title: Conservative litigation against sexual and reproductive health policies in Argentina.
abstract: In Argentina, campaigns for the recognition of sexual and reproductive rights have sparked opposition through litigation in which the dynamics of legal action have come from self-proclaimed "pro-life" NGOs, particularly since 1998, when the conservative NGO Portal de Belén successfully achieved the banning of emergency contraception through the courts. The activities of these groups, acting as a "civil arm" of religion, are focused primarily on obstructing access to legally permissible abortions and bringing about the withdrawal of a number of recognized public policies on sexual and reproductive health, particularly the 2002 National Programme for Sexual Health and Responsible Procreation. This paper analyzes the litigation strategies of these conservative NGOs and how their use of the courts in Argentina has changed over the years. It gives examples of efforts in local courts to block individual young women from accessing legal abortion following rape, despite a ruling by the National Supreme Court of Justice in 2012 that no judicial permission is required. In spite of major advances, the renewed influence of the Catholic hierarchy in the Argentine political scene with the accession of the new Pope poses challenges to the work by feminists and women's movements to extend and consolidate sexual and reproductive rights.
authors.affiliation: Researcher, Sexual and Reproductive Rights Program; Doctoral fellow, CIJS-CONICET, School of Law and Social Sciences, National University of Córdoba, Argentina. Electronic address: angelicapdefago@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: María Angélica
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Peñas Defago
authors.affiliation: Fellow, CIJS-CONICET; and Researcher, Sexual and Reproductive Rights Program, School of Law and Social Science, National University of Córdoba, Argentina.
authors.forename: José Manuel
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Morán Faúndes
mesh_terms: D000029:Abortion, Legal / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*; D001118:Argentina; D002410:Catholicism; D003416:Criminal Law; D005260:Female; D006291:Health Policy; D006297:Health Services Accessibility; D006801:Humans; D011057:Politics; D011247:Pregnancy; D060728:Reproductive Health / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*; D046269:Reproductive Rights / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*
keywords: Argentina; conservatism; reproductive rights; self-proclaimed “pro-life” NGOs; strategic litigation