title: Detection of the frequency of PER-1 type extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Acinetobacter baumannii clinical isolates in Turkey: a multicenter study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  β-Lactamases are an important resistance mechanism in Acinetobacter baumannii. Pseudomonas extended-resistance (PER-1) type β-lactamase-producing strains have been reported from various geographic locations; however, PER-1 type β-lactamases from Turkish hospitals have not been investigated extensively. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of PER-1 type β-lactamases in A. baumannii isolates in various regions of Turkey.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 763 clinical A. baumannii isolates were collected from 9 university hospitals and 2 state hospitals between 2008 and 2011. Molecular amplification of the OXA-51 gene from the A. baumannii genome was performed in order to verify identification of the species. Real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to detect blaPER-1 genes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  PER-1 was detected in 24.6% of the isolates. The annual frequencies of the PER-1 enzyme were detected as 52.2%, 35.9%, and 8.3% in 2008, 2009, and 2010, respectively. PER-1 prevalence decreased gradually over time. The differences observed in PER-1 prevalence among the regions of Turkey were statistically significant (chi-square test; P < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data demonstrate that the frequency of detection of PER-1 type β-lactamases in A. baumannii species has decreased in Turkey. However, the increased carbapenem resistance, together with multidrug resistance, has created a worrisome situation regarding this pathogen.
authors.affiliation: Department  of Microbiology, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey. gulsahmet@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Gülşah
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Aşik
authors.forename: Mehmet
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Özdemir
authors.forename: Muhammet Güzel
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Kurtoğlu
authors.forename: Server
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yağci
authors.forename: Lütfiye
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Öksüz
authors.forename: Mustafa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gül
authors.forename: Mücahide Esra
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Koçoğlu
authors.forename: Emel
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sesli Çetin
authors.forename: Adnan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Seyrek
authors.forename: Mustafa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Berktaş
authors.forename: Ahmet
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ayyildiz
authors.forename: İhsan Hakkı
authors.initials: İH
authors.lastname: Çiftci
mesh_terms: D000151:Acinetobacter Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology; D040981:Acinetobacter baumannii / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D015780:Carbapenems; D003428:Cross Infection / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology; D004352:Drug Resistance, Microbial / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D015995:Prevalence; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D016036:Seroepidemiologic Studies; D014421:Turkey / Q000453:epidemiology; D001618:beta-Lactamases / Q000302:isolation & purification*
chemical_list: D015780:Carbapenems; C108863:beta-lactamase PER-1; D001618:beta-Lactamases