title: Molecular characteristics of Salmonella enterica Paratyphi A in Yunnan Province, southwest China.
abstract: Previously, the prevalence of Salmonella enterica Paratyphi A in Yunnan was high; and recently Yunnan was the predominant endemic province in China. To identify the molecular epidemiology, antibiotic resistance profile and genotypic diversity of the S. Paratyphi A isolates from 1995 to 2013 in Yunnan, we performed the study. Antibiotic susceptibility tests, pulse-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and multilocus sequence typing (MLST) were used to identify the characteristics of the bacterial isolates. The results showed from 1995 to 2013, 366 S. Paratyphi A were isolated: 295 isolates (80.6%) from Yuxi and 68 isolates (18.58%) from Honghe. All of the strains were resistant to nalidixic acid, and some were resistant to ampicillin and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole in different years. All the isolates were sensitive to cefotaxime and ciprofloxacin. Identical PFGE with two enzyme digestion patterns were found for 339 isolates. Some environmental isolates in different years were homologous with the strains isolated from food and patients. MLST showed 349 strains were ST85, only 17 isolates were ST129. S. Paratyphi A isolates from Yunnan showed a high similarity, and we found the pathogen isolated from patients, the environment and food had the close epidemiological relationship, forming a transmission circulation. These findings have important implications for paratyphoid-control strategies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Acute Infectious Diseases Control and Prevention, Yunnan Provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, 650022 Kunming, China.
authors.forename: Wenpeng
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.affiliation: Centre for Sanitary Inspection, Yunnan Provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, 650022 Kunming, China.
authors.forename: Zushun
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Acute Infectious Diseases Control and Prevention, Yunnan Provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, 650022 Kunming, China.
authors.forename: Yujuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Acute Infectious Diseases Control and Prevention, Yunnan Provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, 650022 Kunming, China.
authors.forename: Jianwen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.affiliation: Department of Acute Infectious Diseases Control and Prevention, Yunnan Provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, 650022 Kunming, China.
authors.forename: Jianbin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Acute Infectious Diseases Control and Prevention, Yunnan Provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, 650022 Kunming, China.
authors.forename: Chaoqun
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Acute Infectious Diseases Control and Prevention, Yunnan Provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, 650022 Kunming, China.
authors.forename: Yongming
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Department of Acute Infectious Diseases Control and Prevention, Yunnan Provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, 650022 Kunming, China.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.affiliation: Department of Acute Infectious Diseases Control and Prevention, Yunnan Provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, 650022 Kunming, China.
authors.forename: Wen
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Department of Acute Infectious Diseases Control and Prevention, Yunnan Provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, 650022 Kunming, China.
authors.forename: Shiwen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, 102206 Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Junrong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, 102206 Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, 102206 Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Huaiqi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jing
authors.affiliation: Department of Acute Infectious Diseases Control and Prevention, Yunnan Provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, 650022 Kunming, China. Electronic address: yncdcfxq@163.com.
authors.forename: Xiaoqing
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Fu
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D016521:Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field; D004783:Environmental Microbiology; D005517:Foodborne Diseases; D006801:Humans; D017720:Molecular Epidemiology; D010284:Paratyphoid Fever / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000635:transmission*; D010802:Phylogeny; D015995:Prevalence; D012482:Salmonella paratyphi A / Q000145:classification* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D004269:DNA, Bacterial
keywords: Pulse-field gel electrophoresis; Salmonella enterica Paratyphi A; Transmission circulation