title: Phylum-specific regulation of resistomycin production in a Streptomyces sp. via microbial coculture.
abstract: Actinomycete genomes are encoded with immense potential to produce secondary metabolites, however standard laboratory culture experiments rarely provide the conditions under which associated biosynthetic pathways are expressed. Despite years of research attempting to access these pathways and aside from a few well-studied bacterial quorum sensing systems, little is known about the specificity of secondary metabolite regulation in bacteria, such as the conditions under which a bacterium produces an antibiotic and the extent to which it does so in recognition of a particular species in the immediate environment. In the current study, we observed that the cocultivation of a Streptomyces sp. (strain B033) with four pathogenic strains of the phylum Proteobacteria resulted in the production of the antibiotic resistomycin. After further coculture experiments, we determined that Proteobacteria induced the production of resistomycin in B033 at significantly higher rates (65%) than strains from the phyla Firmicutes (5.9%) and Actinobacteria (9.1%), supporting that the regulation of secondary metabolism in bacteria can be dependent on the species present in the immediate environment. These results suggest a lack of promiscuity of antibiotic biosynthetic pathway regulation and indicate that it is feasible to mine existing microbial strain libraries for antibiotics in a phylum-specific manner.
authors.affiliation: †Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute for Tuberculosis Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S. Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States.
authors.forename: Skylar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Carlson
authors.affiliation: †Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute for Tuberculosis Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S. Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States.
authors.forename: Urszula
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Tanouye
authors.affiliation: ‡Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Iceland, Hagi, Hofsvallagata 53, IS-107, Reykjavík, Iceland.
authors.forename: Sesselja
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Omarsdottir
authors.affiliation: †Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute for Tuberculosis Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S. Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States.
authors.forename: Brian T
authors.initials: BT
authors.lastname: Murphy
mesh_terms: D039903:Actinobacteria / Q000235:genetics; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000096:biosynthesis; D001419:Bacteria / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D001580:Benzopyrenes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D053898:Biosynthetic Pathways / Q000235:genetics*; D018920:Coculture Techniques; D015394:Molecular Structure; D053038:Quorum Sensing; D013302:Streptomyces / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D001580:Benzopyrenes; C018379:resistomycin