title: Psychological factors and trimester-specific gestational weight gain: a systematic review.
abstract: Excess gestational weight gain (GWG), which has reached epidemic proportions, is associated with numerous adverse pregnancy outcomes. Early pregnancy provides a unique opportunity for counseling pregnant women since many women are motivated to engage in healthy behaviors. A systematic review was conducted to summarize the relation between psychological factors and trimester-specific GWG, i.e. GWG measured at the end of each trimester. Eight databases were searched for affect, cognition and personality factors. The guidelines on meta-analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology were followed. The methodological quality of each study was assessed using a modified Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Of 3620 non-duplicate titles and abstracts, 74 articles underwent full-text review. Two cohort studies met the inclusion criteria. Distress was negatively associated with first trimester GWG among both adolescents and non-adolescents. Body image dissatisfaction was associated with second trimester GWG only among non-adolescents. No association emerged between perceived stress, state and trait anxiety and body image dissatisfaction among adolescents and trimester-specific GWG. The relation between trimester-specific GWG and a number of weight-related and dietary-related cognitions, affective states and personality traits remain unexplored. Given the limited number of studies, further high-quality evidence is required to examine the association between psychological factors and trimester-specific GWG, especially for cognitive and personality factors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McMaster University , Hamilton, Ontario , Canada .
authors.forename: Mufiza Zia
authors.initials: MZ
authors.lastname: Kapadia
authors.forename: Anca
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gaston
authors.forename: Sherry
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Van Blyderveen
authors.forename: Louis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Schmidt
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Beyene
authors.forename: Helen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: McDonald
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: McDonald
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000523:psychology*; D011264:Pregnancy Trimesters / Q000523:psychology*; D037841:Pregnant People / Q000523:psychology*; D015430:Weight Gain
keywords: Gestational weight gain; pregnancy; psychological factors; systematic review; trimester