title: The PREDICTS database: a global database of how local terrestrial biodiversity responds to human impacts.
abstract: Biodiversity continues to decline in the face of increasing anthropogenic pressures such as habitat destruction, exploitation, pollution and introduction of alien species. Existing global databases of species' threat status or population time series are dominated by charismatic species. The collation of datasets with broad taxonomic and biogeographic extents, and that support computation of a range of biodiversity indicators, is necessary to enable better understanding of historical declines and to project - and avert - future declines. We describe and assess a new database of more than 1.6 million samples from 78 countries representing over 28,000 species, collated from existing spatial comparisons of local-scale biodiversity exposed to different intensities and types of anthropogenic pressures, from terrestrial sites around the world. The database contains measurements taken in 208 (of 814) ecoregions, 13 (of 14) biomes, 25 (of 35) biodiversity hotspots and 16 (of 17) megadiverse countries. The database contains more than 1% of the total number of all species described, and more than 1% of the described species within many taxonomic groups - including flowering plants, gymnosperms, birds, mammals, reptiles, amphibians, beetles, lepidopterans and hymenopterans. The dataset, which is still being added to, is therefore already considerably larger and more representative than those used by previous quantitative models of biodiversity trends and responses. The database is being assembled as part of the PREDICTS project (Projecting Responses of Ecological Diversity In Changing Terrestrial Systems - http://www.predicts.org.uk). We make site-level summary data available alongside this article. The full database will be publicly available in 2015.
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authors.affiliation: International Rice Research Institute DAPO Box 7777, Metro Manila, The Philippines.
authors.forename: Finbarr G
authors.initials: FG
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authors.affiliation: University of Debrecen, Department of Ecology PO Box 71, 4010, Debrecen, Hungary.
authors.forename: Roland
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authors.affiliation: Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Kristoffer
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authors.affiliation: Instituto de Investigaciones y Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt Bogotá, Colombia.
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authors.initials: VJ
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authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Ecology, Justus-Liebig University Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392, Giessen, Germany.
authors.forename: Birgit
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authors.affiliation: Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Ecology Box 7044, 750 07, Uppsala, Sweden.
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authors.affiliation: Yukon Department of Environment P.O. Box 2703, Whitehorse, YT, Y1A 2C6, Canada.
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authors.affiliation: Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science (TESS) and School of Marine and Tropical Biology, James Cook University Cairns, Qld, Australia ; School of Science and Technology, Pacific Adventist University Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea.
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authors.affiliation: Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern Baltzerstrasse 6, 3012, Bern, Switzerland.
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authors.affiliation: Institute of Ecology, University of Bremen FB2, Leobener Str., 28359, Bremen, Germany.
authors.forename: Annette
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authors.affiliation: MTA-ELTE-MTM Ecology Research Group Pázmány Péter s. 1/c, Budapest, 1117, Hungary, Germany ; Field Station Fabrikschleichach, Biocenter, University of Würzburg Glasshüttenstr. 5, 96181, Rauhenebrach, Germany.
authors.forename: Ádám
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authors.forename: Thibault
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authors.affiliation: Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria EEA Bariloche, 8400, Bariloche, Argentina.
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authors.affiliation: INRA, UR 406 Abeilles et Environnement F-84914, Avignon, France.
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authors.affiliation: The University of Queensland, School of Biological Sciences Brisbane, Qld, 4120, Australia.
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authors.initials: JR
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authors.affiliation: CONICET, Lab. INIBIOMA (Universidad Nacional del Comahue-CONICET) Pasaje Gutierrez 1125, 8400, Bariloche, Rio Negro, Argentina.
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authors.initials: CL
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authors.affiliation: National Museums of Kenya, Botany Department P.O. Box 40658, 00100, Nairobi, Kenya.
authors.forename: Mary N
authors.initials: MN
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authors.affiliation: Department of Zoology, National Museums of Kenya P.O. Box 40658, 00100, Nairobi, Kenya.
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authors.affiliation: WWF 1250 24th Street NW, Washington, District of Columbia, 20037, China.
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authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden CAS, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan, 666303, China.
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authors.affiliation: Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (BiK-F), Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung Senckenberganlage 25, 60325, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
authors.forename: Eike L
authors.initials: EL
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authors.affiliation: Department of Biosciences and Department of Environmental Sciences, Urban Ecology Research Group, University of Helsinki Viikinkaari 2a, P.O. Box 65, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Norbertas
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authors.affiliation: BIO-Diverse Ließemer Str. 32 a, 53179 Bonn, Germany.
