title: TXA9, a cardiac glycoside from Streptocaulon juventas, exerts a potent anti-tumor activity against human non-small cell lung cancer cells in vitro and in vivo.
abstract: Non-small cell lung cancer is the most common type of lung cancer and the most common cause of cancer-related death in humans. TXA9, which is a natural product separated from an anti-tumor-active fraction of the roots of Streptocaulon juventas, may possess potent anti-proliferative activity according to the present study. In this study, the anti-tumor effects and toxicity of TXA9 were tested against human non-small cell lung cancer cell lines (A549, NCI-H1299, Ltep-α2, PC-9, and Lu99) and a normal human lung embryonic fibroblast cell (HE-lung) in vitro, and then toward A549 cells in vivo in a murine xenograft model. The results show that TXA9 exhibits potent cytotoxic activities against non-small lung cancer cells and has no toxic effect on the normal human lung embryonic fibroblast cells. The mechanistic studies demonstrate that TXA9 can induce the apoptosis of A549 cells through the extrinsic pathway. The in vivo study results reveal that the intravenous administration of TXA9 at high-dose (15 mg kg(-1)) induces significant tumor growth inhibition of non-small cell lung cancer xenografts with tumor inhibition rate up to 64.2%, compared with mice in the control group. The inhibitory effect was similar to that of taxol (62.5%). In particular, no significantly adverse effects were exerted by TXA9, which suggests that it is well tolerated. This promising natural product may be useful as a potential novel anti-tumor candidate.
authors.affiliation: Development and Utilization Key Laboratory of Northeast Plant Materials, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.
authors.forename: Rui
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Xue
authors.affiliation: Development and Utilization Key Laboratory of Northeast Plant Materials, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.
authors.forename: Na
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.
authors.forename: Mingyu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.affiliation: Development and Utilization Key Laboratory of Northeast Plant Materials, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.
authors.forename: Chun
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.affiliation: The Animal Experimental Center, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.
authors.forename: Zhihui
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Hao
authors.affiliation: School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.
authors.forename: Lihui
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: The People's Liberation Army 463 Hospital, Shenyang 110042, China.
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.
authors.forename: Jingyu
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioscience, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, Japan.
authors.forename: Ikuo
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Saiki
authors.affiliation: Development and Utilization Key Laboratory of Northeast Plant Materials, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China. Electronic address: yinjun2002@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000494:pharmacology*; D029062:Apocynaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D017209:Apoptosis; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D002301:Cardiac Glycosides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D059447:Cell Cycle Checkpoints; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D020128:Inhibitory Concentration 50; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008819:Mice, Nude; D047368:Tumor Burden / Q000187:drug effects; D023041:Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
chemical_list: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D002301:Cardiac Glycosides; C000602433:TXA9 compound
keywords: Acovenosigenin A 3-O-β-d-glucoside; Anti-tumor; Apoptosis; Cardiac glycosides; NSCLC; Streptocaulon juventas