title: Dietary changes associated with improvement of metabolic syndrome components in postmenopausal women receiving two different nutrition interventions.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aims to examine the association between dietary changes and improvement of metabolic syndrome components in Mexican postmenopausal women receiving two different nutrition interventions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Women (n = 118) with metabolic syndrome were randomly assigned to group 1 (n = 63; structured hypocaloric diet) or group 2 (n = 55; behavioral therapy). Metabolic and nutrition assessment was performed at baseline and after 2, 4, and 6 months of intervention. Dietary changes throughout the study and achievement of cardioprotective dietary goals were assessed at the end of the intervention.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a significant increase in the number of women who met recommended servings for fruits/vegetables, low-fat dairy, and sugars in both groups. In group 1, elimination of high-energy refined grains increased the probability of having normal fasting glucose (relative risk, 1.514; 95% CI, 0.989-2.316; P = 0.035). In this group, women who met the low-fat dairy goal at the end of the study had lower diastolic blood pressure (P = 0.012) and higher high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (P = 0.001). In group 2, women who met the high-fat dairy goal had greater probability of having normal fasting glucose (relative risk, 1.915; 95% CI, 1.123-3.266; P = 0.026). In all women, exclusion of high-fat dairy decreased by 60% the probability of having impaired fasting glucose (relative risk, 0.40; 95% CI, 0.181-0.906; P = 0.028).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both strategies promote achievement of cardioprotective dietary goals for fruits/vegetables, sugars, soda and sweetened beverages, low-fat dairy, and high-energy refined grains, and improve some metabolic syndrome components. Elimination of high-fat dairy decreases the risk of impaired fasting glucose. Dietary strategies should be flexible and individualized based on metabolic profile.
authors.affiliation: From the Departamento de Nutrición y Bioprogramación, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología "Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes," Mexico City, Mexico.
authors.forename: Ameyalli
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rodriguez-Cano
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mier-Cabrera
authors.forename: Margie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Balas-Nakash
authors.forename: Cinthya
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Muñoz-Manrique
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Legorreta-Legorreta
authors.forename: Otilia
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Perichart-Perera
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D001794:Blood Pressure; D031204:Caloric Restriction; D003611:Dairy Products; D005215:Fasting / Q000097:blood; D005247:Feeding Behavior / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005638:Fruit; D006801:Humans; D008075:Lipoproteins, HDL / Q000097:blood; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000097:blood / Q000178:diet therapy*; D008800:Mexico; D008875:Middle Aged; D015596:Nutrition Assessment; D017698:Postmenopause; D014675:Vegetables
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D008075:Lipoproteins, HDL