title: RESPeRATE: the role of paced breathing in hypertension treatment.
abstract: Despite a good adherence to lifestyle modifications and antihypertensive drugs, hypertension remains resistant in more than one-third of patients, thus creating the need for additional strategies, including non-pharmacologic approaches. Slow and deep breathing ("paced breathing") associated in the past with meditation has a direct antihypertensive effect by increasing baroreflex sensitivity. With the method of guiding the pace of breathing, a US Food and Drug Administration-certified device, RESPeRATE, may offer an easy, efficient, inexpensive, and noninvasive option for treating hypertension. Multiple studies showed a significant reduction of blood pressure when RESPeRATE was evaluated in a home and office setting. In conclusion, this review outlines the pathophysiologic background of paced respiration, describes RESPeRATE clinical trials, and presents briefly other guided breathing alternatives.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Israel; The Brunner Institute for Cardiovascular Research, Tel Aviv University and Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Israel.
authors.forename: Relu
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cernes
authors.affiliation: The Brunner Institute for Cardiovascular Research, Tel Aviv University and Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Israel; Department of Medicine, Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Israel. Electronic address: zimlich@post.tau.ac.il.
authors.forename: Reuven
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zimlichman
mesh_terms: D017704:Baroreflex / Q000502:physiology; D001676:Biofeedback, Psychology / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D001945:Breathing Exercises / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D004867:Equipment Design; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D019122:Meditation; D026441:Mind-Body Therapies / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D009147:Music Therapy; D012064:Relaxation Therapy / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D012119:Respiration; D014732:Vibration
keywords: Baroreflex sensitivity; blood pressure; hypertension treatment; paced breathing