title: Chitosan conjugated chloroquine: proficient to protect the induction of liver apoptosis during malaria.
abstract: Chitosan has impelled continuous motion by its unique physicochemical and biological characteristics. In our study, chitosan-tripolyphosphate (CS-TPP) particles was conjugated with an undervalued antimalarial drug, chloroquine to find out the proficiency against ROS mediated caspase activation and apoptosis in liver during Plasmodium berghei NK65 infection. The transmission electron microscopic image illustrated the size range of particle was less than 50 nm and the particle showed the blood compatibility. ROS generation, mitochondrial membrane potential, anti apoptotic and pro apoptotic protein level of CS-TPP conjugated chloroquine treated group revealed that CS-TPP conjugation amplified the protective capability of chloroquine. FACS study by annexin v-FITC and PI staining reveals chloroquine treatment reduces significantly (P<0.05) the apoptotic cells by 25.31%; whereas chitosan-tripolyphosphate conjugated nanochloroquine decreases by 61.56% apoptotic cell against P. berghei induced liver apoptosis. This study suggests that proficiency of conventional antimalarial drug may escalate by delivery with chitosan nanoparticles to portray defense possessions against malarial damage.
authors.affiliation: Immunology and Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Human Physiology with Community Health, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore-721102, West Bengal, India.
authors.forename: Satyajit
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tripathy
authors.affiliation: Immunology and Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Human Physiology with Community Health, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore-721102, West Bengal, India.
authors.forename: Sourav
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chattopadhyay
authors.affiliation: Immunology and Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Human Physiology with Community Health, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore-721102, West Bengal, India.
authors.forename: Sandeep Kumar
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Dash
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Chemistry, Indian School of Mines, Dhanbad 826004, Jharkhand, India.
authors.forename: Angshuman Ray
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Chowdhuri
authors.affiliation: Immunology and Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Human Physiology with Community Health, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore-721102, West Bengal, India.
authors.forename: Sabyasachi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Das
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Chemistry, Indian School of Mines, Dhanbad 826004, Jharkhand, India.
authors.forename: Sumanta Kumar
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Sahu
authors.affiliation: Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, Kolkata-700 054, West Bengal, India.
authors.forename: Subrata
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Majumdar
authors.affiliation: Immunology and Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Human Physiology with Community Health, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore-721102, West Bengal, India. Electronic address: sroy.vu@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Somenath
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Roy
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000962:Antimalarials / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D053453:Caspase 9 / Q000378:metabolism; D048271:Chitosan / Q000737:chemistry*; D002738:Chloroquine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry*; D004337:Drug Carriers / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects; D008288:Malaria / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism / Q000469:parasitology; D008422:Materials Testing; D053078:Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial / Q000187:drug effects; D051379:Mice; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity / Q000648:ultrastructure; D018512:Parasitemia / Q000188:drug therapy; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared
chemical_list: D000962:Antimalarials; D004337:Drug Carriers; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D002738:Chloroquine; D048271:Chitosan; D053148:Caspase 3; D053453:Caspase 9; D005978:Glutathione
keywords: Apoptosis; Blood compatibility; Chitosan; Liver; Nanochloroquine; Plasmodium berghei