title: Translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the Pediatric Sleep Questionnaire into Portuguese language.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The need for culturally appropriate and linguistically accessible instruments for assessing sleep quality among children has expanded. The Pediatric Sleep Questionnaire (PSQ) is a validated tool for sleep disordered breathing among children. Our aim was to cross-culturally translate and adapt the PSQ into Portuguese language for use in clinical and research settings.
  
  
  METHODS
  The PSQ was translated into Portuguese language in accordance with the stages recommended by International Guidelines and reviewed by a panel of experts. The caregivers of 180 children (aged from 4 to 12 years) answered the Portuguese version of PSQ. The reliability of the translated questionnaire was measured by Cronbach α, Pearson correlation and Kappa statistics.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Reliability analysis yielded an overall Cronbach α of 0.781, confirming the survey's consistency. The Cronbach α of the Portuguese PSQ domains ranged between 0.61 and 0.7. Test-retest reliability for all items was robust with correctness of >90.0% in all items, and the Kappa statistic ranged between 0.5 and 0.8.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Portuguese version of PSQ has sufficient reliability and validity to measure sleep disordered breathing outcomes, and showed to be linguistically accurate and acceptable for use by children in Portugal.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hospital Sao Sebastiao, Sta Maria da Feira, Portugal; CINTESIS - Center for Research in Health Technologies and Information Systems, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal. Electronic address: victorcertal@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Victor
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Certal
authors.affiliation: CINTESIS - Center for Research in Health Technologies and Information Systems, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: Filipa Flor
authors.initials: FF
authors.lastname: de Lima
authors.affiliation: Department of Pulmonology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: João C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Winck
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: Inês
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Azevedo
authors.affiliation: CINTESIS - Center for Research in Health Technologies and Information Systems, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: Altamiro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Costa-Pereira
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003469:Culture; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011174:Portugal; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012891:Sleep Apnea Syndromes / Q000175:diagnosis*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014175:Translating
keywords: Paediatric sleep apnea; Questionnaire; Translation