title: Basal cell carcinoma of the outer nose: overview on surgical techniques and analysis of 312 patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Basal cell carcinoma of the nose is common, with a potential of local recurrence and high-risk features.
  
  
  METHODS
  We provide a review on anatomy of the nose, tumour surgery and defect closure on the nose. We analysed our own patients with nasal BCC of a 24 months period.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We identified 321 patients with nasal BCC. There was a predominance of female patients of 1.2 to 1. The mean age was 74.8 years. Slow Mohs technique was employed for all tumours until 3D tumour-free margins were achieved. That resulted on average in 1.8 ± 0.7 Mohs stages. The most common histologic types were solitary (n = 182), morpheic (79), and micronodular (20), Perineural infiltration was evident in 56 tumours. Primary closure after mobilisation of soft tissue was possible in 105 BCCs. Advancement flaps were used in 91 tumours, rotation flaps in 47, transposition flaps in 34 tumours, and combined procedures in 6 cases. In 36 patients full-thickness skin grafting was performed. In two patients healing by second intention was preferred. Partial flap loss was seen in four patients (1.4%). All of them had significant underlying pathologies. None of the tumours treated showed a relapse during the observation time. However, this is a limitation of the present study since follow-up was on average only 10 months.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  BCCs of the nose are common. Only 3D-controlled micrographic surgery (Mohs or slow Mohs) guarantee a high rate of complete tumour removal and a very low risk of recurrence.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Academic Teaching Hospital Dresden-Friedrichstadt, Dresden, Saxony, Germany.
authors.forename: Uwe
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Wollina
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Academic Teaching Hospital Dresden-Friedrichstadt, Dresden, Saxony, Germany.
authors.forename: Annett
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bennewitz
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Academic Teaching Hospital Dresden-Friedrichstadt, Dresden, Saxony, Germany.
authors.forename: Dana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Langner
keywords: Basal cell carcinoma; defect closure; flaps; nose; slow Mohs