title: Modulating the dehydration conditions of adefovir dipivoxil dihydrate to obtain different physical forms of anhydrate.
abstract: The physical form of anhydrous adefovir dipivoxil (AD), obtained following the dehydration of AD dihydrate, was governed by the kinetics of water removal. The rate and extent of water removal following the dehydration of AD dihydrate was manipulated by altering the sample size, pan configuration, and heating rate in a differential scanning calorimeter. Interestingly, when there was moderate resistance to water removal, a new anhydrous polymorph (melting point 80°C) was obtained. High resistance to water removal resulted in amorphous AD. Variable temperature XRD of AD provided direct and unambiguous evidence of this new polymorph. We have prepared and characterized this new anhydrous polymorph as well as amorphous AD. Based on HPLC, AD dihydrate heated under different conditions in the DSC was observed to be chemically stable. When exposed to water vapor (RH ≥ 80%; 25°C), the new polymorph had a stronger propensity to convert to AD dihydrate than the amorphous anhydrate or AD form I.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, 55455.
authors.forename: Kapildev K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Arora
authors.forename: Sunny P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Bhardwaj
authors.forename: Pinal
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mistry
authors.forename: Raj
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Suryanarayanan
mesh_terms: D000225:Adenine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry; D000284:Administration, Oral; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry*; D002152:Calorimetry, Differential Scanning; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D018360:Crystallography, X-Ray; D003890:Desiccation; D004355:Drug Stability; D063065:Organophosphonates / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry*; D033362:Powder Diffraction; D013678:Technology, Pharmaceutical / Q000379:methods; D044366:Transition Temperature; D014835:Volatilization; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; D063065:Organophosphonates; D014867:Water; D000225:Adenine; C106812:adefovir dipivoxil
keywords: calorimetry; dehydration; hydrate; physical characterization; polymorph; thermal analysis