title: Replication potential and different modes of transmission of West Nile virus in an Indian strain of Culex gelidus Theobald (Diptera: Culicidae) mosquitoes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Culex gelidus mosquito, an important vector of Japanese encephalitis virus, has shown to transmit West Nile virus (WNV), Kunjin and Murray Valley encephalitis viruses experimentally. An attempt was, therefore, made to study the replication kinetics and vector competence of an Indian strain of Cx. gelidus to WNV.
  
  
  METHODS
  Mosquitoes were infected by both intrathoracic inoculation and oral feeding and studied the growth kinetics by determining the virus titre on different days post-infection (PI). Vector competence was studied by determining the presence of WNV in saliva on subsequent days PI. Horizontal transmission was determined by demonstrating infection in infant mice by bite of mosquitoes that were fed on viraemic mice previously. Vertical transmission was studied by screening progeny derived from infected mosquitoes. Trans-stadial transmission was determined by screening adult mosquitoes emerged from parenterally inoculated IV instar larvae.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mosquito replicated WNV to 7log10 TCID50/ml on Day 8 PI and maintained the titre for 14 days. Virus dissemination to legs and salivary glands could be detected, but not to ovaries up to Day 10 PI. The mosquitoes picked up infection from viraemic blood and transmitted successfully to infant mice on subsequent feeding. Trans-stadial transmission also could be demonstrated. However, vertical transmission could not be demonstrated.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The replication potential, maintenance of WNV for prolonged periods and ability to transmit WNV experimentally makes the mosquito a serious threat to public health especially in the wake of active WNV activity in certain parts of India.
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Virology (ICMR), Microbial Containment Complex, Pune, India.
authors.forename: A B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Sudeep
authors.forename: Y S
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Ghodke
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Gokhale
authors.forename: R P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: George
authors.forename: S D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Dhaigude
authors.forename: V P
authors.initials: VP
authors.lastname: Bondre
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003465:Culex / Q000821:virology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D018562:Disease Transmission, Infectious; D005121:Extremities / Q000821:virology; D005260:Female; D007194:India; D018445:Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical; D007303:Insect Vectors; D051379:Mice; D010053:Ovary / Q000821:virology; D012463:Saliva / Q000821:virology; D013997:Time Factors; D019562:Viral Load; D014779:Virus Replication; D014901:West Nile Fever / Q000635:transmission*; D014902:West Nile virus / Q000502:physiology*