title: A comprehensive expression analysis of mucins in appendiceal carcinoma in a multicenter study: MUC3 is a novel prognostic factor.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Mucins are implicated in survival in various cancers, but there have been no report addressed on survival in appendiceal carcinoma, an uncommon disease with different clinical and pathological features from those of other colon cancers. We aimed to investigate the clinical implications of expression of mucins in appendiceal carcinoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  Expression profiles of MUC1, MUC2, MUC3, MUC4, MUC5AC, MUC6, MUC16 and MUC17 in cancer tissue were examined by immunohistochemistry in 108 cases of surgically resected appendiceal carcinoma.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The following relationships of mucins with clinicopathologic factors were identified: MUC1 with positive lymphatic invasion (p = 0.036); MUC2 with histological type (mucinous carcinoma, p<0.001), superficial invasion depth (p = 0.007), negative venous invasion (p = 0.003), and curative resection (p = 0.019); MUC3 with non-curative resection (p = 0.017); MUC5AC with histological type (mucinous carcinoma, p = 0.002), negative lymphatic invasion (p = 0.021), and negative venous invasion (p = 0.022); and MUC16 with positive lymph node metastasis (p = 0.035), positive venous invasion (p<0.05), and non-curative resection (p = 0.035). A poor prognosis was related to positive lymph node metastasis (p = 0.04), positive lymphatic invasion (p = 0.02), positive venous invasion (p<0.001), non-curative resection (p<0.001), and positive expression of MUC3 (p = 0.004). In multivariate analysis, positive venous invasion (HR: 6.93, 95% CI: 1.93-24.96, p = 0.003), non-curative resection (HR: 10.19, 95% CI: 3.05-34.07, p<0.001) and positive MUC3 expression (HR: 3.37, 95% CI: 1.13-10.03, p = 0.03) were identified as significant independent prognostic factors in patients with appendiceal carcinoma.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Expression of MUC3 in appendiceal carcinoma is an independent factor for poor prognosis and a useful predictor of outcome in patients with appendiceal carcinoma after surgery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Palliative Care, Toyota Kosei Hospital, Toyota, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shibahara
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Pathology, Field of Oncology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan.
authors.forename: Michiyo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Higashi
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Pathology, Field of Oncology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan.
authors.forename: Seiya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yokoyama
authors.affiliation: Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Karine
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Rousseau
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Pathology, Field of Oncology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan.
authors.forename: Iwao
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kitazono
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Kagoshima Medical Association Hospital, Kagoshima, Japan.
authors.forename: Masahiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Osako
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Imakiire General Hospital, Kagoshima, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shirahama
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Imakiire General Hospital, Kagoshima, Japan.
authors.forename: Yukie
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tashiro
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Toyota Kosei Hospital, Toyota, Japan.
authors.forename: Yasuhiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kurumiya
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Toyota Kosei Hospital, Toyota, Japan.
authors.forename: Michihiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Narita
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Chutoen General Medical Center, Kakegawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Shingo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kuze
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Japanese Red Cross Nagoya Daini Hospital, Nagoya, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hasagawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Toyohashi Municipal Hospital, Toyohashi, Japan.
authors.forename: Takehito
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Handa City Hospital, Handa, Japan.
authors.forename: Hitoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kubota
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Meijo Hospital, Nagoya, Japan.
authors.forename: Hideaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Anjo Kosei Hospital, Anjo, Japan.
authors.forename: Toshiyuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Arai
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Anjo Kosei Hospital, Anjo, Japan.
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sakai
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Japanese Red Cross Nagoya Daiichi Hospital, Nagoya, Japan.
authors.forename: Norihiro
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yuasa
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Japanese Red Cross Nagoya Daiichi Hospital, Nagoya, Japan.
authors.forename: Masahiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fujino
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Sakashita Hospital, Nakatsugawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Shinji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kondo
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Shizuoka Saiseikai General Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshichika
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Okamoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Tokai Hospital, Nagoya, Japan.
authors.forename: Tatsuyoshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Kiryu Kosei General Hospital, Kiryu, Japan.
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hiromatsu
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Kamiiida Daiichi General Hospital, Nagoya, Japan.
authors.forename: Eiji
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sasaki
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Yamashita Hospital, Ichinomiya, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuhisa
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shirai
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Tsushima City Hospital, Tsushima, Japan.
authors.forename: Satoru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kawai
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Minami Seikyo Hospital, Nagoya, Japan.
authors.forename: Koutarou
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hattori
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Toyota Memorial Hospital, Toyota, Japan.
authors.forename: Hideki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tsuji
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Tosei General Hospital, Seto, Japan.
authors.forename: Osamu
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Okochi
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Nagoya Tokushukai General Hospital, Kasugai, Japan.
authors.forename: Masaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sakamoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Saiseikai Matsusaka General Hospital, Matsusaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Akinobu
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kondo
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Mie Prefectural General Medical Center, Yokkaichi, Japan.
authors.forename: Naomi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Konishi
authors.affiliation: Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Buffett Cancer Center, Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America.
authors.forename: Surinder K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Batra
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Pathology, Field of Oncology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan.
authors.forename: Suguru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yonezawa
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001063:Appendiceal Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009077:Mucins / Q000378:metabolism*; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011379:Prognosis; D016019:Survival Analysis; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D009077:Mucins