title: Evolutionary physiology of bone: bone metabolism in changing environments.
abstract: Bone evolved to serve many mechanical and physiological functions. Osteocytes and bone remodeling first appeared in the dermal skeleton of fish, and subsequently adapted to various challenges in terrestrial animals occupying diverse environments. This review discusses the physiology of bone and its role in mechanical and calcium homeostases from an evolutionary perspective. We review how bone physiology responds to changing environments and the adaptations to unique and extreme physiological conditions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Flint Animal Cancer Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado; and.
authors.forename: Alison H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Doherty
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology and Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado.
authors.forename: Cameron K
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Ghalambor
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Flint Animal Cancer Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado; and seth.donahue@colostate.edu.
authors.forename: Seth W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Donahue
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D005075:Biological Evolution; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D004777:Environment; D006801:Humans; D010011:Osteocytes / Q000166:cytology*; D013314:Stress, Mechanical