title: Evaluation of the relationship between plasma transfusion and nosocomial infection after cardiac surgery in children younger than 1 year.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Recent data have suggested a link between plasma transfusion and the development of nosocomial infections in critically ill children. However, to our knowledge, no study has specifically focused on this association among children undergoing cardiac surgery. Thus, the main objective of this study was to analyze the relationship between plasma transfusion after cardiac surgery and the risk of nosocomial infections, including bloodstream infections, mediastinitis, and ventilator-associated pneumonia, in children younger than 1 year.
  
  
  METHODS
  Observational single-center study.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 12-bed tertiary PICU in a university hospital in France.
  
  
  METHODS
  Children less than 1 year admitted after cardiac surgery under cardiopulmonary bypass between November 2007 and December 2012.
  
  
  METHODS
  None.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Data from 233 children were analyzed, of which 94 children (40%) had been transfused with plasma during their PICU stay. Fifty-six episodes of nosocomial infections (51 children) were reported, yielding a nosocomial infection ratio of 24%. The unadjusted odds ratio for developing nosocomial infections associated with plasma transfusion was 4.1 (95% CI, 2.1-7.9; p < 0.001). After adjusting for a propensity score, there was no difference between the two groups (adjusted odds ratio, 1.5; 95% CI, 0.5-4.0; p = 0.5).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Plasma transfusion following cardiac surgery under cardiopulmonary bypass was not independently associated with the development of nosocomial infections in children (< 1 yr old) after adjustment for a propensity score.
authors.affiliation: 1Department of Pediatric Intensive Care, Nantes University Hospital, Nantes, France. 2Clinical Investigation Center, National Institute of Health and Medical Research, Nantes University Hospital, Nantes, France. 3Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Nantes University Hospital, Nantes, France. 4Department of Emergency Medicine, Nantes University Hospital, Nantes, France.
authors.forename: Alexis
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chenouard
authors.forename: Jean-Christophe
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Rozé
authors.forename: Matthieu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hanf
authors.forename: Julie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Macher
authors.forename: Jean-Michel
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Liet
authors.forename: Véronique
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Gournay
authors.forename: Christèle
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gras-Le Guen
authors.forename: Nicolas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Joram
mesh_terms: D016470:Bacteremia / Q000209:etiology*; D016913:Blood Component Transfusion / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002177:Candidiasis / Q000209:etiology; D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures; D003428:Cross Infection / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D016905:Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections / Q000209:etiology; D016908:Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D008480:Mediastinitis / Q000209:etiology*; D016017:Odds Ratio; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D053717:Pneumonia, Ventilator-Associated / Q000209:etiology*; D011182:Postoperative Care / Q000009:adverse effects; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000209:etiology*; D057216:Propensity Score; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors