title: Estimated life expectancy in a Scottish cohort with type 1 diabetes, 2008-2010.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Type 1 diabetes has historically been associated with a significant reduction in life expectancy. Major advances in treatment of type 1 diabetes have occurred in the past 3 decades. Contemporary estimates of the effect of type 1 diabetes on life expectancy are needed.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To examine current life expectancy in people with and without type 1 diabetes in Scotland. We also examined whether any loss of life expectancy in patients with type 1 diabetes is confined to those who develop kidney disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective cohort of all individuals alive in Scotland with type 1 diabetes who were aged 20 years or older from 2008 through 2010 and were in a nationwide register (n=24,691 contributing 67,712 person-years and 1043 deaths).
  
  
  METHODS
  Differences in life expectancy between those with and those without type 1 diabetes and the percentage of the difference due to various causes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Life expectancy at an attained age of 20 years was an additional 46.2 years among men with type 1 diabetes and 57.3 years among men without it, an estimated loss in life expectancy with diabetes of 11.1 years (95% CI, 10.1-12.1). Life expectancy from age 20 years was an additional 48.1 years among women with type 1 diabetes and 61.0 years among women without it, an estimated loss with diabetes of 12.9 years (95% CI, 11.7-14.1). Even among those with type 1 diabetes with an estimated glomerular filtration rate of 90 mL/min/1.73 m2 or higher, life expectancy was reduced (49.0 years in men, 53.1 years in women) giving an estimated loss from age 20 years of 8.3 years (95% CI, 6.5-10.1) for men and 7.9 years (95% CI, 5.5-10.3) for women. Overall, the largest percentage of the estimated loss in life expectancy was related to ischemic heart disease (36% in men, 31% in women) but death from diabetic coma or ketoacidosis was associated with the largest percentage of the estimated loss occurring before age 50 years (29.4% in men, 21.7% in women).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Estimated life expectancy for patients with type 1 diabetes in Scotland based on data from 2008 through 2010 indicated an estimated loss of life expectancy at age 20 years of approximately 11 years for men and 13 years for women compared with the general population without type 1 diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Diabetes Epidemiology Unit, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland.
authors.forename: Shona J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Livingstone
authors.affiliation: Diabetes Epidemiology Unit, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Levin
authors.affiliation: Diabetes Epidemiology Unit, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland.
authors.forename: Helen C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Looker
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cardiovascular & Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland.
authors.forename: Robert S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Lindsay
authors.affiliation: Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland.
authors.forename: Sarah H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Wild
authors.affiliation: Raigmore Hospital, National Health Services Highland, Inverness, Scotland.
authors.forename: Nicola
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Joss
authors.affiliation: Medical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland.
authors.forename: Graham
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Leese
authors.affiliation: Borders General Hospital, National Health Services Borders, Scotland.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Leslie
authors.affiliation: Medical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland.
authors.forename: Rory J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: McCrimmon
authors.affiliation: Scottish Renal Registry, Paisley, Scotland.
authors.forename: Wendy
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Metcalfe
authors.affiliation: Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland8Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, Scotland.
authors.forename: John A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: McKnight
authors.affiliation: Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland.
authors.forename: Andrew D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Morris
authors.affiliation: Grampian Diabetes Research Unit, Aberdeen, Scotland.
authors.forename: Donald W M
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Pearson
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cardiovascular & Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland.
authors.forename: John R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Petrie
authors.affiliation: Grampian Diabetes Research Unit, Aberdeen, Scotland.
authors.forename: Sam
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Philip
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cardiovascular & Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland.
authors.forename: Naveed A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Sattar
authors.affiliation: Scottish Renal Registry, Paisley, Scotland.
authors.forename: Jamie P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Traynor
authors.affiliation: Diabetes Epidemiology Unit, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland.
authors.forename: Helen M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Colhoun
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002423:Cause of Death; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000150:complications / Q000401:mortality*; D003926:Diabetic Coma / Q000401:mortality; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008017:Life Expectancy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000401:mortality; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012606:Scotland; D012737:Sex Factors; D055815:Young Adult