title: Obtaining from grape pomace an enzymatic extract with anti-inflammatory properties.
abstract: Grape pomace, a winemaking industry by-product, is a rich source of bioactive dietary compounds. Using proteases we have developed an enzymatic process for obtaining a water-soluble extract (GP-EE) that contains biomolecules such as peptides, carbohydrates, lipids and polyphenols in soluble form. Of especial interest is its high polyphenol content (12%), of which 77% are flavonoids and 33% are phenolic acids. The present study evaluates in vitro the potential anti-inflammatory effect of GP-EE by monitoring the expression of inflammatory molecules on N13 microglia cells stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). GP-EE decreases the mRNA levels of the inflammatory molecules studied. The molecules under study were as follows: inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), tumor necrosis factor- α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), the ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule-1(Iba-1) and the Toll like receptor-4 (TLR-4), as well as the iNOS protein level in LPS-stimulated microglia. Our findings suggest that, as a result of its ability to regulate excessive microglial activation, GP-EE possesses anti-inflammatory properties. Therefore, acting as a chemopreventive agent, it may be of therapeutic interest in neurodegenerative diseases involving neuroinflammation. We can, therefore, propose GP-EE as a useful natural extract and one that would be beneficial to apply in the field of functional foods.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Sevillla, C/Profesor García González, 2, 41012, Sevilla, Spain.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Rodríguez-Morgado
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Candiracci
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Santa-María
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Revilla
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gordillo
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Parrado
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Castaño
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000737:chemistry*; D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D002460:Cell Line; D007249:Inflammation / Q000139:chemically induced; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008840:Microfilament Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D017628:Microglia / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000378:metabolism; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry*; D059808:Polyphenols / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000187:drug effects; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4 / Q000378:metabolism; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism; D027843:Vitis / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: C491049:Aif1 protein, mouse; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D008840:Microfilament Proteins; D010936:Plant Extracts; D059808:Polyphenols; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase