title: Transmission of antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli between cattle, humans and the environment in peri-urban livestock keeping communities in Morogoro, Tanzania.
abstract: Urban and peri-urban livestock farming is expanding world-widely because of increased urbanization and demands for food of animal origin. Such farming practices pose a public health risk as livestock are reservoirs of several zoonotic pathogens. In an attempt to determine the fecal transmission between livestock and people, 100 household clusters keeping cattle in close proximity of humans were selected in urban and peri-urban areas of Morogoro in Tanzania. One hundred eighteen ampicillin and tetracycline resistant Escherichia coli (40 from human stool, 50 from cattle feces, 21 from soil and seven from water samples) were isolated from 44 different clusters. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) of XbaI digested chromosomal DNA was used to compare the genetic relatedness of the ampicillin- and tetracycline-resistant E. coli isolates. Indistinguishable PFGE band patterns of the ampicillin- and tetracycline-resistant E. coli isolates were found in samples from 23 (52%) clusters. This suggests that transfer of fecal microorganisms between cattle, humans, water and soils within the farms and from livestock farms to the neighborhood occurred commonly. Logistic regression showed that animal housing infrastructures (Odd Ratio=11.2, 95% CI=1.1-119.3) were associated with E. coli showing identical PFGE types within and between clusters. There is a need to improve animal husbandry and manure management practices to reduce risks of transmission of enteropathogens between livestock and humans in urban and peri-urban farming.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Medicine and Public Health, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3021, Morogoro, Tanzania. Electronic address: amsalale@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Athumani M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Lupindu
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Stigbøjlen 4, 1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
authors.forename: Anders
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dalsgaard
authors.affiliation: Directorate of Undergraduate Studies, University of Dodoma, P.O. Box 259, Dodoma, Tanzania.
authors.forename: Peter L M
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Msoffe
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Medicine and Public Health, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3021, Morogoro, Tanzania.
authors.forename: Helena A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Ngowi
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Medicine and Public Health, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3021, Morogoro, Tanzania.
authors.forename: Madundo M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Mtambo
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Stigbøjlen 4, 1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
authors.forename: John E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Olsen
mesh_terms: D000667:Ampicillin / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002417:Cattle; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000635:transmission*; D024901:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; D016521:Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field / Q000662:veterinary; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D004927:Escherichia coli Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000635:transmission / Q000662:veterinary*; D005243:Feces / Q000382:microbiology; D005838:Genotype; D006799:Housing, Animal; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D012307:Risk Factors; D012988:Soil Microbiology; D013636:Tanzania; D013752:Tetracycline / Q000494:pharmacology; D014505:Urban Population
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000667:Ampicillin; D013752:Tetracycline
keywords: E. coli; Genetic relatedness; PFGE; Urban livestock farming