title: Influence of bone architecture on the primary stability of different mini-implant designs.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Mechanical interlocking between a mini-implant (MI) and the bone substrate reflects directly on the primary stability achieved. The purposes of this study were to evaluate MI design performance in distinct bone substrates and correlate geometric characteristics with insertion site quality.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two types of self-drilling MIs (1.6 × 8 mm) were allocated to 2 groups according to their geometric designs: Tomas system (Dentaurum, Ispringen, Germany) and Dual-Top (Rocky Mountain Orthodontics, Denver, Colo). Forty sections (8 × 10 mm) were taken from bovine pelvic ilium and pubic bone. Geometric design characteristics were evaluated using scanning electron microscope imaging and Image-Pro Insight software (Media Cybernetics, Rockville, Md). Bone quality parameters were assessed with a microcomputed tomography system, and primary stability was evaluated by insertion torque and pull-out strength. Intergroup comparisons were performed with analysis of variance and Tukey tests, and the Pearson correlation test was carried out (P <0.05).
  
  
  RESULTS
  No significant difference was observed in the comparisons of the groups (Tomas: insertion torque, 12.87 N·cm; pull-out strength, 181 N; and Dual-Top: insertion torque, 9.95 N·cm; pull-out strength, 172.5 N) in the ilium. However, the Tomas group had a marked increase in insertion torque (25.08 N·cm; P <0.05) in the pubic bone.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MI mechanical performance differed according to bone quality parameters, indicating that certain geometric parameters may be set depending on the insertion substrate.
authors.affiliation: Orthodontist, Department of Pedodontics and Orthodontics, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Amanda Carneiro
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: da Cunha
authors.affiliation: Orthodontist, Department of Pedodontics and Orthodontics, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Mariana
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Marquezan
authors.affiliation: Professor, Nuclear Instrumentation Laboratory, Nuclear Engineering Program, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Inaya
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Lima
authors.affiliation: Professor, Nuclear Instrumentation Laboratory, Nuclear Engineering Program, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ricardo Tadeu
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Lopes
authors.affiliation: Professor, Department of Pedodontics and Orthodontics, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Lincoln Issamu
authors.initials: LI
authors.lastname: Nojima
authors.affiliation: Professor, Department of Pedodontics and Orthodontics, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Electronic address: eduardo.franzotti@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Eduardo Franzotti
authors.initials: EF
authors.lastname: Sant'Anna
mesh_terms: D000497:Alloys; D000818:Animals; D015519:Bone Density / Q000502:physiology; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D002417:Cattle; D003722:Dental Alloys / Q000737:chemistry; D015921:Dental Implants; D003799:Dental Stress Analysis / Q000295:instrumentation; D007085:Ilium / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D008904:Miniaturization; D052280:Orthodontic Anchorage Procedures / Q000295:instrumentation*; D016382:Orthodontic Appliance Design; D016348:Osseointegration / Q000502:physiology*; D011630:Pubic Bone / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013499:Surface Properties; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry; D019415:Torque; D055114:X-Ray Microtomography / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D000497:Alloys; D003722:Dental Alloys; D015921:Dental Implants; C031462:titanium alloy (TiAl6V4); D014025:Titanium