title: Surgical treatment for residual or recurrent strabismus.
abstract: Although the surgical treatment is a relatively effective and predictable method for correcting residual or recurrent strabismus, such as posterior fixation sutures, medial rectus marginal myotomy, unilateral or bilateral rectus re-recession and resection, unilateral lateral rectus recession and adjustable suture, no standard protocol is established for the surgical style. Different surgical approaches have been recommended for correcting residual or recurrent strabismus. The choice of the surgical procedure depends on the former operation pattern and the surgical dosages applied on the patients, residual or recurrent angle of deviation and the operator's preference and experience. This review attempts to outline recent publications and current opinion in the management of residual or recurrent esotropia and exotropia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250021, Shandong Province, China ; Department of Ophthalmology, Weihai Municipal Hospital, Weihai 264200, Shandong Province, China.
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250021, Shandong Province, China.
authors.forename: Li-Hua
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Wang
keywords: esotropia; exotropia; recurrence surgery