title: Measurement of microelectric potentials in a bioelectrically-active wound care device in the presence of bacteria.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Wound healing is enhanced in the presence of an external electrical field. The purpose of this study was first to investigate whether microelectric potentials (EPs) can be generated when the innovative design of a silver (Ag)- and zinc (Zn)-printed wound care device was exposed to saline solution which is commonly used to clean wound sites; and second to measure the generated EPs while the device was exposed to bacterial culture suspensions to mimic infection.
  
  
  METHODS
  An Ag/Zn-printed test specimen as a wound care device was designed to accommodate Ag and Zn half-cell potentials by alternatively printing them on a woven polyester material in a well-characterised dot matrix pattern. A well-calibrated high impedance EPs measuring system was used to measure any EPs generated. Ultrasensitive inductively coupled plasma analysis was performed to determine whether the device induced any increase in trace metals in rabbit blood following implantation for 2-4 weeks.
  
  
  RESULTS
  EPs were consistently generated under various conductive solutions at the levels of 120.4±26.3mV (average±standard deviation) on Ag dots and -506.5±76.3mV over Zn dots to form microcircuits with EPs of 626.7±86.3mV between the Ag and Zn metallic elements of the dressing. Interestingly, the patterns of EPs generated with stable polarities were consistent when the device was exposed to bacterial suspensions for mimicking wound infection. Implantation of the device did not cause any increase in Ag or Zn in rabbit blood.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Ag/Zn-printed wound device generated sustained EPs successfully in the presence of various conductive fluids without changing EPs including polarities. Consistently generated EPs at each battery couple with Ag/Zn-based wound device would restore disrupted physiologic bioelectric signals on wound sites, which could lead to improved wound healing.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  The opinions or assertions contained herein are the private views of the authors and are not to be construed as official or as reflecting the views of the US Department of the Army, the US Department of Defense, the Department of Veterans Affairs, or the Henry M. Jackson Foundation for Advancement of Military Medicine. The research was supported by the US Air Force medical support agency (AFMSA), office of the Air Force Surgeon General, USA.
authors.affiliation: 1 Diagnostics and Translational Research Center, The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Gaithersburg, MD, USA;
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: I R S
authors.initials: IR
authors.lastname: Makin
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Skiba
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Izadjoo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018407:Bacterial Physiological Phenomena; D004599:Electric Stimulation Therapy / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D011817:Rabbits; D012834:Silver; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000502:physiology*; D014946:Wound Infection / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000628:therapy*; D015032:Zinc
chemical_list: D012834:Silver; D015032:Zinc
keywords: advanced wound healing; antimicrobial; bioelectric; electric potential; microcurrent; silver/zinc dressing