title: [Blood transfusion: control of infectious risks].
abstract: From blood donor collection to transfusion of the recipient, there are several layers of protection of the blood supply. These measures combined with huge progresses over the three past decades in pathogen discovery and blood testing for specific pathogens (human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B (HBV) and C (HCV) viruses, Human T-cell leukemia virus (HTLV)), provide the greatest safety. With the implementation of serological and molecular testing, at least in high-income countries, transfusion-transmitted infections have become extremely rare. However, for pathogen agents, which are not tested and especially those which are responsible for emerging infectious disease, it became apparent that full control of infectious disease had not been achieved. In addition, the immune status of the recipient has also an impact in the outcome of infectious diseases transmitted by transfusion. Blood safety is based on several measures: education and deferral of donors with risk factors for transmissible disease, blood testing, pathogen reduction interventions, and patient blood management. This paper proposes a review of the residual risk of transmission of infectious diseases by transfusion and of the additional interventions able to further reduce it.
authors.affiliation: Centre national de référence des hépatites B et C et du VIH en transfusion, Institut national de la transfusion sanguine, 75015 Paris, France. Electronic address: slaperche@ints.fr.
authors.forename: Syria
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Laperche
authors.affiliation: Institut national de la transfusion sanguine, 75015 Paris, France; Université Paris 5 (Paris Descartes), 75005 Paris, France.
authors.forename: Jean-Jacques
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Lefrère
authors.affiliation: Établissement français du sang Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 25000 Besançon, France.
authors.forename: Pascal
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Morel
authors.affiliation: Agence nationale de sécurité du médicament et des produits de santé, 93200 Saint-Denis, France.
authors.forename: Elodie
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Pouchol
authors.affiliation: Université de Lyon, faculté de médecine de Saint-Étienne, EA 3064, 42023 Saint-Étienne, France; CHU de Saint-Étienne, service de bactériologie, virologie, hygiène, 42023 Saint-Étienne, France.
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Pozzetto
mesh_terms: D001782:Blood Donors; D003140:Communicable Disease Control / Q000379:methods*; D003141:Communicable Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000635:transmission; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000097:blood / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000635:transmission; D006525:Hepatitis, Viral, Human / Q000097:blood / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000635:transmission; D006801:Humans; D012307:Risk Factors; D065227:Transfusion Reaction