title: Is the combined use of insulin resistance indices, including adipokines, more reliable in metabolic syndrome?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the levels of adipokines (leptin, adiponectin, resistin, and visfatin) and the indices of insulin sensitivity/ resistance, and to examine the relationship among them in patients with metabolic syndrome (MetS).
  
  
  METHODS
  The study groups included 45 subjects with MetS (31 women/14 men), and 45 sex- and age-matched non-MetS healthy volunteers (31 women/14 men). The levels of adipokines were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The levels of leptin and visfatin were significantly higher in the MetS than in the non-MetS subjects (P < 0.01). There was no difference in adiponectin levels in subjects with and without MetS (P = 0.052). Similarly, resistin did not show any statistically significant difference. A statistically significant positive correlation ofleptin with insulin levels was observed, while negative correlations of visfatin levels with age, and resistin levels with the ratio of adiponectin to leptin, were found in the MetS (P <0.05). The combination of adipokines, insulin resistance-sensitivity parameters, and MetS criteria parameters gave more significant differences than a single parameter.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Since the parameters mentioned above might affect, interact with, and/or interfere with each other, the combinations of these parameters might give more reliable results to evaluate the insulin resistance/sensitivity in MetS patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Biochemistry, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey. bvanizorkural@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Birgül
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kural
authors.forename: Orhan
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Değer
authors.forename: Cihangir
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Erem
authors.forename: Fulya
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Balaban Yücesan
authors.forename: Rezzan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Aliyazicioğlu
authors.forename: Yaşam
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Barlak
mesh_terms: D054392:Adipokines / Q000097:blood*; D052242:Adiponectin / Q000097:blood; D000328:Adult; D006706:Homeostasis / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000502:physiology*; D020738:Leptin / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000097:blood / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D054409:Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D054392:Adipokines; D052242:Adiponectin; D020738:Leptin; D054409:Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase