title: Melatonin Attenuates Noise Stress-induced Gastrointestinal Motility Disorder and Gastric Stress Ulcer: Role of Gastrointestinal Hormones and Oxidative Stress in Rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  There are increasing evidences for gastrointestinal motility disorder (GIMD) and gastric stress ulcer induced by noise stress. The present study was to investigate the reversed effect of melatonin on GIMD and gastric stress ulcer induced by noise stress and potential mechanism.
  
  
  METHODS
  Noise stress was induced on rats, and melatonin (15 mg/kg) was administered to rats by intraperitoneal injection. Differences were assessed in gastric residual rate (GRR), small intestine propulsion rate (SPR), Guth injury score, cortisol, gastrointestinal hormones (calcitonin-gene-related peptide and motilin) and oxidative stress markers (superoxide dismutase and malondialde hyde) in blood plasma as well as gastric mucosa homogenate with or without melatonin. The pathological examination of gastric mucosa was also performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The GRR and SPR were improved by noise stress compared with control (P < 0.05). The pathological examination and Guth injury score revealed gastric stress ulcer. Moreover, the levels of cortisol, motilin and malondialdehyde in blood plasma and ma-londialdehyde in gastric mucosa homogenate were increased by noise stress (P < 0.05). CGRP and superoxide dismutase activ-ity in both of blood plasma and gastric mucosa homogenate were significantly decreased (P< 0.05). Furthermore, melatonin reversed changes in GRR, SPR, pathological examination, Guth injury score, cortisol, motilin, CGRP, superoxide dismutase activity and malondialdehyde (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Melatonin is effective in reversing the GIMD and gastric stress ulcer induced by noise stress. The underlying mechanism may be involved in oxidative stress and gastrointestinal hormones.
authors.affiliation: Experiment Teaching Center of Basic Medicine, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shan Xi province, China.|Department of General Surgery, No.406 hospital, Da Lian, Liao Ning Province, China.|State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shan Xi Province, China.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Baoji Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Shan Xi Province, China.
authors.forename: Ji T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Gong
authors.affiliation: The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shan Xi Province, China.
authors.forename: Hu Q
authors.initials: HQ
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, No.406 hospital, Da Lian, Liao Ning Province, China.
authors.forename: Quan H
authors.initials: QH
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shan Xi Province, China.
authors.forename: Guang H
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shan Xi Province, China.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, No.406 hospital, Da Lian, Liao Ning Province, China.
authors.forename: Xiao D
authors.initials: XD
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: Experiment Teaching Center of Basic Medicine, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shan Xi province, China.
authors.forename: Hai F
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Experiment Teaching Center of Basic Medicine, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shan Xi province, China.
authors.forename: Fang-E
authors.initials: FE
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases, Tangdu Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
authors.forename: Zhan S
authors.initials: ZS
authors.lastname: Jia
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shan Xi Province, China.
authors.forename: Hong W
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Zhang
keywords: Gastrointestinal hormones; Gastrointestinal motility; Melatonin; Oxidative stress