title: Mechanical stress downregulates MHC class I expression on human cancer cell membrane.
abstract: In our body, cells are continuously exposed to physical forces that can regulate different cell functions such as cell proliferation, differentiation and death. In this work, we employed two different strategies to mechanically stress cancer cells. The cancer and healthy cell populations were treated either with mechanical stress delivered by a micropump (fabricated by deep X-ray nanolithography) or by ultrasound wave stimuli. A specific down-regulation of Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) class I molecules expression on cancer cell membrane compared to different kinds of healthy cells (fibroblasts, macrophages, dendritic and lymphocyte cells) was observed, stimulating the cells with forces in the range of nano-newton, and pressures between 1 and 10 bar (1 bar = 100.000 Pascal), depending on the devices used. Moreover, Raman spectroscopy analysis, after mechanical treatment, in the range between 700-1800 cm(-1), indicated a relative concentration variation of MHC class I. PCA analysis was also performed to distinguish control and stressed cells within different cell lines. These mechanical induced phenotypic changes increase the tumor immunogenicity, as revealed by the related increased susceptibility to Natural Killer (NK) cells cytotoxic recognition.
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of "Magna Graecia", Catanzaro, Italy; Italian Institute of Technology (IIT), Genova, Italy.
authors.forename: Rosanna
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: La Rocca
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of "Magna Graecia", Catanzaro, Italy.
authors.forename: Rossana
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tallerico
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of "Magna Graecia", Catanzaro, Italy; Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Thi-Qar, Nasseriah, Iraq.
authors.forename: Almosawy
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Talib Hassan
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of "Magna Graecia", Catanzaro, Italy; King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Gobind
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Das
authors.forename: Tadepally
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lakshmikanth
authors.affiliation: Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Lakshmikanth
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tadepally
authors.affiliation: Nanotech Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Matteucci
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of "Magna Graecia", Catanzaro, Italy; King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Carlo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Liberale
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of "Magna Graecia", Catanzaro, Italy.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mesuraca
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of "Magna Graecia", Catanzaro, Italy.
authors.forename: Domenica
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Scumaci
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of "Magna Graecia", Catanzaro, Italy.
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gentile
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of "Magna Graecia", Catanzaro, Italy.
authors.forename: Gheorghe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cojoc
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of "Magna Graecia", Catanzaro, Italy.
authors.forename: Gerardo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Perozziello
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical and Medical Sciences, University of "Magna Graecia", Catanzaro, Italy.
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ammendolia
authors.affiliation: Endocrinology and Experimental Oncology Institute, CNR, Napoli, Italy.
authors.forename: Adriana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gallo
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Klas
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kärre
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of "Magna Graecia", Catanzaro, Italy.
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cuda
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of "Magna Graecia", Catanzaro, Italy.
authors.forename: Patrizio
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Candeloro
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of "Magna Graecia", Catanzaro, Italy; King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Enzo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Di Fabrizio
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of "Magna Graecia", Catanzaro, Italy; Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Ennio
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Carbone
mesh_terms: D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D015536:Down-Regulation; D057809:HEK293 Cells; D015395:Histocompatibility Antigens Class I / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007694:Killer Cells, Natural / Q000276:immunology*; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D010641:Phenotype; D013059:Spectrum Analysis, Raman; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D019139:Tumor Escape
chemical_list: D015395:Histocompatibility Antigens Class I