title: Fructopyrano-(1→4)-glucopyranose inhibits the proliferation of liver cancer cells and angiogenesis in a VEGF/VEGFR dependent manner.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate whether fructopyrano-(1→4)-glucopyranose (FG) inhibits the proliferation of liver cancer cells and angiogenesis in a vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)/vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) dependent manner.
  
  
  METHODS
  Bel-7402, HepG2 and SMMC-7721 cells with high expression of VEGF and VEGFR were screened. Bel-7402 cells and human microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC) were treated with FG for 48 h. CCK-8 assay was used to detect cell proliferation. Wound healing assay was used to investigate effect of FG on the migration of HMECs. Tube formation assay was done to test influence of FG on the angiogenesis of HMECs, and qRT-PCR and western blot assay were performed to detect mRNA and protein expression of VEGF, Fit-1 and KDR. Nude mice were inoculated with Bel-7402 cells, and influence of FG on tumor growth, microvessel density (MVD) and VEGF expression in tumor was investigated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Bel-7402 cells had a significantly higher expression of VEGF and VEGFR when compared with HepG2 cells and SMMC-7721 cells. FG could markedly reduce the mRNA and protein expressions of VEGF, Fit-1 and KDR in Bel-7402 cells and inhibit the proliferation of Bel-7402 cells in a concentration dependent manner. In addition, FG was able to remarkably inhibit the proliferation, migration and angiogenesis of HMECs, exerting anti-angiogenetic effect. In cancer-bearing nude mice, FG was found to inhibit the tumor growth, reduce MVD in tumors and decrease the VEGF in tumors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  FG can inhibit proliferation of liver cancer cells and suppression angiogenesis in liver cancer in a VEGF/VEGFR dependent manner.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Luzhou Medical College Luzhou 646000, China.
authors.forename: Minghua
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Affiliated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Luzhou Medical College Luzhou 646000, China.
authors.forename: Sijin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Luzhou Medical College Luzhou 646000, China.
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Luzhou Medical College Luzhou 646000, China.
authors.forename: Pixian
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Shui
authors.affiliation: Division of Antitumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 201203, China.
authors.forename: Shanshan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, People's Hospital of Luzhou City Luzhou 646000, China.
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.affiliation: Department of Criminal Science and Technology, Sichuan Police College Luzhou 646000, China.
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Dai
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Luzhou Medical College Luzhou 646000, China.
authors.forename: Qin
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Sun
keywords: Vascular endothelial growth factor; fructopyrano-(1→4)-glucopyranose; liver cancer; vascular endothelial growth factor receptor