title: Effects of growth hormone-releasing hormone on visceral fat, metabolic, and cardiovascular indices in human studies.
abstract: Increased visceral adipose tissue (VAT) is associated with reductions in endogenous GH secretion, possibly as a result of hyperinsulinemia, increased circulating free fatty acid, increased somatostatin tone, and reduced ghrelin. Reduced GH may, in turn, further exacerbate visceral fat accumulation because of decreased hormone-sensitive lipolysis in this depot. Data from multiple populations demonstrate that both reduced GH and increased VAT appear to contribute independently to dyslipidemia, increased systemic inflammation, and increased cardiovascular risk. The reductions in GH in states of visceral adiposity are characterized by reduced basal and pulsatile GH secretion with intact pulse frequency. Treatment with GH-releasing hormone (GHRH) provides a means to reverse these abnormalities, increasing endogenous basal and pulsatile GH secretion without altering pulse frequency. This review describes data from HIV-infected individuals and individuals with general obesity showing that treatment with GHRH significantly reduces visceral fat, ameliorates dyslipidemia, and reduces markers of cardiovascular risk. Further research is needed regarding the long-term efficacy and safety of this treatment modality.
authors.affiliation: Program in Nutritional Metabolism, Neuroendocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Takara L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Stanley
authors.affiliation: Program in Nutritional Metabolism, Neuroendocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. Electronic address: sgrinspoon@partners.org.
authors.forename: Steven K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Grinspoon
mesh_terms: D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D013007:Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006305:Health Status Indicators; D019382:Human Growth Hormone / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000378:metabolism; D050152:Intra-Abdominal Fat / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008659:Metabolic Diseases / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D009765:Obesity / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D019382:Human Growth Hormone; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; D013007:Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone
keywords: Cardiovascular risk; Growth hormone; Growth hormone–releasing hormone; Obesity; Visceral obesity