title: Hand hygiene in reducing transient flora on the hands of healthcare workers: an educational intervention.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Hand hygiene has now been recognised as one of the most effective intervention to control the transmission of infections in a hospital and education is an important tool to ensure its implementation. In order to convince the users and as a part of education, it is important to generate evidence on the role of hand hygiene in reducing the bacterial flora on their hands. The present study was undertaken in a tertiary care hospital to demonstrate the presence of bacterial flora on the hands of healthcare workers (HCW) in different categories, to teach them proper hand hygiene technique using alcohol-based hand rub and determine the outcome for reduction of bacteria.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total sample size of 60 subjects including resident doctors, medical students, nurses and hospital attendants were included in the study after obtaining informed consent. Each person was educated on the technique of hand hygiene with alcohol-based hand rub and hand impressions were cultured before and after hand hygiene. All the subjects were also given a questionnaire to assess their perception on hand hygiene. The WHO posters on proper hand hygiene were displayed in the appropriate areas of the hospital in addition, as an educational tool.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Majority (42 out of 60) of the HCWs had bacterial count up to 100 colonies or more on both hands before the application of hand rub while working in the hospital. After use of alcohol hand rub with a proper hand hygiene technique, it was found that the percentage reduction was 95-99% among doctors and nurses, 70% among hospital attendants and 50% among sanitary attendants. Staphylococcus aureus was present on the hands of eight persons of which three were methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study demonstrates that transient bacteria are present on the hands of HCWs but majority could be removed by proper hand hygiene, which needs continuous education to be effective. It also shows that active education by demonstrating the proper hand hygiene technique and direct observation of the practices, though demanding, are ideal to understand the attitudes and practices of HCWs and helps in planning implementation strategies.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kapil
authors.affiliation: Cancer Society Medical College, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India.
authors.forename: H K
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Bhavsar
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Madan
mesh_terms: D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D001419:Bacteria / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D001521:Behavior Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D003428:Cross Infection / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000635:transmission; D018562:Disease Transmission, Infectious / Q000517:prevention & control; D004502:Education, Medical, Continuing / Q000379:methods*; D006225:Hand / Q000382:microbiology*; D063373:Hand Hygiene / Q000379:methods*; D006282:Health Personnel; D006801:Humans; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires