title: Job strain and the risk of stroke: an individual-participant data meta-analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Psychosocial stress at work has been proposed to be a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. However, its role as a risk factor for stroke is uncertain.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted an individual-participant-data meta-analysis of 196 380 males and females from 14 European cohort studies to investigate the association between job strain, a measure of work-related stress, and incident stroke.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 1.8 million person-years at risk (mean follow-up 9.2 years), 2023 first-time stroke events were recorded. The age- and sex-adjusted hazard ratio for job strain relative to no job strain was 1.24 (95% confidence interval, 1.05;1.47) for ischemic stroke, 1.01 (95% confidence interval, 0.75;1.36) for hemorrhagic stroke, and 1.09 (95% confidence interval, 0.94;1.26) for overall stroke. The association with ischemic stroke was robust to further adjustment for socioeconomic status.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Job strain may be associated with an increased risk of ischemic stroke, but further research is needed to determine whether interventions targeting job strain would reduce stroke risk beyond existing preventive strategies.
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Natural Science and Biomedicine, School of Health Sciences, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden (E.I.F.); Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (E.I.F., L.A.); Stress Research Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden (E.I.F., C.L., L.L.M.H., T.T., H.W.); Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Tampere, Finland (S.T.N., K.H.); Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden (L.A.); National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark (J.B.B., I.E.H.M., R.R.); Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark (M.B., M.L.N.); Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (BAuA), Berlin, Germany (H.B.); Institute for Medical Sociology, Medical Faculty, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany (N.D., T.L.); Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Hoofddorp, Netherlands (G.A.G., W.E.H., I.L.H.); Versailles-Saint Quentin University, Versailles, France (M.G., M.Z.); Inserm, Population-based Epidemiologic Cohorts Unit, UMS 011, Villejuif, France (M.G., M.Z.); Inserm U1018, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Villejuif, France (A.S.-M.); Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK (M.H., M. Kumari, M.J.S., A.S., A.B., E.J.B., A.S.-M., G.D.B., M. Kivimäki); Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland (M. Joensuu, A. Koskinen, S.T.-T., M.V., A.V., M. Kivimäki); Institute of Behavioural Sciences (M. Jokela, M. Kivimäki) and Department of Public Health (M. Koskenvuo), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Health Sciences, Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden (A. Knutsson); Department of Psychology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden (M.N.); Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Turku, Finland (T.O., J.P., P.S., J.V.); Danish National
authors.forename: Eleonor I
authors.initials: EI
authors.lastname: Fransson
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Natural Science and Biomedicine, School of Health Sciences, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden (E.I.F.); Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (E.I.F., L.A.); Stress Research Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden (E.I.F., C.L., L.L.M.H., T.T., H.W.); Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Tampere, Finland (S.T.N., K.H.); Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden (L.A.); National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark (J.B.B., I.E.H.M., R.R.); Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark (M.B., M.L.N.); Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (BAuA), Berlin, Germany (H.B.); Institute for Medical Sociology, Medical Faculty, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany (N.D., T.L.); Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Hoofddorp, Netherlands (G.A.G., W.E.H., I.L.H.); Versailles-Saint Quentin University, Versailles, France (M.G., M.Z.); Inserm, Population-based Epidemiologic Cohorts Unit, UMS 011, Villejuif, France (M.G., M.Z.); Inserm U1018, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Villejuif, France (A.S.-M.); Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK (M.H., M. Kumari, M.J.S., A.S., A.B., E.J.B., A.S.-M., G.D.B., M. Kivimäki); Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland (M. Joensuu, A. Koskinen, S.T.-T., M.V., A.V., M. Kivimäki); Institute of Behavioural Sciences (M. Jokela, M. Kivimäki) and Department of Public Health (M. Koskenvuo), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Health Sciences, Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden (A. Knutsson); Department of Psychology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden (M.N.); Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Turku, Finland (T.O., J.P., P.S., J.V.); Danish National
authors.forename: Solja T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Nyberg
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Natural Science and Biomedicine, School of Health Sciences, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden (E.I.F.); Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (E.I.F., L.A.); Stress Research Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden (E.I.F., C.L., L.L.M.H., T.T., H.W.); Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Tampere, Finland (S.T.N., K.H.); Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden (L.A.); National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark (J.B.B., I.E.H.M., R.R.); Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark (M.B., M.L.N.); Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (BAuA), Berlin, Germany (H.B.); Institute for Medical Sociology, Medical Faculty, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany (N.D., T.L.); Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Hoofddorp, Netherlands (G.A.G., W.E.H., I.L.H.); Versailles-Saint Quentin University, Versailles, France (M.G., M.Z.); Inserm, Population-based Epidemiologic Cohorts Unit, UMS 011, Villejuif, France (M.G., M.Z.); Inserm U1018, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Villejuif, France (A.S.-M.); Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK (M.H., M. Kumari, M.J.S., A.S., A.B., E.J.B., A.S.-M., G.D.B., M. Kivimäki); Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland (M. Joensuu, A. Koskinen, S.T.-T., M.V., A.V., M. Kivimäki); Institute of Behavioural Sciences (M. Jokela, M. Kivimäki) and Department of Public Health (M. Koskenvuo), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Health Sciences, Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden (A. Knutsson); Department of Psychology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden (M.N.); Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Turku, Finland (T.O., J.P., P.S., J.V.); Danish National
authors.forename: Katriina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Heikkilä
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Natural Science and Biomedicine, School of Health Sciences, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden (E.I.F.); Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (E.I.F., L.A.); Stress Research Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden (E.I.F., C.L., L.L.M.H., T.T., H.W.); Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Tampere, Finland (S.T.N., K.H.); Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden (L.A.); National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark (J.B.B., I.E.H.M., R.R.); Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark (M.B., M.L.N.); Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (BAuA), Berlin, Germany (H.B.); Institute for Medical Sociology, Medical Faculty, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany (N.D., T.L.); Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Hoofddorp, Netherlands (G.A.G., W.E.H., I.L.H.); Versailles-Saint Quentin University, Versailles, France (M.G., M.Z.); Inserm, Population-based Epidemiologic Cohorts Unit, UMS 011, Villejuif, France (M.G., M.Z.); Inserm U1018, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Villejuif, France (A.S.-M.); Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK (M.H., M. Kumari, M.J.S., A.S., A.B., E.J.B., A.S.-M., G.D.B., M. Kivimäki); Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland (M. Joensuu, A. Koskinen, S.T.-T., M.V., A.V., M. Kivimäki); Institute of Behavioural Sciences (M. Jokela, M. Kivimäki) and Department of Public Health (M. Koskenvuo), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Health Sciences, Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden (A. Knutsson); Department of Psychology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden (M.N.); Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Turku, Finland (T.O., J.P., P.S., J.V.); Danish National
authors.forename: Lars
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Alfredsson
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Natural Science and Biomedicine, School of Health Sciences, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden (E.I.F.); Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (E.I.F., L.A.); Stress Research Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden (E.I.F., C.L., L.L.M.H., T.T., H.W.); Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Tampere, Finland (S.T.N., K.H.); Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden (L.A.); National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark (J.B.B., I.E.H.M., R.R.); Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark (M.B., M.L.N.); Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (BAuA), Berlin, Germany (H.B.); Institute for Medical Sociology, Medical Faculty, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany (N.D., T.L.); Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Hoofddorp, Netherlands (G.A.G., W.E.H., I.L.H.); Versailles-Saint Quentin University, Versailles, France (M.G., M.Z.); Inserm, Population-based Epidemiologic Cohorts Unit, UMS 011, Villejuif, France (M.G., M.Z.); Inserm U1018, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Villejuif, France (A.S.-M.); Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK (M.H., M. Kumari, M.J.S., A.S., A.B., E.J.B., A.S.-M., G.D.B., M. Kivimäki); Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland (M. Joensuu, A. Koskinen, S.T.-T., M.V., A.V., M. Kivimäki); Institute of Behavioural Sciences (M. Jokela, M. Kivimäki) and Department of Public Health (M. Koskenvuo), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Health Sciences, Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden (A. Knutsson); Department of Psychology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden (M.N.); Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Turku, Finland (T.O., J.P., P.S., J.V.); Danish National
authors.forename: Jakob B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Bjorner
