title: Sex differences in a shoaling-boldness behavioral syndrome, but no link with aggression.
abstract: A behavioral syndrome is observed in a population when specific behaviors overlap at the individual level in different contexts. Here, we explore boldness and aggression personality spectra, the repeatability of shoaling, and possible associated correlations between the behaviors in a population of lab-reared zebrafish (Danio rerio). Our findings describe a sex-specific boldness-shoaling behavioral syndrome, as a link between boldness and shoaling behaviors is detected. The results indicate that bold males are likely to have a stronger shoaling propensity than shy males for unfamiliar conspecifics. Conversely, bold females are more likely to shoal than shy females, but only when presented with heterospecific individuals. Additionally, aggression does not correlate with boldness or shoaling propensity for either sex. A positive relationship between boldness and shoaling that differs by sex is contrary to most of the present literature, but could help to explain population dynamics and may also have evolutionary implications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Saint Joseph's University, Philadelphia, PA 19131 USA.
authors.forename: Gregory P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Way
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Saint Joseph's University, Philadelphia, PA 19131 USA.
authors.forename: Alexis L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Kiesel
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA.
authors.forename: Nathan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ruhl
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, LIU Post, Brookville, NY 11548, USA.
authors.forename: Jennifer L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Snekser
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Saint Joseph's University, Philadelphia, PA 19131 USA. Electronic address: smcrober@sju.edu.
authors.forename: Scott P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: McRobert
mesh_terms: D000374:Aggression / Q000502:physiology* / Q000523:psychology*; D000465:Algorithms; D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D010551:Personality / Q000502:physiology*; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D015027:Zebrafish
keywords: Aggression; Behavioral syndromes; Boldness; Personality; Shoaling; Zebrafish