title: Normative adductor squeeze tests scores in rugby.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Groin pain is a common problem. Adductor squeeze tests are used to diagnose, monitor and prophylactically determine the risk of developing groin pain. This study defines normative adductor squeeze scores in professional rugby that will facilitate strength monitoring during screening.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using a sphygnamometer, squeeze scores were collected, at one professional rugby club as part of the pre-season screening for two seasons. Scores were collected in four positions. For all positions mean strength and 95% confidence intervals were calculated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Data were collected for 81 athletes. Mean strength for adduction at 60° was 220.1 (212.2-228.1); 0° 211.1 (201.7-220.5); 90°90° 198.8 (190.0-207.7); 90°90° supported 224.9 (214.9-234.9). Backs had lower squeeze scores than forwards for 0°, 90°:90° and 90°:90° supported (p > 0.05 for all four tests); older players had lower scores, as did shorter and lighter players (p > 0.05 except for height with test 60° p = 0.048 and test 90°:90° supported p = 0.035).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study establishes references ranges for adductor squeeze tests for normative pre-season data in non-injured rugby players. This information will enable evaluation and inform return to play judgements following adductor related injury.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Sports Medicine, Division of Accident & Orthopedic Surgery, University of Nottingham, QMC, Nottingham, UK. Electronic address: lisa.hodgson@nottingham.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hodgson
authors.affiliation: Division of Accident & Orthopedic Surgery, University of Nottingham, QMC, Nottingham, UK.
authors.forename: Tom
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hignett
authors.affiliation: Centre for Sports Medicine, University of Nottinhgam, QMC, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK.
authors.forename: Kim
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Edwards
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000886:Anthropometry; D056352:Athletes; D005538:Football / Q000502:physiology*; D006119:Groin / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D035002:Lower Extremity / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D053580:Muscle Strength / Q000502:physiology*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology*; D056888:Patient Positioning; D010808:Physical Examination; D012016:Reference Values
keywords: Groin; Normative reference values; Rugby; Sphygnamometer adductor squeeze test scores