title: Effects of stellate ganglion block on cardiovascular reaction and heart rate variability in elderly patients during anesthesia induction and endotracheal intubation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effects of stellate ganglion block (SGB) on cardiovascular response and heart rate (HR) variability in elderly patients during anesthesia induction and endotracheal intubation.
  
  
  METHODS
  A randomized, double-blinded, and placebo-controlled study.
  
  
  METHODS
  University-affiliated teaching hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty elderly patients (American Society of Anesthesiologists grades I and II) receiving elective surgery during general anesthesia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Right stellate ganglion injection (SGB) was performed in all patients using 10 mL of 1% lidocaine or normal saline.
  
  
  METHODS
  Systolic blood pressure (BP), diastolic BP, HR, and calculated rate pressure product. HR variability at the following time points: conscious status before induction (T0); immediately before intubation (T1); immediately after intubation (T2); and 1, 3, and 5 minutes postintubation (T3, T4, and T5).
  
  
  RESULTS
  No significant differences in BP and HR were observed between the 2 groups. Rate pressure product values significantly increased in the control group compared with baseline and SGB group values. Low-frequency power (LF) and LF/high-frequency power (HF) significantly increased, and HF and normalized units of HF significantly decreased in the control group compared with baseline values. LF, normalized units of LF, and LF/HF in the SGB group significantly decreased compared with those of the control group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SGB protects the myocardium and effectively suppresses stress responses during anesthesia induction and tracheal intubation in elderly patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241001, China. Electronic address: yongquanchencn@yeah.net.
authors.forename: Yong-Quan
authors.initials: YQ
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241001, China.
authors.forename: Xiao-Ju
authors.initials: XJ
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241001, China.
authors.forename: Zhao-Fang
authors.initials: ZF
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241001, China.
authors.forename: Mei-Fang
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Zhu
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000768:Anesthesia, General / Q000379:methods*; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D001340:Autonomic Nerve Block / Q000379:methods*; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004562:Electrocardiography; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007442:Intubation, Intratracheal / Q000379:methods*; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016343:Monitoring, Intraoperative / Q000379:methods; D013233:Stellate Ganglion
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D008012:Lidocaine
keywords: Aged; Cardiovascular reaction; Heart rate variability; Intratracheal anesthesia; Stellate ganglion block