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authors.initials: NM
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authors.affiliation: Oxford University Centre for the Environment, University of Oxford South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QY, U.K.
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authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Oduro
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authors.affiliation: Department of Animal & Environmental Biology, University of Benin Benin City, Nigeria.
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authors.affiliation: The Royal Society for the Protection of Birds (RSPB), The Lodge Sandy, Bedfordshire,, SG19 2DL, U.K.
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authors.affiliation: Laboratorio Ecotono, CONICET-INIBIOMA, Universidad Nacional del Comahue Quintral 1250, Bariloche, 8400, Argentina.
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authors.affiliation: Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal (CONICET-UNC) and Centro de Zoología Aplicada (UNC) Rondeau 798 X5000AVP, Córdoba, Argentina.
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authors.affiliation: Lund University, Department of Biology/Biodiversity Ecology Building, 223 62, Lund, Sweden.
authors.forename: Anna S
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authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Biogeography & Ecology, Department of Geography, University of the Aegean 81100, Mytilene, Greece.
authors.forename: Theodora
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authors.affiliation: Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge Cambridge, CB2 3EJ, U.K.
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authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Western Kentucky University 1906 College Heights Blvd., Bowling Green, Kentucky, 42101, Ireland.
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authors.affiliation: Entomology, Cornell University 4126 Comstock Hall, Ithaca, New York, 14850, Ireland.
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authors.affiliation: School of Natural Sciences, Trinity College Dublin College Green, Dublin 2, Ireland.
authors.forename: Eileen F
authors.initials: EF
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authors.affiliation: Center for Environmental Sciences and Engineering & Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut 3107 Horsebarn Hill Road, Storrs, Connecticut, 06269-4210, Portugal.
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authors.affiliation: Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern Baltzerstrasse 6, 3012, Bern, Switzerland.
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authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Watling
authors.affiliation: The Environment Institute and School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Adelaide SA, 5005, Australia ; Institute of Experimental Ecology, University of Ulm Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89069, Ulm, Germany.
authors.forename: Konstans
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wells
authors.affiliation: Behavioural Ecology and Biocontrol, Department of Biology, National University of Ireland Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland.
authors.forename: Christopher D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.affiliation: Center for Environmental Sciences & Engineering, University of Connecticut 3107 Horsebarn Hill Road, Storrs, Connecticut, 06269-4210, Australia ; Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut 3107 Horsebarn Hill Road, Storrs, Connecticut, 06269-4210, Australia.
authors.forename: Michael R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Willig
authors.affiliation: Charles Darwin University 7 Ellengowan Dr, Brinkin, NT, 0810, Australia.
authors.forename: John C Z
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Woinarski
authors.affiliation: University of Amsterdam, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED) P.O. Box 94248, 1090 GE, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Jan H D
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Wolf
authors.affiliation: NERC Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Crowmarsh Gifford Wallingford, Oxfordshire, OX10 8BB, U.K.
authors.forename: Ben A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Woodcock
authors.affiliation: University of East Anglia Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Norfolk,, NR4 7TJ, U.K ; Kunming Institute of Zoology Kunming, Yunnan,, 650023, China.
authors.forename: Douglas W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Institute of Animal Ecology, Justus-Liebig-University Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26, 35392, Giessen, Germany ; A. N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution Leninsky Prospekt 33, 119071, Moscow, Russia.
authors.forename: Andrey S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Zaitsev
authors.affiliation: Centre for Biodiversity and Environment Research, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, U.K.
authors.forename: Ben
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Collen
authors.affiliation: Imperial College London Silwood Park Campus, Buckhurst Road, Ascot, SL5 7PY, U.K.
authors.forename: Rob M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Ewers
authors.affiliation: Centre for Biodiversity and Environment Research, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, U.K.
authors.forename: Georgina M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Mace
authors.affiliation: Computational Ecology and Environmental Science, Microsoft Research 21 Station Road, Cambridge, CB1 2FB, U.K.
authors.forename: Drew W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Purves
authors.affiliation: United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre 219 Huntingdon Road, Cambridge, CB3 0DL, U.K ; School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex Brighton, BN1 9QG, U.K.
authors.forename: Jörn P W
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Scharlemann
authors.affiliation: Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum Cromwell Road, London, SW7 5BD, U.K ; Imperial College London Silwood Park Campus, Buckhurst Road, Ascot, SL5 7PY, U.K.
authors.forename: Andy
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Purvis
keywords: Data sharing; global change; habitat destruction; land use