title: Characterization of tweety gene (ttyh1-3) expression in Xenopus laevis during embryonic development.
abstract: The tweety family of genes encodes large-conductance chloride channels and has been implicated in a wide array of cellular processes including cell division, cell adhesion, regulation of calcium activity, and tumorigenesis, particularly in neuronal cells. However, their expression patterns during early development remain largely unknown. Here, we describe the spatial and temporal patterning of ttyh1, ttyh2, and ttyh3 in Xenopus laevis during early embryonic development. Ttyh1 and ttyh3 are initially expressed at the late neurula stage are and primarily localized to the developing nervous system; however ttyh1 and ttyh3 both show transient expression in the somites. By swimming tadpole stages, all three genes are expressed in the brain, spinal cord, eye, and cranial ganglia. While ttyh1 is restricted to proliferative, ventricular zones, ttyh3 is primarily localized to postmitotic regions of the developing nervous system. Ttyh2, however, is strongly expressed in cranial ganglia V, VII, IX and X. The differing temporal and spatial expression patterns of ttyh1, ttyh2, and ttyh3 suggest that they may play distinct roles throughout embryonic development.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Integrated Science Center, The College of William and Mary, 540 Landrum Drive, Williamsburg, VA 23185, United States.
authors.forename: Andrew D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Halleran
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Integrated Science Center, The College of William and Mary, 540 Landrum Drive, Williamsburg, VA 23185, United States.
authors.forename: Morgan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sehdev
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Integrated Science Center, The College of William and Mary, 540 Landrum Drive, Williamsburg, VA 23185, United States.
authors.forename: Brian A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Rabe
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Integrated Science Center, The College of William and Mary, 540 Landrum Drive, Williamsburg, VA 23185, United States.
authors.forename: Ryan W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Huyck
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Integrated Science Center, The College of William and Mary, 540 Landrum Drive, Williamsburg, VA 23185, United States.
authors.forename: Cheyenne C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Integrated Science Center, The College of William and Mary, 540 Landrum Drive, Williamsburg, VA 23185, United States.
authors.forename: Margaret S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Saha
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D001921:Brain / Q000196:embryology / Q000378:metabolism; D018118:Chloride Channels / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D019170:Somites / Q000378:metabolism; D029867:Xenopus Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D014982:Xenopus laevis / Q000196:embryology*
chemical_list: D018118:Chloride Channels; C000602196:Ttyh1 protein, Xenopus; C000602197:Ttyh2 protein, Xenopus; C000602198:Ttyh3 protein, Xenopus; D029867:Xenopus Proteins
keywords: Embryo; Nervous system; Xenopus; ttyh1; ttyh2; ttyh3; tweety