title: Graphene oxide - gelatin nanohybrids as functional tools for enhanced Carboplatin activity in neuroblastoma cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Preparation of Nanographene oxide (NGO) - Gelatin hybrids for efficient treatment of Neuroblastoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nanohybrids were prepared via non-covalent interactions. Spectroscopic tools have been used to discriminate the chemical states of NGO prior and after gelatin coating, with UV visible spectroscopy revealing the maximum binding capacity of gelatin to NGO. Raman and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) demonstrated NGO and Gelatin_NGO nanohybrids through a new chemical environments produced after noncovalent interaction. Microscopic analyses, atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) are used to estimate the thickness of samples and the lateral width in the nanoscale, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The cell viability assay validated Gelatin_NGO nanohybrids as a useful nanocarrier for Carboplatin (CP) release and delivery, without obvious signs of toxicity. The nano-sized NGO (200 nm and 300 nm) did not enable CP to kill the cancer cells efficiently, whilst the CP loaded Gel_NGO 100 nm resulted in a synergistic activity through increasing the local concentration of CP inside the cancer cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The nanohybrids provoked high stability and dispersibility in physiological media, as well as enhanced the anticancer activity of the chemotherapy agent Carboplatin (CP) in human neuroblastoma cells.
authors.affiliation: Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden, 01171, Dresden, Germany, Makharza.sami@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Sami
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Makharza
authors.forename: Orazio
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Vittorio
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cirillo
authors.forename: Steffen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Oswald
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hinde
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kavallaris
authors.forename: Bernd
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Büchner
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mertig
authors.forename: Silke
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hampel
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016190:Carboplatin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004337:Drug Carriers; D005780:Gelatin / Q000737:chemistry*; D006108:Graphite / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D018625:Microscopy, Atomic Force; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D050997:Nanomedicine; D053758:Nanoparticles; D009447:Neuroblastoma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D010087:Oxides / Q000737:chemistry*; D056951:Photoelectron Spectroscopy; D013056:Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; D013059:Spectrum Analysis, Raman; D013678:Technology, Pharmaceutical / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D004337:Drug Carriers; D010087:Oxides; D006108:Graphite; D005780:Gelatin; D016190:Carboplatin