title: The food born mycotoxin deoxynivalenol induces low-grade inflammation in mice in the absence of observed-adverse effects.
abstract: METHODS
  Deoxynivalenol (DON) is the most common fungi toxin contaminating cereals and cereal-derived products. High consumption of DON is implicated in mycotoxicoses and causes a set of symptoms including diarrhea, vomiting, reduced weight gain or immunologic effects. However, such clinical intoxications are rare in humans, who are most frequently, exposed to low DON doses without developing acute symptoms. The adverse effect of chronically consumed low DON doses can not be totally excluded. Using a mouse model, we evaluated the impact on inflammatory status of subchronic administration of DON given at doses comparable to the daily human consumption.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The inflammatory status was evaluated in mice receiving 1, 2.5 or 25μg/kg bw/day DON during a 10 or 30 days period. The systemic interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) concentrations were evaluated by Elisa and inflammatory biomarker mRNA expressions were quantified by qPCR within brain structures and peripheral organs. While DON intake failed to modify physiological markers, we observed a systemic IL-1β increase and a modulation of pro-inflammatory gene expression in brain structures, liver, duodenum and adipose tissue.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We bring here the first evidence that subchronic DON intake, at doses that match daily human intake, induces, in a murine model, a central and peripheral low grade inflammation.
authors.affiliation: EA 4674, Laboratoire de Physiologie et Physiopathologie du Système Nerveux Somato-Moteur et Neurovégétatif, Aix-Marseilles University, 13013 Marseille, France; INRA, Département AlimH, 63122 St. Genès Champanelle, France.
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tardivel
authors.affiliation: EA 4674, Laboratoire de Physiologie et Physiopathologie du Système Nerveux Somato-Moteur et Neurovégétatif, Aix-Marseilles University, 13013 Marseille, France.
authors.forename: Coraline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Airault
authors.affiliation: EA 4674, Laboratoire de Physiologie et Physiopathologie du Système Nerveux Somato-Moteur et Neurovégétatif, Aix-Marseilles University, 13013 Marseille, France.
authors.forename: Mehdi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Djelloul
authors.affiliation: EA 4674, Laboratoire de Physiologie et Physiopathologie du Système Nerveux Somato-Moteur et Neurovégétatif, Aix-Marseilles University, 13013 Marseille, France.
authors.forename: Florent
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Guillebaud
authors.affiliation: EA 4674, Laboratoire de Physiologie et Physiopathologie du Système Nerveux Somato-Moteur et Neurovégétatif, Aix-Marseilles University, 13013 Marseille, France.
authors.forename: Rym
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Barbouche
authors.affiliation: EA 4674, Laboratoire de Physiologie et Physiopathologie du Système Nerveux Somato-Moteur et Neurovégétatif, Aix-Marseilles University, 13013 Marseille, France. Electronic address: j-d.troadec@univ-amu.fr.
authors.forename: Jean-Denis
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Troadec
authors.affiliation: EA 4674, Laboratoire de Physiologie et Physiopathologie du Système Nerveux Somato-Moteur et Neurovégétatif, Aix-Marseilles University, 13013 Marseille, France.
authors.forename: Stéphanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gaigé
authors.affiliation: EA 4674, Laboratoire de Physiologie et Physiopathologie du Système Nerveux Somato-Moteur et Neurovégétatif, Aix-Marseilles University, 13013 Marseille, France. Electronic address: michel.dallaporta@univ-amu.fr.
authors.forename: Michel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dallaporta
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D007249:Inflammation / Q000139:chemically induced*; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D014255:Trichothecenes / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D014255:Trichothecenes; C007262:deoxynivalenol
keywords: Cytokines; Neuroinflammation; Prostaglandins; Trichothecenes; mPGES-1