title: Process dissociation of familiarity and recollection in children: response deadline affects recollection but not familiarity.
abstract: According to dual-process theories, recollection (slow and associated with contextual details) and familiarity (fast and automatic) are two independent processes underlying recognition memory. An adapted version of the process dissociation paradigm was used to measure recognition memory in 5-, 7-, and 11-year-olds and adults. In Experiment 1, it was found that 5-year-olds already recollect details of items (i.e., number). Recollection increased particularly between 5 and 7 years. Familiarity differed between 5 years and adulthood. In Experiment 2, under limited response time during retrieval, recollection was eliminated in 5-year-olds and reduced across all ages, whereas familiarity was left unaffected. Together, these findings are consistent with dual-process theories of recognition memory and provide support for two processes underlying recognition memory from a developmental perspective.
authors.affiliation: School of Psychology, Cognition Institute, Plymouth University, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK. Electronic address: laura.koenig@plymouth.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Koenig
authors.affiliation: School of Psychology, Cognition Institute, Plymouth University, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK.
authors.forename: Marina C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Wimmer
authors.affiliation: School of Psychology, Cognition Institute, Plymouth University, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK.
authors.forename: Timothy J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Hollins
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008606:Mental Processes; D011939:Mental Recall; D010364:Pattern Recognition, Visual; D011930:Reaction Time; D021641:Recognition, Psychology; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Dual-process theory; Familiarity; Process dissociation; Recognition memory; Recollection; Source monitoring