title: Evaluation of paraprobiotic applicability of Lactobacillus plantarum in improving the immune response and disease protection in giant freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii (de Man, 1879).
abstract: Paraprobiotics, also known as ghost probiotics, are non-viable microbial cells which, when administered in adequate amounts, confer a benefit on the host. However, the advantage of non-viable microbes over their viable counterparts is a much debated topic in aquaculture. Therefore, the present study was conducted to evaluate paraprobiotic effect of heat-killed Lactobacillus plantarum on giant freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii. A 90-day feeding trial was conducted by feeding prawn juveniles (mean weight ± SE: 0.54 ± 0.03 g) with three experimental diets prepared by supplementing basal diet (Crude protein: 38%; Gross energy: 387 kcal 100 g(-1)) with different concentrations of heat-killed probiotics bacteria viz. HKPB1 (10(7) cfu g(-1) diet), HKPB2 (10(8) cfu g(-1) diet), HKPB3 (10(9) cfu g(-1) diet) and control diet (unsupplemented diet). In the present study, growth parameters viz. WG % and SGR and feed utilization parameters viz. FCE, FCR and PER, though improved marginally in all experimental groups, were found to be insignificant (P > 0.05) compared to the control. The immune parameters viz. total hemocyte count (THC), phenol oxidase (PO) activity, respiratory burst (RB) activity and clearance efficiency were significantly improved (P < 0.05) with concurrent decrease (P < 0.05) in cumulative mortality against Aeromonas hydrophila challenge in all the experimental groups except for HKPB1, where PO and RB activity did not improve significantly (P > 0.05) compared to the control. Among the experimental groups, though the improvement in immune parameters was higher (P < 0.05) in HKPB2 and HKPB3 compared to HKPB1 and the control, no significant difference (P > 0.05) was observed between HKPB2 and HKPB3. The results obtained from the present study indicate that the application of heat-killed L. plantarum at a concentration of 10(8) cfu g(-1) diet, though not effective in augmenting the growth and feed utilization parameters, can significantly improve immune parameters and disease resistance of M. rosenbergii in the laboratory condition.
authors.affiliation: Crustacean Fisheries Division, Regional Centre of CMFRI, Veraval 362 269, India. Electronic address: gyanranjandashcmfri@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Gyanaranjan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Dash
authors.affiliation: Aquatic Environment and Health Management Division, CIFE, Mumbai 400 061, India.
authors.forename: Ram Prakash
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Raman
authors.affiliation: Aquatic Environment and Health Management Division, CIFE, Mumbai 400 061, India.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Pani Prasad
authors.affiliation: Aquatic Environment and Health Management Division, CIFE, Mumbai 400 061, India.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Makesh
authors.affiliation: Marine Biotechnology Division, CMFRI, Cochin 682 018, India.
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Pradeep
authors.affiliation: Demersal Fisheries Division, Regional Centre of CMFRI, Veraval 362 269, India.
authors.forename: Swatipriyanka
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sen
mesh_terms: D000333:Aeromonas / Q000502:physiology*; D000821:Animal Feed / Q000032:analysis; D000818:Animals; D004032:Diet; D006358:Hot Temperature; D007113:Immunity, Innate / Q000187:drug effects*; D048191:Lactiplantibacillus plantarum / Q000737:chemistry*; D033541:Palaemonidae / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000502:physiology*; D019936:Probiotics / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism*
keywords: Diet supplement; Heat-killed probiotic; Immune parameters; Lactobacillus plantarum; Macrobrachium rosenbergii