title: Update to an evaluation of ICD-11 PTSD and complex PTSD criteria in a sample of adult survivors of childhood institutional abuse by Knefel & Lueger-Schuster (2013): a latent profile analysis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The World Health Organization (WHO) International Classification of Diseases, 11th version (ICD-11), has proposed a trauma-related diagnosis of complex posttraumatic stress disorder (CPTSD) separate and distinct from posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether the symptoms endorsed by individuals who had experienced childhood institutional abuse form classes that are consistent with diagnostic criteria for ICD-11 CPTSD as distinct from PTSD.
  
  
  METHODS
  A latent profile analysis (LPA) was conducted on 229 adult survivors of institutional abuse using the Brief Symptom Inventory and the PTSD Checklist-Civilian Version to assess current psychopathological symptoms.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The LPA revealed four classes of individuals: (1) a class with elevated symptoms of CPTSD (PTSD symptoms and disturbances in self-organization); (2) a class with elevated symptoms of PTSD and low disturbances in self-organization; (3) a class with elevated disturbances in self-organization symptoms and some elevated PTSD symptoms; and (4) a class with low symptoms.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results support the existence of a distinct group in our sample, that could be described by the proposed diagnostic category termed CPTSD more precisely than by normal PTSD. In addition, there seems to be a group of persons that do not fulfill the criteria for a trauma-related disorder but yet suffer from psychopathological symptoms.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Matthias.Knefel@univie.ac.at.
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Knefel
authors.affiliation: National Center for PTSD, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Donn W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Garvert
authors.affiliation: National Center for PTSD, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Langone Medical Center, New York University, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Marylene
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cloitre
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Brigitte
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lueger-Schuster
keywords: Complex PTSD; ICD-11; WHO; childhood abuse; institutional abuse; latent profile analysis; posttraumatic stress disorder