title: Stem bark extract and fraction of Persea americana (Mill.) exhibits bactericidal activities against strains of bacillus cereus associated with food poisoning.
abstract: The study investigates the in vitro antibacterial potentials of stem bark extracts of Persea americana on strains of Bacillus cereus implicated in food poisoning. The crude stem bark extracts and butanolic fraction at a concentration of 25 mg/mL and 10 mg/mL, respectively, exhibited antibacterial activities against test isolates. The zones of inhibition exhibited by the crude extract and the fraction ranged between 10 mm and 26 mm, while the minimum inhibitory concentration values ranged between 0.78 and 5.00 mg/mL. The minimum bactericidal concentrations ranged between 3.12 mg/mL-12.5 mg/mL and 1.25-10 mg/mL for the extract and the fraction, respectively. The butanolic fraction killed 91.49% of the test isolates at a concentration of 2× MIC after 60 min of contact time, while a 100% killing was achieved after the test bacterial cells were exposed to the butanolic fraction at a concentration of 3× MIC after 90 min contact time. Intracellular protein and potassium ion leaked out of the test bacterial cells when exposed to certain concentrations of the fraction; this is an indication of bacterial cell wall disruptions by the extract's butanolic fraction and, thus, caused a biocidal effect on the cells, as evident in the killing rate test results.
authors.affiliation: SA-MRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa. dakinpel@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Akinpelu
authors.affiliation: Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa. Aiyegoroo@arc.agric.za.
authors.forename: Olayinka A
authors.initials: OA
authors.lastname: Aiyegoro
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Technology, North West University, Mafikeng Campus, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa. Sewizzy2009@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Oluseun F
authors.initials: OF
authors.lastname: Akinpelu
authors.affiliation: SA-MRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa. aokoh@ufh.ac.za.
authors.forename: Anthony I
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Okoh
mesh_terms: D001409:Bacillus cereus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D005517:Foodborne Diseases / Q000382:microbiology*; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D027421:Persea / Q000737:chemistry*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018547:Plant Stems / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D010936:Plant Extracts