title: Racial differences in three major NHL subtypes: descriptive epidemiology.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  NHL (non-Hodgkin lymphoma) consists of over 60 subtypes, ranging from slow-growing to very aggressive. The three largest subtypes are DLBCL (diffuse large B-cell lymphoma), FL (follicular lymphoma), and CLL/SLL (chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma). For each subtype, different racial groups have different presentations, etiologies, and prognosis patterns.
  
  
  METHODS
  SEER (Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results) data on DLBCL, FL, and CLL/SLL patients diagnosed between 1992 and 2010 were analyzed. Racial groups studied included NHW (non-Hispanic whites), HW (Hispanic whites), blacks, and API (Asians and Pacific Islanders). Patient characteristics, age-adjusted incidence rate, and survival were compared across races. Stratification and multivariate analysis were conducted.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There are significant racial differences for patients' characteristics, including gender, age at diagnosis, stage, lymph site, and age, and the patterns vary across subtypes. NHWs have the highest incidence rates for all three subtypes, followed by HWs (DLBCL and FL) and blacks (CLL/SLL). The dependence of the incidence rate on age and gender varies across subtypes. For all three subtypes, NHWs have the highest five-year relative survival rates, followed by HWs. When stratified by stage, racial difference is significant in multiple multivariate Cox regression analyses.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Racial differences exist among DLBCL, FL, and CLL/SLL patients in the U.S. in terms of characteristics, incidence, and survival. The patterns vary across subtypes. More data collection and analysis are needed to more comprehensively describe and interpret the across-race and subtype differences.
authors.affiliation: School of Statistics and The Center for Applied Statistics, Renmin University of China, 59 Zhongguancun Ave. Beijing, 100872, China.
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: School of Statistics and The Center for Applied Statistics, Renmin University of China, 59 Zhongguancun Ave. Beijing, 100872, China.
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: School of Statistics and The Center for Applied Statistics, Renmin University of China, 59 Zhongguancun Ave. Beijing, 100872, China.
authors.forename: Zhuoyue
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: School of Statistics and The Center for Applied Statistics, Renmin University of China, 59 Zhongguancun Ave. Beijing, 100872, China.
authors.forename: Danhui
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Yi
authors.affiliation: School of Statistics and The Center for Applied Statistics, Renmin University of China, 59 Zhongguancun Ave. Beijing, 100872, China.|School of Public Health, Yale University, 60 College ST, New Haven CT, 06520, USA.
authors.forename: Shuangge
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ma
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007223:Infant; D015451:Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology / Q000473:pathology; D008224:Lymphoma, Follicular / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology / Q000473:pathology; D016403:Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011379:Prognosis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D044469:Racial Groups / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D018426:SEER Program; D015996:Survival Rate; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Non-Hodgkin lymphoma; Racial differences; SEER; Subtype