title: Publicly available online educational videos regarding pediatric needle pain: a scoping review.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objectives of this scoping review were to: (1) identify publicly available educational videos on needle pain management; and (2) evaluate the content of these videos.
  
  
  METHODS
  Reviewers screened publicly available educational videos on pediatric needle pain management available on YouTube and Google using a broad-based search strategy. Videos were categorized using the CRAAP Test: Current, Relevant, from a trustworthy source (Authority), Accurate and evidence-based, and for what Purpose does the source exist.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-five relevant, educational videos were identified. The intended audience for most videos was parents (n=16, 64%), followed by clinicians (n=6, 24%) and children (n=3, 12%). Common examples of needle pain included immunizations or IV insertion, with interventions appropriate for infants through school-aged children. The most frequently described techniques were parent-guided distraction and behavioral factors such as comfort holds and parent demeanor. Most videos were Current (96%), Relevant (100%), created by a trustworthy source: Authority (76%), and all were Accurate, with Purpose relating to needle pain management. None of the videos addressed the unique needs of children with a preexisting diagnosis of needle phobia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Publicly available educational videos offer clinicians, parents, and children evidence-based techniques to manage pediatric needle pain. Further evaluation is needed to determine whether this form of education meets the needs of target audiences and whether this type of content can lead to improved management of pediatric needle pain.
authors.affiliation: *Brigham and Women's Hospital †Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA ‡The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada §FAAN UCSF School of Nursing, San Francisco ∥Pediatric Suggestions, Berkeley, CA.
authors.forename: Cameron
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Farkas
authors.forename: Lydia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Solodiuk
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Taddio
authors.forename: Linda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Franck
authors.forename: F Ralph
authors.initials: FR
authors.lastname: Berberich
authors.forename: Joyce
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: LoChiatto
authors.forename: Jean C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Solodiuk
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D055317:Evidence-Based Practice / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D020407:Internet; D009339:Needles; D010146:Pain / Q000517:prevention & control; D059408:Pain Management / Q000379:methods*; D010290:Parents; D010353:Patient Education as Topic; D010372:Pediatrics / Q000379:methods*; D010820:Physicians; D014741:Video Recording