title: Turner syndrome--issues to consider for transition to adulthood.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Turner syndrome (TS) is associated with a spectrum of health problems across the age span, which requires particular attention during the transition period in these adolescents.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The majority of girls with TS require oestrogen replacement from puberty onwards, which is important for adequate feminization, uterine development and maintenance of bone health. There is a lifetime increased risk from autoimmune conditions like hypothyroidism, coeliac disease, hearing loss and aortic dilatation with the potential to lead to aortic dissection. A systematic and holistic approach to provision of health care in TS is needed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Several unanswered questions remain, including the choice of hormone replacement therapy in the young person with TS and in adulthood; the optimal mode of cardiovascular assessment; the best management and assessment prior to and during pregnancy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The optimal model of care and transition to adult services in TS requires attention. Further research is needed in relation to cardiovascular risk assessment, pregnancy management and hormone replacement therapy in TS.
authors.affiliation: Developmental Endocrinology Research Group, School of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Dalnair Street, Glasgow, UK.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lucaccioni
authors.affiliation: Developmental Endocrinology Research Group, School of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Dalnair Street, Glasgow, UK.
authors.forename: Sze Choong
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.affiliation: Turner Syndrome Support Society, 12 Simpson Court, Clydebank, UK.
authors.forename: Arlene
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Smyth
authors.affiliation: Assisted Conception Unit, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Castle Street, Glasgow, UK.
authors.forename: Helen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lyall
authors.affiliation: College of Medicine, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, University Avenue, Glasgow, UK.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dominiczak
authors.affiliation: Developmental Endocrinology Research Group, School of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Dalnair Street, Glasgow, UK.
authors.forename: S Faisal
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Ahmed
authors.affiliation: Developmental Endocrinology Research Group, School of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Dalnair Street, Glasgow, UK avrilmason@nhs.net Avril.mason@ggc.scot.nhs.uk.
authors.forename: Avril
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mason
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D002648:Child; D032921:Consensus; D005260:Female; D020249:Hormone Replacement Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007621:Karyotyping / Q000379:methods*; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D011247:Pregnancy; D011627:Puberty; D012307:Risk Factors; D060305:Transition to Adult Care; D014424:Turner Syndrome / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy; D006113:United Kingdom / Q000453:epidemiology
keywords: Turner syndrome; aortic dilatation; aortic dissection; hormone replacement therapy; pregnancy; puberty; transition