title: Stable isotope analysis of Joseon people skeletons from the cemeteries of Old Seoul City, the capital of Joseon Dynasty.
abstract: Stable carbon and nitrogen isotope analysis reveals the diets of different human populations in history. In this study, we performed stable isotope analysis on human skeletons from Joseon-period cemeteries discovered around Old Seoul City (Hansung). Our data clearly showed that Joseon individuals consumed more C3-based than C4-based foods as the main staples, and that the proteins they ate were mainly of terrestrial, but not of marine origin. Stable isotope values exhibited unique patterns in each of our sample subgroups. Whereas the δ(13)C values did not show any statistical differences among the subgroups, significantly higher values of δ(15)N were found in males than in females, which might reflect dietary differences between the sexes. For a fuller understanding of the dietary patterns of pre-industrial (pre-20th century) Koreans, additional studies on Joseon samples from Korean archaeological sites will be necessary.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Jeong-A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Chang Seok
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Jong Ha
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Ehwa Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: So Ri
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Min
authors.affiliation: Hangang Institute of Cultural Heritage, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Seugn Whan
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Ehwa Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Yi-Suk
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Sangmyung University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Jun Bum
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Dong Hoon
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Shin
keywords: Carbon; Human bones; Joseon Dynasty; Nitrogen; Stable isotope analysis