title: Calcium mobilization in salicylic acid-induced Salvia miltiorrhiza cell cultures and its effect on the accumulation of rosmarinic acid.
abstract: Ca(2+) serves as a second messenger in plant responses to different signals, and salicylic acid (SA) has been recognized as a signal mediating plant responses to many stresses. We recently found that SA treatment led to the cytoplasmic acidification of Salvia miltiorrhiza cells and alkalinization of extracellular medium. Here, we demonstrate that SA can rapidly induce Ca(2+) mobilization in protoplasts, but the induction can be blocked with a channel blocker of either plasma or organellar membranes. Following SA, A 23187, or 10 mmol/L Ca(2+) treatment, rosmarinic acid (RA) accumulation reached the highest level at 16 h, whereas the peak was found at 10 h if plasma membrane channel blockers were used. By contrast, the highest accumulation of RA occurred at 16 h when organellar channels were blocked, exhibiting the same tendency with SA-induced cells. In agreement with these observations, both phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) activity and its gene expression detected by real-time PCR also showed the same patterns. These results indicate that SA treatment firstly results in calcium release from internal stores, which in turn leads to PAL activity increase, RA accumulation, and a large amount of Ca(2+) influx from apoplast after 10 h of SA induction.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Hongbo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Nan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Michael K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Deyholos
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Xiaoru
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Juane
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dong
mesh_terms: D001692:Biological Transport; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D002934:Cinnamates / Q000378:metabolism*; D053630:Depsides / Q000378:metabolism*; D020156:Salicylic Acid / Q000378:metabolism*; D027561:Salvia miltiorrhiza / Q000378:metabolism*; D000097123:Rosmarinic Acid
chemical_list: D002118:Calcium; D002934:Cinnamates; D053630:Depsides; D020156:Salicylic Acid; D000097123:Rosmarinic Acid