title: Adolescent alcohol use and binge drinking: an 18-year trend study of prevalence and correlates.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Several studies suggest a rapid decrease of alcohol use among adolescents after the turn of the century. With decreasing prevalence rates of smokers, a so-called hardening may have taken place, implying that remaining smokers are characterized by more psychosocial problems. Are similar processes witnessed among remaining adolescent alcohol users as well?
  
  
  METHODS
  In 1992, 2002 and 2010 we used identical procedures to collect data from three population-based samples of 16- and 17-year-old Norwegians (n = 9207). We collected data on alcohol consumption, binge drinking, parental factors, use of other substances, conduct problems, depressive symptoms, social integration, sexual behaviour and loneliness.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a steep increase in all measures of alcohol consumption from 1992 to 2002, followed by a similar decline until 2010. Most correlates remained stable over the time span.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Alcohol use was consistently related to psychosocial problems; on the other hand, alcohol users reported higher levels of social acceptance and social integration than did non-users. There were no signs of 'hardening' as seen for tobacco use.
authors.affiliation: Department of Sociology and Human Geography, University of Oslo, PO Box 1096, Blindern, Oslo 0317, Norway willy.pedersen@sosgeo.uio.no.
authors.forename: Willy
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Pedersen
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Oslo and Norwegian Social Research (NOVA), PO Box 1094, Blindern, Oslo 0317, Norway.
authors.forename: Tilmann
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: von Soest
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D063425:Binge Drinking / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D019955:Conduct Disorder / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D003863:Depression / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D005195:Family Relations; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008132:Loneliness / Q000523:psychology; D008297:Male; D009664:Norway / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D012725:Sexual Behavior / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012934:Social Isolation / Q000523:psychology