title: Prevalence of asthma with airflow limitation, COPD, and COPD with variable airflow limitation in older subjects in a general Japanese population: the Hisayama Study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Elucidating the prevalence of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is important for designing a public health strategy. Recent studies have discriminated a phenotype of COPD with variable airflow limitation (COPD-VAL) associated with asthma-COPD overlap syndrome. Its prevalence remains uncertain. The age and occupational distributions in the town of Hisayama and in Japan are nearly identical. Each disease's prevalence was estimated for the town's residents.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 2008, town residents (≥ 40 years) were solicited to participate in a health checkup. Individuals with abnormal spirometry (forced expiratory volume in 1s/forced vital capacity [FEV1/FVC]<70% and/or %FVC<80%) were recommended for further evaluations. Two pulmonologists in a blinded fashion reviewed their medical records, including bronchodilator reversibility. Individuals with airflow limitation were classified as having asthma, COPD, COPD-VAL, or other diseases. The prevalence of each disease was then estimated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 2100 residents (43.4% of residents in the age group) completed spirometry. In 455 residents with abnormal spirometry, 190 residents had further evaluations, and the medical records of 174 residents were reviewed. The prevalence of asthma with airflow limitation, COPD, and COPD-VAL, were 2.0%, 8.4%, and 0.9%, respectively. The prevalence of COPD and COPD-VAL were higher in men and smokers than in women and never-smokers. The prevalence of COPD, but not COPD-VAL or asthma, increased with age.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prevalence of asthma with airflow limitation, COPD, and COPD-VAL were estimated in a population of residents (≥ 40 years) in Hisayama.
authors.affiliation: Research Institute for Diseases of the Chest, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan. Electronic address: koichi@kokyu.med.kyushu-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Koichiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
authors.affiliation: Research Institute for Diseases of the Chest, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan. Electronic address: nanae-s@kokyu.med.kyushu-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Nanae
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Seki
authors.affiliation: Research Institute for Diseases of the Chest, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan. Electronic address: s-fuku@kokyu.med.kyushu-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Satoru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fukuyama
authors.affiliation: Research Institute for Diseases of the Chest, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan. Electronic address: moriwaki@kokyu.med.kyushu-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Moriwaki
authors.affiliation: Research Institute for Diseases of the Chest, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan. Electronic address: hanamura@kokyu.med.kyushu-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Keiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kan-o
authors.affiliation: Research Institute for Diseases of the Chest, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan. Electronic address: yukomatsunaga3@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Yuko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Matsunaga
authors.affiliation: Research Institute for Diseases of the Chest, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan. Electronic address: noda-nao@kokyu.med.kyushu-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Naotaka
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Noda
authors.affiliation: Division of Respiratory Medicine, National Hospital Organization Fukuoka Hospital, 4-39-1 Yakatabaru, Minami-ku, Fukuoka 811-1394, Japan. Electronic address: myoshida@mfukuoka2.hosp.go.jp.
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.affiliation: Division of Respiratory Medicine, Kyushu Central Hospital of the Mutual Aid Association of Public School Teachers, 3-23-1 Shio-baru, Minami-ku, Fukuoka 815-8588, Japan. Electronic address: hirokoto1001@me.com.
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Koto
authors.affiliation: Division of Respiratory Medicine, National Hospital Organization Fukuoka-Higashi Medical Center, 1-1-1 Chidori, Koga, Fukuoka 811-3195, Japan. Electronic address: takadas@fukuokae2.hosp.go.jp.
authors.forename: Shohei
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Takata
authors.affiliation: Research Institute for Diseases of the Chest, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan. Electronic address: yoichi@kokyu.med.kyushu-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Yoichi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nakanishi
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan. Electronic address: kiyohara@envmed.med.kyushu-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Yutaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kiyohara
authors.affiliation: Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan. Electronic address: inoue-pulm@umin.net.
authors.forename: Hiromasa
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Inoue
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D044466:Asian People; D001249:Asthma / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D005541:Forced Expiratory Volume; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012123:Pulmonary Ventilation; D012737:Sex Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000453:epidemiology; D013147:Spirometry; D014797:Vital Capacity
keywords: Asthma; Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; Hisayama Study; Overlap syndrome; Prevalence