title: [Functional mapping using subdural electrodes combined with monitoring during awake craniotomy enabled preservation of function and extensive resection of a glioma adjacent to the parietal lobe language sites: a case report].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Surgical resection of gliomas located in the dominant parietal lobe is difficult because this lesion is surrounded by multiple functional areas. Although functional mapping during awake craniotomy is very useful for resection of gliomas adjacent to eloquent areas, the limited time available makes it difficult to sufficiently evaluate multiple functions, such as language, calculative ability, distinction of right and left sides, and finger recognition. Here, we report a case of anaplastic oligodendroglioma, which was successfully treated with a combination of functional mapping using subdural electrodes and monitoring under awake craniotomy for glioma.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 32-year-old man presented with generalized seizure. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a non-enhanced tumor in the left angular and supramarginal gyri. In addition, the tumor showed high accumulation on 11C-methionine positron emission tomography(PET)(tumor/normal brain tissue ratio=3.20). Preparatory mapping using subdural electrodes showed absence of brain function on the tumor lesion. Surgical removal was performed using cortical mapping during awake craniotomy with an updated navigation system using intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging(MRI). The tumor was resected until aphasia was detected by functional monitoring, and the extent of tumor resection was 93%. The patient showed transient transcortical aphasia and Gerstmann's syndrome after surgery but eventually recovered. The pathological diagnosis was anaplastic oligodendroglioma, and the patient was administered chemo-radiotherapy. The patient has been progression free for more than 2 years.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The combination of subdural electrode mapping and monitoring during awake craniotomy is useful in order to achieve preservation of function and extensive resection for gliomas in the dominant parietal lobe.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Tokyo Women's Medical University.
authors.forename: Kento
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takebayashi
authors.forename: Taiichi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.forename: Masayuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nitta
authors.forename: Manabu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tamura
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Maruyama
authors.forename: Yoshihiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Muragaki
authors.forename: Yoshikazu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Okada
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001931:Brain Mapping / Q000379:methods; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D003399:Craniotomy / Q000379:methods; D005910:Glioma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007802:Language; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male