title: Risk factors for endometrial cancer in black and white women: a pooled analysis from the Epidemiology of Endometrial Cancer Consortium (E2C2).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Endometrial cancer (EC) is the most common gynecologic cancer in the USA. Over the last decade, the incidence rate has been increasing, with a larger increase among blacks. The aim of this study was to compare risk factors for EC in black and white women.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data from seven cohort and four case-control studies were pooled. Unconditional logistic regression was used to estimate adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95 % confidence intervals for each risk factor in blacks and whites separately.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Data were pooled for 2,011 black women (516 cases and 1,495 controls) and 19,297 white women (5,693 cases and 13,604 controls). BMI ≥ 30 was associated with an approximate threefold increase in risk of EC in both black and white women (ORblack 2.93, 95 % CI 2.11, 4.07 and ORwhite 2.99, 95 % CI 2.74, 3.26). Diabetes was associated with a 30-40 % increase in risk among both groups. Increasing parity was associated with decreasing risk of EC in blacks and whites (p value = 0.02 and <0.001, respectively). Current and former smoking was associated with decreased risk of EC among all women. Both black and white women who used oral contraceptives for 10 +years were also at reduced risk of EC (OR 0.49, 95 % CI 0.27, 0.88 and OR 0.69, 95 % CI 0.58, 0.83, respectively). Previous history of hypertension was not associated with EC risk in either group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The major known risk factors for EC exert similar effects on black and white women. Differences in the incidence rates between the two populations may be due to differences in the prevalence of risk factors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 4100 John R. Mailstop: MM04EP, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA. cotem@karmanos.org.|Population Studies and Disparities Research Program, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI, USA. cotem@karmanos.org.
authors.forename: Michele L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Cote
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 4100 John R. Mailstop: MM04EP, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA.
authors.forename: Tala
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Alhajj
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 4100 John R. Mailstop: MM04EP, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA.
authors.forename: Julie J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Ruterbusch
authors.affiliation: Department of Population Sciences, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Leslie
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bernstein
authors.affiliation: Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Louise A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Brinton
authors.affiliation: Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN, USA.|International Epidemiology Foundation, Rockville, MD, USA.
authors.forename: William J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Blot
authors.affiliation: Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA.
authors.forename: Chu
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA.
authors.forename: Margery
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gass
authors.affiliation: Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gaussoin
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Henderson
authors.affiliation: Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Eunjung
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Pamela L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Horn-Ross
authors.affiliation: University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, USA.
authors.forename: Laurence N
authors.initials: LN
authors.lastname: Kolonel
authors.affiliation: University of Florida College of Medicine-Jacksonville, Jacksonville, FL, USA.
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kaunitz
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Xiaolin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.affiliation: Diabetes and Obesity Core, Center for Women's Health Research, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
authors.forename: Wanda K
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: Nicholson
authors.affiliation: Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA.
authors.forename: Amy B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Stacey
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Petruzella
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Timothy R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Rebbeck
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors.forename: V Wendy
authors.initials: VW
authors.lastname: Setiawan
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Lisa B
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Signorello
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 4100 John R. Mailstop: MM04EP, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA.|Population Studies and Disparities Research Program, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI, USA.
authors.forename: Michael S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Simon
authors.affiliation: Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA.|School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
authors.forename: Noel S
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Weiss
authors.affiliation: Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Nicolas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Wentzensen
authors.affiliation: Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Hannah P
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Departments of Population Health and Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zeleniuch-Jacquotte
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Sara H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Olson
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American; D000368:Aged; D044383:Black People; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003276:Contraceptives, Oral / Q000627:therapeutic use; D048909:Diabetes Complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology; D016889:Endometrial Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications; D015994:Incidence; D016015:Logistic Models; D008423:Maternal Age; D008572:Menarche; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D044465:White People; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D003276:Contraceptives, Oral