title: Growth patterns in the first year of life differ in infants born to perinatally vs. nonperinatally HIV-infected women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the growth patterns in the first year of life between children born to perinatally HIV-infected (PHIV) vs. nonperinatally HIV-infected (NPHIV) women in the United States.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective cohort study of HIV-infected pregnant women who received care and delivered a live-born at two urban tertiary centers from January 2004 to March 2012.
  
  
  METHODS
  We collected data via chart review on demographics, behavioral risk factors, HIV clinical markers, combination antiretroviral therapy (cART), mode of HIV acquisition, pregnancy outcomes, and infant anthropometrics on study participants. Mixed-effects models were used to assess the association between maternal mode of HIV acquisition and weight-for-age z-score (WAZ), length-for-age z-score (LAZ), and weight-for-length z-score (WLZ).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 152 pregnancies evaluated, 32 and 120 infants were born to 25 PHIV and 99 NPHIV women, respectively. Infants of PHIV women exhibited lower mean WAZ and LAZ throughout the first year of life in unadjusted analyses. After adjusting for potential confounders, the relationship between PHIV women and LAZ persisted (β = -0.54, P = 0.026). Small-for-gestational age for each birth anthropometric parameter (birth length, birth weight, and both birth length and weight) was associated with decreased LAZ (β = -0.48, P = 0.007), WAZ (β = -0.99, P < 0.001), and WLZ (β = -0.36, P = 0.027), respectively. A delivery HIV RNA level below 400 copies/ml was associated with increased WAZ and WLZ (β = 0.43, P = 0.015 and β = 0.38, P = 0.021, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Infants of PHIV women may remain at persistently decreased lengths throughout the first year of life. Further studies aimed at understanding intrauterine and environmental factors in PHIV women are warranted.
authors.affiliation: aDepartment of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Science, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York bDepartment of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine c Department of Medicine dDepartment of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai eICAP, Mailman School of Public Health and College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York fDepartment of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine gDepartment of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Science, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jao
authors.forename: Allison
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Agwu
authors.forename: Grace
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mhango
authors.forename: Annie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Kaye
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Posada
authors.forename: Elaine J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Abrams
authors.forename: Nancy
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hutton
authors.forename: Rhoda S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Sperling
mesh_terms: D001724:Birth Weight; D001835:Body Weight; D002657:Child Development / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D018445:Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical; D008297:Male; D011247:Pregnancy; D011251:Pregnancy Complications, Infectious / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000821:virology; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D014481:United States