title: Protein glycation - Between tissue aging and protection.
abstract: Non-enzymatic formation of advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) is associated with degenerative diseases. Chronic accumulation of AGEs with age in tissues especially in the extracellular matrix is well known and at least in part responsible for e.g., collagen crosslinking, tissue stiffening and thus induction of high blood pressure or diastolic heart failure. Binding of soluble AGEs to the receptor for AGEs, RAGE, induces an inflammatory response whereas the soluble form of RAGE (sRAGE) can inhibit inflammatory tissue injury like arteriosclerosis in mouse models. However, there are a number of indications that AGEs have protective effects as well. AGEs may inhibit lung tumor growth, glyoxal induced AGE modification of human heart muscle can reduce an ischemia reperfusion injury and AGEs from nutrition can reduce ROS induced cell damage.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In summary, this indicates that protein glycation behaves like a double-edged sword. It induces tissue aging and degenerative diseases on the one hand, on the other hand, may also have protective effects, indicating a hormetic response.
authors.affiliation: Cardiothoracic Surgery, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle/Saale, Germany. Electronic address: andreas.simm@uk-halle.de.
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Simm
authors.affiliation: Cardiothoracic Surgery, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle/Saale, Germany.
authors.forename: Beatrice
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Müller
authors.affiliation: Cardiothoracic Surgery, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle/Saale, Germany.
authors.forename: Norbert
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nass
authors.affiliation: Cardiothoracic Surgery, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle/Saale, Germany.
authors.forename: Britt
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hofmann
authors.affiliation: Cardiothoracic Surgery, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle/Saale, Germany.
authors.forename: Hasan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bushnaq
authors.affiliation: Cardiothoracic Surgery, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle/Saale, Germany.
authors.forename: Rolf-Edgar
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Silber
authors.affiliation: Cardiothoracic Surgery, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle/Saale, Germany.
authors.forename: Babett
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bartling
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005502:Food; D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced / Q000378:metabolism*; D006031:Glycosylation; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D051379:Mice; D008875:Middle Aged; D000067759:Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products / Q000378:metabolism; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control
chemical_list: D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced; D000067759:Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products
keywords: Advanced glycation endproducts; Aging; Cardiovascular diseases; Glycation; Ischemia–reperfusion injury; Tumor formation