title: Detection limit enhancement of antiarrhythmic drugs in human plasma using capillary electrophoresis with dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction and field-amplified sample stacking method.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A new capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) with ultraviolet detection method has been developed and validated for the analysis of four antiarrhythmic drugs in human plasma samples.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this study, a dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) coupled with field-amplified sample stacking (FASS) was employed for biological samples clean-up and sensitivity enhancement in CZE.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Under optimum DLLME-FASS-CZE conditions, enhancement factors were in the range of 157-314. The method was validated over the concentration range of 20-800 ng/ml in human plasma. Inter- and intra-day precision and the accuracy were less than 20%; the detection limits ranged from 2.5 to 4.7 ng/ml. Furthermore, the validated method was successfully applied to the detection of studied drugs in patients' plasma samples.
authors.affiliation: Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran.
authors.forename: Rana
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Fazeli-Bakhtiyari
authors.forename: Mohammad Hossein
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Sorouraddin
authors.forename: Mir Ali
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Farajzadeh
authors.forename: Abolghasem
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jouyban
mesh_terms: D000889:Anti-Arrhythmia Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019075:Electrophoresis, Capillary / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D057230:Limit of Detection; D059627:Liquid Phase Microextraction / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D000889:Anti-Arrhythmia Agents