title: [Effects of hemoglobin on the expression and distribution of inducible nitric oxide synthase after intracerebral hemorrhage].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore the effects of hemoglobin on inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) after intracerebral hemorrhage.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 60 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into hemoglobin (Hb) and sham-operated groups (n = 30 each). And each group was divided further into 6 subgroups (6 h, 12 h, 24 h, 48 h, 3 d and 7 d). At each timepoint, their neurological behaviors were observed. The expression and distribution of iNOS in perihematomal brain tissue were detected by immunohistochemical staining. The mean optical density of iNOS was assessed and semiquantitatively analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After Hb injection, there was an onset of limb dysfunction. The Bederson score in Hb group increased significantly versus sham group (P < 0.05). At 6 hours post-injection, immunoreactivity of iNOS was obviously observed in astrocytes and inflammatory cells. In some cases, iNOS reactivity was detected in endothelial cells. Maximal expression occurred at 12 hours. The iNOS expression stay at high levels till 48 hours (P < 0.05, versus sham group) and then slowly diminished at 3 and 7 days. The iNOS expression was correlated significantly with the score of neurological behavior (r = 0.641, P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  After intracerebral hemorrhage, hemoglobin induces the expression of iNOS and participates in the course of brain edema.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Central Municipal Hospital, Zibo 255036, China. Email: gyh1787@126.com.
authors.forename: Yinghao
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.forename: Shuo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001253:Astrocytes; D001921:Brain; D002543:Cerebral Hemorrhage; D006454:Hemoglobins; D008297:Male; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D006454:Hemoglobins; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; C496318:Nos2 protein, rat