title: Dose-response of 1, 3, and 5 sets of resistance exercise on strength, local muscular endurance, and hypertrophy.
abstract: The study's purpose was to compare the response of performing 1, 3, and 5 sets on measures of performance and muscle hypertrophy. Forty-eight men, with no weight training experience, were randomly assigned to one of the 3 training groups, 1 SET, 3 SETS, 5 SETS, or control group. All training groups performed 3 resistance training sessions per week for 6 months. The 5 repetition maximum (RM) for all training groups increased in the bench press (BP), front lat pull down (LPD), shoulder press (SP), and leg press (LP) (p ≤ 0.05), with the 5 RM increases in the BP and LPD being significantly greater for 5 SETS compared with the other training groups (p ≤ 0.05). Bench press 20 RM in the 3-SET and 5-SET groups significantly increased with the increase being significantly greater than the 1-SET group and the 5-SET group increase being significantly greater than the 3-SET group (p ≤ 0.05). LP 20 RM increased in all training groups (p ≤ 0.05), with the 5-SETS group showing a significantly greater increase than the 1-SET group (p ≤ 0.05). The 3-SET and 5-SET groups significantly increased elbow flexor muscle thickness (MT) with the 5-SET increase being significantly greater than the other 2 training groups (p ≤ 0.05). The 5-SET group significantly increased elbow extensor MT with the increase being significantly greater than the other training groups (p ≤ 0.05). All training groups decreased percent body fat, increased fat-free mass, and vertical jump ability (p ≤ 0.05), with no differences between groups. The results demonstrate a dose-response for the number of sets per exercise and a superiority of multiple sets compared with a single set per exercise for strength gains, muscle endurance, and upper arm muscle hypertrophy.
authors.affiliation: 1Exercise Research Laboratory (LAPEX), Physical Education School, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; 2Department of Kinesiology, University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire, Eau Claire, Wisconsin; 3Physical Education Post-Graduation Program, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; and 4Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luis, Brazil.
authors.forename: Regis
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Radaelli
authors.forename: Steven J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Fleck
authors.forename: Thalita
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Leite
authors.forename: Richard D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Leite
authors.forename: Ronei S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Pinto
authors.forename: Liliam
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Fernandes
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Simão
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological; D000328:Adult; D001132:Arm; D006801:Humans; D006984:Hypertrophy; D008297:Male; D053580:Muscle Strength / Q000502:physiology*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000502:physiology*; D010807:Physical Endurance / Q000502:physiology*; D055070:Resistance Training / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D013997:Time Factors; D014891:Weight Lifting / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult