title: Influences of prenatal and postnatal stress on adult hippocampal neurogenesis: the double neurogenic niche hypothesis.
abstract: Adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN) is involved in learning, memory, and stress, and plays a significant role in neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders. As an age-dependent process, AHN is largely influenced by changes that occur during the pre- and postnatal stages of brain development, and constitutes an important field of research. This review examines the current knowledge regarding the regulators of AHN and the influence of prenatal and postnatal stress on later AHN. In addition, a hypothesis is presented suggesting that each kind of stress influences a specific neurogenic pool, developmental or postnatal, that later becomes a precursor with important repercussions for AHN. This hypothesis is referred to as "the double neurogenic niche hypothesis." Discovering what receptors, transcription factors, or genes are specifically activated by different stressors is proposed as an essential line of future research in the field. Such knowledge shall constitute an important starting point toward the goal of modifying AHN in neurodegenerative or psychiatric diseases.
authors.affiliation: Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, Unité Mixte de Recherche CNRS, INRA, Université de Bourgogne, 9E Boulevard Jeanne d'Arc, 21000 Dijon, France. Electronic address: sylviaortegamartinez@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Sylvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ortega-Martínez
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000523:psychology; D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000502:physiology; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000523:psychology; D055495:Neurogenesis; D011247:Pregnancy; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000523:psychology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000150:complications* / Q000523:psychology
keywords: Adult hipocampal neurogenesis (AHN); Hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA); Neurogenic pool; Postnatal stress (PTS); Precursor cells; Prenatal stress (PS)