title: Astakine LvAST binds to the β subunit of F1-ATP synthase and likely plays a role in white shrimp Litopeneaus vannamei defense against white spot syndrome virus.
abstract: Cytokines play a critical role in innate and adaptive immunity. Astakines represent a group of invertebrate cytokines that are related to vertebrate prokineticin and function in promoting hematopoiesis in crustaceans. We have identified an astakine from the white shrimp Litopeneaus vannamei and named it LvAST in a previous research. In the present research, we investigated the interactions among LvAST, the envelope protein VP37 of white spot syndrome virus (i.e., WSSV), and the β subunit of F1-ATP synthase (ATPsyn-β) of the white shrimp (i.e., BP53) using binding assays and co-precipitations. We also examined the effects of LvAST on shrimp susceptibility to WSSV. We found that LvAST and VP37 competitively bound to BP53, but did not bind to each other. Shrimps that had been injected with recombinant LvAST exhibited significantly lower mortality and longer survival time in experimental infections by WSSV. In contrast, shrimps whose LvAST gene expression had been inhibited by RNA interference showed significantly higher WSSV infection intensity and shorter survival time following viral challenges. These results suggested that LvAST and WSSV both likely use ATPsyn-β as a receptor and LvAST plays a role in shrimp defense against WSSV infection. This represented the first research showing the involvement of astakines in host antiviral immunity.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, The Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.
authors.forename: Gao-Feng
authors.initials: GF
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, The Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266035, China.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.affiliation: Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266035, China; School of Animal Sciences, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA. Electronic address: qxue@tigers.lsu.edu.
authors.forename: Qinggang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Xue
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, The Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.
authors.forename: Jin-Feng
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, The Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.
authors.forename: Jun-Jun
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, The Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266035, China. Electronic address: huangjie@ysfri.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Huang
mesh_terms: D056704:Adaptive Immunity; D000818:Animals; D060829:Arthropod Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D033561:Penaeidae / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology; D034622:RNA Interference; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D042662:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor, Endocrine-Gland-Derived / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D046848:White spot syndrome virus 1 / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D060829:Arthropod Proteins; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D042662:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor, Endocrine-Gland-Derived
keywords: Astakine; F(1)-ATP synthase β subunit; Invertebrate cytokine; Shrimp antiviral immunity; White spot syndrome virus