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Natural Science and Biomedicine, School of Health Sciences, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden (E.I.F.); Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (E.I.F., L.A.); Stress Research Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden (E.I.F., C.L., L.L.M.H., T.T., H.W.); Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Tampere, Finland (S.T.N., K.H.); Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden (L.A.); National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark (J.B.B., I.E.H.M., R.R.); Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark (M.B., M.L.N.); Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (BAuA), Berlin, Germany (H.B.); Institute for Medical Sociology, Medical Faculty, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany (N.D., T.L.); Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Hoofddorp, Netherlands (G.A.G., W.E.H., I.L.H.); Versailles-Saint Quentin University, Versailles, France (M.G., M.Z.); Inserm, Population-based Epidemiologic Cohorts Unit, UMS 011, Villejuif, France (M.G., M.Z.); Inserm U1018, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Villejuif, France (A.S.-M.); Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK (M.H., M. Kumari, M.J.S., A.S., A.B., E.J.B., A.S.-M., G.D.B., M. Kivimäki); Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland (M. Joensuu, A. Koskinen, S.T.-T., M.V., A.V., M. Kivimäki); Institute of Behavioural Sciences (M. Jokela, M. Kivimäki) and Department of Public Health (M. Koskenvuo), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Health Sciences, Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden (A. Knutsson); Department of Psychology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden (M.N.); Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Turku, Finland (T.O., J.P., P.S., J.V.); Danish National
authors.forename: Marianne
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Borritz
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Natural Science and Biomedicine, School of Health Sciences, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden (E.I.F.); Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (E.I.F., L.A.); Stress Research Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden (E.I.F., C.L., L.L.M.H., T.T., H.W.); Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Tampere, Finland (S.T.N., K.H.); Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden (L.A.); National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark (J.B.B., I.E.H.M., R.R.); Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark (M.B., M.L.N.); Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (BAuA), Berlin, Germany (H.B.); Institute for Medical Sociology, Medical Faculty, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany (N.D., T.L.); Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Hoofddorp, Netherlands (G.A.G., W.E.H., I.L.H.); Versailles-Saint Quentin University, Versailles, France (M.G., M.Z.); Inserm, Population-based Epidemiologic Cohorts Unit, UMS 011, Villejuif, France (M.G., M.Z.); Inserm U1018, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Villejuif, France (A.S.-M.); Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK (M.H., M. Kumari, M.J.S., A.S., A.B., E.J.B., A.S.-M., G.D.B., M. Kivimäki); Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland (M. Joensuu, A. Koskinen, S.T.-T., M.V., A.V., M. Kivimäki); Institute of Behavioural Sciences (M. Jokela, M. Kivimäki) and Department of Public Health (M. Koskenvuo), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Health Sciences, Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden (A. Knutsson); Department of Psychology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden (M.N.); Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Turku, Finland (T.O., J.P., P.S., J.V.); Danish National
authors.forename: Hermann
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Burr
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Natural Science and Biomedicine, School of Health Sciences, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden (E.I.F.); Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (E.I.F., L.A.); Stress Research Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden (E.I.F., C.L., L.L.M.H., T.T., H.W.); Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Tampere, Finland (S.T.N., K.H.); Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden (L.A.); National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark (J.B.B., I.E.H.M., R.R.); Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark (M.B., M.L.N.); Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (BAuA), Berlin, Germany (H.B.); Institute for Medical Sociology, Medical Faculty, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany (N.D., T.L.); Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Hoofddorp, Netherlands (G.A.G., W.E.H., I.L.H.); Versailles-Saint Quentin University, Versailles, France (M.G., M.Z.); Inserm, Population-based Epidemiologic Cohorts Unit, UMS 011, Villejuif, France (M.G., M.Z.); Inserm U1018, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Villejuif, France (A.S.-M.); Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK (M.H., M. Kumari, M.J.S., A.S., A.B., E.J.B., A.S.-M., G.D.B., M. Kivimäki); Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland (M. Joensuu, A. Koskinen, S.T.-T., M.V., A.V., M. Kivimäki); Institute of Behavioural Sciences (M. Jokela, M. Kivimäki) and Department of Public Health (M. Koskenvuo), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Health Sciences, Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden (A. Knutsson); Department of Psychology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden (M.N.); Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Turku, Finland (T.O., J.P., P.S., J.V.); Danish National
authors.forename: Nico
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Dragano
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Natural Science and Biomedicine, School of Health Sciences, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden (E.I.F.); Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (E.I.F., L.A.); Stress Research Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden (E.I.F., C.L., L.L.M.H., T.T., H.W.); Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Tampere, Finland (S.T.N., K.H.); Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden (L.A.); National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark (J.B.B., I.E.H.M., R.R.); Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark (M.B., M.L.N.); Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (BAuA), Berlin, Germany (H.B.); Institute for Medical Sociology, Medical Faculty, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany (N.D., T.L.); Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Hoofddorp, Netherlands (G.A.G., W.E.H., I.L.H.); Versailles-Saint Quentin University, Versailles, France (M.G., M.Z.); Inserm, Population-based Epidemiologic Cohorts Unit, UMS 011, Villejuif, France (M.G., M.Z.); Inserm U1018, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Villejuif, France (A.S.-M.); Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK (M.H., M. Kumari, M.J.S., A.S., A.B., E.J.B., A.S.-M., G.D.B., M. Kivimäki); Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland (M. Joensuu, A. Koskinen, S.T.-T., M.V., A.V., M. Kivimäki); Institute of Behavioural Sciences (M. Jokela, M. Kivimäki) and Department of Public Health (M. Koskenvuo), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Health Sciences, Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden (A. Knutsson); Department of Psychology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden (M.N.); Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Turku, Finland (T.O., J.P., P.S., J.V.); Danish National
authors.forename: Goedele A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Geuskens
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Natural Science and Biomedicine, School of Health Sciences, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden (E.I.F.); Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (E.I.F., L.A.); Stress Research Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden (E.I.F., C.L., L.L.M.H., T.T., H.W.); Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Tampere, Finland (S.T.N., K.H.); Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden (L.A.); National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark (J.B.B., I.E.H.M., R.R.); Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark (M.B., M.L.N.); Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (BAuA), Berlin, Germany (H.B.); Institute for Medical Sociology, Medical Faculty, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany (N.D., T.L.); Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Hoofddorp, Netherlands (G.A.G., W.E.H., I.L.H.); Versailles-Saint Quentin University, Versailles, France (M.G., M.Z.); Inserm, Population-based Epidemiologic Cohorts Unit, UMS 011, Villejuif, France (M.G., M.Z.); Inserm U1018, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Villejuif, France (A.S.-M.); Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK (M.H., M. Kumari, M.J.S., A.S., A.B., E.J.B., A.S.-M., G.D.B., M. Kivimäki); Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland (M. Joensuu, A. Koskinen, S.T.-T., M.V., A.V., M. Kivimäki); Institute of Behavioural Sciences (M. Jokela, M. Kivimäki) and Department of Public Health (M. Koskenvuo), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Health Sciences, Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden (A. Knutsson); Department of Psychology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden (M.N.); Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Turku, Finland (T.O., J.P., P.S., J.V.); Danish National
authors.forename: Marcel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Goldberg
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Natural Science and Biomedicine, School of Health Sciences, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden (E.I.F.); Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (E.I.F., L.A.); Stress Research Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden (E.I.F., C.L., L.L.M.H., T.T., H.W.); Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Tampere, Finland (S.T.N., K.H.); Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden (L.A.); National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark (J.B.B., I.E.H.M., R.R.); Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark (M.B., M.L.N.); Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (BAuA), Berlin, Germany (H.B.); Institute for Medical Sociology, Medical Faculty, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany (N.D., T.L.); Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Hoofddorp, Netherlands (G.A.G., W.E.H., I.L.H.); Versailles-Saint Quentin University, Versailles, France (M.G., M.Z.); Inserm, Population-based Epidemiologic Cohorts Unit, UMS 011, Villejuif, France (M.G., M.Z.); Inserm U1018, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Villejuif, France (A.S.-M.); Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK (M.H., M. Kumari, M.J.S., A.S., A.B., E.J.B., A.S.-M., G.D.B., M. Kivimäki); Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland (M. Joensuu, A. Koskinen, S.T.-T., M.V., A.V., M. Kivimäki); Institute of Behavioural Sciences (M. Jokela, M. Kivimäki) and Department of Public Health (M. Koskenvuo), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Health Sciences, Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden (A. Knutsson); Department of Psychology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden (M.N.); Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Turku, Finland (T.O., J.P., P.S., J.V.); Danish National
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hamer
