title: Extended vertical lower trapezius island myocutaneous flap versus pectoralis major myocutaneous flap for reconstruction in recurrent oral and oropharyngeal cancer.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to compare the use of an extended vertical lower trapezius island myocutaneous flap (TIMF) and a pectoralis major myocutaneous flap (PMMF).
  
  
  
  A total of 39 patients with advanced recurrent oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) underwent salvage surgery followed by placement of either an extended lower vertical TIMF or PMMF for reconstruction. Twenty-one patients received extended lower vertical TIMFs, whereas 18 received PMMFs.
  
  
  
  The pedicle length of the TIMF was longer than that of the PMMF, and the skin paddle of the TIMF was both wider and longer than the PMMF. No major complication developed in any of the patients. The TIMF group experienced a lower rate of minor flap failure than did the PMMF group.
  
  
  
  Use of an extended vertical lower TIMF, which has a longer pedicle flap and a larger skin paddle than a PMMF, is optimal for reconstruction of major defects. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: E159-E164, 2016.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Wei-Liang
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: You-Yuan
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Da-Ming
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Song
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Zhao-Yu
authors.initials: ZY
authors.lastname: Lin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D064827:Myocutaneous Flap / Q000637:transplantation*; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000601:surgery; D009959:Oropharyngeal Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D010369:Pectoralis Muscles / Q000637:transplantation*; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures; D064171:Superficial Back Muscles / Q000637:transplantation*
keywords: oral cavity; oropharynx; pectoralis major flap; recurrence; salvage surgery; squamous cell carcinoma; trapezius flap