title: Effect of Training Intensity on Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Training intensity may play a key role in magnifying the protective effect of physical exercise against nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to test the hypothesis that vigorous-intensity and interval training is as effective as moderate-intensity and continuous exercise training on NAFLD in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice.
  
  
  METHODS
  C57BL/6 mice (N = 40) were fed a standard-chow diet (n = 10) or HFD (n = 30) for 16 wk. After the initial 8-wk dietary treatments, HFD mice were further divided into HFD only (n = 10), HFD plus vigorous-intensity and interval treadmill running (VIT) (n = 10), and HFD plus moderate-intensity and continuous treadmill running (MIT) (n = 10) for the remaining 8-wk period.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Chronic exposure to HFD resulted in hepatic steatosis in conjunction with an obese and impaired glucose tolerance condition characterized by dyslipidemia, hyperinsulinemia elevated markers for the liver damage, and hypoadiponectinemia. Although VIT and MIT alleviated the NAFLD conditions, the former was more effective at alleviating hepatic steatosis than the latter. The intensity-dependent benefit of exercise training against hepatic steatosis was associated with greater activation of VIT on hepatic AMP-mediated protein kinase in conjunction with greater suppressive effect of VIT on hypoadiponectinemia, downregulation of the Adiponectin receptor 2 signaling pathway, and upregulation of the NF-κB signaling pathway in the liver.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The current findings suggest that VIT is an alternative way of exercise training to combat hepatic steatosis associated with an obese and impaired glucose tolerance phenotype.
authors.affiliation: 1College of Sport Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, REPUBLIC OF KOREA; 2College of Engineering, Sangmyung University, Cheonan, REPUBLIC OF KOREA; and 3Division of Humanities and Social Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, REPUBLIC OF KOREA.
authors.forename: Jinkyung
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: Shinuk
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Shinho
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Hyunsik
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kang
mesh_terms: D052242:Adiponectin / Q000097:blood; D000818:Animals; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D065626:Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D010805:Physical Conditioning, Animal / Q000379:methods / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D052242:Adiponectin