title: The toxicity of binary mixture of Cu (II) ion and phenols on Tetrahymena thermophila.
abstract: The toxicity of binary mixture of Cu(2+) and phenols (phenol; o-nitrophenol; m-nitrophenol; p-nitrophenol) was evaluated using Tetrahymena thermophila as the model organism, by microcalorimetry, optical density, field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) and attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR). The growth curves and metabolic properties of Tetrahymena exposed to Cu(2+) and phenols were monitored by microcalorimetry. Binary mixture toxicity changed with the concentration of Cu(2+)/phenols and the order of toxicity was Cu(2+)/phenol<Cu(2+)/m-nitrophenol<Cu(2+)/o-nitrophenol<Cu(2+)/p-nitrophenol. The results of FESEM and ATR-FTIR also indicated that Cu(2+)/phenols had a great effect on cell cortex and flagellum. A synergistic effect was noted between Cu(2+) and phenols on Tetrahymena.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China. Electronic address: chemlixi@whut.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Xi
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Tingting
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Peng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China. Electronic address: polymers@whut.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Chaocan
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Science and Technology, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Hao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Science and Technology, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Enjie
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sun
mesh_terms: D003300:Copper / Q000633:toxicity*; D010636:Phenols / Q000633:toxicity*; D016808:Tetrahymena thermophila / Q000187:drug effects; D014873:Water Pollutants / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D010636:Phenols; D014873:Water Pollutants; D003300:Copper
keywords: Binary toxicity; Cu(II) ion; Microcalorimetry; Phenols; Tetrahymena