title: Human papillomavirus prevalence in invasive laryngeal cancer in the United States.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a major risk factor for specific cancers of the head and neck, particularly malignancies of the tonsil and base of the tongue. However, the role of HPV in the development of laryngeal cancer has not been definitively established. We conducted a population-based, cancer registry study to evaluate and characterize the genotype-specific prevalence of HPV in invasive laryngeal cancer cases diagnosed in the U.S.
  
  
  METHODS
  The presence of genotype-specific HPV DNA was evaluated using the Linear Array HPV Genotyping Test and the INNO-LiPA HPV Genotyping Assay in formalin-fixed paraffin embedded tissue from 148 invasive laryngeal cancer cases diagnosed in 1993-2004 within the catchment area of three U.S. SEER cancer registries.
  
  
  RESULTS
  HPV DNA was detected in 31 of 148 (21%) invasive laryngeal cancers. Thirteen different genotypes were detected. Overall, HPV 16 and HPV 33 were the most commonly detected types. HPV was detected in 33% (9/27) of women compared with 18% (22/121) of men (p = 0.08). After adjustment for age and year of diagnosis, female patients were more likely to have HPV-positive laryngeal tumors compared to males (adjusted OR 2.84, 95% CI 1.07-7.51). Viral genotype differences were also observed between the sexes. While HPV 16 and 18 constituted half of HPV-positive cases occurring in men, among women, only 1 was HPV 16 positive and none were positive for HPV 18. Overall 5-year survival did not vary by HPV status.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HPV may be involved in the development of a subset of laryngeal cancers and its role may be more predominant in women compared to men.
authors.affiliation: University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, United States of America.
authors.forename: Brenda Y
authors.initials: BY
authors.lastname: Hernandez
authors.affiliation: Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States of America.
authors.forename: Marc T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Goodman
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America.
authors.forename: Charles F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Lynch
authors.affiliation: Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center and Departments of Preventive Medicine and Pathology, USC Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America.
authors.forename: Wendy
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Cozen
authors.affiliation: Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America.
authors.forename: Elizabeth R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Unger
authors.affiliation: Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Steinau
authors.affiliation: Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America.
authors.forename: Trevor
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Thompson
authors.affiliation: Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center and Departments of Preventive Medicine and Pathology, USC Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America.
authors.forename: Maria Sibug
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Saber
authors.affiliation: Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America.
authors.forename: Sean F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Altekruse
authors.affiliation: Battelle Memorial Institute, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America.
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lyu
authors.affiliation: Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America.
authors.forename: Mona
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Saraiya
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D007822:Laryngeal Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D027383:Papillomaviridae / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D015995:Prevalence; D016019:Survival Analysis; D014481:United States