title: Genetic analysis of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder reveals polygenicity but also suggests new directions for molecular interrogation.
abstract: Over the last few years, genetics research has made significant strides in identifying many risk factors for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. These risk factors include inherited common single nucleotide polymorphisms, copy number variants, and rare single nucleotide variants, as well as rare de novo variants. For all variants, the common theme has been that of polygenicity, meaning that many small genetic risk factors influence risk in the population and that no gene or variant on its own has been shown to be fully deterministic of schizophrenia or bipolar. When taken together, biological themes that have emerged including the importance of synaptic function and calcium signaling. This has implications for our understanding of the biological underpinnings of these diseases.
authors.affiliation: Analytical and Translational Genetics Unit and Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research and Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA. Electronic address: bneale@broadinstitute.org.
authors.forename: Benjamin M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Neale
authors.affiliation: Division of Psychiatric Genomics, Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA. Electronic address: pamela.sklar@mssm.edu.
authors.forename: Pamela
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sklar
mesh_terms: D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000235:genetics*; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D055106:Genome-Wide Association Study; D006801:Humans; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000235:genetics*