title: Percutaneous cryoablation for inoperable malignant lung tumors: midterm results.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To retrospectively analyze the efficacy and short- to mid-term survival rate of cryoablation for malignant lung tumors.
  
  
  METHODS
  Percutaneous CT-guided cryoablation for 45 malignant lung tumors in 26 patients during 41 sessions from 2009 to 2013 were performed. Follow up CT-scan were used to determine local tumor progression. Survival rate, local tumor control rate and associated risk factors were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The immediate during and short-term complications with CTCAE grade 2 or upper include pneumothorax (15%), pleural effusion (20%), pulmonary hemorrhage (24%), pneumonitis (15%), hemothorax (15%), hemoptysis (10%), pain (20%), bronchopleural fistula (n=1), and empyema (n=2). Life-threatening bleeding or hemodynamic instability was not observed. There was no procedural-related mortality. Overall survival rate of 1, 2, 3 years are 96%, 88%, 88%. For curative intent, local tumor control (LTC) rate of 1, 2, 3 years are 75%, 72%, 72%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cryoablation for malignant lung tumors is effective and feasible in local control of tumor growth, with good short- to mid-term survival rate, as an alternative option for inoperable patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No. 201, Sec. 2, Shipai Rd., Taipei 11217, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Hsiao-Ping
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Chou
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No. 201, Sec. 2, Shipai Rd., Taipei 11217, Taiwan; Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, No. 155, Sec. 2, Linong St., Taipei 11221, Taiwan; School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Hospital and Health Care Administration, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan. Electronic address: ckchen@vghtpe.gov.tw.
authors.forename: Chun-Ku
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No. 201, Sec. 2, Shipai Rd., Taipei 11217, Taiwan; Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, No. 155, Sec. 2, Linong St., Taipei 11221, Taiwan; School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Public Health, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Shu-Huei
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No. 201, Sec. 2, Shipai Rd., Taipei 11217, Taiwan; Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, No. 155, Sec. 2, Linong St., Taipei 11221, Taiwan; School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Ming-Huei
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Sheu
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No. 201, Sec. 2, Shipai Rd., Taipei 11217, Taiwan; Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, No. 155, Sec. 2, Linong St., Taipei 11221, Taiwan; School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Mei-Han
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, No. 155, Sec. 2, Linong St., Taipei 11221, Taiwan; School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yu-Chung
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No. 201, Sec. 2, Shipai Rd., Taipei 11217, Taiwan; Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, No. 155, Sec. 2, Linong St., Taipei 11221, Taiwan; School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Cheng-Yen
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Chang
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001983:Bronchial Fistula / Q000453:epidemiology; D003452:Cryosurgery / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D016724:Empyema, Pleural / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006469:Hemoptysis / Q000453:epidemiology; D006491:Hemothorax / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010146:Pain / Q000453:epidemiology; D010996:Pleural Effusion; D011014:Pneumonia; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: Ablation; Cryoablation; Cryotherapy; Image-guided; Lung tumors