title: Spatial and temporal action of chicken primordial germ cells during initial migration.
abstract: In most animals, primordial germ cells (PGCs) originate from an extragonadal region and migrate across the embryo to the gonads, where they differentiate and function. During their migration, PGCs move passively by morphogenetic movement of the embryo or move actively through signaling molecules. To uncover the underlying mechanism of first-phase PGC migration toward the germinal crescent in chickens, we investigated the spatial and temporal action of PGCs during primitive streak formation. Exogenously transplanted PGCs migrated toward the anterior region of the embryo and the embryonic gonads when they were transplanted into the subgerminal cavity, but not into the posterior marginal zone, in Eyal-Giladi and Kochav stage X embryos. These results indicate that for passive migration toward the anterior region the initial location of PGCs should be the central region. Notably, although PGCs and DF-1 cells migrated passively toward the anterior region, only PGCs migrated to the germinal crescent, where endogenous PGCs mainly reside, by active movement. In a live-imaging experiment with green fluorescence protein-expressing transgenic embryos, exogenous PGCs demonstrated markedly faster migration when they reached the anterior one-third of the embryo, while somatic cells showed epiblast movement with constant speed. Also, migrating PGCs exhibited successive contraction and expansion indicating their active migration. Our results suggest that chicken PGCs use sequential passive and active forces to migrate toward the germinal crescent.
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural BiotechnologyCollege of Agriculture and Life Sciences, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, KoreaDepartment of Animal Science and TechnologyChung-Ang University, Anseong 456-756, KoreaGraduate School of International Agricultural Technology and Institute of Green-Bio Science and TechnologySeoul National University, Pyeongchang-gun, Gangwon-do, Seoul 232-916, Korea.
authors.forename: Kyung Soo
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural BiotechnologyCollege of Agriculture and Life Sciences, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, KoreaDepartment of Animal Science and TechnologyChung-Ang University, Anseong 456-756, KoreaGraduate School of International Agricultural Technology and Institute of Green-Bio Science and TechnologySeoul National University, Pyeongchang-gun, Gangwon-do, Seoul 232-916, Korea.
authors.forename: Hyung Chul
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural BiotechnologyCollege of Agriculture and Life Sciences, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, KoreaDepartment of Animal Science and TechnologyChung-Ang University, Anseong 456-756, KoreaGraduate School of International Agricultural Technology and Institute of Green-Bio Science and TechnologySeoul National University, Pyeongchang-gun, Gangwon-do, Seoul 232-916, Korea.
authors.forename: Hyun Jeong
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural BiotechnologyCollege of Agriculture and Life Sciences, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, KoreaDepartment of Animal Science and TechnologyChung-Ang University, Anseong 456-756, KoreaGraduate School of International Agricultural Technology and Institute of Green-Bio Science and TechnologySeoul National University, Pyeongchang-gun, Gangwon-do, Seoul 232-916, Korea.
authors.forename: Hyo Gun
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural BiotechnologyCollege of Agriculture and Life Sciences, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, KoreaDepartment of Animal Science and TechnologyChung-Ang University, Anseong 456-756, KoreaGraduate School of International Agricultural Technology and Institute of Green-Bio Science and TechnologySeoul National University, Pyeongchang-gun, Gangwon-do, Seoul 232-916, Korea.
authors.forename: Young Min
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural BiotechnologyCollege of Agriculture and Life Sciences, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, KoreaDepartment of Animal Science and TechnologyChung-Ang University, Anseong 456-756, KoreaGraduate School of International Agricultural Technology and Institute of Green-Bio Science and TechnologySeoul National University, Pyeongchang-gun, Gangwon-do, Seoul 232-916, Korea.
authors.forename: Hong Jo
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural BiotechnologyCollege of Agriculture and Life Sciences, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, KoreaDepartment of Animal Science and TechnologyChung-Ang University, Anseong 456-756, KoreaGraduate School of International Agricultural Technology and Institute of Green-Bio Science and TechnologySeoul National University, Pyeongchang-gun, Gangwon-do, Seoul 232-916, Korea.
authors.forename: Young Hyun
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural BiotechnologyCollege of Agriculture and Life Sciences, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, KoreaDepartment of Animal Science and TechnologyChung-Ang University, Anseong 456-756, KoreaGraduate School of International Agricultural Technology and Institute of Green-Bio Science and TechnologySeoul National University, Pyeongchang-gun, Gangwon-do, Seoul 232-916, Korea.
authors.forename: Seo Yeong
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural BiotechnologyCollege of Agriculture and Life Sciences, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, KoreaDepartment of Animal Science and TechnologyChung-Ang University, Anseong 456-756, KoreaGraduate School of International Agricultural Technology and Institute of Green-Bio Science and TechnologySeoul National University, Pyeongchang-gun, Gangwon-do, Seoul 232-916, Korea.
authors.forename: Deivendran
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rengaraj
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural BiotechnologyCollege of Agriculture and Life Sciences, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, KoreaDepartment of Animal Science and TechnologyChung-Ang University, Anseong 456-756, KoreaGraduate School of International Agricultural Technology and Institute of Green-Bio Science and TechnologySeoul National University, Pyeongchang-gun, Gangwon-do, Seoul 232-916, Korea.
authors.forename: Tae Sub
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural BiotechnologyCollege of Agriculture and Life Sciences, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, KoreaDepartment of Animal Science and TechnologyChung-Ang University, Anseong 456-756, KoreaGraduate School of International Agricultural Technology and Institute of Green-Bio Science and TechnologySeoul National University, Pyeongchang-gun, Gangwon-do, Seoul 232-916, Korea jaehan@snu.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Jae Yong
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Han
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002465:Cell Movement; D002642:Chick Embryo / Q000166:cytology* / Q000254:growth & development; D005854:Germ Cells / Q000502:physiology* / Q000637:transplantation; D006066:Gonads / Q000166:cytology / Q000196:embryology