title: Protein synthesis as an integral quality control mechanism during ageing.
abstract: Ageing is manifested as functional and structural deterioration that affects cell and tissue physiology. mRNA translation is a central cellular process, supplying cells with newly synthesized proteins. Accumulating evidence suggests that alterations in protein synthesis are not merely a corollary but rather a critical factor for the progression of ageing. Here, we survey protein synthesis regulatory mechanisms and focus on the pre-translational regulation of the process exerted by non-coding RNA species, RNA binding proteins and alterations of intrinsic RNA properties. In addition, we discuss the tight relationship between mRNA translation and two central pathways that modulate ageing, namely the insulin/IGF-1 and TOR signalling cascades. A thorough understanding of the complex interplay between protein synthesis regulation and ageing will provide critical insights into the pathogenesis of age-related disorders, associated with impaired proteostasis and protein quality control.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Heraklion 70013, Crete, Greece; Department of Biology, University of Crete, Heraklion 70013, Crete, Greece.
authors.forename: Nikolaos
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Charmpilas
authors.affiliation: Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Heraklion 70013, Crete, Greece; Department of Biology, University of Crete, Heraklion 70013, Crete, Greece.
authors.forename: Ioanna
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Daskalaki
authors.affiliation: Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Heraklion 70013, Crete, Greece; Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion 70013, Crete, Greece.
authors.forename: Margarita Elena
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Papandreou
authors.affiliation: Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Heraklion 70013, Crete, Greece; Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion 70013, Crete, Greece. Electronic address: tavernarakis@imbb.forth.gr.
authors.forename: Nektarios
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tavernarakis
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D006801:Humans; D014176:Protein Biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology*; D011786:Quality Control; D012323:RNA Processing, Post-Transcriptional; D022661:RNA, Untranslated / Q000235:genetics; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D022661:RNA, Untranslated; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins
keywords: Insulin/IGF-1 signalling; Non-coding RNAs; RNA binding proteins; Ribosomes; TOR signalling; mRNA translation