title: [Vaccination--General concepts. Systematic vaccination schedules for the child and adult in Spain. Impact of vaccination programs].
abstract: One area of major importance in promoting health is the prevention of infectious diseases through vaccination. Vaccine is any preparation intended to generate immunity against a disease by stimulating the production of antibodies. There are two basic types: live attenuated and inactivated, with different characteristics that determine their use. The main properties of a vaccine are safety and protective efficacy. The vaccines can be administered based on individualized directions depending on various factors (personal, environmental…), or systematically as part of the immunization schedules. In Spain, the first childhood immunization schedule was implemented in 1975. The Autonomous Communities are currently responsible for establishing vaccine recommendations. The incidence of vaccine-preventable diseases and vaccination coverage are essential criteria for the evaluation of vaccination programs. In Spain the incidence of vaccine-preventable diseases is low. Vaccination coverage is high in childhood, but in adolescents, adults and groups at risk it is not always appropriate.
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Medicina Preventiva, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, España. Electronic address: pilar.arrazola@salud.madrid.org.
authors.forename: M Pilar
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Arrazola Martínez
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Medicina Preventiva, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, España.
authors.forename: José Ramón
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: de Juanes Pardo
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Medicina Preventiva, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, España.
authors.forename: Aurelia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: García de Codes Ilario
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D006801:Humans; D007115:Immunization Schedule; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008875:Middle Aged; D015397:Program Evaluation; D013030:Spain; D014611:Vaccination / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated; D015164:Vaccines, Inactivated
chemical_list: D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated; D015164:Vaccines, Inactivated
keywords: Cobertura vacunal; Enfermedad inmunoprevenible; Vaccination; Vaccination coverage; Vaccine-preventable diseases; Vacunación