title: Anterior cingulate volume predicts response to cognitive behavioral therapy in major depressive disorder.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is widely used to treat major depressive disorder (MDD). Although improved response prediction could facilitate the development of individualized treatment plans, few studies have investigated whether underlying brain structure is related to CBT response in MDD.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten MDD patients who received individual CBT were studied in this study. We investigated the relationship between the regional gray matter (GM) volume and subsequent responses to CBT using voxel-based morphometry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The degree of improvement in depressive symptoms was positively correlated with GM volume in the caudal portion of the anterior cingulate cortex.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The sample size was small, and the effects of medication on the results could not be excluded.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results, although preliminary, suggest that the anterior cingulate cortex is a key structure whose volume can be used to predict responses to CBT and is thus a potential prognostic marker in MDD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Junya
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fujino
authors.affiliation: Kyoto Prefectural Rakunan Hospital, 2, Hirookadani, Gokasho, Uji City, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan. Electronic address: yamasaki@rakunan-hosp.jp.
authors.forename: Nobuyuki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yamasaki
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Miyata
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Hitoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sasaki
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Noriko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Matsukawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Ariyoshi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Takemura
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; School of Human and Social Sciences, Department of Human Development and Sport Sciences, Tokyo International University, Saitama, Japan; Institute of Applied Brain Sciences, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Shisei
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tei
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Genichi
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sugihara
authors.affiliation: Human Brain Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Toshihiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Aso
authors.affiliation: Human Brain Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Hidenao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fukuyama
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Hidehiko
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.affiliation: Utsumi Mental Clinic, Hyogo, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuomi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Toshiya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Murai
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology*; D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D066128:Gray Matter / Q000473:pathology; D006179:Gyrus Cinguli / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D059906:Neuroimaging; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D018401:Sample Size; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Anterior cingulate cortex; Cognitive behavioral therapy; Depression; Magnetic resonance imaging; Voxel-based morphometry