title: Nitrogen recycling from fuel-extracted algal biomass: residuals as the sole nitrogen source for culturing Scenedesmus acutus.
abstract: In this study, the reuse of nitrogen from fuel-extracted algal residues was investigated. The alga Scenedesmus acutus was found to be able to assimilate nitrogen contained in amino acids, yeast extracts, and proteinaceous alga residuals. Moreover, these alternative nitrogen resources could replace nitrate in culturing media. The ability of S. acutus to utilize the nitrogen remaining in processed algal biomass was unique among the promising biofuel strains tested. This alga was leveraged in a recycling approach where nitrogen is recovered from algal biomass residuals that remain after lipids are extracted and carbohydrates are fermented to ethanol. The protein-rich residuals not only provided an effective nitrogen resource, but also contributed to a carbon "heterotrophic boost" in subsequent culturing, improving overall biomass and lipid yields relative to the control medium with only nitrate. Prior treatment of the algal residues with Diaion HP20 resin was required to remove compounds inhibitory to algal growth.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Geochemistry, Colorado School of Mines, 1500 Illinois St., Golden, CO 80401, USA.
authors.forename: Huiya
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.affiliation: National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, CO 80401, USA.
authors.forename: Nick
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nagle
authors.affiliation: National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, CO 80401, USA.
authors.forename: Philip T
authors.initials: PT
authors.lastname: Pienkos
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Geochemistry, Colorado School of Mines, 1500 Illinois St., Golden, CO 80401, USA. Electronic address: mposewit@mines.edu.
authors.forename: Matthew C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Posewitz
mesh_terms: D056804:Biofuels; D018533:Biomass; D005285:Fermentation / Q000187:drug effects; D008055:Lipids / Q000096:biosynthesis; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D010758:Phosphorus / Q000378:metabolism; D059027:Recycling; D044444:Scenedesmus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D056804:Biofuels; D008055:Lipids; D010758:Phosphorus; D009584:Nitrogen
keywords: Algal residuals; Mixotrophic growth; Nitrogen source; Nutrient recycling; Yeast extracts