title: The usefulness of the Loewenstein Occupational Therapy Cognition Assessment in evaluating cognitive function in patients with stroke.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We wished to evaluate the usefulness of the Loewenstein Occupational Therapy Cognitive Assessment (LOTCA) in early detection of the Vascular Cognitive Impairment, No Dementia (VCIND) in patients with stroke. We also wanted to compare LOTCA with the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE).
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty patients with stroke and cognitive impairment comprised the cognitive impairment group. Another 30 patients with stroke and no cognitive impairment served as the stroke control group, while 30 healthy individuals served as the normal control group.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The age, gender, and education level were comparable among three study groups. All subjects were assessed with both tests. Total LOTCA scores strongly and positively correlated with total MMSE scores in patients with cognitive impairment (r = 0.934, p < 0.001). The correlations were also present between every sub-items of LOTCA and those of MMSE (p < 0.01). In addition, total scores and sub-item scores in LOTCA were significantly lower in the cognitive impairment group compared with both stroke control and normal control groups (p < 0.01), especially, with regard to scores of thinking operations, orientation, and visuomotor organization. The sub-item scores in LOTCA, including thinking operations, visuomotor organization, attention, orientation, and spatial perception were significantly lower in the stroke control group compared with normal control group (p < 0.01), especially in thinking operations and visuomotor organization. There is a good agreement between LOTCA and MMSE.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Compared with MMSE, LOTCA can detect VCIND earlier and more comprehensively, and can, thus, be used clinically for VCIND detection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China. chenwei2339@163.com.
authors.forename: S-Y
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Z-K
authors.initials: ZK
authors.lastname: Gong
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sen
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests / Q000592:standards*; D009788:Occupational Therapy / Q000592:standards* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D020521:Stroke / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology