title: Independent predictor factors of supine tachycardia in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Supine tachycardia, frequently encountered in diabetic patients, is usually considered as an isolated diabetic complication in cardiac autonomic neuropathy. The objective of this study was to determine independent predictor factors of supine tachycardia among the clinical characteristics of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
  
  
  METHODS
  This prospective study included type 2 diabetic patients. Supine tachycardia was considered as 10 minutes resting heart rate equal or higher than 80 beats/minutes. According to presence or not of supine tachycardia, two groups were identified: tachycardia diabetic patients and none tachycardia diabetic patients. Cardiovascular autonomic tests: deep breathing, hand-grip, and mental stress tests and blood tests were performed in all patients. Statistical analysis was done using the Student's t-test, and univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We included 91 patients. The vagal response measured by the deep breathing test was 24.5 ± 5.7% in tachycardia diabetic patients vs 35.6 ± 6.8% in none tachycardia diabetic patients (P=0.007). The odds of supine tachycardia increased with serum creatinine (OR=1.350, 95% CI: 1.065-1.712, P=0.013) and serum uric acid levels (OR=1.034, 95% CI: 1.005-1.064, P=0.02) respectively, in diabetic patients. The prevalence of moderate renal failure was 45.5% in tachycardia diabetic patients vs. 21.6% in none tachycardia diabetic patients (P=0.034).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A high frequency of supine tachycardia in type 2 diabetic patients was significantly related with an impairment of the parasympathetic nervous system but other independent predictor factors were associated to the occurrence of this supine tachycardia, such as higher levels of serum creatinine and uric acid and moderate renal failure.
authors.affiliation: Physiology of exercice team, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Mohammed V, Rabat 6203, Morocco; Research team on the Autonomic Nervous System, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Mohammed V, Rabat 6203, Morocco. Electronic address: elbakkali@hotmail.fr.
authors.forename: Mustapha
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: El Bakkali
authors.affiliation: Physiology of exercice team, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Mohammed V, Rabat 6203, Morocco.
authors.forename: Taoufiq
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Dakka
authors.affiliation: Physiology of exercice team, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Mohammed V, Rabat 6203, Morocco.
authors.forename: Hanan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Rkain
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Therapeutic Trials, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Mohammed V, Rabat 6203, Morocco.
authors.forename: Leslie
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Coghlan
authors.affiliation: Research team on the Autonomic Nervous System, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Mohammed V, Rabat 6203, Morocco.
authors.forename: Amal
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lachhab
authors.affiliation: Physiology of exercice team, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Mohammed V, Rabat 6203, Morocco.
authors.forename: Youssof
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Radjab
authors.affiliation: Physiology of exercice team, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Mohammed V, Rabat 6203, Morocco.
authors.forename: Leila
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Errguig
authors.affiliation: Physiology of exercice team, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Mohammed V, Rabat 6203, Morocco; Research team on the Autonomic Nervous System, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Mohammed V, Rabat 6203, Morocco; Research Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Therapeutic Trials, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Mohammed V, Rabat 6203, Morocco.
authors.forename: Souad
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Aboudrar
authors.affiliation: Research team on the Autonomic Nervous System, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Mohammed V, Rabat 6203, Morocco; Unit of Cardiology A, Ibn Sina Hospital, Rabat 10000, Morocco; Research Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Therapeutic Trials, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Mohammed V, Rabat 6203, Morocco.
authors.forename: Halima
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Benjelloun
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D018737:Hand Strength / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007361:Intelligence Tests; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D012119:Respiration; D012307:Risk Factors; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000503:physiopathology; D016683:Supine Position; D013610:Tachycardia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*