title: Early recognition of apical ballooning syndrome by global longitudinal strain using speckle tracking imaging--the evil eye pattern, a case series.
abstract: We report 4 cases of patients diagnosed with stress-induced cardiomyopathy and the pattern of typical apical ballooning syndrome (ABS), who presented to our institution with chest pain, mildly elevated cardiac enzymes and ischemic electrocardiographic changes, found to have severe hypokinesis or akinesis of the mid to apical segments with dynamic basal segments on two-dimensional (2D) echocardiography along with a global longitudinal strain (GLS) pattern markedly different from the typical left anterior descending artery (LAD) myocardial infarction pattern. All of them had a similar GLS pattern on presentation, which was easy to recognize on the polar map the day of the event. Three of the patients underwent left heart catheterization and found to have nonobstructive coronary artery disease (CAD). We discuss the usefulness of early recognition of ABS using GLS images.
authors.affiliation: Cardiology Department, University of Texas, Houston, Texas.
authors.forename: Sualy
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sosa
authors.affiliation: Cardiology Department, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
authors.forename: Jose
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Banchs
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D006328:Cardiac Catheterization; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D003331:Coronary Vessels / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D042241:Early Diagnosis; D017809:Fatal Outcome; D005260:Female; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D054549:Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D014463:Ultrasonography
keywords: strain; takotsubo cardiomyopathy