title: Excessive internet use in European adolescents: what determines differences in severity?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study investigated the differences between non-excessive, moderately excessive, and highly excessive internet use among adolescents. These differences were explored in terms of personal characteristics, psychological difficulties, environmental factors, and manner of internet use.
  
  
  METHODS
  A representative sample was investigated, consisting of 18,709 adolescents aged 11-16 and their parents, from 25 European countries. Excessive internet use was measured using a five item scale covering following factors: salience, conflict, tolerance, withdrawal symptoms, and relapse and reinstatement. The main data analysis utilised multinomial and binary logistic regression models.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The vast majority of respondents reported no signs of excessive internet use. Moderately excessive users (4.4%) reported higher emotional and behavioural difficulties, but also more sophisticated digital skills and a broader range of online activities. The highly excessive users (1.4%) differed from the non-excessive and moderately excessive users in their preference for online games and in having more difficulties with self-control.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Adolescents who struggle with attention and self-control and who are inclined toward online gaming may be especially vulnerable to the otherwise uncommon phenomenon of excessive internet use.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Social Studies, Institute for Research on Children, Youth and Family, Masaryk University, Joštova 10, 602 00, Brno, Czech Republic, blinka@fss.muni.cz.
authors.forename: Lukas
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Blinka
authors.forename: Kateřina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Škařupová
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ševčíková
authors.forename: Klaus
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wölfling
authors.forename: Kai W
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Müller
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dreier
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior / Q000523:psychology*; D001288:Attention / Q000502:physiology; D016739:Behavior, Addictive; D002648:Child; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005060:Europe; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D020407:Internet / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008603:Mental Health; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D016017:Odds Ratio; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012649:Self Concept; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013997:Time Factors; D018910:Video Games / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*