title: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs use is associated with reduced risk of inflammation-associated cancers: NIH-AARP study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Chronic inflammation has been linked to cancers, and use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) has been associated with reduced risk of several cancers. To further refine the magnitude of NSAID-related associations, in particular for cancers related to inflammation, such as alcohol-, infection-, obesity-, and smoking-related cancers, as well as for less common cancers, we evaluated the use of NSAIDs and cancer risk in a very large cohort. We used propensity scores to account for potential selection bias and hypothesized that NSAID use is associated with decreased cancer incidence.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a prospective study among 314,522 participants in the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study. Individuals who completed the lifestyle questionnaire, which included NSAID use, in 1996-1997 were followed through 2006. Information on cancer incidence was ascertained by linking to cancer registries and vital status databases.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During 2,715,994 person-years of follow-up (median 10.1 person-years), there were 51,894 incident cancers. Compared with non-users of NSAIDs, individuals who reported use in the 12 months prior to interview had a significantly lower risk of all inflammation-related cancer, alcohol-related, infection-related, obesity-related, and smoking-related cancers [hazard ratio (HR) (95% CI)) 0.90 (0.87-0.93), 0.80 (0.74-0.85), 0.82 (0.78-0.87), 0.88 (0.84-0.92), and 0.88 (0.85-0.92) respectively)].
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  After accounting for potential selection bias, our data showed an inverse association between NSAID use and alcohol-related, infection-related, obesity-related, and smoking-related cancers and support the hypothesis that inflammation is related to an increased risk of certain cancers.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Department of Human Health and Services, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America.
authors.forename: Fatma M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Shebl
authors.affiliation: Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Department of Human Health and Services, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America.
authors.forename: Ann W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Hsing
authors.affiliation: Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Department of Human Health and Services, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America.
authors.forename: Yikyung
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: AARP (Retired), Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America.
authors.forename: Albert R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Hollenbeck
authors.affiliation: Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, California, United States of America; Stanford Cancer Institute, Palo Alto, California, United States of America.
authors.forename: Lisa W
authors.initials: LW
authors.lastname: Chu
authors.affiliation: Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Department of Human Health and Services, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America.
authors.forename: Tamra E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Meyer
authors.affiliation: Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Department of Human Health and Services, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America.
authors.forename: Jill
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Koshiol
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001241:Aspirin / Q000494:pharmacology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007249:Inflammation / Q000150:complications; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009316:National Institutes of Health (U.S.); D009369:Neoplasms / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012306:Risk; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D001241:Aspirin