title: Cellulose/soy protein isolate composite membranes: evaluations of in vitro cytocompatibility with Schwann cells and in vivo toxicity to animals.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the in vitro cytocompatibility of cellulose/soy protein isolate composite membranes (CSM) with Schwann cells and in vivo toxicity to animals.
  
  
  METHODS
  A series of cellulose/soy protein isolate composite membranes (CSM) were prepared by blending, solution casting and coagulation process. The cytocompatibility of the CSM to Schwann cells were evaluated by MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay and by direct cells culture of Schwann cells on the surfaces of the CSM, respectively. The in vivo toxicity of the CSM to animals were also evaluated by acute toxicity testing, skin sensitization testing, pyrogen testing and intracutaneous stimulation testing, respectively, according to the ISO 10993 standard.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The MTT assay showed that the cell viability of Schwann cells cultured in extracts from the CSM was higher than that from the neat cellulose membrane without containing SPI component. The direct cells culture indicated that the Schwann cells could attach and grow well on the surface of the CSM and the incorporation of SPI into cellulose contributed to improvement of cell adhesion and proliferation. The evaluations of in vivo biological safety suggested that the CSM showed no acute toxicity, no skin sensitization and no intracutaneous stimulation to the experimental animals.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The CSM had in vitro cytocompatibility with Schwann cells and biological safety to animals, suggesting potential for the applications as nerve conduit for the repair of nerve defect.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China School of Medicine, Hubei University of Arts and Sciences, Xiangyang, China.
authors.forename: Lihua
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, Hubei University of Arts and Sciences, Xiangyang, China.
authors.forename: Wenrong
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Gong
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Xiangyang Central Hospital affiliated to Hubei University of Arts and Sciences, Xiangyang, China.
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, Hubei University of Arts and Sciences, Xiangyang, China.
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, Hubei University of Arts and Sciences, Xiangyang, China.
authors.forename: Daokun
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: UMR 7365 CNRS - Université de Lorraine, Ingénierie Moléculaire et Physiopathologie Articulaire, Biopôle, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France.
authors.forename: Celine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Huselstein
authors.affiliation: UMR 7365 CNRS - Université de Lorraine, Ingénierie Moléculaire et Physiopathologie Articulaire, Biopôle, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France.
authors.forename: Xiong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
authors.forename: Xiaohua
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
authors.forename: Yinping
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
authors.forename: Yun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002482:Cellulose / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity; D008422:Materials Testing; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012583:Schwann Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D030262:Soybean Proteins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D030262:Soybean Proteins; D002482:Cellulose
keywords: Cellulose; acute toxicity; cytocompatibility; nerve conduit; soy protein isolate