title: Protective effects of terminal ileostomy against bacterial translocation in a rat model of intestinal ischemia/reperfusion injury.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effects of terminal ileostomy on bacterial translocation (BT) and systemic inflammation after intestinal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-two rats were assigned to either the sham-operated group, I/R group, I/R + resection and anastomosis group, or the I/R + ileostomy group. The superior mesenteric artery was occluded for 60 min. After 4 h, tissue samples were collected for analysis. BT was assessed by bacteriologic cultures, intestinal permeability and serum levels of endotoxin; systemic inflammation was assessed by serum levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-10, as well as by the activity of myeloperoxidase (MPO) and by intestinal histopathology.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Intestinal I/R injury not only caused morphologic damage to ileal mucosa, but also induced BT, increased MPO activity and promoted the release of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-10 in serum. BT and ileal mucosa injuries were significantly improved and levels of TNF-α and IL-6 in serum were decreased in the I/R + ileostomy group compared with the I/R + resection and anastomosis group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Terminal ileostomy can prevent the detrimental effects of intestinal I/R injury on BT, intestinal tissue, and inflammation.
authors.affiliation: Zhi-Liang Lin, Wen-Kui Yu, Shan-Jun Tan, Kai-Peng Duan, Yi Dong, Ning Li, Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu Province, China.
authors.forename: Zhi-Liang
authors.initials: ZL
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Zhi-Liang Lin, Wen-Kui Yu, Shan-Jun Tan, Kai-Peng Duan, Yi Dong, Ning Li, Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu Province, China.
authors.forename: Wen-Kui
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Zhi-Liang Lin, Wen-Kui Yu, Shan-Jun Tan, Kai-Peng Duan, Yi Dong, Ning Li, Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu Province, China.
authors.forename: Shan-Jun
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.affiliation: Zhi-Liang Lin, Wen-Kui Yu, Shan-Jun Tan, Kai-Peng Duan, Yi Dong, Ning Li, Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu Province, China.
authors.forename: Kai-Peng
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Duan
authors.affiliation: Zhi-Liang Lin, Wen-Kui Yu, Shan-Jun Tan, Kai-Peng Duan, Yi Dong, Ning Li, Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu Province, China.
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.affiliation: Zhi-Liang Lin, Wen-Kui Yu, Shan-Jun Tan, Kai-Peng Duan, Yi Dong, Ning Li, Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu Province, China.
authors.forename: Xiao-Wu
authors.initials: XW
authors.lastname: Bai
authors.affiliation: Zhi-Liang Lin, Wen-Kui Yu, Shan-Jun Tan, Kai-Peng Duan, Yi Dong, Ning Li, Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu Province, China.
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Zhi-Liang Lin, Wen-Kui Yu, Shan-Jun Tan, Kai-Peng Duan, Yi Dong, Ning Li, Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu Province, China.
authors.forename: Ning
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018988:Bacterial Translocation; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D007081:Ileostomy; D007082:Ileum / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology / Q000601:surgery*; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000097:blood; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000097:blood; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D010539:Permeability; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D013997:Time Factors; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D015850:Interleukin-6; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D016753:Interleukin-10; D009195:Peroxidase
keywords: Bacterial reflux; Bacterial translocation; Intestinal ischemia/reperfusion; Terminal ileostomy