title: Cardioprotective Effect of Hydrogen-rich Saline on Isoproterenol-induced Myocardial Infarction in Rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Infusion with hydrogen gas-saturated saline has recently been reported to exert antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity that may protect against organ damage induced by oxidative stress. Therefore because oxidative stress plays a significant role in the pathophysiology of myocardial infarction (MI), the aim of our study was to investigate whether hydrogen-rich saline has cardioprotective effects against isoproterenol-induced MI in rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  An acute MI model was induced in male Wistar rats by subcutaneous injection of isoproterenol. Different doses of hydrogen-rich saline (5, 7.5, and 10 mL/kg body weight i.p.) or Vitamin C (250 mg/kg body weight i.g.) were administered to the rats. Oxidative stress indices including levels of myocardial marker enzymes, inflammatory cytokines, membrane-bound myocardial enzymes and histopathological changes were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with those in isoproterenol-MI group, hydrogen-rich saline decreased malondialdehyde and 8-hydroxy-desoxyguanosine concentrations, enhanced superoxide dismutase and Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase activity, lowered Ca(2+)-ATPase activity and decreased interleukin-6 and tumour necrosis factor-α levels in the serum and/or cardiac tissue of rats. Hydrogen-rich saline pretreatment also diminished infarct size, improved left heart function, and ameliorated pathological changes of the left heart.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  From these results, hydrogen-rich saline exerts cardiovascular protective effects against isoproterenol-induced MI at least in part via interactions which evoke antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Atherosclerosis in Universities of Shandong (Taishan Medical University), Taian, 271000, China; Department of Pharmocology, Taishan Medical University, Taian, 271000, China; Department of Pharmacy, Dongping County People's Hospital, Dongping, 271500, China.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Jing
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Atherosclerosis in Universities of Shandong (Taishan Medical University), Taian, 271000, China.
authors.forename: Yun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Atherosclerosis in Universities of Shandong (Taishan Medical University), Taian, 271000, China; Department of Pharmocology, Taishan Medical University, Taian, 271000, China. Electronic address: zhaoxiaominty@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Xiao-Min
authors.initials: XM
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Atherosclerosis in Universities of Shandong (Taishan Medical University), Taian, 271000, China; Department of Pharmocology, Taishan Medical University, Taian, 271000, China; Department of Pharmacy, Boshan District Hospital of Zibo, Boshan, 255200, China.
authors.forename: Bing
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Atherosclerosis in Universities of Shandong (Taishan Medical University), Taian, 271000, China.
authors.forename: Ji-Ju
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Atherosclerosis in Universities of Shandong (Taishan Medical University), Taian, 271000, China.
authors.forename: Shu-Cun
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Qin
authors.affiliation: Department of Diving Medicine, the Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
authors.forename: Xue-Jun
authors.initials: XJ
authors.lastname: Sun
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001707:Biopsy, Needle; D002316:Cardiotonic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004338:Drug Combinations; D006859:Hydrogen / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D007545:Isoproterenol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000473:pathology*; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012016:Reference Values; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D002316:Cardiotonic Agents; D016207:Cytokines; D004338:Drug Combinations; D015850:Interleukin-6; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D006859:Hydrogen; D007545:Isoproterenol
keywords: Hydrogen; Inflammation; Isoproterenol; Myocardial infarction; Oxidative stress