title: Evaluation of the Diagnostic Accuracy of Conventional 2-Dimensional and 3-Dimensional Computed Tomography for Assessing Canine Sacral and Pelvic Fractures by Radiologists, Orthopedic Surgeons, and Veterinary Medical Students.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine, using 3 groups of evaluators of varying experience reading orthopedic CT studies, if 3-dimensional computed tomography (3D-CT) provides a more accurate and time efficient method for diagnosis of canine sacral and pelvic fractures, and displacements of the sacroiliac and coxofemoral joints compared with 2-dimensional computed tomography (2D-CT).
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective clinical and prospective study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Dogs (n = 23): 12 dogs with traumatic pelvic fractures, 11 canine cadavers with pelvic trauma induced by a lateral impactor.
  
  
  METHODS
  All dogs had a 2D-CT exam of the pelvis and subsequent 3D-CT reconstructions from the 2D-CT images. Both 2D-CT and 3D-CT studies were anonymized and randomly presented to 2 veterinary radiologists, 2 veterinary orthopedic surgeons, and 2 veterinary medical students. Evaluators classified fractures using a confidence scale and recorded the duration of evaluation for each modality and case.
  
  
  RESULTS
  3D-CT was a more time-efficient technique for evaluation of traumatic sacral and pelvic injuries compared with 2D-CT in all evaluator groups irrespective of experience level reading orthopedic CT studies. However, for radiologists and surgeons, 2D-CT was the more accurate technique for evaluating sacral and pelvic fractures.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  3D-CT improves sacral and pelvic fracture diagnosis when added to 2D-CT; however, 3D-CT has a reduced accuracy for evaluation of sacral and pelvic fractures if used without concurrent evaluation of 2D-CT images.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Corvallis, Oregon.
authors.forename: Susanne M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Stieger-Vanegas
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Corvallis, Oregon.
authors.forename: Sri Kumar Jamie
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Senthirajah
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Corvallis, Oregon.
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nemanic
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Corvallis, Oregon.
authors.forename: Wendy
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Baltzer
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Corvallis, Oregon.
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Warnock
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Corvallis, Oregon.
authors.forename: Katelyn
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hollars
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Corvallis, Oregon.
authors.forename: Scott S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal and Rangeland Sciences, College of Agricultural Sciences, Corvallis, Oregon.|Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon.
authors.forename: Gerd
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bobe
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002102:Cadaver; D004285:Dogs / Q000293:injuries*; D050723:Fractures, Bone / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000662:veterinary*; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000662:veterinary*; D009985:Orthopedics; D010384:Pelvic Bones / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000293:injuries*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012447:Sacrum / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000293:injuries*; D013337:Students, Medical; D066231:Surgeons; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D014730:Veterinary Medicine / Q000379:methods*