title: Cerebrospinal fluid neuropeptide Y levels in major depression and reported childhood trauma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Neuropeptide Y (NPY) may enhance resilience to chronic stress. Low brain NPY reported in major depression may normalize in response to antidepressants.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this study, we examined the relationship of reported childhood trauma to cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) NPY-like immunoreactivity (NPY-LI) in 61 medication-free major depressive disorder (MDD) patients and 20 matched healthy volunteers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Higher CSF NPY-LI was found in MDD compared to the healthy volunteer group (p = 0.01). A positive correlation of CSF NPY-LI with more adverse childhood trauma (p = 0.001) may be indicative of an intact but insufficient NPY-related stress response.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We hypothesize that differences in published results may be explained by the existence of two groups of MDD in terms of CSF NPY levels: MDD with low CSF NPY prior to stress or in response to stress, and those with robust NPY responses to stress. Future studies should confirm the two groups and seek the molecular mechanism for their differences.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (Dr Soleimani); Division of Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology, New York State Psychiatric Institute (Drs Oquendo, Sullivan, and Mann); Department of 3Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York (Drs Oquendo, Sullivan, and Mann); Department of Radiology, Columbia University, New York (Dr Mann); Division of Psychiatry, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (Dr Mathé).
authors.forename: Laili
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Soleimani
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (Dr Soleimani); Division of Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology, New York State Psychiatric Institute (Drs Oquendo, Sullivan, and Mann); Department of 3Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York (Drs Oquendo, Sullivan, and Mann); Department of Radiology, Columbia University, New York (Dr Mann); Division of Psychiatry, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (Dr Mathé).
authors.forename: Maria A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Oquendo
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (Dr Soleimani); Division of Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology, New York State Psychiatric Institute (Drs Oquendo, Sullivan, and Mann); Department of 3Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York (Drs Oquendo, Sullivan, and Mann); Department of Radiology, Columbia University, New York (Dr Mann); Division of Psychiatry, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (Dr Mathé).
authors.forename: Gregory M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Sullivan
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (Dr Soleimani); Division of Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology, New York State Psychiatric Institute (Drs Oquendo, Sullivan, and Mann); Department of 3Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York (Drs Oquendo, Sullivan, and Mann); Department of Radiology, Columbia University, New York (Dr Mann); Division of Psychiatry, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (Dr Mathé).
authors.forename: Aleksander A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Mathé
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (Dr Soleimani); Division of Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology, New York State Psychiatric Institute (Drs Oquendo, Sullivan, and Mann); Department of 3Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York (Drs Oquendo, Sullivan, and Mann); Department of Radiology, Columbia University, New York (Dr Mann); Division of Psychiatry, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (Dr Mathé). jjm@columbia.edu.
authors.forename: J John
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Mann
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002648:Child; D002649:Child Abuse; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009478:Neuropeptide Y / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*; D013129:Spinal Puncture; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D009478:Neuropeptide Y
keywords: CSF; childhood trauma; major depression; neuropeptide Y.