title: Assessment of circulating biochemical markers and antioxidative status in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients.
abstract: Various circulating biochemical markers are indicators of pathological state in leukemia and its subtypes. Increased oxidative stress and decreased antioxidant factors portray clear image associated with malignancies during subtypes of leukemia. In this research work we investigated the inter-relationship among the subtypes of leukemia with circulating biochemical markers and oxidative stress in the Pakistani population. This research work was conducted on a total number of 70 subjects in which 20 were control participants and 50 were suffering from leukemia and divided into two subtypes (ALL and AML). Various circulating biomarkers were investigated including hematological, hepatic and renal profiles as well as oxidative stress markers, electrolytes and vitamins C and E. Results show that vitamin E was found to be decreased in diseased sub-types (P < 0.05). Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were very high in disease sub-types (ALL-B = 8.69 ± 1.59; ALL-T = 8.78 ± 0.97; AML = 8.50 ± 1.29) compared to controls (1.22 ± 0.10; P < 0.05) while the levels of antioxidants [superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), reduced glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT)], platelets, as well as electrolytes (Ca and Mg) were reduced in patients suffering from leukemia (sub-types). Enhanced levels of oxidative stress (MDA) and decreased levels of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants reflect the pathological state and impaired cell control in patients suffering from leukemia (subtypes) and show a strong correlation with oxidative stress, indicating that patients' biological systems are under oxidative stress.
authors.affiliation: Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research (CEGMR), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Mahmood
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rasool
authors.affiliation: Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IMBB), The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Shahzad
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Farooq
authors.affiliation: Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IMBB), The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Arif
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Malik
authors.affiliation: Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IMBB), The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Aysha
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shaukat
authors.affiliation: Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IMBB), The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Abdul
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Manan
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology and Informatics, BUITEMS, Quetta, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Muhammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Asif
authors.affiliation: Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IMBB), The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Suleman
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sani
authors.affiliation: Centre for Research in Molecular Medicine (CRiMM), The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Mahmood Husain
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Qazi
authors.affiliation: King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Mohammad Amjad
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Kamal
authors.affiliation: College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University of Health Sciences, National Guards Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Zafar
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Iqbal
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology and Informatics, BUITEMS, Quetta, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Abrar
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hussain
keywords: ALL; AML; Antioxidants; Electrolytes; Leukemia; MDA; Oxidative stress