title: Predictors of response to a cognitive behavioral intervention for impulse control behaviors in Parkinson's disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Limited trial evidence suggests that cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) may be effective in managing impulse control behavior (ICBs) in Parkinson's disease.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To examine predictors of outcome in trial, participants (N=42) receiving treatment immediately or after a waiting time.
  
  
  METHODS
  Dependent variables were Clinical Global Impression of Change (CGI-C) and the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI). Baseline demographic and clinical variables were independent variables.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Better CGI-C was predicted by fewer ICBs, taking a dopamine agonist, lower levodopa (l-dopa) equivalent dose (LEDD), higher social functioning, and lower NPI severity before treatment. Improvement on the NPI was predicted by lower LEDD, lower anxiety, lower baseline global clinical severity, and higher social functioning.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients with lower burden of ICBs and other psychiatric symptomatology, better social functioning, and lower dose of antiparkinsonian medication may benefit more from CBT. However, we cannot yet identify individual patients with sufficient confidence at this stage to target treatment.
authors.affiliation: King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Section of Cognitive Neuropsychiatry, Department of Psychosis studies, London, United Kingdom; Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Okai
authors.forename: Sally
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Askey-Jones
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Samuel
authors.forename: Anthony S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: David
authors.forename: Richard G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Brown
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D007174:Disruptive, Impulse Control, and Conduct Disorders / Q000209:etiology* / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000150:complications*; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: Parkinson's disease (PD); anxiety; cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT); impulse control disorders (ICD); outcome