title: Microspectroscopic soft X-ray analysis of keratin based biofibers.
abstract: Scanning soft X-ray transmission microspectroscopy (STXM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) have been employed for a high-resolution morphological and chemical analysis of hair fibers from human, sheep and alpaca. STXM allows optimum contrast imaging of the main hair building blocks due to tuneable photon energy. Chemical similarities and deviations for the human hair building blocks as well as for the three investigated species are discussed on the basis of the local near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS). The spectra of melanosomes corroborate the state-of-the-art model for the chemical structure of eumelanin. Complementary TEM micrographs reveal the occurrence of cortex sectioning in alpaca hair to some extent. A spectroscopic analysis for human hair cortex indicates low mass loss upon soft X-ray irradiation, but transformation of chemical species with decreasing amount of peptide bonds and increasing NEXAFS signal for unsaturated carbon-carbon bonds.
authors.affiliation: Physikalische Chemie II and ICMM, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Egerlandstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Späth
authors.affiliation: Physikalische Chemie II and ICMM, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Egerlandstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
authors.forename: Markus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Meyer
authors.affiliation: Physikalische Chemie II and ICMM, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Egerlandstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
authors.forename: Sonja
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Semmler
authors.affiliation: Physikalische Chemie II and ICMM, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Egerlandstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany; CENEM, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Egerlandstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany. Electronic address: rainer.fink@fau.de.
authors.forename: Rainer H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Fink
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D002161:Camelids, New World / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D006197:Hair / Q000737:chemistry / Q000528:radiation effects / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D006200:Hair Color; D006801:Humans; D007633:Keratins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000528:radiation effects / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D020460:Melanosomes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000648:ultrastructure; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D012756:Sheep / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D013057:Spectrum Analysis; D056928:X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy; D014965:X-Rays
chemical_list: D007633:Keratins
keywords: Biofiber; Chemical imaging; Natural fibers; STXM; X-ray microscopy