title: Low resource screening method of pre-cancerous lesions and its reversal by Triphala in teen-age Indian population.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cancer screening is the main weapon for early detection at a pre-invasive or premalignant stage. It has been reported that over 12 million people use some form of tobacco, which is one of the high risk factors and has hence become an alarming world-wide problem.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effective diagnostic screening of disease in its early stage by inexpensive method and also to evaluate the effect of indigenous mouthrinse on reversal of pre-cancerous lesions.
  
  
  METHODS
  The screening for teenagers belonging to low socio-economic status was carried out. Suspected subjects were evaluated for the reversal of the lesions by use of Ayurvedic preparation as a mouthwash. From 13 to19 years working-child population of North India was selected for the study. Screening was performed by new method-visual inspection with acetic acid. The positive subjects were further investigated by pap smear and biopsy was done as a confirmatory histopathological report. In second phase, the subjects showing positive lesions were advised indigenous anti-cancer mouth rinse and its effect was evaluated after 6 month and 9 month of prescribing the rinse.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The total 1095 children were screened (831 boys and 264 girls). Out of total 34 teenager boys were diagnosed, as acetowhite positive lesion. All the acetowhite positive lesions were found exclusively in males. Histological findings after 9 month use of Triphala mouth rinse revealed no changes in cells in 23 (85.2%), hyperkeratinization in 2 (7.4%), hyperkeratinization and spongiosis was evident in 1 (3.7%), mild pleomorphism in 1 (3.7%) patient. Comparative evaluation from 0-9 month showed statistically highly significant test (P < 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Use of different forms of tobacco and betel nut showed convincing relationship between developments of oral pre-cancerous lesions. Triphala was found to have great potential for reversal of these lesions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pedodontics, K. M. Shah Dental College, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth, Vadodara, Gujarat, India.
authors.forename: Anshula
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Deshpande
authors.affiliation: Department of Pedodontics, Babu Banarasi Das College of Dental Sciences, BBD University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Shobha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tandon
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontics, K. M. Shah Dental College, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth, Vadodara, Gujarat, India.
authors.forename: Neeraj
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Deshpande
keywords: Alcohol; Triphala and teenagers; oral pre-cancerous lesions; screening; tobacco