title: Retroperitoneal laparoscopic ureterolithotomy for proximal ureteral calculi in selected patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To summarize our experience of retroperitoneal laparoscopic ureterolithotomy for ureteral calculi and evaluate the safety and efficiency of this procedure.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a retrospective analysis of 197 patients with proximal ureteral calculi who accepted retroperitoneal laparoscopic ureterolithotomy from June 2005 to June 2014.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All procedures were performed successfully and the mean operating time and estimated blood loss were 87 min and 64 mL. The clearance rate was 98.5% and the rates of urine leak and ureteral stricture were 2.5% and 1.0%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Retroperitoneal laparoscopic ureterolithotomy is a safe and effective procedure for patients with complex stones or anatomic abnormalities, and, with experience of high volume series, it is also a reasonable choice as the primary treatment for such selected patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 12 Central Urumqi Road, Shanghai 200040, China ; Fudan Institute of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China ; Department of Surgery, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China.
authors.forename: Qingfeng
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 12 Central Urumqi Road, Shanghai 200040, China ; Fudan Institute of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China ; Department of Surgery, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China.
authors.forename: Weihong
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 12 Central Urumqi Road, Shanghai 200040, China ; Fudan Institute of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China ; Department of Surgery, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China.
authors.forename: Yuancheng
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Gou
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 12 Central Urumqi Road, Shanghai 200040, China ; Fudan Institute of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China ; Department of Surgery, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China.
authors.forename: Yatfaat
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ho
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 12 Central Urumqi Road, Shanghai 200040, China ; Fudan Institute of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China ; Department of Surgery, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China.
authors.forename: Ke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 12 Central Urumqi Road, Shanghai 200040, China ; Fudan Institute of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China ; Department of Surgery, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China.
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 12 Central Urumqi Road, Shanghai 200040, China ; Fudan Institute of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China ; Department of Surgery, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China.
authors.forename: Chuanyu
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 12 Central Urumqi Road, Shanghai 200040, China ; Fudan Institute of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China ; Department of Surgery, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China.
authors.forename: Guowei
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 12 Central Urumqi Road, Shanghai 200040, China ; Fudan Institute of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China ; Department of Surgery, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China.
authors.forename: Qiang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Ding
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019990:Perioperative Care; D011859:Radiography; D012187:Retroperitoneal Space / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D014514:Ureteral Calculi / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D055815:Young Adult