title: Nanoscale NMR spectroscopy and imaging of multiple nuclear species.
abstract: Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provide non-invasive information about multiple nuclear species in bulk matter, with wide-ranging applications from basic physics and chemistry to biomedical imaging. However, the spatial resolution of conventional NMR and MRI is limited to several micrometres even at large magnetic fields (>1 T), which is inadequate for many frontier scientific applications such as single-molecule NMR spectroscopy and in vivo MRI of individual biological cells. A promising approach for nanoscale NMR and MRI exploits optical measurements of nitrogen-vacancy (NV) colour centres in diamond, which provide a combination of magnetic field sensitivity and nanoscale spatial resolution unmatched by any existing technology, while operating under ambient conditions in a robust, solid-state system. Recently, single, shallow NV centres were used to demonstrate NMR of nanoscale ensembles of proton spins, consisting of a statistical polarization equivalent to ∼100-1,000 spins in uniform samples covering the surface of a bulk diamond chip. Here, we realize nanoscale NMR spectroscopy and MRI of multiple nuclear species ((1)H, (19)F, (31)P) in non-uniform (spatially structured) samples under ambient conditions and at moderate magnetic fields (∼20 mT) using two complementary sensor modalities.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.
authors.forename: Stephen J
authors.identifier: 0000000331427296
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: DeVience
authors.affiliation: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.
authors.forename: Linh M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Pham
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, Harvard University, 17 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.
authors.forename: Igor
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Lovchinsky
authors.affiliation: 1] Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA [2] Department of Physics, Harvard University, 17 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.
authors.forename: Alexander O
authors.initials: AO
authors.lastname: Sushkov
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Physics and Racah Institute of Physics, Hebrew University, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Jerusalem, Israel.
authors.forename: Nir
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bar-Gill
authors.affiliation: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.
authors.forename: Chinmay
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Belthangady
authors.affiliation: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Casola
authors.affiliation: School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, 15 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.
authors.forename: Madeleine
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Corbett
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, Harvard University, 17 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.
authors.forename: Huiliang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, Harvard University, 17 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.
authors.forename: Mikhail
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lukin
authors.affiliation: 1] Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA [2] Department of Physics, Harvard University, 17 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA [3] Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, 52 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.
authors.forename: Hongkun
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: 1] Department of Physics, Harvard University, 17 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA [2] School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, 15 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.
authors.forename: Amir
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yacoby
authors.affiliation: 1] Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA [2] Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA [3] Department of Physics, Harvard University, 17 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA [4] Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, 52 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.
authors.forename: Ronald L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Walsworth
mesh_terms: D008962:Models, Theoretical; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000737:chemistry*; D019906:Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D009584:Nitrogen