title: Helicobacter heilmannii sensu lato: an overview of the infection in humans.
abstract: Helicobacter heilmannii sensu lato (H. heilmannii s.l.) is a group of gastric non-Helicobacter pylori Helicobacter species that are morphologically indistinguishable from each other. H. heilmannii s.l. infect the stomach of several animals and may have zoonotic potential. Although the prevalence of these infections in humans is low, they are associated with gastric pathology, including mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma, making them a significant health issue. Here, the taxonomy, epidemiology, microbiology, diagnosis, and treatment of these infections will be reviewed. The gastric pathology associated with H. heilmannii s.l. infections in humans will also be addressed. Finally, the features of the complete bacterial genomes available and studies on species-specific pathogenesis will be reviewed. The understanding of the mechanisms that underlie gastric disease development mediated by the different bacterial species that constitute H. heilmannii s.l. is essential for developing strategies for prevention and treatment of these infections.
authors.affiliation: Mario Bento-Miranda, Ceu Figueiredo, Department of Pathology and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bento-Miranda
authors.affiliation: Mario Bento-Miranda, Ceu Figueiredo, Department of Pathology and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: Ceu
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Figueiredo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D016680:Genome, Bacterial; D016481:Helicobacter Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000635:transmission; D018247:Helicobacter heilmannii / Q000145:classification / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions; D006801:Humans; D054328:Proton Pump Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013270:Stomach / Q000187:drug effects / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000473:pathology; D013272:Stomach Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D054328:Proton Pump Inhibitors
keywords: Diagnosis; Gastric non-Helicobacter pylori; Genomes; Helicobacter heilmannii sensu lato; Helicobacter species; Pathogenesis; Treatment