title: Clinical significance of HAX-1 expression in laryngeal carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  HS1-associated protein X-1 (HAX-1) is a multifunctional protein that has been highlighted as an important marker in many types of cancers. However, little is known about the role of HAX-1 in laryngeal carcinoma. The purpose of the present study is to explore HAX-1 expression status and its associations with clinicopathologic features and survival in a well-defined cohort of laryngeal carcinoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  We examined the expression of HAX-1 at protein and mRNA levels in laryngeal carcinoma tissues and adjacent non-tumor tissues by immunohistochemistry, Western blotting and two-step quantitative real-time PCR analysis, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We observed that HAX-1 was significantly elevated in laryngeal carcinoma. The relationship between the levels of HAX-1 expression and clinicopathologic characteristics was then analyzed. Overexpression of HAX-1 was significantly correlated with T classification, lymph node metastasis, clinical stage, and pathology. Survival curves were plotted using the Kaplan-Meier method and compared using the log-rank test. We find that patients with overexpression of HAX-1 had shorter overall survival rates. Finally, the significance of various survival variables was analyzed using multivariate Cox proportional hazards model. We found that overexpression of HAX-1 was an independent prognostic factor for patients with laryngeal carcinoma.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings hinted that overexpression of HAX-1 was a potentially unfavorable factor in the progression and prognosis of laryngeal carcinoma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China.
authors.forename: Yiwen
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: You
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China.
authors.forename: Hao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China.
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: You
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China.
authors.forename: Xingyu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China.
authors.forename: Haosheng
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ni
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China.
authors.forename: Si
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China.
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shan
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China. Electronic address: caoxiaoleigzf@163.com.
authors.forename: Xiaolei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Cao
mesh_terms: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D015331:Cohort Studies; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D007822:Laryngeal Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D007825:Laryngectomy; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D037981:Neck Dissection; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011379:Prognosis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D000077195:Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck; D015996:Survival Rate
chemical_list: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; C104759:HAX1 protein, human; D012333:RNA, Messenger
keywords: HAX-1; Immunohistochemistry; Laryngeal carcinoma; Prognosis; Two-step quantitative real-time PCR; Western blot