title: Leu72Met408 Polymorphism of the Ghrelin Gene Is Associated With Early Phase of Gastric Emptying in the Patients With Functional Dyspepsia in Japan.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  There are no available data about the relationship between ghrelin gene genotypes and early phase of gastric emptying in functional dyspepsia (FD) as defined by Rome III classification.
  
  
  METHODS
  We enrolled 74 patients presenting with typical symptoms of FD and 64 healthy volunteers. Gastric motility was evaluated using the 13C-acetate breath test. We used Rome III criteria to evaluate upper abdominal symptoms and self-rating questionnaires for depression (SRQ-D) scores to determine status of depression. The Arg51Gln (346G->A), preproghrelin (3056T->C), Leu72Met (408C->A), Gln90Leu (3412T->A) and G-protein 3 (825C->T) polymorphisms were analyzed in the DNA from blood samples of enrolled subjects. Genotyping was performed by polymerase chain reaction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a significant relationship between the Gln90Leu3412 genotype and SRQ-D score in FD patients (P = 0.009). Area under the curve at 15 minutes (AUC15) value was significantly associated with the Leu72Met408 genotype (P = 0.015) but not with entire gastric emptying.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Leu72Met (408C->A) single nucleotide polymorphism was significantly associated with early phase of gastric emptying in FD patients. Further studies will be necessary to clarify the association between ghrelin gene single nucleotide polymorphisms and early phase of gastric emptying in FD patients.
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Sendagi, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yamawaki
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Sendagi, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Seiji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Futagami
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Sendagi, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Mayumi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shimpuku
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Sendagi, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Tomotaka
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shindo
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Sendagi, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuuta
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Maruki
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Sendagi, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nagoya
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Sendagi, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Yasuhiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kodaka
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Sendagi, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Hitomi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Sendagi, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Katya
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Gudis
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Sendagi, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Tetsuro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kawagoe
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Sendagi, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Choitsu
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sakamoto
keywords: Depression; Gastric emptying; Ghrelin; Polymorphism, genetic