title: A novel metal coordination enabled in carboxylated alginic acid for effective fluoride removal.
abstract: This article enlightens the synthesis of carboxylated alginic acid (CAA) and metal ions coordinated CAA (M-CAA) for defluoridation studies in batch mode. The oxidation of alginic acid (AA) with KMnO4 gives CAA and the metal coordination was enabled in CAA by using high valence metal ions viz., La(3+) (La-CAA) and Zr(4+) (Zr-CAA). The synthesized materials Zr-CAA, La-CAA and CAA possess the defluoridation capacities (DCs) of 4064, 3137 and 880 mgF(-)/kg respectively. An enhanced DC was observed for metal-coordinated CAA (M-CAA) than CAA. The defluoridation experiments were carried with numerous influencing parameters like contact time, pH and competitor anions for optimization. The characterization of materials was carried out using FTIR, EDAX and SEM analysis. The sorption data was fitted with various isotherms and kinetic models. The values of thermodynamic parameters indicate the nature of fluoride removal is spontaneous and endothermic. At field conditions, M-CAA reduce the fluoride concentration below the tolerance limit.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Anna University, University College of Engineering - Dindigul, Reddiyarchatram, Dindigul- 624 622, Tamilnadu, India.
authors.forename: Kalimuthu
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Pandi
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Anna University, University College of Engineering - Dindigul, Reddiyarchatram, Dindigul- 624 622, Tamilnadu, India. Electronic address: drnviswanathan@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Natrayasamy
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Viswanathan
mesh_terms: D000464:Alginates / Q000737:chemistry*; D005459:Fluorides / Q000737:chemistry*; D020723:Glucuronic Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D006603:Hexuronic Acids / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000464:Alginates; D006603:Hexuronic Acids; D020723:Glucuronic Acid; D005459:Fluorides
keywords: Alginic acid; Carboxylated alginic acid; Field application; Fluoride; Metal coordination; Sorption