title: American Medical Society for Sports Medicine position statement: interventional musculoskeletal ultrasound in sports medicine.
abstract: The use of diagnostic and interventional ultrasound has significantly increased over the past decade. A majority of the increased utilization is by nonradiologists. In sports medicine, ultrasound is often used to guide interventions such as aspirations, diagnostic or therapeutic injections, tenotomies, releases, and hydrodissections. This American Medical Society for Sports Medicine (AMSSM) position statement critically reviews the literature and evaluates the accuracy, efficacy, and cost-effectiveness of ultrasound-guided injections in major, intermediate, and small joints, and soft tissues, all of which are commonly performed in sports medicine. New ultrasound-guided procedures and future trends are also briefly discussed. Based on the evidence, the official AMSSM position relevant to each subject is made.
authors.affiliation: *Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California; †Mayo Clinic Sports Medicine Center, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Mayo Clinic School of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota; ‡Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, Department of Family Medicine, University of Iowa Sports Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa; §Midwest Sports Medicine Institute, Middleton, Wisconsin; ¶Department of Orthopaedics and Emergency Medicine, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; ‖Outpatient Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation, St. Jude Medical Center, Fullerton, California; **Department of Family Medicine, Division of Sports Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; ††Maine Medical Center, Portland, Maine; ‡‡Department of Family Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; §§Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Sports Medicine Center, Rochester, Minnesota; and ¶¶Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.
authors.forename: Jonathan T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Finnoff
authors.forename: Mederic M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Hall
authors.forename: Erik
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Adams
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Berkoff
authors.forename: Andrew L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Concoff
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Dexter
authors.forename: Jay
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Smith
mesh_terms: D001265:Athletic Injuries / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D007270:Injections, Intra-Articular / Q000592:standards; D009141:Musculoskeletal System / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D012955:Societies, Medical; D013178:Sports Medicine / Q000592:standards*; D058971:Tenotomy / Q000592:standards; D018084:Ultrasonography, Interventional / Q000592:standards*; D014481:United States