title: Predictors of pregnant quitters' intention to return to smoking postpartum.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although many pregnant women quit smoking, most return to smoking postpartum. Returning to smoking is strongly related to women's stated intention about smoking during pregnancy. We examined factors related to women's intention to return to smoking to improve intervention trials.
  
  
  METHODS
  We report cross-sectional baseline data from a randomized controlled trial to prevent postpartum return to smoking. Women (n = 382; 98% consent rate) were English-speaking women who smoked at least 100 cigarettes in their lifetimes and at least 5 cigarettes a day prior to becoming pregnant. We fit logistic regression models to test whether women's intention to return to smoking was associated with demographic and smoking factors such as race, parity, and smoker self-identity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Forty-three percent of women had a strong intention of returning to smoking. Factors independently associated with intending to return to smoking were: stating they did not want to be currently pregnant (OR = 2.1, CI = 1.1-3.9), reporting being abstinent for fewer days (OR = 0.8, CI = 0.7-0.9), being less concerned about the harmful effects of smoking to themselves (OR = 1.6, CI = 0.9-2.8), viewing quit as temporary (OR = 2.1, CI = 1.2-3.6), and self-identifying selves as smokers (OR = 8.7, CI = 5.0-15.2).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although some factors related to intention to return to smoking were unchangeable, it might be possible to attempt to change women's attribution of why they quit to be more permanent and to have them change their self-identity to be a "nonsmoker" from a "smoker who is not currently smoking." Helping women have stronger intentions to stay quit could promote less return to smoking postpartum.
authors.affiliation: Cancer Control and Population Sciences, Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC; Department of Community and Family Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC; kathryn.pollak@duke.edu.
authors.forename: Kathryn I
authors.initials: KI
authors.lastname: Pollak
authors.affiliation: Cancer Control and Population Sciences, Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC; Department of Community and Family Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC;
authors.forename: Laura J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Fish
authors.affiliation: Cancer Control and Population Sciences, Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC;
authors.forename: Pauline
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lyna
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC;
authors.forename: Bercedis L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Peterson
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC;
authors.forename: Geeta K
authors.initials: GK
authors.lastname: Swamy
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA.
authors.forename: Michele D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Levine
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005006:Ethnicity; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D033182:Intention; D016015:Logistic Models; D010298:Parity; D049590:Postpartum Period / Q000523:psychology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011275:Pregnancy, Unwanted / Q000523:psychology; D012008:Recurrence; D012649:Self Concept; D012907:Smoking / Q000523:psychology*; D016540:Smoking Cessation / Q000523:psychology*; D000074606:Smoking Prevention; D014029:Tobacco Use Disorder; D055815:Young Adult