title: G1P[8] species A rotavirus over 27 years--pre- and post-vaccination eras--in Brazil: full genomic constellation analysis and no evidence for selection pressure by Rotarix® vaccine.
abstract: Epidemiological data on species A rotavirus (RVA) infections have demonstrated the genetic diversity of strains circulating worldwide. Many G and P genotype combinations have been described over the years, varying regionally and temporally, especially in developing countries. However, the most common G and P genotype combinations identified in RVA human strains worldwide are G1P[8], G2P[4], G3P[8], G4P[8] and G9P[8]. RVA genotype G1P[8] strains are responsible for more than 50% of child infections worldwide and component of the two vaccines (Rotarix® [RV1] and RotaTeq® [RV5]) licensed globally. For a better understanding of the evolutionary mechanisms of this genotype in Brazil, phylogenetic analyses based on the 11 RVA genome segments (genomic constellation) from 90 G1P[8] RVA strains collected in two eras - (i) pre-vaccination with RV1 (1996-February 2006); (ii) post-vaccination (March 2006-2013) - in different Brazilian states were performed. The results showed the Wa-like genomic constellation of the Brazilian G1P[8] strains with a I1-R1-C1-M1-A1-N1-T1-E1-H1 specificity, except for two strains (rj14055-07 and ba19030-10) that belong to a I1-R1-C1-M1-A1-N1-T3-E1-H1 genomic constellation, evidencing the occurrence of reassortment (Wa-like×AU-1-like) of the NSP3 gene. Reassortment events were also demonstrated between Brazilian G1P[8] strains and the RV1 vaccine strain in some genes in vaccinated and unvaccinated children. VP7 and VP8* antigenic site analysis showed that the amino acid substitutions observed in samples collected after the introduction of RV1 in Brazil were already detected in samples collected in the 1980s and 1990s, suggesting that mass Brazilian RV1 vaccination had no impact on the diversity observed inside antigenic sites for these two proteins.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Comparative and Environmental Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. Electronic address: marcelle.figueira@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Marcelle Figueira Marques
authors.initials: MFM
authors.lastname: da Silva
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Comparative and Environmental Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Tatiana Lundgren
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Rose
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Comparative and Environmental Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Mariela Martínez
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Gómez
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Comparative and Environmental Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Filipe Anibal
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Carvalho-Costa
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Comparative and Environmental Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Alexandre Madi
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Fialho
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Comparative and Environmental Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rosane Maria Santos
authors.initials: RMS
authors.lastname: de Assis
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Comparative and Environmental Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Juliana da Silva Ribeiro
authors.initials: JDSR
authors.lastname: de Andrade
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Comparative and Environmental Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Eduardo de Mello
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Volotão
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Comparative and Environmental Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: José Paulo Gagliardi
authors.initials: JPG
authors.lastname: Leite
mesh_terms: D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D005243:Feces / Q000821:virology; D005759:Gastroenteritis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000821:virology*; D014644:Genetic Variation / Q000235:genetics; D016679:Genome, Viral / Q000235:genetics; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D010802:Phylogeny; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics; D012401:Rotavirus / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D012400:Rotavirus Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000821:virology*; D022243:Rotavirus Vaccines / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D012641:Selection, Genetic; D014611:Vaccination / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: C492457:RIX4414 vaccine; D012367:RNA, Viral; C492535:RotaTeq; D022243:Rotavirus Vaccines; D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated
keywords: Acute gastroenteritis; G1P[8] genomic constellation; Reassortment; Rotarix® vaccine; Species A rotavirus