title: Mushroom body output neurons encode valence and guide memory-based action selection in Drosophila.
abstract: Animals discriminate stimuli, learn their predictive value and use this knowledge to modify their behavior. In Drosophila, the mushroom body (MB) plays a key role in these processes. Sensory stimuli are sparsely represented by ∼2000 Kenyon cells, which converge onto 34 output neurons (MBONs) of 21 types. We studied the role of MBONs in several associative learning tasks and in sleep regulation, revealing the extent to which information flow is segregated into distinct channels and suggesting possible roles for the multi-layered MBON network. We also show that optogenetic activation of MBONs can, depending on cell type, induce repulsion or attraction in flies. The behavioral effects of MBON perturbation are combinatorial, suggesting that the MBON ensemble collectively represents valence. We propose that local, stimulus-specific dopaminergic modulation selectively alters the balance within the MBON network for those stimuli. Our results suggest that valence encoded by the MBON ensemble biases memory-based action selection.
authors.affiliation: Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, United States.
authors.forename: Yoshinori
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Aso
authors.affiliation: Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, United States.
authors.forename: Divya
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sitaraman
authors.affiliation: Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, Martinsried, Germany.
authors.forename: Toshiharu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ichinose
authors.affiliation: Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, United States.
authors.forename: Karla R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Kaun
authors.affiliation: Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, Martinsried, Germany.
authors.forename: Katrin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Vogt
authors.affiliation: Genes and Dynamics of Memory Systems, Brain Plasticity Unit, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, ESPCI, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Ghislain
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Belliart-Guérin
authors.affiliation: Genes and Dynamics of Memory Systems, Brain Plasticity Unit, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, ESPCI, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Pierre-Yves
authors.initials: PY
authors.lastname: Plaçais
authors.affiliation: Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, United States.
authors.forename: Alice A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Robie
authors.affiliation: Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, Martinsried, Germany.
authors.forename: Nobuhiro
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yamagata
authors.affiliation: Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, Martinsried, Germany.
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Schnaitmann
authors.affiliation: Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, United States.
authors.forename: William J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Rowell
authors.affiliation: Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, United States.
authors.forename: Rebecca M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Johnston
authors.affiliation: Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, United States.
authors.forename: Teri-T B
authors.initials: TT
authors.lastname: Ngo
authors.affiliation: Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, United States.
authors.forename: Nan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, United States.
authors.forename: Wyatt
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Korff
authors.affiliation: Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, United States.
authors.forename: Michael N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Nitabach
authors.affiliation: Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, United States.
authors.forename: Ulrike
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Heberlein
authors.affiliation: Genes and Dynamics of Memory Systems, Brain Plasticity Unit, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, ESPCI, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Preat
authors.affiliation: Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, United States.
authors.forename: Kristin M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Branson
authors.affiliation: Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, Martinsried, Germany.
authors.forename: Hiromu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tanimoto
authors.affiliation: Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, United States.
authors.forename: Gerald M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Rubin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001070:Appetitive Behavior / Q000528:radiation effects; D001245:Association Learning / Q000528:radiation effects; D001362:Avoidance Learning / Q000528:radiation effects; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000528:radiation effects; D002755:Choice Behavior / Q000528:radiation effects; D004331:Drosophila melanogaster / Q000166:cytology* / Q000502:physiology*; D008027:Light; D008568:Memory / Q000528:radiation effects; D008959:Models, Neurological; D024521:Mushroom Bodies / Q000166:cytology* / Q000294:innervation* / Q000528:radiation effects; D009474:Neurons / Q000502:physiology* / Q000528:radiation effects; D009812:Odorants; D012890:Sleep / Q000528:radiation effects; D013997:Time Factors; D014785:Vision, Ocular
keywords: D. melanogaster; action selection; behavioral valence; memory; mushroom body; neuroscience; population code; sleep