title: Towards the fecal metabolome derived from moderate red wine intake.
abstract: Dietary polyphenols, including red wine phenolic compounds, are extensively metabolized during their passage through the gastrointestinal tract; and their biological effects at the gut level (i.e., anti-inflammatory activity, microbiota modulation, interaction with cells, among others) seem to be due more to their microbial-derived metabolites rather than to the original forms found in food. In an effort to improve our understanding of the biological effects that phenolic compounds exert at the gut level, this paper summarizes the changes observed in the human fecal metabolome after an intervention study consisting of a daily consumption of 250 mL of wine during four weeks by healthy volunteers (n = 33). It assembles data from two analytical approaches: (1) UPLC-ESI-MS/MS analysis of phenolic metabolites in fecal solutions (targeted analysis); and (2) UHPLC-TOF MS analysis of the fecal solutions (non-targeted analysis). Both approaches revealed statistically-significant changes in the concentration of several metabolites as a consequence of the wine intake. Similarity and complementarity between targeted and non-targeted approaches in the analysis of the fecal metabolome are discussed. Both strategies allowed the definition of a complex metabolic profile derived from wine intake. Likewise, the identification of endogenous markers could lead to new hypotheses to unravel the relationship between moderate wine consumption and the metabolic functionality of gut microbiota.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL), CSIC-UAM, C/Nicolás Cabrera, 9, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain. a.jimenez.giron@csic.es.
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jiménez-Girón
authors.affiliation: Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL), CSIC-UAM, C/Nicolás Cabrera, 9, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain. irene.munoz@csic.es.
authors.forename: Irene
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Muñoz-González
authors.affiliation: Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL), CSIC-UAM, C/Nicolás Cabrera, 9, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain. pedroj.martin.alvarez@csic.es.
authors.forename: Pedro J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Martínlvarez
authors.affiliation: Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL), CSIC-UAM, C/Nicolás Cabrera, 9, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain. victoria.moreno@csic.es.
authors.forename: María Victoria
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Moreno-Arribas
authors.affiliation: Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL), CSIC-UAM, C/Nicolás Cabrera, 9, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain. b.bartolome@csic.es.
authors.forename: Begoña
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bartolomé