title: Prenatal exposure to vanilla or alcohol induces crawling after these odors in the neonate rat: The role of mu and kappa opioid receptor systems.
abstract: Rat fetuses can perceive chemosensory stimuli derived from their mother's diet, and they may learn about those stimuli. In previous studies we have observed that prenatal exposure to alcohol during the last days of gestation increases the acceptance and liking of an alcohol flavor in infant and adolescent rats. While these results were not found after prenatal exposure to vanilla, cineole or anise, suggesting that the pharmacological properties of alcohol, mediated by the opioid system, underlie the effects observed with this drug. Considering that other studies report enhanced acceptance of non-alcohol flavors experienced prenatally when subjects were tested before infancy, we explore the possibility of observing similar results if testing 1-day old rats exposed prenatally to vanilla. Using an "odor-induced crawling" testing procedure, it was observed that neonates exposed prenatally to vanilla or alcohol crawl for a longer distance towards the experienced odor than to other odors or than control pups. Blocking mu, but not kappa opioid receptors, reduced the attraction of vanilla odor to neonates exposed to vanilla in utero, while the response to alcohol in pups exposed prenatally to this drug was affected by both antagonists. Results confirm that exposure to a non-alcohol odor enhances postnatal responses to it, observable soon after birth, while also suggesting that the mu opioid receptor system plays an important role in generating this effect. The results also imply that with alcohol exposure, the prenatal opioid system is wholly involved, which could explain the longer retention of the enhanced attraction to alcohol following prenatal experience with the drug.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Psychology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Avda. de Tolosa, 70, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain.
authors.forename: Mirari
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gaztañaga
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Psychology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Avda. de Tolosa, 70, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain.
authors.forename: P Ezequiel
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Aranda-Fernández
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Psychology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Avda. de Tolosa, 70, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain. Electronic address: g.chotro@ehu.es.
authors.forename: M Gabriela
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Chotro
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D058999:Drug-Seeking Behavior / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D000431:Ethanol / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D008124:Locomotion / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D018811:Maternal Exposure; D009270:Naloxone / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D009271:Naltrexone / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D009812:Odorants; D011247:Pregnancy; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D011957:Receptors, Opioid / Q000378:metabolism*; D031669:Vanilla
chemical_list: D011957:Receptors, Opioid; C051843:binaltorphimine; D009270:Naloxone; D000431:Ethanol; D009271:Naltrexone; C034643:naloxonazine
keywords: Alcohol; Crawling; Odor; Opioid; Prenatal exposure; Rat; Vanilla