title: Testing a cumulative and aggregate exposure model using biomonitoring studies and dietary records for Italian vineyard spray operators.
abstract: The need for improved tools to estimate the cumulative and aggregate exposure to compounds such as plant protection products (PPPs) is recognised in the EU Regulation 1107/2009. A new model has been developed to estimate the exposure within a population to single compounds or compounds within a Cumulative Action Group, considering dietary and non-dietary sources and multiple exposure routes. To test the model a field study was carried out in Italy with operators applying tebuconazole fungicides, with measurements of dermal exposure collected. Whole urine samples were collected and analysed to provide values for the absorbed dose of tebuconazole, with duplicate diet samples collected and analysed as a measure of dietary exposures. The model provided predicted values of exposure for combined dietary and non-dietary routes of exposures which were compared to the measured absorbed dose values based on urinary analysis. The model outputs provided mean daily exposure values of 1.77 (± 1.96) µg a.s./kg BW which are comparable to measured mean values from the biomonitoring field study of 1.73 (± 1.31) µg a.s./kg BW. To supplement the limited measurement data available, comparisons against other models were also made and found to be comparable.
authors.affiliation: The Food and Environment Research Agency (Fera), Sand Hutton, York, UK. Electronic address: marc.kennedy@fera.gsi.gov.uk.
authors.forename: Marc C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Kennedy
authors.affiliation: The Food and Environment Research Agency (Fera), Sand Hutton, York, UK.
authors.forename: C Richard
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Glass
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milano and Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fustinoni
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Angelo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Moretto
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Sciences of the University of Milan, San Paolo Hospital Unit, and International Centre for Rural Health of the San Paolo Hospital, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mandic-Rajcevic
authors.affiliation: Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Patrizia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Riso
authors.affiliation: Consiglio per la Ricerca e la sperimentazione in Agricoltura (CRA)- Centro di Ricerca per gli Alimenti e la NUTrizione (CRA-NUT), Via Ardeatina 546, Rome I-00178, Italy.
authors.forename: Aida
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Turrini
authors.affiliation: Biometris, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Hilko
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: van der Voet
authors.affiliation: The Food and Environment Research Agency (Fera), Sand Hutton, York, UK.
authors.forename: Michel T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Hetmanski
authors.affiliation: The Food and Environment Research Agency (Fera), Sand Hutton, York, UK.
authors.forename: Richard J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Fussell
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Jacob D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: van Klaveren
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000395:Air Pollutants, Occupational / Q000633:toxicity / Q000652:urine; D018556:Crops, Agricultural / Q000254:growth & development; D004032:Diet / Q000009:adverse effects*; D015930:Diet Records; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D000067565:Farmers; D005506:Food Contamination; D005638:Fruit / Q000254:growth & development; D005659:Fungicides, Industrial / Q000633:toxicity / Q000652:urine; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015233:Models, Statistical; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D010573:Pesticide Residues / Q000633:toxicity* / Q000652:urine; D010575:Pesticides / Q000633:toxicity* / Q000652:urine; D014230:Triazoles / Q000633:toxicity / Q000652:urine; D027843:Vitis / Q000254:growth & development; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000395:Air Pollutants, Occupational; D005659:Fungicides, Industrial; D010573:Pesticide Residues; D010575:Pesticides; D014230:Triazoles; C087114:tebuconazole
keywords: Common assessment group; Consumer exposure; Occupational exposure; Probabilistic modelling