title: Homologous recombination in pestiviruses: identification of three putative novel events between different subtypes/genogroups.
abstract: Viruses from the genus Pestivirus of the family Flaviviridae have a non-segmented, single-stranded RNA genome and can cause diseases in animals from the order Artiodactyla. Homologous recombination is rarely reported in this virus family. To detect possible recombination events, all complete pestivirus genomes that are available in GenBank were screened using distinct algorithms to detect genetic conversions and incongruent phylogenies. Three putative recombinant viruses derived from recombination from different pestivirus subtypes/genogroups were detected: Bovine viral diarrhea virus 1 (BVDV-1) strain 3156, BVDV-2 strain JZ05-1 and Classical swine fever virus (CSFV) strain IND/UK/LAL-290. The present study demonstrated that the pestivirus classification cannot be based only on the analysis of one fragment of the genome because genetic conversions can lead to errors. The designation of the recombinant forms (RF) provides a more informative structure for the nomenclature of the genetic variant. The present work reinforces that homologous recombination occurs in pestivirus populations under natural replication and describes the first evidence of recombination in BVDV-2.
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Virologia, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Matheus Nunes
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Weber
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Virologia, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: André Felipe
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Streck
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Virologia, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Simone
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Silveira
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Virologia, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ana Cristina Sbaraini
authors.initials: ACS
authors.lastname: Mósena
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Virologia, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Mariana Soares
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: da Silva
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Virologia, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. Electronic address: claudio.canal@ufrgs.br.
authors.forename: Cláudio Wageck
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Canal
mesh_terms: D016000:Cluster Analysis; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D016679:Genome, Viral / Q000235:genetics*; D005838:Genotype; D059765:Homologous Recombination / Q000235:genetics*; D010576:Pestivirus / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics*; D010802:Phylogeny
keywords: Evolution; Pestivirus; Phylogeny; RDP; Recombination