title: An investigation of used electronics return flows: a data-driven approach to capture and predict consumers storage and utilization behavior.
abstract: Consumers often have a tendency to store their used, old or un-functional electronics for a period of time before they discard them and return them back to the waste stream. This behavior increases the obsolescence rate of used still-functional products leading to lower profitability that could be resulted out of End-of-Use (EOU) treatments such as reuse, upgrade, and refurbishment. These types of behaviors are influenced by several product and consumer-related factors such as consumers' traits and lifestyles, technology evolution, product design features, product market value, and pro-environmental stimuli. Better understanding of different groups of consumers, their utilization and storage behavior and the connection of these behaviors with product design features helps Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs) and recycling and recovery industry to better overcome the challenges resulting from the undesirable storage of used products. This paper aims at providing insightful statistical analysis of Electronic Waste (e-waste) dynamic nature by studying the effects of design characteristics, brand and consumer type on the electronics usage time and end of use time-in-storage. A database consisting of 10,063 Hard Disk Drives (HDD) of used personal computers returned back to a remanufacturing facility located in Chicago, IL, USA during 2011-2013 has been selected as the base for this study. The results show that commercial consumers have stored computers more than household consumers regardless of brand and capacity factors. Moreover, a heterogeneous storage behavior is observed for different brands of HDDs regardless of capacity and consumer type factors. Finally, the storage behavior trends are projected for short-time forecasting and the storage times are precisely predicted by applying machine learning methods.
authors.affiliation: Industrial and Systems Engineering Department, State University of New York, University at Buffalo, 437 Bell Hall, Buffalo, NY, USA. Electronic address: mostafas@buffalo.edu.
authors.forename: Mostafa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sabbaghi
authors.affiliation: Healthcare Systems Engineering Institute, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA. Electronic address: b.esmaeilian@neu.edu.
authors.forename: Behzad
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Esmaeilian
authors.affiliation: Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, State University of New York, University at Buffalo, 437 Bell Hall, Buffalo, NY, USA. Electronic address: ardeshir@buffalo.edu.
authors.forename: Ardeshir
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Raihanian Mashhadi
authors.affiliation: Industrial and Systems Engineering Department, State University of New York, University at Buffalo, 437 Bell Hall, Buffalo, NY, USA; Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, State University of New York, University at Buffalo, 437 Bell Hall, Buffalo, NY, USA. Electronic address: sarabehd@buffalo.edu.
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Behdad
authors.affiliation: PC Rebuilder and Recyclers, 4734 W Chicago Ave, Chicago, IL 60651-3322, USA. Electronic address: willie@pcrr.com.
authors.forename: Willie
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Cade
mesh_terms: D002641:Chicago; D003258:Consumer Behavior; D059029:Electronic Waste / Q000032:analysis*; D008838:Microcomputers; D059027:Recycling; D013997:Time Factors; D018505:Waste Management
keywords: Consumer behavior; Design characteristics; Electronic waste; Machine learning