title: Female gender in the setting of liver transplantation.
abstract: The evolution of liver diseases to end-stage liver disease or to acute hepatic failure, the evaluation process for liver transplantation, the organ allocation decision-making, as well as the post-transplant outcomes are different between female and male genders. Women's access to liver transplantation is hampered by the use of model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) score, in which creatinine values exert a systematic bias against women due to their lower values even in the presence of variable degrees of renal dysfunction. Furthermore, even when correcting MELD score for gender-appropriate creatinine determination, a quantifiable uneven access to transplant prevails, demonstrating that other factors are also involved. While some of the differences can be explained from the epidemiological point of view, hormonal status plays an important role. Moreover, the pre-menopausal and post-menopausal stages imply profound differences in a woman's physiology, including not only the passage from the fertile age to the non-fertile stage, but also the loss of estrogens and their potentially protective role in delaying liver fibrosis progression, amongst others. With menopause, the tendency to gain weight may contribute to the development of or worsening of pre-existing metabolic syndrome. As an increasing number of patients are transplanted for non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, and as the average age at transplant increases, clinicians must be prepared for the management of this particular condition, especially in post-menopausal women, who are at particular risk of developing metabolic complications after menopause.
authors.affiliation: Kryssia Isabel Rodríguez-Castro, Eleonora De Martin, Martina Gambato, Silvia Lazzaro, Patrizia Burra, Multivisceral Transplant Unit, Deparment of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, Padua University Hospital, 35128 Padua, Italy.
authors.forename: Kryssia Isabel
authors.initials: KI
authors.lastname: Rodríguez-Castro
authors.affiliation: Kryssia Isabel Rodríguez-Castro, Eleonora De Martin, Martina Gambato, Silvia Lazzaro, Patrizia Burra, Multivisceral Transplant Unit, Deparment of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, Padua University Hospital, 35128 Padua, Italy.
authors.forename: Eleonora
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: De Martin
authors.affiliation: Kryssia Isabel Rodríguez-Castro, Eleonora De Martin, Martina Gambato, Silvia Lazzaro, Patrizia Burra, Multivisceral Transplant Unit, Deparment of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, Padua University Hospital, 35128 Padua, Italy.
authors.forename: Martina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gambato
authors.affiliation: Kryssia Isabel Rodríguez-Castro, Eleonora De Martin, Martina Gambato, Silvia Lazzaro, Patrizia Burra, Multivisceral Transplant Unit, Deparment of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, Padua University Hospital, 35128 Padua, Italy.
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lazzaro
authors.affiliation: Kryssia Isabel Rodríguez-Castro, Eleonora De Martin, Martina Gambato, Silvia Lazzaro, Patrizia Burra, Multivisceral Transplant Unit, Deparment of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, Padua University Hospital, 35128 Padua, Italy.
authors.forename: Erica
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Villa
authors.affiliation: Kryssia Isabel Rodríguez-Castro, Eleonora De Martin, Martina Gambato, Silvia Lazzaro, Patrizia Burra, Multivisceral Transplant Unit, Deparment of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, Padua University Hospital, 35128 Padua, Italy.
authors.forename: Patrizia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Burra
keywords: Creatinine; Estrogens; Female gender; Gender donor-recipient match; Liver transplantation; Model for end-stage liver disease score