title: Patient-reported outcomes after incobotulinumtoxinA treatment for upper facial wrinkles.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Botulinum toxins are used for facial rejuvenation.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the efficacy, patient satisfaction, and skin physiology after incobotulinumtoxinA treatment of the upper face.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty women aged 35 to 55 were enrolled in this single-center prospective 16-week study. Patients and an investigator blinded to visit number assessed wrinkle severity after incobotulinumtoxinA treatment of glabellar, periorbital, and forehead lines using Validated Assessment Scales at Days 0 (baseline), 2, 7, 14, 28, and 112. Responder rates (for each region) and mean wrinkle scores (whole upper face) were calculated. Treatment satisfaction was self-assessed by questionnaire. Transepidermal water loss (TEWL), stratum corneum hydration, and skin pH were measured to assess skin barrier function.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Wrinkle severity decreased rapidly after treatment. Responder rates generally peaked at Days 7 to 14. At 112 days, mean scores remained significantly lower than baseline (p < .05). Patients were significantly more satisfied with their appearance after treatment; most felt "younger" and "more attractive" (p < .05). Transepidermal water loss decreased significantly throughout (p < .05), and stratum corneum hydration increased. No treatment-related adverse events occurred.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  IncobotulinumtoxinA rapidly improved wrinkle severity, and improvements were maintained for up to 112 days. Increased stratum corneum hydration and reduced TEWL may improve skin quality. IncobotulinumtoxinA was well tolerated and improved patients' self-perception.
authors.affiliation: *Division of Cosmetic Science, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; †Rosenpark Research, Darmstadt, Germany; ‡Scientific Communication and Information, Oxford, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Meike
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Streker
authors.forename: Stefanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Luebberding
authors.forename: Nils
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Krueger
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Harrington
authors.forename: Martina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kerscher
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005145:Face; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration / Q000187:drug effects; D008875:Middle Aged; D009465:Neuromuscular Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D011446:Prospective Studies; D015595:Skin Aging / Q000187:drug effects*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014870:Water Loss, Insensible / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D009465:Neuromuscular Agents; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A; C545476:incobotulinumtoxinA