title: Antibiotic resistance and irrational prescribing in paediatric clinics in Greece.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Greece is among the countries with the highest rates of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and simultaneous antibiotic consumption.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to assess the perceptions and knowledge of AMR and irrational antibiotic prescribing of nurses working in paediatric hospitals in Greece.
  
  
  METHODS
  A self-administered questionnaire was distributed to nurses in paediatric hospitals and paediatric clinics in Greece. Descriptive and multivariate statistical analyses were performed. Levels of significance were two-tailed and statistical significance was p=0.05.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 87% of participants reported irrational prescribing to be an important cause of AMR. Diagnostic uncertainty was stated by 55.5% as the main cause of irrational antibiotic prescribing and 94% suggested the use of protocols and guidelines as the main measure to control overprescribing. Parental demand for antibiotics in hospitals has increased according to 51.8% of respondents. Strong correlation was observed between social-demographic characteristics and antibiotic resistance, as well as irrational prescribing.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Assessing nurses' knowledge and perceptions of antimicrobial resistance and irrational prescribing is vital as nurses actively participate in the antibiotics administration process and antimicrobial management in Greece. Their involvement could contribute to educate patients and parents on the public-health implications of overprescribing and antimicrobial resistance.
authors.affiliation: Research Fellow at Department of Social and Educational Policy, School of Social Sciences, University of Peloponnese, Greece.
authors.forename: Aikaterini
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Toska
authors.forename: Mary
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Geitona
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000451:nursing; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004352:Drug Resistance, Microbial; D005260:Female; D006115:Greece; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006769:Hospitals, General / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006776:Hospitals, Pediatric / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008508:Medication Errors / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010371:Pediatric Nursing / Q000379:methods*; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents
keywords: Greece; Inappropriate prescribing; Microbial drug resistance; Paediatric care; Paediatric nursing