title: Environmental surveillance of poliovirus in sewage water around the introduction period for inactivated polio vaccine in Japan.
abstract: Environmental virus surveillance was conducted at two independent sewage plants from urban and rural areas in the northern prefecture of the Kyushu district, Japan, to trace polioviruses (PVs) within communities. Consequently, 83 PVs were isolated over a 34-month period from April 2010 to January 2013. The frequency of PV isolation at the urban plant was 1.5 times higher than that at the rural plant. Molecular sequence analysis of the viral VP1 gene identified all three serotypes among the PV isolates, with the most prevalent serotype being type 2 (46%). Nearly all poliovirus isolates exhibited more than one nucleotide mutation from the Sabin vaccine strains. During this study, inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) was introduced for routine immunization on 1 September 2012, replacing the live oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV). Interestingly, the frequency of PV isolation from sewage waters declined before OPV cessation at both sites. Our study highlights the importance of environmental surveillance for the detection of the excretion of PVs from an OPV-immunized population in a highly sensitive manner, during the OPV-to-IPV transition period.
authors.affiliation: Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Gakuen, Musashimurayama-shi, Tokyo, Japan Fukuoka Institute of Health and Environmental Sciences, Dazaifu-shi, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Tomofumi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.affiliation: Fukuoka Institute of Health and Environmental Sciences, Dazaifu-shi, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Mitsuhiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hamasaki
authors.affiliation: Fukuoka Institute of Health and Environmental Sciences, Dazaifu-shi, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Hideaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yoshitomi
authors.affiliation: Fukuoka Institute of Health and Environmental Sciences, Dazaifu-shi, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Tetsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ishibashi
authors.affiliation: Fukuoka Institute of Health and Environmental Sciences, Dazaifu-shi, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Chiharu
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yoshiyama
authors.affiliation: Fukuoka Institute of Health and Environmental Sciences, Dazaifu-shi, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Eriko
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Maeda
authors.affiliation: Fukuoka Institute of Health and Environmental Sciences, Dazaifu-shi, Fukuoka, Japan sera@fihes.pref.fukuoka.jp.
authors.forename: Nobuyuki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sera
authors.affiliation: Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Gakuen, Musashimurayama-shi, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiromu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yoshida
mesh_terms: D036022:Capsid Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D014644:Genetic Variation; D005838:Genotype; D007564:Japan; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D017354:Point Mutation; D017955:Poliovirus / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D011054:Poliovirus Vaccine, Inactivated / Q000008:administration & dosage; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D012722:Sewage / Q000821:virology*; D014611:Vaccination / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data
chemical_list: D036022:Capsid Proteins; D011054:Poliovirus Vaccine, Inactivated; D012722:Sewage; C442540:VP1 protein, Poliovirus