title: TGF-β signaling and the development of osteoarthritis.
abstract: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common joint degenerative disease affecting the whole joint structure, including articular cartilage, subchondral bone and synovial tissue. Although extensive work has been done in recent years to explore the molecular mechanism underlying this disease, the pathogenesis of OA is still poorly understood and currently, there is no effective disease-modifying treatment for OA. Recently, bothin vitroandin vivostudies suggest that confirmed (TGF-β)/SMAD pathway plays a critical role during OA development. This short review will focus on the function and signaling mechanisms of TGF-β/SMAD pathway in articular chondrocytes, mesenchymal progenitor cells of subchondral bone and synovial lining cells during OA development.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
authors.forename: Shan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
authors.forename: Di
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Chen