title: Cytotoxic effects on tumour cell lines of fatty acids from the marine sponge Scopalina ruetzleri.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Marine sponges are among the most promising sources of chemically diversified fatty acids (FAs). In addition, several studies have shown the effect of polyunsaturated FAs on cancer therapy. This research carried out a biological and chemical evaluation of the sponge Scopalina ruetzleri collected on the South Brazilian coastline.
  
  
  METHODS
  Bioassay-guided fractionation of S. ruetzleri was performed in human glioma (U87) and neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y) cell lines, and the in-vitro effects on free radicals were evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The ethyl acetate fraction of S. ruetzleri showed promising cytotoxic effects in cancer cell lines, with IC50  < 20 μg/ml. Fingerprint (1) H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) analysis showed that this fraction is mainly constituted of FAs. Through FA methyl ester analysis, it was possible to identify 32 FAs. In addition, some minor unusual FAs for the marine biosphere were identified. The results of conjugated dienes method showed that FAs fraction, at concentrations above 50 μg/ml, has a pro-oxidant effect, indicating that lipid peroxidation may be partially responsible for the mechanism of cytotoxicity on cancer cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This work also contributes to studies that focus on the application of FAs on cancer therapy as a new adjuvant to radio or chemotherapy, or as a chemotherapeutic agent.
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Renata
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Biegelmeyer
authors.forename: Rafael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Schröder
authors.forename: Douglas F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Rambo
authors.forename: Roger R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Dresch
authors.forename: E Paige
authors.initials: EP
authors.lastname: Stout
authors.forename: João L F
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Carraro
authors.forename: Beatriz
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Mothes
authors.forename: José C F
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Moreira
authors.forename: Tadeusz F
authors.initials: TF
authors.lastname: Molinski
authors.forename: Mário L C
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: da Frota Junior
authors.forename: Amélia T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Henriques
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects*; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D006801:Humans; D011161:Porifera / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D005227:Fatty Acids
keywords: PUFAs; Scopalina ruetzleri; cancer; lipid peroxidation; marine sponge