title: Rewilding the tropics, and other conservation translocations strategies in the tropical Asia-Pacific region.
abstract: Alarm over the prospects for survival of species in a rapidly changing world has encouraged discussion of translocation conservation strategies that move beyond the focus of 'at-risk' species. These approaches consider larger spatial and temporal scales than customary, with the aim of recreating functioning ecosystems through a combination of large-scale ecological restoration and species introductions. The term 'rewilding' has come to apply to this large-scale ecosystem restoration program. While reintroductions of species within their historical ranges have become standard conservation tools, introductions within known paleontological ranges-but outside historical ranges-are more controversial, as is the use of taxon substitutions for extinct species. Here, we consider possible conservation translocations for nine large-bodied taxa in tropical Asia-Pacific. We consider the entire spectrum of conservation translocation strategies as defined by the IUCN in addition to rewilding. The taxa considered are spread across diverse taxonomic and ecological spectra and all are listed as 'endangered' or 'critically endangered' by the IUCN in our region of study. They all have a written and fossil record that is sufficient to assess past changes in range, as well as ecological and environmental preferences, and the reasons for their decline, and they have all suffered massive range restrictions since the late Pleistocene. General principles, problems, and benefits of translocation strategies are reviewed as case studies. These allowed us to develop a conservation translocation matrix, with taxa scored for risk, benefit, and feasibility. Comparisons between taxa across this matrix indicated that orangutans, tapirs, Tasmanian devils, and perhaps tortoises are the most viable taxa for translocations. However, overall the case studies revealed a need for more data and research for all taxa, and their ecological and environmental needs. Rewilding the Asian-Pacific tropics remains a controversial conservation strategy, and would be difficult in what is largely a highly fragmented area geographically.
authors.affiliation: Department of Archaeology and Natural History, School of Culture, History and Languages, ANU College of Asia and the Pacific, Australian National University Canberra, ACT, 0200, Australia.
authors.forename: Julien
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Louys
authors.affiliation: Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences Yunnan, 666303, China.
authors.forename: Richard T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Corlett
authors.affiliation: School of Earth Sciences, The University of Queensland Brisbane, Qld, 4072, Australia.
authors.forename: Gilbert J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Price
authors.affiliation: Department of Archaeology and Natural History, School of Culture, History and Languages, ANU College of Asia and the Pacific, Australian National University Canberra, ACT, 0200, Australia.
authors.forename: Stuart
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hawkins
authors.affiliation: School of Archaeology and Anthropology, Australian National University Canberra, ACT, 0200, Australia.
authors.forename: Philip J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Piper
keywords: Australia; Pleistocene; Southeast Asia; conservation; extinction; mammal; tortoise