title: Validity of aqueocentesis as a component of anterior uveitis investigation in dogs and cats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe aqueocentesis cytopathology results from dogs and cats presenting for uveitis investigation and to determine whether this is a useful and safe procedure.
  
  
  METHODS
  Dogs and cats presenting for investigation of anterior uveitis (April 2008-December 2013).
  
  
  METHODS
  Aqueous was collected via limbal entry under sedation/general anesthesia, for cytopathology and occasionally bacterial culture or polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing. Further workup included blood testing (hematology, biochemistry, and serology), diagnostic imaging, nonocular cytopathology, and available histopathology.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifty-six dogs and 39 cats were included in the study. An aqueous cytopathologic diagnosis of lymphoma (or discrete cell neoplasia) was made in six dogs and seven cats, and a diagnosis of large cell carcinoma made in one dog. This diagnosis of lymphoma was confirmed by ocular histopathology in two dogs and one cat; nonocular cytopathology corroborated lymphoma in another three dogs and five cats. Lymphoma was not evident on aqueous cytopathology but confirmed on nonocular histopathology in two dogs and by cytopathology in one cat. Additionally, aqueous cytopathology in three cats suggested, but was not considered diagnostic of, lymphoma; one of these cats had a confirmatory diagnosis of lymphoma on subsequent clinical investigation. Aqueous humor cytopathology alone was not diagnostic in non-neoplastic anterior uveitis cases, but supplemented the clinical picture with other systemic diagnostic tests. No clinically important complications were reported in association with aqueocentesis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Aqueocentesis is performed readily with minimal risk. The results were primarily useful in aiding a diagnosis of lymphoma in both dogs and cats.
authors.affiliation: Davies Veterinary Specialists, Manor Farm Business Park, Hertfordshire, UK.
authors.forename: Rose N
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Linn-Pearl
authors.affiliation: Powell Torrance Diagnostic Services, Manor Farm Business Park, Hertfordshire, UK.
authors.forename: Roger M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Powell
authors.affiliation: Davies Veterinary Specialists, Manor Farm Business Park, Hertfordshire, UK.
authors.forename: Hayley A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Newman
authors.affiliation: Davies Veterinary Specialists, Manor Farm Business Park, Hertfordshire, UK.
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Gould
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001082:Aqueous Humor; D002371:Cat Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis*; D002415:Cats; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis*; D004285:Dogs; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D019152:Paracentesis / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D014603:Uveal Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000662:veterinary; D014604:Uveal Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000662:veterinary; D014606:Uveitis, Anterior / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000662:veterinary*
keywords: anterior uveitis; aqueocentesis; cats; cytopathology; dogs; lymphoma