title: Bimaxillary protrusion with an atrophic alveolar defect: orthodontics, autogenous chin-block graft, soft tissue augmentation, and an implant.
abstract: Bimaxillary protrusion in a 28-year-old woman was complicated by multiple missing, restoratively compromised, or hopeless teeth. The maxillary right central incisor had a history of avulsion and replantation that subsequently evolved into generalized external root resorption with Class III mobility and severe loss of the supporting periodontium. This complex malocclusion had a discrepancy index of 21, and 8 additional points were scored for the atrophic dental implant site (maxillary right central incisor). The comprehensive treatment plan included extraction of 4 teeth (both maxillary first premolars, the maxillary right central incisor, and the mandibular right first molar), orthodontic closure of all spaces except for the future implant site (maxillary right central incisor), augmentation of the alveolar defect with an autogenous chin-block graft, enhancement of the gingival biotype with a connective tissue graft, and an implant-supported prosthesis. Orthodontists must understand the limitations of bone grafts. Augmented alveolar defects are slow to completely turn over to living bone, so they are usually good sites for implants but respond poorly to orthodontic space closure. However, postsurgical orthodontic treatment is often indicated to optimally finish the esthetic zone before placing the final prosthesis. The latter was effectively performed for this patient, resulting in a total treatment time of about 36 months for comprehensive interdisciplinary care. An excellent functional and esthetic result was achieved.
authors.affiliation: Lecturer, Newton Implant Center, HsinChu City, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Grace S C
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Chiu
authors.affiliation: Director, Beethoven Orthodontic Center, HsinChu City, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chris H N
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Professor emeritus, Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Ind, adjunct professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indiana University and Purdue University at Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Ind, visiting professor, Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, Calif. Electronic address: werobert@iu.edu.
authors.forename: W Eugene
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Roberts
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016301:Alveolar Bone Loss / Q000601:surgery; D000540:Alveolar Ridge Augmentation / Q000379:methods*; D001284:Atrophy; D064592:Autografts / Q000637:transplantation*; D016025:Bone Transplantation / Q000379:methods*; D003238:Connective Tissue / Q000637:transplantation; D003758:Dental Implantation, Endosseous / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D015921:Dental Implants; D019094:Dental Prosthesis, Implant-Supported; D005260:Female; D005881:Gingiva / Q000637:transplantation*; D005893:Gingivoplasty / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007180:Incisor / Q000601:surgery; D007576:Jaw, Edentulous, Partially / Q000628:therapy; D008311:Malocclusion, Angle Class I / Q000628:therapy*; D008437:Maxilla / Q000601:surgery; D052280:Orthodontic Anchorage Procedures / Q000295:instrumentation; D019516:Orthodontic Space Closure / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D009971:Orthodontics, Corrective / Q000379:methods*; D010347:Patient Care Planning; D010348:Patient Care Team; D012391:Root Resorption / Q000601:surgery; D014081:Tooth Extraction
chemical_list: D015921:Dental Implants