title: Muscovy duck reovirus infection rapidly activates host innate immune signaling and induces an effective antiviral immune response involving critical interferons.
abstract: Muscovy duck reovirus (MDRV) is a highly pathogenic virus in waterfowl and causes significant economic loss in the poultry industry worldwide. Because the host innate immunity plays a key role in defending against virus invasion, more and more attentions have been paid to the immune response triggered by viral infection. Here we found that the genomic RNA of MDRV was able to rapidly induce the production of interferons (IFNs) in host. Mechanistically, MDRV infection induced robust expression of IFNs in host mainly through RIG-I, MDA5 and TLR3-dependent signaling pathways. In addition, we observed that silencing VISA expression in 293T cells could significantly inhibit the secretion of IFNs. Remarkably, the production of IFNs was reduced by inhibiting the activation of NF-κB or knocking down the expression of IRF-7. Furthermore, our study showed that treatment of 293T cells and Muscovy duck embryo fibroblasts with IFNs markedly impaired MDRV replication, suggesting that these IFNs play an important role in antiviral response during the MDRV infection. Importantly, we also detected the induced expression of RIG-I, MDA5, TLR3 and type I IFN in Muscovy ducks infected with MDRV at different time points post infection. The results from in vivo studies were consistent with those in 293T cells infected with MDRV. Taken together, our findings reveal that the host can resist MDRV invasion by activating innate immune response involving RIG-I, MDA5 and TLR3-dependent signaling pathways that govern IFN production.
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
authors.forename: Zhilong
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
authors.forename: Guifeng
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China. Electronic address: wqx608@126.com.
authors.forename: Quanxi
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China. Electronic address: wscookie@163.com.
authors.forename: Song
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
authors.forename: Xiaojuan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chi
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
authors.forename: Yifan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100101, China.
authors.forename: Haitao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
authors.forename: Baocheng
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71130, USA.
authors.forename: Shile
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100101, China. Electronic address: chenjl@im.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Ji-Long
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000998:Antiviral Agents; D004372:Ducks / Q000821:virology; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000821:virology; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D055785:Gene Knockdown Techniques; D057809:HEK293 Cells; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D007372:Interferons / Q000494:pharmacology; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D018165:Orthoreovirus; D012088:Reoviridae Infections / Q000662:veterinary* / Q000821:virology; D015398:Signal Transduction; D014777:Virus Diseases; D014779:Virus Replication / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; D016328:NF-kappa B; D007372:Interferons
keywords: Innate immunity; Interferon; Muscovy duck reovirus; Pathogen-recognition receptors; Waterfowl