title: Sulfa drugs as inhibitors of carbonic anhydrase: new targets for the old drugs.
abstract: Sulfa drugs are well-known antibacterial agents containing N-substituted sulfonamide group on para position of aniline ring (NH2RSO2NHR'). In this study 2,4-dichloro-1,3,5-triazine derivatives of sulfa drugs, sulfamerazine (1b), sulfaquinoxaline (2b), sulfadiazine (3b), sulfadimidine (4b), and sulfachloropyrazine (5b) (1a-5a) were synthesized and characterized. Their carbonic anhydrase inhibition activity was evaluated against bovine cytosolic carbonic anhydrase isozyme II (bCA II). For the sake of comparison the CA inhibition activity of the parent sulfa drugs (1b-5b) was also evaluated. A significant increase in CA inhibition activity of sulfa drugs was observed upon substitution with 2,4-dichloro-1,3,5-triazine moiety. Molecular docking studies were carried out to highlight binding site interactions. ADME properties were calculated to evaluate drug likeness of the compounds.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Forman Christian College (A Chartered University), Ferozepur Road, Lahore 54600, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Mariya
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: al-Rashida
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Forman Christian College (A Chartered University), Ferozepur Road, Lahore 54600, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Sajad
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hussain
authors.affiliation: Centre for Advanced Drug Research, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Mehwish
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hamayoun
authors.affiliation: Centre for Advanced Drug Research, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Aisha
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Altaf
authors.affiliation: Centre for Advanced Drug Research, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Jamshed
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-8971-133X
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Iqbal
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002257:Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000494:pharmacology; D002256:Carbonic Anhydrases / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000187:drug effects; D002417:Cattle; D013411:Sulfadiazine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013416:Sulfamerazine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013418:Sulfamethazine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013428:Sulfaquinoxaline / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D002257:Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors; D013411:Sulfadiazine; D013418:Sulfamethazine; D002256:Carbonic Anhydrases; D013416:Sulfamerazine; D013428:Sulfaquinoxaline