title: Patterns of use and expenses associated with mail-service pharmacy in adults with diabetes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify socioeconomic factors associated with mail-service pharmacy use and compare the differences in disease-specific prescription medication and medical utilization expenses in a nationally representative sample of adults with diabetes.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective, longitudinal, cross-sectional study.
  
  
  METHODS
  United States in 2006-11.
  
  
  METHODS
  Medical Expenditure Panel Survey household component (MEPS-HC) participants aged 18 years or older diagnosed with diabetes and prescribed antidiabetic medications.
  
  
  METHODS
  Likelihood of mail-service pharmacy use, diabetes-related medical utilization, and medication expenses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among 4,430 eligible participants identified in the 2006-11 surveys, representing more than 83 million U.S. individuals, nearly 13% of the participants obtained two-thirds or more of their antidiabetic medications via mail service predominantly. Mail-service pharmacy users were older, had high school or college degrees, had higher incomes, and were more likely to be covered by private insurance. There were no significant differences in diabetes-related medical utilization and drug expenses between the two groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Besides pharmacy benefit design, sociodemographic and economic factors influenced drug dispensing channel use (mail service versus community pharmacy). No significant differences in diabetes-related drug and medical expenses between mail-service and community pharmacy users were observed.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Mary Lynn
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Davis-Ajami
authors.forename: Virginia
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Noxon
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003157:Community Pharmacy Services / Q000191:economics / Q000639:trends*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000191:economics; D016527:Drug Costs; D011307:Drug Prescriptions; D005260:Female; D005102:Health Expenditures; D006295:Health Resources / Q000191:economics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000191:economics / Q000600:supply & distribution*; D007267:Injections; D007328:Insulin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000191:economics / Q000600:supply & distribution*; D007356:Insurance, Pharmaceutical Services / Q000191:economics / Q000639:trends; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010342:Patient Acceptance of Health Care; D011177:Postal Service / Q000191:economics / Q000639:trends*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin