title: Pandemic preparedness with live attenuated influenza vaccines based on A/Leningrad/134/17/57 master donor virus.
abstract: Continuously evolving avian influenza viruses pose a constant threat to the human public health. In response to this threat, a number of pandemic vaccine candidates have been prepared and evaluated in animal models and clinical trials. This review summarizes the data from the development and preclinical and clinical evaluation of pandemic live attenuated influenza vaccines (LAIV) based on Russian master donor virus A/Leningrad/134/17/57. LAIV candidates of H5N1, H5N2, H7N3, H1N1 and H2N2 subtypes were safe, immunogenic and protected animals from challenge with homologous and heterologous viruses. Clinical trials of the pandemic LAIVs demonstrated their safety and immunogenicity for healthy adult volunteers. The vaccine viruses were infectious, genetically stable and did not transmit to unvaccinated contacts. In addition, here we discuss criteria for the assessment of pandemic LAIV immunogenicity and efficacy necessary for their licensure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Virology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, 12 Acad. Pavlov Street, Saint Petersburg, 195220, Russia.
authors.forename: Larisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rudenko
authors.forename: Irina
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Isakova-Sivak
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002959:Civil Defense / Q000379:methods*; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; D006801:Humans; D009980:Influenza A virus / Q000276:immunology* / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D007252:Influenza Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000276:immunology* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000821:virology; D058873:Pandemics; D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification
chemical_list: D007252:Influenza Vaccines; D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated
keywords: avian influenza; call-mediated immunity; genetic stability; herd immunity; immunogenicity; live attenuated influenza vaccine; pandemic influenza; safety; transmissibility