title: Androgen deprivation therapy prevents bladder cancer recurrence.
abstract: Although accumulating preclinical evidence indicates the involvement of androgen receptor signals in bladder cancer (BC) development, its clinical relevance remains unclear. We aimed to evaluate the predictive role of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) in BC recurrence in prostate cancer (PC) patients. We retrospectively reviewed 20,328 patients with PC diagnosed during 1991-2013 and identified 239 (1.2%) men having primary BC. After excluding ineligible patients, 162 patients made up a final cohort. With a median follow-up of 62 months, 38 (50%) of 76 control patients without ADT experienced BC recurrence, while 19 (22%) of 86 did in ADT group. Thus, patients having received ADT for their PC showed a significantly lower risk of BC recurrence (5-year actuarial recurrence-free survival: 76% v 40%; P < 0.001) and also had a significantly smaller number of recurrence episodes (5-year cumulative recurrence: 0.44 v 1.54; P < 0.001), compared to the control patients. A multivariable analysis revealed ADT as an independent prognosticator (hazard ratio, 0.29; 95% confidence interval, 0.17-0.49) for BC recurrence. This is the first clinical study showing that ADT significantly reduces the risk of BC recurrence.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan.
authors.forename: Koji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Izumi
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Yokohama City University Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan.
authors.forename: Masataka
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Taguri
authors.affiliation: Departments of Pathology and Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Miyamoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Odawara Municipal Hospital, Odawara, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshinori
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hara
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Kanagawa Cancer Center, Yokohama, Japan.
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kishida
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Kawasaki Municipal Ida Hospital, Kawasaki, Japan.
authors.forename: Kimio
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Chiba
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, International Goodwill Hospital, Yokohama, Japan.
authors.forename: Tetsuo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Murai
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Sagamihara National Hospital, Sagamihara, Japan.
authors.forename: Kotaro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hirai
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Saiseikai Yokohamashi Nanbu Hospital, Yokohama, Japan.
authors.forename: Kotaro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Chigasaki Municipal Hospital, Chigasaki, Japan.
authors.forename: Kiyoshi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fujinami
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Japanese Red Cross Hadano Hospital, Hadano, Japan.
authors.forename: Teiichiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ueki
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Hiratsuka Kyousai Hospital, Hiratsuka, Japan.
authors.forename: Koichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Udagawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Fujisawa City Hospital, Fujisawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kitami
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Yokohama Municipal Citizen's Hospital, Yokohama, Japan.
authors.forename: Masatoshi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Moriyama
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Yokohama City University Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan.
authors.forename: Yasuhide
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Miyoshi
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Yokohama City Minato Red Cross Hospital, Yokohama, Japan.
authors.forename: Futoshi
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Tsuchiya
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Yokohama Minami Kyousai Hospital, Yokohama, Japan.
authors.forename: Ichiro
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ikeda
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Yokosuka Kyousai Hospital, Yokosuka, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Yokohama City University Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan.
authors.forename: Maho
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Statistics and Bioinformatics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Morita
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Yokohama City University Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazumi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Noguchi
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroji
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Uemura
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000728:Androgens / Q000172:deficiency* / Q000378:metabolism; D015331:Cohort Studies; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000517:prevention & control*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000628:therapy*
chemical_list: D000728:Androgens