title: Final Gleason score prediction using discriminant analysis and support vector machine based on preoperative multiparametric MR imaging of prostate cancer at 3T.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed at evaluating linear discriminant analysis (LDA) and support vector machine (SVM) classifiers for estimating final Gleason score preoperatively using multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mp-MRI) and clinical parameters.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-three patients who underwent mp-MRI on a 3T clinical MR scanner and radical prostatectomy were enrolled in this study. The input features for classifiers were age, the presence of a palpable prostate abnormality, prostate specific antigen (PSA) level, index lesion size, and Likert scales of T2 weighted MRI (T2w-MRI), diffusion weighted MRI (DW-MRI), and dynamic contrast enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) estimated by an experienced radiologist. SVM based recursive feature elimination (SVM-RFE) was used for eliminating features. Principal component analysis (PCA) was applied for data uncorrelation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Using a standard PCA before final Gleason score classification resulted in mean sensitivities of 51.19% and 64.37% and mean specificities of 72.71% and 39.90% for LDA and SVM, respectively. Using a Gaussian kernel PCA resulted in mean sensitivities of 86.51% and 87.88% and mean specificities of 63.99% and 56.83% for LDA and SVM, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SVM classifier resulted in a slightly higher sensitivity but a lower specificity than LDA method for final Gleason score prediction for prostate cancer for this limited patient population.
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Yeditepe University, İnönü Mah., Kayışdağı Cad, 26 Ağustos Yerleşimi, Ataşehir, 34755 Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Fusun
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Citak-Er
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, VKF American Hospital, 34365 Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Metin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vural
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, VKF American Hospital, 34365 Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Omer
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Acar
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, VKF American Hospital, 34365 Istanbul, Turkey ; School of Medicine, Koç University, 34450 Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Tarik
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Esen
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, VKF American Hospital, 34365 Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Aslihan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Onay
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Engineering Institute, Boğaziçi University, Rasathane Cad, Kandilli Campus, Kandilli Mah., 34684 Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Esin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ozturk-Isik
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D038524:Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D016002:Discriminant Analysis; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D060787:Neoplasm Grading; D011467:Prostate / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood; D011468:Prostatectomy; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000097:blood* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D011859:Radiography; D060388:Support Vector Machine
chemical_list: D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen