title: Upregulation of bile acid receptor TGR5 and nNOS in gastric myenteric plexus is responsible for delayed gastric emptying after chronic high-fat feeding in rats.
abstract: Chronic high-fat feeding is associated with functional dyspepsia and delayed gastric emptying. We hypothesize that high-fat feeding upregulates gastric neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) expression, resulting in delayed gastric emptying. We propose this is mediated by increased bile acid action on bile acid receptor 1 (TGR5) located on nNOS gastric neurons. To test this hypothesis, rats were fed regular chow or a high-fat diet for 2 wk. Rats fed the high-fat diet were subjected to concurrent feeding with oral cholestyramine or terminal ileum resection. TGR5 and nNOS expression in gastric tissue was measured by immunohistochemistry, PCR, and Western blot. Gastric motility was assessed by organ bath and solid-phase gastric emptying studies. The 2-wk high-fat diet caused a significant increase in neurons coexpressing nNOS and TGR5 in the gastric myenteric plexus and an increase in nNOS and TGR5 gene expression, 67 and 111%, respectively. Enhanced nonadrenergic, noncholinergic (NANC) relaxation, deoxycholic acid (DCA)-induced inhibition in fundic tissue, and a 26% delay in gastric emptying accompanied these changes. A 24-h incubation of whole-mount gastric fundus with DCA resulted in increased nNOS and TGR5 protein expression, 41 and 37%, respectively. Oral cholestyramine and terminal ileum resection restored the enhanced gastric relaxation, as well as the elevated nNOS and TGR5 expression evoked by high-fat feeding. Cholestyramine also prevented the delay in gastric emptying. We conclude that increased levels of circulatory bile acids induced by high-fat feeding upregulate nNOS and TGR5 expression in the gastric myenteric plexus, resulting in enhanced NANC relaxation and delayed gastric emptying.
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan; and Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan; and.
authors.forename: Shiyi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan; and.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan; and.
authors.forename: Guanpo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan; and.
authors.forename: Yuanxu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan; and cowyang@med.umich.edu.
authors.forename: Chung
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Owyang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D059329:Cholinergic Neurons / Q000378:metabolism; D059305:Diet, High-Fat; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000378:metabolism*; D005746:Gastric Emptying / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D009197:Myenteric Plexus / Q000378:metabolism*; D052248:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled / Q000378:metabolism*; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D004041:Dietary Fats; C518268:Gpbar1 protein, rat; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled; D052248:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I
keywords: bile acid receptor 1 (TGR5); enteric nervous system; gastric emptying; high-fat diet; nNOS