title: Cardiovascular risk in Egyptian healthy consumers of different types of combined oral contraceptives pills: A comparative study.
abstract: This study aimed to evaluate the associated cardiovascular risk in Egyptian healthy consumers of different types of combined oral contraceptives pills (COCPs) via determination of lipids profiles, Castelli index I, leptin, adiponectin, and resistin concentrations as cardiovascular risk factors. In this cross-sectional study, the study groups consisted of control group that represented by 30 healthy married women who were not on any contraceptive mean or any hormonal therapy and had normal menstrual cycles, group two consisted of 30 women who were users of Levonorgesterl 0.15 mg plus Ethinylestradiol 0.03 mg as 21 days cycle, group three consisted of 30 women who were users of Gestodene 0.075 mg plus Ethinylestradiol 0.03 mg as 21 days cycle, and group four consisted of 30 women who were users of Drospirenone 3 mg plus Ethinylestradiol 0.03 mg as 21 days cycle. One-way analysis of variance followed by LSD post hoc test was used for comparison of variables. P value <0.05 was considered to be significant. The comparison of the studied groups revealed that COCPs containing levonorgestrel plus ethinylestradiol resulted in significantly lower adiponectin level, and significantly higher leptin and resistin levels with more atherogenic lipid profile presented by significantly higher LDL-C, significantly lower HDL-C concentrations, and significantly higher atherogenic index. Formulation containing ethinylestradiol combined with gestodene neither altered adipose tissue function nor showed deleterious effect on lipid panel. Formulation containing ethinylestradiol combined with drospirenone resulted in significantly higher HDL-C and adiponectin concentrations. In conclusion, the uptake of COCPs containing levonorgestrel plus ethinylestradiol is associated with high cardiovascular risk since this formulation showed significantly lower adiponectin concentration, significantly higher leptin, resistin, and atherogenic index as compared to other studied groups. By contrast, the formulations containing ethinylestradiol combined with third generation progestin gestodene or fourth generation progestin drospirenone are associated with low cardiovascular risk since they neither altered adipose tissue function nor impaired lipoprotein metabolism as experienced by their favorable effect on leptin, adiponectin, and resistin, with non-changed atherogenic index, higher HDL-C levels and lower LDL-C levels as compared to levonorgestrel plus ethinylestradiol formulation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt, sahar2612@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Sahar M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: El-Haggar
authors.forename: Tarek M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Mostafa
mesh_terms: D052242:Adiponectin / Q000097:blood; D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000187:drug effects; D000328:Adult; D000736:Androstenes; D000886:Anthropometry; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D003277:Contraceptives, Oral, Combined / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004338:Drug Combinations; D004534:Egypt / Q000453:epidemiology; D004997:Ethinyl Estradiol; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D020738:Leptin / Q000097:blood; D016912:Levonorgestrel; D009652:Norpregnenes; D052243:Resistin / Q000097:blood; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: C499918:ADIPOQ protein, human; D052242:Adiponectin; D000736:Androstenes; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D003277:Contraceptives, Oral, Combined; D004338:Drug Combinations; D020738:Leptin; D009652:Norpregnenes; C499624:RETN protein, human; D052243:Resistin; C072593:ethinyl estradiol, levonorgestrel drug combination; C033273:Gestodene; D004997:Ethinyl Estradiol; D016912:Levonorgestrel; C035144:drospirenone