title: Human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells inhibit melanoma growth in vitro and in vivo.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The effects of adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AT-MSCs) on the growth of human malignancies, including melanoma, are controversial and the underlying mechanisms are not yet-well understood. The aim of the present study was to investigate the in vitro and in vivo anti-tumor effects of human AT-MSCs on human melanoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  The inhibitory effect of AT-MSC-conditioned medium (AT-MSC-CM) on the growth of A375SM and A375P (human melanoma) cells was evaluated using a cell viability assay. Cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis in melanoma cells were investigated by flow cytometry and western blot analysis. To evaluate the in vivo anti-tumor effect of AT-MSCs, CM-DiI-labeled AT-MSCs were circumtumorally injected in tumor-bearing athymic mice and tumor size was measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  AT-MSC-CM inhibited melanoma growth by altering cell-cycle distribution and inducing apoptosis in vitro. AT-MSCs suppressed tumor growth in tumor-bearing athymic mice and fluorescence analysis showed that AT-MSCs migrated efficiently to tumor tissues.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  AT-MSCs inhibit the growth of melanoma suggesting promise as a novel therapeutic agent for melanoma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine and Research Insititute for Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jin-Ok
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: Ahn
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine and Research Insititute for Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Ye-Rin
authors.initials: YR
authors.lastname: Coh
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine and Research Insititute for Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hee-Woo
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Stem Cell Research Center, K-STEMCELL Co. Ltd., Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Il-Seob
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.affiliation: Stem Cell Research Center, K-STEMCELL Co. Ltd., Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Sung-Keun
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine and Research Insititute for Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea hyyoun@snu.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Hwa-Young
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Youn
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002470:Cell Survival; D018920:Coculture Techniques; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008545:Melanoma / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy; D045164:Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000502:physiology*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008819:Mice, Nude; D009368:Neoplasm Transplantation; D050507:Subcutaneous Fat, Abdominal / Q000166:cytology; D047368:Tumor Burden
keywords: Adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AT-MSCs); cytotherapy; growth inhibition; melanoma