title: Diagnosis and management of bacteremic urinary tract infection in infants.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report the prevalence of bacteremia by age in a sample of infants<1 year of age with urinary tract infections (UTIs), to compare characteristics of infants with UTIs with and without bacteremia, and to describe treatment courses and 30-day outcomes in infants with UTIs with and without bacteremia.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used a retrospective cross-sectional design to determine the prevalence of bacteremia in infants with UTIs at our institution. A double cohort design matching for age and gender was used to compare clinical characteristics and outcomes between infants with bacteremic versus nonbacteremic UTIs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We identified 1379 UTIs, with blood cultures obtained in 52% of cases. The prevalence of bacteremia was 4.1% (95% confidence interval 3.1%-5.3%) for all UTIs and 8% (95% confidence interval 6.1%-10.2%) for UTIs in which blood culture was obtained. Fifty-five infants with bacteremic UTIs were compared with 110 infants with nonbacteremic UTIs. Except for minor differences in the urinalysis and serum band count, there were no significant differences in clinical presentation between the 2 groups. Bacteremic infants received longer parenteral treatment courses than nonbacteremic infants (mean 6.7 vs 2.4 days, P<.001). Treatment courses in the bacteremic group were variable and predicted by age but not severity of illness. No bacteremic infant had recurrent UTI or bacteremia with the same organism within 30 days of discharge.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Treatment was variable but outcomes were excellent in infants with bacteremic UTIs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Santa Clara Valley Medical Center, San Jose, California; and heidi.roman@utsouthwestern.edu.
authors.forename: Heidi K
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Roman
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Lucile Packard Children's Hospital at Stanford, Palo Alto, California.
authors.forename: Pearl W
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Santa Clara Valley Medical Center, San Jose, California; and.
authors.forename: Alan R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Schroeder
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016470:Bacteremia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D001431:Bacteriological Techniques; D002140:California / Q000453:epidemiology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D019468:Disease Management; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D015995:Prevalence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014552:Urinary Tract Infections / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents
keywords: bacteremia; hospitalization; serious bacterial infection; urinary tract infection