title: A heavy burden on young minds: the global burden of mental and substance use disorders in children and youth.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Mental and substance use disorders are common and often persistent, with many emerging in early life. Compared to adult mental and substance use disorders, the global burden attributable to these disorders in children and youth has received relatively little attention.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010 was used to investigate the burden of mental and substance disorders in children and youth aged 0-24 years. Burden was estimated in terms of disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), derived from the sum of years lived with disability (YLDs) and years of life lost (YLLs).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Globally, mental and substance use disorders are the leading cause of disability in children and youth, accounting for a quarter of all YLDs (54.2 million). In terms of DALYs, they ranked 6th with 55.5 million DALYs (5.7%) and rose to 5th when mortality burden of suicide was reattributed. While mental and substance use disorders were the leading cause of DALYs in high-income countries (HICs), they ranked 7th in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) due to mortality attributable to infectious diseases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Mental and substance use disorders are significant contributors to disease burden in children and youth across the globe. As reproductive health and the management of infectious diseases improves in LMICs, the proportion of disease burden in children and youth attributable to mental and substance use disorders will increase, necessitating a realignment of health services in these countries.
authors.affiliation: School of Population Health, University of Queensland,Herston,Queensland,Australia.
authors.forename: H E
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Erskine
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology and Neuroscience,Duke University,Durham,NC,USA.
authors.forename: T E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Moffitt
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences,Duke University Medical Center,Durham,NC,USA.
authors.forename: W E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Copeland
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences,Duke University Medical Center,Durham,NC,USA.
authors.forename: E J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Costello
authors.affiliation: School of Population Health, University of Queensland,Herston,Queensland,Australia.
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Ferrari
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatrics,University of Melbourne,Melbourne,Victoria,Australia.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Patton
authors.affiliation: Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington,Seattle,Washington,USA.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Degenhardt
authors.affiliation: Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington,Seattle,Washington,USA.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Vos
authors.affiliation: School of Population Health, University of Queensland,Herston,Queensland,Australia.
authors.forename: H A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Whiteford
authors.affiliation: Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research,Wacol,Queensland,Australia.
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Scott
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D017281:Cost of Illness; D006233:Persons with Disabilities / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D014943:Global Health / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000401:mortality; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000401:mortality; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: mental and substance use disorders