title: Protracted recovery from a concussion: a focus on gender and treatment interventions in an adolescent population.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Several studies have demonstrated that age and sex may influence concussion recovery time frames, with female athletes and adolescents being potentially more susceptible to a protracted recovery course. Currently, limited work has examined the influence sex may have on concussion management strategies and treatment interventions, especially for younger individuals suffering persistent concussion symptoms and cognitive dysfunctions.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Female athletes are prescribed more treatment interventions than male athletes during a protracted recovery from a concussion.
  
  
  METHODS
  Descriptive epidemiology study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Level 4.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were retrospectively collected for adolescent athletes presenting to a sports medicine concussion clinic between September 2010 and September 2011.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 266 adolescent athletes were evaluated and treated for concussion. Female athletes had a longer recovery course (P = 0.002) and required more treatment interventions (P < 0.001) for their symptoms and dysfunction. Female athletes were more likely to require academic accommodations (P < 0.001), vestibular therapy (P < 0.001), or medication (P < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Medical providers should be aware that during the recovery course, adolescent female athletes may require a management plan that will most likely include additional treatment interventions beyond the standard cognitive and physical rest.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Treatment interventions are more commonly prescribed for adolescent female athletes than for adolescent male athletes during a protracted recovery from a concussion. This highlights the need for identifying evidence-based clinical management guidelines that focus on sex, especially when dealing with persistent concussion symptoms and cognitive dysfunctions.
authors.affiliation: Elite Sports Medicine, Connecticut Children's Medical Center, Farmington, Connecticut.
authors.forename: Regina O
authors.initials: RO
authors.lastname: Kostyun
authors.affiliation: Elite Sports Medicine, Connecticut Children's Medical Center, Farmington, Connecticut.
authors.forename: Imran
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Hafeez
keywords: adolescent; concussion; sex; treatment intervention