title: Abdominal obesity phenotypes and risk of cardiovascular disease in a decade of follow-up: the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Obesity is a heterogeneous condition and risk of related health outcomes in different obesity phenotypes is a controversial subject. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in different abdominal obesity phenotypes during a decade-long follow-up.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this large population-based cohort, 7122 participants (42.7% men), aged ≥30 years, from the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS) were enrolled. Abdominal obesity was defined using national waist circumference cut-off points of ≥89 cm for men and ≥91 cm for women. Metabolic health was defined as ≤1 components of metabolic syndrome (excluding waist circumference), using the Joint Interim Statement (JIS) definition.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At baseline, 3745 individuals (52.7%) were abdominal obese and 23.5% (n = 881) of these were categorized as "metabolically healthy abdominal obese" (MHAO). A total of 638 CVD events occurred during a median follow-up of 10 years (1999-2011). "Metabolically healthy non-abdominal obese" was considered as the reference group. After adjustment for various variables, MHAO individuals were at increased risk for CVD events compared with the reference group (HR: 1.64, CI: 1.09-2.47). Both the metabolically unhealthy phenotypes (with and without abdominal obesity) were also at increased risk. We also observed the same pattern using insulin resistance data for categorizing abdominal obesity phenotypes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Abdominal obesity and presence of metabolic derangements are both important risk factors for future CVD. MHAO may not be a benign condition regarding future CVD events, which highlights the importance of prevention and treatment of abdominal obesity, even in the absence of metabolic derangements.
authors.affiliation: Obesity Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran. Electronic address: sorena.keihani@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Sorena
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Keihani
authors.affiliation: Obesity Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran. Electronic address: fhospanah@endocrine.ac.ir.
authors.forename: Farhad
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hosseinpanah
authors.affiliation: Obesity Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran. Electronic address: m.barzin7@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Maryam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Barzin
authors.affiliation: Obesity Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran. Electronic address: sara.serahati@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Serahati
authors.affiliation: Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran. Electronic address: sorayadoust@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Soraya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Doustmohamadian
authors.affiliation: Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran. Electronic address: azizi@endocrine.ac.ir.
authors.forename: Fereidoun
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Azizi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D007492:Iran / Q000453:epidemiology; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D056128:Obesity, Abdominal / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D010641:Phenotype; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D055105:Waist Circumference
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D001786:Blood Glucose; D008055:Lipids
keywords: Abdominal obesity; Cardiovascular disease; Metabolic syndrome; Metabolically healthy obesity