title: Risk factors for late dysphagia after (chemo)radiotherapy for head and neck cancer: A systematic methodological review.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The purpose of this systematic review was to identify the risk factors for late dysphagia in patients with head and neck cancer after (chemo)radiotherapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  The review was performed using search strategies, including PubMed, the Cochrane Library, and Embase databases. The effects of studies were combined with the study quality score using a best-evidence synthesis model.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty observational studies were evaluated. According to the best-evidence synthesis criteria, there were 2 strong-evidence risk factors for late dysphagia, including the use of chemoradiotherapy (CRT) and the presence of hypopharyngeal carcinoma. We also identified 8 moderate-evidence, 17 limited-evidence, and 1 conflicting-evidence risk factors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although there is no conclusive evidence for dysphagia in patients with head and neck cancer after (chemo)radiotherapy, these data provide evidence to guide clinicians in patients who will have late dysphagia and to choose an optimal prophylactic strategy.
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, Tianjin Medical University, Observatory Road, Heping District, Tianjin, China.
authors.forename: Nan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, Tianjin Medical University, Observatory Road, Heping District, Tianjin, China.
authors.forename: Li-Juan
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, Tianjin Medical University, Observatory Road, Heping District, Tianjin, China.
authors.forename: Li-Ya
authors.initials: LY
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, Tianjin Medical University, Observatory Road, Heping District, Tianjin, China.
authors.forename: Yue
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: David W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Eisele
mesh_terms: D059248:Chemoradiotherapy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003680:Deglutition Disorders / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors
keywords: (chemo)radiotherapy; dysphagia; head and neck cancer; risk factor; systematic review