title: Neurobiological changes of schizotypy: evidence from both volume-based morphometric analysis and resting-state functional connectivity.
abstract: The current study sought to examine the underlying brain changes in individuals with high schizotypy by integrating networks derived from brain structural and functional imaging. Individuals with high schizotypy (n = 35) and low schizotypy (n = 34) controls were screened using the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire and underwent brain structural and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging on a 3T scanner. Voxel-based morphometric analysis and graph theory-based functional network analysis were conducted. Individuals with high schizotypy showed reduced gray matter (GM) density in the insula and the dorsolateral prefrontal gyrus. The graph theoretical analysis showed that individuals with high schizotypy showed similar global properties in their functional networks as low schizotypy individuals. Several hubs of the functional network were identified in both groups, including the insula, the lingual gyrus, the postcentral gyrus, and the rolandic operculum. More hubs in the frontal lobe and fewer hubs in the occipital lobe were identified in individuals with high schizotypy. By comparing the functional connectivity between clusters with abnormal GM density and the whole brain, individuals with high schizotypy showed weaker functional connectivity between the left insula and the putamen, but stronger connectivity between the cerebellum and the medial frontal gyrus. Taken together, our findings suggest that individuals with high schizotypy present changes in terms of GM and resting-state functional connectivity, especially in the frontal lobe.
authors.affiliation: Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; These authors contributed equally to the study.
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics (MOE & STCSM), School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China; These authors contributed equally to the study.
authors.forename: Chao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Key Laboratory of MRI, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China;
authors.forename: Da-zhi
authors.initials: DZ
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Key Laboratory of MRI, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China;
authors.forename: Ming-xia
authors.initials: MX
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.affiliation: Castle Peak Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China;
authors.forename: Eric F C
authors.initials: EF
authors.lastname: Cheung
authors.affiliation: Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Melbourne, Australia;
authors.forename: Christos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pantelis
authors.affiliation: Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Magnetic Resonance Imaging Centre, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China rckchan@psych.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Raymond C K
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Chan
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D066128:Gray Matter / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D009415:Nerve Net / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012569:Schizotypal Personality Disorder / Q000503:physiopathology*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: functional connectivity; graph theory; insula; schizotypy; voxel-based morphometry