title: In vitro bioaccessibility of carotenoids, flavonoids, and vitamin C from differently processed oranges and orange juices [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck].
abstract: Carotenoid, flavonoid, and vitamin C concentrations were determined in fresh orange segments and a puree-like homogenate derived thereof, as well as freshly squeezed, flash-pasteurized, and pasteurized juices. Lutein and β-cryptoxanthin were slightly degraded during dejuicing, whereas β-carotene levels were retained. Vitamin C levels remained unaffected, whereas flavonoid levels decreased 8-fold upon juice extraction, most likely due to the removal of flavonoid-rich albedo and juice vesicles. Likewise, the presence of such fibrous matrix compounds during in vitro digestion was assumed to significantly lower the total bioaccessibility (BA) of all carotenoids from fresh fruit segments (12%) as compared to juices (29-30%). Mechanical disruption of orange segments prior to digestion did not alter carotenoid BA, whereas pasteurization of the freshly squeezed juice slightly increased BA by 9-11%. In addition to carotenoid BA, the stabilities of hesperidin, narirutin, and vitamin C including dehydroascorbic acid during in vitro digestion were monitored, and applied analytical methods were briefly validated.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, Chair of Plant Foodstuff Technology and Analysis, Hohenheim University , Garbenstraße 25, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany.
authors.forename: Julian K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Aschoff
authors.forename: Sabrina
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kaufmann
authors.forename: Onur
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Kalkan
authors.forename: Sybille
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Neidhart
authors.forename: Reinhold
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Carle
authors.forename: Ralf M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Schweiggert
mesh_terms: D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000378:metabolism*; D001628:Beverages / Q000032:analysis*; D002338:Carotenoids / Q000378:metabolism*; D032084:Citrus sinensis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D004063:Digestion; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000378:metabolism*; D005511:Food Handling / Q000379:methods*; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D041981:Gastrointestinal Tract / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008954:Models, Biological
chemical_list: D005419:Flavonoids; D002338:Carotenoids; D001205:Ascorbic Acid
keywords: bioactive compounds; bioavailability; dietary fiber; fruit matrix; health and nutrition