title: Identification of the source of A (H10N8) virus causing human infection.
abstract: A novel H10N8 influenza A virus has been detected in three humans in China since December 2013. Although this virus was hypothesized to be a novel reassortant among influenza viruses from wild birds and domestic poultry, its evolutionary path leading to human infection is unknown. Sporadic surveillance at the live poultry market (LPM) suspected to be the source of infection for the first H10N8 patient has shown a gradual increase in influenza virus prevalence culminating with a predominance of H10N8 viruses. Influenza viruses detected in the LPM up to 8 months prior to human infection contributed genetic components to the zoonotic virus. These H10N8 viruses have continued to evolve within this LPM subsequent to the human infection, and continuous assessments of these H10N8 viruses will be necessary. Serological surveillance showed that the virus appears to have been present throughout the LPM system in Nanchang, China. Reduction of the influenza virus burden in LPMs is essential in preventing future emergence of novel influenza viruses with zoonotic and pandemic potential.
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330045, China; Department of Basic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA.
authors.forename: Yifei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330045, China.
authors.forename: Huabin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330045, China.
authors.forename: Hongyan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Basic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA.
authors.forename: Hailiang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Department of Basic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA.
authors.forename: Brigitte
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.affiliation: Department of Basic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA.
authors.forename: Yulong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330045, China.
authors.forename: Qi
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330045, China.
authors.forename: Guangfu
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.affiliation: Department of Basic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA.
authors.forename: Jianli
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xue
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330045, China.
authors.forename: Yibo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zong
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330045, China.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Department of Basic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA.
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Wen
authors.affiliation: Department of Basic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA.
authors.forename: Li-Ping
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Long
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA.
authors.forename: Sook-San
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.affiliation: Department of Basic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA.
authors.forename: Nan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Jiangxi Provincial Center for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Nanchang, Jiangxi 300006, China.
authors.forename: Xiaoshan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China.
authors.forename: Ming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Liao
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330045, China. Electronic address: hgljx@163.com.
authors.forename: Guoliang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA.
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Webby
authors.affiliation: CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, China Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; Office of Director-General, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing 102206, China.
authors.forename: George F
authors.initials: GF
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330045, China; Department of Basic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA; Institute for Genomics, Biocomputing and Biotechnology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA. Electronic address: wan@cvm.msstate.edu.
authors.forename: Xiu-Feng
authors.initials: XF
authors.lastname: Wan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002681:China; D006801:Humans; D065926:Influenza A Virus, H10N8 Subtype / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D005585:Influenza in Birds / Q000821:virology*; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000821:virology*; D010802:Phylogeny; D011200:Poultry / Q000821:virology*
keywords: Avian influenza virus; H10N8; Human infection; Live poultry market