title: Age-associated alterations in corpus callosum white matter integrity in bipolar disorder assessed using probabilistic tractography.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Atypical age-associated changes in white matter integrity may play a role in the neurobiology of bipolar disorder, but no studies have examined the major white matter tracts using nonlinear statistical modeling across a wide age range in this disorder. The goal of this study was to identify possible deviations in the typical pattern of age-associated changes in white matter integrity in patients with bipolar disorder across the age range of 9-62 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  Diffusion tensor imaging was performed in 57 (20 male and 37 female) patients with a diagnosis of bipolar disorder and 57 (20 male and 37 female) age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers. Mean diffusivity and fractional anisotropy were computed for the genu and splenium of the corpus callosum, two projection tracts, and five association tracts using probabilistic tractography.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, patients had lower fractional anisotropy and higher mean diffusivity compared to healthy volunteers across all tracts (while controlling for the effects of age and age(2) ). In addition, there were greater age-associated increases in mean diffusivity in patients compared to healthy volunteers within the genu and splenium of the corpus callosum beginning in the second and third decades of life.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings provide evidence for alterations in the typical pattern of white matter development in patients with bipolar disorder compared to healthy volunteers. Changes in white matter development within the corpus callosum may lead to altered inter-hemispheric communication that is considered integral to the neurobiology of the disorder.
authors.affiliation: SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA.|Kings County Hospital, Brooklyn, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Nitin
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Toteja
authors.affiliation: Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Perihan
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Guvenek-Cokol
authors.affiliation: Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA.
authors.forename: Toshikazu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ikuta
authors.affiliation: The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, North Shore-LIJ Health System, Manhasset, USA.|Departments of Psychiatry and Molecular Medicine, Hofstra North Shore-Long Island Jewish School of Medicine, Hempstead, USA.|Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, North Shore-Long Island Jewish Health System, Glen Oaks, USA.
authors.forename: Vivian
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Kafantaris
authors.affiliation: Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, North Shore-Long Island Jewish Health System, Glen Oaks, USA.
authors.forename: Bart D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Peters
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Katherine E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Burdick
authors.affiliation: The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, North Shore-LIJ Health System, Manhasset, USA.|Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, North Shore-Long Island Jewish Health System, Glen Oaks, USA.|Department of Mathematics, Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Majnu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: John
authors.affiliation: The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, North Shore-LIJ Health System, Manhasset, USA.|Departments of Psychiatry and Molecular Medicine, Hofstra North Shore-Long Island Jewish School of Medicine, Hempstead, USA.|Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, North Shore-Long Island Jewish Health System, Glen Oaks, USA.
authors.forename: Anil K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Malhotra
authors.affiliation: The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, North Shore-LIJ Health System, Manhasset, USA.|Departments of Psychiatry and Molecular Medicine, Hofstra North Shore-Long Island Jewish School of Medicine, Hempstead, USA.|Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, North Shore-Long Island Jewish Health System, Glen Oaks, USA.
authors.forename: Philip R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Szeszko
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology*; D002648:Child; D003337:Corpus Callosum / Q000473:pathology*; D038524:Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015233:Models, Statistical; D066127:White Matter / Q000473:pathology*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: corpus callosum; diffusion tensor imaging; neurodevelopment; tractography