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Natural Science and Biomedicine, School of Health Sciences, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden (E.I.F.); Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (E.I.F., L.A.); Stress Research Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden (E.I.F., C.L., L.L.M.H., T.T., H.W.); Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Tampere, Finland (S.T.N., K.H.); Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden (L.A.); National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark (J.B.B., I.E.H.M., R.R.); Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark (M.B., M.L.N.); Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (BAuA), Berlin, Germany (H.B.); Institute for Medical Sociology, Medical Faculty, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany (N.D., T.L.); Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Hoofddorp, Netherlands (G.A.G., W.E.H., I.L.H.); Versailles-Saint Quentin University, Versailles, France (M.G., M.Z.); Inserm, Population-based Epidemiologic Cohorts Unit, UMS 011, Villejuif, France (M.G., M.Z.); Inserm U1018, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Villejuif, France (A.S.-M.); Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK (M.H., M. Kumari, M.J.S., A.S., A.B., E.J.B., A.S.-M., G.D.B., M. Kivimäki); Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland (M. Joensuu, A. Koskinen, S.T.-T., M.V., A.V., M. Kivimäki); Institute of Behavioural Sciences (M. Jokela, M. Kivimäki) and Department of Public Health (M. Koskenvuo), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Health Sciences, Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden (A. Knutsson); Department of Psychology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden (M.N.); Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Turku, Finland (T.O., J.P., P.S., J.V.); Danish National
authors.forename: Wendela E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Hooftman
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Natural Science and Biomedicine, School of Health Sciences, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden (E.I.F.); Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (E.I.F., L.A.); Stress Research Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden (E.I.F., C.L., L.L.M.H., T.T., H.W.); Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Tampere, Finland (S.T.N., K.H.); Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden (L.A.); National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark (J.B.B., I.E.H.M., R.R.); Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark (M.B., M.L.N.); Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (BAuA), Berlin, Germany (H.B.); Institute for Medical Sociology, Medical Faculty, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany (N.D., T.L.); Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Hoofddorp, Netherlands (G.A.G., W.E.H., I.L.H.); Versailles-Saint Quentin University, Versailles, France (M.G., M.Z.); Inserm, Population-based Epidemiologic Cohorts Unit, UMS 011, Villejuif, France (M.G., M.Z.); Inserm U1018, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Villejuif, France (A.S.-M.); Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK (M.H., M. Kumari, M.J.S., A.S., A.B., E.J.B., A.S.-M., G.D.B., M. Kivimäki); Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland (M. Joensuu, A. Koskinen, S.T.-T., M.V., A.V., M. Kivimäki); Institute of Behavioural Sciences (M. Jokela, M. Kivimäki) and Department of Public Health (M. Koskenvuo), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Health Sciences, Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden (A. Knutsson); Department of Psychology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden (M.N.); Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Turku, Finland (T.O., J.P., P.S., J.V.); Danish National
authors.forename: Irene L
authors.initials: IL
authors.lastname: Houtman
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Natural Science and Biomedicine, School of Health Sciences, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden (E.I.F.); Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (E.I.F., L.A.); Stress Research Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden (E.I.F., C.L., L.L.M.H., T.T., H.W.); Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Tampere, Finland (S.T.N., K.H.); Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden (L.A.); National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark (J.B.B., I.E.H.M., R.R.); Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark (M.B., M.L.N.); Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (BAuA), Berlin, Germany (H.B.); Institute for Medical Sociology, Medical Faculty, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany (N.D., T.L.); Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Hoofddorp, Netherlands (G.A.G., W.E.H., I.L.H.); Versailles-Saint Quentin University, Versailles, France (M.G., M.Z.); Inserm, Population-based Epidemiologic Cohorts Unit, UMS 011, Villejuif, France (M.G., M.Z.); Inserm U1018, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Villejuif, France (A.S.-M.); Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK (M.H., M. Kumari, M.J.S., A.S., A.B., E.J.B., A.S.-M., G.D.B., M. Kivimäki); Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland (M. Joensuu, A. Koskinen, S.T.-T., M.V., A.V., M. Kivimäki); Institute of Behavioural Sciences (M. Jokela, M. Kivimäki) and Department of Public Health (M. Koskenvuo), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Health Sciences, Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden (A. Knutsson); Department of Psychology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden (M.N.); Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Turku, Finland (T.O., J.P., P.S., J.V.); Danish National
authors.forename: Matti
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Joensuu
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Natural Science and Biomedicine, School of Health Sciences, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden (E.I.F.); Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (E.I.F., L.A.); Stress Research Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden (E.I.F., C.L., L.L.M.H., T.T., H.W.); Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Tampere, Finland (S.T.N., K.H.); Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden (L.A.); National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark (J.B.B., I.E.H.M., R.R.); Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark (M.B., M.L.N.); Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (BAuA), Berlin, Germany (H.B.); Institute for Medical Sociology, Medical Faculty, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany (N.D., T.L.); Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Hoofddorp, Netherlands (G.A.G., W.E.H., I.L.H.); Versailles-Saint Quentin University, Versailles, France (M.G., M.Z.); Inserm, Population-based Epidemiologic Cohorts Unit, UMS 011, Villejuif, France (M.G., M.Z.); Inserm U1018, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Villejuif, France (A.S.-M.); Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK (M.H., M. Kumari, M.J.S., A.S., A.B., E.J.B., A.S.-M., G.D.B., M. Kivimäki); Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland (M. Joensuu, A. Koskinen, S.T.-T., M.V., A.V., M. Kivimäki); Institute of Behavioural Sciences (M. Jokela, M. Kivimäki) and Department of Public Health (M. Koskenvuo), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Health Sciences, Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden (A. Knutsson); Department of Psychology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden (M.N.); Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Turku, Finland (T.O., J.P., P.S., J.V.); Danish National
authors.forename: Markus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jokela
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Natural Science and Biomedicine, School of Health Sciences, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden (E.I.F.); Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (E.I.F., L.A.); Stress Research Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden (E.I.F., C.L., L.L.M.H., T.T., H.W.); Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Tampere, Finland (S.T.N., K.H.); Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden (L.A.); National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark (J.B.B., I.E.H.M., R.R.); Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark (M.B., M.L.N.); Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (BAuA), Berlin, Germany (H.B.); Institute for Medical Sociology, Medical Faculty, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany (N.D., T.L.); Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Hoofddorp, Netherlands (G.A.G., W.E.H., I.L.H.); Versailles-Saint Quentin University, Versailles, France (M.G., M.Z.); Inserm, Population-based Epidemiologic Cohorts Unit, UMS 011, Villejuif, France (M.G., M.Z.); Inserm U1018, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Villejuif, France (A.S.-M.); Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK (M.H., M. Kumari, M.J.S., A.S., A.B., E.J.B., A.S.-M., G.D.B., M. Kivimäki); Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland (M. Joensuu, A. Koskinen, S.T.-T., M.V., A.V., M. Kivimäki); Institute of Behavioural Sciences (M. Jokela, M. Kivimäki) and Department of Public Health (M. Koskenvuo), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Health Sciences, Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden (A. Knutsson); Department of Psychology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden (M.N.); Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Turku, Finland (T.O., J.P., P.S., J.V.); Danish National
authors.forename: Anders
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Knutsson
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Natural Science and Biomedicine, School of Health Sciences, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden (E.I.F.); Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (E.I.F., L.A.); Stress Research Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden (E.I.F., C.L., L.L.M.H., T.T., H.W.); Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Tampere, Finland (S.T.N., K.H.); Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden (L.A.); National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark (J.B.B., I.E.H.M., R.R.); Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark (M.B., M.L.N.); Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (BAuA), Berlin, Germany (H.B.); Institute for Medical Sociology, Medical Faculty, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany (N.D., T.L.); Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Hoofddorp, Netherlands (G.A.G., W.E.H., I.L.H.); Versailles-Saint Quentin University, Versailles, France (M.G., M.Z.); Inserm, Population-based Epidemiologic Cohorts Unit, UMS 011, Villejuif, France (M.G., M.Z.); Inserm U1018, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Villejuif, France (A.S.-M.); Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK (M.H., M. Kumari, M.J.S., A.S., A.B., E.J.B., A.S.-M., G.D.B., M. Kivimäki); Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland (M. Joensuu, A. Koskinen, S.T.-T., M.V., A.V., M. Kivimäki); Institute of Behavioural Sciences (M. Jokela, M. Kivimäki) and Department of Public Health (M. Koskenvuo), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Health Sciences, Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden (A. Knutsson); Department of Psychology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden (M.N.); Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Turku, Finland (T.O., J.P., P.S., J.V.); Danish National
