title: Stem cells and applications: a survey.
abstract: Since the 1960s and the therapeutic use of hematopoietic stem cells of bone marrow origin, there has been increasing interest in the study of undifferentiated progenitors that have ability to proliferate and differentiate in different tissues. Different stem cells (SC) with different potential can be isolated and characterised. Despite the promise of embryonic stem cells, in many cases, adult stem cells provide a more interesting approach to clinical applications. It is undeniable that mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) from bone marrow, adipose tissue or MSC of Wharton Jelly, which have limited potential, are of interest for clinical applications in regenerative medicine because they are easily separated and prepared and no ethical problems are involved in their use.During the last 10 years, these multipotent cells have generated considerable interest and in particular have been shown to escape allogeneic immune response and be capable of immunomodulatory activity. These properties may be of a great interest for regenerative medicine. Different clinical applications are under study (cardiac insufficiency, atherosclerosis, stroke, bone, cartilage, diabetes, ophthalmology, urology, liver, organ's reconstruction…).
authors.affiliation: CNRS, UMR 7365, Biopole, Faculté de Médecine, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France CHU de Nancy, Unité de Thérapie Cellulaire et Tissulaire (FR CNRS-INSERM-UHP-CHU 3209), Hôpitaux de Brabois, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France.
authors.forename: J-F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Stoltz
authors.affiliation: CNRS, UMR 7365, Biopole, Faculté de Médecine, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France CHU de Nancy, Unité de Thérapie Cellulaire et Tissulaire (FR CNRS-INSERM-UHP-CHU 3209), Hôpitaux de Brabois, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bensoussan
authors.affiliation: Service de Thérapie Cellulaire, Calmette Hospital, Kunming, China.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: CNRS, UMR 7365, Biopole, Faculté de Médecine, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France CHU de Nancy, Unité de Thérapie Cellulaire et Tissulaire (FR CNRS-INSERM-UHP-CHU 3209), Hôpitaux de Brabois, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Decot
authors.affiliation: CNRS, UMR 7365, Biopole, Faculté de Médecine, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: De Isla
authors.affiliation: Medical College and Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, China.
authors.forename: Y P
authors.initials: YP
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: CNRS, UMR 7365, Biopole, Faculté de Médecine, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Huselstein
authors.affiliation: INSERM UMR 1109, Faculté de Médecine, Strasbourg, France.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Benkirane-Jessel
authors.affiliation: Anzhen Hospital, Cardiovascular and Lung Research Center, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: CNRS, UMR 7365, Biopole, Faculté de Médecine, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Reppel
authors.affiliation: Medical College and Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, China.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: CNRS, UMR 7365, Biopole, Faculté de Médecine, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France Medical College and Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, China.
authors.forename: Y Y
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006801:Humans; D012038:Regeneration / Q000502:physiology*; D057905:Stem Cell Research; D033581:Stem Cell Transplantation / Q000379:methods*; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000502:physiology*; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods*
keywords: Stem cells; clinical studies; forecast markets; international regulations; tissue engineering