title: Human monocyte response to S-nitrosoglutathione-loaded nanoparticles: uptake, viability, and transcriptome.
abstract: S-Nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) is a good candidate for nitric oxide (NO(•)) delivery, and its nanoformulation improves NO(•) stability and bioavailability. We have compared the effect of empty Eudragit nanoparticles (eENP), GSNO-loaded ENP (gENP), and free GSNO on THP-1 human monocytic cell line. We investigated cellular viability and growth by WST-1 and trypan blue tests. ENP uptake was studied using transmission electron microscopy, confocal microscopy, and flow cytometry. Transcriptomic profiles were obtained using microarray. ENP entered cells by clathrin- and caveolae-mediated endocytosis. Exposure to either free GSNO or gENP induced an activation of genes from the same clusters, in favor of intracellular delivery of GSNO by ENP. GSNO nanoformulation might be a therapeutic option for NO(•) delivery.
authors.affiliation: Faculté de Pharmacie de Nancy, EA 3452 Cithéfor, Université de Lorraine , France.
authors.forename: Ramia
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Safar
authors.forename: Carole
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ronzani
authors.forename: Roudayna
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Diab
authors.forename: Jérôme
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chevrier
authors.forename: Danièle
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bensoussan
authors.forename: Stéphanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Grandemange
authors.forename: Alain
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Le Faou
authors.forename: Bertrand H
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Rihn
authors.forename: Olivier
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Joubert
mesh_terms: D002460:Cell Line; D004705:Endocytosis / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D009000:Monocytes / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D026422:S-Nitrosoglutathione / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism*; D059467:Transcriptome / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D009569:Nitric Oxide; D026422:S-Nitrosoglutathione
keywords: S-nitrosoglutathione; endocytosis; monocytes; nitric oxide; polymeric nanoparticles; toxicity; toxicogenomic; transcriptome; uptake