title: Oxidative stress associated with rootstock-scion interactions in pear/quince combinations during early stages of graft development.
abstract: Exposing a plant to stress situations, such as grafting, generally triggers antioxidant defense systems. In fruit tree grafting, quince (Cydonia oblonga) is widely used as a rootstock for pear (Pyrus communis L.), but several economically important pear cultivars are incompatible with available quince rootstocks. In this study, grafts were established using an in vitro callus graft system mimicking the events taking place in fruit trees. In vitro grown callus from pear [P. communis L. cv. 'Conference' (Co) and cv. 'William' (Wi)] and quince (C. oblonga Mill. clone 'BA29') was used to establish the compatible homografts 'Co/Co', 'Wi/Wi' and 'BA29/BA29', the compatible heterograft 'Co/BA29' and the incompatible heterograft 'Wi/BA29'. The main objective was to determine whether specific isoforms of genes involved in oxidative stress [superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and catalase (CAT)] are differentially expressed at the graft interface from compatible and incompatible unions throughout 3 weeks after grafting. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and programmed cell death were also evaluated in the course of graft development. Genes differentially expressed between compatible and incompatible heterografts were identified. Transcript levels of six antioxidant genes (SOD1, SOD3, APX3, APX6, CAT1 and CAT3) were down-regulated 10 days after grafting (DAG) in the incompatible heterograft in comparison to the compatible one. Likewise, SOD enzymatic activities were significantly higher at 1 and 10 days after wounding in the compatible cultivar 'Co' than in the incompatible one 'Wi'. These findings, together with live cell imaging of ROS-specific probes, ultrastructural mitochondrial changes and DNA fragmentation related to apoptotic processes, give indications that within incompatible rootstock/scion interfaces, either the level of ROS is increased or there is a less efficient detoxification system.
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Hortofruticultura, Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón (CITA), Av Montañana 930, 50059, Zaragoza, Spain.
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Irisarri
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871, Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
authors.forename: Piotr
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Binczycki
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Hortofruticultura, Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón (CITA), Av Montañana 930, 50059, Zaragoza, Spain.
authors.forename: Pilar
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Errea
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871, Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
authors.forename: Helle Juel
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Martens
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Hortofruticultura, Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón (CITA), Av Montañana 930, 50059, Zaragoza, Spain. Electronic address: apina@aragon.es.
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pina
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D017209:Apoptosis; D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000201:enzymology; D060387:Ascorbate Peroxidases / Q000378:metabolism; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D003198:Computer Simulation; D053938:DNA Fragmentation; D005453:Fluorescence; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D020287:In Situ Nick-End Labeling; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D010802:Phylogeny; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000378:metabolism*; D031989:Pyrus / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D027824:Rosaceae / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D046509:Tissue Culture Techniques / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D060387:Ascorbate Peroxidases; D002374:Catalase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase
keywords: Antioxidant enzymes; Callus culture; Graft compatibility; Pear; Quince