title: Duty hour restrictions: organizational dynamics, systems issues, and the impact on faculty.
abstract: The potential impact of resident duty hour restrictions on faculty is likely significant; however, the extent of this impact has still not been well documented. We undertook a narrative review of the literature to determine the magnitude of that potential impact and the nature of the evolving discourse related to faculty members as individuals. The literature provides an inconsistent picture of the impact of duty hour restrictions on faculty. While some studies have reported a significant increase in faculty workload, others suggest that the impact of duty hour restrictions has been minimal. Some papers suggest that duty hour restrictions may fundamentally change the nature of resident-teacher interactions and, as a result, will necessitate significant changes to the way education is delivered. Overall, the majority of issues of concern relate to one of the following: volume and composition of work, impact on faculty career choice, evolving perceptions of residents as learners, and the need to find an appropriate balance between learning and the quality and quantity of patient care. In describing these themes we identify some potential solutions and future directions for reconciling duty hour restrictions with faculty perceptions, anxieties, and desired outcomes.
authors.forename: Glen
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bandiera
authors.forename: Melissa Kennedy
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Hynes
authors.forename: Salvatore M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Spadafora
mesh_terms: D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D016206:Databases, Bibliographic; D004503:Education, Medical, Graduate / Q000458:organization & administration* / Q000592:standards / Q000639:trends; D005180:Faculty, Medical / Q000458:organization & administration* / Q000592:standards; D006801:Humans; D007396:Internship and Residency / Q000458:organization & administration* / Q000592:standards / Q000639:trends; D007400:Interprofessional Relations; D007588:Job Satisfaction; D009722:Nurse Practitioners / Q000706:statistics & numerical data / Q000639:trends; D010561:Personnel Staffing and Scheduling / Q000592:standards* / Q000639:trends; D010823:Physician Assistants / Q000706:statistics & numerical data / Q000639:trends; D011785:Quality Assurance, Health Care / Q000458:organization & administration* / Q000592:standards / Q000639:trends; D014940:Work Schedule Tolerance; D016526:Workload