title: Characterization of a novel reassortant influenza A virus (H2N2) from a domestic duck in Eastern China.
abstract: While H2N2 viruses have been sporadically isolated from wild and domestic birds, H2N2 viruses have not been detected among human populations since 1968. Should H2N2 viruses adapt to domestic poultry they may pose a risk of infection to people, as most anyone born after 1968 would likely be susceptible to their infection. We report the isolation of a novel influenza A virus (H2N2) cultured in 2013 from a healthy domestic duck at a live poultry market in Wuxi City, China. Sequence data revealed that the novel H2N2 virus was similar to Eurasian avian lineage avian influenza viruses, the virus had been circulating for ≥ two years among poultry, had an increase in α2,6 binding affinity, and was not highly pathogenic. Approximately 9% of 100 healthy chickens sampled from the same area had elevated antibodies against the H2 antigen. Fortunately, there was sparse serological evidence that the virus was infecting poultry workers or had adapted to infect other mammals. These findings suggest that a novel H2N2 virus has been circulating among domestic poultry in Wuxi City, China and has some has increased human receptor affinity. It seems wise to conduct better surveillance for novel influenza viruses at Chinese live bird markets.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, 100071, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Mai-Juan
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: 1] State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, 100071, P. R. China [2] School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410000 P. R. China.
authors.forename: Xiao-Xian
authors.initials: XX
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuxi, 214023, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Yan-Hua
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Qian
authors.affiliation: Military Veterinary Research Institute, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, 130122, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Si-Yan
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: 1] Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceutical, National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, P. R. China [2] University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
authors.forename: Sha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hua
authors.affiliation: Military Veterinary Research Institute, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, 130122, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Tie-Cheng
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuxi, 214023, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Shan-Hui
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuxi, 214023, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Guang-Yuan
authors.initials: GY
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150001, China.
authors.forename: Xiao-Yu
authors.initials: XY
authors.lastname: Sang
authors.affiliation: Military Veterinary Research Institute, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, 130122, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Lin-Na
authors.initials: LN
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceutical, National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Ai-Ping
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceutical, National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Tai-Jiao
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Military Veterinary Research Institute, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, 130122, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Yu-Wei
authors.initials: YW
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: Duke Infectious Disease &Duke Health Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.
authors.forename: Gregory C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Gray
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, 100071, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Teng
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuxi, 214023, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Xia
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Ling
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, 100071, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Jing-Lin
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuxi, 214023, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Bing
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Military Veterinary Research Institute, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, 130122, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Qian
authors.affiliation: 1] State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, 100071, P. R. China [2] School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410000 P. R. China.
authors.forename: Wu-Chun
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Cao
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D002681:China; D004372:Ducks / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology*; D006801:Humans; D053121:Influenza A Virus, H2N2 Subtype / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification; D005585:Influenza in Birds / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology; D011201:Poultry Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral