title: Mosquito genomics. Highly evolvable malaria vectors: the genomes of 16 Anopheles mosquitoes.
abstract: Variation in vectorial capacity for human malaria among Anopheles mosquito species is determined by many factors, including behavior, immunity, and life history. To investigate the genomic basis of vectorial capacity and explore new avenues for vector control, we sequenced the genomes of 16 anopheline mosquito species from diverse locations spanning ~100 million years of evolution. Comparative analyses show faster rates of gene gain and loss, elevated gene shuffling on the X chromosome, and more intron losses, relative to Drosophila. Some determinants of vectorial capacity, such as chemosensory genes, do not show elevated turnover but instead diversify through protein-sequence changes. This dynamism of anopheline genes and genomes may contribute to their flexible capacity to take advantage of new ecological niches, including adapting to humans as primary hosts.
authors.affiliation: Genome Sequencing and Analysis Program, Broad Institute, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA. neafsey@broadinstitute.org nbesansk@nd.edu.
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authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Zwiebel
authors.affiliation: Eck Institute for Global Health and Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, 317 Galvin Life Sciences Building, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA. neafsey@broadinstitute.org nbesansk@nd.edu.
authors.forename: Nora J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Besansky
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000852:Anopheles / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics*; D001483:Base Sequence; D059006:Chromosomes, Insect / Q000235:genetics; D004330:Drosophila / Q000235:genetics; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D049750:Genome, Insect; D006801:Humans; D007303:Insect Vectors / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics*; D008288:Malaria / Q000635:transmission*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010802:Phylogeny; D016415:Sequence Alignment