title: Chemical and biological insecticides select distinct gene expression patterns in Aedes aegypti mosquito.
abstract: Worldwide evolution of mosquito resistance to chemical insecticides represents a major challenge for public health, and the future of vector control largely relies on the development of biological insecticides that can be used in combination with chemicals (integrated management), with the expectation that populations already resistant to chemicals will not become readily resistant to biological insecticides. However, little is known about the metabolic pathways affected by selection with chemical or biological insecticides. Here we show that Aedes aegypti, a laboratory mosquito strain selected with a biological insecticide (Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis, Bti) evolved increased transcription of many genes coding for endopeptidases while most genes coding for detoxification enzymes were under-expressed. By contrast, in strains selected with chemicals, genes encoding detoxification enzymes were mostly over-expressed. In all the resistant strains, genes involved in immune response were under-transcribed, suggesting that basal immunity might be a general adjustment variable to compensate metabolic costs caused by insecticide selection. Bioassays generally showed no evidence for an increased susceptibility of selected strains towards the other insecticide type, and all chemical-resistant strains were as susceptible to Bti as the unselected parent strain, which is a good premise for sustainable integrated management of mosquito populations resistant to chemicals.
authors.affiliation: Université Grenoble-Alpes, Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine UMR 5553, BP53, Grenoble 38041, France CNRS, Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine UMR 5553, BP53, Grenoble 38041, France laurence.despres@ujf-grenoble.fr.
authors.forename: Laurence
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Després
authors.affiliation: Université Grenoble-Alpes, Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine UMR 5553, BP53, Grenoble 38041, France CNRS, Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine UMR 5553, BP53, Grenoble 38041, France.
authors.forename: Renaud
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Stalinski
authors.affiliation: Université Grenoble-Alpes, Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine UMR 5553, BP53, Grenoble 38041, France CNRS, Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine UMR 5553, BP53, Grenoble 38041, France.
authors.forename: Frédéric
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Faucon
authors.affiliation: Pôle Rhône-Alpes de Bioinformatique, Université de Lyon, Lyon 69000, France.
authors.forename: Vincent
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Navratil
authors.affiliation: INRIA Grenoble Rhône-Alpes, Montbonnot-Saint-Martin 38330, France.
authors.forename: Alain
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Viari
authors.affiliation: Université Grenoble-Alpes, Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine UMR 5553, BP53, Grenoble 38041, France CNRS, Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine UMR 5553, BP53, Grenoble 38041, France.
authors.forename: Margot
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Paris
authors.affiliation: Université Grenoble-Alpes, Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine UMR 5553, BP53, Grenoble 38041, France CNRS, Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine UMR 5553, BP53, Grenoble 38041, France.
authors.forename: Guillaume
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tetreau
authors.affiliation: Université Grenoble-Alpes, Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine UMR 5553, BP53, Grenoble 38041, France CNRS, Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine UMR 5553, BP53, Grenoble 38041, France.
authors.forename: Rodolphe
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Poupardin
authors.affiliation: Université Grenoble-Alpes, Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine UMR 5553, BP53, Grenoble 38041, France CNRS, Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine UMR 5553, BP53, Grenoble 38041, France.
authors.forename: Muhammad Asam
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Riaz
authors.affiliation: Université Grenoble-Alpes, Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine UMR 5553, BP53, Grenoble 38041, France CNRS, Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine UMR 5553, BP53, Grenoble 38041, France.
authors.forename: Aurélie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bonin
authors.affiliation: Université Grenoble-Alpes, Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine UMR 5553, BP53, Grenoble 38041, France CNRS, Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine UMR 5553, BP53, Grenoble 38041, France.
authors.forename: Stéphane
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Reynaud
authors.affiliation: Université Grenoble-Alpes, Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine UMR 5553, BP53, Grenoble 38041, France CNRS, Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine UMR 5553, BP53, Grenoble 38041, France.
authors.forename: Jean-Philippe
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: David
mesh_terms: D000330:Aedes / Q000235:genetics*; D000818:Animals; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D017344:Genes, Insect; D007306:Insecticides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010572:Pest Control, Biological
chemical_list: D007306:Insecticides
keywords: cross resistance; detoxification; immunity; transcriptomics