title: Elevated levels of 14-3-3 proteins, serotonin, gamma enolase and pyruvate kinase identified in clinical samples from patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Colorectal cancer (CRC), a heterogeneous disease that is common in both men and women, continues to be one of the predominant cancers worldwide. Lifestyle, diet, environmental factors and gene defects all contribute towards CRC development risk. Therefore, the identification of novel biomarkers to aid in the management of CRC is crucial. The aim of the present study was to identify candidate biomarkers for CRC, and to develop a better understanding of their role in tumourogenesis.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this study, both plasma and tissue samples from patients diagnosed with CRC, together with non-malignant and normal controls were examined using mass spectrometry based proteomics and metabolomics approaches.
  
  
  RESULTS
  It was established that the level of several biomolecules, including serotonin, gamma enolase, pyruvate kinase and members of the 14-3-3 family of proteins, showed statistically significant changes when comparing malignant versus non-malignant patient samples, with a distinct pattern emerging mirroring cancer cell energy production.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The diagnosis and management of CRC could be enhanced by the discovery and validation of new candidate biomarkers, as found in this study, aimed at facilitating early detection and/or patient stratification together with providing information on the complex behaviour of cancer cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, National University of Ireland, Maynooth, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland; National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland. Electronic address: paul.dowling@nuim.ie.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Dowling
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Medical Physics and Centre for Systems Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland.
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Hughes
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland.
authors.forename: Anne Marie
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Larkin
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland.
authors.forename: Justine
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Meiller
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Henry
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland.
authors.forename: Paula
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Meleady
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland.
authors.forename: Vincent
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Lynch
authors.affiliation: Human Genetics Foundation, Turin, Italy.
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Pardini
authors.affiliation: Human Genetics Foundation, Turin, Italy.
authors.forename: Alessio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Naccarati
authors.affiliation: 1st Medical Faculty of Charles University and Thomayer University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Miroslav
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Levy
authors.affiliation: Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic; Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, 1st Medical Faculty, Charles University, Prage, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Pavel
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Vodicka
authors.affiliation: Department of Colorectal Surgery, AMNCH Hospital, Dublin 24, Ireland.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Neary
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Clynes
mesh_terms: D048948:14-3-3 Proteins / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism; D000368:Aged; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D055432:Metabolomics; D008875:Middle Aged; D010751:Phosphopyruvate Hydratase / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism; D040901:Proteomics; D011770:Pyruvate Kinase / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism; D012701:Serotonin / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D048948:14-3-3 Proteins; D012701:Serotonin; D011770:Pyruvate Kinase; D010751:Phosphopyruvate Hydratase
keywords: 14-3-3 Proteins; Biomarkers; Colorectal cancer; Mass spectrometry; Proteomics; Pyruvate kinase