title: Spontaneous recovery of bilateral congenital idiopathic laryngeal paralysis: systematic non-meta-analytical review.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To systematically review the frequency and time to spontaneous recovery in pediatric patients with bilateral congenital idiopathic laryngeal paralysis (BCILP).
  
  
  METHODS
  The databases of Medline, EMBASE, Scopus, CINAHL, Cochrane Library and Proquest Dissertations were searched for English language articles reporting on laryngeal paralysis in pediatric patients. A bibliography search of the selected studies was done to identify additional articles. We included prospective or retrospective case-series studies of children and neonates diagnosed with BCILP at age <60 days and confirmed by direct laryngoscopy, with sufficient follow up and objective assessment for recovery. Two authors independently extracted the data and assessed the quality of each study. Discrepancies were resolved by consensus and adjudication by a third author.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 4229 articles identified by the search, only one study met our inclusion criteria. The study was a retrospective case series, and was of low quality. The mean age at diagnosis was fourteen days. Sixty-five percent of the patients recovered spontaneously, and the mean time to recovery was twenty-five months. Tracheostomy was performed in 71% of the patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The available literature is of low quality and provides weak evidence on the natural history of BCILP in pediatric population.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
authors.forename: Mohammed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jomah
authors.affiliation: Division of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, The Stollery Children's Hospital & The University of Alberta Hospitals, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
authors.forename: Caroline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Jeffery
authors.affiliation: John W. Scott Health Science Library, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Campbell
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, The Stollery Children's Hospital & The University of Alberta Hospitals, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
authors.forename: Aleksandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Krajacic
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Otolaryngology Service, Division of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, The Stollery Children's Hospital & The University of Alberta Hospitals, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Pediatric Otolaryngology Service, Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Pediatrics, The Stollery Children's Hospital & The University of Alberta Hospitals, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. Electronic address: Hamdy.ElHakim@albertahealthservices.ca.
authors.forename: Hamdy
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: El-Hakim
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D012075:Remission, Spontaneous; D013997:Time Factors; D014139:Tracheostomy; D014826:Vocal Cord Paralysis / Q000151:congenital* / Q000628:therapy*
keywords: Bilateral; Congenital; Idiopathic; Larynx; Paralysis; Recovery