title: Safety and efficacy of microscope-assisted insertion of screws into fused C1-occipital condyle complex for occipital cervical fixation in atlantal cervical nonsegmentation patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore the safety and efficacy of the insertion of screws into fused C1-occipital condyle(CC)complex without image guidance in atlantal-cervical nonsegmentation patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  The occipital condyle junction was fixed posteriorly in 10 basilar invagination patients with atlantal-cervical nonsegmentation using polyaxial titanium screws(3.5 mm)inserted unicortically into the CC complex and C2 pedicles,followed by fixation to a 3 mm rod. Drilling was guided by anatomic landmarks. The entry point was at the center of posterior surface of the CC complex. The angle of medicalization was 10-15 degrees. In the sagittal plane,the angle for maximal superior screw angulation was also 10-15 degrees. The screw length to obtain unicortical purchase was 16 to 22 mm. CT scans were obtained before and after the surgery. The length,width,and height of CC complex were measured on computed tomography(CT)preoperatively. The position of screws and the condition of fixation were analyzed on postoperative CT scan. Postoperative complications were recorded. The mean follow-up was(30.2±4.38)months(range: 24-36 months).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The width,length,height of left side CC complex were(7.96±2.23)mm,(16.06±2.73)mm,and(13.76±2.06)mm,and the width,length,height of right side CC complex were(7.84±1.38)mm,(16.66±2.58)mm,and(12.81±2.62)mm. No fracture was identified. There was no screw malposition or neurovascular complication related to screw insertion. No screw loosening or construct failure was observed during the follow-up.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In patients with atlantal cervical nonsegmentation,the CC complex screws can be safely inserted assisted by microscope without image guidance. Occipital condyle junction fixation using polyaxial CC complex screws is feasible and can be a good alternative where other fixation techniques are not satisfactory.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery,Chinese PLA General Hospital,Beijing 100853,China.
authors.forename: Huai-Yu
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Tong
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery,Chinese PLA General Hospital,Beijing 100853,China.
authors.forename: Yuan-Zheng
authors.initials: YZ
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery,Chinese PLA General Hospital,Beijing 100853,China.
authors.forename: Xin-Guang
authors.initials: XG
authors.lastname: Yu
mesh_terms: D001863:Bone Screws; D002574:Cervical Vertebrae / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D008853:Microscopy; D009333:Neck; D013122:Spinal Diseases / Q000601:surgery*; D013123:Spinal Fusion / Q000379:methods*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed