title: A three-dimensional head-mounted display system (RoboSurgeon system) for gasless laparoendoscopic single-port partial cystectomy.
abstract: We developed a new three-dimensional (3D) head-mounted display (HMD) system (RoboSurgeon system) that combines a high-definition 3D organic electroluminescent HMD with a high-definition 3D endoscope and applies it to minimally invasive surgery. This system presents the surgeon with a higher quality of magnified 3D imagery in front of the eyes, regardless of head position. We report 5 cases of RoboSurgeon gasless laparoendoscopic single-port partial cystectomy, which is carried out as part of our selective bladder-sparing protocol, with a technique utilizing both an intravesical and extravesical approach. While carrying out the surgery, the system provides the surgeon with both excellent 3D imagery of the operative field and clear imagery of the cystoscopy. All procedures were safely completed and there were no complications except for a case of postoperative lymphorrhea. Our experience shows that the 3D HMD system might facilitate maneuverability and safety in various minimally invasive procedures.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Graduate School, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Yasuhisa
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fujii
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Graduate School, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazunori
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kihara
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Graduate School, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Soichiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Graduate School, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Junichiro
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ishioka
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Graduate School, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoh
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Matsuoka
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Graduate School, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Noboru
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Numao
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Graduate School, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazutaka
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Saito
keywords: bladder cancer; cystoscope; head-mounted display; minimally invasive surgery; partial cystectomy; three-dimensional high-definition endoscope