title: Integromic analysis of genetic variation and gene expression identifies networks for cardiovascular disease phenotypes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cardiovascular disease (CVD) reflects a highly coordinated complex of traits. Although genome-wide association studies have reported numerous single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to be associated with CVD, the role of most of these variants in disease processes remains unknown.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We built a CVD network using 1512 SNPs associated with 21 CVD traits in genome-wide association studies (at P≤5×10(-8)) and cross-linked different traits by virtue of their shared SNP associations. We then explored whole blood gene expression in relation to these SNPs in 5257 participants in the Framingham Heart Study. At a false discovery rate <0.05, we identified 370 cis-expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs; SNPs associated with altered expression of nearby genes) and 44 trans-eQTLs (SNPs associated with altered expression of remote genes). The eQTL network revealed 13 CVD-related modules. Searching for association of eQTL genes with CVD risk factors (lipids, blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, and body mass index) in the same individuals, we found examples in which the expression of eQTL genes was significantly associated with these CVD phenotypes. In addition, mediation tests suggested that a subset of SNPs previously associated with CVD phenotypes in genome-wide association studies may exert their function by altering expression of eQTL genes (eg, LDLR and PCSK7), which in turn may promote interindividual variation in phenotypes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Using a network approach to analyze CVD traits, we identified complex networks of SNP-phenotype and SNP-transcript connections. Integrating the CVD network with phenotypic data, we identified biological pathways that may provide insights into potential drug targets for treatment or prevention of CVD.
authors.affiliation: From the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (C.Y., B.H.C., R.J., X.Z., C.L., T.H., L.A.C., C.S.F., P.C., C.J.O'D., D.L.); Population Sciences Branch, National Institutes of Health, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD (C.Y., B.H.C., R.J., X.Z., C.L., T.H., P.C., D.L.); Mathematical and Statistical Computing Laboratory, Center for Information Technology, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (R.J., P.J.M.); Department of Computer Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey (B.O.); Department of Computer Engineering, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey (O.T.); Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA (L.A.C.); Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (J.B.M.); Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (C.S.F.); Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worchester (J.E.F.); Division of Cardiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (C.J.O'D.); and Departments of Statistics and of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin-Madison (S.K.).
authors.forename: Chen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.affiliation: From the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (C.Y., B.H.C., R.J., X.Z., C.L., T.H., L.A.C., C.S.F., P.C., C.J.O'D., D.L.); Population Sciences Branch, National Institutes of Health, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD (C.Y., B.H.C., R.J., X.Z., C.L., T.H., P.C., D.L.); Mathematical and Statistical Computing Laboratory, Center for Information Technology, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (R.J., P.J.M.); Department of Computer Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey (B.O.); Department of Computer Engineering, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey (O.T.); Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA (L.A.C.); Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (J.B.M.); Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (C.S.F.); Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worchester (J.E.F.); Division of Cardiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (C.J.O'D.); and Departments of Statistics and of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin-Madison (S.K.).
authors.forename: Brian H
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: From the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (C.Y., B.H.C., R.J., X.Z., C.L., T.H., L.A.C., C.S.F., P.C., C.J.O'D., D.L.); Population Sciences Branch, National Institutes of Health, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD (C.Y., B.H.C., R.J., X.Z., C.L., T.H., P.C., D.L.); Mathematical and Statistical Computing Laboratory, Center for Information Technology, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (R.J., P.J.M.); Department of Computer Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey (B.O.); Department of Computer Engineering, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey (O.T.); Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA (L.A.C.); Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (J.B.M.); Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (C.S.F.); Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worchester (J.E.F.); Division of Cardiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (C.J.O'D.); and Departments of Statistics and of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin-Madison (S.K.).
authors.forename: Roby
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Joehanes
authors.affiliation: From the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (C.Y., B.H.C., R.J., X.Z., C.L., T.H., L.A.C., C.S.F., P.C., C.J.O'D., D.L.); Population Sciences Branch, National Institutes of Health, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD (C.Y., B.H.C., R.J., X.Z., C.L., T.H., P.C., D.L.); Mathematical and Statistical Computing Laboratory, Center for Information Technology, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (R.J., P.J.M.); Department of Computer Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey (B.O.); Department of Computer Engineering, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey (O.T.); Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA (L.A.C.); Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (J.B.M.); Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (C.S.F.); Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worchester (J.E.F.); Division of Cardiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (C.J.O'D.); and Departments of Statistics and of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin-Madison (S.K.).
authors.forename: Burcak
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Otlu
authors.affiliation: From the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (C.Y., B.H.C., R.J., X.Z., C.L., T.H., L.A.C., C.S.F., P.C., C.J.O'D., D.L.); Population Sciences Branch, National Institutes of Health, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD (C.Y., B.H.C., R.J., X.Z., C.L., T.H., P.C., D.L.); Mathematical and Statistical Computing Laboratory, Center for Information Technology, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (R.J., P.J.M.); Department of Computer Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey (B.O.); Department of Computer Engineering, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey (O.T.); Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA (L.A.C.); Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (J.B.M.); Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (C.S.F.); Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worchester (J.E.F.); Division of Cardiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (C.J.O'D.); and Departments of Statistics and of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin-Madison (S.K.).
