title: Working alone or in the presence of others: exploring social facilitation in baggage X-ray security screening tasks.
abstract: This study investigated whether the mere presence of a human audience would evoke a social facilitation effect in baggage X-ray security screening tasks. A 2 (target presence: present vs. absent) ×  2 (task complexity: simple vs. complex) ×  2 (social presence: alone vs. human audience) within-subject experiment simulating a real baggage screening task was conducted. This experiment included 20 male participants. The participants' search performance in this task was recorded. The results showed that the presence of a human audience speeded up responses in simple tasks and slowed down responses in complex tasks. However, the social facilitation effect produced by the presence of a human audience had no effect on response accuracy. These findings suggested that the complexity of screening tasks should be considered when designing work organisation modes for security screening tasks. Practitioner summary: This study investigated whether the presence of a human audience could evoke a social facilitation effect in baggage X-ray security screening tasks. An experimental simulation was conducted. The results showed that the presence of a human audience facilitated the search performance of simple tasks and inhibited the performance of complex tasks.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Industrial Engineering , Tsinghua University , Beijing , P.R. China.
authors.forename: Rui-feng
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wu
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012637:Security Measures; D012932:Social Facilitation; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis; D014937:Work; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: social facilitation; threat detection; visual search; work organisation