title: Adiposity markers and risk of coronary heart disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This cross-sectional study aimed to evaluating the association between body adiposity markers and high-risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) in patients with type 2 diabetes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Recent adiposity markers [waist-to-height ratio, conicity index (C-index) and body adiposity index] and traditional markers [BMI, waist circumference and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR)] were measured. The 10-year risk of fatal CHD was estimated according to UKPDS risk engine scores. Patients were divided into high (CHD risk ≥20%; n = 99) or low-moderate (CHD risk <20%; n = 321) risk groups. Multiple logistic regression models were performed to analyze associations between CHD risk (outcome) and adiposity markers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 420 patients with type 2 diabetes (61.9 ± 9.5 years; 53.5% females; HbA1c 7.6 ± 1.6%) were evaluated. The high risk group had greater proportions of elevated C-index and BMI values than patients with low-moderate risk. No between-group differences in other adiposity markers were observed. In multiple logistic regression models, only C-index values ≥1.35 were associated with CHD risk >20% (OR = 1.69; 95% CI 1.03-2.78; P = 0.039) after adjusting for confounders (sedentary lifestyle, diabetic nephropathy, serum creatinine, and diabetes duration). The association between WHR and CHD risk did not hold in this sample.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The C-index was the body adiposity marker best associated with high risk of fatal CHD in these patients with type 2 diabetes.
authors.forename: Simone F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Tonding
authors.forename: Flávia M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.forename: Juliana P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Antonio
authors.forename: Mirela J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Azevedo
authors.forename: Luis Henrique S
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Canani
authors.affiliation: Endocrinology Division, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Rua Ramiro Barcelos 2350, Prédio 12, 4° andar, 90035-003 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. jcalmeida@hcpa.ufrgs.br.
authors.forename: Jussara C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Almeida
mesh_terms: D050154:Adiposity; D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003327:Coronary Disease; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D055105:Waist Circumference; D065927:Waist-Height Ratio; D049629:Waist-Hip Ratio
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers