title: Red wines and flavonoids diminish Staphylococcus aureus virulence with anti-biofilm and anti-hemolytic activities.
abstract: The emergence of antibiotic resistant Staphylococcus aureus presents a worldwide problem that requires non-antibiotic strategies. This study investigated the anti-biofilm and anti-hemolytic activities of four red wines and two white wines against three S. aureus strains. All red wines at 0.5-2% significantly inhibited S. aureus biofilm formation and hemolysis by S. aureus, whereas the two white wines had no effect. Furthermore, at these concentrations, red wines did not affect bacterial growth. Analyses of hemolysis and active component identification in red wines revealed that the anti-biofilm compounds and anti-hemolytic compounds largely responsible were tannic acid, trans-resveratrol, and several flavonoids. In addition, red wines attenuated S. aureus virulence in vivo in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, which is killed by S. aureus. These findings show that red wines and their compounds warrant further attention in antivirulence strategies against persistent S. aureus infection.
authors.affiliation: a School of Chemical Engineering , Yeungnam University , Gyeongsan , Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hyun Seob
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: Jin-Hyung
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Moo Hwan
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: Jintae
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D018441:Biofilms / Q000187:drug effects*; D017173:Caenorhabditis elegans / Q000382:microbiology; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000187:drug effects; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006461:Hemolysis / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D011794:Quercetin / Q000494:pharmacology; D000077185:Resveratrol; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D013267:Stilbenes / Q000494:pharmacology; D013634:Tannins / Q000494:pharmacology; D014774:Virulence / Q000187:drug effects; D014920:Wine
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D005419:Flavonoids; D013267:Stilbenes; D013634:Tannins; D011794:Quercetin; D000077185:Resveratrol
keywords: Staphylococcus aureus; biofilm; flavonoids; hemolysis; red wines; tannic acid