title: Soluble CD14 is associated with markers of vascular dysfunction in bariatric surgery patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Chronic endotoxemia has been proposed to contribute to obesity-related complications. We aimed to investigate the potential impact of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and subsequent monocyte activation measured as soluble CD14 (sCD14) on markers of vascular dysfunction in obese subjects undergoing bariatric surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a prospective study of 49 obese patients and 17 controls, assessed by plasma levels of LPS, sCD14, asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), and symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Levels of ADMA were increased in obese subjects compared to controls, but were not significantly reduced after bariatric surgery. In obese subjects at baseline, there was a significant trend to increasing levels of ADMA and SDMA through tertiles of sCD14 and decreasing levels of both markers through tertiles of LPS. In models adjusting for age and gender, sCD14 but not LPS remained independently associated with ADMA and SDMA. For every 10% age- and gender-adjusted increase in sCD14, ADMA increased 0.031 μM (5.6%), whereas SDMA increased 0.039 μM (10.8%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that monocyte activation as measured by sCD14 is associated with obesity-related vascular dysfunction, whereas potential upstream triggers including microbial products should be investigated in future studies.
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital , Oslo, Norway .
authors.forename: Marius
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Trøseid
authors.forename: Torunn K
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Nestvold
authors.forename: Erik W
authors.initials: EW
authors.lastname: Nielsen
authors.forename: Hanne
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Thoresen
authors.forename: Ingebjørg
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Seljeflot
authors.forename: Knut T
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Lappegård
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000378:metabolism; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D001120:Arginine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000097:blood; D050110:Bariatric Surgery; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D018950:Lipopolysaccharide Receptors / Q000097:blood*; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000737:chemistry; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009000:Monocytes / Q000166:cytology; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D014652:Vascular Diseases / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D018950:Lipopolysaccharide Receptors; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; C024917:symmetric dimethylarginine; C018524:N,N-dimethylarginine; D001120:Arginine