title: A comparison between ultraviolet disinfection and copper alginate beads within a vortex bioreactor for the deactivation of bacteria in simulated waste streams with high levels of colour, humic acid and suspended solids.
abstract: We show in this study that the combination of a swirl flow reactor and an antimicrobial agent (in this case copper alginate beads) is a promising technique for the remediation of contaminated water in waste streams recalcitrant to UV-C treatment. This is demonstrated by comparing the viability of both common and UV-C resistant organisms in operating conditions where UV-C proves ineffective - notably high levels of solids and compounds which deflect UV-C. The swirl flow reactor is easy to construct from commonly available plumbing parts and may prove a versatile and powerful tool in waste water treatment in developing countries.
authors.affiliation: PML Applications, Prospect Place, The Hoe, Plymouth, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Simon F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.affiliation: Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Prospect Place, The Hoe, Plymouth, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rooks
authors.affiliation: PML Applications, Prospect Place, The Hoe, Plymouth, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Fabian
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Rudin
authors.affiliation: Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Prospect Place, The Hoe, Plymouth, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Sov
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Atkinson
authors.affiliation: Protein Technologies Ltd, Williams House, Lloyd St North, Manchester, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Goddard
authors.affiliation: Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Prospect Place, The Hoe, Plymouth, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Rachel M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Bransgrove
authors.affiliation: PML Applications, Prospect Place, The Hoe, Plymouth, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Paul T
authors.initials: PT
authors.lastname: Mason
authors.affiliation: Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Prospect Place, The Hoe, Plymouth, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Allen
mesh_terms: D000464:Alginates / Q000633:toxicity*; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000633:toxicity*; D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000528:radiation effects; D019149:Bioreactors / Q000382:microbiology*; D001709:Biotechnology / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D004203:Disinfection / Q000379:methods*; D020723:Glucuronic Acid / Q000633:toxicity; D006603:Hexuronic Acids / Q000633:toxicity; D006812:Humic Substances; D008863:Microspheres; D013535:Suspensions; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays
chemical_list: D000464:Alginates; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D006603:Hexuronic Acids; D006812:Humic Substances; D013535:Suspensions; D020723:Glucuronic Acid