title: Can novel methods be useful for pain assessment of castrated piglets?
abstract: Given that surgical castration is a painful practice performed on millions of pigs every year, a need to identify novel reliable pain assessment tools exists in order to test anaesthetic and analgesic protocols that may reduce related pain. Two treatments were considered: handling (H) and surgical castration (C). Physiological (cortisol, lactate, glycaemia, rectal and eye temperature) and behavioural variables (latency to move after treatment and alterations in posture and walking) were analysed. Cortisol showed the greatest level in C piglets within 20 min after the surgical procedure and a positive correlation with glucose concentration. Eye temperature was higher in C piglets, and the same difference was detected for rectal temperature 3 h after castration. Behavioural parameters revealed that C piglets had longer latency to move and a higher percentage of them showed alterations in posture and walking. Results of this study showed that, in castrated piglets behavioural and physiological alterations occur mainly in the first 3 h from treatment. Latency to move, alterations in posture and walking, and eye temperature appear to give additional and useful information in piglet pain assessment. However, differently from the behavioural parameters considered, eye temperature involves several manipulations of the animals and a long process to acquire the data.
authors.affiliation: 1Department of Animal Medicine,Production and Health,University of Padova,Viale dell'Università 16,35020 Agripolis Legnaro (PD),Italy.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lonardi
authors.affiliation: 1Department of Animal Medicine,Production and Health,University of Padova,Viale dell'Università 16,35020 Agripolis Legnaro (PD),Italy.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Scollo
authors.affiliation: 2Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science,University of Padova,Viale dell'Università 16,35020 Agripolis Legnaro (PD),Italy.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Normando
authors.affiliation: 1Department of Animal Medicine,Production and Health,University of Padova,Viale dell'Università 16,35020 Agripolis Legnaro (PD),Italy.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Brscic
authors.affiliation: 1Department of Animal Medicine,Production and Health,University of Padova,Viale dell'Università 16,35020 Agripolis Legnaro (PD),Italy.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gottardo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001831:Body Temperature; D006854:Hydrocortisone; D008297:Male; D009043:Motor Activity; D009919:Orchiectomy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000662:veterinary*; D010146:Pain / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D013552:Swine / Q000502:physiology; D013553:Swine Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D006854:Hydrocortisone
keywords: thermography