title: Exercise training reduces cardiac dysfunction and remodeling in ovariectomized rats submitted to myocardial infarction.
abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate whether exercise training (ET) prevents or minimizes cardiac dysfunction and pathological ventricular remodeling in ovariectomized rats subjected to myocardial infarction (MI) and to examine the possible mechanisms involved in this process. Ovariectomized Wistar rats were subjected to either MI or fictitious surgery (Sham) and randomly divided into the following groups: Control, OVX+SHAMSED, OVX+SHAMET, OVX+MISED and OVX+MIET. ET was performed on a motorized treadmill (5x/wk, 60 min/day, 8 weeks). Cardiac function was assessed by ventricular catheterization and Dihydroethidium fluorescence (DHE) was evaluated to analyze cardiac oxidative stress. Histological analyses were made to assess collagen deposition, myocyte hypertrophy and infarct size. Western Blotting was performed to analyze the protein expression of catalase and SOD-2, as well as Gp91phox and AT1 receptor (AT1R). MI-trained rats had significantly increased in +dP/dt and decreased left ventricular end-diastolic pressure compared with MI-sedentary rats. Moreover, oxidative stress and collagen deposition was reduced, as was myocyte hypertrophy. These effects occurred in parallel with a reduction in both AT1R and Gp91phox expression and an increase in catalase expression. SOD-2 expression was not altered. These results indicate that ET improves the functional cardiac parameters associated with attenuation of cardiac remodeling in ovariectomized rats subjected to MI. The mechanism seems to be related to a reduction in the expression of both the AT1 receptor and Gp91phox as well as an increase in the antioxidant enzyme catalase, which contributes to a reduction in oxidative stress. Therefore, ET may be an important therapeutic target for the prevention of heart failure in postmenopausal women affected by MI.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Espírito Santo, Vitória-ES, Brasil.
authors.forename: Simone Alves de
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Almeida
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Espírito Santo, Vitória-ES, Brasil.
authors.forename: Erick Roberto Gonçalves
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Claudio
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Espírito Santo, Vitória-ES, Brasil.
authors.forename: Vinícius
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Mengal
authors.forename: Vinícius Franskoviaky
authors.initials: VF
authors.lastname: Mengal
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Espírito Santo, Vitória-ES, Brasil.
authors.forename: Suelen Guedes de
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Morfologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória-ES, Brasil.
authors.forename: Eduardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Merlo
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Morfologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória-ES, Brasil.
authors.forename: Priscila Lang
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Podratz
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Espírito Santo, Vitória-ES, Brasil.
authors.forename: Sônia Alves
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Gouvêa
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Morfologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória-ES, Brasil.
authors.forename: Jones Bernardes
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Graceli
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Espírito Santo, Vitória-ES, Brasil.
authors.forename: Gláucia Rodrigues
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: de Abreu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006332:Cardiomegaly / Q000517:prevention & control*; D002374:Catalase / Q000096:biosynthesis; D003094:Collagen; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004719:Endomyocardial Fibrosis / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005081:Exercise Therapy; D005260:Female; D006321:Heart / Q000503:physiopathology; D006334:Heart Function Tests; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D000074662:NADPH Oxidase 2; D019255:NADPH Oxidases / Q000096:biosynthesis; D010052:Ovariectomy; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D010805:Physical Conditioning, Animal; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D044140:Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000096:biosynthesis; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000517:prevention & control*; D020257:Ventricular Remodeling; D000099156:Superoxide Dismutase 2
chemical_list: D002374:Catalase; D003094:Collagen; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D000074662:NADPH Oxidase 2; D019255:NADPH Oxidases; D044140:Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D000099156:Superoxide Dismutase 2; C500593:Cybb protein, rat