authors.forename: Markku
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Koskenvuo
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Natural Science and Biomedicine, School of Health Sciences, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden (E.I.F.); Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (E.I.F., L.A.); Stress Research Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden (E.I.F., C.L., L.L.M.H., T.T., H.W.); Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Tampere, Finland (S.T.N., K.H.); Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden (L.A.); National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark (J.B.B., I.E.H.M., R.R.); Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark (M.B., M.L.N.); Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (BAuA), Berlin, Germany (H.B.); Institute for Medical Sociology, Medical Faculty, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany (N.D., T.L.); Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Hoofddorp, Netherlands (G.A.G., W.E.H., I.L.H.); Versailles-Saint Quentin University, Versailles, France (M.G., M.Z.); Inserm, Population-based Epidemiologic Cohorts Unit, UMS 011, Villejuif, France (M.G., M.Z.); Inserm U1018, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Villejuif, France (A.S.-M.); Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK (M.H., M. Kumari, M.J.S., A.S., A.B., E.J.B., A.S.-M., G.D.B., M. Kivimäki); Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland (M. Joensuu, A. Koskinen, S.T.-T., M.V., A.V., M. Kivimäki); Institute of Behavioural Sciences (M. Jokela, M. Kivimäki) and Department of Public Health (M. Koskenvuo), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Health Sciences, Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden (A. Knutsson); Department of Psychology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden (M.N.); Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Turku, Finland (T.O., J.P., P.S., J.V.); Danish National
authors.forename: Aki
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Koskinen
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Natural Science and Biomedicine, School of Health Sciences, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden (E.I.F.); Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (E.I.F., L.A.); Stress Research Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden (E.I.F., C.L., L.L.M.H., T.T., H.W.); Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Tampere, Finland (S.T.N., K.H.); Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden (L.A.); National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark (J.B.B., I.E.H.M., R.R.); Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark (M.B., M.L.N.); Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (BAuA), Berlin, Germany (H.B.); Institute for Medical Sociology, Medical Faculty, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany (N.D., T.L.); Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Hoofddorp, Netherlands (G.A.G., W.E.H., I.L.H.); Versailles-Saint Quentin University, Versailles, France (M.G., M.Z.); Inserm, Population-based Epidemiologic Cohorts Unit, UMS 011, Villejuif, France (M.G., M.Z.); Inserm U1018, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Villejuif, France (A.S.-M.); Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK (M.H., M. Kumari, M.J.S., A.S., A.B., E.J.B., A.S.-M., G.D.B., M. Kivimäki); Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland (M. Joensuu, A. Koskinen, S.T.-T., M.V., A.V., M. Kivimäki); Institute of Behavioural Sciences (M. Jokela, M. Kivimäki) and Department of Public Health (M. Koskenvuo), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Health Sciences, Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden (A. Knutsson); Department of Psychology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden (M.N.); Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Turku, Finland (T.O., J.P., P.S., J.V.); Danish National
authors.forename: Meena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kumari
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Natural Science and Biomedicine, School of Health Sciences, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden (E.I.F.); Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (E.I.F., L.A.); Stress Research Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden (E.I.F., C.L., L.L.M.H., T.T., H.W.); Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Tampere, Finland (S.T.N., K.H.); Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden (L.A.); National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark (J.B.B., I.E.H.M., R.R.); Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark (M.B., M.L.N.); Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (BAuA), Berlin, Germany (H.B.); Institute for Medical Sociology, Medical Faculty, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany (N.D., T.L.); Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Hoofddorp, Netherlands (G.A.G., W.E.H., I.L.H.); Versailles-Saint Quentin University, Versailles, France (M.G., M.Z.); Inserm, Population-based Epidemiologic Cohorts Unit, UMS 011, Villejuif, France (M.G., M.Z.); Inserm U1018, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Villejuif, France (A.S.-M.); Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK (M.H., M. Kumari, M.J.S., A.S., A.B., E.J.B., A.S.-M., G.D.B., M. Kivimäki); Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland (M. Joensuu, A. Koskinen, S.T.-T., M.V., A.V., M. Kivimäki); Institute of Behavioural Sciences (M. Jokela, M. Kivimäki) and Department of Public Health (M. Koskenvuo), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Health Sciences, Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden (A. Knutsson); Department of Psychology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden (M.N.); Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Turku, Finland (T.O., J.P., P.S., J.V.); Danish National
authors.forename: Constanze
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Leineweber
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Natural Science and Biomedicine, School of Health Sciences, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden (E.I.F.); Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (E.I.F., L.A.); Stress Research Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden (E.I.F., C.L., L.L.M.H., T.T., H.W.); Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Tampere, Finland (S.T.N., K.H.); Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden (L.A.); National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark (J.B.B., I.E.H.M., R.R.); Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark (M.B., M.L.N.); Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (BAuA), Berlin, Germany (H.B.); Institute for Medical Sociology, Medical Faculty, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany (N.D., T.L.); Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Hoofddorp, Netherlands (G.A.G., W.E.H., I.L.H.); Versailles-Saint Quentin University, Versailles, France (M.G., M.Z.); Inserm, Population-based Epidemiologic Cohorts Unit, UMS 011, Villejuif, France (M.G., M.Z.); Inserm U1018, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Villejuif, France (A.S.-M.); Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK (M.H., M. Kumari, M.J.S., A.S., A.B., E.J.B., A.S.-M., G.D.B., M. Kivimäki); Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland (M. Joensuu, A. Koskinen, S.T.-T., M.V., A.V., M. Kivimäki); Institute of Behavioural Sciences (M. Jokela, M. Kivimäki) and Department of Public Health (M. Koskenvuo), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Health Sciences, Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden (A. Knutsson); Department of Psychology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden (M.N.); Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Turku, Finland (T.O., J.P., P.S., J.V.); Danish National
authors.forename: Thorsten
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lunau
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Natural Science and Biomedicine, School of Health Sciences, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden (E.I.F.); Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (E.I.F., L.A.); Stress Research Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden (E.I.F., C.L., L.L.M.H., T.T., H.W.); Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Tampere, Finland (S.T.N., K.H.); Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden (L.A.); National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark (J.B.B., I.E.H.M., R.R.); Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark (M.B., M.L.N.); Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (BAuA), Berlin, Germany (H.B.); Institute for Medical Sociology, Medical Faculty, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany (N.D., T.L.); Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Hoofddorp, Netherlands (G.A.G., W.E.H., I.L.H.); Versailles-Saint Quentin University, Versailles, France (M.G., M.Z.); Inserm, Population-based Epidemiologic Cohorts Unit, UMS 011, Villejuif, France (M.G., M.Z.); Inserm U1018, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Villejuif, France (A.S.-M.); Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK (M.H., M. Kumari, M.J.S., A.S., A.B., E.J.B., A.S.-M., G.D.B., M. Kivimäki); Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland (M. Joensuu, A. Koskinen, S.T.-T., M.V., A.V., M. Kivimäki); Institute of Behavioural Sciences (M. Jokela, M. Kivimäki) and Department of Public Health (M. Koskenvuo), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Health Sciences, Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden (A. Knutsson); Department of Psychology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden (M.N.); Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Turku, Finland (T.O., J.P., P.S., J.V.); Danish National
authors.forename: Ida E H
authors.initials: IE
authors.lastname: Madsen
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Natural Science and Biomedicine, School of Health Sciences, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden (E.I.F.); Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (E.I.F., L.A.); Stress Research Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden (E.I.F., C.L., L.L.M.H., T.T., H.W.); Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Tampere, Finland (S.T.N., K.H.); Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden (L.A.); National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark (J.B.B., I.E.H.M., R.R.); Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark (M.B., M.L.N.); Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (BAuA), Berlin, Germany (H.B.); Institute for Medical Sociology, Medical Faculty, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany (N.D., T.L.); Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Hoofddorp, Netherlands (G.A.G., W.E.H., I.L.H.); Versailles-Saint Quentin University, Versailles, France (M.G., M.Z.); Inserm, Population-based Epidemiologic Cohorts Unit, UMS 011, Villejuif, France (M.G., M.Z.); Inserm U1018, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Villejuif, France (A.S.-M.); Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK (M.H., M. Kumari, M.J.S., A.S., A.B., E.J.B., A.S.-M., G.D.B., M. Kivimäki); Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland (M. Joensuu, A. Koskinen, S.T.-T., M.V., A.V., M. Kivimäki); Institute of Behavioural Sciences (M. Jokela, M. Kivimäki) and Department of Public Health (M. Koskenvuo), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Health Sciences, Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden (A. Knutsson); Department of Psychology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden (M.N.); Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Turku, Finland (T.O., J.P., P.S., J.V.); Danish National
