title: Intermittent hypoxia alters gut microbiota diversity in a mouse model of sleep apnoea.
abstract: We assessed whether intermittent hypoxia, which emulates one of the hallmarks of obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA), leads to altered faecal microbiome in a murine model. In vivo partial pressure of oxygen was measured in colonic faeces during intermittent hypoxia in four anesthetised mice. 10 mice were subjected to a pattern of chronic intermittent hypoxia (20 s at 5% O2 and 40 s at room air for 6 h·day(-1)) for 6 weeks and 10 mice served as normoxic controls. Faecal samples were obtained and microbiome composition was determined by 16S rRNA pyrosequencing and bioinformatic analysis by Quantitative Insights into Microbial Ecology. Intermittent hypoxia exposures translated into hypoxia/re-oxygenation patterns in the faeces proximal to the bowel epithelium (<200 μm). A significant effect of intermittent hypoxia on global microbial community structure was found. Intermittent hypoxia increased the α-diversity (Shannon index, p<0.05) and induced a change in the gut microbiota (ANOSIM analysis of β-diversity, p<0.05). Specifically, intermittent hypoxia-exposed mice showed a higher abundance of Firmicutes and a smaller abundance of Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria phyla than controls. Faecal microbiota composition and diversity are altered as a result of intermittent hypoxia realistically mimicking OSA, suggesting the possibility that physiological interplays between host and gut microbiota could be deregulated in OSA.
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Malaga, Spain. Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBER), Madrid, Spain. These authors contributed equally.
authors.forename: Isabel
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Moreno-Indias
authors.affiliation: Laboratori del Son, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias, CIBER, Madrid, Spain. These authors contributed equally.
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Torres
authors.affiliation: Laboratori del Son, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias, CIBER, Madrid, Spain. Institut Investigacions Biomediques August Pi Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Josep M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Montserrat
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Malaga, Spain. Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBER), Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Lidia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sanchez-Alcoholado
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Malaga, Spain. Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBER), Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Cardona
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Malaga, Spain. Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBER), Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Francisco J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Tinahones
authors.affiliation: Section of Pediatric Sleep Medicine, Dept of Pediatrics, Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gozal
authors.affiliation: Section of Pediatric Sleep Medicine, Dept of Pediatrics, Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
authors.forename: Valeryi A
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: Poroyko
authors.affiliation: Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias, CIBER, Madrid, Spain. Unitat de Biofísica i Bioenginyeria, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona-IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain. Institut Bioenginyeria de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Navajas
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Malaga, Spain. Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBER), Madrid, Spain. maribelqo@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Maria I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Queipo-Ortuño
authors.affiliation: Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias, CIBER, Madrid, Spain. Institut Investigacions Biomediques August Pi Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain. Unitat de Biofísica i Bioenginyeria, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona-IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Ramon
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Farré
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005243:Feces / Q000382:microbiology; D000069196:Gastrointestinal Microbiome / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D000860:Hypoxia / Q000382:microbiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D010507:Periodicity; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011897:Random Allocation; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D020181:Sleep Apnea, Obstructive / Q000382:microbiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric
chemical_list: D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S