title: Effects of an inverted seated position on single and sustained isometric contractions and cardiovascular parameters of trained individuals.
abstract: Previous research demonstrated higher maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) force with upright vs. inverted positions in untrained individuals. The purpose was to determine the effects of inversion on force, activation, and cardiovascular responses before and following fatigue in trained individuals. Twelve male athletes completed two trials: upright and inverted seated positions. At baseline (upright), either leg extension (LE) or elbow flexion (EF) evoked contractile properties and MVCs were performed. LE and EF contractions were randomly allocated and performed in separate sessions. The subject was then positioned for 150s in each posture, followed by a 30s MVC (MVC30). During each trial, stroke volume (SV), cardiac output (Q), heart rate (HR), time and frequency domain HR variability measures and mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) measurements were recorded. ANOVA showed no statistical differences in EF MVC force, but a tendency (p=.12) for LE MVC decline with inversion vs. upright. Evoked resting (p=.1) and potentiated peak twitch (p=.04) force were increased with inverted LE but tended to diminish with inverted EF (p=.06 and p=.1). Force-fatigue, electromyography-fatigue relationships and HR variability during MVC30 fatigue were not affected. HR and Q were significantly (p=.01) lower with inversion following both LE and EF fatigue. Compared to the significant inversion-induced changes associated with untrained individuals in previously published studies, the lack of postural changes in resting force and CV measures may demonstrate that highly trained individuals adapt better to inversion.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Kinesiology and Health Studies, University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada.
authors.forename: J Patrick
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Neary
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Kinesiology and Health Studies, University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada.
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Salmon
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Kinesiology and Health Studies, University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada.
authors.forename: Barclay K
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Dahlstrom
authors.affiliation: School of Human Kinetics and Recreation, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada.
authors.forename: Erica J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Casey
authors.affiliation: School of Human Kinetics and Recreation, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada. Electronic address: dbehm@mun.ca.
authors.forename: David G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Behm
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D056352:Athletes; D002319:Cardiovascular System; D004550:Elbow / Q000502:physiology*; D004576:Electromyography; D005221:Fatigue; D006339:Heart Rate; D006801:Humans; D007537:Isometric Contraction; D008297:Male; D009068:Movement; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000502:physiology; D018763:Muscle Fatigue / Q000502:physiology; D011187:Posture; D011897:Random Allocation; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Cardiac output; Fatigue; Force; Heart rate; Inversion; Tilt