title: Human health risk assessment, congener specific analysis and spatial distribution pattern of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) through rice crop from selected districts of Punjab Province, Pakistan.
abstract: To evaluate the screening level risk assessment of OCPs in rice (Oryza sativa L.) straw (n=20) and rice grains (n=20), samples were collected from different districts of Punjab Province, Pakistan. ∑OCPs' levels (ng g(-1)) in rice straw and grains ranged from 3.63 to 39.40, 2.72 to 49.89, respectively. DDTs were found predominant over the other detected OCP isomers followed by HCH and heptachlor. Results of one way ANOVA reflected no significant difference for OCPs' levels among sampling sites, except heptachlor for rice grains. ∑OCPs' concentration in rice straw samples was exceeding the minimal residual levels (MRLs) (Australian and Japanese). Results of dietary intake and risk assessment suggested that rice straw is not safe for animals to consume as fodder. Human health was suggested to have some carcinogenic risks by consumption of rice grains, however, no considerable hazardous risk (non-carcinogenic) to human health was found.
authors.affiliation: College of Earth and Environmental Science, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Mehvish
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mumtaz
authors.affiliation: College of Earth and Environmental Science, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Abdul
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Qadir
authors.affiliation: Environmental Biology Laboratory, Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan. Electronic address: adilqau5@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Adeel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mahmood
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Mirpur University of Science and Technology (MUST), Mirpur, AJ&K, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Andleeb
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mehmood
authors.affiliation: Environmental Biology and Ecotoxicology Laboratory, Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Riffat Naseem
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Malik
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Botany, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Zubaida
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yousaf
authors.affiliation: College of Earth and Environmental Science, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Nadia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Jamil
authors.affiliation: College of Earth and Environmental Science, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Irfan Ahmed
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Shaikh
authors.affiliation: Pakistan Museum of Natural History, Islamabad, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Habib
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ali
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China.
authors.forename: Gan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000383:Agriculture; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated / Q000032:analysis*; D012275:Oryza / Q000737:chemistry*; D010154:Pakistan; D010575:Pesticides / Q000032:analysis*; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000379:methods; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated; D010575:Pesticides; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical
keywords: EDI; Human health; OCPs; Pakistan; Punjab; Risk assessment