title: Computed tomographic features of lymphangioleiomyomatosis: evaluation in 138 patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim was to characterize the computed tomographic (CT) findings from Japanese patients with lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM).
  
  
  METHODS
  CT scans of the chest, abdomen, and pelvis from 124 patients with sporadic LAM (S-LAM, mean age, 37.4 years) and 14 patients with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC)-LAM (mean age, 35.6 years) were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Pulmonary nodules (18.8%) and hepatic angiomyolipoma (AML, 24.3%) were more common in our patients than those in previous reports. Compared with TSC-LAM, S-LAM group had a higher frequency of pulmonary nodules (28.6% vs 32.3%, P<0.01) and lower frequencies of air-space consolidation (21.4% vs 2.4%, P<0.01), pneumothorax (28.6% vs 8.1%, P=0.02), pulmonary hilar lymphadenopathy (14.3% vs 0.8%, P<0.01), renal AML (85.7% vs 17.4%, P<0.01), hepatic AML (71.4% vs 17.4%, P<0.01), and retrocrural lymphadenopathy (14.3% vs 1.4%, P=0.04). Axial lymphatic abnormalities (i.e., thoracic duct dilatation, lymphadenopathy, and lymphangioleiomyoma) were most common in the pelvis and tended to decrease in incidence with increased distance from the pelvis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The incidence of some CT findings in Japanese patients differed from those in previous reports. Axial lymphatic abnormalities noted here suggest that the origin of LAM cells may be the pelvis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Respiratory Medicine, Iizuka Hospital, 3-83 Yoshiomachi, Iizuka, Fukuoka 820-0018, Japan; Division of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine & Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan; The Study Group of Pneumothorax and Cystic Lung Diseases, 4-8-1 Seta, Setagaya-Ku, Tokyo 158-0095, Japan. Electronic address: tobino@juntendo.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Kazunori
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tobino
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Kinki Central Hospital of Mutual Aid Association of Public School Teachers, Kurumazuka 3-1, Itami, Hyogo 664-0872, Japan.
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Johkoh
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Kurume University School of Medicine and Center for Diagnostic Imaging, Kurume University Hospital, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume, Fukuoka 830-0011, Japan.
authors.forename: Kiminori
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fujimoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Saitama International Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, 1397-1 Yamane, Hidaka, Saitama 350-1298, Japan.
authors.forename: Fumikazu
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sakai
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Dokkyo Medical University, 880 Kita-Kobayashi, Mibu, Tochigi 321-0293, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Arakawa
authors.affiliation: The Study Group of Pneumothorax and Cystic Lung Diseases, 4-8-1 Seta, Setagaya-Ku, Tokyo 158-0095, Japan; Pneumothorax Center, Nissan Tamagawa Hospital, 4-8-1 Seta, Setagaya-Ku, Tokyo 158-0095, Japan.
authors.forename: Masatoshi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kurihara
authors.affiliation: The Study Group of Pneumothorax and Cystic Lung Diseases, 4-8-1 Seta, Setagaya-Ku, Tokyo 158-0095, Japan; Department of Pathology, Japanese Red Cross Medical Center, 4-1-22 Hiroo, Shibuya-Ku, Tokyo 150-0012, Japan.
authors.forename: Toshio
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kumasaka
authors.affiliation: Division of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine & Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan.
authors.forename: Kengo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Koike
authors.affiliation: Division of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine & Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuhisa
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.affiliation: Division of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine & Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan; The Study Group of Pneumothorax and Cystic Lung Diseases, 4-8-1 Seta, Setagaya-Ku, Tokyo 158-0095, Japan.
authors.forename: Kuniaki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Seyama
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D018207:Angiomyolipoma / Q000150:complications; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D018192:Lymphangioleiomyomatosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D055613:Multiple Pulmonary Nodules; D011030:Pneumothorax / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000009:adverse effects; D014402:Tuberous Sclerosis / Q000150:complications
keywords: Computed tomography; Lymphangioleiomyomatosis; Tuberous sclerosis