title: Influencing circadian and sleep-wake regulation for prevention and intervention in mood and anxiety disorders: what makes a good homeostat?
abstract: All living organisms depend on homeostasis, the complex set of interacting metabolic chemical reactions for maintaining life and well-being. This is no less true for psychiatric well-being than for physical well-being. Indeed, a focus on homeostasis forces us to see how inextricably linked mental and physical well-being are. This paper focuses on these linkages. In particular, it addresses the ways in which understanding of disturbed homeostasis may aid in creating classes of patients with mood and anxiety disorders based on such phenotypes. At the cellular level, we may be able to compensate for the inability to study living brain tissue through the study of homeostatic mechanisms in fibroblasts, pluripotent human cells, and mitochondria and determine how homeostasis is disturbed at the level of these peripheral tissues through exogenous stress. We also emphasize the remarkable opportunities for enhancing knowledge in this area that are offered by advances in technology. The study of human behavior, especially when combined with our greatly improved capacity to study unique but isolated populations, offers particularly clear windows into the relationships among genetic, environmental, and behavioral contributions to homeostasis.
authors.affiliation: Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
authors.forename: Ellen
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Frank
authors.forename: Marion
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Benabou
authors.forename: Brandon
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bentzley
authors.forename: Matt
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bianchi
authors.forename: Tina
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Goldstein
authors.forename: Genevieve
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Konopka
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Maywood
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pritchett
authors.forename: Bryony
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sheaves
authors.forename: Jessica
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Thomas
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002940:Circadian Rhythm; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006706:Homeostasis; D006801:Humans; D019964:Mood Disorders / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology*; D009473:Neuronal Plasticity; D012890:Sleep; D012893:Sleep Wake Disorders / Q000235:genetics / Q000523:psychology*
keywords: anxiety disorder; circadian rhythms; genetics; homeostasis; mood disorders; psychiatry