title: Vertical bone augmentation induced by ultrathin hydroxyapatite sputtered coated mini titanium implants in a rabbit calvaria model.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The purpose of this study was to evaluate the vertical new bone formation induced by sputtered HA-coated titanium implants (HA-coated) compared with sandblasted acid-etched titanium implants (noncoated) in a rabbit calvarial model.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty HA-coated and 20 noncoated titanium implants were divided equally into four groups as HA-coated implant (HA); noncoated implant (NC); HA-coated implant with membrane (HA/M); noncoated implant with membrane (NC/M). All implants were placed 5 mm above the original bone (OB). Collagen membranes were placed over the implants in HA/M and NC/M groups. The animals were sacrificed at 4 weeks (n = 5) and 8 weeks (n = 5). Vertical bone height above OB (VBH, mm) and augmented bone area (ABA, mm(2) ) were analyzed histologically and radiographically.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At 4 weeks, VBH reached significantly higher level in HA/M group compared with other three groups (p < 0.05). At 8 weeks, significant difference was detected between HA/M and NC groups (p < 0.05). At 4 and 8 weeks, ABA in HA/M group was significantly larger compared with other three groups (p < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present results indicated that sputtered HA-coated titanium implant together with collagen membrane could be a novel and effective approach for vertical bone augmentation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Implantology and Regenerative Dental Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Implantology and Regenerative Dental Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.|Department of Oral and maxillofacial surgery, Pharos University in Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt.
authors.forename: Osama
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Zakaria
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Medicine, Periodontology, Oral Diagnosis, and Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
authors.forename: Marwa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Madi
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Implantology and Regenerative Dental Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Jia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hao
authors.affiliation: Advanced Tissue Engineering and Drug Delivery Group, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
authors.forename: Joshua
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chou
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Implantology and Regenerative Dental Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Shohei
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kasugai
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018786:Bone Substitutes / Q000737:chemistry*; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible / Q000737:chemistry*; D017886:Durapatite / Q000737:chemistry*; D019736:Prostheses and Implants; D011817:Rabbits; D012886:Skull / Q000293:injuries* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D018786:Bone Substitutes; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D017886:Durapatite; D014025:Titanium
keywords: Vertical bone augmentation; collagen membrane; dental implants; hydroxyapatite coating; sputtered coating