title: The Shoulder Pain and Disability Index: Is it sensitive and responsive to immediate change?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI) is designed to detect changes in shoulder pain and disability after a one-week interval. With the new Medicare guideline, the SPADI may have to be employed for time frames of less than one week.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine if the SPADI or its subscales could detect immediate changes in pain and function after a thoracic manipulative intervention known to produce short-term improvement and by comparing it to changes on the numeric pain rating scale (NPRS).
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects with primary complaints of non-post-surgical shoulder pain completed the NPRS and the SPADI prior to and immediately following interventions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The SPADI pain subscale detected statistically significant differences that were also detected using the NPRS. In addition, the SPADI pain score and the NPRS scores were moderately correlated between the pre-intervention SPADI and NPRS scores (r = 0.49-0.61, p < 0.001) and post-intervention SPADI and NPRS scores (r = 0.49-0.67, p < 0.001). These differences did not appear to be sensitive or responsive to immediate change.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Since the SPADI may have to be employed in durations of less than one week secondary to third party payer requirements, it is valuable to validate the SPADI for this particular use.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although SPADI scores demonstrated low sensitivity and responsiveness to immediate changes, the SPADI pain scale was able to detect changes in durations of less than one week. This finding should be confirmed through further prospective experimentation.
authors.affiliation: UCONN Health, Farmington, CT, USA; University of Connecticut Physical Therapy Program, Storrs, CT, USA. Electronic address: sriley@uchc.edu.
authors.forename: Sean P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Riley
authors.affiliation: UCONN Health, Farmington, CT, USA.
authors.forename: Mark P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Cote
authors.affiliation: Texas Woman's University, Houston, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Swanson
authors.affiliation: UCONN Health, Farmington, CT, USA; University of Connecticut Physical Therapy Program, Storrs, CT, USA.
authors.forename: Vincent
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Tafuto
authors.affiliation: Center for Rehabilitation Research, School of Allied Health Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Phillip S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Sizer
authors.affiliation: Center for Rehabilitation Research, School of Allied Health Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Jean-Michel
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Brismée
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D026201:Musculoskeletal Manipulations / Q000379:methods*; D059352:Musculoskeletal Pain / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000534:rehabilitation; D010147:Pain Measurement; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular / Q000502:physiology*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D020069:Shoulder Pain / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D018434:Sickness Impact Profile; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: Numeric pain rating scale; Outcome measures; Shoulder pain and disability scale