title: Fast agitated directly suspended droplet microextraction technique for the rapid analysis of eighteen organophosphorus pesticides in human blood.
abstract: A new sample preparation technique named as fast agitated directly suspended droplet microextraction (FA-DSDME) was proposed as an improved version of directly suspended droplet microextraction (DSDME) for the extraction and pre-concentration of wide-range organophosphorus pesticides (OPPs) from human blood prior to liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometric (LC-MS/MS) analysis. In this method, instead of protecting the unwanted rupturing of extraction droplet (organic solvent), it was deliberately splintered into fine droplets by providing automated high-speed agitation to the biphasic extraction system (extraction solvent and sample solution). Fine organic droplets were then recollected into one, not by using a centrifuge machine but just by giving a very slow stirring to the bottom of the extraction system. The present method has surmounted the problem of prolonged extraction time associated with old DSDME. Under optimum extraction conditions, the method showed good sensitivity with low detection limits ranging from 0.0009 to 0.122μgL(-1). Mean recoveries were achieved in the range of 86-109% at three levels of spiking concentration (low, middle and high) from linearity range of individual analyte. Intra-day and inter-day precisions were ≤4.68 and ≤9.57 (%RSD) respectively. Enrichment factor (EF) for each analyte varied from 30 to 132 which prove the ability of this technique to pre-concentrate the extracted analytes up to a good extent. The sample matrices have shown an insignificant influence on method's sensitivity. The proposed method may find immense use in epidemiological, toxicological, regulatory and forensic laboratories.
authors.affiliation: Analytical Chemistry Section, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, P.O. Box 80, Lucknow 226001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research Campus, P.O. Box 80, Lucknow 226001, India.
authors.forename: Rupender
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kumari
authors.affiliation: Analytical Chemistry Section, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, P.O. Box 80, Lucknow 226001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research Campus, P.O. Box 80, Lucknow 226001, India. Electronic address: dkpatel@iitr.res.in.
authors.forename: Devendra K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.affiliation: Analytical Chemistry Section, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, P.O. Box 80, Lucknow 226001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research Campus, P.O. Box 80, Lucknow 226001, India.
authors.forename: Smita
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Panchal
authors.affiliation: Analytical Chemistry Section, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, P.O. Box 80, Lucknow 226001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research Campus, P.O. Box 80, Lucknow 226001, India.
authors.forename: Rakesh R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Jha
authors.affiliation: Analytical Chemistry Section, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, P.O. Box 80, Lucknow 226001, India.
authors.forename: G N V
authors.initials: GN
authors.lastname: Satyanarayana
authors.affiliation: Analytical Chemistry Section, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, P.O. Box 80, Lucknow 226001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research Campus, P.O. Box 80, Lucknow 226001, India.
authors.forename: Ankita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Asati
authors.affiliation: Analytical Chemistry Section, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, P.O. Box 80, Lucknow 226001, India.
authors.forename: Nasreen G
authors.initials: NG
authors.lastname: Ansari
authors.affiliation: Epidemiology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, P.O. Box 80, Lucknow 226001, India.
authors.forename: Manoj K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Pathak
authors.affiliation: Epidemiology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, P.O. Box 80, Lucknow 226001, India.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kesavachandran
authors.affiliation: Analytical Chemistry Section, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, P.O. Box 80, Lucknow 226001, India.
authors.forename: Ramesh C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Murthy
mesh_terms: D001774:Blood Chemical Analysis / Q000379:methods*; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid; D006801:Humans; D057230:Limit of Detection; D009930:Organic Chemicals / Q000032:analysis; D009943:Organophosphorus Compounds / Q000097:blood*; D010575:Pesticides / Q000097:blood*; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry
chemical_list: D009930:Organic Chemicals; D009943:Organophosphorus Compounds; D010575:Pesticides; D012997:Solvents
keywords: Eco-friendly sample preparation technique; Liquid chromatography mass spectrometry; Pesticides; Trace analysis and human blood