title: Anticancer potential and mechanism of action of mango ginger (Curcuma amada Roxb.) supercritical CO₂ extract in human glioblastoma cells.
abstract: Mango ginger (Curcuma amada Roxb.) is among the less-investigated species of Curcuma for anticancer properties. We have investigated the anticancer potential and the mechanism of action of a supercritical CO2 extract of mango ginger (CA) in the U-87MG human glioblastoma cell line. CA demonstrated higher cytotoxicity than temozolomide, etoposide, curcumin, and turmeric force with IC50, IC75, and IC90 values of 4.92 μg/mL, 12.87 μg/mL, and 21.30 μg/mL, respectively. Inhibitory concentration values of CA for normal embryonic mouse hypothalamus cell line (mHypoE-N1) is significantly higher than glioblastoma cell line, indicating the specificity of CA against brain tumor cells. CompuSyn analysis indicates that CA acts synergistically with temozolomide and etoposide for the cytotoxicity with combination index values of <1. CA treatment also induces apoptosis in glioblastoma cells in a dose-dependent manner and downregulates genes associated with apoptosis, cell proliferation, telomerase activity, oncogenesis, and drug resistance in glioblastoma cells.
authors.affiliation: Miami Children's Hospital, Miami, FL, USA Dharma Biomedical LLC, Miami, FL, USA cheppail.ramachandran@mch.com.
authors.forename: Cheppail
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ramachandran
authors.affiliation: Dharma Biomedical LLC, Miami, FL, USA.
authors.forename: Ivonne V
authors.initials: IV
authors.lastname: Lollett
authors.affiliation: Miami Children's Hospital, Miami, FL, USA.
authors.forename: Enrique
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Escalon
authors.affiliation: Flavex Naturextrakte GmbH, Rehlingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Karl-Werner
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Quirin
authors.affiliation: Miami Children's Hospital, Miami, FL, USA Dharma Biomedical LLC, Miami, FL, USA.
authors.forename: Steven J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Melnick
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D030024:Curcuma / Q000737:chemistry*; D003606:Dacarbazine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D005047:Etoposide / Q000494:pharmacology; D005909:Glioblastoma; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D000077204:Temozolomide
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; D010936:Plant Extracts; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D005047:Etoposide; D003606:Dacarbazine; D000077204:Temozolomide
keywords: Curcuma amada; apoptosis; cytotoxicity; gene expression; glioblastoma; mango ginger