title: Monitoring Antibiotic Use and Residue in Freshwater Aquaculture for Domestic Use in Vietnam.
abstract: Vietnam is an important producer of aquaculture products, and aquatic products are essential to the Vietnamese diet. However, Vietnam also has very little enforced regulation pertaining to antibiotic usage in domestic aquaculture, which raises concerns for antibiotic resistance in pathogenic bacteria. In this study, analysis was conducted on the presence of antibiotic residues in domestically sold fish and shrimp raised in freshwater farms in Vietnam, and an assessment of farmers' knowledge of proper antibiotics usage was performed. The results indicated that a quarter of tested aquaculture products were antibiotic screening test positive, and there is a general lack of knowledge about the purpose and proper usage of antibiotics by aquaculture producers. Farmers' decision-making processes about antimicrobial use are influenced by biased sources of information, such as drug manufacturers and sellers, and by financial incentives.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Animal Science and Aquaculture (FASA), Hanoi University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Vietnam.
authors.forename: Dang Kim
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Pham
authors.affiliation: Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA.
authors.forename: Jacqueline
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chu
authors.affiliation: Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Program, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Hanoi, Vietnam.|Global Antibiotic Resistance Partnership, Hanoi, Vietnam.
authors.forename: Nga Thuy
authors.initials: NT
authors.lastname: Do
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Food Analysis, Department of Food Sciences, CART (Centre of Analytical Research & Technology), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.
authors.forename: François
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Brose
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Food Analysis, Department of Food Sciences, CART (Centre of Analytical Research & Technology), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.
authors.forename: Guy
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Degand
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Hormonology, CER Groupe, Marloie, Belgium.
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Delahaut
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry, Department of Chemistry, CART (Centre of Analytical Research & Technology), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.
authors.forename: Edwin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: De Pauw
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Food Analysis, Department of Food Sciences, CART (Centre of Analytical Research & Technology), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.
authors.forename: Caroline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Douny
authors.affiliation: National Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Hanoi, Vietnam.
authors.forename: Kinh Van
authors.initials: KV
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Animal Science and Aquaculture (FASA), Hanoi University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Vietnam.
authors.forename: Ton Dinh
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Vu
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Food Analysis, Department of Food Sciences, CART (Centre of Analytical Research & Technology), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.
authors.forename: Marie-Louise
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Scippo
authors.affiliation: Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Program, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Hanoi, Vietnam. Heiman.wertheim@gmail.com.|Centre for Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Oxford, UK. Heiman.wertheim@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Heiman F L
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Wertheim
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000032:analysis*; D017756:Aquaculture / Q000379:methods*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004522:Educational Status; D005399:Fishes; D005618:Fresh Water; D033561:Penaeidae; D045483:Rivers; D014744:Vietnam
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents
keywords: antibiotics; aquaculture; residue; resistance; vietnam