title: Chromium level in prediction of diabetes in pre-diabetic patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Chromium supplementations (Cr) have been shown to exert beneficial effects in the management of type-2 diabetes. Prevalence of Cr deficiency in pre-diabetic patients is not well-understood, therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the extent of this prevalence.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this cross-sectional descriptive study, 132 pre-diabetic patients were recruited. The participants were randomly selected from those who referred to the Shariati Hospital in Isfahan, Iran. Blood samples are collected for measurement of Cr, insulin, fasting blood sugar (FBS), and two-hour post-load plasma glucose. The body mass index (BMI) was calculated. Determination of Cr was carried out by atomic absorption spectrometry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty-four (31.5%) patients had Cr deficiency and 74 (68.5%) patients had normal Cr. There was no significant difference between sex, age groups (<50 years and ≥50 years) and between patients with and without a family history of diabetes in both the groups. No significant differences in age, BMI, FBS or insulin were observed between two groups. In the group with a normal level of Cr, there was a significant reversed correlation between the Cr level and age, but no significant correlation existed between the Cr level and other factors in both groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The levels of Cr deficiency are relatively common in patients with pre-diabetes, and it is necessary to screen patients with diabetes and pre-diabetes according to the American Diabetes Association guidelines, with regard to the Cr level and action should be taken to eliminate the Cr deficiency in these patients.
authors.affiliation: Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran.
authors.forename: Rahmatollah
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rafiei
authors.affiliation: Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran.
authors.forename: Zahra
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Habyby
authors.affiliation: Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran.
authors.forename: Lootfollah
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Fouladi
authors.affiliation: Acquired Immunodeficiency Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical, Isfahan, Iran.
authors.forename: Somayeh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Najafi
authors.affiliation: Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical, Isfahan, Iran.
authors.forename: Sedigheh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Asgary
authors.affiliation: Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
authors.forename: Zahra
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Torabi
keywords: Chromium; insulin; pre-diabetic