title: Computer-aided molecular pathology interpretation in exploring prospective markers for oral submucous fibrosis progression.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Evaluation of molecular pathology markers using a computer-aided quantitative assessment framework would help to assess the altered states of cellular proliferation, hypoxia, and neoangiogenesis in oral submucous fibrosis and could improve diagnostic interpretation in gauging its malignant potentiality.
  
  
  METHODS
  Immunohistochemical (IHC) expression of c-Myc, hypoxia-inducible factor-1-alpha (HIF-1α), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), VEGFRII, and CD105 were evaluated in 58 biopsies of oral submucous fibrosis using computer-aided quantification. After digital stain separation of original chromogenic IHC images, quantification of the diaminobenzidine (DAB) reaction pattern was performed based on intensity and extent of cytoplasmic, nuclear, and stromal expression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Assessment of molecular expression proposed that c-Myc and HIF-1α may be used as strong screening markers, VEGF for risk-stratification and VEGFRII and CD105 for prognosis of precancer into oral cancer.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our analysis indicated that the proposed method can help in establishing IHC as an effective quantitative immunoassay for molecular pathology and alleviate diagnostic ambiguities in the clinical decision process.
authors.affiliation: School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, India.
authors.forename: Anji
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Anura
authors.affiliation: School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, India.|Chair for Computer Aided Medical Procedures and Augmented Reality, Fakulät für Informatik, Technische Universität München, Garching bei München, Germany.
authors.forename: Sailesh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Conjeti
authors.affiliation: School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, India.|School of BioSciences and Technology & Centre for Biomaterials Science and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, VIT University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: Raunak Kumar
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Das
authors.affiliation: Guru Nanak Institute of Dental Science and Research, Panihati, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.
authors.forename: Mousumi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pal
authors.affiliation: Guru Nanak Institute of Dental Science and Research, Panihati, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.
authors.forename: Ranjan Rashmi
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Paul
authors.affiliation: School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, India.
authors.forename: Swarnendu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bag
authors.affiliation: Electronics & Electrical Communication Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, India.
authors.forename: Ajoy Kumar
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Ray
authors.affiliation: School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, India.
authors.forename: Jyotirmoy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chatterjee
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism*; D003936:Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted; D018450:Disease Progression; D000071063:Endoglin / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit / Q000378:metabolism; D007150:Immunohistochemistry / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D009914:Oral Submucous Fibrosis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000378:metabolism*; D057089:Pathology, Molecular; D016271:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc / Q000378:metabolism; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000378:metabolism; D040301:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2 / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; C064206:ENG protein, human; D000071063:Endoglin; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit; C489427:MYC protein, human; D016271:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; C000588866:KDR protein, human; D040301:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2
keywords: computer-aided quantitative immunohistochemistry; hypoxia; molecular pathology; neoangiogenesis; oral submucous fibrosis