title: Morphologic changes of cerebral veins in hypertensive rats: venous collagenosis is associated with hypertension.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aims of this study were to determine whether arterial hypertension could affect the venous system of brain and to find out the consequent pathologic changes of cerebral veins.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 2 groups: a sham-clipped group and a stroke-prone renovascular hypertensive rat group. A 2-kidney 2-clip rat model was used to induce renovascular hypertension in the hypertensive group. Systolic blood pressure was measured by tail cuff once each week. Susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) was performed at 12, 16, and 20 weeks after surgery. All the rats were sacrificed after the SWI examination at 20 weeks after surgery. The brains were extracted and embedded in paraffin for histologic examination. Masson trichrome staining was performed to identify venous collagenosis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The sham group demonstrated less prominence of cerebral veins compared with hypertensive groups (P < .01); the hypertensive group showed significant venous collagenosis in cerebral venous walls compared with the sham group (P < .01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The increased visibility of cerebral veins on SWI as a sign of venous hypertension and the thickened cerebral venous walls (venous collagenosis), which may play a role in cerebral ischemia and/or infarction, are both consequences of long-term hypertension in hypertensive rats.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, National Key Clinical Department, National Key Discipline, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Lijuan
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mao
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, National Key Clinical Department, National Key Discipline, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, National Key Clinical Department, National Key Discipline, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Qian
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Zhiyun
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Shurong
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, National Key Clinical Department, National Key Discipline, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China. Electronic address: april1987@live.cn.
authors.forename: Ling
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D062186:Arterial Pressure; D001706:Biopsy; D002550:Cerebral Veins / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D002561:Cerebrovascular Disorders / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D003094:Collagen / Q000378:metabolism*; D003095:Collagen Diseases / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006978:Hypertension, Renovascular / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D066253:Vascular Remodeling
chemical_list: D003094:Collagen
keywords: Susceptibility-weighted imaging; cerebral venous change; hypertension; stroke-prone renovascular hypertensive rat; venous collagenosis