title: Lemnalol attenuates mast cell activation and osteoclast activity in a gouty arthritis model.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In this study, we investigated the effects of a soft coral-derived anti-inflammatory compound, lemnalol, on mast cell (MC) function and osteoclast activity in rats with monosodium urate (MSU) crystal-induced gouty arthritis.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this study, we examined the therapeutic effects of lemnalol on intra-articular injection of MSU induces gouty arthritis with the measurement of ankle oedema. Toluidine blue staining were used to analyse the infiltration and the percentage degranulation MCs. Immunohistochemical analysis showed CD117, transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1), matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9), the osteoclast markers cathepsin K and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) protein expression in ankle tissue.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found that both infiltration and degranulation of MCs increased at 24 h after MSU injection in the ankle joint. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that MSU induced upregulation of TGF-β1, MMP-9, the osteoclast markers cathepsin K and TRAP in ankle tissues. Administration of lemnalol ameliorated MSU-induced TGF-β1, MMP-9, cathepsin K and TRAP protein expression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Taken together, our results show that MSU-induced gouty arthritis is accompanied by osteoclast-related protein upregulation and that lemnalol treatment may be beneficial for the attenuation of MC infiltration and degranulation and for suppressing osteoclast activation in gouty arthritis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, Asia-Pacific Ocean Research Center, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Ping-Tung Christian Hospital, Ping-Tung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Hsin-Pai
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Yen-You
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Chang-Yih
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Duh
authors.forename: Shi-Ying
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Hui-Min
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Shu-Fen
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Sung-Chun
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Yen-Hsuan
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Jean
authors.forename: Zhi-Hong
authors.initials: ZH
authors.lastname: Wen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000842:Ankle / Q000473:pathology; D000843:Ankle Joint / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D037421:Anthozoa / Q000737:chemistry*; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015210:Arthritis, Gouty / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy*; D001688:Biological Products / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004487:Edema / Q000188:drug therapy; D008297:Male; D008407:Mast Cells / Q000378:metabolism*; D010010:Osteoclasts / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012717:Sesquiterpenes / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014527:Uric Acid
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D001688:Biological Products; D012717:Sesquiterpenes; D014527:Uric Acid; C038776:lemnalol
keywords: cathepsin K; lemnalol; mast cells; matrix metalloproteinase 9; tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase; transforming growth factor beta 1