title: The place of experimental design and statistics in the 3Rs.
abstract: The 3Rs--replacement, reduction, and refinement--can be applied to any animal experiment by researchers and other bodies seeking to conduct those studies in as humane a manner as possible. Key to the success of this endeavor is an appreciation of the principles of good experimental design and analysis; these need to be considered in concert before any data is collected. Indeed, many of the principles central to helping achieve the objectives of the 3Rs-such as conducting valid, reliable, and efficient experiments; clearly and transparently reporting findings; and ensuring that an appreciation and understanding of animal welfare plays a central role in laboratory practice-are to the betterment of research per se.
authors.forename: Richard M A
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Parker
authors.forename: William J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Browne
mesh_terms: D032761:Animal Experimentation; D000827:Animal Welfare; D000818:Animals; D012107:Research Design
keywords: 3Rs; animal welfare; experimental design; laboratory animals; reduction; refinement; replacement; statistics