title: Motivational Interviewing With and Without Normative Feedback for Adolescents With Substance Use Problems: A Preliminary Study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Many adolescents in need of substance use disorder treatments never engage in treatment. Further, the most promising interventions that could be adapted to target treatment engagement often use normative feedback (NF) despite concerns about its appropriateness for adolescents. This preliminary study will inform a larger trial designed to isolate whether NF is an inert, helpful, or harmful active ingredient within pretreatment motivational interviewing (MI) interventions designed to increase treatment engagement.
  
  
  METHODS
  Adolescents (N = 48) presenting for treatment intake assessments were randomized to receive MI (n = 22) or MI+NF (n = 26) immediately following their assessments. Three-month outcomes included the percentage of youth engaged in treatment, the percentage of youth reporting past-month binge drinking, and the percentage of days of abstinence.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Treatments were delivered with high fidelity, and a high proportion of eligible participants were recruited and retained in this study. Participants significantly increased their percentage of days of abstinence by approximately 10% at follow-up (d = .32, P =.03), with no significant differences between groups. Fifty-five percent of youth in MI and 41.7% of youth in MI+NF engaged in treatment (odds ratio [OR] = .60, nonsignificant; 95% confidence interval, CI [0.136-2.68]).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Larger trials should test whether NF is an active ingredient in adolescent MI interventions, and should also determine the mechanisms through which MI+NF may produce effects.
authors.affiliation: a School of Social Work , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana , Illinois , USA.
authors.forename: Douglas C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Daniel J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Ureche
authors.forename: Jordan P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.forename: Scott T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Walters
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior / Q000523:psychology*; D030141:Feedback, Psychological; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D062405:Motivational Interviewing / Q000379:methods*; D010349:Patient Compliance; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000628:therapy*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Adolescents; clinical trial; motivational interviewing; normative feedback; substance abuse treatment centers