title: Exposure of female macaques to Western-style diet with or without chronic T in vivo alters secondary follicle function during encapsulated 3-dimensional culture.
abstract: Increased adiposity and hyperandrogenemia alter reproductive parameters in both animal models and women, but their effects on preantral follicles in the ovary remain unknown. We recently reported that Western-style diet (WSD) consumption over 1 year, with or without chronic exposure to elevated circulating T, increased the body fat percentage, elicited insulin resistance, suppressed estradiol and progesterone production, as well as altered the numbers, size, and dynamics of antral follicles in the ovary during the menstrual cycle in female macaques. Therefore, experiments were designed to compare the WSD and WSD+T effects to age-matched controls on the survival, growth, and function of isolated secondary follicles during 5 weeks of encapsulated 3-dimensional culture. Follicle survival significantly declined in the WSD and WSD+T groups compared with the control (CTRL) group. Although media progesterone levels were comparable among groups, androstenedione and estradiol levels were markedly reduced in the WSD and WSD+T groups compared with the CTRL group at week 5. Anti-Müllerian hormone levels peaked at week 3 and were lower in the WSD+T group compared with the WSD or CTRL group. Vascular endothelial growth factor levels also decreased at week 5 in the WSD+T group compared with the WSD or CTRL group. After human chorionic gonadotropin exposure, only antral follicles developed from the CTRL group yielded metaphase II oocytes. Thus, WSD with or without T exposure affects the cohort of secondary follicles in vivo, suppressing their subsequent survival, production of steroid hormones and local factors, as well as oocyte maturation in vitro.
authors.affiliation: Division of Reproductive & Developmental Sciences (J.X., W.K.M., C.V.B., M.B.Z., R.L.S.), Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon 97006; Department of Behavioral Neuroscience (W.K.M.), Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (B.S.P.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239; Department of Psychiatry (J.L.C.), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260; and Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology (M.B.Z., R.L.S.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Whitney K
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: McGee
authors.forename: Cecily V
authors.initials: CV
authors.lastname: Bishop
authors.forename: Byung S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Judy L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Cameron
authors.forename: Mary B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Zelinski
authors.forename: Richard L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Stouffer
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D054304:Anti-Mullerian Hormone / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D066273:Diet, Western; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D005307:Fertilization in Vitro; D059471:In Vitro Oocyte Maturation Techniques; D008253:Macaca mulatta; D009865:Oocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology; D006080:Ovarian Follicle / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D013739:Testosterone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D013739:Testosterone; D054304:Anti-Mullerian Hormone