title: Dysregulated microRNA-224/apelin axis associated with aggressive progression and poor prognosis in patients with prostate cancer.
abstract: Our previous study revealed that microRNA (miR)-224 down-regulation could promote tumor progression of prostate cancer (PCa) and might be associated with poor biochemical recurrence-free survival of patients with this malignancy. However, the underlying mechanisms of miR-224 have not been fully elucidated. In the current study, apelin (APLN) was identified as a target gene of miR-224. Forced expression of miR-224 inhibited PCa cell invasion and migration by suppressing the expression of APLN. In addition, the down-regulation of miR-224 was negatively correlated with the up-regulation of APLN mRNA in PCa tissues. Moreover, miR-224 down-regulation was significantly associated with advanced clinical stage (P = .027) and metastasis (P = .001), whereas APLN up-regulation more frequently occurred in PCa tissues with advanced pathologic stage (P = .003), metastasis (P < .001), and prostate-specific antigen failure (P = .001). Furthermore, patients with PCa in the miR-224-low/APLN-high group more frequently had shorter biochemical recurrence-free survival than those in groups with other expression patterns of the 2 molecules. Taken together, our data strongly confirmed for the first time that the dysregulated miR-224/APLN axis may be associated with tumorigenesis and aggressive progression of PCa. More importantly, miR-224 down-regulation and APLN up-regulation may synergistically predict biochemical recurrence-free survival in patients with PCa.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Huadu District People's Hospital, Southern Medical University,Guangzhou 510800, China.
authors.forename: Yueping
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wan
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Huadu District People's Hospital, Southern Medical University,Guangzhou 510800, China.
authors.forename: Zhao-chang
authors.initials: ZC
authors.lastname: Zeng
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Huadu District People's Hospital, Southern Medical University,Guangzhou 510800, China.
authors.forename: Ming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Xi
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Huadu District People's Hospital, Southern Medical University,Guangzhou 510800, China.
authors.forename: Song
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wan
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Huadu District People's Hospital, Southern Medical University,Guangzhou 510800, China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Hua
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Huadu District People's Hospital, Southern Medical University,Guangzhou 510800, China.
authors.forename: Yuan-ling
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Huadu District People's Hospital, Southern Medical University,Guangzhou 510800, China.
authors.forename: Yu-lin
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
authors.forename: Hong-wei
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510180, China.
authors.forename: Fu-neng
authors.initials: FN
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Huadu District People's Hospital, Southern Medical University,Guangzhou 510800, China; Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Department of Urology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510180, China. Electronic address: zhongwd2009@live.cn.
authors.forename: Wei-de
authors.initials: WD
authors.lastname: Zhong
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000073861:Apelin; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism*; D018450:Disease Progression; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000378:metabolism*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000378:metabolism; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: C115436:APLN protein, human; D000073861:Apelin; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; C546140:MIRN224 microRNA, human; D035683:MicroRNAs; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen
keywords: Apelin; Biochemical recurrence–free survival; Clinicopathological characteristic; MicroRNA-224; Prostate cancer