title: Prevalence and related factors of chronic kidney disease (CKD) among long-lived individuals (LLI) over 95 years of age.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  CKD, a functional decline or break down of kidney, has been increasingly recognized as a public health problem and a predictor of poor outcomes (i.e., cardiovascular disease, dementia) and mortality among general populations. However, little is known regarding the prevalence and related factors of CKD among Chinese LLI over 95 years of age.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used data of LLI from the Rugao longevity cohort, a population-based association study conducted in Rugao, a longevity town of China. CKD was defined as an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of <60 mL/min/1.73 m2. Demographic exposures and biochemical markers were correlated with CKD.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of CKD among LLI in Rugao is 23.8%. Traditional risk factors for CKD among general population, such as hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia, did not have associations with CKD. However, overweight, central adiposity, and hyperuricemia were associated with increased risk of CKD, with crude odds ratios of 2.41 (95% CI=1.23-4.69), 2.61 (95% CI=1.42-4.77), and 5.69 (95% CI=2.75-11.76), respectively. In addition, higher magnesium and filtration marker β2 microglobulin (β2M) were associated with CKD, with crude odds ratios of 2.47 (95% CI=1.38-4.43) and 16.38 (95% CI=6.76-39.64), respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We observe a high prevalence and unique related factors of CKD among the LLI in Rugao, which suggest that early screening and risk intervention of CKD are imperative to maintain a high quality of life and postpone the occurrence of poor outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Unit of Epidemiology, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and MOE Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Sciences and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, 200433 Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Zuyun
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Unit of Epidemiology, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and MOE Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Sciences and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, 200433 Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Jiapin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Longevity Research Institute of Rugao, 226500 Jiangsu, China.
authors.forename: Degui
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Qian
authors.affiliation: Longevity Research Institute of Rugao, 226500 Jiangsu, China.
authors.forename: Fei
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Longevity Research Institute of Rugao, 226500 Jiangsu, China.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Unit of Epidemiology, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and MOE Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Sciences and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, 200433 Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Shilin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Unit of Epidemiology, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and MOE Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Sciences and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, 200433 Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.affiliation: Longevity Research Institute of Rugao, 226500 Jiangsu, China; Rugao People's Hospital, Rugao 226500, Jiangsu, China. Electronic address: rgrykj@163.com.
authors.forename: Xuefeng
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chu
authors.affiliation: Unit of Epidemiology, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and MOE Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Sciences and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, 200433 Shanghai, China. Electronic address: xiaofengautomatic@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Xiaofeng
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D006801:Humans; D033461:Hyperuricemia / Q000453:epidemiology; D008274:Magnesium / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D009765:Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D001613:beta 2-Microglobulin / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D001613:beta 2-Microglobulin; D008274:Magnesium
keywords: CKD; LLI; Related factors; eGFR