title: The positive relationship between ocean acidification and pollution.
abstract: Ocean acidification and pollution coexist to exert combined effects on the functions and services of marine ecosystems. Ocean acidification can increase the biotoxicity of heavy metals by altering their speciation and bioavailability. Marine pollutants, such as heavy metals and oils, could decrease the photosynthesis rate and increase the respiration rate of marine organisms as a result of biotoxicity and eutrophication, facilitating ocean acidification to varying degrees. Here we review the complex interactions between ocean acidification and pollution in the context of linkage of multiple stressors to marine ecosystems. The synthesized information shows that pollution-affected respiration acidifies coastal oceans more than the uptake of anthropogenic carbon dioxide. Coastal regions are more vulnerable to the negative impact of ocean acidification due to large influxes of pollutants from terrestrial ecosystems. Ocean acidification and pollution facilitate each other, and thus coastal environmental protection from pollution has a large potential for mitigating acidification risk.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China.
authors.forename: Xiangfeng
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zeng
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China.
authors.forename: Xijuan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China; Department of Biosystems Engineering and Soil Science, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA. Electronic address: jzhuang@utk.edu.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhuang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D003247:Conservation of Natural Resources / Q000379:methods*; D017753:Ecosystem; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008386:Marine Biology; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D009792:Oceans and Seas; D012623:Seawater / Q000737:chemistry*; D014876:Water Pollution / Q000032:analysis* / Q000517:prevention & control
chemical_list: D002245:Carbon Dioxide
keywords: Biotoxicity; Carbon dioxide; Heavy metal; Ocean acidification; Oil; Pollution