title: Diffusely increased bone marrow FDG uptake in recently untreated lymphoma: incidence and relevance.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the incidence of diffusely increased bone marrow (18) F-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG) uptake at positron emission tomography (PET) in recently untreated lymphoma and to assess the frequency of lymphoma-positive bone marrow biopsies (BMBs) in these patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  FDG-PET scans of all patients presenting with newly diagnosed or relapsed lymphoma were reviewed. Patients with non-focal diffusely increased bone marrow FDG uptake, who had not received therapy within 3 months, were identified. The incidences of diffusely increased bone marrow FDG uptake and the frequencies of positive posterior iliac crest BMBs among those cases were calculated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The incidences of diffusely increased bone marrow FDG uptake in all lymphomas, and in Hodgkin lymphoma, aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), indolent NHL, and mantle cell NHL separately, were 4.2% (23/542), 9.3% (7/75), 3.4% (8/239), 3.3% (7/214), and 7.1% (1/14), respectively, and frequencies of positive BMBs among these subgroups were 55.0% (11/20), 0.0% (0/7), 83.3% (5/6), 83.3% (5/6), and 100% (1/1), respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The incidence of diffusely increased bone marrow FDG uptake in recently untreated lymphoma is low, albeit higher in Hodgkin lymphoma than in NHL. BMB in such patients is likely to be negative in Hodgkin lymphoma, but positive in the majority of NHL cases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Hugo J A
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Adams
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Thomas C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Kwee
authors.affiliation: Department of Hematology, Meander Medical Center, Amersfoort, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Rob
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Fijnheer
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Meander Medical Center, Amersfoort, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Stefan V
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Dubois
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Rutger A J
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Nievelstein
authors.affiliation: Department of Nuclear Medicine, Meander Medical Center, Amersfoort, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: John M H
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: de Klerk
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001692:Biological Transport; D001706:Biopsy; D001853:Bone Marrow / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 / Q000378:metabolism*; D006689:Hodgkin Disease / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D008228:Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals / Q000378:metabolism*; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18
keywords: FDG-PET; biopsy; bone marrow; diffuse; lymphoma