title: Articulation of sounds in Serbian language in patients who learned esophageal speech successfully.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Articulation of pronounced sounds during the training and subsequent use of esophageal speech is very important because it contributes significantly to intelligibility and aesthetics of spoken words and sentences, as well as of speech and language itself. The aim of this research was to determine the quality of articulation of sounds of Serbian language by groups of sounds in patients who had learned esophageal speech successfully as well as the effect of age and tooth loss on the quality of articulation.
  
  
  METHODS
  This retrospective-prospective study included 16 patients who had undergone total laryngectomy. Having completed the rehabilitation of speech, these patient used esophageal voice and speech. The quality of articulation was tested by the "Global test of articulation."
  
  
  RESULTS
  Esophageal speech was rated with grade 5, 4 and 3 in 62.5%, 31.3% and one patient, respectively. Serbian was the native language of all the patients. The study included 30 sounds of Serbian language in 16 subjects (480 total sounds). Only two patients (12.5%) articulated all sounds properly, whereas 87.5% of them had incorrect articulation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The articulation of affricates and fricatives, especially sound /h/ from the group of the fricatives, was found to be the worst in the patients who had successfully mastered esophageal speech. The age and the tooth loss of patients who have mastered esophageal speech do not affect the articulation of sounds in Serbian language.
authors.forename: Maja
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vekić
authors.forename: Mila
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Veselinović
authors.forename: Gordana
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mumović
authors.forename: Slobodan M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Mitrović
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001184:Articulation Disorders / Q000209:etiology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007802:Language; D007822:Laryngeal Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery; D007825:Laryngectomy / Q000009:adverse effects; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010700:Phonetics; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D055771:Serbia; D013062:Speech Articulation Tests; D013065:Speech Intelligibility; D013072:Speech, Esophageal