title: Validation of a rapid, semiautomatic image analysis tool for measurement of gastric accommodation and emptying by magnetic resonance imaging.
abstract: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has advantages for the assessment of gastrointestinal structures and functions; however, processing MRI data is time consuming and this has limited uptake to a few specialist centers. This study introduces a semiautomatic image processing system for rapid analysis of gastrointestinal MRI. For assessment of simpler regions of interest (ROI) such as the stomach, the system generates virtual images along arbitrary planes that intersect the ROI edges in the original images. This generates seed points that are joined automatically to form contours on each adjacent two-dimensional image and reconstructed in three dimensions (3D). An alternative thresholding approach is available for rapid assessment of complex structures like the small intestine. For assessment of dynamic gastrointestinal function, such as gastric accommodation and emptying, the initial 3D reconstruction is used as reference to process adjacent image stacks automatically. This generates four-dimensional (4D) reconstructions of dynamic volume change over time. Compared with manual processing, this semiautomatic system reduced the user input required to analyze a MRI gastric emptying study (estimated 100 vs. 10,000 mouse clicks). This analysis was not subject to variation in volume measurements seen between three human observers. In conclusion, the image processing platform presented processed large volumes of MRI data, such as that produced by gastric accommodation and emptying studies, with minimal user input. 3D and 4D reconstructions of the stomach and, potentially, other gastrointestinal organs are produced faster and more accurately than manual methods. This system will facilitate the application of MRI in gastrointestinal research and clinical practice.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, India; and sreerup.banerjee@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Sreerup
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Banerjee
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, India; and.
authors.forename: Sudeepa
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dixit
authors.affiliation: Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre and Biomedical Research Unit, University Hospital, Nottingham, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fox
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, India; and.
authors.forename: Anupam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pal
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001331:Automation; D003196:Computer Graphics; D004435:Eating; D005260:Female; D005746:Gastric Emptying; D064368:Healthy Volunteers; D006801:Humans; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D007421:Intestine, Small / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D015588:Observer Variation; D009929:Organ Size; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013270:Stomach / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000502:physiology*; D013997:Time Factors; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: 3D reconstruction; gastrointestinal function; gastrointestinal tract; image processing; magnetic resonance imaging