authors.forename: Linda L Magnusson
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Hanson
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Natural Science and Biomedicine, School of Health Sciences, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden (E.I.F.); Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (E.I.F., L.A.); Stress Research Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden (E.I.F., C.L., L.L.M.H., T.T., H.W.); Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Tampere, Finland (S.T.N., K.H.); Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden (L.A.); National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark (J.B.B., I.E.H.M., R.R.); Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark (M.B., M.L.N.); Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (BAuA), Berlin, Germany (H.B.); Institute for Medical Sociology, Medical Faculty, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany (N.D., T.L.); Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Hoofddorp, Netherlands (G.A.G., W.E.H., I.L.H.); Versailles-Saint Quentin University, Versailles, France (M.G., M.Z.); Inserm, Population-based Epidemiologic Cohorts Unit, UMS 011, Villejuif, France (M.G., M.Z.); Inserm U1018, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Villejuif, France (A.S.-M.); Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK (M.H., M. Kumari, M.J.S., A.S., A.B., E.J.B., A.S.-M., G.D.B., M. Kivimäki); Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland (M. Joensuu, A. Koskinen, S.T.-T., M.V., A.V., M. Kivimäki); Institute of Behavioural Sciences (M. Jokela, M. Kivimäki) and Department of Public Health (M. Koskenvuo), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Health Sciences, Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden (A. Knutsson); Department of Psychology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden (M.N.); Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Turku, Finland (T.O., J.P., P.S., J.V.); Danish National
authors.forename: Martin L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Nielsen
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Natural Science and Biomedicine, School of Health Sciences, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden (E.I.F.); Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (E.I.F., L.A.); Stress Research Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden (E.I.F., C.L., L.L.M.H., T.T., H.W.); Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Tampere, Finland (S.T.N., K.H.); Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden (L.A.); National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark (J.B.B., I.E.H.M., R.R.); Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark (M.B., M.L.N.); Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (BAuA), Berlin, Germany (H.B.); Institute for Medical Sociology, Medical Faculty, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany (N.D., T.L.); Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Hoofddorp, Netherlands (G.A.G., W.E.H., I.L.H.); Versailles-Saint Quentin University, Versailles, France (M.G., M.Z.); Inserm, Population-based Epidemiologic Cohorts Unit, UMS 011, Villejuif, France (M.G., M.Z.); Inserm U1018, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Villejuif, France (A.S.-M.); Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK (M.H., M. Kumari, M.J.S., A.S., A.B., E.J.B., A.S.-M., G.D.B., M. Kivimäki); Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland (M. Joensuu, A. Koskinen, S.T.-T., M.V., A.V., M. Kivimäki); Institute of Behavioural Sciences (M. Jokela, M. Kivimäki) and Department of Public Health (M. Koskenvuo), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Health Sciences, Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden (A. Knutsson); Department of Psychology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden (M.N.); Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Turku, Finland (T.O., J.P., P.S., J.V.); Danish National
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nordin
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Natural Science and Biomedicine, School of Health Sciences, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden (E.I.F.); Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (E.I.F., L.A.); Stress Research Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden (E.I.F., C.L., L.L.M.H., T.T., H.W.); Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Tampere, Finland (S.T.N., K.H.); Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden (L.A.); National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark (J.B.B., I.E.H.M., R.R.); Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark (M.B., M.L.N.); Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (BAuA), Berlin, Germany (H.B.); Institute for Medical Sociology, Medical Faculty, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany (N.D., T.L.); Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Hoofddorp, Netherlands (G.A.G., W.E.H., I.L.H.); Versailles-Saint Quentin University, Versailles, France (M.G., M.Z.); Inserm, Population-based Epidemiologic Cohorts Unit, UMS 011, Villejuif, France (M.G., M.Z.); Inserm U1018, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Villejuif, France (A.S.-M.); Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK (M.H., M. Kumari, M.J.S., A.S., A.B., E.J.B., A.S.-M., G.D.B., M. Kivimäki); Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland (M. Joensuu, A. Koskinen, S.T.-T., M.V., A.V., M. Kivimäki); Institute of Behavioural Sciences (M. Jokela, M. Kivimäki) and Department of Public Health (M. Koskenvuo), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Health Sciences, Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden (A. Knutsson); Department of Psychology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden (M.N.); Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Turku, Finland (T.O., J.P., P.S., J.V.); Danish National
authors.forename: Tuula
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Oksanen
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Natural Science and Biomedicine, School of Health Sciences, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden (E.I.F.); Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (E.I.F., L.A.); Stress Research Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden (E.I.F., C.L., L.L.M.H., T.T., H.W.); Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Tampere, Finland (S.T.N., K.H.); Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden (L.A.); National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark (J.B.B., I.E.H.M., R.R.); Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark (M.B., M.L.N.); Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (BAuA), Berlin, Germany (H.B.); Institute for Medical Sociology, Medical Faculty, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany (N.D., T.L.); Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Hoofddorp, Netherlands (G.A.G., W.E.H., I.L.H.); Versailles-Saint Quentin University, Versailles, France (M.G., M.Z.); Inserm, Population-based Epidemiologic Cohorts Unit, UMS 011, Villejuif, France (M.G., M.Z.); Inserm U1018, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Villejuif, France (A.S.-M.); Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK (M.H., M. Kumari, M.J.S., A.S., A.B., E.J.B., A.S.-M., G.D.B., M. Kivimäki); Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland (M. Joensuu, A. Koskinen, S.T.-T., M.V., A.V., M. Kivimäki); Institute of Behavioural Sciences (M. Jokela, M. Kivimäki) and Department of Public Health (M. Koskenvuo), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Health Sciences, Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden (A. Knutsson); Department of Psychology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden (M.N.); Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Turku, Finland (T.O., J.P., P.S., J.V.); Danish National
authors.forename: Jaana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pentti
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Natural Science and Biomedicine, School of Health Sciences, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden (E.I.F.); Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (E.I.F., L.A.); Stress Research Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden (E.I.F., C.L., L.L.M.H., T.T., H.W.); Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Tampere, Finland (S.T.N., K.H.); Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden (L.A.); National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark (J.B.B., I.E.H.M., R.R.); Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark (M.B., M.L.N.); Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (BAuA), Berlin, Germany (H.B.); Institute for Medical Sociology, Medical Faculty, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany (N.D., T.L.); Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Hoofddorp, Netherlands (G.A.G., W.E.H., I.L.H.); Versailles-Saint Quentin University, Versailles, France (M.G., M.Z.); Inserm, Population-based Epidemiologic Cohorts Unit, UMS 011, Villejuif, France (M.G., M.Z.); Inserm U1018, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Villejuif, France (A.S.-M.); Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK (M.H., M. Kumari, M.J.S., A.S., A.B., E.J.B., A.S.-M., G.D.B., M. Kivimäki); Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland (M. Joensuu, A. Koskinen, S.T.-T., M.V., A.V., M. Kivimäki); Institute of Behavioural Sciences (M. Jokela, M. Kivimäki) and Department of Public Health (M. Koskenvuo), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Health Sciences, Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden (A. Knutsson); Department of Psychology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden (M.N.); Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Turku, Finland (T.O., J.P., P.S., J.V.); Danish National
authors.forename: Jan H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Pejtersen
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Natural Science and Biomedicine, School of Health Sciences, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden (E.I.F.); Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (E.I.F., L.A.); Stress Research Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden (E.I.F., C.L., L.L.M.H., T.T., H.W.); Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Tampere, Finland (S.T.N., K.H.); Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden (L.A.); National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark (J.B.B., I.E.H.M., R.R.); Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark (M.B., M.L.N.); Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (BAuA), Berlin, Germany (H.B.); Institute for Medical Sociology, Medical Faculty, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany (N.D., T.L.); Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Hoofddorp, Netherlands (G.A.G., W.E.H., I.L.H.); Versailles-Saint Quentin University, Versailles, France (M.G., M.Z.); Inserm, Population-based Epidemiologic Cohorts Unit, UMS 011, Villejuif, France (M.G., M.Z.); Inserm U1018, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Villejuif, France (A.S.-M.); Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK (M.H., M. Kumari, M.J.S., A.S., A.B., E.J.B., A.S.-M., G.D.B., M. Kivimäki); Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland (M. Joensuu, A. Koskinen, S.T.-T., M.V., A.V., M. Kivimäki); Institute of Behavioural Sciences (M. Jokela, M. Kivimäki) and Department of Public Health (M. Koskenvuo), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Health Sciences, Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden (A. Knutsson); Department of Psychology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden (M.N.); Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Turku, Finland (T.O., J.P., P.S., J.V.); Danish National
authors.forename: Reiner
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rugulies
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Natural Science and Biomedicine, School of Health Sciences, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden (E.I.F.); Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (E.I.F., L.A.); Stress Research Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden (E.I.F., C.L., L.L.M.H., T.T., H.W.); Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Tampere, Finland (S.T.N., K.H.); Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden (L.A.); National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark (J.B.B., I.E.H.M., R.R.); Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark (M.B., M.L.N.); Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (BAuA), Berlin, Germany (H.B.); Institute for Medical Sociology, Medical Faculty, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany (N.D., T.L.); Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Hoofddorp, Netherlands (G.A.G., W.E.H., I.L.H.); Versailles-Saint Quentin University, Versailles, France (M.G., M.Z.); Inserm, Population-based Epidemiologic Cohorts Unit, UMS 011, Villejuif, France (M.G., M.Z.); Inserm U1018, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Villejuif, France (A.S.-M.); Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK (M.H., M. Kumari, M.J.S., A.S., A.B., E.J.B., A.S.-M., G.D.B., M. Kivimäki); Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland (M. Joensuu, A. Koskinen, S.T.-T., M.V., A.V., M. Kivimäki); Institute of Behavioural Sciences (M. Jokela, M. Kivimäki) and Department of Public Health (M. Koskenvuo), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Health Sciences, Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden (A. Knutsson); Department of Psychology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden (M.N.); Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Turku, Finland (T.O., J.P., P.S., J.V.); Danish National
authors.forename: Paula
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Salo
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Natural Science and Biomedicine, School of Health Sciences, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden (E.I.F.); Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (E.I.F., L.A.); Stress Research Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden (E.I.F., C.L., L.L.M.H., T.T., H.W.); Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Tampere, Finland (S.T.N., K.H.); Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden (L.A.); National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark (J.B.B., I.E.H.M., R.R.); Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark (M.B., M.L.N.); Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (BAuA), Berlin, Germany (H.B.); Institute for Medical Sociology, Medical Faculty, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany (N.D., T.L.); Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Hoofddorp, Netherlands (G.A.G., W.E.H., I.L.H.); Versailles-Saint Quentin University, Versailles, France (M.G., M.Z.); Inserm, Population-based Epidemiologic Cohorts Unit, UMS 011, Villejuif, France (M.G., M.Z.); Inserm U1018, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Villejuif, France (A.S.-M.); Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK (M.H., M. Kumari, M.J.S., A.S., A.B., E.J.B., A.S.-M., G.D.B., M. Kivimäki); Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland (M. Joensuu, A. Koskinen, S.T.-T., M.V., A.V., M. Kivimäki); Institute of Behavioural Sciences (M. Jokela, M. Kivimäki) and Department of Public Health (M. Koskenvuo), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Health Sciences, Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden (A. Knutsson); Department of Psychology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden (M.N.); Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Turku, Finland (T.O., J.P., P.S., J.V.); Danish National
authors.forename: Martin J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Shipley
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Natural Science and Biomedicine, School of Health Sciences, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden (E.I.F.); Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (E.I.F., L.A.); Stress Research Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden (E.I.F., C.L., L.L.M.H., T.T., H.W.); Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Tampere, Finland (S.T.N., K.H.); Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden (L.A.); National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark (J.B.B., I.E.H.M., R.R.); Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark (M.B., M.L.N.); Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (BAuA), Berlin, Germany (H.B.); Institute for Medical Sociology, Medical Faculty, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany (N.D., T.L.); Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Hoofddorp, Netherlands (G.A.G., W.E.H., I.L.H.); Versailles-Saint Quentin University, Versailles, France (M.G., M.Z.); Inserm, Population-based Epidemiologic Cohorts Unit, UMS 011, Villejuif, France (M.G., M.Z.); Inserm U1018, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Villejuif, France (A.S.-M.); Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK (M.H., M. Kumari, M.J.S., A.S., A.B., E.J.B., A.S.-M., G.D.B., M. Kivimäki); Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland (M. Joensuu, A. Koskinen, S.T.-T., M.V., A.V., M. Kivimäki); Institute of Behavioural Sciences (M. Jokela, M. Kivimäki) and Department of Public Health (M. Koskenvuo), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Health Sciences, Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden (A. Knutsson); Department of Psychology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden (M.N.); Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Turku, Finland (T.O., J.P., P.S., J.V.); Danish National
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Steptoe
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Natural Science and Biomedicine, School of Health Sciences, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden (E.I.F.); Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (E.I.F., L.A.); Stress Research Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden (E.I.F., C.L., L.L.M.H., T.T., H.W.); Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Tampere, Finland (S.T.N., K.H.); Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden (L.A.); National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark (J.B.B., I.E.H.M., R.R.); Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark (M.B., M.L.N.); Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (BAuA), Berlin, Germany (H.B.); Institute for Medical Sociology, Medical Faculty, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany (N.D., T.L.); Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Hoofddorp, Netherlands (G.A.G., W.E.H., I.L.H.); Versailles-Saint Quentin University, Versailles, France (M.G., M.Z.); Inserm, Population-based Epidemiologic Cohorts Unit, UMS 011, Villejuif, France (M.G., M.Z.); Inserm U1018, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Villejuif, France (A.S.-M.); Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK (M.H., M. Kumari, M.J.S., A.S., A.B., E.J.B., A.S.-M., G.D.B., M. Kivimäki); Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland (M. Joensuu, A. Koskinen, S.T.-T., M.V., A.V., M. Kivimäki); Institute of Behavioural Sciences (M. Jokela, M. Kivimäki) and Department of Public Health (M. Koskenvuo), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Health Sciences, Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden (A. Knutsson); Department of Psychology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden (M.N.); Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Turku, Finland (T.O., J.P., P.S., J.V.); Danish National
authors.forename: Sakari B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Suominen
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Natural Science and Biomedicine, School of Health Sciences, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden (E.I.F.); Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (E.I.F., L.A.); Stress Research Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden (E.I.F., C.L., L.L.M.H., T.T., H.W.); Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Tampere, Finland (S.T.N., K.H.); Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden (L.A.); National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark (J.B.B., I.E.H.M., R.R.); Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark (M.B., M.L.N.); Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (BAuA), Berlin, Germany (H.B.); Institute for Medical Sociology, Medical Faculty, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany (N.D., T.L.); Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Hoofddorp, Netherlands (G.A.G., W.E.H., I.L.H.); Versailles-Saint Quentin University, Versailles, France (M.G., M.Z.); Inserm, Population-based Epidemiologic Cohorts Unit, UMS 011, Villejuif, France (M.G., M.Z.); Inserm U1018, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Villejuif, France (A.S.-M.); Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK (M.H., M. Kumari, M.J.S., A.S., A.B., E.J.B., A.S.-M., G.D.B., M. Kivimäki); Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland (M. Joensuu, A. Koskinen, S.T.-T., M.V., A.V., M. Kivimäki); Institute of Behavioural Sciences (M. Jokela, M. Kivimäki) and Department of Public Health (M. Koskenvuo), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Health Sciences, Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden (A. Knutsson); Department of Psychology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden (M.N.); Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Turku, Finland (T.O., J.P., P.S., J.V.); Danish National
authors.forename: Töres
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Theorell
