title: Mindful Creativity Scale (MCS): Validation of a German version of the Langer Mindfulness Scale with patients with severe TBI and controls.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Mindfulness may have an impact on the recovery process in patients who have suffered severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). In order to make an instrument for measuring mindfulness within the German speaking clinical community available, a short, easily usable scale and a cross-cultural adaptation is needed.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To validate the Langer Mindfulness Scale (LMS) with German-speaking patients with severe TBI and their relatives (healthy controls).
  
  
  METHODS
  In a prospective cohort study of patients with severe TBI, test-re-test interviews were carried out at 6-month intervals.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 225 participants responded to the first survey and 230 completed the second survey.
  
  
  METHODS
  LMS, self-report questions on personality, openness and attention, as well as health and clinical evaluations (including cognitive and behavioural assessments).
  
  
  RESULTS
  On the basis of factor analysis, principal component analysis and item response analysis, the initial 21-items were reduced to six items. The resulting unidimensional scale showed high internal consistency (α = 0.82) and good test-re-test reliability (intra-class correlation for total score = 0.46). External validity was confirmed for the entire sample.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It was concluded that the German short form of the original LMS (MCS) is a valid and reliable measure of mindful creativity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Harvard University , Cambridge, MA , USA .
authors.forename: Chiara S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Haller
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000523:psychology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003405:Creativity; D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany; D006801:Humans; D007406:Interview, Psychological; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D064866:Mindfulness / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D011446:Prospective Studies; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: Creativity; mindfulness; severe traumatic brain injury; short-form; validation