title: Up-regulation of miR-9 expression predicate advanced clinicopathological features and poor prognosis in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous small (19-24 nt long) noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression in a sequence specific manner. An increasing association between miRNA and cancer has been recently reported. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), as the fifth most common cancer and the most common cause of death in men, has become the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths globally. In this study, we investigated the miR-9 expression in HCC to evaluate their value in prognosis of this tumor.
  
  
  METHODS
  The expression of miR-9 in matched normal and tumor tissues of HCC was evaluated using a quantitative real-time RT-PCR. A Kaplan-Meier survival curve was generated following a log-rank test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  It was observed that miR-9 expression was upregulated in HCC tissues compared with noncancerous liver tissues (7.26 ± 1.30 vs. 3.14 ± 1.08, P < 0.001). The up-regulation of miR-9 in HCC cancer tissues was also significantly correlated with aggressive clinicopathological features. We found that the patients with high miR-9 expression have a higher tumor staging (P = 0.0389) and are in higher risk of venous infiltration (P < 0.0001). Moreover, the results of Kaplan-Meier analyses showed that HCC patients with the high miR-9 expression tend to have shorter overall survival (P < 0.0001). The multivariate analysis clearly indicated that the high miR-9 expression in biopsy samples may be considered as an independent prognostic factor in HCC for decreased survival (4.28; 95%CI, 2.77-7.23, P < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data indicate the potential of miR-9 as a novel prognostic biomarker for HCC. Large well-designed studies with diverse populations and functional evaluations are warranted to confirm and extend our findings.
  The virtual slide(s) for this article can be found here: http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/13000_2014_228.
authors.forename: Lizhi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.forename: Xi
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Cai
mesh_terms: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000235:genetics*; D001706:Biopsy; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000235:genetics* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000235:genetics*; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; C541874:MIRN92 microRNA, human; D035683:MicroRNAs