title: Intrinsically radiopaque polyurethanes with chain extender 4,4'-isopropylidenebis [2-(2,6-diiodophenoxy)ethanol] for biomedical applications.
abstract: Radiopaque polyurethanes are used for medical applications as it allows post-operative assessment of the biomaterial devices using X-ray. Inherently, radiopaque polyurethanes based on polytetramethylene glycol (PTMG), polypropylene glycol, 4,4'-methylenebis(phenyl isocyanate), and a new iodinated chain extender 4,4'-isopropylidenebis[2-(2,6-diiodophenoxy)ethanol] with flexible spacers were synthesized and characterized. The iodinated polyurethanes were clear, optically transparent, and had high molecular weights. The polyurethanes also possessed excellent radiopacity and high thermal stability. The biocompatibility of the most promising iodinated polyurethane was evaluated both in vitro (cytotoxicity evaluation by direct contact and MTT assay, using L929 mouse fibroblast cells) and in vivo (toxicology studies in rabbits and subcutaneous implantation in rats). The material was nontoxic and well tolerated by the animals. Thus, these radiopaque and transparent polyurethanes are expected to have potential for various biomedical applications.
authors.affiliation: Polymer Science Division, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Kerala, India.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dawlee
authors.affiliation: Polymer Science Division, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Kerala, India muthujayabalan@rediffmail.com.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jayabalan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity; D002460:Cell Line; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008422:Materials Testing; D051379:Mice; D015394:Molecular Structure; D008970:Molecular Weight; D011140:Polyurethanes / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity; D011817:Rabbits; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D003287:Contrast Media; D011140:Polyurethanes
keywords: Biocompatibility; X-ray; cytotoxicity; iodinated polyurethanes; radiopacity