title: Recording medical students' encounters with standardized patients using Google Glass: providing end-of-life clinical education.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Medical education today frequently includes standardized patient (SP) encounters to teach history-taking, physical exam, and communication skills. However, traditional wall-mounted cameras, used to record video for faculty and student feedback and evaluation, provide a limited view of key nonverbal communication behaviors during clinical encounters.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 2013, 30 second-year medical students participated in an end-of-life module that included SP encounters in which the SPs used Google Glass to record their first-person perspective. Students reviewed the Google Glass video and traditional videos and then completed a postencounter, self-evaluation survey and a follow-up survey about the experience.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Google Glass was used successfully to record 30 student/SP encounters. One temporary Google Glass hardware failure was observed. Of the 30 students, 7 (23%) reported a "positive, nondistracting experience"; 11 (37%) a "positive, initially distracting experience"; 5 (17%) a "neutral experience"; and 3 (10%) a "negative experience." Four students (13%) opted to withhold judgment until they reviewed the videos but reported Google Glass as "distracting." According to follow-up survey responses, 16 students (of 23; 70%) found Google Glass "worth including in the [clinical skills program]," whereas 7 (30%) did not.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Google Glass can be used to video record students during SP encounters and provides a novel perspective for the analysis and evaluation of their interpersonal communication skills and nonverbal behaviors. Next steps include a larger, more rigorous comparison of Google Glass versus traditional videos and expanded use of this technology in other aspects of the clinical skills training program.
authors.affiliation: Dr. Tully is a first-year resident training in pediatrics, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, Arizona. Dr. Dameff is a first-year resident training in emergency medicine, Maricopa Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona. Dr. Kaib is assistant director, Doctoring Curriculum, Department of Academic Affairs, University of Arizona, College of Medicine: Phoenix, Phoenix, Arizona. Dr. Moffitt is director, Doctoring Curriculum, Department of Academic Affairs, University of Arizona, College of Medicine: Phoenix, Phoenix, Arizona.
authors.forename: Jeffrey
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tully
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dameff
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kaib
authors.forename: Maricela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Moffitt
mesh_terms: D002983:Clinical Competence; D003142:Communication; D034201:Computers, Handheld; D004504:Education, Medical, Undergraduate; D018961:Educational Technology; D006801:Humans; D016544:Patient Simulation; D010817:Physician-Patient Relations; D010865:Pilot Projects; D012647:Self-Assessment; D013727:Terminal Care; D014342:Truth Disclosure; D014741:Video Recording