title: Tick saliva increases production of three chemokines including monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, a histamine-releasing cytokine.
abstract: The effect of Ixodes ricinus tick saliva on the production of various cytokines and chemokines by mouse splenocytes was tested by a cytokine array. We demonstrated a strong upregulation of three chemokines, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), thymus-derived chemotactic agent 3 (TCA-3) and macrophage inflammatory protein 2 (MIP-2). MCP-1 could be induced by tick saliva itself. While TCA-3 and MIP-2 are engaged in Th2 polarization of the host immune response associated with tick feeding, MCP-1 may act as a histamine release factor, increasing blood flow into the feeding lesion thus facilitating tick engorgement in the late, rapid feeding phase.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic; Biology centre of the AS CR, Institute of Parasitology, České Budějovice, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Langhansová
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bopp
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Schmitt
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kopecký
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D054402:Chemokine CCL1 / Q000276:immunology*; D018932:Chemokine CCL2 / Q000276:immunology*; D054426:Chemokine CXCL2 / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D006636:Histamine Release; D018884:Ixodes / Q000276:immunology*; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D012463:Saliva / Q000276:immunology; D013047:Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms; D018418:Th2 Cells / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D054402:Chemokine CCL1; D018932:Chemokine CCL2; D054426:Chemokine CXCL2
keywords: Ixodes ricinus; MCP-1; Th2 response; chemokine; histamine; tick saliva