title: [The procedure of phlebotomy for clinical laboratory studies: perspectives of development of pre-analytical stage of laboratory process].
abstract: The study was carried out to analyze issues occurring under implementation by medical nurses the procedure of phlebotomy for laboratory studies in Russia and to compare with international experience for enhancing quality of pre-analytical stage of laboratory studies. The technique of sociological survey was applied. The sampling included 123 medical nurses of the Northern West federal okrug and the Ural federal okrug. The questionnaire referred to issues of application of phlebotomy. The results were compared to data of international survey concerning the pre-analytical stage of laboratory studies carried out by the working group of the European Federation of clinical chemistry and laboratory medicine (EFLM WG-PA). In Russia, the most frequent issues under blood drawing were dubbed analyses (80.4%), out-of-the-way placement of vein (39.9%), blood sampling in newborns and children aged up to 1 year (10.5%), casual pricks of needle (28%). The study established that among causes of repeated analyses were hemolysis (79.1%), "mixed up" samples of patients (15.7%), broken test tubes (5.2%). The survey determined that 19.6% of medical nurses had no training in blood drawing from vein for clinical laboratory studies. The international survey demonstrated that not all countries had both training programs on phlebotomy and national guidelines on its implementation. This issue requires an additional study. The training and educational programs for medical personnel occupied with phlebotomy are to be developed. The national standards are to be developed harmonized with international recommendations on implementation of this procedure to enhance quality of pre-analytical stage of laboratory studies.
authors.forename: S N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Kovalevskaia
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Khorovskaia
authors.forename: N G
authors.initials: NG
authors.lastname: Petrova
mesh_terms: D001800:Blood Specimen Collection; D019411:Clinical Laboratory Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D009726:Nurses; D018962:Phlebotomy / Q000379:methods*; D011786:Quality Control; D012426:Russia; D013048:Specimen Handling; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires