title: Recommendations for cardiac chamber quantification by echocardiography in adults: an update from the American Society of Echocardiography and the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging.
abstract: The rapid technological developments of the past decade and the changes in echocardiographic practice brought about by these developments have resulted in the need for updated recommendations to the previously published guidelines for cardiac chamber quantification, which was the goal of the joint writing group assembled by the American Society of Echocardiography and the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging. This document provides updated normal values for all four cardiac chambers, including three-dimensional echocardiography and myocardial deformation, when possible, on the basis of considerably larger numbers of normal subjects, compiled from multiple databases. In addition, this document attempts to eliminate several minor discrepancies that existed between previously published guidelines.
authors.affiliation: University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois.
authors.forename: Roberto M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Lang
authors.affiliation: University of Padua, Padua, Italy.
authors.forename: Luigi P
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Badano
authors.affiliation: University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois.
authors.forename: Victor
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Mor-Avi
authors.affiliation: Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Afilalo
authors.affiliation: Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland.
authors.forename: Anderson
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Armstrong
authors.affiliation: INSERM U955 and Hôpital Henri Mondor, Créteil, France.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ernande
authors.affiliation: Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
authors.forename: Frank A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Flachskampf
authors.affiliation: University of California, San Francisco, California.
authors.forename: Elyse
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Foster
authors.affiliation: Medstar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, District of Columbia.
authors.forename: Steven A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Goldstein
authors.affiliation: University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
authors.forename: Tatiana
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kuznetsova
authors.affiliation: University of Liège Hospital, Liège, Belgium.
authors.forename: Patrizio
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lancellotti
authors.affiliation: University of Padua, Padua, Italy.
authors.forename: Denisa
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Muraru
authors.affiliation: Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Michael H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Picard
authors.affiliation: Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.
authors.forename: Ernst R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Rietzschel
authors.affiliation: Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
authors.forename: Lawrence
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rudski
authors.affiliation: University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois.
authors.forename: Kirk T
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Spencer
authors.affiliation: University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Wendy
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Tsang
authors.affiliation: University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
authors.forename: Jens-Uwe
authors.initials: JU
authors.lastname: Voigt
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004452:Echocardiography / Q000592:standards*; D005060:Europe; D005260:Female; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D013318:Stroke Volume; D014481:United States; D018754:Ventricular Dysfunction / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*
keywords: Adult echocardiography; Normal values; Transthoracic echocardiography; Ventricular function