title: Fusarium dactylidis sp. nov., a novel nivalenol toxin-producing species sister to F. pseudograminearum isolated from orchard grass (Dactylis glomerata) in Oregon and New Zealand.
abstract: The B trichothecene toxin-producing clade (B clade) of Fusarium includes the etiological agents of Fusarium head blight, crown rot of wheat and barley and stem and ear rot of maize. B clade isolates also have been recovered from several wild and cultivated grasses, including Dactylis glomerata (orchard grass or cock's foot), one of the world's most important forage grasses. Two isolates from the latter host are formally described here as F. dactylidis. Phenotypically F. dactylidis most closely resembles F. ussurianum from the Russian Far East. Both species produce symmetrical sporodochial conidia that are similar in size and curved toward both ends. However, conidia of F. ussurianum typically end in a narrow apical beak while the apical cell of F. dactylidis is acute. Fusarium dactylidis produced nivalenol mycotoxin in planta as well as low but detectable amounts of the estrogenic mycotoxin zearalenone in vitro. Results of a pathogenicity test revealed that F. dactylidis induced mild head blight on wheat.
authors.affiliation: Genetic Resources Center (MAFF), National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, 2-1-2 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8602, Japan taoki@nias.affrc.go.jp.
authors.forename: Takayuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Aoki
authors.affiliation: Bacterial Foodborne Pathogens and Mycology Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Peoria, Illinois 60604-3999.
authors.forename: Martha M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Vaughan
authors.affiliation: Bacterial Foodborne Pathogens and Mycology Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Peoria, Illinois 60604-3999.
authors.forename: Susan P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: McCormick
authors.affiliation: Bacterial Foodborne Pathogens and Mycology Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Peoria, Illinois 60604-3999.
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Busman
authors.affiliation: Bacterial Foodborne Pathogens and Mycology Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Peoria, Illinois 60604-3999.
authors.forename: Todd J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Ward
authors.affiliation: Bacterial Foodborne Pathogens and Mycology Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Peoria, Illinois 60604-3999.
authors.forename: Amy
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kelly
authors.affiliation: Bacterial Foodborne Pathogens and Mycology Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Peoria, Illinois 60604-3999.
authors.forename: Kerry
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: O'Donnell
authors.affiliation: Landcare Research Manaaki Whenua, Private Bag 92170, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Peter R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Johnston
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Pathology and Environmental Microbiology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802.
authors.forename: David M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Geiser
mesh_terms: D031745:Dactylis / Q000382:microbiology*; D005670:Fusarium / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000378:metabolism; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009183:Mycotoxins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D009520:New Zealand; D009922:Oregon; D010802:Phylogeny; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000382:microbiology; D013172:Spores, Fungal / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development / Q000302:isolation & purification; D014255:Trichothecenes / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D014908:Triticum / Q000382:microbiology; D003313:Zea mays / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D009183:Mycotoxins; D014255:Trichothecenes; C038405:nivalenol
keywords: Fusarium head blight; RPB1; RPB2; cock’s foot; crown rot; forage; genotyping; morphology; mycotoxins; pathogenicity; phylogenetics; trichothecene; zearalenone