title: Purkinje cell dendritic atrophy induced by prenatal stress is mitigated by early environmental enrichment.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Prenatal stress (PS) in experimental animals causes long-lasting changes in Purkinje cell dendritic morphology. Furthermore, these structural changes are associated with an increase in anxiogenic behaviors in the elevated plus maze (EPM) and open-field (OF) test.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  As environmental enrichment (EE) has significant restorative effects on brain neurons and behavior, the aim of this study was to evaluate if postweaning EE mitigates the decrease in Purkinje cell dendritic expansion and exploratory behavior induced by PS in mice.
  
  
  METHODS
  Restraint stress was induced from gestational day 14 (G14) to G21. Approximately 50% of the PS animals were submitted to the EE paradigm between postnatal days 22 (P22) and P52. At P52 and P82, male animals were behaviorally evaluated, and then the morphology of the cerebellar vermal Purkinje cells was analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found that EE significantly ameliorates the Purkinje cell dendritic atrophy and anxiety-like behavior in the EPM.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data show that long-lasting Purkinje cell dendritic impairments and anxiety-like behavior can be mitigated by postweaning EE.
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Neurociencias, Escuela de Kinesiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile.
authors.forename: Rodrigo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pascual
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Neurociencias, Escuela de Kinesiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile.
authors.forename: Martina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Valencia
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Neurociencias, Escuela de Kinesiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile.
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bustamante
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D001284:Atrophy / Q000473:pathology; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology*; D003712:Dendrites / Q000473:pathology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D004777:Environment; D005106:Exploratory Behavior / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D018782:Maze Learning / Q000502:physiology; D051379:Mice; D011247:Pregnancy; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects / Q000523:psychology*; D011689:Purkinje Cells / Q000473:pathology*; D016622:Silver Staining; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000451:nursing* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology