title: Expression of hepatocyte growth factor in prostate cancer may indicate a biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy.
abstract: We previously found that prostate cancer stem-like cells (CSCs)/cancer-initiating cells (CICs) express hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and that the HGF/c-MET proto-oncogene product (c-MET) signal has a role in the maintenance of prostate CSCs/CICs in an autocrine fashion. HGF is, thus, a novel marker for prostate CSCs/CICs. We hypothesized that high expression of HGF might be related to early recurrence of prostate cancer after radical prostatectomy, and the purpose of the present study was to evaluate the relationship between expression of HGF in prostate tissues and biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy. One hundred-one patients with prostate cancer who underwent open or laparoscopic radical prostatectomy from November 2008 to October 2011 with an adequate prostate-specific antigen (PSA) follow-up period, were investigated. Immunohistochemical staining of HGF was compared to biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy. Patients with tumors exhibiting HGF positivity of 5% or more had a significantly shorter biochemical recurrence-free period than that of patients whose tumor HGF positivity was less than 5% (p=0.001). In multivariate Cox regression, preoperative PSA and HGF positivity were independent predictors of biochemical recurrence following prostatectomy. Our finding suggests a direct link between expression of HGF, a novel prostate marker of CSCs/CICs, and biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy in patients with prostate cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, Japan Department of Urology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, Japan.
authors.forename: Sachiyo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nishida
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, Japan hirohash@sapmed.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Yoshihiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hirohashi
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, Japan.
authors.forename: Toshihiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Torigoe
authors.affiliation: Division of Advanced Medicine Promotion, The Advanced Clinical Research Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Masanori
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nojima
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, Japan Department of Urology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, Japan.
authors.forename: Ryuta
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kitamura
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, Japan.
authors.forename: Toshiaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroko
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Asanuma
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, Japan.
authors.forename: Noriyuki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, Japan.
authors.forename: Naoya
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Masumori
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism*; D017228:Hepatocyte Growth Factor / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000517:prevention & control; D014411:Neoplastic Stem Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011468:Prostatectomy; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D000090063:Proto-Oncogene Mas; D012372:ROC Curve; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; C066855:HGF protein, human; C000715470:MAS1 protein, human; D000090063:Proto-Oncogene Mas; D017228:Hepatocyte Growth Factor
keywords: Cancer stem cell; hepatocyte growth factor; prostate cancer; prostatectomy; recurrence