title: In vitro antioxidant and in vivo hepatoprotective effect on ethanol-mediated liver damage of spray dried Vernonia amygdalina water extract.
abstract: Vernonia amygdalina is a strong natural antioxidant that possessed various medicinal properties. In this study, the spray-dried water extract of V. amygdalina was evaluated for its in vitro antioxidant capacity and in vivo hepatoprotective effect against alcoholic-mediated liver damage. Total phenolic and flavonoid content of spray-dried V. amygdalina water extract were determined. Liver enzyme profiles, liver antioxidant level and nitric oxide level were evaluated in alcohol-induced liver injured mice or co-supplement with spray-dried V. amydalina. Water extract of spray-dried V. amygalina that contained phenolic content of 24.8±1.5 mg/g gallic acid equivalent and total flavonoid content of 25.7±1.3 mg/g catechin equivalent was able to inhibit 50% of xanthine and tyrosinase oxidation at 170 μg/ml and 2 mg/mL, respectively. On the other hand, extracts at both 10 and 50 mg/kg body weight were able to reduce the levels of Alanine transaminase (ALT), Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), Aspartate transaminase (AST), triglyceride and total bilirubin content inthe alcohol-mediated liver injury in mice. Furthermore, it also helped to increase levels of Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) and reduce the levels of Nitric oxide (NO) and Malondialdehyde (MDA) in the liver of the treated mice. These resultssuggestedthat water extract of spray-dried V. amygdalina exhibited liver protective effect, which could be contributed by its antioxidant properties.
authors.affiliation: School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Jalan Broga, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor Malaysia.
authors.forename: Wan Yong
authors.initials: WY
authors.lastname: Ho
authors.affiliation: Institute of Bioscience, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: SweeKeong
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yeap
authors.affiliation: Spektra Biotek SdnBhd, Lot 3726, Jalan Tembusu, Kampung Melayu Subang, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Woon San
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Boon Kee
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Beh
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: NurulElyani
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mohamad
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Noorjahan Banu
authors.initials: NB
authors.lastname: Alitheen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; D019610:Cytoprotection; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D000431:Ethanol; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008108:Liver Diseases, Alcoholic / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D010636:Phenols / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010946:Plants, Medicinal; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry*; D035741:Vernonia / Q000737:chemistry; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D015415:Biomarkers; D005419:Flavonoids; D010636:Phenols; D010936:Plant Extracts; D012997:Solvents; D014867:Water; D000431:Ethanol