title: One-year results of simultaneous laser in situ keratomileusis and small-aperture corneal inlay implantation for hyperopic presbyopia: comparison by age.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare by age the safety, efficacy, and patient satisfaction after simultaneous laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) and small-aperture corneal inlay implantation (Kamra) for hyperopic presbyopia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Shinagawa LASIK Center, Tokyo, Japan.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective comparative cohort study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Simultaneous LASIK and small-aperture corneal inlay implantation were performed in the nondominant eye of hyperopic presbyopic patients with astigmatism. Patients were divided into groups by age as follows: Group 1 (40 to 49 years), Group 2 (50 to 59 years), and Group 3 (60 to 65 years). The uncorrected (UDVA) and corrected (CDVA) distance visual acuities, uncorrected near visual acuity (UNVA), and patient questionnaire results were compared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The study evaluated 277 eyes of 277 patients. All groups achieved a mean UDVA of 20/20, with Group 1, Group 2, and Group 3 gaining 1 line, 2 lines, and 3 lines, respectively. The mean UNVA was J2 with 4 lines gained in Group 1 and J3 with 5 lines gained in Group 2 and Group 3. The mean CDVA and corrected near visual acuity remained the same as at baseline.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Simultaneous LASIK and small-aperture corneal inlay implantation for hyperopic presbyopia was a safe and effective treatment option. Although the outcomes were comparable between groups, Group 3 had the largest gain in UDVA and UNVA and the highest patient satisfaction, despite having the lowest reduction in dependence on reading glasses. Taking age into account might help achieve optimum postoperative outcomes and improved patient satisfaction.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Dr. Tomita is a consultant to Ziemer Ophthalmic Systems AG, Acufocus, Inc., and Schwind eye-tech-solutions GmbH and Co. KG. Dr. Waring is a consultant to Acufocus, Inc.
authors.affiliation: From the Shinagawa LASIK Center (Tomita) Tokyo, Japan; the Department of Ophthalmology (Tomita), Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou, China; the Storm Eye Institute (Waring), Medical University of South Carolina and Magill Vision Center (Waring), Charleston, South Carolina, USA. Electronic address: harvardmedical1972@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Minoru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tomita
authors.affiliation: From the Shinagawa LASIK Center (Tomita) Tokyo, Japan; the Department of Ophthalmology (Tomita), Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou, China; the Storm Eye Institute (Waring), Medical University of South Carolina and Magill Vision Center (Waring), Charleston, South Carolina, USA.
authors.forename: George O
authors.initials: GO
authors.lastname: Waring
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D003319:Corneal Stroma / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D006956:Hyperopia / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D020731:Keratomileusis, Laser In Situ / Q000379:methods*; D054018:Lasers, Excimer / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D011145:Polyvinyls; D011305:Presbyopia / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D019736:Prostheses and Implants; D019919:Prosthesis Implantation; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014792:Visual Acuity / Q000502:physiology; D005465:Fluorocarbon Polymers
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D011145:Polyvinyls; C024865:polyvinylidene fluoride; D005465:Fluorocarbon Polymers