title: A comparative study of efficacy and safety of the lyophilized powder alpha-erythropoietin and the liquid form alpha-erythropoietin for hemoglobin maintenance in patients with hemodialysis treatment.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Insufficient production oferythropoietin (EPO) is the primary cause ofanemia in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). The EPO treatment is an established treatment for renal anemia. The study investigated the therapeutic outcome between lyophilized powder and liquid form of EPO alpha by intravenous (IV) administration in hemoglobin maintenance of anemic treatment for CKD patients receiving hemodialysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty patients were randomly assigned to either lyophilized powder of EPO alpha (treatment, n = 21) or liquidform of EPO alpha (control, n = 19) for 12 weeks by lVadministration. The hemoglobin was maintained within the target range of 10. 0 to 12.0 g/dL by adjusting the dosage of EPO. The clinical and biochemical profiles including transferrin saturation andferritin were measured. Adverse events were documented.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean hemoglobin ofboth groups at baseline was 11.2±0.6 g/dL. Mean hemoglobin and mean hematocrit levels at baseline, and follow-up data of both groups were not statistically different. The mean weekly dosage of EPO in the treatment and control groups had no statistical significance within the same group and between groups as well. Stable hemoglobin levels were maintained without EPO dosage adjustment in the majority ofpatients in both groups (treatment group, 90.5%, control group, 94.7%). During the 12-week study period, no serious side effect was detected
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study demonstrated that the lyophilizedpowder ofEPO alpha was effective and safe as the standard liquid form of EPO alpha when it was administered by IV route in hemoglobin maintenance of anemia treatment.
authors.forename: Bancha
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Satirapoj
authors.forename: Ouppatham
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Supasyndh
authors.forename: Panbubpa
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Choovichian
mesh_terms: D000740:Anemia / Q000188:drug therapy*; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D004921:Erythropoietin / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D005612:Freeze Drying; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011208:Powders; D006435:Renal Dialysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D006454:Hemoglobins; D011208:Powders; D004921:Erythropoietin