title: Erectile dysfunction among male hypertensives in a tertiary health facility in South-West Nigeria.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Erectile dysfunction (ED) has been associated with hypertension and some other chronic diseases. There are few studies on ED in Nigerian male hypertensives and ED appears to be under-reported. We sought to determine the prevalence of ED among hypertensive and normotensive men and to assess the association of demographics, hypertension, antihypertensive medications and other risk factors with erectile function.
  
  
  METHODS
  A comparative cross sectional study was conducted among male adult hypertensive and normotensive patients attending the outpatient clinic of a tertiary hospital in South-West Nigeria. A systematic random sampling method was employed for the selection of respondents. Participants were interviewed using a semi-structured questionnaire to document socio-demographic data, medical history, social history and degree of ED. Demographic and anthropometric characteristics was obtained from all participants. The International Index of Sexual Health Inventory for men (SHIM) was used to determine the presence and severity of ED. Association between categorical independent variables and erectile function were tested using Chi square and the predictors of erectile dysfunction determined with binary logistic regression model at 5% level of significance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 202 male patients completed the study (101 with established hypertension and 101 normotensives who served as comparative group). The mean age of the respondents was 49.74 ± 16.6 years. A total of 133 (65.8%) respondents had ED in varying severities while 34.2% had normal erectile function. Mild to moderate ED occurred in 29.7% while 36.1% had severe ED. On bivariate analysis, prevalence of ED was higher among hypertensives (75%) than normotensives (56.9%) and this was statistically significant, p = 0.007. On multivariate analysis, the only significant risk factor for ED was age. The elderly aged ? 65 years (OR: 2.9; 95% CI: 1.03-8.35; p = 0.04) and those aged 46-64 years (OR: 2.9; 95% CI: 1.38-6.53; p = 0.006) were 3 times each more likely to have erectile dysfunction compared with those aged ? 45 years.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study revealed that erectile dysfunction was prevalent in both hypertensive and normotensive population studied and that this was significantly worse with increasing age. A higher proportion of hypertensives compared to normotensives had erectile dysfunction. We recommend that all men presenting to a physician should have routine evaluation for ED so as to recognise it early and reduce its effects.
authors.forename: Akinbode Samuel
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Fafiolu
authors.forename: Ayodeji Matthew
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Adebayo
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria. fumkande@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Temilola Olufunmi
authors.initials: TO
authors.lastname: Akande
authors.forename: Olubankole Olutosin
authors.initials: OO
authors.lastname: Akinboboye
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000886:Anthropometry; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003710:Demography; D007172:Erectile Dysfunction / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009549:Nigeria / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents