title: Colon Cancer Associated Transcript-1 (CCAT1) Expression in Adenocarcinoma of the Stomach.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been shown to have functional roles in cancer biology and are dys-regulated in many tumors. Colon Cancer Associated Transcript -1 (CCAT1) is a lncRNA, previously shown to be significantly up-regulated in colon cancer. The aim of this study is to determine expression levels of CCAT1 in gastric carcinoma (GC).
  
  
  METHODS
  Tissue samples were obtained from patients undergoing resection for gastric carcinoma (n=19). For each patient, tumor tissue and normal appearing gastric mucosa were taken. Normal gastric tissues obtained from morbidly obese patients, undergoing laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy served as normal controls (n=19). A human gastric carcinoma cell line (AGS) served as positive control. RNA was extracted from all tissue samples and CCAT1 expression was analyzed using quantitative real time-PCR (qRT-PCR).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Low expression of CCAT1 was identified in normal gastric mucosa samples obtained from morbidly obese patients [mean Relative Quantity (RQ) = 1.95±0.4]. AGS human gastric carcinoma cell line showed an elevated level of CCAT1 expression (RQ=8.02). Expression levels of CCAT1 were approximately 10.8 fold higher in GC samples than in samples taken from the negative control group (RQ=21.1±5 vs. RQ=1.95±0.4, respectively, p<0.001). Interestingly, CCAT1 expression was significantly overexpressed in adjacent normal tissues when compared to the negative control group (RQ = 15.25±2 vs. RQ=1.95±0.4, respectively, p<0.001). Tissues obtained from recurrent GC cases showed the highest expression levels (RQ = 88.8±31; p<0.001). Expression levels increased with tumor stage (T4- 36.4±15, T3- 16.1±6, T2- 4.7±1), however this did not reach statistical significance (p=0.2). There was no difference in CCAT1 expression between intestinal and diffuse type GC (RQ=22.4±7 vs. 22.4±16, respectively, p=0.9). Within the normal gastric tissue samples, no significant difference in CCAT1 expression was observed in helicobacter pylori negative and positive patients (RQ= 2.4±0.9 vs. 0.93±0.2, respectively, p=0.13).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CCAT1 is up-regulated in gastric cancer, and may serve as a potential bio-marker for early detection and surveillance.
authors.affiliation: 1. Department of Surgery, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Mount Scopus, Jerusalem, Israel;
authors.forename: Ido
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Mizrahi
authors.affiliation: 1. Department of Surgery, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Mount Scopus, Jerusalem, Israel;
authors.forename: Haggi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mazeh
authors.affiliation: 1. Department of Surgery, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Mount Scopus, Jerusalem, Israel;
authors.forename: Ronit
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Grinbaum
authors.affiliation: 1. Department of Surgery, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Mount Scopus, Jerusalem, Israel;
authors.forename: Nahum
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Beglaibter
authors.affiliation: 2. The Surgical Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Mount Scopus, Jerusalem, Israel;
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wilschanski
authors.affiliation: 2. The Surgical Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Mount Scopus, Jerusalem, Israel;
authors.forename: Vera
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Pavlov
authors.affiliation: 3. Department of Surgery, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Ein Kerem, Jerusalem, Israel;
authors.forename: Muchamad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Adileh
authors.affiliation: 4. Bon Secours Cancer Institute, Richmond, VA, USA;
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Stojadinovic
authors.affiliation: 4. Bon Secours Cancer Institute, Richmond, VA, USA;
authors.forename: Itzhak
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Avital
authors.affiliation: 5. Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ali Osmay
authors.initials: AO
authors.lastname: Gure
authors.affiliation: 2. The Surgical Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Mount Scopus, Jerusalem, Israel;
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Halle
authors.affiliation: 2. The Surgical Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Mount Scopus, Jerusalem, Israel; ; 3. Department of Surgery, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Ein Kerem, Jerusalem, Israel;
authors.forename: Aviram
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nissan
keywords: CCAT1; Gastric cancer; biomarker; gastrectomy; long non-coding RNA.