title: Small bowel volvulus in mid and late pregnancy: can early diagnosis be established to avoid catastrophic outcomes?
abstract: Volvulus in pregnancy is rare and difficult to diagnose. Delayed diagnosis would result in high maternal and fetal mortality. Here we present an unusual case of small bowel volvulus in late pregnancy timely managed by emergency Cesarean section and derotation with excellent maternal and fetal outcomes. Volvulus should be considered in patients complaining ongoing abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, constipation even diarrhea. Imaging is essential for early and precise diagnosis, including plain abdominal film, MRI and/or ultrasound. Once highly suspected or diagnosed of volvulus or ileus, emergency laparotomy should be performed immediately to avoid catastrophic outcomes, because the maternal and fetal prognosis is dependent on the interval from volvulus to operation apart from the degree of volvulus.
authors.affiliation: Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University Shanghai, P. R. China ; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases Shanghai, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Qing
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Cong
authors.affiliation: Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University Shanghai, P. R. China ; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases Shanghai, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Xilian
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University Shanghai, P. R. China ; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases Shanghai, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Xuping
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.affiliation: Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University Shanghai, P. R. China ; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases Shanghai, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University Shanghai, P. R. China ; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases Shanghai, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University Shanghai, P. R. China ; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases Shanghai, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Zhigang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University Shanghai, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Weiqi
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University Shanghai, P. R. China ; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases Shanghai, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Huan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Xu
keywords: Small bowel volvulus; early diagnosis; pregnancy