title: The Impact of Molecularly Targeted Treatment on Direct Medical Costs in Patients with Advanced Non-small Cell Lung Cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the impact of targeted treatment on direct medical costs of patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).
  
  
  METHODS
  Medical records of 108 stage IIIB/IV NSCLC patients treated in Seoul National University Hospital between 2003 and 2009, were reviewed to collect medical resources utilization data from the diagnosis of stage IIIB/IV NSCLC to the end of active anti-cancer treatment. The direct medical costs were calculated by multiplying the number of medical resources used by the unit price. All costs were expressed in US dollars for each patient.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean total direct medical costs were $34,732 (standard deviation, 21,168) in the study cohort. The mean total direct medical costs were higher in epidermal growth factor receptor ( EGFR ) mutation (EGFR MT)-positive patients than EGFR wild-type (EGFR WT) patients ($41,403 vs. $30,146, p=0.005). However, the mean monthly direct medical costs did not differ significantly between EGFR MT-positive patients and EGFR WT patients ($2,120 vs. $2,702, p=0.119) because of the longer duration of active anti-cancer treatment in EGFR MT-positive patients. This discrepancy was mainly attributable to EGFR MT-positive patients' lower non-chemotherapy costs ($948 vs. $1,522, p=0.007). The total and monthly direct medical costs of ALK fusion-positive patients who did not receive ALK inhibitors did not differ from WT/WT patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study suggests that the availability of targeted agents for EGFR MT-positive patients lowers the mean monthly medical costs by prolonging survival and diminishing the use of other medical resources, despite the considerable drug costs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: June-Koo
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea ; Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Dong-Wan
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea ; Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Bhumsuk
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Keam
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea ; Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Tae Min
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea ; Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Se-Hoon
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Outcomes Research/Evidence Based Medicine Team, Pfizer Pharmaceuticals Korea Ltd., Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Young-Joo
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea ; Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Dae Seog
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Heo
keywords: Anaplastic lymphoma kinase; Epidermal growth factor receptor; Health care costs; Non-small cell lung carcinoma; Protein kinase inhibitors