title: Comparison of different urine pretreatments for biological monitoring of pyrethroid insecticides.
abstract: During a cross-validation practice of urinary analysis of pyrethroid insecticide metabolite (3-phenoxybenzoic acid, 3-PBA) by two laboratories (Lab A and Lab B), difference in 3-PBA concentration was noticed. The analytical methods used in the exercise were enzymatic deconjugation (glucuronidase/sulfatase) followed by solid phase extraction and isotope dilution LC-MS-MS determination (Lab A) and acidic deconjugation followed by liquid-liquid extraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry determination (Lab B). A significant difference was found for one of the five samples: lower value was obtained in Lab A. Use of acidic deconjugation in Lab A resulted in comparable value with the analytical result for this sample originally obtained in Lab B. The comparison was extended to 42 urine samples taken from Japanese males in Lab A by using the two different deconjugation methods and LC-MS-MS determination. Significantly lower value was obtained for enzymatic deconjugation in some of the 42 urine samples. The results suggested the presence of other conjugated species of 3-PBA than glucuronide and sulfate in human urine. Although the overall agreement between the values obtained by the deconjugation methods was fair, it appears that urine samples should be pretreated by acidic deconjugation for the analysis in biological monitoring of pyrethroid exposure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Studies, University of Tokyo, Kashiwanoha 5-1-5, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8563, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Toshima
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Studies, University of Tokyo, Kashiwanoha 5-1-5, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8563, Japan junyosh@k.u-tokyo.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yoshinaga
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shiraishi
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8601, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8601, Japan.
authors.forename: Michihiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kamijima
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathophysiological Laboratory Sciences, Field of Radiological and Medical Laboratory Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 461-8673, Japan.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ueyama
mesh_terms: D001565:Benzoates / Q000652:urine*; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007306:Insecticides / Q000652:urine*; D011722:Pyrethrins / Q000652:urine*; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry
chemical_list: D001565:Benzoates; D007306:Insecticides; D011722:Pyrethrins; C017618:3-phenoxybenzoic acid