title: Prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors, the association with socioeconomic variables in adolescents from low-income region.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To estimate the prevalence of obesity, overweight, abdominal obesity and high blood pressure in a sample of adolescents from a low-income city in Brazil and to estimate the relationship with the socioeconomic status of the family, the education level of the family provider and the type of school.
  
  
  METHODS
  This cross-sectional study randomly sampled 1,014 adolescents (54.8% girls), between 14-19 years of age, attending high school from Imperatriz (MA). The outcomes of this study were: obesity and overweight, abdominal obesity and high blood pressure (systolic and/ or diastolic). The independent variables were: socioeconomic status (SES) of the family, education level of the family provider (ELFP) and type of school. The confounding variables were: gender, age and physical activity level. Prevalence was estimated, and the association between the endpoints and the independent variables was analyzed using a prevalence ratio (PR), with a 95% confidence interval, estimated by Poisson regression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The overall prevalence of obesity was 3.8%, overweight, 13.1%, abdominal obesity, 22.7% and high blood pressure, 21.3%. The adjusted analysis indicated that girls with high SES showed an increased likelihood to be overweight (PR=1.71 [95% IC: 1.13-2.87]), while private school boys had an increased likelihood of obesity (PR=1.79 [95% CI: 1.04-3.08]) and abdominal obesity (PR =1.64 [95% CI: 1.06-2.54]).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prevalence of CVDR is high in adolescents from this low-income region. Boys from private schools are more likely to have obesity and abdominal obesity, and girls with high SES are more likely to be overweight.
authors.affiliation: University of Trás-os-Montes & Alto D'ouro, Vila Real, Portugal, School of Medicine of the University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil, YCARE (Youth/Child and Cardiovascular Risk and Environmental) Research Group, School of Medicine of the University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.. marcus_nascimento_@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Marcus Vinicius
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Nascimento-Ferreira
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine of the University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil, Faculty of Health Sciences of the University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain, YCARE (Youth/Child and Cardiovascular Risk and Environmental) Research Group, School of Medicine of the University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.. augustocesar.demoraes@usp.br.
authors.forename: Augusto Cesar F
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: De Moraes
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine of the University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil, YCARE (Youth/Child and Cardiovascular Risk and Environmental) Research Group, School of Medicine of the University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.. heracc@usp.br.
authors.forename: Heraclito B
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Carvalho
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine of the University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil, Faculty of Health Sciences of the University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain,. lmoreno@unizar.es.
authors.forename: Luis A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Moreno
authors.affiliation: Faculdades Unidas do Norte de Minas, Funorte, Minas Gerais, Brazil,. algcarneiro@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: André Luiz
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Gomes Carneiro
authors.affiliation: University of Trás-os-Montes & Alto D'ouro, Vila Real, Portugal,. victormachadoreis@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Victor Manuel M
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: dos Reis
authors.affiliation: Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil,. torresthe@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Francisco Leonardo
authors.initials: FL
authors.lastname: Torres-Leal
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000191:economics* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004522:Educational Status; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D009765:Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology; D050177:Overweight / Q000453:epidemiology; D011203:Poverty / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D014505:Urban Population; D055815:Young Adult