title: Effects of interactive visual feedback training on post-stroke pusher syndrome: a pilot randomized controlled study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We investigated the effects of a computer-generated interactive visual feedback training program on the recovery from pusher syndrome in stroke patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Assessor-blinded, pilot randomized controlled study.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 12 stroke patients with pusher syndrome were randomly assigned to either the experimental group (N = 7, computer-generated interactive visual feedback training) or control group (N = 5, mirror visual feedback training).
  
  
  METHODS
  The scale for contraversive pushing for severity of pusher syndrome, the Berg Balance Scale for balance performance, and the Fugl-Meyer assessment scale for motor control were the outcome measures. Patients were assessed pre- and posttraining.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A comparison of pre- and posttraining assessment results revealed that both training programs led to the following significant changes: decreased severity of pusher syndrome scores (decreases of 4.0 ± 1.1 and 1.4 ± 1.0 in the experimental and control groups, respectively); improved balance scores (increases of 14.7 ± 4.3 and 7.2 ± 1.6 in the experimental and control groups, respectively); and higher scores for lower extremity motor control (increases of 8.4 ± 2.2 and 5.6 ± 3.3 in the experimental and control groups, respectively). Furthermore, the computer-generated interactive visual feedback training program produced significantly better outcomes in the improvement of pusher syndrome (p < 0.01) and balance (p < 0.05) compared with the mirror visual feedback training program.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although both training programs were beneficial, the computer-generated interactive visual feedback training program more effectively aided recovery from pusher syndrome compared with mirror visual feedback training.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Therapy and Assistive Technology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yea-Ru
authors.initials: YR
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yi-Hua
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Therapy and Assistive Technology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Heng-Chih
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Rai-Chi
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Therapy and Assistive Technology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Shun-Hwa
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Therapy and Assistive Technology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan rywang@ym.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Ray-Yau
authors.initials: RY
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D056228:Feedback, Sensory / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010291:Paresis / Q000209:etiology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D004856:Postural Balance / Q000502:physiology*; D012678:Sensation Disorders / Q000209:etiology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D020521:Stroke / Q000150:complications; D000071939:Stroke Rehabilitation; D013577:Syndrome; D013624:Taiwan; D013813:Therapy, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*
keywords: Pusher syndrome; balance; computer-generated interactive visual feedback; stroke