title: Nanoengineered drug delivery systems for enhancing antibiotic therapy.
abstract: Formulation scientists are recognizing nanoengineered drug delivery systems as an effective strategy to overcome limitations associated with antibiotic drug therapy. Antibiotics encapsulated into nanodelivery systems will contribute to improved management of patients with various infectious diseases and to overcoming the serious global burden of antibiotic resistance. An extensive review of several antibiotic-loaded nanocarriers that have been formulated to target drugs to infectious sites, achieve controlled drug release profiles, and address formulation challenges, such as low-drug entrapment efficiencies, poor solubility and stability is presented in this paper. The physicochemical properties and the in vitro/in vivo performances of various antibiotic-loaded delivery systems, such as polymeric nanoparticles, micelles, dendrimers, liposomes, solid lipid nanoparticles, lipid-polymer hybrid nanoparticles, nanohybirds, nanofibers/scaffolds, nanosheets, nanoplexes, and nanotubes/horn/rods and nanoemulsions, are highlighted and evaluated. Future studies that will be essential to optimize formulation and commercialization of these antibiotic-loaded nanosystems are also identified. The review presented emphasizes the significant formulation progress achieved and potential that novel nanoengineered antibiotic drug delivery systems have for enhancing the treatment of patients with a range of infections.
authors.affiliation: Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4000, South Africa.
authors.forename: Rahul S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Kalhapure
authors.forename: Nadia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Suleman
authors.forename: Chunderika
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mocktar
authors.forename: Nasreen
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Seedat
authors.forename: Thirumala
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Govender
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D004337:Drug Carriers; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D006801:Humans; D050997:Nanomedicine; D053758:Nanoparticles; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry*; D013678:Technology, Pharmaceutical / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D004337:Drug Carriers; D011108:Polymers
keywords: antibiotic resistance; controlled release; infectious diseases; nanoantibiotics; nanodrug delivery systems; nanotechnology; polymeric drug carrier; polymeric drug delivery systems; targeted drug delivery