title: Reduction of spasticity in cerebral palsy by anodal transcranial direct current stimulation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the anti-spasticity effects of anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) in individuals with spastic cerebral palsy (CP).
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-six children and adolescents with cerebral palsy were randomly assigned to either active (1 mA anodal) or sham (placebo) tDCS over the left primary motor cortex (Ml) on five consecutive days. Both group also received routine physical therapy. Measures of spasticity and passive range of motion (PROM) were administered before treatment, immediately after treatment, and at 24- and 48-hours follow-up.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Participants assigned to active tDCS treatment evidenced significantly more pre- to immediately post-treatment reductions in spasticity than participants assigned to the sham (p = 0.004, p<O. 001l, andp = 0.004 for shoulder wrist, and fingers respectively) and these improvement in spasticity maintainedfor at least 48 hours for wrist joints (p = 0.023). There was only one participant in the active tDCS condition developed erythematous rash. However, all participants tolerated the tDCS well without any serious adverse events.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Anodal tDCS appeared to reduce CP-relatedspasticity (but not PROM) in the short term. Researches examine the long term benefits of this intervention on spasticity are warranted.
authors.forename: Benchaporn
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Aree-uea
authors.forename: Narong
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Auvichayapat
authors.forename: Taweesak
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Janyacharoen
authors.forename: Wantana
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Siritaratiwat
authors.forename: Anuwat
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Amatachaya
authors.forename: Jitlada
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Prasertnoo
authors.forename: Orathai
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Tunkamnerdthai
authors.forename: Bandit
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Thinkhamrop
authors.forename: Mark P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Jensen
authors.forename: Paradee
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Auvichayapat
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002547:Cerebral Palsy / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009128:Muscle Spasticity / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D026741:Physical Therapy Modalities; D065908:Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation; D016896:Treatment Outcome