title: Lactotransferrin Gene (LTF) Polymorphisms and Dental Implant Loss: A Case-Control Association Study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Dental implants have been widely used to replace missing teeth, accomplishing aesthetics and function. Due to its large use worldwide, the small percentage of implant loss becomes significant in number of cases. Lactotransferrin (LTF) is a pleiotropic protein, expressed in various body tissues and fluids, which modulates the host immune-inflammatory response and bone metabolism, and might be involved in dental implant osseointegration. Recently, a few studies have been investigating genetic aspects underlying dental implant failure.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This case-control study aimed to investigate the association of genetic markers (tag SNPs) in LTF gene and clinical parameters with dental implant loss.
  
  
  METHODS
  278 patients, both sexes, mean age 51 years old, divided into 184 without and 94 with implant loss, were genotyped for sixteen tag SNPs, representative of the whole LTF gene. Also, clinical oral and systemic parameters were analyzed. Univariate and Multivariate Logistic Regression model were used to analyze the results (p < .05).
  
  
  RESULTS
  No association was found between the tag SNPs and implant loss in the study population. Clinical association was found with medical treatment, hormonal reposition, edentulism, number of placed implants, plaque, calculus, and mobility.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Clinical variables, but not LTF gene polymorphisms, were associated with implant loss.
authors.affiliation: Core for Advanced Molecular Investigation (COMI), School of Health and Biosciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná (PUCPR), Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
authors.forename: Andrea Duarte
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Doetzer
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Genetics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Nina
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Schlipf
authors.affiliation: Department of Dentistry/Postgraduate Program in Science Applied to Health, UFS-Federal University of Sergipe, Lagarto, SE, Brazil.
authors.forename: Fabiano
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Alvim-Pereira
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine/Postgraduate Program in Science Applied to Health, UFS-Federal University of Sergipe, Lagarto, SE, Brazil.
authors.forename: Claudia Cristina
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Alvim-Pereira
authors.affiliation: Core for Advanced Molecular Investigation (COMI), School of Health and Biosciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná (PUCPR), Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
authors.forename: Renata
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Werneck
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Genetics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Olaf
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Riess
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Genetics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bauer
authors.affiliation: Core for Advanced Molecular Investigation (COMI), School of Health and Biosciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná (PUCPR), Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
authors.forename: Paula Cristina
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Trevilatto
mesh_terms: D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003758:Dental Implantation, Endosseous / Q000009:adverse effects; D015921:Dental Implants / Q000009:adverse effects*; D019232:Dental Restoration Failure / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D007781:Lactoferrin / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016348:Osseointegration / Q000235:genetics*; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D015921:Dental Implants; C490098:LTF protein, human; D007781:Lactoferrin
keywords: bone loss; clinical research; clinical study; gene; implant; implant survival