title: Work productivity loss with depression, diagnosed and undiagnosed, among workers in an Internet-based survey conducted in Japan.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to investigate whether depression severity was associated with work impairments, regardless of the diagnosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a cross-sectional study among 17,820 Japanese workers using an Internet-based survey. Work impairments were assessed using the Work Productivity and Activity Impairment questionnaire. Participants were grouped according to whether they had a past-year diagnosis of depression by physicians and current depression severity assessed with the Patient Health Questionnaire-9.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among the undiagnosed, high severity respondents had greater overall work impairment than low severity respondents (33.3% vs 14.8%). Significant interactions between diagnosis and severity indicated greater impairments among undiagnosed than among diagnosed respondents (except on absenteeism).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Depression severity was associated with work productivity loss, even among the undiagnosed, suggesting a need for early detection, referral, and treatment of depression in the workplace.
authors.affiliation: From the Global Established Pharma Medical Affairs (Ms Asami), Pfizer Japan Inc, Tokyo, Japan; Health Outcomes Practice (Dr Goren), Kantar Health, New York, NY; and Institute for Health Economics and Policy (Dr Okumura), Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Asami
authors.forename: Amir
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Goren
authors.forename: Yasuyuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Okumura
mesh_terms: D000041:Absenteeism; D000328:Adult; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003863:Depression / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D004526:Efficiency; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D020407:Internet; D007564:Japan; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires