title: In vitro cytotoxicity of metallic ions released from dental alloys.
abstract: The cytotoxicity of a dental alloy depends on, but is not limited to, the extent of its corrosion behavior. Individual ions may have effects on cell viability that are different from metals interacting within the alloy structure. We aimed to investigate the cytotoxicity of individual metal ions in concentrations similar to those reported to be released from Pd-based dental alloys on mouse fibroblast cells. Metal salts were used to prepare seven solutions (concentration range 100 ppm-1 ppb) of the transition metals, such as Ni(II), Pd(II), Cu(II), and Ag(I), and the metals, such as Ga(III), In(III), and Sn(II). Cytotoxicity on mouse fibroblasts L929 was evaluated using the MTT assay. Ni, Cu, and Ag are cytotoxic at 10 ppm, Pd and Ga at 100 ppm. Sn and In were not able to induce cytotoxicity at the tested concentrations. Transition metals were able to induce cytotoxic effects in concentrations similar to those reported to be released from Pd-based dental alloys. Ni, Cu, and Ag were the most cytotoxic followed by Pd and Ga; Sn and In were not cytotoxic. Cytotoxic reactions might be considered in the etiopathogenesis of clinically observed local adverse reactions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dental Materials Science, ACTA, University of Amsterdam and VU University, Gustav Mahlerlaan 3004, 1081 LA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. A.Milheiro@acta.nl.
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Milheiro
authors.affiliation: Department of Material Biofunctions, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-0062, Japan.
authors.forename: Kosuke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nozaki
authors.affiliation: Department of Dental Materials Science, ACTA, University of Amsterdam and VU University, Gustav Mahlerlaan 3004, 1081 LA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Cornelis J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Kleverlaan
authors.affiliation: Department of Dental Materials Science, ACTA, University of Amsterdam and VU University, Gustav Mahlerlaan 3004, 1081 LA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Joris
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Muris
authors.affiliation: Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Miura
authors.affiliation: Department of Dental Materials Science, ACTA, University of Amsterdam and VU University, Gustav Mahlerlaan 3004, 1081 LA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Albert J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Feilzer
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003722:Dental Alloys / Q000633:toxicity*; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000187:drug effects; D007477:Ions; D008422:Materials Testing; D008670:Metals / Q000633:toxicity*; D051379:Mice; D010165:Palladium / Q000737:chemistry*; D018675:Toxicity Tests
chemical_list: D003722:Dental Alloys; D007477:Ions; D008670:Metals; D010165:Palladium
keywords: Cytotoxicity; Dental alloys; MTT; Metal salts; Nickel; Palladium; Sodium tetrachloropalladate