title: Unraveling the seed endosperm proteome of the lotus (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.) utilizing 1DE and 2DE separation in conjunction with tandem mass spectrometry.
abstract: Nelumbo nucifera (Gaertn.) or lotus, is an aquatic plant native to India, and presently consumed as food mainly in China and Japan. Lotus is also widely used in Indian and Chinese traditional medicine. Extracts from different parts of the lotus plant have been reported to show diverse biological activities-antioxidant, free radical scavenging, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory. Despite this, little work has been done in isolating and identifying proteins responsible for these activities, or yet importantly to establish a lotus proteome. The aim of our group is to develop a proteome catalog of the lotus plant, starting with its seed, the nutrient rich food source. In this present study, the seed endosperm-most abundant in proteins, and main nutrient storage tissue-was targeted for protein extraction by testing five different extraction protocols, followed by their proteomic analyses using complementary 1DE and 2DE approaches in conjunction with MS/MS. The inventory of 66 nonredundant proteins obtained by 1DE-MS and the 30 obtained by 2DE-MS provides the first catalog of the lotus seed endosperm, where the most abundant protein functions were in categories of metabolic activities related to carbohydrate metabolism and nutrient storage.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Food Functionality, College of Agriculture, Ami, Ibaraki, Japan.
authors.forename: Carlo F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Moro
authors.affiliation: Plant Global Educational Project, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoichiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fukao
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy I, Showa University School of Medicine, Shinagawa, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Junko
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shibato
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy I, Showa University School of Medicine, Shinagawa, Tokyo, Japan.|Organization for Educational Initiatives, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.|Research Laboratory for Biotechnology and Biochemistry (RLABB), Kathmandu, Nepal.|GRADE Academy Private Limited, Adarsh Nagar, Birgunj, Nepal.
authors.forename: Randeep
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rakwal
authors.affiliation: Department of Ecology and Biology, University Tuscia, Piazzale Universita, Viterbo, Italy.
authors.forename: Anna Maria
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Timperio
authors.affiliation: Department of Ecology and Biology, University Tuscia, Piazzale Universita, Viterbo, Italy.
authors.forename: Lello
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zolla
authors.affiliation: Research Laboratory for Biotechnology and Biochemistry (RLABB), Kathmandu, Nepal.|GRADE Academy Private Limited, Adarsh Nagar, Birgunj, Nepal.
authors.forename: Ganesh Kumar
authors.initials: GK
authors.lastname: Agrawal
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy I, Showa University School of Medicine, Shinagawa, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Seiji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shioda
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Food Functionality, College of Agriculture, Ami, Ibaraki, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshiaki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kouzuma
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Food Functionality, College of Agriculture, Ami, Ibaraki, Japan.
authors.forename: Masami
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yonekura
mesh_terms: D030562:Databases, Protein; D015180:Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D056625:Endosperm / Q000378:metabolism*; D053858:Metabolic Networks and Pathways; D031653:Nelumbo / Q000378:metabolism*; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000302:isolation & purification; D020543:Proteome / Q000378:metabolism*; D040901:Proteomics; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D010940:Plant Proteins; D020543:Proteome
keywords: 1/2DE; LC-MS/MS; Lotus; Plant proteomics; Proteome analysis; Seed