title: Secondary nocturnal enuresis related to central diabetes insipidus as an early manifestation of intracranial germinomatous germ cell tumors in a series of male youngsters.
abstract: Nocturnal enuresis is a common symptom in children. It is usually attributed to benign causes and diagnostic evaluation is not carried out. We report three male young patients initially presenting with short stature and nocturnal enuresis, related to diabetes insipidus, caused by intracranial germinomatous germ cell tumors. In all three cases, water deprivation tests confirmed diabetes insipidus. Extensive endocrinological investigation also showed further hormone deficiencies. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain revealed the presence of a central nervous system lesion and histology confirmed the final diagnosis. Surgery, radiation with or without chemotherapy was conducted and the patients were treated with hormone replacement therapies. The patients after a long follow-up were free of disease. We present these cases to alert clinicians to bear in mind that the presence of an intracranial germinomatous germ cell tumor should at least be considered in a child presenting with bed wetting, especially if additional symptoms and signs, including late onset puberty and growth delay or morning hypernatremia, may coexist.
authors.affiliation: 4th Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Papageorgiou General Hospital, Ring Road Nea Efkarpia, 564 03 Thessaloniki, Greece.
authors.forename: Apostolos
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Papaefthimiou
authors.affiliation: 4th Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Papageorgiou General Hospital, Ring Road Nea Efkarpia, 564 03 Thessaloniki, Greece.
authors.forename: Ioannis
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kyrgios
authors.affiliation: 4th Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Papageorgiou General Hospital, Ring Road Nea Efkarpia, 564 03 Thessaloniki, Greece.
authors.forename: Eleni P
authors.initials: EP
authors.lastname: Kotanidou
authors.affiliation: 4th Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Papageorgiou General Hospital, Ring Road Nea Efkarpia, 564 03 Thessaloniki, Greece.
authors.forename: Ioanna
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Maggana
authors.affiliation: 4th Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Papageorgiou General Hospital, Ring Road Nea Efkarpia, 564 03 Thessaloniki, Greece.
authors.forename: Konstantina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mouzaki
authors.affiliation: 4th Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Papageorgiou General Hospital, Ring Road Nea Efkarpia, 564 03 Thessaloniki, Greece. Electronic address: gallitsin@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Assimina
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Galli-Tsinopoulou
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001827:Body Height; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy; D002648:Child; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D020790:Diabetes Insipidus, Neurogenic / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis; D020249:Hormone Replacement Therapy; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D009373:Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy; D053206:Nocturnal Enuresis / Q000209:etiology*; D011628:Puberty, Delayed
keywords: Central diabetes insipidus; Children and adolescents; Diabète insipide central; Enfants et adolescents; Intracranial germinomatous germ cell tumor; Secondary nocturnal enuresis; Tumeur germinale intracrânienne; Énurésie nocturne secondaire