title: Longitudinal effect of curcumin-photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy in adolescents during fixed orthodontic treatment: a single-blind randomized clinical trial study.
abstract: White spot lesions are one of the concerns during the fixed orthodontic treatment. Thus, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the antimicrobial/anti-inflammatory effect of curcumin-photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy (c-PACT) and chlorhexidine varnish on the plaque accumulation and gingival bleeding in adolescents under fixed orthodontic treatment. A randomized clinical trial was performed with an initial number of 45 patients being distributed into three groups: group I-chlorhexidine varnish 2%, group II-placebo varnish, and group III-c-PACT (curcumin at 1.5 mg.mL(-1)) exposed to blue Light-emitting diode (LED) light at 450 nm (power density = 165 mW.cm(-2), fluency = 96 J.cm(-2), total dose = 150.7 J). The treatments were performed for four consecutive times with an interval of 1 week each. After the interventions, two calibrated examiners (Kappa value = 0.75) analyzed the dental plaque accumulation by plaque index (PI) and gingivitis condition by gingival bleeding index (GBI) with 1 and 3 months of follow-up after the treatments comprised a final sample of 35 patients. No significant difference was found to PI between the groups during baseline and 1-month period. Group III (1.52 ± 0.51) presented significance difference from group I (0.91 ± 0.75) and group II (1.03 ± 0.51) at 3 months of follow-up. In this same period, there was more plaque accumulation with significant statistical difference (P ≤ 0.05) in comparison to the other periods to all studied groups. There was a GBI reduction statistically significant to groups I and III at 1-month follow-up in comparison to other periods. No effect was verified to dental plaque accumulation after the photodynamic application mediated with curcumin activated with a blue LED light.
authors.affiliation: Master Program in Dentistry, CEUMA University, São Luís, MA, 65075-120, Brazil. marcobpaschoal@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Marco Aurélio
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Paschoal
authors.affiliation: Araraquara Dental School, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Rua Humaitá, 1680, Araraquara, SP, 14801-903, Brazil. cizanin@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Cíntia Maria Zanin
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Moura
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Araraquara Dental School, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, SP, 14801-903, Brazil. fabianojeremias1@yahoo.com.br.
authors.forename: Fabiano
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Jeremias
authors.affiliation: Master's Program in Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Positivo University - UP, Curitiba, PR, 81280-330, Brazil. julianafeltrin@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Juliana Feltrin
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Souza
authors.affiliation: São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, USP, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil. vander@ifsc.usp.br.
authors.forename: Vanderlei S
authors.initials: VS
authors.lastname: Bagnato
authors.affiliation: São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, USP, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Juçaíra S M
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Giusti
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Araraquara Dental School, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, SP, 14801-903, Brazil. lspinto@foar.unesp.br.
authors.forename: Lourdes
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Santos-Pinto
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002710:Chlorhexidine / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003474:Curcumin / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003773:Dental Plaque / Q000188:drug therapy; D003774:Dental Plaque Index; D005884:Gingival Hemorrhage / Q000188:drug therapy; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D009970:Orthodontics; D010778:Photochemotherapy; D016037:Single-Blind Method
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D003474:Curcumin; D002710:Chlorhexidine
keywords: Curcumin; Orthodontic appliances; Photochemotherapy