title: Bioremediation using Gracilaria chouae co-cultured with Sparus macrocephalus to manage the nitrogen and phosphorous balance in an IMTA system in Xiangshan Bay, China.
abstract: A cage experiment using the red alga Gracilaria chouae co-cultured with the black seabream Sparus macrocephalus in Xiangshan Bay, China was conducted to measure the nutrient flux of the integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (IMTA) system. Results showed that trash fish were the main nutrient input contributor and adult fish were the main nutrient output contributor in the system. Contents of N and P in adult fish accounted for 54.45% and 59.48% of N and P in trash fish and fry, which suggests that 45.55% of N and 40.52% of P generated by fish farming were released into to the water. G. chouae proved to be an efficient bioremediation species in this IMTA system. To balance the excess nutrients generated by the system, 231.09 kg of seedlings should be cultured and 5315.07 kg of adult seaweed should be harvested.
authors.affiliation: College of Fisheries and Life Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Marine Scientific Research Institute, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Water Environment & Ecology Engineering Research Center of Shanghai Institution of Higher Education, Shanghai 201306, China.
authors.forename: Hailong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: College of Fisheries and Life Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Marine Scientific Research Institute, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Water Environment & Ecology Engineering Research Center of Shanghai Institution of Higher Education, Shanghai 201306, China.
authors.forename: Yuanzi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Huo
authors.affiliation: College of Fisheries and Life Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Marine Scientific Research Institute, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Water Environment & Ecology Engineering Research Center of Shanghai Institution of Higher Education, Shanghai 201306, China.
authors.forename: Fang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: College of Fisheries and Life Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Marine Scientific Research Institute, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Water Environment & Ecology Engineering Research Center of Shanghai Institution of Higher Education, Shanghai 201306, China.
authors.forename: Yuanyuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: College of Fisheries and Life Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Marine Scientific Research Institute, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Water Environment & Ecology Engineering Research Center of Shanghai Institution of Higher Education, Shanghai 201306, China. Electronic address: pmhe@shou.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Peimin
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: He
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017756:Aquaculture; D061006:Bays; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D044822:Biodiversity; D002681:China; D044724:Gracilaria / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D010473:Perciformes / Q000378:metabolism*; D010758:Phosphorus / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D010839:Phytoplankton
chemical_list: D010758:Phosphorus; D009584:Nitrogen
keywords: Balance; Cage culture; Eutrophication; Integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (IMTA); Seaweeds