title: Faecal carriage of carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative bacilli in hospital settings in southern France.
abstract: The emergence of carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative bacilli is a worldwide problem. To date, no study has evaluated the prevalence of faecal carriage of carbapenemase-producing and carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacilli (CR GNB) in France. From 1 February to 30 April 2012, we conducted a prospective, multicentre study in three University Hospitals and four General Hospitals in the south of France. The carriage of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) and other CR GNB was screened by both cultivation on chromID® CARBA and chromID® OXA-48 media (bioMérieux) and molecular tools [multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and NucliSENS EasyQ® KPC (bioMérieux)]. The genetic relationship between isolates was assessed by rep-PCR (DiversiLab, bioMérieux) or multilocus sequence typing (MLST). The prevalences of CR GNB and carbapenemase-producing bacteria were 2.4 % (27/1,135) and 0.4 % (n = 5), respectively. Two strains corresponded to OXA-23-producing Acinetobacter baumannii and belonged to the widespread sequence type (ST) 2/international clone II, whereas one strain was an ST15 OXA-48-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae. Two OXA-48-producers were detected exclusively by PCR. This first French study revealed the very low dissemination of carbapenemase-producing bacteria in patients attending hospitals in southern France during a non-outbreak situation. However, the increasing description of epidemic cases in this area must reinforce the use of hygiene procedures to prevent diffusion of these multidrug-resistant microorganisms.
authors.affiliation: Service de Microbiologie, CHU Carémeau, Place du Professeur Robert Debré, Nîmes, France.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pantel
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Marchandin
authors.forename: M-F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Prère
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Boutet-Dubois
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Brieu-Roche
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gaschet
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Davin-Regli
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sotto
authors.forename: J-P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Lavigne
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D001431:Bacteriological Techniques; D002353:Carrier State / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005602:France / Q000453:epidemiology; D006090:Gram-Negative Bacteria / Q000201:enzymology / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D016905:Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D006769:Hospitals, General; D006785:Hospitals, University; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D011446:Prospective Studies; D055815:Young Adult; D001618:beta-Lactamases / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D001618:beta-Lactamases; C063912:carbapenemase