title: Comparison of chemiluminescence and toluidine blue in the diagnosis of dysplasia in leukoplakia: a cross-sectional study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The early diagnosis and treatment of oral cancer at a potentially-malignant stage would reduce morbidity and improve the survival rates and quality of life of patients. Leukoplakia is the most common potentially-malignant disorder. Clinical examination alone cannot differentiate between dysplastic and non-dysplastic leukoplakia. Chemiluminescence and toluidine blue are adjuncts to conventional examination for the early detection of dysplasia. The present study was conducted to compare the efficacies of chemiluminescence and toluidine blue for the diagnosis of dysplasia in leukoplakia.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred patients with leukoplakia were subjected to conventional oral examination, chemiluminescent examination with ViziLite and toluidine blue test, followed by histopathological confirmation of dysplasia.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy of chemiluminescence was 84.84%, 41.17%, 73.68%, 58.33%, and 70%, respectively. For toluidine blue it was 42.4%, 88.23%, 87.50%, 44.11%, and 58% respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both the techniques have adjunctive utility in the diagnosis of dysplasia in leukoplakia, but toluidine blue was more effective in identifying the more severe grades of dysplasia, and thus it effectively discriminated high-risk from low-risk lesions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, Shri Guru Gobind Singh Tricentenary University, Gurgaon, India.
authors.forename: Astha
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chaudhry
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Vokkaligara Sangha Dental College and Hospital, Bengaluru, India.
authors.forename: Muniraju
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Manjunath
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Vokkaligara Sangha Dental College and Hospital, Bengaluru, India.
authors.forename: Deepak
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ashwatappa
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Vokkaligara Sangha Dental College and Hospital, Bengaluru, India.
authors.forename: Sowmya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Krishna
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Vokkaligara Sangha Dental College and Hospital, Bengaluru, India.
authors.forename: Annaji Gopal
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Krishna
mesh_terms: D001706:Biopsy; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D006801:Humans; D007971:Leukoplakia; D007972:Leukoplakia, Oral / Q000175:diagnosis*; D049449:Luminescence; D009062:Mouth Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis; D011230:Precancerous Conditions / Q000175:diagnosis*; D011788:Quality of Life; D014048:Tolonium Chloride
chemical_list: D014048:Tolonium Chloride
keywords: chemiluminescence; dysplasia; leukoplakia; oral cancer; toluidine blue