title: Cephalometric evaluation of upper lip symmetry after functional unilateral cleft lip repair with the Kernahan and Bauer technique and primary cleft rhinoplasty.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cleft lip repair with the Millard technique has undergone many modifications throughout the years, yet analysis of the successes of these various methods is still lacking.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To make a quantitative evaluation of the outcomes obtained after unilateral cleft lip surgical repair using the Kernahan and Bauer technique with primary rhinoplasty.
  
  
  METHODS
  Five anatomical parameters for evaluating upper lip and nostril symmetry were compared between the cleft and the normal side at least 1 year post-surgery in 23 children who underwent unilateral cleft lip repair with this particular technique.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Surgical success (defined as a 10% or less deviation between the cleft and contralateral side) was achieved for four of the five parameters: distance between oral commissure and peak of Cupid's bow, nasal sill width, distance between peak and lowest point of Cupid's bow, and vertical distance between the highest point of the philtral column and lowest point of the upper lip. Surgical success was not achieved for the last parameter: length of philtral column.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Unilateral cleft lip repair using the Kernahan and Bauer technique with primary cleft rhinoplasty is mostly successful when aiming to achieve symmetry between the cleft and the normal side of the upper lip. Success was elusive in achieving symmetry between the philtral columns despite an overall average difference of only 1.2 mm.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic Surgery, Hadassah University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.
authors.forename: Alex
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Margulis
authors.forename: Ehud
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Alperson
authors.forename: Allan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Billig
mesh_terms: D002508:Cephalometry / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D002971:Cleft Lip / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery; D057186:Comparative Effectiveness Research; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007557:Israel; D008046:Lip / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D009666:Nose / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care / Q000379:methods; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012225:Rhinoplasty / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D016896:Treatment Outcome