title: Impact of penile degloving and proximal ventral dissection on curvature correction in children with proximal hypospadias.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Penile degloving is an important step in orthoplasty. Although its role in correcting mild curvature in distal and midshaft hypospadias has been previously reported, its impact on ventral curvature (VC) correction in proximal defects warrants further investigation. Therefore, we sought to document the effect of degloving and proximal urethral dissection on VC correction in children with proximal hypospadias.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively reviewed the records of 137 patients who underwent proximal hypospadias repair between 1998 and 2006. VC, defined as mild (<30%), moderate (30%-45%), and severe (>45%), was recorded before penile degloving and after erection test. Percent improvement in VC and need for further treatment (beyond degloving and proximal dissection) based on preoperative degree of curvature were assessed. ANOVA test was used to compare improvement among the 3 groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean age at repair was 14 months (range: 6-24). Penile degloving associated with proximal urethral dissection when necessary was responsible for the improvement in the degree of curvature in 7 of 9 (77%) patients with mild VC, 23 of 44 (52%) with moderate and 35 of 84 (40%) with severe VC. Additionally, degloving alone was sufficient for VC correction in 7 of 9 (77%) mild cases, 14 of 44 (30%) moderate and only 2 of 84 (2%) severe cases. The difference among these 3 groups was statistically significant (p < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Penile degloving alone can correct VC. The percentage of improvement depends on the preoperative degree of curvature, with severe VC cases showing the least improvement.
authors.affiliation: Division of Urology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB;
authors.forename: Bryce A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Weber
authors.affiliation: Division of Urology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON;
authors.forename: Luis H P
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Braga
authors.affiliation: Section of Urology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB;
authors.forename: Premal
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.affiliation: Division of Urology, Sidra Medical and Research Center, Doha, Qatar;
authors.forename: Joao L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Pippi Salle
authors.affiliation: Division of Urology, The Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto, Toronto, ON;
authors.forename: Darius J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Bägli
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA.
authors.forename: Antoine E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Khoury
authors.affiliation: Division of Urology, The Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto, Toronto, ON;
authors.forename: Armando J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Lorenzo