title: Nitric oxide negatively regulates abscisic acid signaling in guard cells by S-nitrosylation of OST1.
abstract: The phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) plays important roles in plant development and adaptation to environmental stress. ABA induces the production of nitric oxide (NO) in guard cells, but how NO regulates ABA signaling is not understood. Here, we show that NO negatively regulates ABA signaling in guard cells by inhibiting open stomata 1 (OST1)/sucrose nonfermenting 1 (SNF1)-related protein kinase 2.6 (SnRK2.6) through S-nitrosylation. We found that SnRK2.6 is S-nitrosylated at cysteine 137, a residue adjacent to the kinase catalytic site. Dysfunction in the S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) reductase (GSNOR) gene in the gsnor1-3 mutant causes NO overaccumulation in guard cells, constitutive S-nitrosylation of SnRK2.6, and impairment of ABA-induced stomatal closure. Introduction of the Cys137 to Ser mutated SnRK2.6 into the gsnor1-3/ost1-3 double-mutant partially suppressed the effect of gsnor1-3 on ABA-induced stomatal closure. A cysteine residue corresponding to Cys137 of SnRK2.6 is present in several yeast and human protein kinases and can be S-nitrosylated, suggesting that the S-nitrosylation may be an evolutionarily conserved mechanism for protein kinase regulation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture and.
authors.forename: Pengcheng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture and Department of Biology, Institute of Plant Stress Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, China; and.
authors.forename: Yanyan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Du
authors.affiliation: Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture and.
authors.forename: Yueh-Ju
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Hou
authors.affiliation: Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture and Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China.
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907;
authors.forename: Chuan-Chih
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Institute of Plant Stress Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, China; and.
authors.forename: Feijuan
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.affiliation: Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture and.
authors.forename: Xiaohong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907;
authors.forename: W Andy
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Tao
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Institute of Plant Stress Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, China; and.
authors.forename: Chun-Peng
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture and Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China jkzhu@purdue.edu.
authors.forename: Jian-Kang
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Zhu
mesh_terms: D000040:Abscisic Acid / Q000378:metabolism*; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D019943:Amino Acid Substitution; D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000166:cytology / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D020134:Catalytic Domain / Q000235:genetics; D017124:Conserved Sequence; D003545:Cysteine / Q000737:chemistry; D005980:Glutathione Reductase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008958:Models, Molecular; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016297:Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism*; D020030:Nitric Oxide Donors / Q000494:pharmacology; D010641:Phenotype; D054046:Plant Stomata / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D011487:Protein Conformation; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D011494:Protein Kinases / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D026422:S-Nitrosoglutathione / Q000494:pharmacology; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D020030:Nitric Oxide Donors; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D026422:S-Nitrosoglutathione; D000040:Abscisic Acid; D005980:Glutathione Reductase; C521253:S-nitrosoglutathione reductase, Arabidopsis; D011494:Protein Kinases; C472139:OST1 protein, Arabidopsis; D003545:Cysteine
keywords: ABA; GSNOR; NO; drought; stomata