title: Impairment of myocardial mitochondria in viral myocardial disease and its reflective window in peripheral cells.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Viral myocardial disease (VMD) is a common disease inducing heart failure. It has not been clear the roles of mitochondrial damage in the pathological changes of cardiomyocytes in VMD.
  
  
  METHODS
  Myocardial tissues and lymphocytes were collected from 83 VMD patients. Control groups included 12 cases of healthy accidental death with myocardial autopsy and 23 healthy blood donors. The mouse model of viral myocarditis (VMC) was established by Coxsackie virus B3 infection and myocardial tissues and skeletal muscle were collected. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) deletion rate was quantitatively determined using polymerase chain reaction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was significantly difference of myocardial mitochondrial DNA deletion rate between VMD or VMC group and control group (P<0.05). Moreover, the loss of mitochondrial membrane phospholipids was significantly different between VMD or VMC group and control group. In VMC mice, there were negative correlations between myocardial mtDNA3867 deletion rate and left ventricular peak systolic pressure (LVPSP) (r = -0.66, P<0.05), and between myocardial mtDNA3867 deletion rate and +dp/dtmax (r = -0.79, P<0.05), while there was positive correlation between myocardial mtDNA3867 deletion rate and -dp/dtmax (r = 0.80, P<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Mitochondrial damage is an important pathophysiological mechanism leading to myocardial injury and cardiac dysfunction. The mitochondrial damage in the skeletal muscle and lymphocytes reflect a "window" of myocardial mitochondrial damage.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
authors.forename: Jin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
authors.forename: Deng-Feng
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, 27157-1009, United States of America.
authors.forename: Hao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
authors.forename: Rui
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
authors.forename: Zhi-Quan
authors.initials: ZQ
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
authors.forename: Zu-Yi
authors.initials: ZY
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.affiliation: Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
authors.forename: Ming-Xia
authors.initials: MX
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D009202:Cardiomyopathies / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D002311:Cardiomyopathy, Dilated / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003384:Coxsackievirus Infections / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008875:Middle Aged; D008929:Mitochondria, Heart / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D051336:Mitochondrial Membranes / Q000473:pathology; D009205:Myocarditis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D010743:Phospholipids / Q000378:metabolism; D017384:Sequence Deletion; D014777:Virus Diseases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial; D010743:Phospholipids