title: Reasons underlying behaviour of motorcyclists disregarding traffic regulations in urban areas of Indonesia.
abstract: Over the last decade, motorcycle use has been rapidly increasing in Indonesia as have violations of traffic rules committed by motorcyclists. This study aims to explore the impacts of motorcyclists' attitudes, habits, preferences, and travel patterns on their behaviour in disregarding traffic regulations in three cities in Indonesia. The theory of planned behaviour and structural equation modelling are employed to explore these relationships. Consistent with results from previous studies in developed countries, an individual's beliefs and attitudes, social norms and perceived behaviour control significantly influence behaviour in disregarding traffic rules. Young adults and students are found to be more likely to frequently violate traffic regulations. However, unlike previous findings from developed countries, in Indonesia, males are less likely to disregard traffic rules than females. Overall, pushing the motorcycle through a (very) narrow gap, speeding, driving recklessly, and overtaking on the wrong side are the most frequent traffic violations that make up repetitive violation behaviour among urban motorcyclists in Indonesia. The results highlight the need to revisit Indonesian National Traffic Law traffic violation classification and penalties and separate violations that are likely to cause fatal results, thus requiring tougher law enforcement, from violations that are unlikely to have fatal consequences.
authors.affiliation: Department of Transport Science, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), Teknikringen 10, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden. Electronic address: yusak.susilo@abe.kth.se.
authors.forename: Yusak O
authors.initials: YO
authors.lastname: Susilo
authors.affiliation: Graduate Program, Parahyangan Catholic University, Jl. Merdeka 30 Bandung 40117, Indonesia. Electronic address: vftribas@unpar.ac.id.
authors.forename: Tri Basuki
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: Joewono
authors.affiliation: School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of New South Wales, Kensington, Campus, Sydney 2052, Australia. Electronic address: u.vandebona@unsw.edu.au.
authors.forename: Upali
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Vandebona
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001290:Attitude; D001334:Automobile Driving / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence* / Q000523:psychology*; D003617:Dangerous Behavior; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007214:Indonesia; D035846:Law Enforcement; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009049:Motorcycles; D012309:Risk-Taking; D057566:Self Report; D014195:Travel; D014505:Urban Population; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Indonesia; Motorcyclist; Perceived control; Psychological factors; Repetitive traffic violation; Social norms; Structural equation modelling