title: Increased mRNA expression of selected pro-inflammatory factors in inflamed bovine endometrium in vivo as well as in endometrial epithelial cells exposed to Bacillus pumilus in vitro.
abstract: Endometrial epithelium plays a crucial role in the first immune response to invading bacteria by producing cytokines and chemokines. The aim of this study was to investigate the first inflammatory response of the endometrium in vivo and in vitro. Gene expression of several pro-inflammatory factors and Toll-like receptors (TLR2, -4, -6) was determined in endometrial cytobrush samples obtained from healthy cows and cows with clinical or subclinical endometritis. Endometrial epithelial cells were co-cultured with an isolated autochthonous uterine bacterial strain Bacillus pumilus. Total RNA was extracted from in vivo and in vitro samples and subjected to real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. CXC ligands (CXCL) 1/2 and CXC chemokine receptor (CXCR) 2 mRNA expression was higher in cows with subclinical endometritis and CXCL3 mRNA expression was higher in cows with clinical endometritis compared with healthy cows. B. pumilus induced cell death of epithelial cells within 24h of co-culturing. The presence of B. pumilus resulted in significantly higher mRNA expression of interleukin 1α (IL1A), IL6, IL8, CXCL1-3 and prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 in co-cultured cells compared with untreated controls. The maximum increase was mainly detected after 2h. These results support the hypothesis that bacterial infection of endometrial cells might induce prompt synthesis of pro-inflammatory cytokines resulting in a local inflammatory reaction.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Veterinary Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Oertzenweg 19b, 14163 Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Martina A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Gärtner
authors.affiliation: Institute of Veterinary Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Oertzenweg 19b, 14163 Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Peter
authors.affiliation: Institute for the Reproduction of Farm Animals Schönow, Bernauer Allee 10, 16321 Bernau, Germany.
authors.forename: Markus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.affiliation: University Clinic for Ruminants, Clinical Unit for Herd Health Management in Ruminants, Vetmeduni Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Drillich
authors.affiliation: Institute of Veterinary Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Oertzenweg 19b, 14163 Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Ralf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Einspanier
authors.affiliation: Institute of Veterinary Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Oertzenweg 19b, 14163 Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gabler
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000069979:Bacillus pumilus; D002417:Cattle; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D018925:Chemokines / Q000276:immunology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000276:immunology; D004716:Endometritis / Q000276:immunology; D004717:Endometrium / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology*; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology; D005260:Female; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism*; D019707:Receptors, Chemokine / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D018925:Chemokines; D016207:Cytokines; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D019707:Receptors, Chemokine