title: Cultivation of the benthic microalga Prorocentrum lima for the production of diarrhetic shellfish poisoning toxins in a vertical flat photobioreactor.
abstract: In this study, the cultivation conditions of Prorocentrum lima, including temperature, nutrient concentration, photoperiod, and salinity were observed, and then an effective method for the large-volume cultivation of P. lima using a vertical flat photobioreactor was developed for the first time. The maximum cell concentrations and toxin contents of P. lima cultured in the photobioreactor were reached after a 35 days cultivation. Moreover, a step-wise double-sedimentation centrifugation method was used to harvest the microalgae cells, with the harvest rate of 89%. Toxin analysis of dry microalgal powder indicated that OA and DTX1 contents were 15.2 and 21.6 mg g(-1), respectively. These results verify that the culture method using the proposed photobioreactor is effective to massively produce DSP toxin-containing P. lima. This study may serve as a guide for the large-scale production of toxin-producing red-tide benthic microalgae.
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Marine Ecology, The First Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Qingdao 266061, China; College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
authors.forename: Shuai
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Marine Ecology, The First Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Qingdao 266061, China. Electronic address: craige2000@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Junhui
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Marine Ecology, The First Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Qingdao 266061, China.
authors.forename: Zhaoyong
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Marine Ecology, The First Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Qingdao 266061, China.
authors.forename: Yanlong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Division of Medical and Biological Measurements Laboratory of Biological Analysis and Cell Technology, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing 100013, China.
authors.forename: Boqiang
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.affiliation: Key laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.
authors.forename: Xiaotian
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Marine Ecology, The First Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Qingdao 266061, China.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zheng
mesh_terms: D018929:Cell Culture Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation*; D004141:Dinoflagellida / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism; D017753:Ecosystem; D008387:Marine Toxins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D058086:Microalgae / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism; D019319:Okadaic Acid / Q000032:analysis; D058433:Photobioreactors; D017440:Photoperiod; D011208:Powders; D057096:Shellfish Poisoning / Q000378:metabolism*; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D008387:Marine Toxins; D011208:Powders; D019319:Okadaic Acid
keywords: Benthic microalgal cultivation; Dinophysistoxin-1; Microalgal harvesting; Okadaic acid; Photobioreactor