title: Jaw tremor as a physiological biomarker of bruxism.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine if sleep bruxism is associated with abnormal physiological tremor of the jaw during a visually-guided bite force control task.
  
  
  METHODS
  Healthy participants and patients with sleep bruxism were given visual feedback of their bite force and asked to trace triangular target trajectories (duration=20s, peak force <35% maximum voluntary force). Bite force control was quantified in terms of the power spectra of force fluctuations, masseter EMG activity, and force-to-EMG coherence.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients had greater jaw force tremor at ∼8 Hz relative to controls, along with increased masseter EMG activity and force-to-EMG coherence in the same frequency range. Patients also showed lower force-to-EMG coherence at low frequencies (<3 Hz), but greater coherence at high frequencies (20-40 Hz). Finally, patients had greater 6-10 Hz force tremor during periods of descending vs. ascending force, while controls showed no difference in tremor with respect to force dynamics.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients with bruxism have abnormal jaw tremor when engaged in a visually-guided bite force task.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Measurement of jaw tremor may aid in the detection/evaluation of bruxism. In light of previous literature, our results also suggest that bruxism is marked by abnormal or mishandled peripheral feedback from the teeth.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurorehabilitation Engineering, Bernstein Focus Neurotechnology Göttingen (BFNT), Bernstein Centre for Computational Neuroscience (BCCN), University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg-August University Göttingen, Germany.
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Laine
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthobionics, Georg-August University Göttingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Ş U
authors.initials: ŞU
authors.lastname: Yavuz
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Centre for Neuroscience, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: D'Amico
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Centre for Neuroscience, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Gorassini
authors.affiliation: Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: K S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Türker
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurorehabilitation Engineering, Bernstein Focus Neurotechnology Göttingen (BFNT), Bernstein Centre for Computational Neuroscience (BCCN), University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg-August University Göttingen, Germany. Electronic address: Dario.farina@bccn.uni-goettingen.de.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Farina
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001732:Bite Force; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007568:Jaw / Q000473:pathology* / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D008406:Masseter Muscle / Q000502:physiology; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000502:physiology; D020186:Sleep Bruxism / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D014202:Tremor / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Bruxism; Electromyography; Periodontal mechanoreceptors; Physiological tremor