title: Outcomes of bronchial artery embolization for life-threatening hemoptysis secondary to tuberculosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To appraise the immediate and long-term outcomes of bronchial arterial embolization for life-threatening hemoptysis secondary to tuberculosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  112 patients with life-threatening hemoptysis due to tuberculosis underwent bronchial artery embolization from January 2004 to February 2014. Life-threatening hemoptysis was defined as expectoration of at least 400 ml of blood in 24 hour. The median follow-up is 20 months, ranging from 2 to 52 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The hemoptysis control rate was 86.6% at 14 days, 84.8% at 30 days, 78.6% at 240 days, 75.9% at 360 days, respectively. None of these characteristics, including gender, age and tuberculosis status, was significantly associated with immediate control of bleeding. Patients with active tuberculosis had a significantly longer recurrence-free duration than did patients with inactive tuberculosis (P = 0.040), which was further confirmed by Cox regression hazards model (P = 0.046). There was no spinal cord complication or mortality related to bronchial artery embolization. The most common complication was transient chest pain.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Bronchial arterial embolization is an effective and safe technique in the management of life-threatening hemoptysis secondary to tuberculosis. Active tuberculosis may be associated with a lower rate of recurrence of hemoptysis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Interventional Therapy, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Renguang
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pei
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Yunfeng
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Department of Interventional Therapy, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Guoxiang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Interventional Therapy, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Heping
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Interventional Therapy, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Xinyu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Department of Interventional Therapy, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Xiaoxing
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.affiliation: Department of Interventional Therapy, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Xiaohua
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D001981:Bronchial Arteries / Q000473:pathology; D004621:Embolization, Therapeutic / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006469:Hemoptysis / Q000150:complications* / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008168:Lung / Q000098:blood supply; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014376:Tuberculosis / Q000150:complications*