title: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors family is involved in the response to treatment and mild clinical course in patients with ulcerative colitis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  PPARs play an important role in the regulation of intestinal inflammation.
  
  
  METHODS
  We included a total of 46 UC patients and 31 controls. The gene expression of PPARs was measured by RT-PCR and protein expression by immunohistochemistry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  PPARα gene expression was significantly decreased in patients with active UC compared with remission UC group (P = 0.001) and controls (P = 0.001). We found that low gene expression of PPARα in mucosa confers a higher risk of UC activity (P ≤ 0.0001, OR = 22.6). We observed an increase of PPARα expression in patients with UC who were treated with 5-aminosalicylates compared with those who received any other combined therapy (P = 0.03, OR = 0.08). PPARγ gene expression was decreased in the active UC group compared with UC in remission (P = 0.001) and control group (P = 0.001). An increased expression of PPARγ gene was associated with mild clinical course of the disease (P ≤ 0.001, OR = 0.05). No gene expression of PPARβ/δ was found in the colonic mucosa from UC patients and controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that patients with high gene expression of PPARs have a better response to medical treatment and a mild clinical course of the disease.
authors.affiliation: Inflammatory Bowel Disease Clinic, Department of Gastroenterology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición, Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga No. 15, Colonia Sección XVI, 14000 Mexico City, Mexico.
authors.forename: J K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Yamamoto-Furusho
authors.affiliation: Inflammatory Bowel Disease Clinic, Department of Gastroenterology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición, Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga No. 15, Colonia Sección XVI, 14000 Mexico City, Mexico.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jacintez-Cazares
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición, Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga No. 15, Colonia Sección XVI, 14000 Mexico City, Mexico.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Furuzawa-Carballeda
authors.affiliation: Inflammatory Bowel Disease Clinic, Department of Gastroenterology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición, Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga No. 15, Colonia Sección XVI, 14000 Mexico City, Mexico.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Fonseca-Camarillo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003093:Colitis, Ulcerative / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism*; D003106:Colon / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D019804:Mesalamine / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D047493:PPAR alpha / Q000378:metabolism*; D047495:PPAR gamma / Q000378:metabolism*; D048068:PPAR-beta / Q000378:metabolism*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D047493:PPAR alpha; D047495:PPAR gamma; D048068:PPAR-beta; D019804:Mesalamine