title: Effects of phytoplankton extracts containing the toxin microcystin-LR on the survival and reproduction of cladocerans.
abstract: The use of ecotoxicological techniques for the evaluation of the quality of limnetic waters allows the early detection of toxic agents that pose risks to human health. In this study Moina micrura (two clones), Daphnia laevis (two clones) and Daphnia similis, a temperate species, were used to evaluate the toxicity of six Microcystis extracts from two Colombian reservoirs. Toxin was detected and quantified by HPLC. Microcystin-LR was found in all extracts with the highest concentrations in one sample from each reservoir (434 μg g(-1) and 538 μg g(-1)). The extracts that had the highest toxin concentration also had the highest toxicities to cladocerans. Measurement of 48-h LC50 showed consistent differences between cladoceran species but not clones, Also, reproduction data in two species were consistent with the MC-LR content of one sample tested, with decreased reproduction and disruption of egg production. However, only some growth results of neonates exposed to extracts were consistent with the acute response. In conclusion, Daphnia species are a good model for monitoring cyanotoxins as they respond in a sensitive way to natural phytoplankton samples containing microcystin-LR.
authors.affiliation: Grupo de Química Orgánica de Productos Naturales (QOPN), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Antioquia, Calle 70 No 52-21, Medellín, Colombia. Electronic address: nahelo241980@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Natalia A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Herrera
authors.affiliation: Grupo de Química Orgánica de Productos Naturales (QOPN), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Antioquia, Calle 70 No 52-21, Medellín, Colombia. Electronic address: feche@une.net.co.
authors.forename: Luis Fernando
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Echeverri
authors.affiliation: Instituto Oswaldo Cruz - Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Aloysio S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Ferrão-Filho
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D033361:Cladocera / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000382:microbiology; D000458:Cyanobacteria / Q000737:chemistry; D003621:Daphnia / Q000187:drug effects; D007928:Lethal Dose 50; D008387:Marine Toxins / Q000633:toxicity; D052998:Microcystins / Q000633:toxicity*; D010839:Phytoplankton / Q000737:chemistry*; D012098:Reproduction / Q000187:drug effects; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry; D023382:Toxicity Tests, Acute; D036401:Toxicity Tests, Chronic
chemical_list: D008387:Marine Toxins; D052998:Microcystins; C057862:cyanoginosin LR
keywords: Acute effect; Chronic effect; Cladocerans; Cyanobacterial extracts; Microcystins