title: Premorphological alterations in gastric mucosa in patients with gastric cancer: hypoxia level assessed by 31P NMR spectroscopy.
abstract: The aim of this study was to detect the hypoxic status in adjacent histologically uninvolved gastric mucosa in gastric cancer (GC) patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  50 naïve patients with primary GC, and one patient with stomach ulcer (gastric mucosa was used as control) were enrolled into the study. The tumor and mucosa samples of stomach (without muscularis and serosa layers) in patients with GC were obtained immediately after operation. Assessment of the hypoxia level has been provided using (31)P NMR spectroscopy in tissue perchloric acid extracts. Mucosa was examined by convenient histological method. Obtained results were analyzed statistically.
  
  
  RESULTS
  It was shown that gastric mucosa in 52% of patients with GC is under different levels of hypoxia, among them 23% of mucosa is under severe hypoxia (PME/Pi < 1.0) with average mean of PME/Pi 0.89 ± 0.04. It was revealed that there are definite associations between the hypoxia in mucosa tissue and pT as well as pN categories and G grade and stage of disease but not with M category. Overall survival of patients with gastric mucosa characterized by severe and mild hypoxia was significantly poorer as compared to that of patients with gastric mucosa with satisfactory oxygenation (p = 0.0035).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Gastric mucosa uninvolved in tumor process is characterized by hypoxia in 52% of GC patients; severe hypoxia of mucosa was detected in 23% of patients having hypoxic mucosa. It was suggested that biochemical alterations in tissue surrounding tumor node may precede morphological ones.
authors.affiliation: R.E. Kavetsky Institute of Experimental Pathology, Oncology and Radiobiology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bubnovskaya
authors.affiliation: City Clinical Oncological Center, Kyiv, Ukraine.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Osinsky
authors.affiliation: Technical Center, NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Trachevsky
authors.affiliation: R.E. Kavetsky Institute of Experimental Pathology, Oncology and Radiobiology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Naleskina
authors.affiliation: R.E. Kavetsky Institute of Experimental Pathology, Oncology and Radiobiology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kovelskaya
authors.affiliation: R.E. Kavetsky Institute of Experimental Pathology, Oncology and Radiobiology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gumenyuk
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D005753:Gastric Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D000860:Hypoxia / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D060787:Neoplasm Grading; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D019906:Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular; D010101:Oxygen Consumption; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology*