title: Determination and pharmacokinetic study of gentiopicroside, geniposide, baicalin, and swertiamarin in Chinese herbal formulae after oral administration in rats by LC-MS/MS.
abstract: A sensitive and efficient liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was developed for the simultaneous determination of gentiopicroside, geniposide, baicalin, and swertiamarin in rat plasma. To avoid the stress caused by restraint or anesthesia, a freely moving rat model was used to investigate the pharmacokinetics of herbal medicine after the administration of a traditional Chinese herbal prescription of Long-Dan-Xie-Gan-Tang (10 g/kg, p.o.). Analytes were separated by a C18 column with a gradient system of methanol-water containing 1 mM ammonium acetate with 0.1% formic acid. The linear ranges were 10-500 ng/mL for gentiopicroside, geniposide, and baicalin, and 5-250 ng/mL for swertiamarin in biological samples. The intra- and inter-day precision (relative standard deviation) ranged from 0.9% to 11.4% and 0.3% to 14.4%, respectively. The accuracy (relative error) was from -6.3% to 10.1% at all quality control levels. The analytical system provided adequate matrix effect and recovery with good precision and accuracy. The pharmacokinetic data demonstrated that the area under concentration-time curve (AUC) values of gentiopicroside, geniposide, baicalin, and swertiamarin were 1417 ± 83.8, 302 ± 25.8, 753 ± 86.2, and 2.5 ± 0.1 min µg/mL. The pharmacokinetic profiles provide constructive information for the dosage regimen of herbal medicine and also contribute to elucidate the absorption mechanism in herbal applications and pharmacological experiments.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Traditional Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, No. 155, Sec. 2, Li-Nong St, Beitou District, Taipei 11221, Taiwan. a121060@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Chia-Ming
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Institute of Traditional Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, No. 155, Sec. 2, Li-Nong St, Beitou District, Taipei 11221, Taiwan. lclin@nricm.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Lie-Chwen
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Institute of Traditional Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, No. 155, Sec. 2, Li-Nong St, Beitou District, Taipei 11221, Taiwan. thtsai@ym.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Tung-Hu
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Tsai
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D019540:Area Under Curve; D002850:Chromatography, Gel; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D057888:Iridoid Glucosides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D039823:Iridoids / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D057230:Limit of Detection; D008297:Male; D011753:Pyrones / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry
chemical_list: D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; D005419:Flavonoids; D057888:Iridoid Glucosides; D039823:Iridoids; D011753:Pyrones; C550522:longdan xiegan tang; C012997:gentiopicroside; C007835:geniposide; C038044:baicalin; C013270:swertiamarin