title: Current surveys on the prevalence and distribution of Dirofilaria spp. and Acanthocheilonema reconditum infections in dogs in Romania.
abstract: During the last decades, Dirofilaria spp. infection in European dogs has rapidly spread from historically endemic areas towards eastern and northeastern countries, but little or no information is available from these geographical regions. The present study provides a picture of filarial infections in dogs from Romania and compares two tests for the diagnosis of Dirofilaria immitis. From July 2010 to March 2011, blood samples were collected from 390 dogs from nine counties of Romania and serological SNAP tests were performed for the detection of D. immitis antigen. The remaining blood clots were subsequently used for DNA extraction followed by multiplex PCR for assessing filarioid species diversity (i.e. D. immitis, Dirofilaria repens and Acanthocheilonema reconditum). Based on molecular detection, an overall prevalence of 6.92 % (n = 27; 95 % confidence interval (CI) 4.70-10.03 %) for D. repens, 6.15 % (n = 24; 95 % CI 4.07-9.14 %) for D. immitis and 2.05 % (n = 8; 95 % CI 0.96-4.16 %) for A. reconditum was recorded, with significant variations according to sampling areas. Coinfections of D. immitis and D. repens were recorded in 23.91 % (n = 11) positive dogs. A slightly higher prevalence for D. immitis was detected at the SNAP test (n = 28, 7.17 %; 95 % CI 4.91-10.33 %), but this difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.66). However, only 53.57 % (n = 15) of antigen-positive dogs were confirmed by PCR, while other dogs (n = 9) PCR positive for D. immitis were negative at the serology. The present study shows that Dirofilaria species are endemic in the southern and southeastern areas of Romania, This article also provides, for the first time, an epidemiological picture of the distribution of A. reconditum in Romania.
authors.affiliation: Department of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Calea Mănăştur 3-5, 400372, Cluj-Napoca, Romania, ionica.angela@usamvcluj.ro.
authors.forename: Angela Monica
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Ionică
authors.forename: Ioana Adriana
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Matei
authors.forename: Viorica
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Mircean
authors.forename: Mirabela Oana
authors.initials: MO
authors.lastname: Dumitrache
authors.forename: Gianluca
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: D'Amico
authors.forename: Adriana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Győrke
authors.forename: Nikola
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Pantchev
authors.forename: Giada
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Annoscia
authors.forename: Kateřina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Albrechtová
authors.forename: Domenico
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Otranto
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Modrý
authors.forename: Andrei Daniel
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Mihalca
mesh_terms: D063486:Acanthocheilonema / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D000818:Animals; D060085:Coinfection; D004182:Dirofilaria / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D004184:Dirofilariasis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000469:parasitology*; D004285:Dogs; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000662:veterinary; D015995:Prevalence; D012383:Romania / Q000453:epidemiology