title: Consumption patterns and biomarkers of exposure in cigarette smokers switched to Snus, various dissolvable tobacco products, Dual use, or tobacco abstinence.
abstract: The objectives of this clinical study were to evaluate changes in tobacco product use behavior and levels of selected biomarkers of exposure (BOEs) for smokers who switched to one of six conditions during clinical confinement: exclusive use of; Camel Snus, Sticks, Strips or Orbs, controlled Dual use of cigarettes and Camel Snus, or tobacco abstinence. The controlled Dual use (DU) condition mandated a 60% reduction in cigarettes smoked per day (CPD). 167 healthy U.S. male and female smokers were randomized to the six groups (n=25-30/group). Subjects smoked their usual brand of cigarette for 1 day prior to switching to their designated intervention condition. Levels of thirty-two BOEs in plasma, whole blood, urine and feces were determined before and after switching. Questionnaires that scored nicotine dependence and withdrawal discomfort were also administered. After 5 days, exclusive Snus, Sticks, Strips, or Orbs use averaged 6.1, 5.9, 13.5, and 8.5 units/day, respectively. DU subjects smoked 7.6 CPD and used 3.2 Snus pouches/day, on average. After 5 days, substantial reductions of most biomarkers, including nicotine, were observed in all groups. Toxicant exposures were similar to being tobacco abstinent after switching exclusively to Camel Snus, Sticks, Strips or Orbs. DU reductions were more modest.
authors.affiliation: R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
authors.forename: George R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Krautter
authors.affiliation: R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
authors.forename: Peter X
authors.initials: PX
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company, Winston-Salem, NC, USA. Electronic address: borgerm@rjrt.com.
authors.forename: Michael F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Borgerding
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D016540:Smoking Cessation; D014029:Tobacco Use Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D014030:Tobacco, Smokeless / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers
keywords: Biomarkers of exposure; Clinical; Dissolvable tobacco; Nicotine; Smokeless tobacco; Snus