title: Rapid degradation of endosulfan by zero-valent zinc in water and soil.
abstract: Endosulfan has been included in the list of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in 2011. The degradation of endosulfan by zero-valent zinc in water and soil was first investigated. The results showed that >90% endosulfan could be degraded in 180 min. The degradation was accelerated under acidic conditions with the absence of dissolved oxygen, while the nature of the soil only exhibited a negligible effect. The half-life was decreased from 130.75 min to 41.75 min with the increment of Zn(0) from 0.1 g to 1 g in soil. The use of Zn(0) was more effective than Fe(0) for the degradation of endosulfan with a half-life of 110 min and 330 min. The cationic surfactant was more effective at enhancing the degradation of endosulfan than anionic and nonionic surfactant. The degradation pathway was speculated, and four chlorine of endosulfan were proposed to be reduced. The method exhibited obvious advantages over traditional endosulfan treatments, and the research results will lay a foundation for practical application of the method.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing 210095, PR China.
authors.forename: Lujing
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cong
authors.affiliation: College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: Department of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing 210095, PR China.
authors.forename: Jisong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing 210095, PR China.
authors.forename: Haiyan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: Department of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing 210095, PR China. Electronic address: wangmha@njau.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Minghua
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D004726:Endosulfan / Q000737:chemistry*; D052918:Environmental Restoration and Remediation; D006801:Humans; D007306:Insecticides / Q000737:chemistry*; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000737:chemistry*; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry; D014873:Water Pollutants / Q000737:chemistry*; D015032:Zinc / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D007306:Insecticides; D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D014873:Water Pollutants; D014867:Water; D015032:Zinc; D004726:Endosulfan
keywords: Endosulfan; POPs; Rapid degradation; Soil; Water; Zero-valent zinc