title: Spatiotemporal consistency of local neural activities: A new imaging measure for functional MRI data.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To characterize the local consistency by integrating temporal and spatial information in the local region using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).
  
  
  METHODS
  One simulation was implemented to explain the definition of FOur-dimensional (spatiotemporal) Consistency of local neural Activities (FOCA). Then three experiments included resting state data (33 subjects), resting state reproducibility data (16 subjects), and event state data (motor execution task, 26 subjects) were designed. Finally, FOCA were respectively analyzed using statistical analysis methods, such as one-sample t-test and paired t-test, etc.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During resting state (Experiment 1), the FOCA values (P < 0.05, family-wise error [FWE] corrected, voxel size >621 mm(3) ) were found to be distinct at the bilateral inferior frontal gyrus, middle frontal gyrus, angular gyrus, and precuneus/cuneus. In Experiment 2 (reproducibility), a high degree of consistency within subjects (correlation ≈0.8) and between subjects (correlation ≈0.6) of FOCA were obtained. Comparing event with resting state in Experiment 3, enhanced FOCA (P < 0.05, FWE-corrected, voxel size >621 mm(3) ) was observed mainly in the precentral gyrus and lingual gyrus.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest that FOCA has the potential to provide further information that will help to better understand brain function in neural imaging.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, P.R. China.|Center for Information in BioMedicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, P.R. China.|Center for Information in BioMedicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Cheng
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, P.R. China.|Center for Information in BioMedicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Weifang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, P.R. China.|Center for Information in BioMedicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Rui
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, P.R. China.|Center for Information in BioMedicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Jinnan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gong
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, P.R. China.|Center for Information in BioMedicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Diankun
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gong
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, P.R. China.|Center for Information in BioMedicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Dezhong
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Yao
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001921:Brain / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology; D001931:Brain Mapping; D005260:Female; D005625:Frontal Lobe / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology; D064368:Healthy Volunteers; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D015233:Models, Statistical; D009048:Motor Skills; D009474:Neurons / Q000502:physiology*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: fMRI; four-dimensional consistency of local neural activities (FOCA); motor execution; resting state; spatiotemporal consistency