title: Surgically avertable burden of obstetric conditions in low- and middle-income regions: a modelled analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To quantify the burden of maternal and neonatal conditions in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) that could be averted by full access to quality first-level obstetric surgical procedures.
  
  
  METHODS
  Burden of disease and epidemiological modelling.
  
  
  METHODS
  LMICs from all global regions.
  
  
  METHODS
  The entire population in 2010.
  
  
  METHODS
  We included five conditions in our analysis: maternal haemorrhage; obstructed labour; obstetric fistula; abortion(1) ; and neonatal encephalopathy. Demographic and epidemiological data were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease 2010 study. We split the disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) of these conditions into surgically 'avertable' and 'non-avertable' burdens. We applied the lowest age-specific fatality rates from all global regions to each LMIC region to estimate the avertable deaths, assuming that the differences of death rates between each region and the lowest rates reflect the gap in surgical care.
  
  
  METHODS
  Deaths and DALYs avertable.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the estimated 56.6 million DALYs (i.e. 56.6 million years of healthy life lost) of the selected five conditions, 21.1 million DALYs (37%) are avertable by full coverage of quality obstetric surgery in LMICs. The avertable burden in absolute term is substantial given the size of burden of these conditions in LMICs. Neonatal encephalopathy constitutes the largest portion of avertable burden (16.2 million DALYs) among the five conditions, followed by abortion (2.1 million DALYs).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Improving access to quality surgical care at first-level hospitals could reduce a tremendous burden of maternal and neonatal conditions in LMICs.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; School of Population Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Higashi
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Barendregt
authors.forename: N J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Kassebaum
authors.forename: T G
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: Weiser
authors.forename: S W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Bickler
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Vos
mesh_terms: D001720:Birth Injuries / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D017281:Cost of Illness; D036861:Delivery, Obstetric; D003906:Developing Countries; D005260:Female; D013509:Gynecologic Surgical Procedures; D006297:Health Services Accessibility; D006801:Humans; D002534:Hypoxia, Brain / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008017:Life Expectancy; D015233:Models, Statistical; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000601:surgery*; D019057:Quality-Adjusted Life Years; D014719:Vesicovaginal Fistula / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000601:surgery*
keywords: Burden of disease; maternal conditions; neonatal conditions; obstetrics; surgery