title: Distinct dopamine neurons mediate reward signals for short- and long-term memories.
abstract: Drosophila melanogaster can acquire a stable appetitive olfactory memory when the presentation of a sugar reward and an odor are paired. However, the neuronal mechanisms by which a single training induces long-term memory are poorly understood. Here we show that two distinct subsets of dopamine neurons in the fly brain signal reward for short-term (STM) and long-term memories (LTM). One subset induces memory that decays within several hours, whereas the other induces memory that gradually develops after training. They convey reward signals to spatially segregated synaptic domains of the mushroom body (MB), a potential site for convergence. Furthermore, we identified a single type of dopamine neuron that conveys the reward signal to restricted subdomains of the mushroom body lobes and induces long-term memory. Constant appetitive memory retention after a single training session thus comprises two memory components triggered by distinct dopamine neurons.
authors.affiliation: Tohoku University Graduate School of Life Sciences, Sendai 980-8577, Japan; Max Planck Institut für Neurobiologie, Martinsried 82152, Germany; hiromut@m.tohoku.ac.jp yamagata@m.tohoku.ac.jp rubing@janelia.hhmi.org.
authors.forename: Nobuhiro
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yamagata
authors.affiliation: Tohoku University Graduate School of Life Sciences, Sendai 980-8577, Japan; Max Planck Institut für Neurobiologie, Martinsried 82152, Germany;
authors.forename: Toshiharu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ichinose
authors.affiliation: Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA 20147; and.
authors.forename: Yoshinori
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Aso
authors.affiliation: Genes and Dynamics of Memory Systems, Brain Plasticity Unit, CNRS, Ecole Supérieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles-ParisTech, Paris Sciences et Lettres Research University, 75005 Paris, France.
authors.forename: Pierre-Yves
authors.initials: PY
authors.lastname: Plaçais
authors.affiliation: Max Planck Institut für Neurobiologie, Martinsried 82152, Germany;
authors.forename: Anja B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Friedrich
authors.affiliation: Max Planck Institut für Neurobiologie, Martinsried 82152, Germany;
authors.forename: Richard J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Sima
authors.affiliation: Genes and Dynamics of Memory Systems, Brain Plasticity Unit, CNRS, Ecole Supérieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles-ParisTech, Paris Sciences et Lettres Research University, 75005 Paris, France.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Preat
authors.affiliation: Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA 20147; and hiromut@m.tohoku.ac.jp yamagata@m.tohoku.ac.jp rubing@janelia.hhmi.org.
authors.forename: Gerald M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Rubin
authors.affiliation: Tohoku University Graduate School of Life Sciences, Sendai 980-8577, Japan; Max Planck Institut für Neurobiologie, Martinsried 82152, Germany; hiromut@m.tohoku.ac.jp yamagata@m.tohoku.ac.jp rubing@janelia.hhmi.org.
authors.forename: Hiromu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tanimoto
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D030801:Animals, Genetically Modified; D001070:Appetitive Behavior / Q000502:physiology; D002241:Carbohydrates; D059290:Dopaminergic Neurons / Q000502:physiology*; D004331:Drosophila melanogaster / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D007858:Learning / Q000502:physiology; D057567:Memory, Long-Term / Q000502:physiology; D008570:Memory, Short-Term / Q000502:physiology; D024521:Mushroom Bodies / Q000502:physiology; D009812:Odorants; D012201:Reward; D012903:Smell / Q000502:physiology; D013649:Taste / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D002241:Carbohydrates
keywords: Drosophila; dopamine; learning and memory; mushroom body