title: Spatial characterization of a multifunctional pipette for drug delivery in hippocampal brain slices.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Among the various fluidic control technologies, microfluidic devices are becoming powerful tools for pharmacological studies using brain slices, since these devices overcome traditional limitations of conventional submerged slice chambers, leading to better spatiotemporal control over delivery of drugs to specific regions in the slices. However, microfluidic devices are not yet fully optimized for such studies.
  
  
  METHODS
  We have recently developed a multifunctional pipette (MFP), a free standing hydrodynamically confined microfluidic device, which provides improved spatiotemporal control over drug delivery to biological tissues.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We demonstrate herein the ability of the MFP to selectively perfuse one dendritic layer in the CA1 region of hippocampus with CNQX, an AMPA receptor antagonist, while not affecting the other layers in this region. Our experiments also illustrate the essential role of hydrodynamic confinement in sharpening the spatial selectivity in brain slice experiments. Concentration-response measurements revealed that the ability of the MFP to control local drug concentration is comparable with that of whole slice perfusion, while in comparison the required amounts of active compounds can be reduced by several orders of magnitude.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The multifunctional pipette is applied with an angle, which, compared to other hydrodynamically confined microfluidic devices, provides more accessible space for other probing and imaging techniques.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Using the MFP it will be possible to study selected regions of brain slices, integrated with various imaging and probing techniques, without affecting the other parts of the slices.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemivägen 10, SE-41296 Göteborg, Sweden.
authors.forename: Aikeremu
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ahemaiti
authors.affiliation: Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at Göteborg University, Box 430, SE-40530 Göteborg, Sweden.
authors.forename: Holger
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wigström
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemivägen 10, SE-41296 Göteborg, Sweden.
authors.forename: Alar
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ainla
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemivägen 10, SE-41296 Göteborg, Sweden.
authors.forename: Gavin D M
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Jeffries
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemivägen 10, SE-41296 Göteborg, Sweden.
authors.forename: Owe
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Orwar
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemivägen 10, SE-41296 Göteborg, Sweden.
authors.forename: Aldo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jesorka
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17177 Stockholm, Sweden. Electronic address: Kent.Jardemark@ki.se.
authors.forename: Kent
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Jardemark
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology*; D046210:Microfluidic Analytical Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D009924:Organ Culture Techniques; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000008:administration & dosage; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations
keywords: Brain slices; Electrophysiological techniques; Glutamate; Hippocampus; Microfluidic technology; Multifunctional pipette; Perfusion