title: Ethnomycological survey of traditional usage and indigenous knowledge on desert truffles among the native Sahara Desert people of Algeria.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Desert truffles are edible hypogeous fungi, highly appreciated by the inhabitants of hot-desert settlements. Native Saharan people use truffles for food, promoting tourism, increasing fertility, and treatment of eye diseases and fatigue.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study consists of a cross-sectional survey focusing on the knowledge, use and ethnomycological practices of desert truffles among the native people of the Algerian Northern Sahara.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was conducted through direct interviews with 60 truffle-hunters in the regions of Ouargla and Ghardaia.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Three species were harvested and consumed by the surveyed subjects: Terfezia claveryi was the most appreciated and most expensive species, followed by Terfezia areanaria moderately preferred, then Tirmania nivea the least appreciated and least expensive. Among the 60 interviewees, 90% rely on the abundance of symbiotic plants (Helianthemum lippii) to harvest truffles, 65% begin harvesting from mid-February to March, after rains of the autumn (38%) and winter (36%), particularly in the Wadi beds (37%) and Daya landscapes (32%). Interviewees harvested truffles mainly for home consumption; however 26.7% sell any harvest surplus, and of those only 15% generate significant revenue from this source, and 73% considered the sale of desert truffles to have low financial value. Desert truffles are used in traditional medicine, especially against eye infections (22%), weakness (19%) and to promote male fertility (19%). In the case of desert truffles for consumption, the surveyed population preferred to prepare the truffles with couscous and meat, or in porridge. Respondents used price as the main criterion for deciding whether to purchase desert truffles.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The surveyed trufflers use the knowledge passed from one generation to the next to help ensure a good harvest of truffles during each foray into the desert. Our findings highlight the various uses of truffles in the Sahara Desert, and how these relate to the lifestyle of local people.
authors.affiliation: Univ Ouargla, Fac. des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Lab. Bio-ressources Sahariennes: Préservation et Valorisation, Ouargla 30000, Algeria.
authors.forename: Lyès
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bradai
authors.affiliation: Department of Natural and Life Sciences, FSESNV, University of Tebessa, 12002 Tebessa, Algeria.
authors.forename: Souad
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Neffar
authors.affiliation: Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France.
authors.forename: Khaled
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Amrani
authors.affiliation: Univ Ouargla, Fac. des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Lab. Bio-ressources Sahariennes: Préservation et Valorisation, Ouargla 30000, Algeria.
authors.forename: Samia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bissati
authors.affiliation: Department of Natural and Life Sciences, FSESNV, University of Tebessa, 12002 Tebessa, Algeria. Electronic address: chenchouni@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Haroun
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chenchouni
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000462:Algeria; D001203:Ascomycota; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D016488:Medicine, African Traditional; D008875:Middle Aged; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: Algeria; Desert truffles; Ethnomycology; Medicinal use; Northern Sahara; Traditional knowledge