title: Structure-inherent targeting of near-infrared fluorophores for parathyroid and thyroid gland imaging.
abstract: The typical method for creating targeted contrast agents requires covalent conjugation of separate targeting and fluorophore domains. In this study, we demonstrate that it is possible to create near-infrared (NIR) fluorophores with different tissue specificities driven by their inherent chemical structures. Thus, a single compact molecule performs both targeting and imaging. We use this strategy to solve a major problem in head and neck surgery: the identification and preservation of parathyroid and thyroid glands. We synthesized 700-nm and 800-nm halogenated fluorophores that show high uptake into these glands after a single intravenous (IV) injection of 0.06 mg kg(-1) in a pig. By using a dual-channel NIR imaging system, we observed-in real time and with high sensitivity-the unambiguous distinction of parathyroid and thyroid glands simultaneously in the context of blood and surrounding soft tissue. This novel technology lays a foundation for performing head and neck surgery with increased precision and efficiency along with potentially lower morbidity, and it provides a general strategy for developing targeted NIR fluorophores.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
authors.forename: Hoon
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hyun
authors.affiliation: 1] Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. [2] Department of Surgery, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea.
authors.forename: Min Ho
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: 1] Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA. [2] Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
authors.forename: Eric A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Owens
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
authors.forename: Hideyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wada
authors.affiliation: 1] Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA. [2] Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
authors.forename: Maged
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Henary
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Henricus J M
authors.identifier: 0000000251143584
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Handgraaf
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Alexander L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Vahrmeijer
authors.affiliation: 1] Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. [2] Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. [3] Curadel, LLC, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA.
authors.forename: John V
authors.initials: JV
authors.lastname: Frangioni
authors.affiliation: 1] Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. [2] Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea.
authors.forename: Hak Soo
authors.identifier: 0000000279826483
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Choi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes / Q000138:chemical synthesis; D051379:Mice; D010280:Parathyroid Glands / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D019265:Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared / Q000379:methods*; D013552:Swine; D013961:Thyroid Gland / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D005456:Fluorescent Dyes