title: Survival in patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma is predicted by HIF-1α expression.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate hypoxia inducible factor-1α's (HIF-1α) immunohistochemical expression in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) treated with radical nephrectomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and forty-eight patients were considered from those who underwent radical nephrectomy between 1983 and 1993. Archived materials were retrieved from the Institute of Pathological Anatomy for immunostaining. The features considered on the histological specimens were tumor stage, grade, as well as cellular and vascular HIF-1α expression. All considered parameters were correlated with time to recurrence (TTR) and overall survival (OS).
  
  
  RESULTS
  TTR was significantly longer in patients with low cellular HIF-1α expression; patients' survival was higher in those with low HIF-1α expression. Regarding vascular HIF-1α expression, the differences were not statistically significant when considering TTR and OS. On univariate analysis, age, clinical stage and HIF-1α cellular expression showed a significant association with OS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cellular HIF-1α is an important indicator of prognosis in patients with ccRCC; high HIF-1α expression predicts poor survival.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Specialistiche, Sezione di Urologia, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Ospedali Riuniti, Ancona, Italy d.minardi@univpm.it.
authors.forename: Daniele
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Minardi
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Molecolari, Sezione di Istologia, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy.
authors.forename: Guendalina
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lucarini
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Oncologia Medica, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Ospedali Riuniti, Ancona, Italy.
authors.forename: Matteo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Santoni
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Sanità Pubblica, Sezione di Anatomia Patologica ed Istopatologia, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Ospedali Riuniti, Ancona, Italy.
authors.forename: Roberta
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mazzucchelli
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Oncologia Medica, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Ospedali Riuniti, Ancona, Italy.
authors.forename: Luciano
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Burattini
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Specialistiche, Sezione di Urologia, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Ospedali Riuniti, Ancona, Italy.
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Conti
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Specialistiche, Sezione di Urologia, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Ospedali Riuniti, Ancona, Italy.
authors.forename: Emanele
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Principi
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Oncologia Medica, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Ospedali Riuniti, Ancona, Italy.
authors.forename: Maristella
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bianconi
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Oncologia Medica, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Ospedali Riuniti, Ancona, Italy.
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Scartozzi
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Specialistiche, Sezione di Urologia, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Ospedali Riuniti, Ancona, Italy.
authors.forename: Giulio
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Milanese
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Molecolari, Sezione di Istologia, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy.
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Di Primio
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Sanità Pubblica, Sezione di Anatomia Patologica ed Istopatologia, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Ospedali Riuniti, Ancona, Italy.
authors.forename: Rodolfo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Montironi
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Oncologia Medica, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Ospedali Riuniti, Ancona, Italy.
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cascinu
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Specialistiche, Sezione di Urologia, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Ospedali Riuniti, Ancona, Italy.
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Muzzonigro
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit / Q000378:metabolism*; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009392:Nephrectomy; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models
chemical_list: C497442:HIF1A protein, human; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit
keywords: Hypoxia inducible factor; clear cell renal cell carcinoma; overall survival; tumor grade; tumor stage