title: Patterns of accumulation of miRNAs encoded by herpes simplex virus during productive infection, latency, and on reactivation.
abstract: The key events in herpes simplex virus (HSV) infections are (i) replication at a portal of entry into the body modeled by infection of cultured cells; (ii) establishment of a latent state characterized by a sole latency-associated transcript and microRNAs (miRNAs) modeled in murine peripheral ganglia 30 d after inoculation; and (iii) reactivation from the latent state modeled by excision and incubation of ganglia in medium containing anti-NGF antibody for a timespan of a single viral replicative cycle. In this report, we examine the pattern of synthesis and accumulation of 18 HSV-1 miRNAs in the three models. We report the following: (i) H2-3P, H3-3P, H4-3P, H5-3P, H6-3P, and H7-5P accumulated in ganglia harboring latent virus. All but H4-3P were readily detected in productively infected cells, and most likely they originate from three transcriptional units. (ii) H8-5P, H15, H17, H18, H26, and H27 accumulated during reactivation. Of this group, only H26 and H27 could be detected in productively infected cells. (iii) Of the 18 we have examined, only 10 miRNAs were found to accumulate above background levels in productively infected cells. The disparity in the accumulation of miRNAs in cell culture and during reactivation may reflect differences in the patterns of regulation of viral gene expression during productive infection and during reactivation from the latent state.
authors.affiliation: The Marjorie B. Kovler Viral Oncology Laboratories, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637; and.
authors.forename: Te
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Du
authors.affiliation: The Sino-French Hoffmann Institute of Immunology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510182, China.
authors.forename: Zhiyuan
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: The Sino-French Hoffmann Institute of Immunology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510182, China bernard.roizman@bsd.uchicago.edu gzhou1149@163.com.
authors.forename: Guoying
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Grace
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: The Marjorie B. Kovler Viral Oncology Laboratories, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637; and bernard.roizman@bsd.uchicago.edu gzhou1149@163.com.
authors.forename: Bernard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Roizman
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D006561:Herpes Simplex / Q000235:genetics* / Q000821:virology*; D051379:Mice; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008954:Models, Biological; D018139:Simplexvirus / Q000502:physiology*; D012668:Trigeminal Ganglion / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D014775:Virus Activation / Q000235:genetics*; D017735:Virus Latency / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D035683:MicroRNAs
keywords: alpha genes; beta/gamma genes; regulation of gene expression; transcription