title: Attachment insecurity and obsessive-compulsive personality disorder among inpatients with serious mental illness.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder (OCPD) is characterized by traits such as extreme rigidity, perfectionism, and controlling behavior, all of which have a negative impact on interpersonal functioning. Attachment theory provides a useful framework to elucidate the interpersonal dysfunction characteristic of OCPD; yet, there is a dearth of attachment research on OCPD in the context of severe mental illness.
  
  
  METHODS
  Attachment security and personality disorders were assessed in adult inpatients with severe mental illness. Propensity Score Matching (PSM) was used to match OCPD and control subjects on age, gender, number of psychiatric disorders, and number of criteria endorsed for borderline personality disorder.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Consistent with hypotheses, the OCPD group (n=61) showed greater attachment avoidance than controls (n=61), and the avoidance was manifested in a predominance of the most insecure attachment style, fearful attachment. Correlations between attachment anxiety/avoidance with specific OCPD diagnostic criteria revealed that attachment avoidance was correlated with four of eight OCPD criteria across the full sample. Within the subset of OCPD patients, attachment avoidance was significantly correlated with OCPD criterion 3 (is excessively devoted to work and productivity to the exclusion of leisure activities and friendships).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of self-report measure of attachment and the high burden of illness in the SMI population may not generalize to interview based assessment or outpatients, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Findings attest to the severity of impairment in interpersonal functioning and attachment avoidance, in particular, is characteristic of OCPD patients. These results suggest that viable treatment targets include interpersonal functioning along with more classical features of OCPD such as perfectionism and obsessiveness in task performance.
authors.affiliation: Menninger Clinic 12301 Main St Houston TX 77035, USA.
authors.forename: Anika
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wiltgen
authors.affiliation: Menninger Clinic 12301 Main St Houston TX 77035, USA.
authors.forename: Herman
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Adler
authors.affiliation: Menninger Clinic 12301 Main St Houston TX 77035, USA.
authors.forename: Ryan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.affiliation: Menninger Clinic 12301 Main St Houston TX 77035, USA; University of Houston, Downtown 1 Main St, Houston, TX 77002, USA.
authors.forename: Katrina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Rufino
authors.affiliation: Menninger Clinic 12301 Main St Houston TX 77035, USA.
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Frazier
authors.affiliation: Menninger Clinic 12301 Main St Houston TX 77035, USA.
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Shepard
authors.affiliation: Menninger Clinic 12301 Main St Houston TX 77035, USA.
authors.forename: Kirk
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Booker
authors.affiliation: Menninger Clinic 12301 Main St Houston TX 77035, USA.
authors.forename: Diedra
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Simmons
authors.affiliation: Menninger Clinic 12301 Main St Houston TX 77035, USA.
authors.forename: Leah
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Richardson
authors.affiliation: Menninger Clinic 12301 Main St Houston TX 77035, USA; Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
authors.forename: Jon G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Allen
authors.affiliation: Menninger Clinic 12301 Main St Houston TX 77035, USA; Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA. Electronic address: cfowler@menninger.edu.
authors.forename: J Christopher
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Fowler
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003193:Compulsive Personality Disorder / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology*; D039721:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007297:Inpatients / Q000523:psychology; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology*; D009769:Object Attachment; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Attachment insecurity; Fearful attachment style; OCPD