title: Serum prostate-specific antigen levels and type of work in tire manufacturing workers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study measures serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels in tire-manufacturing workers, and attempts to find occupational or non-occupational factors that related to their PSA levels.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 1,958 healthy male workers (1,699 were production workers and 259 were office workers) took PSA measurement for analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After adjusting for age, body mass index, hypertension, regular exercise, alcohol drinking and smoking, which were significantly related to serum PSA levels or known related factors of serum PSA levels, the geometric mean PSA levels were significantly high in the office workers (p = 0.017), the older age group (p < 0.001), the group with hypertension (p = 0.046) and the group of individuals that do not exercise regularly (p = 0.015) and the office workers were more likely to have a serum PSA level of ≥4.0 (OR 7.73, 95% CI: 2.78-21.46) or 2.5 ng/mL (OR 2.74, 95% CI: 1.49-5.08). After stratifying by age and adjusting aforementioned covariates, office workers 50 years of age and older had the significantly higher geometric mean PSA levels (p = 0.017) and were more likely to have a serum PSA level of ≥4.0 ng/mL (OR 12.90, 95% CI: 3.65-45.64) or 2.5 ng/mL (OR 3.90, 95% CI: 1.64-9.25) than production workers 50 years of age and older.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study showed that serum PSA levels were significantly higher among the group with hypertension or the group of individuals that did not exercise regularly or group of office workers who were considered to have lesser physical activities.
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Korea.
authors.forename: Soo-Hyeon
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Mokpo Christian Hospital, Mokpo, Korea.
authors.forename: Keun-Ho
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Jang
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Korea.
authors.forename: Won-Ju
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Korea.
authors.forename: Do-Hyeong
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Korea.
authors.forename: Won-Yang
authors.initials: WY
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Korea.
authors.forename: Hyeong-Min
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Korea.
authors.forename: Jai-Dong
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Moon
keywords: Occupations; Physical activity; Prostate-specific antigen; Sedentary lifestyle