title: The inflammatory cytokine IL-1β is involved in bladder remodeling after bladder outlet obstruction in mice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We investigated the relationship between IL-1β and morphological and functional changes following partial bladder outlet obstruction (pBOO).
  
  
  METHODS
  Female wild-type C57/BL6 mice (WT) and IL-1β-/- mice (KO) were used. Animals were sacrificed either 1 or 3 weeks after pBOO or sham surgery, and their bladders were harvested to determine bladder weight, for RT-PCR to measure interleukin-1β (IL-1β), insulin growth factor-1 (IGF-1), and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) levels, and for histological analysis with Hematoxylin-Eosin (HE) staining. Cystometry was performed on conscious animals 3 weeks after surgery to evaluate urodynamic parameters. IGF-1 was also administered intraperitoneally to KO with pBOO, and bladder weight was then investigated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  IL-1β-mRNA levels were significantly higher in WT-pBOO than in WT-sham. IGF-1-mRNA and TGF-β-mRNA levels were also significantly higher in WT-pBOO than in WT-sham; however, these increases were smaller in KO-pBOO than in WT-pBOO. Bladder weight was significantly higher in WT-pBOO than in WT-sham, while increases in bladder weight were significantly suppressed in KO-pBOO. HE staining revealed the thickened bladder wall in WT-pBOO, and this phenomenon was less in KO-pBOO than in WT-pBOO. Regarding the urodynamic parameters examined, micturition pressure and bladder capacity were significantly higher in WT-pBOO than in WT-sham, but remained unchanged in KO-pBOO. The administration of IGF-1 to KO-pBOO led to similar increases in bladder weight and the thickened bladder wall as those observed in WT-pBOO.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  IL-1β has the potential to induce bladder remodeling and deteriorate urodynamic parameters in pBOO.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.
authors.forename: Yukiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kanno
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.
authors.forename: Takahiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mitsui
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.
authors.forename: Takeya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kitta
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.
authors.forename: Kimihiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Moriya
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.
authors.forename: Tadasuke
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tsukiyama
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.
authors.forename: Shigetsugu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hatakeyama
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.
authors.forename: Katsuya
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nonomura
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006984:Hypertrophy; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism*; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D010641:Phenotype; D011312:Pressure; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013997:Time Factors; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D001748:Urinary Bladder Neck Obstruction / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D014554:Urination; D014563:Urodynamics
chemical_list: C587672:IL1B protein, mouse; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; C519530:insulin-like growth factor-1, mouse; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I
keywords: IGF-1; IL-1β; bladder outlet obstruction; hypertrophy; inflammation; remodeling