title: Effect of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β) on clinical manifestations in Indian SLE patients.
abstract: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an inflammatory rheumatic disease characterized by production of autoantibodies and organ damage. Elevated levels of cytokines have been reported in SLE patients. In this study we have investigated the effect of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β) on clinical manifestations in 145 Indian SLE patients. One hundred and forty-five healthy controls of the same ethnicity served as a control group. Clinical disease activity was scored according to SLEDAI score. Accordingly, 110 patients had active disease and 35 patients had inactive disease. Mean levels of IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β were found to be significantly higher in SLE patients than healthy controls (P < 0.001). Mean level of IL-6 for patients with active disease (70.45±68.32 pg/mL) was significantly higher (P = 0.0430) than those of inactive disease patients (43.85±63.36 pg/mL). Mean level of TNF-α was 44.76±68.32 pg/mL for patients with active disease while it was 25.97±22.03 pg/mL for those with inactive disease and this difference was statistically significant (P = 0.0161). Similar results were obtained for IL-1β (P = 0.0002). Correlation between IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β serum levels and SLEDAI score was observed (r = 0.20, r = 0.27, and r = 0.38, resp.). This study supports the role of these proinflammatory cytokines as inflammatory mediators in active stage of disease.
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Immunohaematology, Indian Council of Medical Research, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400012, India.
authors.forename: Vinod
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-8214-796X
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Umare
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Immunohaematology, Indian Council of Medical Research, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400012, India.
authors.forename: Vandana
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Pradhan
authors.affiliation: Department of Rheumatology, King Edward Memorial Hospital, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400012, India.
authors.forename: Milind
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nadkar
authors.affiliation: Department of Rheumatology, King Edward Memorial Hospital, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400012, India.
authors.forename: Anjali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rajadhyaksha
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Immunohaematology, Indian Council of Medical Research, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400012, India.
authors.forename: Manisha
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Patwardhan
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Immunohaematology, Indian Council of Medical Research, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400012, India.
authors.forename: Kanjaksha K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Ghosh
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Immunohaematology, Indian Council of Medical Research, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400012, India ; National Institute of Immunohaematology, King Edward Memorial Hospital, 13th Floor, NMS Building, Parel, Mumbai 400012, India.
authors.forename: Anita H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Nadkarni
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000097:blood; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015331:Cohort Studies; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D007194:India; D007249:Inflammation; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000097:blood; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000097:blood*; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood*; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000097:blood* / Q000208:ethnology; D008297:Male; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D001323:Autoantibodies; D016207:Cytokines; C508585:IL1B protein, human; C508600:IL6 protein, human; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D015850:Interleukin-6; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha