title: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy under epidural anesthesia: a feasibility study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) is normally performed under general anesthesia. But of late this operation has been tried under regional anesthesia successfully without any added complications like epidural anesthesia.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the study was to study the feasibility of performing LC under epidural anesthesia in normal patients so that the benefits could be extended to those high-risk patients having symptomatic gallstone disease and compromised cardio-pulmonary status where general anesthesia is contraindicated.
  
  
  METHODS
  In all, 20 patients with the American Society of Anesthesiologist's class I or II were enrolled in the study. The level of epidural block and satisfaction score, both for the patient and the surgeon, were noted in the study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The LC was performed successfully under epidural anesthesia in all but two patients who had severe shoulder pain in spite of giving adequate analgesia and were converted to general anesthesia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The LC can be performed safely under epidural anesthesia with understanding between patient and surgeon. However, careful assessment of complications in the patients should be done to make the procedure safer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, North Eastern Indira Gandhi Regional Institute of Health and Medical Sciences, Shillong, Meghalaya, India.
authors.forename: Ranendra
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hajong
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, North Eastern Indira Gandhi Regional Institute of Health and Medical Sciences, Shillong, Meghalaya, India.
authors.forename: Peter Daniel S
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Khariong
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, North Eastern Indira Gandhi Regional Institute of Health and Medical Sciences, Shillong, Meghalaya, India.
authors.forename: Arup J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Baruah
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, North Eastern Indira Gandhi Regional Institute of Health and Medical Sciences, Shillong, Meghalaya, India.
authors.forename: Madhur
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Anand
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, North Eastern Indira Gandhi Regional Institute of Health and Medical Sciences, Shillong, Meghalaya, India.
authors.forename: Donkupar
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Khongwar
keywords: Cholecystectomy; Epidural anesthesia; Laparoscopic; Shoulder pain