title: Contrast-enhanced MRI in preoperative assessment of myometrial and cervical invasion, and lymph node metastasis: diagnostic value and error analysis in endometrial carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the ability of contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging to predict myometrial invasion, cervical invasion, and pelvic lymph node metastasis in endometrial carcinoma and to analyze factors that lead to errors in this identification.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective study.
  
  
  METHODS
  University general hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 167 women diagnosed with endometrial carcinoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  All patients received a preoperative contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging scan. Histopathological findings were used as the definitive diagnosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  The results were compared with histopathological findings, factors that make accurate assessment of myometrial invasion, cervical invasion, and pelvic lymph node metastasis difficult by contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The sensitivity, specificity, diagnostic accuracy, positive predictive values, and negative predictive values of contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging were 90.9, 91.8, 91.6, 73.2 and 97.6%, respectively, for identifying deep myometrial invasion; 84.2, 96.0, 94.6, 72.7 and 97.9%, respectively, for identifying cervical invasion; and 45.0, 91.2, 85.6, 40.9 and 92.4%, respectively, for identifying pelvic lymph node metastasis. The main causes of error in contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging were myomas, cornual lesions, deep myometrial invasion, large tumor size, non-endometrioid tumor type, and lower tumor grade.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging has a high accuracy and a low tendency to produce false-negative predictive values. Gynecological oncologists should combine the imaging data and clinical information to make therapeutic decisions and avoid diagnostic errors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.
authors.forename: Fei
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Teng
authors.forename: Yan-Fang
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Ying-Mei
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Xu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Lang
authors.forename: Wen-Yan
authors.initials: WY
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.forename: Chang-Xin
authors.initials: CX
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Feng-Xia
authors.initials: FX
authors.lastname: Xue
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000556:secondary*; D003287:Contrast Media; D003951:Diagnostic Errors / Q000517:prevention & control*; D016889:Endometrial Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis / Q000473:pathology; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness / Q000473:pathology*; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011300:Preoperative Care / Q000379:methods*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media
keywords: Cervical invasion; endometrial carcinoma; error analysis; magnetic resonance imaging; myometrial invasion; pelvic lymph node metastasis