title: Interaction of dermatologically relevant nanoparticles with skin cells and skin.
abstract: The investigation of nanoparticle interactions with tissues is complex. High levels of standardization, ideally testing of different material types in the same biological model, and combinations of sensitive imaging and detection methods are required. Here, we present our studies on nanoparticle interactions with skin, skin cells, and biological media. Silica, titanium dioxide and silver particles were chosen as representative examples for different types of skin exposure to nanomaterials, e.g., unintended environmental exposure (silica) versus intended exposure through application of sunscreen (titanium dioxide) or antiseptics (silver). Because each particle type exhibits specific physicochemical properties, we were able to apply different combinations of methods to examine skin penetration and cellular uptake, including optical microscopy, electron microscopy, X-ray microscopy on cells and tissue sections, flow cytometry of isolated skin cells as well as Raman microscopy on whole tissue blocks. In order to assess the biological relevance of such findings, cell viability and free radical production were monitored on cells and in whole tissue samples. The combination of technologies and the joint discussion of results enabled us to look at nanoparticle-skin interactions and the biological relevance of our findings from different angles.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Charité-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Chariteplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Annika
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vogt
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Charité-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Chariteplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Fiorenza
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Rancan
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Charité-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Chariteplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Sebastian
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ahlberg
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Charité-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Chariteplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Berouz
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Nazemi
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Charité-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Chariteplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany ; Kim Il Sung University, Ryongnam-Dong, Taesong District, Pyongyang, DPR Korea.
authors.forename: Chun Sik
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Choe
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Charité-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Chariteplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Maxim E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Darvin
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Charité-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Chariteplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Sabrina
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hadam
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Charité-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Chariteplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Ulrike
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Blume-Peytavi
authors.affiliation: Inorganic Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CeNIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitaetsstr. 5-7, 45117 Essen, Germany.
authors.forename: Kateryna
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Loza
authors.affiliation: Inorganic Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CeNIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitaetsstr. 5-7, 45117 Essen, Germany.
authors.forename: Jörg
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Diendorf
authors.affiliation: Inorganic Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CeNIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitaetsstr. 5-7, 45117 Essen, Germany.
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Epple
authors.affiliation: Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Freie Universitaet Berlin, Takustr. 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Christina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Graf
authors.affiliation: Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Freie Universitaet Berlin, Takustr. 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Eckart
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rühl
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Charité-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Chariteplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Martina C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Meinke
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Charité-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Chariteplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Jürgen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lademann
keywords: hair follicle; nanodermatology; nanoparticle penetration; skin barrier