title: Formulation, characterisation and stabilisation of buccal films for paediatric drug delivery of omeprazole.
abstract: This study aimed to develop films for potential delivery of omeprazole (OME) via the buccal mucosa of paediatric patients. Films were prepared using hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC), methylcellulose (MC), sodium alginate (SA), carrageenan (CA) and metolose (MET) with polyethylene glycol (PEG 400) as plasticiser, OME (model drug) and L-arg (stabiliser). Gels (1% w/w) were prepared at 40°C using water and ethanol with PEG 400 (0-1% w/w) and dried in an oven (40°C). Optimised formulations containing OME and L-arg (1:1, 1:2 and 1:3) were prepared to investigate the stabilisation of the drug. Tensile properties (Texture analysis, TA), physical form (differential scanning calorimetry, DSC; X-ray diffraction, XRD; thermogravimetric analysis, TGA) and surface topography (scanning electron microscopy, SEM) were investigated. Based on the TA results, SA and MET films were chosen for OME loading and stabilisation studies as they showed a good balance between flexibility and toughness. Plasticised MET films were uniform and smooth whilst unplasticised films demonstrated rough lumpy surfaces. SA films prepared from aqueous gels showed some lumps on the surface, whereas SA films prepared from ethanolic gels were smooth and uniform. Drug-loaded gels showed that OME was unstable and therefore required addition of L-arg. The DSC and XRD suggested molecular dispersion of drug within the polymeric matrix. Plasticised (0.5% w/w PEG 400) MET films prepared from ethanolic (20% v/v) gels and containing OME: L-arg 1:2 showed the most ideal characteristics (transparency, ease of peeling and flexibility) and was selected for further investigation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical, Chemical and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Engineering and Science, University of Greenwich at Medway, Central Avenue, Chatham Maritime, ME4 4TB, Kent, UK.
authors.forename: Sajjad
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.forename: Joshua S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Boateng
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mitchell
authors.forename: Vivek
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Trivedi
mesh_terms: D000897:Anti-Ulcer Agents; D002152:Calorimetry, Differential Scanning; D002610:Cheek; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; D002648:Child; D004337:Drug Carriers; D006801:Humans; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D009853:Omeprazole / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D013718:Tensile Strength; D013818:Thermogravimetry; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction
chemical_list: D000897:Anti-Ulcer Agents; D004337:Drug Carriers; D009853:Omeprazole