title: VEGF/VEGFR2 and PDGF-B/PDGFR-β expression in non-metastatic renal cell carcinoma: a retrospective study in 1,091 consecutive patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We aimed to investigate the correlations between the expression of VEGF, PDGF-B, and their receptors (VEGFR2 and PDGFR-β) with pathologic stage or cell type in non-metastatic renal cell carcinoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  VEGF, VEGFR2, PDGF-B, and PDGFR-β protein expression were evaluated immunohistochemically in prospectively collected 1,423 tumour samples obtained during radical or partial nephrectomy at a tertiary referral center. Intensity of expression was quantified on a scale of 0 to 3, and was compared among renal cell carcinoma cell types.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The study cohort consisted of 1,091 patients, of mean age 54 years, including 968 (88.7%) with clear cell, 82 (7.5%) with papillary, 31 (2.8%) with chromophobe, 4 (0.4%) with unclassified, and 6 (0.5%) with other types of renal cell carcinoma. VEGF expression increased with higher T and N stage and Fuhrman nuclear grade. PDGFR-β expression was highest in clear cell renal cell carcinoma, whereas VEGF and PDGF-B expression were highest in papillary renal cell carcinoma. After adjusting for T stage and Fuhrman nuclear grade using multivariate logistic regression analysis, VEGF (OR = 3.57, P < 0.001), VEGFR2 (OR = 1.82, P = 0.017), and PDGF-B (OR = 2.46, P = 0.019) expression were significantly greater in papillary than in clear cell type.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results indicate that the cytoplasmic expression of VEGF, VEGFR2, PDGF-B, and PDGFR-β in RCC tumour cells is different in various pathologic stage and cell type. Notably, VEGF and PDGF-B expression are higher in papillary than in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Further studies using quantitative measurement of proangiogenic factors in tumour cell are needed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine Pungnap-Dong 388-1, Songpa-Gu, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Sang Hoon
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine Pungnap-Dong 388-1, Songpa-Gu, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: In Gab
authors.initials: IG
authors.lastname: Jeong
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine Pungnap-Dong 388-1, Songpa-Gu, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Dalsan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: You
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine Pungnap-Dong 388-1, Songpa-Gu, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Jun Hyuk
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine Pungnap-Dong 388-1, Songpa-Gu, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Bumsik
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine Pungnap-Dong 388-1, Songpa-Gu, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Cheryn
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine Pungnap-Dong 388-1, Songpa-Gu, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Woon Yong
authors.initials: WY
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine Pungnap-Dong 388-1, Songpa-Gu, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Young Mee
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine Pungnap-Dong 388-1, Songpa-Gu, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Hanjong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ahn
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine Pungnap-Dong 388-1, Songpa-Gu, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Choung-Soo
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010982:Platelet-Derived Growth Factor / Q000378:metabolism*; D020797:Receptor, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor beta / Q000378:metabolism*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000378:metabolism*; D040301:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2 / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D010982:Platelet-Derived Growth Factor; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D020797:Receptor, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor beta; D040301:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2
keywords: Carcinoma; renal cell; vascular endothelial growth factor A; vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2