title: A novel and simple treatment for control of sulfide induced sewer concrete corrosion using free nitrous acid.
abstract: Improved technologies are currently required for mitigating microbially induced concrete corrosion caused by the oxidation of sulfide to sulfuric acid in sewer systems. This study presents a novel strategy for reducing H2S oxidation on concrete surfaces that accommodate an active corrosion biofilm. The strategy aims to reduce biological oxidation of sulfide through treating the corrosion biofilm with free nitrous acid (FNA, i.e. HNO2). Two concrete coupons with active corrosion activity and surface pH of 3.8 ± 0.3 and 2.7 ± 0.2 were sprayed with nitrite. For both coupons, the H2S uptake rates were reduced by 84%-92% 15 days after the nitrite spray. No obvious recovery of the H2S uptake rate was observed during the entire experimental period (up to 12 months after the spray), indicating the long-term effectiveness of the FNA treatment in controlling the activity of the corrosion-causing biofilms. Live/Dead staining tests on the microorganisms on the concrete coupon surfaces demonstrated that viable bacterial cells decreased by > 80% 39 h after the nitrite spray, suggesting that biofilm cells were killed by the treatment. Examination of a corrosion layer within a suspended solution, containing the corrosion-causing biofilms, indicated that biological activity (ATP level and ratio of viable bacterial cells) was severely decreased by the treatment, confirming the bactericidal effect of FNA on the microorganisms in the biofilms. While field trials are still required to verify its effectiveness, it has been demonstrated here that the FNA spray is potentially a very cheap and effective strategy to reduce sewer corrosion.
authors.affiliation: Advanced Water Management Centre, Gehrmann Building, Research Road, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia. Electronic address: x.sun@awmc.uq.edu.au.
authors.forename: Xiaoyan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Advanced Water Management Centre, Gehrmann Building, Research Road, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia. Electronic address: g.jiang@awmc.uq.edu.au.
authors.forename: Guangming
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Advanced Water Management Centre, Gehrmann Building, Research Road, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia. Electronic address: phil.bond@awmc.uq.edu.au.
authors.forename: Philip L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Bond
authors.affiliation: Advanced Water Management Centre, Gehrmann Building, Research Road, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia. Electronic address: j.keller@awmc.uq.edu.au.
authors.forename: Jurg
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Keller
authors.affiliation: Advanced Water Management Centre, Gehrmann Building, Research Road, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia. Electronic address: z.yuan@awmc.uq.edu.au.
authors.forename: Zhiguo
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yuan
mesh_terms: D018407:Bacterial Physiological Phenomena; D018441:Biofilms; D003252:Construction Materials / Q000032:analysis*; D003343:Corrosion; D009608:Nitrous Acid / Q000737:chemistry*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D013440:Sulfides / Q000737:chemistry*; D018508:Water Purification / Q000379:methods*; D014881:Water Supply
chemical_list: D013440:Sulfides; D009608:Nitrous Acid
keywords: Concrete; Corrosion; Free nitrous acid; Hydrogen sulfide; Sewer