title: Oil palm phenolics (OPP) inhibit pancreatic cancer cell proliferation via suppression of NF-κB pathway.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Oil palm phenolics (OPP) or Palm Juice (PJ), a water soluble extract from the palm fruit (Elaies guineensis) has been documented to have anti-carcinogenic activities in various cancer types.
  
  
  METHODS
  To investigate OPP effects in pancreatic cancer (PaCa) cells, two PaCa cell lines (PANC-1 and BxPC-3) were treated with different OPP doses. The anti-proliferative, apoptotic and anti-invasive properties of OPP were evaluated using MTS, cytoplasmic histone-DNA fragmentation and matrigel invasive assays, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  OPP suppressed PaCa proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. Its anti-invasive effects were validated by decreased expressions of MMP-9 and VEGF. Cell-cycle analysis demonstrated that cells were arrested in the S phase. OPP-induced apoptosis was associated with decrease in survivin and Bcl-XL expressions and increased expression of cleaved caspase-3, caspase-9 and PARP.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Overall, our results demonstrate the anti-tumor effects of OPP on PaCa cells, providing initial evidence towards its potential therapeutic use.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, U.S.A.
authors.forename: Xiangming
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Ji
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, U.S.A.
authors.forename: Anee
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Usman
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, U.S.A.
authors.forename: Nurul H
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Razalli
authors.affiliation: Malaysian Palm Oil Board, Bandar Baru Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Ravigadevi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sambanthamurthi
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, U.S.A sgupta@wayne.edu.
authors.forename: Smiti V
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Gupta
mesh_terms: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis; D028023:Arecaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects*; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D004354:Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D020128:Inhibitory Concentration 50; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism*; D010636:Phenols / Q000494:pharmacology; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000494:pharmacology; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D016328:NF-kappa B; D010636:Phenols; D010938:Plant Oils
keywords: NF-κB; Pancreatic cancer; apoptosis; oil palm phenolics