title: Teratogenic effect of Carbamazepine use during pregnancy in the mice.
abstract: Carbamazepine use is the first choice of antiepileptic drugs among epileptic pregnant females. There are many inconclusive studies regard the safety of carbamazepine use during pregnancy. This study aims to investigate the morphological and histopathological teratogenic effects of carbamazepine use during pregnancy. The healthy pregnant females mice divided into equal five groups (each n=20). The first (control) group received distilled water/day. Second, third, fourth and fifth group received 8.75, 22.75, 52.5, 65 mg of carbamazepine/day respectively. Carbamazepine and water were given by gastric gavage throughout gestational period. Fetuses were delivered on the 18th day of gestation by hysterectomy. Fetal measurements and appearance were assessed with investigation the histopathological changes of brain and spinal cord. There was a significant decrease of weight, different organs weight, length, upper and lower limb length of mice in the first day of delivery in fifth group. There was a significant increase of weight, different organs weight, length, upper and lower limb length in the third group. Many congenital anomalies such as spina bifida, meromelia, microphalmia, oligodactyly, anencephaly, neurodegeneration of brain and spinal cord were noticedin fifth group. Teratogenic effect of carbamazepine represented as growth retardation and neurodevelopmental toxicity depending on its overdose degree.
authors.affiliation: Forensic Medicine & Clinical Toxicology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Taif University, Suez Canal University, KSA.
authors.forename: Said Said
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Elshama
authors.affiliation: Anatomy Department, Faculty of Medicine, Taif University, Al-Azhar University, KSA.
authors.forename: Hosam Eldin Hussein
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Osman
authors.affiliation: Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Taif University, KSA / Molecular Biology Department, Genetic Engineering Institute,University of Sadat City, Sadat, Egypt.
authors.forename: Ayman El-Meghawry
authors.initials: Ael-M
authors.lastname: El-Kenawy
mesh_terms: D000014:Abnormalities, Drug-Induced / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D000818:Animals; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000633:toxicity*; D002220:Carbamazepine / Q000633:toxicity*; D005260:Female; D005317:Fetal Growth Retardation / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000473:pathology; D020567:Fetal Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D005333:Fetus / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000187:drug effects*; D005552:Forelimb / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000187:drug effects; D005865:Gestational Age; D006614:Hindlimb / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000187:drug effects; D051379:Mice; D009420:Nervous System / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D009421:Nervous System Malformations / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000473:pathology; D011247:Pregnancy; D018570:Risk Assessment; D013723:Teratogens / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D000927:Anticonvulsants; D013723:Teratogens; D002220:Carbamazepine