title: Protective effects of thymol against nephrotoxicity induced by cisplatin with using 99mTc-DMSA in mice.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In this study, we investigated the protective effect of thymol as a natural compound against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity by quantitative renal 99mTc-DMSA uptake and compared its effect with histopathology in mice.
  
  
  METHODS
  Mice were divided into six groups as control, cisplatin (7.5 mg/kg, intraperitoneally), thymol+cisplatin (thymol; 50 and 150 mg/kg+cisplatin; 7.5 mg/kg) and thymol (50 and 150 mg/kg). Thymol was orally administrated for two days before cisplatin injection and continued for 4 days. (99m)Tc-DMSA was injected through the tail of mice after the drug administration. The percentage of the injected dose per gram of kidney tissue (%ID/g) was calculated. In other experiment, kidneys of treated mice were assessed for histopathology.
  
  
  RESULTS
  99mTc-DMSA uptake per gram tissue of the kidneys as %ID/g was 85.27±21.81, 45.55±5.50, 65.02±32.21 and 88.46±20.46 in the control, cisplatin, thymol (50 mg/kg)+cisplatin and thymol (150 mg/kg)+cisplatin. Thymol administration with cisplatin resulted in a significant increase in the level of %ID/g. Histopathological examinations showed a protective effect of thymol against cisplatin nephrotoxicity in mice.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results showed that thymol significantly attenuates the cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in mice, and 99mTc-DMSA uptake in kidney is a suitable method for assessment of nephrotoxicity in mice.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Traditional and Complementary Medicine Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences , Sari , Iran .
authors.forename: Seyed Jalal
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Hosseinimehr
authors.forename: Reza
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Asadian
authors.forename: Farshad
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Naghshvar
authors.forename: Soheil
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Azizi
authors.forename: Mehdi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jafarinejad
authors.forename: Zohreh
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Noaparast
authors.forename: Seyed Mohammad
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Abedi
authors.forename: Seyed Amir Hossein
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Hosseini
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018906:Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000633:toxicity; D003404:Creatinine / Q000032:analysis; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D007668:Kidney / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D020011:Protective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D011877:Radionuclide Imaging; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals / Q000494:pharmacology; D019783:Technetium Tc 99m Dimercaptosuccinic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013943:Thymol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D018906:Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating; D000975:Antioxidants; D020011:Protective Agents; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D013943:Thymol; D019783:Technetium Tc 99m Dimercaptosuccinic Acid; D003404:Creatinine; D002945:Cisplatin
keywords: 99mTc-DMSA; kidney; nephrotoxicity; renoprotective; thymol