title: Risk factors for acquisition of extended spectrum beta lactamase producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae in North-Indian hospitals.
abstract: Multidrug resistance and production of extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) by enteric gram negative rods in hospitals and community continue to be a matter of scientific concern. This retrospective study was executed to assess the prevalence of ESBL-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae at two North Indian hospitals and to determine the risk factors associated with the acquisition of these organisms. A total of 346 bacterial isolates were obtained. Of these, 48.27% (n = 167) were confirmed to be ESBL producers while 51.73% (n = 179) were non ESBL-producers. Among the ESBL producers, 55.69% (n = 93) were E. coli and 44.31% (n = 74) were K. pneumoniae. ESBL producing isolates showed co-resistance to multitude of antibiotics tested. Length of hospital stay (>3 days) and previous exposure to antibiotics were found as significant risk factors (p = 0.01 and 0.02) associated with the acquisition of ESBL-producing E. coli and K. pneumoniae isolates. Imipenem and meropenem can be suggested as drugs of choice in our study.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Lucknow 226026, India.
authors.forename: Sibhghatulla
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shaikh
authors.affiliation: Department of Bio-Engineering, Integral University, Lucknow 226026, India.
authors.forename: Jamale
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fatima
authors.affiliation: Department of Bio-Engineering, Integral University, Lucknow 226026, India.
authors.forename: Shazi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shakil
authors.affiliation: Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Lucknow 226026, India.
authors.forename: Syed Mohd Danish
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Rizvi
authors.affiliation: King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80216, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia ; Enzymoic, 7 Peterlee Pl, Hebersham, NSW 2770, Australia.
authors.forename: Mohammad Amjad
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Kamal
keywords: Antibiotics; ESBLs; Escherichia coli; Imipenem; Multidrug resistance; Risk factors