title: The clinical relevance of the Fong and the Nordlinger scores in the era of effective neoadjuvant chemotherapy for colorectal liver metastasis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The clinical risk scores (CRSs) of Fong and Nordlinger are used to predict the outcome of patients with colorectal liver metastases (CRLMs). This study investigated whether CRSs could predict the overall survival of patients with CRLM treated with or without neoadjuvant chemotherapy prior to resection.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with CRLM undergoing liver resection were analyzed retrospectively. The primary outcome measure was overall survival with vs. without neoadjuvant chemotherapy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Between August 2002 and October 2011, 300 patients underwent liver resection for CRLMs at a large university hospital in Germany. Group A comprised 117 patients who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy and group B comprised 71 patients who did not. The Fong score predicted overall survival for patients who did not receive chemotherapy (p = 0.02), but not for those treated with chemotherapy (p = 0.69). The Nordlinger score was not predictive for either of the groups (p = 0.71 vs. p = 0.08 for groups A and B, respectively). Subgroup analysis of the Nordlinger score identified better overall survival in the high-risk group treated with chemotherapy (p = 0.05). Multivariate analysis identified a resection margin of <1 cm [OR 0.622 (95% CI: 0.17-2.31); p = 0.044], age >60 years [OR 0.535 (95% CI: 0.16-1.77); p = 0.022] and number of metastases >4 [OR 0.189 (95% CI: 0.06-0.61); p = 0.018] as independent prognostic factors for overall survival.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Thus, CRSs were not reliable prognostic tools for patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy before liver resection in this analysis.
authors.affiliation: Department of General and Abdominal Surgery, Frankfurt University Hospital, Goethe-University Frankfurt/Main, Frankfurt/Main, Germany.
authors.forename: Teresa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Schreckenbach
authors.affiliation: Department of General and Abdominal Surgery, Frankfurt University Hospital, Goethe-University Frankfurt/Main, Frankfurt/Main, Germany.
authors.forename: Patrizia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Malkomes
authors.affiliation: Department of General and Abdominal Surgery, Frankfurt University Hospital, Goethe-University Frankfurt/Main, Frankfurt/Main, Germany.
authors.forename: Wolf O
authors.initials: WO
authors.lastname: Bechstein
authors.affiliation: Department of General and Abdominal Surgery, Frankfurt University Hospital, Goethe-University Frankfurt/Main, Frankfurt/Main, Germany.
authors.forename: Guido
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Woeste
authors.affiliation: Department of General and Abdominal Surgery, Frankfurt University Hospital, Goethe-University Frankfurt/Main, Frankfurt/Main, Germany. andreas.schnitzbauer@kgu.de.|Department of General and Visceral Surgery, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe-University Frankfurt/Main, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt/Main, Germany. andreas.schnitzbauer@kgu.de.
authors.forename: Andreas A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Schnitzbauer
authors.affiliation: Department of General and Abdominal Surgery, Frankfurt University Hospital, Goethe-University Frankfurt/Main, Frankfurt/Main, Germany.
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ulrich
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany; D006498:Hepatectomy; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000401:mortality / Q000556:secondary* / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D020360:Neoadjuvant Therapy; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012306:Risk; D013534:Survival; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: Clinical risk scores; Colorectal cancer; Fong; Liver metastases; Nordlinger; Prognosis