title: The role of rpoS, hmp, and ssrAB in Salmonella enterica Gallinarum and evaluation of a triple-deletion mutant as a live vaccine candidate in Lohmann layer chickens.
abstract: Salmonella enterica Gallinarum (SG) causes fowl typhoid (FT), a septicemic disease in avian species. We constructed deletion mutants lacking the stress sigma factor RpoS, the nitric oxide (NO)-detoxifying flavohemoglobin Hmp, and the SsrA/SsrB regulator to confirm the functions of these factors in SG. All gene products were fully functional in wild-type (WT) SG whereas mutants harboring single mutations or a combination of rpoS, hmp, and ssrAB mutations showed hypersusceptibility to H2O2, loss of NO metabolism, and absence of Salmonella pathogenicity island (SPI)-2 expression, respectively. A triple-deletion mutant, SGΔ3 (SGΔrpoSΔhmpΔssrAB), was evaluated for attenuated virulence and protection efficacy in two-week-old Lohmann layer chickens. The SGΔ3 mutant did not cause any mortality after inoculation with either 1 × 10(6) or 1 × 10(8) colony-forming units (CFUs) of bacteria. Significantly lower numbers of salmonellae were recovered from the liver and spleen of chickens inoculated with the SGΔ3 mutant compared to chickens inoculated with WT SG. Vaccination with the SGΔ3 mutant conferred complete protection against challenge with virulent SG on the chickens comparable to the group vaccinated with a conventional vaccine strain, SG9R. Overall, these results indicate that SGΔ3 could be a promising candidate for a live Salmonella vaccine against FT.
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Korea.
authors.forename: Youngjae
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: Yoon Mee
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Abhijit Kashinath
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Barate
authors.forename: So-Yeon
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Hee Jeong
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Mi Rae
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Quang Lam
authors.initials: QL
authors.lastname: Truong
authors.forename: Jang Won
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.forename: Iel Soo
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Bang
authors.forename: Tae-Wook
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Hahn
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D002645:Chickens; D005260:Female; D011201:Poultry Diseases / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology; D012481:Salmonella Infections, Animal / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology; D022562:Salmonella Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D019779:Salmonella enterica / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology*; D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D014774:Virulence
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D022562:Salmonella Vaccines; D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated
keywords: Salmonella enterica Gallinarum; live attenuated vaccine; oxidant response genes; protection; virulence