title: The 'dirty downside' of global sporting events: focus on human trafficking for sexual exploitation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Human trafficking is as complex human rights and public health issue. The issue of human trafficking for sexual exploitation at large global sporting events has proven to be elusive given the clandestine nature of the industry. This piece examines the issue from a public health perspective.
  
  
  METHODS
  This is a literature review of the 'most comprehensive' studies published on the topic.
  
  
  METHODS
  A PubMed search was done using MeSH terms 'human traffickings' and 'sex trafficking' and 'human rights abuses'. Subheadings included 'statistics and numerical data', 'legislation and jurispudence', 'prevention and control', and 'therapy'. Only papers published in English were reviewed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The search showed that very few well-designed empirical studies have been conducted on the topic and only one pertinent systematic review was identified. Findings show a high prevalence of physical violence among those trafficked compared to non-trafficked women. Sexually transmitted infections and HIV AIDS are prevalent and preventive care is virtually non-existent.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Quantifying human trafficking for sexual exploitation at large global sporting events has proven to be elusive given the clandestine nature of the industry. This is not to say that human trafficking for sex as well as forced sexual exploitation does not occur. It almost certainly exists, but to what extent is the big question. It is a hidden problem on a global scale in plain view with tremendous public health implications.
authors.affiliation: Queen Margaret University, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Finkel
authors.affiliation: Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA. Electronic address: maf2011@med.cornell.edu.
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Finkel
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D014943:Global Health; D064410:Human Trafficking; D006801:Humans; D038622:Internationality; D011634:Public Health; D012742:Sex Offenses; D013177:Sports
keywords: Health problems of victims of trafficking; Human trafficking; Human trafficking and sporting events; Sexual exploitation