title: Nonadherence and contributing factors among ambulatory patients with antidiabetic medications in Adama Referral Hospital.
abstract: The objective of this study was to determine the magnitude of nonadherence and its contributing factors among diabetic patients attending the diabetic clinic in Adama Hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  This descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out among patients with diabetes mellitus attending the diabetes mellitus clinic of Adama Referral Hospital. Every other patient was selected and data regarding their medication adherence was collected using a structured interview. Data analysis was carried out using SPSS-16.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The response rate from this study was 98.3%. A total of 270 patients were interviewed; 51.5% were males. A total of 68.1% of the patients included in the study were married. 14% were younger than 40 years, and 50% were between 40 and 60 years. 21.8% of the participants ascribed their nonadherence to forgetting to take their medications. Patients with duration of diabetes ≤5 years (82.07%) were more compliant to their medication than those with >5 years (60.8%), which was found to be statistically significant (P = 0.003). Insulin, 47%, and glibenclamide plus metformin, 43.7%, were the most commonly prescribed mono- and combination therapies, respectively. Common comorbid conditions include hypertension, 148 (54.82%), and visual impairment, 89 (32.96%). The proportion of male patients adherent to their antidiabetic medications was found to be lower than 69.78% compared to the female patients (74.81%), but the difference was not statistically significant (P > 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Most diabetic patients are currently being managed with the most effective available drugs. However the result from this study indicates that the desired blood sugar level could not be controlled and maintained adequately. This was because of poor adherence to the prescribed drug regimen and poor knowledge and practice of successful self-management.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Science, Ambo University, Oromia Region, Ethiopia.
authors.forename: Belayneh Kefale
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Gelaw
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Science, Ambo University, Oromia Region, Ethiopia.
authors.forename: Abdela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mohammed
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Science, Ambo University, Oromia Region, Ethiopia.
authors.forename: Gobezie Temesgen
authors.initials: GT
authors.lastname: Tegegne
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Science, Ambo University, Oromia Region, Ethiopia.
authors.forename: Amsalu Degu
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Defersha
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Science, Ambo University, Oromia Region, Ethiopia.
authors.forename: Muluneh
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fromsa
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Science, Ambo University, Oromia Region, Ethiopia.
authors.forename: Esayas
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tadesse
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Science, Ambo University, Oromia Region, Ethiopia.
authors.forename: Thrumurgan
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Gunasekaran
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Science, Ambo University, Oromia Region, Ethiopia.
authors.forename: Mustefa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ahmed
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000553:Ambulatory Care; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D015897:Comorbidity; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005002:Ethiopia / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006761:Hospitals; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008297:Male; D055118:Medication Adherence; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012017:Referral and Consultation; D012307:Risk Factors; D012648:Self Care; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D001786:Blood Glucose; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents