title: Three-dimensional CaP/gelatin lattice scaffolds with integrated osteoinductive surface topographies for bone tissue engineering.
abstract: Surface topography is known to influence stem cells and has been widely used as physical stimuli to modulate cellular behaviour including adhesion, proliferation and differentiation on 2D surfaces. Integration of well-defined surface topography into three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds for tissue engineering would be useful to direct the cell fate for intended applications. Technical challenges are remaining as how to fabricate such 3D scaffolds with controlled surface topography from a range of biodegradable and biocompatible materials. In this paper, a novel fabrication process using computer numerically controlled machining and lamination is reported to make 3D calcium phosphate/gelatin composite scaffolds with integrated surface micropatterns that are introduced by embossing prior to machining. Geometric analysis shows that this method is versatile and can be used to make a wide range of lattices with porosities that meet the basic requirements for bone tissue engineering. Both in vitro and in vivo studies show that micropatterned composite scaffolds with surfaces comprising 40 μm pits and 50 μm grooves were optimal for improved osteogenesis. The results have demonstrated the potential of a novel fabrication process for producing cell-instructive scaffolds with designed surface topographies to induce specific tissue regeneration.
authors.affiliation: School of Oral and Dental Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS1 2LY, UK.
authors.forename: Danish
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Nadeem
authors.forename: Carol-Anne
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Matthew J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Dalby
authors.forename: R M Dominic
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Meek
authors.forename: Sien
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Gang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Su
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology*; D002130:Calcium Phosphates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D005780:Gelatin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D055616:Microtechnology; D016348:Osseointegration / Q000187:drug effects*; D053495:Osteopontin / Q000378:metabolism; D016062:Porosity; D011817:Rabbits; D011884:Radius / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000187:drug effects; D013499:Surface Properties; D034421:Sus scrofa; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods*; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds / Q000737:chemistry*; D055114:X-Ray Microtomography
chemical_list: D002130:Calcium Phosphates; D053495:Osteopontin; D005780:Gelatin; C020243:calcium phosphate