authors.forename: Xiaoling
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: From the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (C.Y., B.H.C., R.J., X.Z., C.L., T.H., L.A.C., C.S.F., P.C., C.J.O'D., D.L.); Population Sciences Branch, National Institutes of Health, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD (C.Y., B.H.C., R.J., X.Z., C.L., T.H., P.C., D.L.); Mathematical and Statistical Computing Laboratory, Center for Information Technology, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (R.J., P.J.M.); Department of Computer Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey (B.O.); Department of Computer Engineering, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey (O.T.); Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA (L.A.C.); Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (J.B.M.); Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (C.S.F.); Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worchester (J.E.F.); Division of Cardiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (C.J.O'D.); and Departments of Statistics and of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin-Madison (S.K.).
authors.forename: Chunyu
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: From the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (C.Y., B.H.C., R.J., X.Z., C.L., T.H., L.A.C., C.S.F., P.C., C.J.O'D., D.L.); Population Sciences Branch, National Institutes of Health, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD (C.Y., B.H.C., R.J., X.Z., C.L., T.H., P.C., D.L.); Mathematical and Statistical Computing Laboratory, Center for Information Technology, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (R.J., P.J.M.); Department of Computer Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey (B.O.); Department of Computer Engineering, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey (O.T.); Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA (L.A.C.); Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (J.B.M.); Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (C.S.F.); Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worchester (J.E.F.); Division of Cardiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (C.J.O'D.); and Departments of Statistics and of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin-Madison (S.K.).
authors.forename: Tianxiao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Huan
authors.affiliation: From the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (C.Y., B.H.C., R.J., X.Z., C.L., T.H., L.A.C., C.S.F., P.C., C.J.O'D., D.L.); Population Sciences Branch, National Institutes of Health, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD (C.Y., B.H.C., R.J., X.Z., C.L., T.H., P.C., D.L.); Mathematical and Statistical Computing Laboratory, Center for Information Technology, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (R.J., P.J.M.); Department of Computer Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey (B.O.); Department of Computer Engineering, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey (O.T.); Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA (L.A.C.); Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (J.B.M.); Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (C.S.F.); Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worchester (J.E.F.); Division of Cardiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (C.J.O'D.); and Departments of Statistics and of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin-Madison (S.K.).
authors.forename: Oznur
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Tastan
authors.affiliation: From the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (C.Y., B.H.C., R.J., X.Z., C.L., T.H., L.A.C., C.S.F., P.C., C.J.O'D., D.L.); Population Sciences Branch, National Institutes of Health, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD (C.Y., B.H.C., R.J., X.Z., C.L., T.H., P.C., D.L.); Mathematical and Statistical Computing Laboratory, Center for Information Technology, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (R.J., P.J.M.); Department of Computer Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey (B.O.); Department of Computer Engineering, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey (O.T.); Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA (L.A.C.); Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (J.B.M.); Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (C.S.F.); Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worchester (J.E.F.); Division of Cardiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (C.J.O'D.); and Departments of Statistics and of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin-Madison (S.K.).
authors.forename: L Adrienne
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Cupples
authors.affiliation: From the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (C.Y., B.H.C., R.J., X.Z., C.L., T.H., L.A.C., C.S.F., P.C., C.J.O'D., D.L.); Population Sciences Branch, National Institutes of Health, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD (C.Y., B.H.C., R.J., X.Z., C.L., T.H., P.C., D.L.); Mathematical and Statistical Computing Laboratory, Center for Information Technology, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (R.J., P.J.M.); Department of Computer Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey (B.O.); Department of Computer Engineering, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey (O.T.); Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA (L.A.C.); Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (J.B.M.); Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (C.S.F.); Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worchester (J.E.F.); Division of Cardiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (C.J.O'D.); and Departments of Statistics and of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin-Madison (S.K.).
authors.forename: James B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Meigs
authors.affiliation: From the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (C.Y., B.H.C., R.J., X.Z., C.L., T.H., L.A.C., C.S.F., P.C., C.J.O'D., D.L.); Population Sciences Branch, National Institutes of Health, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD (C.Y., B.H.C., R.J., X.Z., C.L., T.H., P.C., D.L.); Mathematical and Statistical Computing Laboratory, Center for Information Technology, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (R.J., P.J.M.); Department of Computer Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey (B.O.); Department of Computer Engineering, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey (O.T.); Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA (L.A.C.); Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (J.B.M.); Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (C.S.F.); Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worchester (J.E.F.); Division of Cardiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (C.J.O'D.); and Departments of Statistics and of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin-Madison (S.K.).
authors.forename: Caroline S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Fox
authors.affiliation: From the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (C.Y., B.H.C., R.J., X.Z., C.L., T.H., L.A.C., C.S.F., P.C., C.J.O'D., D.L.); Population Sciences Branch, National Institutes of Health, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD (C.Y., B.H.C., R.J., X.Z., C.L., T.H., P.C., D.L.); Mathematical and Statistical Computing Laboratory, Center for Information Technology, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (R.J., P.J.M.); Department of Computer Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey (B.O.); Department of Computer Engineering, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey (O.T.); Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA (L.A.C.); Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (J.B.M.); Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (C.S.F.); Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worchester (J.E.F.); Division of Cardiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (C.J.O'D.); and Departments of Statistics and of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin-Madison (S.K.).
authors.forename: Jane E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Freedman
authors.affiliation: From the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (C.Y., B.H.C., R.J., X.Z., C.L., T.H., L.A.C., C.S.F., P.C., C.J.O'D., D.L.); Population Sciences Branch, National Institutes of Health, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD (C.Y., B.H.C., R.J., X.Z., C.L., T.H., P.C., D.L.); Mathematical and Statistical Computing Laboratory, Center for Information Technology, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (R.J., P.J.M.); Department of Computer Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey (B.O.); Department of Computer Engineering, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey (O.T.); Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA (L.A.C.); Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (J.B.M.); Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (C.S.F.); Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worchester (J.E.F.); Division of Cardiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (C.J.O'D.); and Departments of Statistics and of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin-Madison (S.K.).
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Courchesne
authors.affiliation: From the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (C.Y., B.H.C., R.J., X.Z., C.L., T.H., L.A.C., C.S.F., P.C., C.J.O'D., D.L.); Population Sciences Branch, National Institutes of Health, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD (C.Y., B.H.C., R.J., X.Z., C.L., T.H., P.C., D.L.); Mathematical and Statistical Computing Laboratory, Center for Information Technology, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (R.J., P.J.M.); Department of Computer Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey (B.O.); Department of Computer Engineering, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey (O.T.); Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA (L.A.C.); Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (J.B.M.); Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (C.S.F.); Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worchester (J.E.F.); Division of Cardiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (C.J.O'D.); and Departments of Statistics and of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin-Madison (S.K.).
authors.forename: Christopher J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: O'Donnell
authors.affiliation: From the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (C.Y., B.H.C., R.J., X.Z., C.L., T.H., L.A.C., C.S.F., P.C., C.J.O'D., D.L.); Population Sciences Branch, National Institutes of Health, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD (C.Y., B.H.C., R.J., X.Z., C.L., T.H., P.C., D.L.); Mathematical and Statistical Computing Laboratory, Center for Information Technology, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (R.J., P.J.M.); Department of Computer Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey (B.O.); Department of Computer Engineering, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey (O.T.); Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA (L.A.C.); Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (J.B.M.); Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (C.S.F.); Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worchester (J.E.F.); Division of Cardiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (C.J.O'D.); and Departments of Statistics and of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin-Madison (S.K.).
authors.forename: Peter J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Munson
authors.affiliation: From the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (C.Y., B.H.C., R.J., X.Z., C.L., T.H., L.A.C., C.S.F., P.C., C.J.O'D., D.L.); Population Sciences Branch, National Institutes of Health, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD (C.Y., B.H.C., R.J., X.Z., C.L., T.H., P.C., D.L.); Mathematical and Statistical Computing Laboratory, Center for Information Technology, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (R.J., P.J.M.); Department of Computer Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey (B.O.); Department of Computer Engineering, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey (O.T.); Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA (L.A.C.); Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (J.B.M.); Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (C.S.F.); Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worchester (J.E.F.); Division of Cardiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (C.J.O'D.); and Departments of Statistics and of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin-Madison (S.K.).
authors.forename: Sunduz
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Keles
authors.affiliation: From the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (C.Y., B.H.C., R.J., X.Z., C.L., T.H., L.A.C., C.S.F., P.C., C.J.O'D., D.L.); Population Sciences Branch, National Institutes of Health, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD (C.Y., B.H.C., R.J., X.Z., C.L., T.H., P.C., D.L.); Mathematical and Statistical Computing Laboratory, Center for Information Technology, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (R.J., P.J.M.); Department of Computer Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey (B.O.); Department of Computer Engineering, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey (O.T.); Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA (L.A.C.); Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (J.B.M.); Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (C.S.F.); Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worchester (J.E.F.); Division of Cardiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (C.J.O'D.); and Departments of Statistics and of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin-Madison (S.K.). LevyD@nih.gov.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Levy
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000235:genetics*; D002874:Chromosome Mapping; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000235:genetics; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression; D053263:Gene Regulatory Networks / Q000235:genetics*; D014644:Genetic Variation; D055106:Genome-Wide Association Study; D006801:Humans; D026563:LDL-Receptor Related Protein-Associated Protein / Q000235:genetics; D008075:Lipoproteins, HDL / Q000235:genetics; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL / Q000235:genetics; D008297:Male; D010641:Phenotype; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide / Q000235:genetics*; D040641:Quantitative Trait Loci / Q000235:genetics*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D026563:LDL-Receptor Related Protein-Associated Protein; D008075:Lipoproteins, HDL; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL
keywords: cardiovascular disease; gene expression/regulation network; genetic variation