title: Strategies for inhibitor treatment and costs in the short and long term: a critical evaluation of recent clinical studies.
abstract: One important complication of patients with severe haemophilia A is the formation of inhibitory antibodies to factor VIII (FVIII). Immune tolerance induction (ITI) is the treatment of choice for patients with inhibitors, but this approach is successful in about 60% of patients. Treatment of acute bleeding in patients with inhibitors is one of the greatest challenges in haemophilia management and is costly. Bypassing agents are the mainstay of treatment in these patients. The aims of this study were to review the most recent publications concerning the costs of inhibitor treatment. We conducted a literature review using PubMed which yielded 63 papers analysing the costs of inhibitor management of which 12 were suitable for our study. Four of eight studies supported the use of activated prothrombin complex concentrate (aPCC) with lower costs, but the remaining four studies showed that recombinant factor VIIa (rFVIIa) had a lower average treatment cost. Of four ITI studies, two supported lifelong cost-effectiveness of ITI vs. bypassing agents and the remaining two papers showed a high cost of inhibitor treatment. Dosages, time between onset of bleeding and treatment, patient characteristics and the price of drugs are some of the important issues that should be considered for further studies.
authors.affiliation: Comprehensive Hemophilia Care Center, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad Reza
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Baghaipour
authors.forename: Katarina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Steen Carlsson
mesh_terms: D000906:Antibodies / Q000097:blood*; D001779:Blood Coagulation Factors / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000191:economics* / Q000276:immunology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D005169:Factor VIII / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000191:economics* / Q000276:immunology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017048:Health Care Costs; D006467:Hemophilia A / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000191:economics* / Q000276:immunology; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000191:economics* / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007108:Immune Tolerance; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000906:Antibodies; D001779:Blood Coagulation Factors; C025667:prothrombin complex concentrates; D005169:Factor VIII
keywords: bypassing agents; clinical studies; costs; haemophilia; inhibitors