title: Placental growth factor influences maternal cardiovascular adaptation to pregnancy in mice.
abstract: In healthy human pregnancies, placental growth factor (PGF) concentrations rise in maternal plasma during early gestation, peak over Weeks 26-30, then decline. Because PGF in nongravid subjects participates in protection against and recovery from cardiac pathologies, we asked if PGF contributes to pregnancy-induced maternal cardiovascular adaptations. Cardiovascular function and structure were evaluated in virgin, pregnant, and postpartum C56BL/6-Pgf(-) (/) (-) (Pgf(-) (/) (-)) and C57BL/6-Pgf(+/+) (B6) mice using plethysmography, ultrasound, quantitative PCR, and cardiac and renal histology. Pgf(-/-) females had higher systolic blood pressure in early and late pregnancy but an extended, abnormal midpregnancy interval of depressed systolic pressure. Pgf(-/-) cardiac output was lower than gestation day (gd)-matched B6 after midpregnancy. While Pgf(-) (/) (-) left ventricular mass was greater than B6, only B6 showed the expected gestational gain in left ventricular mass. Expression of vasoactive genes in the left ventricle differed at gd8 with elevated Nos expression in Pgf(-) (/) (-) but not at gd14. By gd16, Pgf(-) (/) (-) kidneys were hypertrophic and had glomerular pathology. This study documents for the first time that PGF is associated with the systemic maternal cardiovascular adaptations to pregnancy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario Canada 8kla@queensu.ca.
authors.forename: Kristiina L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Aasa
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario Canada Department of Cell, Tissue and Developmental Biology, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zavan
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario Canada Federal University of Pernambuco - UFPE, Recife, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rayana L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Luna
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario Canada.
authors.forename: Philip G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario Canada.
authors.forename: Nicole M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Ventura
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario Canada.
authors.forename: M Yat
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Tse
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Neurovascular Link, Vesalius Research Center, VIB, Leuven, Belgium Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Neurovascular Biology, Vesalius Research Center, Department of Oncology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Carmeliet
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario Canada.
authors.forename: Michael A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Adams
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario Canada.
authors.forename: Stephen C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Pang
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario Canada.
authors.forename: B Anne
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Croy
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology*; D002302:Cardiac Output / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression; D006321:Heart / Q000502:physiology*; D007668:Kidney / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D010920:Placenta / Q000378:metabolism; D000072483:Placenta Growth Factor; D011247:Pregnancy; D011257:Pregnancy Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: C000608036:PGF protein, human; C000608037:Pgf protein, mouse; D011257:Pregnancy Proteins; D000072483:Placenta Growth Factor; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase
keywords: cardiac remodeling; cardiovascular risk; fetal growth; placenta; ultrasound