title: Assessment of algorithms for mitosis detection in breast cancer histopathology images.
abstract: The proliferative activity of breast tumors, which is routinely estimated by counting of mitotic figures in hematoxylin and eosin stained histology sections, is considered to be one of the most important prognostic markers. However, mitosis counting is laborious, subjective and may suffer from low inter-observer agreement. With the wider acceptance of whole slide images in pathology labs, automatic image analysis has been proposed as a potential solution for these issues. In this paper, the results from the Assessment of Mitosis Detection Algorithms 2013 (AMIDA13) challenge are described. The challenge was based on a data set consisting of 12 training and 11 testing subjects, with more than one thousand annotated mitotic figures by multiple observers. Short descriptions and results from the evaluation of eleven methods are presented. The top performing method has an error rate that is comparable to the inter-observer agreement among pathologists.
authors.affiliation: Image Sciences Institute, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands. Electronic address: mitko@isi.uu.nl.
authors.forename: Mitko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Veta
authors.affiliation: Pathology Department, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Paul J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: van Diest
authors.affiliation: Pathology Department, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Stefan M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Willems
authors.affiliation: BME Department, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, USA.
authors.forename: Haibo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: BME Department, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, USA.
authors.forename: Anant
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Madabhushi
authors.affiliation: MindLab, National University of Colombia, Bogota, Colombia.
authors.forename: Angel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cruz-Roa
authors.affiliation: MindLab, National University of Colombia, Bogota, Colombia.
authors.forename: Fabio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gonzalez
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.
authors.forename: Anders B L
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Larsen
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.
authors.forename: Jacob S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Vestergaard
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.
authors.forename: Anders B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Dahl
authors.affiliation: IDSIA, USI-SUPSI, Lugano, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Dan C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Cireşan
authors.affiliation: IDSIA, USI-SUPSI, Lugano, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Jürgen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schmidhuber
authors.affiliation: IDSIA, USI-SUPSI, Lugano, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Giusti
authors.affiliation: IDSIA, USI-SUPSI, Lugano, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Luca M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Gambardella
authors.affiliation: Department of Computer Engineering, Işık University, İstanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: F Boray
authors.initials: FB
authors.lastname: Tek
authors.affiliation: MINES ParisTech, PSL-Research University, CBIO-Centre for Computational Biology, France; Institut Curie, Paris, France; INSERM U900, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Walter
authors.affiliation: Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Ching-Wei
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Corporate R&D Center, Panasonic Healthcare Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan; Current address: Konica Minolta, Inc., Japan.
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kondo
authors.affiliation: School of Computing, Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK.
authors.forename: Bogdan J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Matuszewski
authors.affiliation: I3S, UMR 7271 UNS-CNRS, Nice Sophia-Antipolis University, Sophia Antipolis, France.
authors.forename: Frederic
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Precioso
authors.affiliation: CVSSP, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK.
authors.forename: Violet
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Snell
authors.affiliation: CVSSP, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK.
authors.forename: Josef
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kittler
authors.affiliation: CVSSP, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK; Department of Computer Science and Sheffield Institute for Translational Medicine, University of Sheffield, UK.
authors.forename: Teofilo E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: de Campos
authors.affiliation: Department of Computer Science, University of Warwick, UK.
authors.forename: Adnan M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.affiliation: Department of Computer Science, University of Warwick, UK; Department of Computer Science & Engineering, College of Engineering Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.
authors.forename: Nasir M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Rajpoot
authors.affiliation: The Michael Letcher Department of Cellular Pathology, Princess Alexandra Hospital NHS Trust, Harlow, Essex, UK.
authors.forename: Evdokia
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Arkoumani
authors.affiliation: Pathology Department, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Miangela M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Lacle
authors.affiliation: Image Sciences Institute, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Max A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Viergever
authors.affiliation: Image Sciences Institute, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Josien P W
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Pluim
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008938:Mitosis; D015588:Observer Variation
keywords: Breast cancer; Cancer grading; Digital pathology; Mitosis detection; Whole slide imaging