title: Genotoxicity in primary human peripheral lymphocytes after exposure to lithium titanate nanoparticles in vitro.
abstract: Lithium titanate (Li2TiO3) nanoparticles (LTT NPs; <100 nm) are widely used in battery technology, porcelain enamels, and ceramic insulating bodies. With the increased applications of LTT NPs, the concerns about their potential human toxicity effects and their environmental impact were also increased. However, toxicity data for LTT NPs relating to human health are very limited. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate whether LTT NPs are able to induce genetic damage in human peripheral lymphocytes in vitro when taking into consideration that DNA damage plays an important role in carcinogenesis. With this aim, the chromosome aberrations (CA), sister chromatid exchanges (SCE), and micronucleus (MN) assays were used as genotoxicity end points. Human peripheral lymphocytes obtained from five healthy male volunteers were exposed to LTT NPs at final dispersed concentrations ranging from 0 to 1000 μg/mL for 72 h at 37°C. The obtained results indicated that LTT NPs compound did not induce DNA damage in human peripheral lymphocytes as depicted by CA/cell, SCE/cell, and MN/1000 cell values in all concentrations tested. In summary, our results revealed that exposure to LTT NPs is not capable of inducing DNA lesions in human peripheral lymphocytes for the first time.
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Kafkas University, Kars, Turkey gbugraakbaba@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Giray B
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Akbaba
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey.
authors.forename: Hasan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Turkez
authors.affiliation: Advanced Materials Research Laboratory, Department of Nanoscience & Nanoengineering, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey.
authors.forename: Erdal
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sönmez
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey.
authors.forename: Abdulgani
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tatar
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, K. K. Education Faculty, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey.
authors.forename: Mehmet
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yilmaz
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002274:Carcinogens, Environmental / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002869:Chromosome Aberrations / Q000139:chemically induced; D018360:Crystallography, X-Ray; D006801:Humans; D008094:Lithium / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D018020:Lithium Compounds / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects*; D008297:Male; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D015162:Micronucleus Tests; D009152:Mutagenicity Tests; D009153:Mutagens / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D010316:Particle Size; D012854:Sister Chromatid Exchange / Q000187:drug effects; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D002274:Carcinogens, Environmental; D018020:Lithium Compounds; D009153:Mutagens; D008094:Lithium; D014025:Titanium
keywords: 
  in vitro
  ; DNA damage; Lithium titanate; human lymphocytes; nanoparticle