title: Accuracy of electronic apex locators to detect root canal perforations with inserted metallic posts: an ex vivo study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The detection of possible root canal perforations caused during a metal post placement is frequently difficult to diagnose. The aim of this study was to investigate the accuracy of apex locators to diagnose such perforations.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty mesiolingual root canals of extracted mandibular molars were instrumented (30/.04) and a post space was prepared. A root canal perforation was intentionally made at the bi-furcation (n = 15). Metal posts were cemented in 15 perforated and 15 non-perforated root canals. The teeth roots were embedded in an agar-agar solution. The resulting measurements ("short" or "beyond" the apex) disclosed if a perforation could be identified with five different apex locators (ProPex II, Elements Apex Locator, Apex NRG, Raypex 5 and Raypex 6). The sensitivity and specificity (95% interval confidence) were calculated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All devices excluded the absence of perforations (100% with 95% confidence interval [78%; 100%] specificity). The Apex NRG and Raypex 6 detected all perforations (100% with 95% confidence interval [78%; 100%] sensitivity). The ProPex II, Elements Apex Locator, and Raypex 5 detected 14 out of 15 perforations (93% with 95% confidence interval [68%; 100%] sensitivity).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  All devices determined root canal perforations, due to metallic posts, within clinical acceptable ranges.
authors.affiliation: Department of Operative Dentistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany. briseno@uni-mainz.de.|Poliklinik für Zahnerhaltung, Langenbeckstr. 1, Mainz, 55131, Germany. briseno@uni-mainz.de.
authors.forename: Benjamín Briseño
authors.initials: BB
authors.lastname: Marroquín
authors.affiliation: Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico. drccortazarf@yahoo.com.mx.
authors.forename: Claudia Cortazar
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Fernández
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medical Biometrics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany. lirene.schmidtmann@unimedizin-mainz.de.
authors.forename: Irene
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Schmidtmann
authors.affiliation: Department of Operative Dentistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany. willersh@uni-mainz.de.
authors.forename: Brita
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Willershausen
authors.affiliation: Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, USAL-AOA, Buenos Aires, Argentina. liliayfer@yahoo.com.ar.
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Goldberg
mesh_terms: D003786:Dental Pulp Cavity; D004867:Equipment Design; D006801:Humans; D008963:Molar; D009811:Odontometry; D012390:Root Canal Therapy / Q000295:instrumentation*; D019227:Tooth Apex / Q000293:injuries*