title: Use of an exposure chamber to maintain aqueous phase nanoparticle dispersions for improved toxicity testing in fish.
abstract: A novel chamber for maintaining aqueous phase dispersions of nanoparticles (NPs) to enable improved toxicity testing in larval zebrafish was developed. Aqueous concentrations were within 80% of initial NP concentrations, and the 96-h median lethal concentration (LC50) values were highly reproducible (coefficient of variation <0.16, n = 3 tests). Significantly lower toxicity for each NP tested (Ag, Cu, and TiO2 NPs) in static beakers suggested that traditional acute toxicity tests may underestimate aqueous phase toxicity of NPs.
authors.affiliation: School of Biomedical and Biological Sciences, Plymouth University, Plymouth, Devon, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Boyle
authors.forename: Halis
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Boran
authors.forename: Andrew J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Atfield
authors.forename: Theodore B
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: Henry
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000032:analysis*; D007814:Larva / Q000187:drug effects; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000633:toxicity*; D010316:Particle Size; D012834:Silver / Q000032:analysis; D018675:Toxicity Tests / Q000379:methods*; D023382:Toxicity Tests, Acute; D015027:Zebrafish / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D012834:Silver
keywords: Acute toxicity; Danio rerio; Engineered nanoparticles; Nanoparticle exposure chamber