title: Association of Uric Acid With Vascular Stiffness in the Framingham Heart Study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Uric acid is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease and arterial stiffness in patients with hypertension or stroke. It remains unknown if uric acid is associated with arterial stiffness in the general population.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analyzed the association between serum uric acid levels and measures of arterial stiffness such as carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (CF PWV), carotid-radial pulse wave velocity (CR PWV) and augmentation index (AI) in 4,140 participants from the Generation 3 Framingham cohort using linear regression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean (SD) age was 40.0 (8.8) years and mean (SD) serum uric acid levels were 5.3 (1.5) mg/dl. Mean (SD) CF PWV was 7.0 (1.4) m/s. Individuals in the highest quartile of uric acid were more likely to be male, have a higher prevalence of hypertension, higher BMI, fasting glucose and insulin, and lower estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Multivariate adjusted means of CF PWV were 6.90, 6.94, 7.06, and 7.15 m/s for uric acid quartile 1, 2, 3, and 4 respectively. In unadjusted analysis each 1mg/dl increase in uric acid was associated with higher CF-PWV (β = 0.27; 95% CI = 0.25, 0.29; P < 0.0001). This was attenuated but remained significant after adjusting for age, sex, smoking, hypertension, BMI, fasting glucose, insulin, animal protein intake, and eGFR (β= 0.06; 95% CI = 0.02, 0.09; P < 0.0007). There was no association between serum uric acid levels and AI upon adjustment for cardiovascular risk factors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Serum uric acid levels are significantly associated with CF PWV and CR PWV in a younger Caucasian population.
authors.affiliation: Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora, CO, USA; Tapan.mehta@ucdenver.edu.
authors.forename: Tapan
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mehta
authors.affiliation: Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora, CO, USA;
authors.forename: Eugene
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Nuccio
authors.affiliation: Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora, CO, USA;
authors.forename: Kim
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: McFann
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiologia Ignacio Chavez, Mexico, Mexico;
authors.forename: Magdalena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Madero
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Mark J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Sarnak
authors.affiliation: Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora, CO, USA;
authors.forename: Diana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Jalal
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000208:ethnology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D015897:Comorbidity; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D033461:Hyperuricemia / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000208:ethnology; D016018:Least-Squares Analysis; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008404:Massachusetts / Q000453:epidemiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D015995:Prevalence; D063177:Pulse Wave Analysis; D012307:Risk Factors; D014527:Uric Acid / Q000097:blood*; D059289:Vascular Stiffness; D044465:White People
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D014527:Uric Acid
keywords: blood pressure; hypertension; uric acid; vascular stiffness.