title: Comorbid obsessive compulsive disorder in patients with bipolar-I disorder.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Limited numbers of studies have examined the prevalence of OCD systematically in consecutively sampled adult bipolar disorder type I (BD-I) patients. We examined the frequency of OCD in a large number (n=396) of consecutively hospitalized patients with BD-I and identified socio-demographic and clinical correlates of BD-I with and without OCD.
  
  
  METHODS
  BD-I patients (n=396) were assessed using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview for Bipolar Disorder Studies, the Structured clinical interview for (Axis II) DSM-IV, the Family interview for genetic studies, the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale, the Young Mania Rating Scale, the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression, the Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) and the Clinical Global Impression scale. Patients with and without OCD were compared in terms of various socio-demographic and clinical variables.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty (7.6%) of the 396 inpatients studied had OCD and 15 (3.8%) had subclinical OCD. BD-OCD group had significantly lower GAF scores, higher rates of unemployment, and lower incidence of psychotic symptoms. In addition, BD-OCD group had higher rates of comorbid social anxiety and anxious avoidant personality disorder (AAPD) and OCD in first-degree relatives. Those with clinical and subclinical OCD did not differ on functioning and severity measures.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Retrospective design and recruitment of patients from inpatient services of a tertiary psychiatric hospital.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  OCD is not an uncommon comorbid disorder in BD-I and appears to be associated with greater functional disability. BD-I with comorbid OCD is associated with greater family history of OCD, comorbidities of social phobia and AAPD and less of psychotic symptoms.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore 560029, India.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shashidhara
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore 560029, India.
authors.forename: B R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Sushma
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore 560029, India.
authors.forename: Biju
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Viswanath
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore 560029, India.
authors.forename: Suresh Bada
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Math
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore 560029, India. Electronic address: ycjreddy@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Y C
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Janardhan Reddy
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015897:Comorbidity; D003710:Demography; D039721:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*; D009771:Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D015995:Prevalence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Anxiety disorder; Bipolar disorder; Co-morbidity; Obsessive compulsive disorder