title: Inhibition of nucleic acid biosynthesis makes little difference to formation of amphotericin B-tolerant persisters in Candida albicans biofilm.
abstract: Candida albicans persisters constitute a small subpopulation of biofilm cells and play a major role in recalcitrant chronic candidiasis; however, the mechanism underlying persister formation remains unclear. Persisters are often described as dormant, multidrug-tolerant, nongrowing cells. Persister cells are difficult to isolate and study not only due to their low levels in C. albicans biofilms but also due to their transient, reversible phenotype. In this study, we tried to induce persister formation by inducing C. albicans cells into a dormant state. C. albicans cells were pretreated with 5-fluorocytosine (planktonic cells, 0.8 μg ml(-1); biofilm cells, 1 μg ml(-1)) for 6 h at 37°C, which inhibits nucleic acid and protein synthesis. Biofilms and planktonic cultures of eight C. albicans strains were surveyed for persisters after amphotericin B treatment (100 μg ml(-1) for 24 h) and CFU assay. None of the planktonic cultures, with or without 5-fluorocytosine pretreatment, contained persisters. Persister cells were found in biofilms of all tested C. albicans strains, representing approximately 0.01 to 1.93% of the total population. However, the persister levels were not significantly increased in C. albicans biofilms pretreated with 5-fluorocytosine. These results suggest that inhibition of nucleic acid synthesis did not seem to increase the formation of amphotericin B-tolerant persisters in C. albicans biofilms.
authors.affiliation: Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Jinan Stomatologic Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China.
authors.forename: Xiaohua
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China gjiang@sdu.edu.cn qqg@sdu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Guangshui
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China Cheeloo Health Science Center, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China gjiang@sdu.edu.cn qqg@sdu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Qingguo
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Qi
mesh_terms: D000666:Amphotericin B / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018441:Biofilms / Q000187:drug effects*; D002176:Candida albicans / Q000187:drug effects*; D002177:Candidiasis / Q000188:drug therapy; D005437:Flucytosine / Q000494:pharmacology; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests / Q000379:methods; D009696:Nucleic Acids / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; D009696:Nucleic Acids; D000666:Amphotericin B; D005437:Flucytosine