title: Gene-environment interactions controlling energy and glucose homeostasis and the developmental origins of obesity.
abstract: Obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) often occur together and affect a growing number of individuals in both the developed and developing worlds. Both are associated with a number of other serious illnesses that lead to increased rates of mortality. There is likely a polygenic mode of inheritance underlying both disorders, but it has become increasingly clear that the pre- and postnatal environments play critical roles in pushing predisposed individuals over the edge into a disease state. This review focuses on the many genetic and environmental variables that interact to cause predisposed individuals to become obese and diabetic. The brain and its interactions with the external and internal environment are a major focus given the prominent role these interactions play in the regulation of energy and glucose homeostasis in health and disease.
authors.affiliation: The Saban Research Institute, Neuroscience Program, Childrens Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California; Inserm U837, Jean-Pierre Aubert Research Center, University Lille 2, Lille, France; Neurology Service, Veterans Administration Medical Center, East Orange, New Jersey; Department of Neurology and Neurosciences, Rutgers, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey; and University of Cambridge Institute of Metabolic Science and MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Sebastien
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bouret
authors.affiliation: The Saban Research Institute, Neuroscience Program, Childrens Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California; Inserm U837, Jean-Pierre Aubert Research Center, University Lille 2, Lille, France; Neurology Service, Veterans Administration Medical Center, East Orange, New Jersey; Department of Neurology and Neurosciences, Rutgers, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey; and University of Cambridge Institute of Metabolic Science and MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Barry E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Levin
authors.affiliation: The Saban Research Institute, Neuroscience Program, Childrens Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California; Inserm U837, Jean-Pierre Aubert Research Center, University Lille 2, Lille, France; Neurology Service, Veterans Administration Medical Center, East Orange, New Jersey; Department of Neurology and Neurosciences, Rutgers, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey; and University of Cambridge Institute of Metabolic Science and MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Susan E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Ozanne
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000209:etiology; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D004777:Environment; D059647:Gene-Environment Interaction; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D006706:Homeostasis / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D009473:Neuronal Plasticity / Q000502:physiology; D009765:Obesity / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D005947:Glucose