title: Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation therapy: An adjuvant pain controlling modality in TMD patients - A clinical study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The use of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) in dentistry was first described in 1967, by Shane and Kessler, but it has yet to gain widespread acceptance in dentistry. A study was undertaken to evaluate the effectiveness of TENS therapy as an adjuvant modality and to compare it with the conventional medication in controlling pain in temporomandibular disorder (TMD) patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was carried out in the Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Yenepoya Dental College and Hospital, Mangalore. A total of 40 patients with the clinical symptom of pain associated with TMDs were randomly divided into two groups. Group A (control) patients were treated with medication (analgesics and muscle relaxants) alone, while group B patients were treated with TENS therapy in combination with medication. The intensity of the pain was assessed using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS). The results were analyzed with the student's 't' test. A P-value < 0.05 was considered as significant.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A significant improvement was observed in both the TENS and the control group in terms of pain control. On comparative analysis, adjuvant TENS therapy was found to be more effective than medication alone, in controlling pain. (P value = 0.019).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The observed data suggest that TENS therapy can be used as an adjuvant modality in the management of pain associated with TMDs. This study justifies the use of TENS therapy in the management of TMD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Mahe Institute of Dental Sciences, Mahe, Pondicherry, India.
authors.forename: Muhammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shanavas
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Yenepoya Dental College, Yenepoya University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Laxmikanth
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chatra
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Yenepoya Dental College, Yenepoya University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Prashanth
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Shenai
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Yenepoya Dental College, Yenepoya University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Prasanna Kumar
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Rao
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Yenepoya Dental College, Yenepoya University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Veena
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Jagathish
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, KMCTE Dental College, Calicut, Kerala, India.
authors.forename: Sreeja Prasanna
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, PSM Dental College, Trichur, Kerala, India.
authors.forename: Bilahari
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Naduvakkattu
keywords: Temporomandibular disorder; temporomandibular joint; transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation