title: Structure-function analysis of CCL28 in the development of post-viral asthma.
abstract: CCL28 is a human chemokine constitutively expressed by epithelial cells in diverse mucosal tissues and is known to attract a variety of immune cell types including T-cell subsets and eosinophils. Elevated levels of CCL28 have been found in the airways of individuals with asthma, and previous studies have indicated that CCL28 plays a vital role in the acute development of post-viral asthma. Our study builds on this, demonstrating that CCL28 is also important in the chronic post-viral asthma phenotype. In the absence of a viral infection, we also demonstrate that CCL28 is both necessary and sufficient for induction of asthma pathology. Additionally, we present the first effort aimed at elucidating the structural features of CCL28. Chemokines are defined by a conserved tertiary structure composed of a three-stranded β-sheet and a C-terminal α-helix constrained by two disulfide bonds. In addition to the four disulfide bond-forming cysteine residues that define the traditional chemokine fold, CCL28 possesses two additional cysteine residues that form a third disulfide bond. If all disulfide bonds are disrupted, recombinant human CCL28 is no longer able to drive mouse CD4+ T-cell chemotaxis or in vivo airway hyper-reactivity, indicating that the conserved chemokine fold is necessary for its biologic activity. Due to the intimate relationship between CCL28 and asthma pathology, it is clear that CCL28 presents a novel target for the development of alternative asthma therapeutics.
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226 and.
authors.forename: Monica A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Section of Allergy and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Milwaukee 53226.
authors.forename: Becky J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Buelow
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226 and.
authors.forename: Amanda M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Nevins
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Section of Allergy and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Milwaukee 53226.
authors.forename: Stephanie E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226 and.
authors.forename: Francis C
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Peterson
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226 and.
authors.forename: Rebekah L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Gundry
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Section of Allergy and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Milwaukee 53226 wheeze@allergist.com.
authors.forename: Mitchell H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Grayson
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226 and bvolkman@mcw.edu.
authors.forename: Brian F
authors.initials: BF
authors.lastname: Volkman
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001249:Asthma / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology* / Q000821:virology; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology* / Q000821:virology; D019742:Chemokines, CC / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism*; D002633:Chemotaxis; D002908:Chronic Disease; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology* / Q000821:virology; D006801:Humans; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D011487:Protein Conformation; D010253:Respirovirus Infections / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology* / Q000821:virology; D029082:Sendai virus / Q000472:pathogenicity; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D019032:Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D016176:T-Lymphocyte Subsets
chemical_list: C414047:CCL28 protein, human; D019742:Chemokines, CC
keywords: Asthma; Chemokine; Disulfide; Mass Spectrometry (MS); Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR); Protein Structure