title: Molecular characterization and expression of three preprosomatostatin genes and their association with growth in common carp (Cyprinus carpio).
abstract: Somatostatins (SSs) are a structurally diverse family of peptides that play important roles in the regulation of growth, development and metabolism in vertebrates. In this study, three preprosomatostatin genes (PSSs) in the common carp, Cyprinus carpio (Cc) were identified and characterized. Based on cloned sequences and genome BLAST, six isoforms of the PSS gene in C. carpio (CcPSS) were identified and included CcPSS1a and CcPSS1b, CcPSS2a and CcPSS2b, and finally, CcPSS3a and CcPSS3b. The open reading frames (ORF) of CcPSS1a, CcPSS2a and CcPSS3a consist of 345, 336 and 363 nucleotides. During embryonic development, the expressions of CcPSS2 and CcPSS3 were first observed at the stage of optic vesicle, and CcPSS1 mRNA was initially detected at the stage of muscular effect. The highest mRNA levels of CcPSS1, CcPSS2 and CcPSS3 were observed at 1-day post-hatch (dph), 2-dph and the stage of heart beating, respectively. In the adult brain, the distributions of three CcPSS mRNAs were differential but overlapping in the hypothalamus, telencephalon and medulla oblongata. For peripheral tissues, all three CcPSS mRNAs were detected in the mid-intestine, and CcPSS1 and CcPSS3 mRNAs were also expressed in the liver. Owing to the importance of somatostatins on regulating growth, functional mutations of CcPSSs were identified in a C. carpio population. A total of 23 polymorphic sites were detected in CcPSS1a and CcPSS3a. Of them, two SNPs (CcPSS1a-g.922C>T, and CcPSS3a-g.1125C>A) were significantly associated with growth traits, indicating their potential applications in gene (marker)-assisted selective breeding in C. carpio.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
authors.forename: Xiu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China.
authors.forename: Xiaomu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
authors.forename: Meixia
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
authors.forename: Haiyang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China. Electronic address: jgtong@ihb.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Jingou
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tong
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002347:Carps / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D029941:Fish Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D005819:Genetic Markers; D007814:Larva / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D009928:Organ Specificity; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D013004:Somatostatin / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D029941:Fish Proteins; D005819:Genetic Markers; D013004:Somatostatin
keywords: Cyprinus carpio; Expression pattern; Genetic association; Molecular characterization; Preprosomatostatin