title: An ultra scale-down analysis of the recovery by dead-end centrifugation of human cells for therapy.
abstract: An ultra scale-down method is described to determine the response of cells to recovery by dead-end (batch) centrifugation under commercially defined manufacturing conditions. The key variables studied are the cell suspension hold time prior to centrifugation, the relative centrifugal force (RCF), time of centrifugation, cell pellet resuspension velocities, and number of resuspension passes. The cell critical quality attributes studied are the cell membrane integrity and the presence of selected surface markers. Greater hold times and higher RCF values for longer spin times all led to the increased loss of cell membrane integrity. However, this loss was found to occur during intense cell resuspension rather than the preceding centrifugation stage. Controlled resuspension at low stress conditions below a possible critical stress point led to essentially complete cell recovery even at conditions of extreme centrifugation (e.g., RCF of 10000 g for 30 mins) and long (~2 h) holding times before centrifugation. The susceptibility to cell loss during resuspension under conditions of high stress depended on cell type and the age of cells before centrifugation and the level of matrix crosslinking within the cell pellet as determined by the presence of detachment enzymes or possibly the nature of the resuspension medium. Changes in cell surface markers were significant in some cases but to a lower extent than loss of cell membrane integrity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemical Engineering, Advanced Centre for Biochemical Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, London, WC1E 7JE, UK.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Delahaye
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lawrence
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Ward
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hoare
mesh_terms: D002460:Cell Line; D002469:Cell Separation / Q000379:methods*; D064987:Cell- and Tissue-Based Therapy; D002498:Centrifugation / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans
keywords: cell quality; cell therapy; centrifugation; human cells; ultra scale-down