title: Peroxyauraptenol Inhibits Inflammation and NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation by Inhibiting Reactive Oxygen Species Generation and Preserving Mitochondrial Integrity.
abstract: Peroxyauraptenol (PXT) is a peroxide-containing coumarin compound isolated from the seeds of Cnidium monnieri. PXT exerts anti-inflammatory activities, as it reduces the levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase, nitric oxide, IL-6, and NLRP3 inflammasome-derived IL-1β in lipopolysaccharide-activated macrophages. PXT also exerts anti-inflammatory activity by reducing reactive oxygen species generation (including mitochondrial), mitogen-activated protein kinase, protein kinase C-α/δ phosphorylation, and the release of mitochondrial DNA into the cytosol. In addition, PXT suppresses the phagocytic activity of macrophages and IL-1β secretion by Klebsiella pneumoniae-infected macrophages. The unique peroxide group is important for the anti-inflammatory activity of PXT, as this activity is reduced when the peroxide group is replaced by a hydroxyl group. These findings suggest that PXT may be a candidate for the development of anti-inflammatory agents or a healthy supplement for preventing and ameliorating inflammation-related diseases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cosmeceutics, China Medical University , No. 91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, Taiwan 40402.
authors.forename: Louis Kuoping
authors.initials: LK
authors.lastname: Chao
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology and Animal Science, National Ilan University , No. 1, Sec. 1, Shen-Lung Road, Ilan, Taiwan 260.
authors.forename: Cheng-Hsiu
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology and Animal Science, National Ilan University , No. 1, Sec. 1, Shen-Lung Road, Ilan, Taiwan 260.
authors.forename: Huan-Wen
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Chiu
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology and Animal Science, National Ilan University , No. 1, Sec. 1, Shen-Lung Road, Ilan, Taiwan 260.
authors.forename: Wei-Ting
authors.initials: WT
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology and Animal Science, National Ilan University , No. 1, Sec. 1, Shen-Lung Road, Ilan, Taiwan 260.
authors.forename: Hsiao-Wen
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Chiu
authors.affiliation: Graduate Institute of Life Science, National Defense Medical Center , No. 161, Sec. 6, Minquan E. Road, Taipei, Taiwan 114.
authors.forename: Yu-Ling
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Tasi
authors.affiliation: Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University , No. 91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, Taiwan 40402.|Tsuzuki Institute for Traditional Medicine, China Medical University , No. 91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, Taiwan 40402.|Department of Biotechnology, Asia University , No. 500 Lioufeng Road , Wufeng, Taichung, Taiwan 41354.
authors.forename: Yueh-Hsiung
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Kuo
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomechatronic Engineering, National Ilan University , No. 1, Sec. 1, Shen-Lung Road, Ilan, Taiwan 260.
authors.forename: Yi-Chich
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Chiu
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutritional Science, Toko University , No. 51, Sec. 2, Xuefu Road, Chiayi, Taiwan 61363.
authors.forename: May-Lan
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Division of Wood Cellulose, Taiwan Forestry Research Institute , No. 53 Nanhai Road, Taipei, Taiwan 100.
authors.forename: Chen-Lung
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Ho
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology and Animal Science, National Ilan University , No. 1, Sec. 1, Shen-Lung Road, Ilan, Taiwan 260.
authors.forename: Kuo-Feng
authors.initials: KF
authors.lastname: Hua
keywords: NLRP3 inflammasome; inflammation; mitochondria; peroxyauraptenol; reactive oxygen species