title: A functional single-nucleotide polymorphism in interleukin-6 promoter is associated with p wave dispersion in hypertensive subjects with atrial fibrillation.
abstract: Inflammation has been shown to be implicated in the pathophysiology of atrial fibrillation (AF). Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a pleiotropic cytokine, functions as a mediator of inflammatory response and has both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory properties. Little is known about genetic factors of inflammation in the accompanying atrial electrical remodeling expressed by P wave dispersion (Pdisp). The aim of the present study is to evaluate the association of -634C/G polymorphism of IL-6 gene with Pdisp in Han Chinese hypertensive patients with AF. A total of 100 patients with essential hypertension (EH) were eligible for this study. Patients with paroxysmal AF (n=50) were allocated to the AF group, and 50 subjects without AF to the control group. The PCR-based restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) technique was used to assess the genotypes frequencies. The distribution of the IL-6 -634C/G genotypes (CC, CG, and GG) was 68.00%, 28.00%, and 4.00% in the controls, and 44.00%, 40.00%, and 16.00% in AF subjects, respectively (P=0.0269). The frequency of the G allele in the AF group was significantly higher than that in the control group (36.00% vs 18.00%, P=0.0041). Compared to the wild type CC, the G allele carriers (CG + GG genotypes) had a 2.7045-fold increased risk of AF (odds ratio =2.7045, 95% confidence interval =1.1966-6.1126, P=0.0156). AF patients with the CG + GG genotype had longer Pdisp (P=0.0032) than did patients with the CC genotype. The longer Pdisp in the subjects with the CG + GG genotype was also found in the control group (P=0.0016). These findings support that IL-6 -634C/G polymorphism is associated with Pdisp and AF, suggesting an active implication of inflammation in the atrial electrophysiological remodeling predisposing to AF.
authors.affiliation: The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, Shandong University Qilu Hospital Jinan 250012, China.
authors.forename: Hai-Hua
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Geng
authors.affiliation: The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, Shandong University Qilu Hospital Jinan 250012, China.
authors.forename: Rui
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University Nantong 226001, China.
authors.forename: Ya-Min
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Su
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University Nantong 226001, China.
authors.forename: Hai-Yan
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University Nantong 226001, China.
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.affiliation: The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, Shandong University Qilu Hospital Jinan 250012, China.
authors.forename: Xiao-Ping
authors.initials: XP
authors.lastname: Ji
keywords: Atrial fibrillation; Chinese; P wave dispersion; essential hypertension; genetic polymorphism; interleukin-6