title: Cavernous sinus thrombosis syndrome and brainstem involvement in patient with leptospirosis: Two rare complications of leptospirosis.
abstract: Leptospirosis is a bacterial disease that is caused by pathogenic spirochetes of the genus Leptospira. It can affect humans and animals. In humans, it can lead to a wide spectrum of symptoms. It is known as the most common zoonosis in the world. The typical presentation of the disease is an acute biphasic febrile illness with or without jaundice. Less common clinical manifestations may result from involvement of different human body systems. In many places, this disease may be under-diagnosed, especially when associated with neurological complications. Moreover, without treatment, leptospirosis can lead to organ damages, and even death. Neurological complications are uncommon and are reported in a few cases. Cavernous sinus thrombosis syndrome and brainstem involvement are rare complications of leptospirosis and are associated with a high mortality risk. To our knowledge, no such cases have been reported in the literature.
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
authors.forename: Shahriyar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Alian
authors.affiliation: Nephrology and Urology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Mehrdad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Taghipour
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
authors.forename: Rayka
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sharifian
authors.affiliation: Student Research Committee, Hamedan University of Medical Sciences, Hamedan, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad Amin
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Fereydouni
keywords: Brainstem involvement; cavernous sinus thrombosis; complication; leptospirosis