title: Assessing the tongue colour of newly born infants may help to predict the need for supplemental oxygen in the delivery room.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  It takes several minutes for infants to become pink after birth. Preductal oxygen saturation (SpO2) measurements are used to guide the delivery of supplemental oxygen to newly born infants, but pulse oximetry is not available in many parts of the world. We explored whether the pinkness of an infant's tongue provided a useful indication that supplemental oxygen was required.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a prospective observational study of infants delivered by Caesarean section. Simultaneous recording of SpO2 and visual assessment of whether the tongue was pink or not was made at 1-7 and 10 min after birth.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 38 midwives and seven paediatric trainees carried out 271 paired assessments on 68 infants with a mean (SD) birthweight of 3214 (545) grams and gestational age of 38 (2) weeks. When the infant did not have a pink tongue, this predicted SpO2 of <70% with a sensitivity of 26% and a specificity of 96%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Tongue colour was a specific but insensitive sign that indicated when SpO2 was <70%. When the tongue is pink, it is likely that an infant has an SpO2 of more than 70% and does not require supplemental oxygen.
authors.affiliation: The Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia; The Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia; The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Dawson
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ekström
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Frisk
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Thio
authors.forename: C C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Roehr
authors.forename: C O F
authors.initials: CO
authors.lastname: Kamlin
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Donath
authors.forename: P G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Davis
mesh_terms: D003116:Color; D003696:Delivery Rooms; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D015997:Neonatal Screening / Q000379:methods*; D010102:Oxygen Inhalation Therapy; D011446:Prospective Studies; D014059:Tongue / Q000033:anatomy & histology*
keywords: Colour; Delivery room; Infant, Newborn; Pulse oximetry