title: An immune-enriched oligo-microarray analysis of gene expression in Manila clam (Venerupis philippinarum) haemocytes after a Perkinsus olseni challenge.
abstract: Parasites of the genus Perkinsus cause high mortality and economic losses in bivalves commonly produced in global aquaculture. Although the immune responses of oysters and clams naturally infected with Perkinsus marinus or Perkinsus olseni have been extensively studied, there is not much information on host response at the early stages of infection. In this study, we analysed how P. olseni influences the gene expression profiles of haemocytes from the Manila clam (Venerupis philippinarum) using temporal experimental infections and an immune-enriched microarray. We identified an early phase of infection that was characterised by no mortality and by the increased expression of genes associated with pathogen recognition, production of nitrogen radicals and antimicrobial activity. Cellular processes such as inhibition of serine proteases and proliferation were also involved in this early response. This phase was followed by an intermediate stage, when the pathogen was most likely multiplying and infecting new areas of the body, and animals began to die. In this stage, many genes related to cell movement were over-expressed. Thirty days after infection metabolic pathway genes were the most affected. Apoptosis appears to be important during pathogenesis. Our results provide novel observations of the broader innate immune response triggered by P. olseni at different infection stages.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Marine Research, IIM - CSIC, Eduardo Cabello, 6, 362018 Vigo, Spain.
authors.forename: Alejandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Romero
authors.affiliation: Institute of Marine Research, IIM - CSIC, Eduardo Cabello, 6, 362018 Vigo, Spain.
authors.forename: Gabriel
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Forn-Cuní
authors.affiliation: Institute of Marine Research, IIM - CSIC, Eduardo Cabello, 6, 362018 Vigo, Spain.
authors.forename: Rebeca
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Moreira
authors.affiliation: Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science (BCA), University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy.
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Milan
authors.affiliation: Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science (BCA), University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy.
authors.forename: Luca
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bargelloni
authors.affiliation: Institute of Marine Research, IIM - CSIC, Eduardo Cabello, 6, 362018 Vigo, Spain.
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Figueras
authors.affiliation: Institute of Marine Research, IIM - CSIC, Eduardo Cabello, 6, 362018 Vigo, Spain. Electronic address: virus@iim.csic.es.
authors.forename: Beatriz
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Novoa
mesh_terms: D056893:Alveolata / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D049872:Bivalvia / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000469:parasitology*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000276:immunology*; D006434:Hemocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000469:parasitology; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D059467:Transcriptome
keywords: Apoptosis; Immune response; Oligo-microarray; Perkinsus; Venerupis philippinarum