title: Prediction of common epitopes on hemagglutinin of the influenza A virus (H1 subtype).
abstract: Influenza A virus infection is a persistent threat to public health worldwide due to hemagglutinin (HA) variation. Current vaccines against influenza A virus provide immunity to viral isolates similar to vaccine strains. Antibodies against common epitopes provide immunity to diverse influenza virus strains and protect against future pandemic influenza. Therefore, it is vital to analyze common HA antigenic epitopes of influenza virus. In this study, 14 strains of monoclonal antibodies with high sensitivity to common epitopes of influenza virus antigens identified in our previous study were selected as the tool to predict common HA epitopes. The common HA antigenic epitopes were divided into four categories by ELISA blocking experiments, and separately, into three categories according to the preliminary results of computer simulation. Comparison between the results of computer simulations and ELISA blocking experiments indicated that at least two classes of common epitopes are present in influenza virus HA. This study provides experimental data for improving the prediction of HA epitopes of influenza virus (H1 subtype) and the development of a potential universal vaccine as well as a novel approach for the prediction of epitopes on other pathogenic microorganisms.
authors.affiliation: Central Laboratory, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Third Affiliated Hospital of the School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710068, China; Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity Disease of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, 710068, China.
authors.forename: Chunyan
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China; Department of Translational Medicine, Institute of Integrated Medical Information, Xi'an 710016, China.
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.affiliation: Central Laboratory, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Third Affiliated Hospital of the School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710068, China; Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity Disease of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, 710068, China.
authors.forename: Huijin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Central Laboratory, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Third Affiliated Hospital of the School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710068, China; Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity Disease of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, 710068, China.
authors.forename: Penghua
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Central Laboratory, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Third Affiliated Hospital of the School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710068, China; Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity Disease of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, 710068, China.
authors.forename: Xiangrong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Central Laboratory, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Third Affiliated Hospital of the School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710068, China; Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity Disease of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, 710068, China.
authors.forename: Jingying
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Central Laboratory, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Third Affiliated Hospital of the School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710068, China; Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity Disease of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, 710068, China.
authors.forename: Haifang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Central Laboratory, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Third Affiliated Hospital of the School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710068, China; Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity Disease of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, 710068, China.
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Central Laboratory, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Third Affiliated Hospital of the School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710068, China; Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity Disease of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, 710068, China.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Central Laboratory, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Third Affiliated Hospital of the School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710068, China; Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity Disease of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, 710068, China.
authors.forename: Qiaoxia
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Central Laboratory, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Third Affiliated Hospital of the School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710068, China; Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity Disease of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, 710068, China. Electronic address: hunjun116@163.com.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Central Laboratory, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Third Affiliated Hospital of the School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710068, China; Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity Disease of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, 710068, China.
authors.forename: Yuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000145:classification / Q000276:immunology*; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000276:immunology*; D000956:Antigens, Viral / Q000276:immunology*; D003198:Computer Simulation; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D000939:Epitopes / Q000276:immunology*; D019267:Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D053118:Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype / Q000276:immunology*; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D000956:Antigens, Viral; D000939:Epitopes; D019267:Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus
keywords: Blocking experiments; Computer simulation prediction; Epitope; Flu; Influenza virus; Monoclonal antibody