title: Should unobstructed gasping be facilitated and confirmed before administering adrenaline, otherwise, give titrated vasopressin?
abstract: A recent commentary, "Resuscitation That's (Un)Shockable: Time to Get the Adrenaline Flowing", published in the New England Journal of Medicine Journal Watch called attention to a relatively recent study showing that a large and increasing percentage of patients with in-hospital cardiac arrests exhibit initial nonshockable rhythms (asystole or pulseless electrical activity [PEA]; 82% in 2009 vs 69% in 2000) and a most recent study that concluded that neurologically intact survival to hospital discharge after in-hospital cardiac arrest was significantly more likely after earlier epinephrine administration. It was found that delayed administration of epinephrine was associated significantly with lower chance for survival to hospital discharge, in stepwise fashion (12%, 10%, 8%, and 7% survival, respectively, for patients receiving their first epinephrine dose≤3, 4-6, 7-9, and >9 minutes after arrest). Although early use of epinephrine to manage patients with nonshockable rhythms lacks strong evidence to support efficacy, focus on time to epinephrine administration-in addition to high-quality chest compressions-might be the best early intervention. However, evidence may strongly support the recommendation that adrenaline needs to be used very early because without effective-depth cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) with complete recoil, epinephrine may only be effective when gasping is present, which is a time-limited phenomenon. However, because very few rescuers can perform effective-depth chest compressions with complete recoil, gasping is critically necessary for adequate ventilation and generation of adequate coronary and cerebral perfusion. However, under acidemic conditions and high catecholamine levels and/or absence of gasping, vasopressin should be administered instead.
authors.affiliation: 301B Fenway Road, Columbus OH 43214. Electronic address: rottenberg.1@osu.edu.
authors.forename: Eric M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Rottenberg
mesh_terms: D016887:Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation / Q000379:methods*; D004417:Dyspnea / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D004837:Epinephrine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006323:Heart Arrest / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006336:Heart Massage; D006801:Humans; D014667:Vasopressins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D014667:Vasopressins; D004837:Epinephrine