title: Assessment of effectiveness of smoking cessation intervention among male prisoners in India: A randomized controlled trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Tobacco smoking is an integral part of prison life and an established part of the culture. Little attention has been paid to prevention of smoking in prison. Approximately 70-80% of prisoners have been identified as current smokers.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess the effectiveness of smoking cessation intervention among male prisoners at Central Jail, Bangalore city.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess the effectiveness of smoking cessation intervention among male prisoners at Central Jail, Bangalore city.
  
  
  METHODS
  A randomized controlled trial was planned among male prisoners in Central Jail, Bangalore city. There were 1600 convicted prisoners. A self-administered questionnaire was given to the prisoners to assess their smoking behavior by which prevalence of tobacco smoking was found. Exactly 1352 tobacco users were studied. Among them, there were 1252 smokers. Based on inclusion criteria and informed consent given by the prisoners, a sample of 600 was chosen for the study by systematic random sampling. Among the 600 prisoners, 300 were randomly selected for the study group and 300 for the control group.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Prevalence of tobacco smoking among the prisoners was 92.60%. In the present study, after smoking cessation intervention, 17% showed no change in smoking, 21.66% reduced smoking, 16% stopped smoking, and 45.33% relapsed (P < 0.0001) at the end of 6-month follow-up in the study group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Tobacco use was high among the prisoners. Tobacco reduction is possible in the prison even if the living conditions are not favorable. Relatively high rate of relapse in our study indicates that some policies should be adopted to improve smokers' information on consequences of tobacco on health and motivational intervention should be added to prisoners.
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health Dentistry, Sri Jagadguru Murugarajendra Dental College and Hospital, Chitradurga, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Sachin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Naik
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health Dentistry, Kurunji Venkatramana Gowda Dental College and Hospital, Mangalore, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Sanjeev
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Khanagar
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health Dentistry, Sarjug Dental College and Hospital, Darbhanga, Bihar, India.
authors.forename: Amit
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.affiliation: Department of Conservative Dentistry, Sri Jagadguru Murugarajendra Dental College and Hospital, Chitradurga, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Sujith
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ramachandra
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthodontics, Sri Jagadguru Murugarajendra Dental College and Hospital, Chitradurga, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Sunil V
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Vadavadagi
authors.affiliation: Department of Conservative Dentistry, Sri Jagadguru Murugarajendra Dental College and Hospital, Chitradurga, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Kiran Murthy
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Dhananjaya
keywords: Male prisoners smoking; motivational interviewing; smoking cessation