title: Human rhinovirus serotypes in the nasal washes and mucosa of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) can be aggravated by viral upper respiratory infections. We aimed to investigate whether any specific human rhinovirus (HRV) serotype is more common in the mucosa of CRS patients, and to find any defining clinical characteristics, according to the various HRV serotypes.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective case-control study was conducted to determine HRV serotypes in 111 CRS patients and 51 non-CRS controls. No participant had a history of upper respiratory infection over a 4-week period. Nasal lavage fluids and turbinate epithelial cells were collected prospectively. When HRV was detected with multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR), strains were further characterized by sequencing the VP4/VP2 region of the HRV genome.
  
  
  RESULTS
  HRV was detected in 40 CRS subjects (36%) and 11 non-CRS controls (21%). The overall detection rates of HRV in CRS patients were higher than in non-CRS controls (p < 0.05). Of the 8 serotypes detected in CRS patients, 5 belonged to HRV-A and 3 belonged to HRV-B; HRV-C was not detected. In non-CRS controls, only HRV-A was identified, with only 2 serotypes detected (HRV-A13 and HRV-A16). HRV-B and C were not detected.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The high prevalence of HRV in CRS patients was confirmed in our study. However, we were unable to determine whether certain HRV serotypes are more predominant in CRS patients than non-CRS controls. HRV-A13 was the most common serotype in both CRS patients and non-CRS controls. We could not find any differences in the clinical characteristics according to the HRV serotypes in CRS patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Sung Bu
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Jong Sook
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Yi
authors.forename: Bong-Jae
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Chang-Hoon
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Gong
authors.forename: Nam Hee
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Chul Hyun
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Joo
authors.forename: Yong Ju
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Jang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002908:Chronic Disease; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D017817:Nasal Lavage Fluid / Q000821:virology*; D009297:Nasal Mucosa / Q000821:virology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012220:Rhinitis / Q000821:virology*; D012229:Rhinovirus / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D065288:Serogroup; D012852:Sinusitis / Q000821:virology*
keywords: chronic rhinosinusitis; human rhinovirus; mucosal scraping; nasal washes; sequencing; serotypes