title: Insight in inpatients with schizophrenia: relationship to symptoms and neuropsychological functioning.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Lack of insight into illness has long been recognized as a central characteristic of schizophrenia. Although recent theories have emphasized neurocognitive dysfunction as a central impairment in schizophrenia it remains unclear whether the lack of insight in schizophrenia is more strongly associated with measures of symptom severity or neuropsychological dysfunction.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy-four consecutive inpatients with chronic schizophrenia were enrolled in a cross-sectional study. All subjects were assessed with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS, five-factor model), the Insight and Treatment Attitudes Questionnaire (ITAQ), and the Measurement and Treatment Research to Improve Cognition in Schizophrenia (MATRICS) Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB). Bivariate association and multiple linear regression analyses were used to investigate the relationship between insight and both symptoms and neurocognition.
  
  
  RESULTS
  On bivariate correlation, the positive, negative, disorganized and excited factors of the PANSS showed a negative correlation with insight but there was no significant association between the MCCB total score or any component subscale and insight. Multiple regression analysis showed that positive symptoms, disorganized/concrete symptoms and excited symptoms contributed to awareness of mental illness; positive and disorganized/concrete symptoms were significant contributors to awareness of the need for treatment; but there were no significant associations with the MCCB.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Insight in this sample of patients with chronic schizophrenia is significantly associated with clinical symptoms but not with neuropsychological functioning.
authors.affiliation: Guangzhou Brain Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Yanling
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, USA.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rosenheck
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, USA.
authors.forename: Somaia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mohamed
authors.affiliation: Guangzhou Brain Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Guangzhou Brain Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Qing
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Guangzhou Brain Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Yufen
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ou
authors.affiliation: Guangzhou Brain Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Guangzhou Brain Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Yuping
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ning
authors.affiliation: Guangzhou Brain Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China. Electronic address: hongbo_he@yeah.net.
authors.forename: Hongbo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: He
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007297:Inpatients / Q000523:psychology*; D008297:Male; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000628:therapy; D012565:Schizophrenic Psychology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: Insight; Neurocognition; Schizophrenia; Symptoms