title: Physicochemical properties, in vitro release and skin permeation studies of a topical formulation of standardized pomegranate rind extract.
abstract: The aim of the present study was to develop a stable formulation containing standardized pomegranate rind extracts (SPRE) for topical use in the treatment of dermal diseases. Ellagic acid (EA) as the major active constituent of SPRE (not less than 13%) was quantified by HPLC as an indicator for studies on the stability, in vitro drug release, and skin penetration/retention. The formulation prepared with polyethylene glycols (PEG 400 and PEG 4000) containing 5% SPRE has been found to be stable and provide a release rate of 36.6741±5.0072 μg/cm(2)/h that was best fitted to the zero-order kinetic model. EA from SPRE did not penetrate the full-thickness rat skin but the skin retention of EA was determined to be 2.22±0.16 μg/cm(2) with a total recovery of 95.14±5.51%. The results indicated that this 5% SPRE PEG ointment was of satisfactory physicochemical properties and worth further in vivo investigations.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110 Thailand.
authors.forename: Jiao
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mo
authors.affiliation: Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110 Thailand.
authors.forename: Nattha
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kaewnopparat
authors.affiliation: Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110 Thailand.
authors.forename: Sarunyoo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Songkro
authors.affiliation: Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110 Thailand.
authors.forename: Pharkphoom
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Panichayupakaranant
authors.affiliation: Departments of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110 Thailand.
authors.forename: Wantana
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Reanmongkol
mesh_terms: D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D000818:Animals; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; D003879:Dermatologic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D004355:Drug Stability; D004610:Ellagic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D005079:Excipients / Q000737:chemistry; D005638:Fruit; D007700:Kinetics; D029561:Lythraceae / Q000737:chemistry; D008297:Male; D010539:Permeability; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D010946:Plants, Medicinal; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000737:chemistry; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012867:Skin / Q000378:metabolism*; D012869:Skin Absorption; D012995:Solubility
chemical_list: D003879:Dermatologic Agents; D005079:Excipients; D010936:Plant Extracts; D004610:Ellagic Acid; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols