title: Clinical features and expressions of Foxp3 and IL-17 in type 1 autoimmune pancreatitis in China.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) is a distinct type of pancreatitis associated with a presumed autoimmune mechanism. The aim of this study was to analyze the clinical features and expressions of forkhead box P3 (Foxp3) and interleukin-17 (IL-17) in type 1 AIP in China and to identify factors for differentiation of AIP from non-AIP chronic pancreatitis (CP).
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively reviewed pancreatic specimens with diagnosis of type 1 AIP and non-AIP CP at Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital in China from January 2000 to December 2013. The clinical symptoms, serological data, imaging findings, histopathology, and immunohistochemical findings of Foxp3 and IL-17 in the 2 groups were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-nine patients with type 1 AIP and 20 patients with non-AIP CP were enrolled. Obstructive jaundice was more common in type 1 AIP than in non-AIP CP (62.1% vs. 30.0%, P=0.042). The diffuse or segmental enlargement of the pancreas was more frequent in type 1 AIP than in non-AIP CP (72.4% vs. 40.0%, P=0.038). Histopathology of type 1 AIP presented dense lymphoplasmacytic infiltration, "snowstorm-like" fibrosis and abundant immunoglobulin (Ig) G4+ cells. Foxp3+ cells were more frequently observed in type 1 AIP than in non-AIP CP. IL-17+ cell infiltration was similar between the 2 groups. Furthermore, a positive correlation was found between Foxp3+ and IgG4+ cell counts in the pancreas of patients with type 1 AIP.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Type 1 AIP has distinctive symptoms, image, and pathological characteristics, which could be used for differentiation from non-AIP CP. Foxp3+ cells might be helpful to distinguish type 1 AIP from non-AIP CP.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (mainland).
authors.forename: Li-Na
authors.initials: LN
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Department of General Internal Medicine, Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China (mainland).
authors.forename: Wen-Ya
authors.initials: WY
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Guangzhou Municipal Twelfth People's Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (mainland).
authors.forename: Lu
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (mainland).
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (mainland).
authors.forename: Jie-Yao
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Infection, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (mainland).
authors.forename: Xiao-Hui
authors.initials: XH
authors.lastname: Min
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (mainland).
authors.forename: Zhong-Sheng
authors.initials: ZS
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (mainland).
authors.forename: Yu-Hong
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (mainland).
authors.forename: Qi-Kui
authors.initials: QK
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D002681:China; D049448:Cholangiopancreatography, Magnetic Resonance; D005260:Female; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000378:metabolism; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D020381:Interleukin-17 / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010195:Pancreatitis / Q000097:blood / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D050500:Pancreatitis, Chronic / Q000097:blood / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
chemical_list: C418974:FOXP3 protein, human; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors; C508717:IL17A protein, human; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D020381:Interleukin-17