title: Brain-controlled applications using dynamic P300 speller matrices.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Access to the world wide web and multimedia content is an important aspect of life. We present a web browser and a multimedia user interface adapted for control with a brain-computer interface (BCI) which can be used by severely motor impaired persons.
  
  
  METHODS
  The web browser dynamically determines the most efficient P300 BCI matrix size to select the links on the current website. This enables control of the web browser with fewer commands and smaller matrices. The multimedia player was based on an existing software. Both applications were evaluated with a sample of ten healthy participants and three end-users. All participants used a visual P300 BCI with face-stimuli for control.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The healthy participants completed the multimedia player task with 90% accuracy and the web browsing task with 85% accuracy. The end-users completed the tasks with 62% and 58% accuracy. All healthy participants and two out of three end-users reported that they felt to be in control of the system.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this study we presented a multimedia application and an efficient web browser implemented for control with a BCI.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both applications provide access to important areas of modern information retrieval and entertainment.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Psychology, University of Würzburg, Marcusstr. 9-11, 97070 Würzburg, Germany. Electronic address: sebastian.halder@uni-wuerzburg.de.
authors.forename: Sebastian
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Halder
authors.affiliation: Institute for Knowledge Discovery, Graz University of Technology, Inffeldgasse 13/4, 8010 Graz, Austria.
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pinegger
authors.affiliation: Institute of Psychology, University of Würzburg, Marcusstr. 9-11, 97070 Würzburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Ivo
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Käthner
authors.affiliation: Institute for Knowledge Discovery, Graz University of Technology, Inffeldgasse 13/4, 8010 Graz, Austria.
authors.forename: Selina C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Wriessnegger
authors.affiliation: Institute for Knowledge Discovery, Graz University of Technology, Inffeldgasse 13/4, 8010 Graz, Austria.
authors.forename: Josef
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Faller
authors.affiliation: Institute of Psychology, University of Würzburg, Marcusstr. 9-11, 97070 Würzburg, Germany.
authors.forename: João B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Pires Antunes
authors.affiliation: Institute for Knowledge Discovery, Graz University of Technology, Inffeldgasse 13/4, 8010 Graz, Austria.
authors.forename: Gernot R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Müller-Putz
authors.affiliation: Institute of Psychology, University of Würzburg, Marcusstr. 9-11, 97070 Würzburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kübler
mesh_terms: D001921:Brain / Q000503:physiopathology*; D062207:Brain-Computer Interfaces; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D006233:Persons with Disabilities / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D004867:Equipment Design; D018913:Event-Related Potentials, P300; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009043:Motor Activity; D000068079:Motor Disorders / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D011930:Reaction Time; D012656:Self-Help Devices; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013997:Time Factors; D014584:User-Computer Interface; D064878:Web Browser; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Assistive technology; Brain-computer interface; Motor impairment