title: Latino adolescents' perceived discrimination in online and offline settings: an examination of cultural risk and protective factors.
abstract: Guided by a risk and resilience framework, the current study examined the associations between Latino adolescents' (n = 219; Mage = 14.35; SD = 1.75) perceptions of ethnic discrimination in multiple settings (e.g., online, school) and several domains of adjustment (e.g., mental health, academic), and tested whether developmentally salient cultural assets (i.e., ethnic identity) directly promoted youth adjustment or moderated the negative impact of discrimination on adjustment. Each of the 3 ethnic identity components (i.e., exploration, resolution, affirmation) demonstrated evidence of promoting positive outcomes among Latino youth; furthermore, there was some evidence that the promotive effects of affirmation and resolution were significantly stronger for older versus younger adolescents. In addition, with the exception of experiences with discrimination from adults outside of the school setting, there was evidence of ethnic identity interacting with each type of discrimination to predict Latino adolescents' self-esteem, depressive symptoms, and externalizing problems. Findings suggest directions for future research and identify potential targets for intervention that may prove fruitful in programming efforts with Latino adolescents.
authors.affiliation: T. Denny Sanford School of Social and Family Dynamics, Arizona State University.
authors.forename: Adriana J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Umaña-Taylor
authors.affiliation: Rossier School of Education, University of Southern California.
authors.forename: Brendesha M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Tynes
authors.affiliation: Human Development and Family Studies, Kent State University.
authors.forename: Russell B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Toomey
authors.affiliation: Department of Social & Behavioral Sciences, Harvard University School of Public Health.
authors.forename: David R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.affiliation: Crimes Against Children Research Center, University of New Hampshire.
authors.forename: Kimberly J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Mitchell
mesh_terms: D000069:Acculturation; D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior / Q000208:ethnology / Q000523:psychology; D002648:Child; D004192:Discrimination, Psychological; D005260:Female; D006630:Hispanic or Latino / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009862:Online Systems; D065840:Protective Factors; D063508:Social Discrimination; D012933:Social Identification; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires