title: Systematic analysis of the clinical and biochemical characteristics of maternally inherited hypertension in Chinese Han families associated with mitochondrial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Mitochondrial DNA mutations may be associated with cardiovascular disease, including the common cardiac vascular disease, hypertension.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this study we performed segregation analysis and systematically evaluated the entire mitochondrial genome in nine maternally inherited hypertension probands from Chinese Han families. We also performed clinical, genetic and molecular characterization of 74 maternally inherited members from these families and 216 healthy controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the maternally inherited members, 12 had coronary heart disease (CHD), six had cerebrovascular disease, five had diabetes, nine had hyperlipidemia and three had renal disease. Laboratory tests showed that the sodium and potassium levels in blood of the maternally inherited members were higher than those of the control group (P < 0.01), while no differences were observed in fasting blood glucose (FBG), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride, low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) and creatinine levels (P > 0.05). The high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) level of the maternally inherited members was lower than that of the control group (P = 0.04). The whole mitochondrial DNA sequence analysis revealed a total of 172 base changes, including 17 in ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes, four in transfer RNA (tRNA) genes, and 22 amino acid substitutions. The remainder were synonymous changes or were located in non-coding regions. We identified seven amino acid changes in the nine maternally inherited hypertension families, including four mutations in ATPase6 and three in Cytb. More interestingly, tRNA(Ser(UCN)) 7492 T > C was absent in controls and was present in <1% of 2704 mtDNAs, indicating potential functional significance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study showed that mutations in mtDNA may contribute to the pathogenesis of hypertension in these Chinese Han families. In the near future, identification of additional mtDNA mutations may indicate further candidate genes for hypertension.
authors.affiliation: Cardiology Department, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China. ametuofo980869@163.com.
authors.forename: Yuqi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Cardiology Department, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China. zhuqinlei@163.com.
authors.forename: Qinglei
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Cardiology Department, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China. zhuchao@163.com.
authors.forename: Chao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Cardiology Department, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China. wangxq@163.com.
authors.forename: Xueping
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Cardiology Department, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China. yangjie@163.com.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Cardiology Department, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China. yintong@163.com.
authors.forename: Tong
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.affiliation: Cardiology Department, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China. gaojinl@163.com.
authors.forename: Jinliao
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: Cardiology Department, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China. lizongb@163.com.
authors.forename: Zongbin
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Yishui Center Hospital of Shandong Province, Yishui, Shandong, China. maqingh@163.com.
authors.forename: Qinghua
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Attardi Institute of Mitochondrial Biomedicine and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China. guanmx@163.com.|Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA. guanmx@163.com.|Department of Genetics, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China. guanmx@163.com.
authors.forename: Minxin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Guan
authors.affiliation: Cardiology Department, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China. liyangbsh@163.com.|Cardiology Department of General Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Institute of Geriatric Cardiology, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Hai dian District, Beijing, 100853, PR of China. liyangbsh@163.com.
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Cardiology Department, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China. ametuofo4290@gmail.com.|Cardiology Department of General Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Institute of Geriatric Cardiology, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Hai dian District, Beijing, 100853, PR of China. ametuofo4290@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Yundai
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002681:China; D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D040582:Inheritance Patterns / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000235:genetics*; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics*; D010375:Pedigree; D012343:RNA, Transfer / Q000235:genetics; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial; D012343:RNA, Transfer