title: ACE insertion/deletion polymorphism is associated with periodontal disease in Korean population.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) is the core enzyme in the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), which catalyzes the production of angiotensin II (Ang II). The aim of this study was to determine whether ACE gene is associated with the development of the periodontal disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  To investigate whether ACE is involved in the development of the periodontal disease, 199 periodontal disease patients and 165 control subjects were studied. The ACE insertion/deletion polymorphism was analyzed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). SNPStats and SPSS 18.0 were used for the analysis of genetic data. Logistic regression models were performed to determine odds ratio (OR), 95% confidence interval (CI), and P value.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Genotypic frequencies of I/I, I/D, and D/D were 25.4%, 42.3%, and 32.3% vs. 35.3%, 41.7%, and 23.1% (periodontal disease group vs. control group), respectively. In the genotype analysis of the ACE insertion/deletion polymorphism, codominant and log-additive models both showed significant association with periodontal disease [OR = 1.94, 95% CI = 1.05-3.61, P=0.036 in the codominant model (I/I vs. D/D); OR = 1.39, 95% CI = 1.02-1.90, P = 0.034 in the log-additive model (I/I vs. I/D vs. D/D)].
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that the ACE insertion/deletion polymorphism may be associated with the susceptibility to the periodontal disease in the Korean population.
authors.affiliation: Department of Maxillofacial Tissue Regeneration, School of Dentistry and Institute of Oral Biology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Sang Wook
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Seung Yeop
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Sung Bin
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Shinhan University, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Kyu Bong
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.affiliation: Department of Dental Pharmacology, School of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea; Department of Medical Laser, Graduate school, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: jyban@dankook.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Ju Yeon
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Ban
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D054643:INDEL Mutation / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A / Q000235:genetics*; D010510:Periodontal Diseases / Q000235:genetics*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D056910:Republic of Korea
chemical_list: D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A
keywords: ACE; Association study; Insertion/deletion polymorphism; Periodontal disease