title: Hand function and performance of daily activities in systemic lupus erythematosus: a clinical study.
abstract: This clinical study was performed to investigate hand problems in individuals with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in comparison with healthy controls, and to explore problems in the performance of daily activities related to these hand problems, in order to objectify findings from a previous mail survey. We also investigated whether a simple hand test could detect hand problems in SLE. All individuals, 71 with SLE and 71 healthy controls, were examined for manifestations in body structures and body functions of the hands with a study-specific protocol. The simple hand test was performed by all the individuals and the arthritis impact measurement scale (AIMS 2) questionnaire was completed by the SLE individuals. In the SLE group, 58% had some kind of difficulty in the simple hand test, compared with 8% in the control group. Fifty percent of the SLE individuals experienced problems in performing daily activities due to hand deficits. Pain in the hands, reduced strength and dexterity, Raynaud's phenomenon and trigger finger were the most prominent body functions affecting the performance of daily activities. Deficits in hand function are common in SLE and affect the performance of daily activities. The simple hand test may be a useful tool in detecting hand problems.
authors.affiliation: Lund University, Department of Clinical Sciences, Rheumatology, Lund, Sweden pia.malcusjohnsson@skane.se.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Malcus Johnsson
authors.affiliation: Lund University, Department of Clinical Sciences, Rheumatology, Lund, Sweden.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sandqvist
authors.affiliation: Lund University, Department of Clinical Sciences, Rheumatology, Lund, Sweden.
authors.forename: J-Å
authors.initials: JÅ
authors.lastname: Nilsson
authors.affiliation: Lund University, Department of Clinical Sciences, Rheumatology, Lund, Sweden.
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Bengtsson
authors.affiliation: Lund University, Department of Clinical Sciences, Rheumatology, Lund, Sweden.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sturfelt
authors.affiliation: Lund University, Department of Clinical Sciences, Rheumatology, Lund, Sweden.
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Nived
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006225:Hand / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000150:complications*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010146:Pain; D011928:Raynaud Disease; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: SLE; daily activities; hand function