title: Association of cardiovascular risk factors and coronary artery lesion among coronary artery disease patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Coronary artery disease (CAD) is associated with the numbers of risk factors causing coronary atherosclerosis. Coronary artery stenosis is mostly caused by coronary atherosclerosis.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study aims to analyze the association between coronary artery stenosis and cardiovascular risk factors.
  
  
  METHODS
  An observational study was conducted among CAD patients. The diagnostic coronary angiogram was performed from femoral approach using standard catheters and techniques to find out any abnormalities.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total 73 patients (44 male and 29 female) with coronary artery disease undergoing diagnostic coronary angiography was included with the documented cardiovascular risk factors. The coronary stenosis was found in 40 patients on the basis of stenosis grading. Among the established cardiovascular risk factors, sex, diabetes mellitus and smokers show are significantly associated with coronary stenosis among CAD patients. The present study shows the significant association of coronary stenosis among male CAD patients (OR 2.47; CI 0.94-6.48, p<0.05) and similar association has been observed in diabetes mellitus (OR 3.32; CI 1.12-9.84, p<0.05) and smoking (OR 4.10; CI 1.45-11.61, p<0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prevalence of CAD is increased with numbers of presence of cardiovascular risk factors. Male gender, diabetes mellitus and smoking are significantly associated with coronary stenosis among CAD patients. However, hypertension and dyslipidemia are comparable between coronary stenosis and no significant stenosis group.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Dhulikhel Hospital, Kathmandu University Hospital, Dhulikhel, Kavre, Nepal.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Koju
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Dhulikhel Hospital, Kathmandu University Hospital, Dhulikhel, Kavre, Nepal.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Humagain
authors.affiliation: Department of Community Medicine, Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences, Dhulikhel, Kavre, Nepal.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Khanal
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology*; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D023921:Coronary Stenosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009390:Nepal / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects*