title: Animal model of reversible, right ventricular failure.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Heart failure is a leading cause of death but very little is known about right ventricular (RV) failure (RVF) and right ventricular recovery (RVR). A robust animal model of reversible, RVF does not exist, which currently limits research opportunities and clinical progress. We sought to develop an animal model of reversible, pressure-overload RVF to study RVF and RVR.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifteen New Zealand rabbits underwent implantation of a fully implantable, adjustable, pulmonary artery band. Animals were assigned to the control, RVF, and RVR groups (n = 5 for each). For the RVF and RVR groups, the pulmonary artery bands were serially tightened to create RVF and released for RVR. Echocardiographic, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, and histologic analysis were performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  RV chamber size and wall thickness increased during RVF and regressed during RVR. RV volumes were 1023 μL ± 123 for control, 2381 μL ± 637 for RVF, and 635 μL ± 549 for RVR, and RV wall thicknesses were 0.98 mm ± 0.12 for controls (P = 0.05), 1.72 mm ± 0.60 for RVF, and 1.16 mm ± 0.03 for RVR animals (P = 0.04), respectively. Similarly, heart weight, liver weight, cardiomyocyte size, and the degree of cardiac and hepatic fibrosis increased with RVF and decreased during RVR.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We report an animal model of chronic, reversible, pressure-overload RVF to study RVF and RVR. This model will be used for preclinical studies that improve our understanding of the mechanisms of RVF and that develop and test RV protective and RVR strategies to be studied later in humans.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Utah, School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah. Electronic address: stephen.mckellar@hsc.utah.edu.
authors.forename: Stephen H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: McKellar
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Utah, School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah.
authors.forename: Hadi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Javan
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Utah, School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah.
authors.forename: Megan E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Bowen
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Utah, School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah.
authors.forename: Xiaoquing
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Utah, School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah.
authors.forename: Christin L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Schaaf
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Utah, School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah.
authors.forename: Casey M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Briggs
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Salt Lake City, Utah.
authors.forename: Huashan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zou
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Salt Lake City, Utah.
authors.forename: Arnold David
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Gomez
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Salt Lake City, Utah.
authors.forename: Osama M
authors.initials: OM
authors.lastname: Abdullah
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Salt Lake City, Utah.
authors.forename: Ed W
authors.initials: EW
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Utah, School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah.
authors.forename: Craig H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Selzman
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006333:Heart Failure; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000473:pathology; D011312:Pressure; D011651:Pulmonary Artery / Q000502:physiology; D011817:Rabbits; D016278:Ventricular Function, Right