title: Prevalence of human papillomavirus 16 in esophageal cancer among the Chinese population: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  No firm evidence of HPV infection in esophageal cancer has been established to date. The aim of this meta-analysis was to investigate the prevalence of HPV 16 in esophageal cancer in China, which had a high burden of the disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  Studies on HPV infection and esophageal cancer were identified and a random-effects model was used to pool the summary prevalence and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs).
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 3,429 esophageal cancer cases were evaluated from 26 eligible studies in this meta-analysis. The summary estimate for HPV16 prevalence was 0.381 (95% CI: 0.283, 0.479). The prevalence varied by geographical areas of the study, publication year, HPV detection method and types of specimen. In sensitivity analysis, HPV 16 prevalence ranged from 0.368 (95% CI: 0.276, 0.460) to 0.397 (95% CI: 0.286, 0.508).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results indicate a relatively high level of HPV 16 prevalence in esophageal cancer among Chinese population, although there was variation between different variables. Further studies are needed to elucidate the role of HPV in esophageal carcinogenesis with careful consideration of study design and laboratory detection method, providing more accurate assessment of the HPV status in esophageal cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Henan Cancer Hospital, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Office for Cancer Control and Research, Zhengzhou, China E-mail : xbsun21@sina.com.
authors.forename: Shao-Kai
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Lan-Wei
authors.initials: LW
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Qiong
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Meng
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Shu-Zheng
authors.initials: SZ
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Pei-Liang
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Quan
authors.forename: Jian-Bang
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Xi-Bin
authors.initials: XB
authors.lastname: Sun
mesh_terms: D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology; D052162:Human papillomavirus 16; D006801:Humans; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology; D015995:Prevalence