title: Social and Demographic Factors Influencing Inferior Vena Cava Filter Retrieval at a Single Institution in the United States.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Retrievable inferior vena cava filters (IVCFs) are associated with long-term adverse events that have increased interest in improving filter retrieval rates. Determining the influential patient social and demographic factors affecting IVCF retrieval is important to personalize patient management strategies and attain optimal patient care.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seven-hundred and sixty-two patients were retrospectively studied who had a filter placed at our institution between January 2011 and November 2013. Age, gender, race, cancer history, distance to residence from retrieval institution, and insurance status were identified for each patient, and those receiving retrievable IVCFs were further evaluated for retrieval rate and time to retrieval.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 762 filters placed, 133 were permanent filters. Of the 629 retrievable filters placed, 406 met the inclusion criteria and were eligible for retrieval. Results revealed patients with Medicare were less likely to have their filters retrieved (p = 0.031). Older age was also associated with a lower likelihood of retrieval (p < 0.001) as was living further from the medical center (p = 0.027). Patients who were white and had Medicare were more likely than similarly insured black patients to have their filters retrieved (p = 0.024).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The retrieval rate of IVCFs was most influenced by insurance status, distance from the medical center, and age. Race was statistically significant only when combined with insurance status. The results of this study suggest that these patient groups may need closer follow-up in order to obtain optimal IVCF retrieval rates.
authors.affiliation: Division of Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, 395 W 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA. csmith@aemrc.arizona.edu.
authors.forename: S Christian
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.affiliation: Division of Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, 395 W 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA. Candace.Shanks@osumc.edu.
authors.forename: Candace
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Shanks
authors.affiliation: Division of Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, 395 W 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA. Gregory.Guy@osumc.edu.
authors.forename: Gregory
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Guy
authors.affiliation: Division of Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, 395 W 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA. Xiangyu.Yang@osumc.edu.
authors.forename: Xiangyu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Division of Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, 395 W 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA. Joshua.Dowell@osumc.edu.
authors.forename: Joshua D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Dowell
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003710:Demography / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D020878:Device Removal / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006297:Health Services Accessibility / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D007348:Insurance, Health / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008297:Male; D006278:Medicare / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008875:Middle Aged; D044469:Racial Groups / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014481:United States; D016306:Vena Cava Filters / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Clinic; Demographics; IVC filter; Retrieval