title: Oxygen and carbogen breathing following simulated submarine escape.
abstract: Escape from a disabled submarine exposes escapers to a high risk of decompression sickness (DCS). The initial bubble load is thought to emanate from the fast tissues; it is this load that should be lowered to reduce risk of serious neurological DCS. The breathing of oxygen or carbogen (5% CO2, 95% O2) post-surfacing was investigated with regard to its ability to reduce the initial bubble load in comparison to air breathing. Thirty-two goats were subject to a dry simulated submarine escape profile to and from 240 meters (2.5 MPa). On surfacing, they breathed air (control), oxygen or carbogen for 30 minutes. Regular Doppler audio bubble grading was carried out, using the Kisman Masurel (KM) scale. One suspected case of DCS was noted. No oxygen toxicity or arterial gas embolism occurred. No significant difference was found between the groups in terms of the median peak KM grade or the period before the KM grade dropped below III. Time to disappearance of bubbles was significantly different between groups; oxygen showed faster bubble resolution than carbogen and air. This reduction in time to bubble resolution may be beneficial in reducing decompression stress, but probably does not affect the risk of fast-tissue DCS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Physiology, Royal Institute of Technology, Sotckholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Mikael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gennser
authors.forename: Geoff
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Loveman
authors.forename: Fiona
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Seddon
authors.forename: Julian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Thacker
authors.forename: S Lesley
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Blogg
mesh_terms: D000388:Air; D000818:Animals; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D003665:Decompression Sickness / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D004630:Emergencies; D005260:Female; D006041:Goats / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D010100:Oxygen / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D010102:Oxygen Inhalation Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013366:Submarine Medicine; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D002245:Carbon Dioxide; C011700:carbogen; D010100:Oxygen