title: Uptake efficiency of surface modified gold nanoparticles does not correlate with functional changes and cytokine secretion in human dendritic cells in vitro.
abstract: Engineering nanoparticles (NPs) for immune modulation require a thorough understanding of their interaction(s) with cells. Gold NPs (AuNPs) were coated with polyethylene glycol (PEG), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) or a mixture of both with either positive or negative surface charge to investigate uptake and cell response in monocyte-derived dendritic cells (MDDCs). Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry and transmission electron microscopy were used to confirm the presence of Au inside MDDCs. Cell viability, (pro-)inflammatory responses, MDDC phenotype, activation markers, antigen uptake and processing were analyzed. Cell death was only observed for PVA-NH2 AuNPs at the highest concentration. MDDCs internalize AuNPs, however, surface modification influenced uptake. Though limited uptake was observed for PEG-COOH AuNPs, a significant tumor necrosis factor-alpha release was induced. In contrast, (PEG+PVA)-NH2 and PVA-NH2 AuNPs were internalized to a higher extent and caused interleukin-1beta secretion. None of the AuNPs caused changes in MDDC phenotype, activation or immunological properties. From the clinical editor: This team of authors investigated the influence of gold nano-particles with different surface modifications on immunological properties in monocyte-derived dendritic cells. AuNPs triggered responses in these cells that has to be further investigated in terms of development of novel vaccine carriers.
authors.affiliation: Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Marly, Fribourg, Switzerland. Electronic address: kleanthis.fytianos@unifr.ch.
authors.forename: Kleanthis
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fytianos
authors.affiliation: Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Marly, Fribourg, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rodriguez-Lorenzo
authors.affiliation: Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Marly, Fribourg, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Martin J D
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Clift
authors.affiliation: Respiratory Medicine, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Fabian
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Blank
authors.affiliation: Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Marly, Fribourg, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Dimitri
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Vanhecke
authors.affiliation: Respiratory Medicine, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Christophe
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: von Garnier
authors.affiliation: Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Marly, Fribourg, Switzerland; Department of Chemistry, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Alke
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Petri-Fink
authors.affiliation: Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Marly, Fribourg, Switzerland; Respiratory Medicine, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Rothen-Rutishauser
mesh_terms: D002478:Cells, Cultured; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D006046:Gold / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D009000:Monocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D011142:Polyvinyl Alcohol / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; C508585:IL1B protein, human; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D006046:Gold; D011142:Polyvinyl Alcohol; C000595209:polyethylene glycol 1000
keywords: Cell viability; Cellular uptake; Dendritic cells; Gold nanoparticles; Immunological properties