title: Psychosocial characteristics of oromucosal diseases in psychiatric patients: observational study from Indian dental college.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Psychiatric diseases like anxiety, depression, schizophrenia and bipolar disorders can affect the mental and physical statuses of an individual.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The study was to investigate the different oromucosal diseases (OMD) in psychiatric patients and to evaluate the correlation between these OMD to severity of anxiety and depression.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional study was carried out during a six-month period. Patients reporting to psychiatry department with anxiety, depression, schizophrenia and bipolar disorder as diagnosed by an experienced psychiatrist, were subjected to complete oral examination by a skilled oral diagnostician to check for OMD like oral lichen planus (OLP), aphthous stomatitis (AS) and burning mouth syndrome (BMS). During the above mentioned time interval, 1320 patients with any of the above mentioned psychiatric diseases were included in this study. Of these, 278 had anxiety, 398 had depression, 295 had schizophrenia and 349 had bipolar disorder. Equal number of individuals reported to the Oral Medicine and Radiology department for routine oral screening with no mucosal diseases were included as control group.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In this study, statistically significant increase in the OMD of the psychiatric patients was recorded when compared with the control group. The OMD were significantly higher in patients with anxiety (20.86%) followed by patients with depression (9.04%), schizophrenia (7.7%), bipolar disorder (7.4%) and control group (5.17%), respectively. Most prevalent OMD in patients with anxiety was AS (12%) followed by OLP (5.7%), and BMS (2.87%) respectively. Patients with moderate to severe anxiety and depression showed significantly higher prevalence of these OMD compared to the ones with mild anxiety and depression. The AS and OLP were significantly more in the younger age group (18-49 year) and BMS was higher in 50-77 year age group in both the study and control groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A positive association was established between psychological alterations and OMD. Emotional alterations may act as a precipitating factor that could influence the initiation and development of different OMD. Hence, better harmonization is essential between dentist and psychiatrists for comprehensive management of psychosomatic disorders of the oral mucosa.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, School of Dental Sciences, Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences, Deemed University, Karad, Satara, Maharashtra, India.
authors.forename: K V
authors.initials: KV
authors.lastname: Suresh
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, School of Dental Sciences, Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences, Deemed University, Karad, Satara, Maharashtra, India.
authors.forename: Channamallappa C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Ganiger
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, School of Dental Sciences, Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences, Deemed University, Karad, Satara, Maharashtra, India.
authors.forename: Yusuf A R
authors.initials: YA
authors.lastname: Ahammed
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dental Sciences, Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences, Deemed University, Karad, Satara, Maharashtra, India.
authors.forename: Mounesh C D
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, School of Dental Sciences, Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences, Deemed University, Karad, Satara, Maharashtra, India.
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Pramod
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, School of Dental Sciences, Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences, Deemed University, Karad, Satara, Maharashtra, India.
authors.forename: Ajay G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Nayak
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, School of Dental Sciences, Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences, Deemed University, Karad, Satara, Maharashtra, India.
authors.forename: Nupura
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Vibhute
keywords: Anxiety; Aphthous stomatitis; Burning mouth syndrome; Depression; Lichen planus; Psychosomatic diseases