicity*; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018069:Hair Cells, Vestibular / Q000187:drug effects*; D007814:Larva; D053403:Lateral Line System / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D010636:Phenols / Q000633:toxicity*; D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls / Q000633:toxicity*; D012038:Regeneration / Q000187:drug effects; D013997:Time Factors; D050821:Transcription Factor Brn-3C / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015027:Zebrafish / Q000254:growth & development; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds
chemical_list: D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds; D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D005978:Glutathione; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins; D010636:Phenols; D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls; D050821:Transcription Factor Brn-3C; C032904:2,2',3,5',6-pentachlorobiphenyl; C006780:bisphenol A; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds
keywords: Bisphenol-A; Hair cell; Hearing; Lateral line; Polychlorinated biphenyl