title: Monocyte and lymphocyte activation in bipolar disorder: a new piece in the puzzle of immune dysfunction in mood disorders.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study tested the hypothesis that the low-grade inflammation presented in patients with bipolar disorder (BD) is associated with expansion of activated T cells, and this activated state may be due to a lack of peripheral regulatory cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  Specifically, we investigated the distribution of monocytes and lymphocyte subsets, and investigated Th1/Th2/Th17 cytokines in plasma by flow cytometry. Twenty-one BD type I patients and 21 age- and sex-matched controls were recruited for this study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  BD patients had increased proportions of monocytes (CD14+). Regarding lymphocyte populations, BD patients presented reduced proportions of T cells (CD3+) and cytotoxic T cells (CD3+CD8+). BD patients also exhibited a higher percentage of activated T CD4+CD25+ cells, and a lower percentage of IL-10 expressing Treg cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data shed some light into the underlying mechanisms involved with the chronic low-grade inflammatory profile described in BD patients.
authors.affiliation: Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Investigação Médica (LIIM), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil (Drs Barbosa, Rocha, Assis, Vieira, and Teixeira); D epartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, UT Health School of Medicine, Houston, Texas (Dr Soares); Laboratório de Imunologia do Envelhecimento, Instituto de Pesquisas Biomédicas, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUC-RS), Porto Alegre, Brazil (Dr Bauer). izabelagb@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Izabela Guimarães
authors.initials: IG
authors.lastname: Barbosa
authors.affiliation: Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Investigação Médica (LIIM), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil (Drs Barbosa, Rocha, Assis, Vieira, and Teixeira); D epartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, UT Health School of Medicine, Houston, Texas (Dr Soares); Laboratório de Imunologia do Envelhecimento, Instituto de Pesquisas Biomédicas, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUC-RS), Porto Alegre, Brazil (Dr Bauer).
authors.forename: Natália Pessoa
authors.initials: NP
authors.lastname: Rocha
authors.affiliation: Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Investigação Médica (LIIM), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil (Drs Barbosa, Rocha, Assis, Vieira, and Teixeira); D epartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, UT Health School of Medicine, Houston, Texas (Dr Soares); Laboratório de Imunologia do Envelhecimento, Instituto de Pesquisas Biomédicas, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUC-RS), Porto Alegre, Brazil (Dr Bauer).
authors.forename: Frankcinéia
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Assis
authors.affiliation: Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Investigação Médica (LIIM), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil (Drs Barbosa, Rocha, Assis, Vieira, and Teixeira); D epartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, UT Health School of Medicine, Houston, Texas (Dr Soares); Laboratório de Imunologia do Envelhecimento, Instituto de Pesquisas Biomédicas, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUC-RS), Porto Alegre, Brazil (Dr Bauer).
authors.forename: Érica Leandro Marciano
authors.initials: ÉL
authors.lastname: Vieira
authors.affiliation: Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Investigação Médica (LIIM), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil (Drs Barbosa, Rocha, Assis, Vieira, and Teixeira); D epartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, UT Health School of Medicine, Houston, Texas (Dr Soares); Laboratório de Imunologia do Envelhecimento, Instituto de Pesquisas Biomédicas, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUC-RS), Porto Alegre, Brazil (Dr Bauer).
authors.forename: Jair C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Soares
authors.affiliation: Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Investigação Médica (LIIM), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil (Drs Barbosa, Rocha, Assis, Vieira, and Teixeira); D epartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, UT Health School of Medicine, Houston, Texas (Dr Soares); Laboratório de Imunologia do Envelhecimento, Instituto de Pesquisas Biomédicas, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUC-RS), Porto Alegre, Brazil (Dr Bauer).
authors.forename: Moises Evandro
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Bauer
authors.affiliation: Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Investigação Médica (LIIM), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil (Drs Barbosa, Rocha, Assis, Vieira, and Teixeira); D epartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, UT Health School of Medicine, Houston, Texas (Dr Soares); Laboratório de Imunologia do Envelhecimento, Instituto de Pesquisas Biomédicas, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUC-RS), Porto Alegre, Brazil (Dr Bauer).
authors.forename: Antônio Lúcio
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Teixeira
mesh_terms: D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000097:blood* / Q000276:immunology*; D001774:Blood Chemical Analysis; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006801:Humans; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000378:metabolism; D016015:Logistic Models; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000276:immunology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009000:Monocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D050378:T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; C508609:IL10 protein, human; D016753:Interleukin-10
keywords: bipolar disorder; cytokines; lymphocytes; mania; monocytes