title: Nanoethosomal formulation for skin targeting of amphotericin B: an in vitro and in vivo assessment.
abstract: The present study is envisaged to develop nanoethosomal formulation for enhanced topical delivery of amphotericin B (AmB) for the treatment of cutaneous fungal infections. AmB encapsulated nanoethosomes were prepared using mechanical dispersion method in a strength of 0.1% w/w similar to the strength of marketed topical formulation. Vesicle size of nanoethosomal formulations was found to be in the range of 186 ± 2 to 298 ± 4 nm. The optimized nanoethosomal formulation was further incorporated in gel base to form AmB nanoethogel formulation. Rheological characterization study of nanoethogel demonstrated its viscoelastic nature with high elasticity and resistance to deformation at 37 °C. The yield stress value was found to be 108.05 ± 2.4 and 52.15 ± 0.9 Pa for nanoethogel and marketed gel formulation, respectively. The nanoethogel formulation exhibited 2.7- and 3.5-fold higher steady state transdermal flux and skin deposition of AmB, respectively, in comparison to marketed formulation. Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) study also revealed enhanced skin permeation and deposition with nanoethogel formulation. In vivo study showed that topical application of nanoethogel does not exhibit any skin irritation as tested by Draize test. The developed formulation, in comparison to the marketed gel, demonstrated a remarkable increase in the antifungal activity against Candida albicans. It is thus corroborated from the above results that nanoethosomal formulation represents an efficacious carrier for effective topical delivery of AmB.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Guru Nanak Dev University , Amritsar , Punjab , India and.
authors.forename: Lakhvir
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kaur
authors.affiliation: a Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Guru Nanak Dev University , Amritsar , Punjab , India and.
authors.forename: Subheet Kumar
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Jain
authors.affiliation: b Department of Microbiology , Guru Nanak Dev University , Amritsar , Punjab , India.
authors.forename: Rajesh Kumari
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Manhas
authors.affiliation: b Department of Microbiology , Guru Nanak Dev University , Amritsar , Punjab , India.
authors.forename: Deepika
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sharma
mesh_terms: D000287:Administration, Topical; D000666:Amphotericin B / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000494:pharmacology; D002176:Candida albicans / Q000187:drug effects; D008081:Liposomes; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D049329:Nanostructures / Q000737:chemistry*; D010316:Particle Size; D051381:Rats; D012867:Skin / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000382:microbiology; D012869:Skin Absorption; D013499:Surface Properties
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; D008081:Liposomes; D000666:Amphotericin B
keywords: Amphotericin B; antifungal activity; nanoethosomes; skin targeting; topical fungemia