title: The immature stages of Polypedilum (Pentapedilum) nodosum (Johannsen) and Polypedilum (Tripodura) masudai (Tokunaga) (Diptera, Chironomidae, Chironominae).
abstract: Based on associated material collected from Macau and Guangxi, the pupae and larvae of Polypedilum (Pentapedilum) nodosum Johannsen and P. (Tripodura) masudai Tokunaga are described completely for the first time. Both species are newly recorded from China. Characters for distinguishing the immature stage of these species from other allied Polypedilum species are noted. The previously recorded Polypedilum (Pentapedilum) 'K1' of Cranston  (1996) is shown to be P. nodosum. Information is provided on distribution and ecological tolerances.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ecology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China; Email: townningt@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Hong-Qu
authors.initials: HQ
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: Evolution, Ecology & Genetics, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia; Email: unknown.
authors.forename: Peter S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Cranston
authors.affiliation: Department of Ecology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China; Email: unknown.
authors.forename: Jian-Gang
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Macau Meteorological and Geophysical Bureau (SMG), Taipa, Macau; Email: unknown.
authors.forename: Chan-Wa
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Lok
authors.affiliation: Department of Gardens and Green Areas, Civic and Municipal Affairs Bureau of Macau Special Administrative Region (IACM), Coloane, Macau; Email: unknown.
authors.forename: Kai-Chin
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.affiliation: Guangdong Entomological Institute, Guangzhou, 510260, China; Email: lizq@gdei.gd.cn.
authors.forename: Zhi-Qiang
authors.initials: ZQ
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D063147:Animal Distribution; D000825:Animal Structures / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000254:growth & development; D000818:Animals; D049628:Body Size; D002681:China; D002683:Chironomidae / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000145:classification* / Q000254:growth & development; D017753:Ecosystem; D005260:Female; D007814:Larva / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000145:classification* / Q000254:growth & development*; D008297:Male; D009929:Organ Size; D011679:Pupa / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000145:classification / Q000254:growth & development*