title: Ethnopharmacological assessment of medicinal plants used against livestock infections by the people living around Indus River.
abstract: The present study was aimed to document detailed ethnopharmacological knowledge of medicinal plants against livestock infections of an unexplored remote region of Pakistan. Semistructured questionnaires were used for data collection. Total 43 plants belonging to 26 families were found to be used in ethnoveterinary practices. Seeds (29%) were found to be the most frequent plant part used followed by leaves (22%). Ethnoveterinary recipes were mostly prepared in the form of decoction and powdering. Informant consensus factor (Fic) results revealed high consensus for gastrointestinal (0.81), mastitis (0.82), and dermatological infections (0.80). Curcuma longa ranked first with highest fidelity level (FL) value (66%) followed by Trachyspermum ammi that ranked second (58%). Preference ranking (PR) results showed that Zingiber officinale, Punica granatum, Triticum aestivum, Gossypium hirsutum, and Withania coagulans were the most preferred species for the treatment of diarrhea. Direct matrix ranking (DMR) results showed that Morus alba, Melia azedarach, Withania coagulans, Cassia fistula, Azadirachta indica, and Tamarix aphylla were the multipurpose species of the region. We invite the attention of pharmacologists and chemists for further exploration of plants having high Fic, FL, and PR values in the present study. Conservation strategies should be adopted for the protection of multipurpose plant species.
authors.affiliation: Department of Botany, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat 26000, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Sakina
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mussarat
authors.affiliation: Department of Zoology, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat 26000, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Rahila
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Amber
authors.affiliation: Department of Botany, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat 26000, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Akash
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tariq
authors.affiliation: Department of Botany, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat 26000, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Muhammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Adnan
authors.affiliation: Riyadh Community College, King Saud University, Riyadh 11437, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Naser M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: AbdElsalam
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Government College Ara Khel, Frontier Region Kohat 26000, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Riaz
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-2860-467X
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ullah
authors.affiliation: Department of Botany, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat 26000, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Roqaia
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bibi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003967:Diarrhea / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary; D020939:Zingiber officinale / Q000737:chemistry; D058751:Livestock / Q000382:microbiology*; D029561:Lythraceae / Q000737:chemistry; D008519:Medicine, Traditional; D010154:Pakistan; D010946:Plants, Medicinal; D045483:Rivers; D014908:Triticum / Q000737:chemistry