title: Efficacy of expressed breast milk in reducing pain during ROP screening--a randomized controlled trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the effectiveness of expressed breast milk (EBM) on neonatal pain during screening for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP).
  
  
  METHODS
  Neonates who were on oral feeds undergoing ROP screening were included. Babies were randomized into intervention group (EBM + Standard practice) and control group. The standard practice is proparacaine, nesting and swaddling. Pain was assessed by PIPP scale, during and at 1 and 5 min after the procedure by the principal investigator who was blinded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The groups were similar in baseline characteristics. The group receiving EBM had significantly lower PIPP scores during the procedure 12.7 ± 1.69 compared to the control group 15.5 ± 1.78 (p < 0.05). The beneficial effect persisted at 1 min and 5 min after the procedure 6.20 ± 1.9 vs. 12.4 ± 2.54 (p ≤ 0.05) at 1 min; 3.2 ± 1.5 and 6.85 ± 2.4 (p < 0.05) at 5 min.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Oral EBM significantly reduces pain during and after ROP screening.
authors.affiliation: Department of Child Health, St. Johns College of Nursing, Bangalore 560034, India.
authors.forename: Lalitha
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rosali
authors.affiliation: Department of Neonatology, St. John's Medical College Hospital, Bangalore, India saudamini_nesargi@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Saudamini
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nesargi
authors.affiliation: Department of Childhealth, St. Johns College of Nursing, Bangalore 560034, India.
authors.forename: Shiny
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mathew
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, St. John's Medical College Hospital, Bangalore 560034, India.
authors.forename: Usha
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Vasu
authors.affiliation: Department of Neonatology, St. John's Medical College Hospital, Bangalore, India.
authors.forename: Suman P N
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Rao
authors.affiliation: Department of Neonatology, St. John's Medical College Hospital, Bangalore, India.
authors.forename: Swarnarekha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bhat
mesh_terms: D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001942:Breast Feeding; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening; D008895:Milk, Human; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D010146:Pain / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000379:methods; D011430:Propoxycaine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D012178:Retinopathy of Prematurity / Q000175:diagnosis*; D015351:Vision Screening / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local; C005717:proxymetacaine; D011430:Propoxycaine
keywords: expressed breast milk; premature infant pain profile scale: PIPP; retinopathy of prematurity; screening