title: A pilot study of postural stability testing using controls: the modified BESS protocol integrated with an H-pattern visual screen and fixed gaze coupled with cervical range of motion.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to investigate baseline postural stability of a normal healthy population using the modified balance error scoring system (M-BESS) integrated with H-pattern testing (HP) and cervical range of motion with fixed ocular gaze (CROM).
  
  
  METHODS
  Postural error scores for twelve participants were scored during each twenty second trial of the M-BESS protocol stances (double-leg [DL], tandem [TL] and single-leg [SL]). Participants also completed the same M-BESS protocol with the inclusion of HP and CROM conditions for a total of nine trials.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The total mean ± standard deviation and median of errors within each condition were not different (M-BESS 2.6 ± 2.1, 2.0; HP 1.3 ± 1.1, 2.0; CROM 2.0 ± 2.0, 2.0; p>0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although a small sample size, our findings suggest that with normal, healthy, subjects challenging their visual input and cervical range of motion while balancing gives you a similar number of errors as the standard M-BESS protocol.
authors.affiliation: Canadian Memorial Chiropractic College, 6100 Leslie Street, Toronto, Canada ; Associate Professor, Faculty of Clinical Education, Canadian Memorial Chiropractic College, 6100 Leslie Street, Toronto, Canada.
authors.forename: Brad
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Muir
authors.affiliation: Canadian Memorial Chiropractic College, 6100 Leslie Street, Toronto, Canada ; Division of Undergraduate Studies, Canadian Memorial Chiropractic College, 6100 Leslie Street, Toronto, Canada.
authors.forename: Aaron
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lynn
authors.affiliation: Canadian Memorial Chiropractic College, 6100 Leslie Street, Toronto, Canada ; Division of Undergraduate Studies, Canadian Memorial Chiropractic College, 6100 Leslie Street, Toronto, Canada.
authors.forename: Meagan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Maguire
authors.affiliation: Canadian Memorial Chiropractic College, 6100 Leslie Street, Toronto, Canada ; Division of Undergraduate Studies, Canadian Memorial Chiropractic College, 6100 Leslie Street, Toronto, Canada.
authors.forename: Brandi
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ryan
authors.affiliation: Canadian Memorial Chiropractic College, 6100 Leslie Street, Toronto, Canada ; Division of Undergraduate Studies, Canadian Memorial Chiropractic College, 6100 Leslie Street, Toronto, Canada.
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Calow
authors.affiliation: Canadian Memorial Chiropractic College, 6100 Leslie Street, Toronto, Canada ; Division of Undergraduate Studies, Canadian Memorial Chiropractic College, 6100 Leslie Street, Toronto, Canada.
authors.forename: Mike
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Duffy
authors.affiliation: Canadian Memorial Chiropractic College, 6100 Leslie Street, Toronto, Canada ; Division of Undergraduate Studies, Canadian Memorial Chiropractic College, 6100 Leslie Street, Toronto, Canada.
authors.forename: Zack
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Souckey
keywords: BESS; H-pattern; concussion testing; mild traumatic brain injury; postural stability