title: Fabrication of novel Si-doped hydroxyapatite/gelatine scaffolds by rapid prototyping for drug delivery and bone regeneration.
abstract: Porous 3-D scaffolds consisting of gelatine and Si-doped hydroxyapatite were fabricated at room temperature by rapid prototyping. Microscopic characterization revealed a highly homogeneous structure, showing the pre-designed porosity (macroporosity) and a lesser in-rod porosity (microporosity). The mechanical properties of such scaffolds are close to those of trabecular bone of the same density. The biological behavior of these hybrid scaffolds is greater than that of pure ceramic scaffolds without gelatine, increasing pre-osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cell differentiation (matrix mineralization and gene expression). Since the fabrication process of these structures was carried out at mild conditions, an antibiotic (vancomycin) was incorporated in the slurry before the extrusion of the structures. The release profile of this antibiotic was measured in phosphate-buffered saline solution by high-performance liquid chromatography and was adjusted to a first-order release kinetics. Vancomycin released from the material was also shown to inhibit bacterial growth in vitro. The implications of these results for bone tissue engineering applications are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Química Inorgánica y Bioinorgánica, Facultad de Farmacia, UCM, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre i+12, 28040 Madrid, Spain; Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: F J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Martínez-Vázquez
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Química Inorgánica y Bioinorgánica, Facultad de Farmacia, UCM, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre i+12, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: M V
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Cabañas
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Química Inorgánica y Bioinorgánica, Facultad de Farmacia, UCM, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre i+12, 28040 Madrid, Spain; Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Paris
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Química Inorgánica y Bioinorgánica, Facultad de Farmacia, UCM, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre i+12, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lozano
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Química Inorgánica y Bioinorgánica, Facultad de Farmacia, UCM, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre i+12, 28040 Madrid, Spain; Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain. Electronic address: vallet@ucm.es.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vallet-Regí
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D001861:Bone Regeneration / Q000187:drug effects; D002460:Cell Line; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems / Q000379:methods*; D017886:Durapatite / Q000737:chemistry*; D005780:Gelatin / Q000737:chemistry*; D057927:Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; D008422:Materials Testing; D051379:Mice; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D010316:Particle Size; D016062:Porosity; D012825:Silicon / Q000737:chemistry*; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D034421:Sus scrofa; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds / Q000737:chemistry*; D014640:Vancomycin / Q000494:pharmacology; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D014640:Vancomycin; D005780:Gelatin; D017886:Durapatite; D012825:Silicon
keywords: Composite scaffolds; Hierarchical porosity; Three-dimensional printing; Tissue engineering; Vancomycin