title: Effect of the preparation methods on architecture, crystallinity, hydrolytic degradation, bioactivity, and biocompatibility of PCL/bioglass composite scaffolds.
abstract: In this study, two different composition gel derived silica-rich (S2) or calcium-rich (A2) bioactive glasses (SBG) from a basic CaO-P2 O5 -SiO2 system were incorporated into poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) matrix to obtain novel bioactive composite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering applications. The composites were fabricated in the form of highly porous 3D scaffolds using following preparation methods: solvent casting particulate leaching (SCPL), solid-liquid phase separation, phase inversion (PI). Scaffolds containing 21% vol. of each bioactive glass were characterized for architecture, crystallinity, hydrolytic degradation, surface bioactivity, and cellular response. Results indicated that the use of different preparation methods leads to obtain highly porous (60-90%) materials with differentiated morphology: pore shape, size, and distributions. Thermal analysis (DSC) showed that the preparation method of materials and addition of bioactive glass particles into polymer matrix induced the changes of PCL crystallinity. Composites obtained by SCPL and PI method containing A2 SBG rapidly formed a hydroxyapatite calcium phosphate surface layer after incubation in SBF. Bioactive glasses used as filler in composite scaffolds could neutralize the released acidic by-products of the polymer degradation. Preliminary in vitro biological studies of the composites in contact with osteoblastic cells showed good biocompatibility of the obtained materials. Addition of bioactive glass into the PCL matrix promotes mineralization estimated on the basis of the ALP activity. These results suggest that through a process of selection appropriate methods of preparation and bioglass composition it is possible to design and obtain porous materials with suitable properties for regeneration of bone tissue.
authors.affiliation: Department of Glass Technology and Amorphous Coatings, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, 30 Mickiewicza Ave., Krakow, 30-059, Poland.
authors.forename: Michal
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dziadek
authors.affiliation: Department of Glass Technology and Amorphous Coatings, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, 30 Mickiewicza Ave., Krakow, 30-059, Poland.
authors.forename: Justyna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pawlik
authors.affiliation: Department of Cytobiology, Collegium Medicum, Jagiellonian University, 9 Medyczna St., Krakow, 30-688, Poland.
authors.forename: Elzbieta
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Menaszek
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomaterials, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, 30 Mickiewicza Ave., Krakow, 30-059, Poland.
authors.forename: Ewa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Stodolak-Zych
authors.affiliation: Department of Glass Technology and Amorphous Coatings, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, 30 Mickiewicza Ave., Krakow, 30-059, Poland.
authors.forename: Katarzyna
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Cholewa-Kowalska
mesh_terms: D002460:Cell Line; D002516:Ceramics / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D057927:Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; D008422:Materials Testing; D011091:Polyesters / Q000737:chemistry*; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: C022107:Bioglass; D011091:Polyesters; C016240:polycaprolactone
keywords: bioactive material; bioresorbable; composite/hard tissue; porous; tissue engineering