title: A maternal mouse diet with moderately high-fat levels does not lead to maternal obesity but causes mesenteric adipose tissue dysfunction in male offspring.
abstract: The impact of an increase in maternal fat consumption on fetal metabolic programming separately from maternal obesity remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to document the effect of in utero high-fat diet exposure on the development of metabolic syndrome characteristics in offspring. C57BL/6 female mice were fed either a control diet (10% fat) or a moderately high-fat (MHF) diet (45% fat) until delivery. All pups were fostered to mothers fed with the control diet. Pups were raised on the control diet and assessed until 35 weeks of age. The caloric intake from fat was significantly increased in the MHF dams compared with the control dams. There were no significant differences in the maternal weight at mating or at gestational Day 18 between the two groups. The MHF offspring did not become obese, but they developed hypertension and glucose intolerance. Moreover, the MHF offspring had significantly higher serum non-esterified fatty acid and triglyceride levels during the refeeding state following fasting as compared with the control offspring. Serum adiponectin levels were significantly lower, and the cell size of the mesenteric adipose tissue was significantly larger in the MHF offspring than in the control offspring. The mRNA levels of the proinflammatory macrophage markers in the mesenteric adipose tissue were significantly higher in the MHF offspring than those of the control offspring. These results suggest that in utero high-fat diet exposure causes hypertension and glucose intolerance resulting from mesenteric adipose tissue dysfunction in offspring, independently of maternal obesity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan; Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden. Electronic address: umekawa.t@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Umekawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sugiyama
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan.
authors.forename: Qinwen
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Du
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan.
authors.forename: Nao
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Murabayashi
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan.
authors.forename: Lingyun
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kamimoto
authors.affiliation: Pathology and Matrix Biology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan.
authors.forename: Toshimichi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Rakuwakai Otowa Hospital, Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Norimasa
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sagawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan.
authors.forename: Tomoaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ikeda
mesh_terms: D052242:Adiponectin / Q000097:blood; D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D048429:Cell Size; D059305:Diet, High-Fat / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; D005260:Female; D047109:Fetal Development; D018149:Glucose Intolerance / Q000209:etiology; D006949:Hyperlipidemias / Q000209:etiology; D006973:Hypertension / Q000209:etiology; D050152:Intra-Abdominal Fat / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D008262:Macrophage Activation; D008297:Male; D039382:Maternal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000151:congenital / Q000209:etiology* / Q000276:immunology / Q000503:physiopathology; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D015436:Panniculitis, Peritoneal / Q000097:blood / Q000151:congenital / Q000209:etiology* / Q000276:immunology; D011247:Pregnancy; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D052242:Adiponectin; C499919:Adipoq protein, mouse; D015415:Biomarkers; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; D014280:Triglycerides
keywords: Adipose tissue; Fetal programming; High-fat diet; Inflammation; Metabolic syndrome