title: Neuroprotective effects of tetracyclines on blunt head trauma: An experimental study on rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Prevention of primary damage caused by head trauma may be avoided with protective measures and techniques which is a public health concern. Experimental and clinical studies about treatment of head trauma were all centered to prevent secondary damage caused by physiopathological changes following primary injury. Neuroprotective features of tetracyclines were the focus of several experimental studies in the last decade. In the present study we aimed to investigate the neuroprotective effects of tetracycline in an experimental model of blunt brain injury in rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  32 male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four experimental groups (n = 8). Head trauma was not performed in control group (group 1, craniectomy only). In the second group, head trauma and craniectomy were performed. Intraperitoneal saline was used in addition to trauma and craniectomy for treatment in group 3 whereas intraperitoneal tetracycline and saline were used for treatment in group 4.
  
  
  RESULTS
  When histological examinations performed by transmission electron microscopy were evaluated, injury at ultrastructural level was demonstrated to be less pronounced in tetracycline group with decreased lipid peroxidation levels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In accordance with these findings, we conclude that systemic tetracycline administration is effective in reduction of secondary brain damage and brain edema and thus it may be considered as a therapeutic option.
authors.affiliation: Yunus Emre State Hospital, Neurosurgery Clinics, Eskisehir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ozhan Merzuk
authors.initials: OM
authors.lastname: Uckun
authors.affiliation: Ankara Numune Education and Research Hospital, Neurosurgery Clinics, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Fatih
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Alagoz
authors.affiliation: Sahit Kamil State Hospital, Neurosurgery Clinics, Gaziantep, Turkey.
authors.forename: Mehmet
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Secer
authors.affiliation: Ankara Numune Education and Research Hospital, Neurosurgery Clinics, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Oguz
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Karakoyun
authors.affiliation: Afsin State Hospital, Neurosurgery Clinics, Kahramanmaras, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ayhan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ocakcioglu
authors.affiliation: Ankara Numune Education and Research Hospital, Neurosurgery Clinics, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ali Erdem
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Yildirim
authors.affiliation: Ankara Numune Education and Research Hospital, Emergency Clinics, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Fevzi
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Yımaz
authors.affiliation: Ankara Numune Education and Research Hospital, Neurosurgery Clinics, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Mert
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sahinoglu
authors.affiliation: Ankara Numune Education and Research Hospital, Neurosurgery Clinics, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Denizhan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Divanlioglu
authors.affiliation: Ankara Numune Education and Research Hospital, Neurosurgery Clinics, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dalgic
authors.affiliation: Ankara Numune Education and Research Hospital, Neurosurgery Clinics, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ergun
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Daglioglu
authors.affiliation: Ankara Numune Education and Research Hospital, Neurosurgery Clinics, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ahmet Deniz
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Belen
keywords: Lipid peroxidation; neuroprotection; rat head trauma; secondary brain injury; tetracycline