title: Relative neuroprotective effects hyperbaric oxygen treatment and TLR4 knockout in a mouse model of temporary middle cerebral artery occlusion.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the effects of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy and knockout of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) on the outcome of temporary middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in a mouse model.
  
  
  METHODS
  MCAO was induced in anesthetized male C57Bl/6 mice (WT) and TLR4 knockout mice (TLR4(-/-)) using an intra-arterial filament method. After 30 or 90 min, the filament was removed, and the mice were given either no treatment (WT and TLR4(-/-) groups) or HBO (WT only). Mice were euthanized 24 h after MCAO, and the brain infarct area was examined using 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the WT group, without treatment, lesion volume was 120 ± 13 mm(3) in the mice subjected to 30 min' MCAO and 173 ± 23 mm(3) in the mice subjected to 90 min' MCAO. Respective values with HBO treatment were 66.5 ± 36.7 mm(3) and 53.2 ± 17.2 mm(3). The difference was significant only for 90-minute MCAO (p < 0.01, nonparametric test). In the TLR4(-/-) group (all untreated), lesion volume was 95.9 ± 17.9 after 90 min of MCAO, which was significantly lower than in the untreated WT animals (p < 0.05, nonparametric test).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A single treatment of HBO immediately after MCAO followed by 24 h' reperfusion significantly reduces edema and may improve perfusion. TLR4 knockout protects mice from MCAO damage, but to a lesser extent than HBO treatment.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Neurosurgery, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Campus, Petach Tikva, Israel.
authors.forename: Dennis
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pushkov
authors.affiliation: c Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.|d The Krieger Eye Research Laboratory, Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Petach Tikva, Israel.
authors.forename: James D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Nicholson
authors.affiliation: a Department of Neurosurgery, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Campus, Petach Tikva, Israel.|c Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
authors.forename: Shalom
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Michowiz
authors.affiliation: a Department of Neurosurgery, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Campus, Petach Tikva, Israel.
authors.forename: Ivan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Novitzky
authors.affiliation: c Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.|d The Krieger Eye Research Laboratory, Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Petach Tikva, Israel.
authors.forename: Shirel
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Weiss
authors.affiliation: c Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.|d The Krieger Eye Research Laboratory, Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Petach Tikva, Israel.
authors.forename: Moshe
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ben Hemou
authors.affiliation: c Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.|e Laboratory of Cardiac Research, Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Petach Tikva, Israel.
authors.forename: Edith
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hochhauser
authors.affiliation: b Pediatric Ophthalmology Unit, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikva, Israel.|c Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.|d The Krieger Eye Research Laboratory, Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Petach Tikva, Israel.
authors.forename: Nitza
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Goldenberg-Cohen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001929:Brain Edema / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D007839:Functional Laterality / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D006931:Hyperbaric Oxygenation; D020244:Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery / Q000235:genetics* / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D015424:Reperfusion / Q000379:methods; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4 / Q000172:deficiency* / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4
keywords: HBOT; MCAO; Middle cereberal artery occlusion; TLR4 knockout; brain edema; hyperbaric oxygen therapy; mouse model; stroke