title: Application of a cDNA microarray for profiling the gene expression of Echinococcus granulosus protoscoleces treated with albendazole and artemisinin.
abstract: Cystic echinoccocosis (CE) is a neglected zoonosis that is caused by the dog-tapeworm Echinococcus granulosus. The disease is endemic worldwide. There is an urgent need for searching effective drug for the treatment of the disease. In this study, we sequenced a cDNA library constructed using RNA isolated from oncospheres, protoscoleces, cyst membrane and adult worms of E. granulosus. A total of 9065 non-redundant or unique sequences were obtained and spotted on chips as uniEST probes to profile the gene expression in protoscoleces of E. granulosus treated with the anthelmintic drugs albendazole and artemisinin, respectively. The results showed that 7 genes were up-regulated and 38 genes were down-regulated in the protoscoleces treated with albendazole. Gene analysis showed that these genes are responsible for energy metabolism, cell cycle and assembly of cell structure. We also identified 100 genes up-regulated and 6 genes down-regulated in the protoscoleces treated with artemisinin. These genes play roles in the transduction of environmental signals, and metabolism. Albendazole appeared its drug efficacy in damaging cell structure, while artemisinin was observed to increase the formation of the heterochromatin in protoscolex cells. Our results highlight the utility of using cDNA microarray methods to detect gene expression profiles of E. granulosus and, in particular, to understand the pharmacologic mechanism of anti-echinococcosis drugs.
authors.affiliation: Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, No. 14 Shengli Road, Urumqi, Xinjiang, PR China; Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Echinococcosis, Clinical Medical Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, No. 137 Liyushan South Road, Urumqi, Xinjiang, PR China.
authors.forename: Guodong
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lü
authors.affiliation: Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Echinococcosis, Clinical Medical Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, No. 137 Liyushan South Road, Urumqi, Xinjiang, PR China.
authors.forename: Wenbao
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, No. 137 Liyushan South Road, Urumqi, Xinjiang, PR China.
authors.forename: Jianhua
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, No. 137 Liyushan South Road, Urumqi, Xinjiang, PR China.
authors.forename: Yunfeng
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, No. 137 Liyushan South Road, Urumqi, Xinjiang, PR China.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: National Engineering Research Center for Beijing Biochip Technology, No. 18 Life Science Parkway, Beijing, PR China.
authors.forename: Jianqin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: National Engineering Research Center for Beijing Biochip Technology, No. 18 Life Science Parkway, Beijing, PR China.
authors.forename: Yimin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Echinococcosis, Clinical Medical Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, No. 137 Liyushan South Road, Urumqi, Xinjiang, PR China.
authors.forename: Chuanshan
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Echinococcosis, Clinical Medical Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, No. 137 Liyushan South Road, Urumqi, Xinjiang, PR China.
authors.forename: Junhua
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Echinococcosis, Clinical Medical Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, No. 137 Liyushan South Road, Urumqi, Xinjiang, PR China.
authors.forename: Renyong
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Echinococcosis, Clinical Medical Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, No. 137 Liyushan South Road, Urumqi, Xinjiang, PR China.
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, No. 14 Shengli Road, Urumqi, Xinjiang, PR China.
authors.forename: Fuchun
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Echinococcosis, Clinical Medical Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, No. 137 Liyushan South Road, Urumqi, Xinjiang, PR China. Electronic address: dr.wenhao@163.com.
authors.forename: Hao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wen
mesh_terms: D015766:Albendazole / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D000871:Anthelmintics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D037621:Artemisinins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D048209:Echinococcus granulosus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics*; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling / Q000379:methods*; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D000871:Anthelmintics; D037621:Artemisinins; C031327:artemisinin; D015766:Albendazole
keywords: Albendazole; Artemisinin; Cystic echinococcosis; Protoscolece; cDNA microarray