title: Higher prevalence of left ventricular hypertrophy in two Māori cohorts: findings from the Hauora Manawa/Community Heart Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of mortality in New Zealand with a disproportionate burden of disease in the Māori population. The Hauora Manawa Project investigated the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors and CVD in randomly selected Māori and non-Māori participants. This paper reports the prevalence of structural changes in the heart.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 252 rural Māori, 243 urban Māori; and 256 urban non-Māori underwent echocardiography to assess cardiac structure and function. Multivariable logistic regression was used to determine variables associated with heart size.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Left ventricular (LV) mass measurements were largest in the rural Māori cohort (183.5,sd 61.4), intermediate in the urban Māori cohort (169.7,sd 57.1) and smallest in the non-Māori cohort (152.6,sd 46.7; p<0.001). Similar patterns were observed for other measurements and indexation had no impact. One-third (32.3%) met the gender-based ASE criteria for LV hypertrophy (LVH) with higher prevalence in both Maori cohorts (highest in the rural cohort). There were three significant predictors of LVH: rural Māori (p=0.0001); age (p<0.0001); and gender (p=0.0048).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Structural and functional heart abnormalities are more prevalent in Māori compared to non-Māori, and especially rural Māori. Early identification should lead to better management, ultimately improving life expectancy and quality of life.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Social and Health Sciences, Unitec, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Gillian A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Whalley
authors.forename: Suzanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pitama
authors.forename: Richard W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Troughton
authors.forename: Rob N
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Doughty
authors.forename: Greg D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Gamble
authors.forename: Tawhirimatea
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Gillies
authors.forename: J Elisabeth
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Wells
authors.forename: Allamanda
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Faatoese
authors.forename: Tania
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Huria
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Richards
authors.forename: Vicky A
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: Cameron
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004452:Echocardiography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D017379:Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000208:ethnology*; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009520:New Zealand / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012424:Rural Population; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D014505:Urban Population
keywords: Māori; cardiovascular disease; echocardiography; indigenous; rural