title: Addressing unmet medical needs in type 2 diabetes: a narrative review of drugs under development.
abstract: The global burden of type 2 diabetes is increasing worldwide, and successful treatment of this disease needs constant provision of new drugs. Twelve classes of antidiabetic drugs are currently available, and many new drugs are under clinical development. These include compounds with known mechanisms of action but unique properties, such as once-weekly DPP4 inhibitors or oral insulin. They also include drugs with new mechanisms of action, the focus of this review. Most of these compounds are in Phase 1 and 2, with only a small number having made it to Phase 3 at this time. The new drug classes described include PPAR agonists/modulators, glucokinase activators, glucagon receptor antagonists, anti-inflammatory compounds, G-protein coupled receptor agonists, gastrointestinal peptide agonists other than GLP-1, apical sodium-dependent bile acid transporter (ASBT) inhibitors, SGLT1 and dual SGLT1/SGLT2 inhibitors, and 11beta- HSD1 inhibitors.
authors.forename: Friedrich
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mittermayer
authors.forename: Erica
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Caveney
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: De Oliveira
authors.forename: Loukas
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gourgiotis
authors.forename: Mala
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Puri
authors.forename: Li-Jung
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Tai
authors.affiliation: Quintiles GmbH, Stella- Klein-Low Weg 15, Rund 4, Haus B, OG 4, 1020 Vienna, Austria. friedrich.mittermayer@quintiles.com.
authors.forename: J Rick
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Turner
mesh_terms: D001786:Blood Glucose; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000188:drug therapy*; D054873:Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D015195:Drug Design; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007328:Insulin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020380:Needs Assessment; D047492:Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors / Q000819:agonists*
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D054873:Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin; D047492:Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1