title: Targeting of γ-tubulin complexes to microtubule organizing centers: conservation and divergence.
abstract: Organisms with closed or open mitosis have differentially evolved various gamma-tubulin complex (γ-TuC) recruiting factors to organize diverse cellular microtubule (MT) arrays, including the mitotic spindle. γ-TuC recruiting factors not only target the γ-TuC to MT nucleation sites, but also regulate MT nucleation activity by generating the template for MT nucleation or promoting the MT nucleation activity of pre-existing γ-tubulin ring complexes (γ-TuRCs). Here we outline the current understanding of MT nucleator assembly and its regulation by γ-tubulin small complex (γ-TuSC) receptors. Moreover, we discuss the emergence of γ-TuC recruiting factors through evolution with augmented complexity and diversity and propose a hypothesis to account for the evolution of these factors in cooperative spindle assembly.
authors.affiliation: Zentrum für Molekulare Biologie der Universität Heidelberg (ZMBH), DKFZ-ZMBH Allianz, Im Neuenheimer Feld 282, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany. Electronic address: t.lin@zmbh.uni-heidelberg.de.
authors.forename: Tien-chen
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Zentrum für Molekulare Biologie der Universität Heidelberg (ZMBH), DKFZ-ZMBH Allianz, Im Neuenheimer Feld 282, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Annett
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Neuner
authors.affiliation: Zentrum für Molekulare Biologie der Universität Heidelberg (ZMBH), DKFZ-ZMBH Allianz, Im Neuenheimer Feld 282, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany. Electronic address: e.schiebel@zmbh.uni-heidelberg.de.
authors.forename: Elmar
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Schiebel
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000502:physiology; D004331:Drosophila melanogaster / Q000166:cytology; D006801:Humans; D022101:Microtubule-Organizing Center; D008870:Microtubules / Q000378:metabolism*; D008938:Mitosis / Q000502:physiology; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000166:cytology; D012568:Schizosaccharomyces / Q000166:cytology; D008941:Spindle Apparatus / Q000378:metabolism; D014404:Tubulin / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D014404:Tubulin
keywords: centrosome; gamma-tubulin complex; microtubule; mitotic spindle; spindle pole body