title: National surveys of avoidable blindness and visual impairment in Argentina, El Salvador, Honduras, Panama, Peru, and Uruguay.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Describe the rationale and methodology of the Rapid Assessment of Avoidable Blindness applied in surveys at the national level in 2011-2013 in Argentina, El Salvador, Honduras, Panama, Peru, and Uruguay.
  
  
  METHODS
  The survey includes individuals aged 50 years and older, minimizing required sample sizes, which vary from 2 000 to 5 000 people. It uses straightforward sampling and examination techniques, and data analysis is automatic and does not require a statistician. It is relatively inexpensive, as it does not take a long time, does not require expensive ophthalmic equipment, and can be carried out by local staff. Reports are generated by the assessment software package.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Indicators measured are prevalence of blindness and of moderate and severe visual impairment (broken down into avoidable causes and cataracts); prevalence of aphakia or pseudophakia; cataract surgical coverage; visual outcome of cataract surgeries; causes of poor outcomes; access barriers to cataract surgery; and cataract surgery service indicators. Results of each survey will be published sequentially in successive issues of the Journal, and a final summary article will analyze results as a whole and in comparison with the other surveys in this group and with those previously published, which will provide a current picture of the situation in this group of countries.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Rapid Assessment of Avoidable Blindness is a robust, simple, and inexpensive methodology to determine prevalence of blindness and visual impairment as well as eye health service coverage and quality. It is a very valuable tool for measuring progress by blindness prevention programs and their impact on the population.
authors.affiliation: Organización Panamericana de la Salud, Bogotá, Colombia, silvajuan@paho.org.
authors.forename: Juan Carlos
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Silva
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001035:Aphakia / Q000453:epidemiology; D001766:Blindness / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D002387:Cataract Extraction / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D002489:Central America / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006297:Health Services Accessibility; D006301:Health Services Needs and Demand; D006306:Health Surveys / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D019654:Lens Implantation, Intraocular / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D011314:Preventive Health Services / Q000600:supply & distribution; D019591:Pseudophakia / Q000453:epidemiology; D018401:Sample Size; D012984:Software; D013020:South America / Q000453:epidemiology; D014786:Vision Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control