title: Substitution effects of a carbonated hydroxyapatite biomaterial against intoxication chloride nickel-exposed rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to investigate the potential effects of a synthetic apatite (carbonated hydroxyapatite) on the detoxification of a group of male "Wistar" rats exposed to nickel chloride.
  
  
  METHODS
  Toxicity was evaluated by rats' bioassay of nickel chloride. Wistar rats received this metal daily by gavage for seven days (4 mg/ml nickel chloride/200 g body weight, BW). To detoxify this organism, a subcutaneous implantation of the apatite is made.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results revealed that exposure to nickel induced oxidative stress, disorders in the balances of ferric phosphocalcic, renal failures, liver toxicity and significant increase in nickel rates in the bones of intoxicated rats. The application of the carbonated hydroxyapatite presented in this study restored those disorders back to normal. The synthetic apatite protected the rats against the toxic effects of nickel by lowering the levels of lipid peroxidation markers and improving the activities of defense enzymes. It also amended ferric and phosphocalcic equilibriums, protected liver and kidney functions and reduced the nickel rate in the bones of the rats. Overall, the results provided strong support for the protective role of carbonated hydroxyapatite in the detoxification of rats exposed to nickel. Those beneficial effects were further confirmed by physico-chemical characterization (X-ray diffraction and infrared spectroscopy), which revealed its property of anionic and cationic substitution, thus supporting its promising candidacy for future biomedical application.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The hydroxyapatite is an effective biomaterial to solve health problems, particularly detoxification against metals (nickel).
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Sciences of Sfax, Laboratory of Animal Ecophysiology, University of Sfax , Sfax , Tunisia .
authors.forename: Salha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Boulila
authors.forename: Abdelfattah
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Elfeki
authors.forename: Hassane
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Oudadesse
authors.forename: Hafed
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Elfeki
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000931:Antidotes / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D002254:Carbonates / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use; D055598:Chemical Phenomena; D056486:Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D004343:Drug Implants; D006882:Hydroxyapatites / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D009532:Nickel / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*; D016877:Oxidants / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D011041:Poisoning / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D011208:Powders; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D051437:Renal Insufficiency / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D016060:Sorption Detoxification; D040521:Subcutaneous Tissue; D014018:Tissue Distribution / Q000187:drug effects; D066007:Toxicokinetics
chemical_list: D000931:Antidotes; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D002254:Carbonates; D004343:Drug Implants; D006882:Hydroxyapatites; D016877:Oxidants; D011208:Powders; C022838:nickel chloride; D009532:Nickel
keywords: Biomaterial; implantation; intoxication; metal; rats