title: Are antimicrobial peptides related to cyclosporine A-induced gingival overgrowth?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of cyclosporine-A (CsA) medication on gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) LL-37, human neutrophil peptide (HNP)1-3 and adrenomedullin (ADM) levels.
  
  
  METHODS
  CsA-treated renal transplant recipients with GO (CsA GO+) and without GO (CsA GO-), tacrolimus-medicated renal transplant recipients (n = 20/group), systemically healthy subjects with gingivitis (n = 21) and individuals free of periodontal and systemic diseases (n = 20) were included in the present study. Periodontal parameters were recorded and GCF samples were obtained from the study participants. GCF LL-37, HNP1-3 and ADM levels were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  GCF LL-37 total amount was higher at GO+ sites than the other study sites (p < 0.05). Total amount of GCF HNP1-3 was higher in immunosuppressive treatment groups than healthy and gingivitis groups, regardless of GO presence (p < 0.05). GCF ADM total amount was similar in all study groups. GCF volume, papillary bleeding index and hyperplastic index (p < 0.05) were significantly correlated with GCF LL-37 total amounts (p < 0.05), but not with GCF HNP1-3 and ADM total amount at GO+ sites (p > 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Neutrophil infiltration due to extended inflammation might have increased GCF LL-37 levels at GO+ sites and contributed to the pathogenesis of CsA-induced GO.
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey. Electronic address: oya_t@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Oya
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Türkoğlu
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey. Electronic address: ali.gurkan@ege.edu.tr.
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gürkan
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey. Electronic address: gemingil@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Gülnur
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Emingil
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey. Electronic address: brlfcn@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Beral
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Afacan
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey. Electronic address: huseyin.toz@ege.edu.tr.
authors.forename: Hüseyin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Töz
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey. Electronic address: necil.kutukculer@ege.edu.tr.
authors.forename: Necil
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kütükçüler
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey. Electronic address: gulatilla@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Gül
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Atilla
mesh_terms: D053607:Adrenomedullin / Q000032:analysis; D000328:Adult; D023181:Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides / Q000032:analysis; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016572:Cyclosporine / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D005883:Gingival Crevicular Fluid / Q000737:chemistry; D019214:Gingival Overgrowth / Q000139:chemically induced*; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016030:Kidney Transplantation; D008297:Male; D016559:Tacrolimus / Q000009:adverse effects; D023084:alpha-Defensins / Q000032:analysis; D054804:Cathelicidins
chemical_list: D023181:Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D023084:alpha-Defensins; C406413:human neutrophil peptide 1; D053607:Adrenomedullin; D016572:Cyclosporine; D016559:Tacrolimus; D054804:Cathelicidins
keywords: Adrenomedullin; Cathelicidin LL-37; Cyclosporine; Gingival crevicular fluid; Gingival overgrowth; Human neutrophil peptide