title: Association of prelabor cesarean delivery with reduced mortality in twins born near term.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine short-term and longer-term outcomes for twins born at or near term, comparing prelabor cesarean delivery with birth after a trial of labor.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study was conducted on a retrospective cohort of twin pregnancies delivered at 36 weeks of gestation or greater from 2000 to 2009. Pregnancies with an antenatal death, lethal anomaly, birth weight discordance 25% or more, or birth weight less than 2,000 g or more than 4,000 g were excluded. Outcomes included severe hypoxia, stillbirth and neonatal death, and hospital admissions or death during the first 5 years of life.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Approximately 45% of 7,099 twin pregnancies were delivered by prelabor cesarean delivery. Compared with delivery after labor, prelabor cesarean delivery was associated with significantly reduced risks of adverse neonatal and child outcomes including severe birth hypoxia (0.08% compared with 0.75%, relative risk 0.10, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.04-0.26), neonatal death (0.00% compared with 0.15%, relative risk 0.05, 95% CI 0.00-0.82), and death up to 5 years of age (0.16% compared with 0.40%, relative risk 0.41, 95% CI 0.20-0.85). Whereas total mortality for first twins was similar after labor (0.15%) compared with prelabor cesarean delivery (0.16%), total mortality was four times more common in second twins born after labor (0.64%) compared with second twins born after prelabor cesarean delivery (0.16%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Compared with prelabor cesarean delivery, twin pregnancies at and beyond 36 weeks of gestation delivered after labor have increased risks for birth outcomes associated with hypoxia, with second twins having significantly increased mortality up to 5 years of age. However, the absolute mortality rate for relatively uncomplicated twin pregnancies delivered at or near term is low and needs to be balanced against maternal morbidity.
  
  
  METHODS
  II.
authors.affiliation: Clinical and Population Perinatal Health Research, Kolling Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, the Departments of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and Neonatology, Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Royal Hospital for Women, Randwick, Australia.
authors.forename: Christine L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Roberts
authors.forename: Charles S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Algert
authors.forename: Tanya A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Nippita
authors.forename: Jennifer R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Bowen
authors.forename: Antonia W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Shand
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001722:Birth Order; D002585:Cesarean Section; D046688:Child Mortality; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005311:Fetal Hypoxia / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D009517:New South Wales / Q000453:epidemiology; D054238:Perinatal Mortality; D011247:Pregnancy; D059285:Pregnancy, Twin; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D050497:Stillbirth / Q000453:epidemiology*; D014219:Trial of Labor; D055815:Young Adult