title: Frequency-dependent alterations in the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations in social anxiety disorder.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Recent studies on resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) have found an abnormal temporal correlation between low-frequency oscillations (LFO) in social anxiety disorder (SAD). However, alterations in the amplitudes of these LFO remain unclear.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study included 20 SAD patients and 20 age-, gender-, and education-matched healthy controls. Resting-state fMRI data were acquired using a gradient-echo echo-planar imaging sequence, and the amplitudes of LFO were investigated using the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) approach. Two frequency bands (slow-5: 0.01-0.027Hz; slow-4: 0.027-0.073Hz) were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significant differences in ALFF were observed between the two bands in widespread regions including the postcentral gyrus, precentral gyrus, medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC), orbitofrontal cortex, hippocampus, thalamus, caudate, putamen, and insula. Compared with the healthy controls, the SAD patients showed lower ALFF in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), MPFC, superior temporal gyrus, and insula but higher ALFF in the middle occipital gyrus. Furthermore, we found that the SAD patients had reduced ALFF in the MPFC in the slow-5 band.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The small sample size may decrease the statistical power of the results.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SAD patients had frequency-dependent alteration in intrinsic brain activity. This finding may provide insights into the understanding of the pathophysiology of SAD.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611054, Sichuan, PR China.
authors.forename: Youxue
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, West China School of Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China.
authors.forename: Chunyan
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611054, Sichuan, PR China.
authors.forename: Heng
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611054, Sichuan, PR China.
authors.forename: Xujun
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Duan
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611054, Sichuan, PR China.
authors.forename: Fengmei
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611054, Sichuan, PR China.
authors.forename: Meiling
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611054, Sichuan, PR China.
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611054, Sichuan, PR China.
authors.forename: Xujing
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611054, Sichuan, PR China.
authors.forename: Yifeng
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611054, Sichuan, PR China.
authors.forename: Ling
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zeng
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, West China School of Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China. Electronic address: weizhang27@163.com.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611054, Sichuan, PR China. Electronic address: chenhf@uestc.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Huafu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001921:Brain / Q000503:physiopathology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000503:physiopathology*; D017352:Echo-Planar Imaging; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009778:Occipital Lobe / Q000503:physiopathology; D010698:Phobic Disorders / Q000503:physiopathology*; D017397:Prefrontal Cortex / Q000503:physiopathology; D013702:Temporal Lobe / Q000503:physiopathology
keywords: Frequency-dependent; Low-frequency fluctuation; Medial prefrontal cortex; Social anxiety disorder