title: High fat feeding is associated with stimulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and reduced anxiety in the rat.
abstract: Previous studies have shown that diet-induced obesity is associated with insulin resistance and impaired feedback control of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that hyper-secretion of glucocorticoid, evoked by feeding rats a high fat (HF) diet for 12 weeks, also influences behavioural and neural responses to the elevated plus-maze (EPM) test of anxiety. HF-fed animals exhibited anxiolytic-like behaviour in the EPM but were also hyperactive in this test. Covariant analysis established that the anxiolytic-like behaviour was not secondary to the increase in activity. The HF diet significantly increased basal levels of plasma corticosterone. The groups exposed to the EPM also displayed increased plasma corticosterone levels compared to the relevant control group, although the increment was smaller in the HF-fed animals. Glucocorticoid receptor (GR) immunoreactivity in the cytoplasmic fraction of parietal cortex and hypothalamus and the particulate fraction of the parietal cortex were increased by HF feeding. The behavioural changes evoked by HF feeding did not correlate significantly with changes in GR immunoreactivity in each treatment group or 5-HT turnover in the brain areas studied. It is concluded that anxiolytic properties evoked in the EPM by high fat feeding are unlikely to be related to the changes in HPA function seen in animals fed this diet.
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular and Diabetes Medicine, Medical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee DD1 9SY, United Kingdom. Electronic address: a.d.mcneilly@dundee.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Alison D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: McNeilly
authors.affiliation: Division of Neuroscience, Medical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee DD1 9SY, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Caroline A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Stewart
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular and Diabetes Medicine, Medical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee DD1 9SY, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Calum
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sutherland
authors.affiliation: Division of Neuroscience, Medical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee DD1 9SY, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: David J K
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Balfour
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001007:Anxiety / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000378:metabolism*; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000502:physiology*; D003345:Corticosterone / Q000378:metabolism; D059305:Diet, High-Fat; D007030:Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D010913:Pituitary-Adrenal System / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D011965:Receptors, Glucocorticoid / Q000378:metabolism; D018161:Receptors, Mineralocorticoid / Q000378:metabolism; D012701:Serotonin / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D011965:Receptors, Glucocorticoid; D018161:Receptors, Mineralocorticoid; D012701:Serotonin; D003345:Corticosterone
keywords: 5-Hydroxytryptamine; Corticosterone; Elevated plus maze; Glucocorticoid receptor; Mineralocorticoid receptor