title: Percutaneous autologous bone marrow injection for treatment of delayed and non-union of long bone: a retrospective study of 45 cases.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Non-union of long bones is still a current problem in traumatology. Although corticocancellous bone autograft remains the usual procedure for the treatment of non-union, innovative therapies such as, percutaneous autologous concentrated bone marrow grafting (PABMG), are now appearing.
  
  
  METHODS
  Over a period of 8 years, 45 non-union of long bones were treated by PABMG in the Department of Orthopaedic and Traumatologic Surgery (University Hospital of Nancy, France): 26 tibiae, 16 femurs, 3 humeri. Efficiency was evaluated by clinical criteria: full weight-bearing without pain, absence of motion at non-union site, and radiological criteria: healing of 3 corticales out of 4.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eighteen out of 28 non-unions at the tibia were healed (69%), 10 at the femur (63%), but none was noticed at the humerus. Some pejorative prognosis factors were noted such as: tobacco, alcohol abuse, diabetes and history of infection at the fracture site. An earlier grafting improved the success rate. The number of CFU-F (Colony Forming Unit Fibroblastic) affected the healing time more than the healing rate.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The procedure, even though a little invasive, enables the healing of non-union in two out of three cases with less morbidity than conventional procedures. This procedure fits perfectly into the therapeutic arsenal of non-union.
authors.affiliation: Service de Chirurgie Orthopédique et Traumatologique, Hôpital Central, Nancy, France Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France.
authors.forename: Jean-Baptiste
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Gross
authors.affiliation: Service de Chirurgie Orthopédique et Traumatologique, Hôpital Central, Nancy, France Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France.
authors.forename: Jérôme
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Diligent
authors.affiliation: CNRS, UMR 7365, Biopole, Faculté de Médecine, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France CHU de Nancy, Unité de Thérapie Cellulaire et Tissulaire (UTCT) (FR CNRS-INSERM-UHP-CHU 3209), Hôpitaux de Brabois, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France.
authors.forename: Danièle
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bensoussan
authors.affiliation: Service de Chirurgie Orthopédique et Traumatologique, Hôpital Central, Nancy, France Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France.
authors.forename: Laurent
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Galois
authors.affiliation: CNRS, UMR 7365, Biopole, Faculté de Médecine, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France CHU de Nancy, Unité de Thérapie Cellulaire et Tissulaire (UTCT) (FR CNRS-INSERM-UHP-CHU 3209), Hôpitaux de Brabois, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France.
authors.forename: Jean-François
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Stoltz
authors.affiliation: Service de Chirurgie Orthopédique et Traumatologique, Hôpital Central, Nancy, France CNRS, UMR 7365, Biopole, Faculté de Médecine, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France.
authors.forename: Didier
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mainard
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016026:Bone Marrow Transplantation / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D017759:Fractures, Malunited / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007267:Injections; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011859:Radiography; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Non-union; bone healing; bone marrow; bone marrow grafting; cell therapy; mesenchymal stem cells