title: Glaucoma screening in the Haitian Afro-Caribbean population of South Florida.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the presence of clinical signs consistent with suspected glaucoma in Haitian Afro-Caribbean individuals residing in South Florida who do not receive regular eye examinations.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective, cross-sectional study.
  
  
  METHODS
  
  
  
  METHODS
  Community health center in the Little Haiti district of Miami, Florida.
  
  
  METHODS
  We reviewed medical records and screening forms from five health screenings between October 2011 to October 2013 of 939 Afro-Caribbean individuals older than 18 years, who were never diagnosed with glaucoma or had an eye examination within the last ten years.
  
  
  METHODS
  Measurements of distance visual acuity (VA), intraocular eye pressure (IOP), central corneal thickness (CCT), cup-to-disc ratio (CDR), frequency doubling technology (FDT) perimeter visual field (VF).
  
  
  METHODS
  Proportion of glaucoma suspects, based on IOP greater than or equal to 24 mm Hg or CDR greater than or equal to 0.7 in either eye, and determinants of CDR and IOP.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hundred ninety-one (25.5%) of 750 patients were identified as glaucoma suspects. Glaucoma suspects were common in both the youngest and oldest age groups (<40 years, 20.9%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 17.9-23.9; >70 years, 25.0%; 95% CI, 21.8-28.2) and higher in men than women less than 70 years; the reverse was true after 70 years. Among all patients, mean IOP was 19.2±4.5 mmHg, mean CDR was 0.37±0.17, and mean CCT was 532±37.1 µm. In multiple linear stepwise regression analysis, determinates of increased CDR included increasing age (P = 0.004), lack of insurance (P = 0.019), and higher IOP (P<0.001), while increasing CDR (P<0.001) and thicker CCT (P<0.001) were associated with higher IOP.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This first glaucoma survey in a U.S. Haitian Afro-Caribbean population indicates glaucoma suspect status is high across all age groups, and suggests glaucoma monitoring in people less than 40 years of age is indicated in this population.
authors.affiliation: Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States of America.
authors.forename: Christine L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Bokman
authors.affiliation: Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America.
authors.forename: Louis R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Pasquale
authors.affiliation: Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States of America.
authors.forename: Richard K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Parrish
authors.affiliation: Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States of America.
authors.forename: Richard K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D005431:Florida; D005901:Glaucoma / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D006205:Haiti / Q000208:ethnology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening; D008875:Middle Aged; D014787:Vision Tests; D014792:Visual Acuity