title: Greater frequency of nut consumption is associated with lower prevalence of peripheral arterial disease.
abstract: Nut consumption has been associated with lower risk of coronary heart disease and all-cause mortality. The association between nut intake and peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is uncertain.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We sought to investigate the association between nut consumption and presence of prevalent PAD in a large cross-sectional sample.
  
  
  METHODS
  Self-referred participants at >20,000 US sites who completed a medical and lifestyle questionnaire were evaluated by screening ankle brachial indices for PAD. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to estimate odds of PAD in different nut consumption categories.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among 3,312,403 individuals, mean age was 63.6 ± 10.6 years and 62.8% were female. There were 219,527 cases of PAD. After multivariable adjustment there was an inverse association of nut intake with PAD. Compared to subjects with consumption of nuts<once/month, daily nut consumption was associated with a 21% (95% CI 20%-23%) lower odds of having PAD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These observations suggest the need for more rigorous testing evaluating the role of nuts in PAD prevention.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York University School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, New York, NY, USA. Electronic address: sean.heffron@nyumc.org.
authors.forename: Sean P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Heffron
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York University School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, New York, NY, USA. Electronic address: caron.rockman@nyumc.org.
authors.forename: Caron B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Rockman
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York University School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, New York, NY, USA. Electronic address: eugenia.gianos@nyumc.org.
authors.forename: Eugenia
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gianos
authors.affiliation: Department of Population Health, Division of Biostatistics, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York University School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, New York, NY, USA. Electronic address: yu.guo@nyumc.org.
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York University School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, New York, NY, USA; Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York University School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, New York, NY, USA. Electronic address: jeffrey.berger@nyumc.org.
authors.forename: Jeffrey S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Berger
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D055109:Ankle Brachial Index / Q000379:methods; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004032:Diet; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009754:Nuts; D058729:Peripheral Arterial Disease / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: Nutrition; Nuts; Peripheral arterial disease