title: Evaluation of cytotoxic and apoptotic effects of individual and mixed 7-ketophytosterol oxides on human intestinal carcinoma cells.
abstract: Phytosterol oxidation products (POPs) are constituents of the human diet. Definitive information on the toxic or biological effects of POPs is limited and in some cases contradictory. This study evaluates the cytotoxicity of four individual 7-ketophytosterol oxides, including 7-ketositosterol (7K-SI), 7-ketocampesterol (7K-CA), 7-ketobrassicasterol (7K-BR), 7-ketostigmasterol (7K-ST), and a mixture of 7-ketophytosterols (7K-MIX) toward a human intestinal carcinoma (HIC) cell line. Results showed that all tested compounds reduced cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner; especially 7K-SI and 7K-CA exhibited higher activities. Both compounds increased early apoptotic cells and caused cell cycle arrest in the G1 phase with cell accumulation in the S phase. No evidence of cell death was observed induced by 7K-ST and 7K-MIX. Furthermore, 7K-SI, 7K-CA, and 7K-BR induced apoptosis by enhancing caspase-3 activity and the modulatory effects of Bcl-2, while 7K-ST and 7K-MIX did not involve caspase-3 activation and Bcl-2 down-regulation.
authors.affiliation: School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University , 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei 230036, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Junlan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Shaopeng
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Lele
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Beijiu
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: An
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Lijun
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D059447:Cell Cycle Checkpoints / Q000187:drug effects; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D016193:G1 Phase / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007414:Intestinal Neoplasms / Q000737:chemistry / Q000473:pathology*; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000032:analysis; D016196:S Phase / Q000187:drug effects; D012855:Sitosterols / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: C116880:7-ketositosterol; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D012855:Sitosterols; D053148:Caspase 3
keywords: 7-ketophytosterol oxides; HIC cells; apoptosis; cell cycle; cytotoxicity