title: ACR Appropriateness Criteria Dementia and Movement Disorders.
abstract: Neurodegenerative disease, including dementia, extrapyramidal degeneration, and motor system degeneration, is a growing public health concern and is quickly becoming one of the top health care priorities of developed nations. The primary function of anatomic neuroimaging studies in evaluating patients with dementia or movement disorders is to rule out structural causes that may be reversible. Lack of sensitivity and specificity of many neuroimaging techniques applied to a variety of neurodegenerative disorders has limited the role of neuroimaging in differentiating types of neurodegenerative disorders encountered in everyday practice. Nevertheless, neuroimaging is a valuable research tool and has provided insight into the structure and function of the brain in patients with neurodegenerative disorders. Advanced imaging techniques, such as functional neuroimaging with MRI and MR spectroscopy, hold exciting investigative potential for better understanding of neurodegenerative disorders, but they are not considered routine clinical practice at this time. The ACR Appropriateness Criteria are evidence-based guidelines for specific clinical conditions that are reviewed every 3 years by a multidisciplinary expert panel. The guideline development and review include an extensive analysis of current medical literature from peer-reviewed journals and the application of a well-established consensus methodology (modified Delphi) to rate the appropriateness of imaging and treatment procedures by the panel. In those instances in which evidence is lacking or not definitive, expert opinion may be used to recommend imaging or treatment.
authors.affiliation: Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, St Louis, Missouri. Electronic address: wippoldf@wustl.edu.
authors.forename: Franz J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Wippold
authors.affiliation: Hampton Roads Radiology Associates, Norfolk, Virginia.
authors.forename: Douglas C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.affiliation: Mayo Clinic Jacksonville, Jacksonville, Florida.
authors.forename: Daniel F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Broderick
authors.affiliation: Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York.
authors.forename: Judah
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Burns
authors.affiliation: Emory Universtiy, Atlanta, Georgia.
authors.forename: Amanda S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Corey
authors.affiliation: Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.
authors.forename: Tejaswini K
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Deshmukh
authors.affiliation: Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana.
authors.forename: Annette C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Douglas
authors.affiliation: MCVH-Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia; American Association of Neurological Surgeons, Rolling Meadows, Illinois; Congress of Neurological Surgeons, Schaumburg, Illinois.
authors.forename: Kathryn
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Holloway
authors.affiliation: University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.
authors.forename: Bharathi D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Jagadeesan
authors.affiliation: Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland; Society of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Reston, Virginia.
authors.forename: Jennifer S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Jurgens
authors.affiliation: University of Wisconsin Hospital and Clinic, Madison, Wisconsin.
authors.forename: Tabassum A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Kennedy
authors.affiliation: Fairfax Radiology Consultants PC, Fairfax, Virginia.
authors.forename: Nandini D
authors.initials: ND
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.affiliation: Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri; American Academy of Neurology, Minneapolis, Minnesota.
authors.forename: Joel S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Perlmutter
authors.affiliation: American Association of Neurological Surgeons, Rolling Meadows, Illinois; Congress of Neurological Surgeons, Schaumburg, Illinois; Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois.
authors.forename: Joshua M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Rosenow
authors.affiliation: American Association of Neurological Surgeons, Rolling Meadows, Illinois; Congress of Neurological Surgeons, Schaumburg, Illinois; UIC Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois.
authors.forename: Konstantin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Slavin
authors.affiliation: The Johns Hopkins Medical Institution, Baltimore, Maryland.
authors.forename: Ratham M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Subramaniam
mesh_terms: D003704:Dementia / Q000175:diagnosis*; D006801:Humans; D009069:Movement Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis*; D019636:Neurodegenerative Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis*; D059906:Neuroimaging / Q000592:standards*; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D011871:Radiology / Q000592:standards*; D014481:United States
keywords: Alzheimer disease; Appropriateness Criteria; Parkinson disease; dementia; neurodegenerative