title: Costs differences among monoclonal antibodies-based first-line oncology cancer protocols for breast cancer, colorectal carcinoma and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess and compare the costs of first-line monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) treatment protocols in breast cancer, non-Hodgkin lymphoma and colorectal carcinoma in South-Eastern Europe.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective, bottom-up case series study design was implemented with one-year time horizon and payer's perspective. The study sample size was 265 patients (breast cancer, N=137; colorectal cancer, N=44; and non-Hodgkin lymphoma, N=84), while treatment protocols included adjuvant mAbs: trastuzumab (N=137), bevacizumab (N=28), rituximab (N=16) and cetuximab (N=84). ICD-10 related resources use included history of medical services utilization, chronology (time out of service provision) and unit consumption of examinations, drugs prescribed, imaging, radiotherapy and surgical procedures provided etc., direct medical and lost productivity costs (€) across treatment groups during 2010-2013.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The average length of observation was 125+97 days per patient. Total mean direct and indirect costs of care were: trastuzumab for breast cancer group € 17,740 per patient; bevacizumab for colorectal carcinoma group €8,775 per patient; cetuximab for colorectal carcinoma group € 27,181 per patient; and rituximab for non-Hodgkin lymphoma group €19,431 per patient. An average mAbs-treated patient incurred €17,897 costs of medical care. The total combined budget of these 330 patients was €4,742,775.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of mAbs strongly correlated with high costs in first-line cancer medical care and dominated other cost domains. Cetuximab-based treatment protocols in colorectal carcinoma patients was substantially more expensive compared to trastuzumab (C50), bevacizumab (C20), and rituximab (C80) alternatives. Extremely high costs of mAbs are the key-issue for Eastern European policy makers by crossing the upper limits of affordability in middle-income economies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia.
authors.forename: Mihajlo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jakovljevic
authors.forename: Florian
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gutzwiller
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schwenkglenks
authors.forename: Olivera
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Milovanovic
authors.forename: Nemanja
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Rancic
authors.forename: Mirjana
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Varjacic
authors.forename: Dobrivoje
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Stojadinovic
authors.forename: Aleksandar
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dagovic
authors.forename: Klazien
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Matter-Walstra
mesh_terms: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000191:economics*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*; D016527:Drug Costs; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008228:Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal