title: Type 2 wide-field amacrine cells in TH::GFP mice show a homogenous synapse distribution and contact small ganglion cells.
abstract: In vertebrate retinas, wide-field amacrine cells represent a diverse class of interneurons, important for the extraction of selective features, like motion or objects, from the visual scene. Most types of wide-field amacrine cells lack dedicated output processes, whereas some types spatially segregate outputs from inputs. In the tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)::green fluorescent protein (GFP) mouse line, two types of GFP-expressing wide-field amacrine cells have been described: dopaminergic type 1 and γ-aminobutyric acid-ergic type 2 cells (TH2). TH2 cells possess short and long radial processes stratifying in the middle of the inner plexiform layer, where they collect excitatory and inhibitory inputs from bipolar cells and other amacrine cells, respectively. Although it was shown that these inputs lead to ON-OFF light responses, their spatial distribution along TH2 cell processes is unknown. Also, the postsynaptic targets of TH2 cells have not been identified so far. Here, we analysed the synapse distribution of these cells in TH::GFP mice and show that they form a weakly coupled network. Electrical synapses (made of connexin36) and chemical (excitatory and inhibitory) synapses are uniformly distributed along TH2 dendrites, independent of dendrite length or distance from soma. Moreover, we reveal that TH2 cells contact at least two types of small ganglion cells; one of them is the W3 cell, a ganglion cell sensitive to object motion. Contacts were often associated with markers of inhibitory synapses. Thus, TH2 wide-field amacrine cells likely provide postsynaptic inhibition to W3 ganglion cells and may contribute to object-motion detection in the mouse retina.
authors.affiliation: Neurobiology, University of Oldenburg, 26111, Oldenburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Bianca
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Brüggen
authors.forename: Arndt
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Meyer
authors.forename: Franziska
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Boven
authors.forename: Reto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Weiler
authors.forename: Karin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Dedek
mesh_terms: D025042:Amacrine Cells / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D000818:Animals; D054351:Electrical Synapses / Q000648:ultrastructure; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D051245:Retinal Bipolar Cells / Q000648:ultrastructure; D012165:Retinal Ganglion Cells / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D013569:Synapses / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D014446:Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase
chemical_list: D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins; D014446:Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase
keywords: connexin36; excitatory synapse; gap junction; inhibitory synapse; object-motion detection; retinal circuitry