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Natural Science and Biomedicine, School of Health Sciences, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden (E.I.F.); Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (E.I.F., L.A.); Stress Research Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden (E.I.F., C.L., L.L.M.H., T.T., H.W.); Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Tampere, Finland (S.T.N., K.H.); Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden (L.A.); National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark (J.B.B., I.E.H.M., R.R.); Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark (M.B., M.L.N.); Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (BAuA), Berlin, Germany (H.B.); Institute for Medical Sociology, Medical Faculty, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany (N.D., T.L.); Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Hoofddorp, Netherlands (G.A.G., W.E.H., I.L.H.); Versailles-Saint Quentin University, Versailles, France (M.G., M.Z.); Inserm, Population-based Epidemiologic Cohorts Unit, UMS 011, Villejuif, France (M.G., M.Z.); Inserm U1018, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Villejuif, France (A.S.-M.); Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK (M.H., M. Kumari, M.J.S., A.S., A.B., E.J.B., A.S.-M., G.D.B., M. Kivimäki); Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland (M. Joensuu, A. Koskinen, S.T.-T., M.V., A.V., M. Kivimäki); Institute of Behavioural Sciences (M. Jokela, M. Kivimäki) and Department of Public Health (M. Koskenvuo), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Health Sciences, Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden (A. Knutsson); Department of Psychology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden (M.N.); Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Turku, Finland (T.O., J.P., P.S., J.V.); Danish National
authors.forename: Salla
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Toppinen-Tanner
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Natural Science and Biomedicine, School of Health Sciences, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden (E.I.F.); Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (E.I.F., L.A.); Stress Research Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden (E.I.F., C.L., L.L.M.H., T.T., H.W.); Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Tampere, Finland (S.T.N., K.H.); Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden (L.A.); National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark (J.B.B., I.E.H.M., R.R.); Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark (M.B., M.L.N.); Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (BAuA), Berlin, Germany (H.B.); Institute for Medical Sociology, Medical Faculty, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany (N.D., T.L.); Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Hoofddorp, Netherlands (G.A.G., W.E.H., I.L.H.); Versailles-Saint Quentin University, Versailles, France (M.G., M.Z.); Inserm, Population-based Epidemiologic Cohorts Unit, UMS 011, Villejuif, France (M.G., M.Z.); Inserm U1018, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Villejuif, France (A.S.-M.); Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK (M.H., M. Kumari, M.J.S., A.S., A.B., E.J.B., A.S.-M., G.D.B., M. Kivimäki); Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland (M. Joensuu, A. Koskinen, S.T.-T., M.V., A.V., M. Kivimäki); Institute of Behavioural Sciences (M. Jokela, M. Kivimäki) and Department of Public Health (M. Koskenvuo), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Health Sciences, Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden (A. Knutsson); Department of Psychology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden (M.N.); Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Turku, Finland (T.O., J.P., P.S., J.V.); Danish National
authors.forename: Jussi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vahtera
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Natural Science and Biomedicine, School of Health Sciences, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden (E.I.F.); Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (E.I.F., L.A.); Stress Research Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden (E.I.F., C.L., L.L.M.H., T.T., H.W.); Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Tampere, Finland (S.T.N., K.H.); Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden (L.A.); National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark (J.B.B., I.E.H.M., R.R.); Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark (M.B., M.L.N.); Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (BAuA), Berlin, Germany (H.B.); Institute for Medical Sociology, Medical Faculty, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany (N.D., T.L.); Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Hoofddorp, Netherlands (G.A.G., W.E.H., I.L.H.); Versailles-Saint Quentin University, Versailles, France (M.G., M.Z.); Inserm, Population-based Epidemiologic Cohorts Unit, UMS 011, Villejuif, France (M.G., M.Z.); Inserm U1018, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Villejuif, France (A.S.-M.); Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK (M.H., M. Kumari, M.J.S., A.S., A.B., E.J.B., A.S.-M., G.D.B., M. Kivimäki); Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland (M. Joensuu, A. Koskinen, S.T.-T., M.V., A.V., M. Kivimäki); Institute of Behavioural Sciences (M. Jokela, M. Kivimäki) and Department of Public Health (M. Koskenvuo), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Health Sciences, Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden (A. Knutsson); Department of Psychology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden (M.N.); Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Turku, Finland (T.O., J.P., P.S., J.V.); Danish National
authors.forename: Marianna
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Virtanen
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Natural Science and Biomedicine, School of Health Sciences, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden (E.I.F.); Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (E.I.F., L.A.); Stress Research Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden (E.I.F., C.L., L.L.M.H., T.T., H.W.); Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Tampere, Finland (S.T.N., K.H.); Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden (L.A.); National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark (J.B.B., I.E.H.M., R.R.); Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark (M.B., M.L.N.); Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (BAuA), Berlin, Germany (H.B.); Institute for Medical Sociology, Medical Faculty, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany (N.D., T.L.); Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Hoofddorp, Netherlands (G.A.G., W.E.H., I.L.H.); Versailles-Saint Quentin University, Versailles, France (M.G., M.Z.); Inserm, Population-based Epidemiologic Cohorts Unit, UMS 011, Villejuif, France (M.G., M.Z.); Inserm U1018, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Villejuif, France (A.S.-M.); Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK (M.H., M. Kumari, M.J.S., A.S., A.B., E.J.B., A.S.-M., G.D.B., M. Kivimäki); Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland (M. Joensuu, A. Koskinen, S.T.-T., M.V., A.V., M. Kivimäki); Institute of Behavioural Sciences (M. Jokela, M. Kivimäki) and Department of Public Health (M. Koskenvuo), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Health Sciences, Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden (A. Knutsson); Department of Psychology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden (M.N.); Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Turku, Finland (T.O., J.P., P.S., J.V.); Danish National
authors.forename: Ari
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Väänänen
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Natural Science and Biomedicine, School of Health Sciences, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden (E.I.F.); Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (E.I.F., L.A.); Stress Research Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden (E.I.F., C.L., L.L.M.H., T.T., H.W.); Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Tampere, Finland (S.T.N., K.H.); Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden (L.A.); National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark (J.B.B., I.E.H.M., R.R.); Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark (M.B., M.L.N.); Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (BAuA), Berlin, Germany (H.B.); Institute for Medical Sociology, Medical Faculty, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany (N.D., T.L.); Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Hoofddorp, Netherlands (G.A.G., W.E.H., I.L.H.); Versailles-Saint Quentin University, Versailles, France (M.G., M.Z.); Inserm, Population-based Epidemiologic Cohorts Unit, UMS 011, Villejuif, France (M.G., M.Z.); Inserm U1018, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Villejuif, France (A.S.-M.); Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK (M.H., M. Kumari, M.J.S., A.S., A.B., E.J.B., A.S.-M., G.D.B., M. Kivimäki); Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland (M. Joensuu, A. Koskinen, S.T.-T., M.V., A.V., M. Kivimäki); Institute of Behavioural Sciences (M. Jokela, M. Kivimäki) and Department of Public Health (M. Koskenvuo), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Health Sciences, Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden (A. Knutsson); Department of Psychology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden (M.N.); Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Turku, Finland (T.O., J.P., P.S., J.V.); Danish National
authors.forename: Peter J M
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Westerholm
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Natural Science and Biomedicine, School of Health Sciences, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden (E.I.F.); Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (E.I.F., L.A.); Stress Research Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden (E.I.F., C.L., L.L.M.H., T.T., H.W.); Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Tampere, Finland (S.T.N., K.H.); Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden (L.A.); National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark (J.B.B., I.E.H.M., R.R.); Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark (M.B., M.L.N.); Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (BAuA), Berlin, Germany (H.B.); Institute for Medical Sociology, Medical Faculty, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany (N.D., T.L.); Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Hoofddorp, Netherlands (G.A.G., W.E.H., I.L.H.); Versailles-Saint Quentin University, Versailles, France (M.G., M.Z.); Inserm, Population-based Epidemiologic Cohorts Unit, UMS 011, Villejuif, France (M.G., M.Z.); Inserm U1018, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Villejuif, France (A.S.-M.); Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK (M.H., M. Kumari, M.J.S., A.S., A.B., E.J.B., A.S.-M., G.D.B., M. Kivimäki); Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland (M. Joensuu, A. Koskinen, S.T.-T., M.V., A.V., M. Kivimäki); Institute of Behavioural Sciences (M. Jokela, M. Kivimäki) and Department of Public Health (M. Koskenvuo), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Health Sciences, Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden (A. Knutsson); Department of Psychology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden (M.N.); Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Turku, Finland (T.O., J.P., P.S., J.V.); Danish National
authors.forename: Hugo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Westerlund
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Natural Science and Biomedicine, School of Health Sciences, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden (E.I.F.); Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (E.I.F., L.A.); Stress Research Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden (E.I.F., C.L., L.L.M.H., T.T., H.W.); Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Tampere, Finland (S.T.N., K.H.); Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden (L.A.); National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark (J.B.B., I.E.H.M., R.R.); Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark (M.B., M.L.N.); Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (BAuA), Berlin, Germany (H.B.); Institute for Medical Sociology, Medical Faculty, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany (N.D., T.L.); Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Hoofddorp, Netherlands (G.A.G., W.E.H., I.L.H.); Versailles-Saint Quentin University, Versailles, France (M.G., M.Z.); Inserm, Population-based Epidemiologic Cohorts Unit, UMS 011, Villejuif, France (M.G., M.Z.); Inserm U1018, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Villejuif, France (A.S.-M.); Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK (M.H., M. Kumari, M.J.S., A.S., A.B., E.J.B., A.S.-M., G.D.B., M. Kivimäki); Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland (M. Joensuu, A. Koskinen, S.T.-T., M.V., A.V., M. Kivimäki); Institute of Behavioural Sciences (M. Jokela, M. Kivimäki) and Department of Public Health (M. Koskenvuo), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Health Sciences, Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden (A. Knutsson); Department of Psychology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden (M.N.); Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Turku, Finland (T.O., J.P., P.S., J.V.); Danish National
authors.forename: Marie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zins
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Natural Science and Biomedicine, School of Health Sciences, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden (E.I.F.); Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (E.I.F., L.A.); Stress Research Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden (E.I.F., C.L., L.L.M.H., T.T., H.W.); Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Tampere, Finland (S.T.N., K.H.); Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden (L.A.); National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark (J.B.B., I.E.H.M., R.R.); Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark (M.B., M.L.N.); Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (BAuA), Berlin, Germany (H.B.); Institute for Medical Sociology, Medical Faculty, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany (N.D., T.L.); Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Hoofddorp, Netherlands (G.A.G., W.E.H., I.L.H.); Versailles-Saint Quentin University, Versailles, France (M.G., M.Z.); Inserm, Population-based Epidemiologic Cohorts Unit, UMS 011, Villejuif, France (M.G., M.Z.); Inserm U1018, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Villejuif, France (A.S.-M.); Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK (M.H., M. Kumari, M.J.S., A.S., A.B., E.J.B., A.S.-M., G.D.B., M. Kivimäki); Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland (M. Joensuu, A. Koskinen, S.T.-T., M.V., A.V., M. Kivimäki); Institute of Behavioural Sciences (M. Jokela, M. Kivimäki) and Department of Public Health (M. Koskenvuo), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Health Sciences, Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden (A. Knutsson); Department of Psychology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden (M.N.); Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Turku, Finland (T.O., J.P., P.S., J.V.); Danish National
authors.forename: Annie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Britton
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Natural Science and Biomedicine, School of Health Sciences, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden (E.I.F.); Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (E.I.F., L.A.); Stress Research Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden (E.I.F., C.L., L.L.M.H., T.T., H.W.); Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Tampere, Finland (S.T.N., K.H.); Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden (L.A.); National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark (J.B.B., I.E.H.M., R.R.); Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark (M.B., M.L.N.); Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (BAuA), Berlin, Germany (H.B.); Institute for Medical Sociology, Medical Faculty, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany (N.D., T.L.); Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Hoofddorp, Netherlands (G.A.G., W.E.H., I.L.H.); Versailles-Saint Quentin University, Versailles, France (M.G., M.Z.); Inserm, Population-based Epidemiologic Cohorts Unit, UMS 011, Villejuif, France (M.G., M.Z.); Inserm U1018, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Villejuif, France (A.S.-M.); Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK (M.H., M. Kumari, M.J.S., A.S., A.B., E.J.B., A.S.-M., G.D.B., M. Kivimäki); Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland (M. Joensuu, A. Koskinen, S.T.-T., M.V., A.V., M. Kivimäki); Institute of Behavioural Sciences (M. Jokela, M. Kivimäki) and Department of Public Health (M. Koskenvuo), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Health Sciences, Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden (A. Knutsson); Department of Psychology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden (M.N.); Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Turku, Finland (T.O., J.P., P.S., J.V.); Danish National
authors.forename: Eric J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Brunner
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Natural Science and Biomedicine, School of Health Sciences, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden (E.I.F.); Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (E.I.F., L.A.); Stress Research Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden (E.I.F., C.L., L.L.M.H., T.T., H.W.); Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Tampere, Finland (S.T.N., K.H.); Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden (L.A.); National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark (J.B.B., I.E.H.M., R.R.); Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark (M.B., M.L.N.); Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (BAuA), Berlin, Germany (H.B.); Institute for Medical Sociology, Medical Faculty, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany (N.D., T.L.); Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Hoofddorp, Netherlands (G.A.G., W.E.H., I.L.H.); Versailles-Saint Quentin University, Versailles, France (M.G., M.Z.); Inserm, Population-based Epidemiologic Cohorts Unit, UMS 011, Villejuif, France (M.G., M.Z.); Inserm U1018, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Villejuif, France (A.S.-M.); Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK (M.H., M. Kumari, M.J.S., A.S., A.B., E.J.B., A.S.-M., G.D.B., M. Kivimäki); Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland (M. Joensuu, A. Koskinen, S.T.-T., M.V., A.V., M. Kivimäki); Institute of Behavioural Sciences (M. Jokela, M. Kivimäki) and Department of Public Health (M. Koskenvuo), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Health Sciences, Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden (A. Knutsson); Department of Psychology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden (M.N.); Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Turku, Finland (T.O., J.P., P.S., J.V.); Danish National
authors.forename: Archana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Singh-Manoux
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Natural Science and Biomedicine, School of Health Sciences, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden (E.I.F.); Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (E.I.F., L.A.); Stress Research Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden (E.I.F., C.L., L.L.M.H., T.T., H.W.); Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Tampere, Finland (S.T.N., K.H.); Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden (L.A.); National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark (J.B.B., I.E.H.M., R.R.); Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark (M.B., M.L.N.); Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (BAuA), Berlin, Germany (H.B.); Institute for Medical Sociology, Medical Faculty, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany (N.D., T.L.); Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Hoofddorp, Netherlands (G.A.G., W.E.H., I.L.H.); Versailles-Saint Quentin University, Versailles, France (M.G., M.Z.); Inserm, Population-based Epidemiologic Cohorts Unit, UMS 011, Villejuif, France (M.G., M.Z.); Inserm U1018, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Villejuif, France (A.S.-M.); Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK (M.H., M. Kumari, M.J.S., A.S., A.B., E.J.B., A.S.-M., G.D.B., M. Kivimäki); Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland (M. Joensuu, A. Koskinen, S.T.-T., M.V., A.V., M. Kivimäki); Institute of Behavioural Sciences (M. Jokela, M. Kivimäki) and Department of Public Health (M. Koskenvuo), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Health Sciences, Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden (A. Knutsson); Department of Psychology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden (M.N.); Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Turku, Finland (T.O., J.P., P.S., J.V.); Danish National
authors.forename: G David
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Batty
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Natural Science and Biomedicine, School of Health Sciences, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden (E.I.F.); Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (E.I.F., L.A.); Stress Research Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden (E.I.F., C.L., L.L.M.H., T.T., H.W.); Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Tampere, Finland (S.T.N., K.H.); Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden (L.A.); National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark (J.B.B., I.E.H.M., R.R.); Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark (M.B., M.L.N.); Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (BAuA), Berlin, Germany (H.B.); Institute for Medical Sociology, Medical Faculty, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany (N.D., T.L.); Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Hoofddorp, Netherlands (G.A.G., W.E.H., I.L.H.); Versailles-Saint Quentin University, Versailles, France (M.G., M.Z.); Inserm, Population-based Epidemiologic Cohorts Unit, UMS 011, Villejuif, France (M.G., M.Z.); Inserm U1018, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Villejuif, France (A.S.-M.); Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK (M.H., M. Kumari, M.J.S., A.S., A.B., E.J.B., A.S.-M., G.D.B., M. Kivimäki); Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland (M. Joensuu, A. Koskinen, S.T.-T., M.V., A.V., M. Kivimäki); Institute of Behavioural Sciences (M. Jokela, M. Kivimäki) and Department of Public Health (M. Koskenvuo), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Health Sciences, Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden (A. Knutsson); Department of Psychology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden (M.N.); Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Turku, Finland (T.O., J.P., P.S., J.V.); Danish National
authors.forename: Mika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kivimäki
mesh_terms: D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007206:Individuality; D007588:Job Satisfaction; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D020521:Stroke / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D016526:Workload / Q000523:psychology*
keywords: psychological; stress; stroke; work