title: Lamellar slippage of bilayers--a hypothesis on low friction of natural joints.
abstract: The cartilage's amphoteric surface behavior is a physical phenomenon in biological lubrication. However, there is a lack of knowledge on amphoteric phospholipids bilayers and in overcoming friction in cartilage joints. In this paper, friction experiments were conducted, and the cartilage's surface was characterized using pH and wettability, while the interfacial energy and coefficients were determined. The lamellar slippage of bilayers and a short-range repulsion between the interfaces of negatively charged (-PO4 (-)) cartilage surfaces resulted in low frictional properties of the joint.
authors.affiliation: Tribochemistry Consulting, Salt Lake City, Utah 84117 and Department of Physiotherapy, University of Bydgoszcz, Unii Lubelskiej 4c, 85-059 Bydgoszcz, Poland.
authors.forename: Zenon
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Pawlak
authors.affiliation: Kazimierz Wielki University, Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Technical Sciences, Chodkiewicza 30, 85-867 Bydgoszcz, Poland and Technical University, Department of Technical Sciences, Legska 20, 87-800 Wloclawek, Poland.
authors.forename: Wieslaw
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Urbaniak
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiotherapy, University of Bydgoszcz, Unii Lubelskiej 4c, 85-059 Bydgoszcz, Poland and Department of Rehabilitation, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Curie Sklodowskiej 9, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland.
authors.forename: Magda
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hagner-Derengowska
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Curie Sklodowskiej 9, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland.
authors.forename: Wojciech
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Hagner
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002356:Cartilage / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000502:physiology*; D002417:Cattle; D055598:Chemical Phenomena; D017276:Friction; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007719:Knee Joint / Q000502:physiology; D008051:Lipid Bilayers / Q000737:chemistry*; D010743:Phospholipids / Q000737:chemistry*; D013499:Surface Properties
chemical_list: D008051:Lipid Bilayers; D010743:Phospholipids