title: [Typical and non-typical magnetic resonance imaging findings of neonatal hypoglycemic encephalopathy].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyze the typical and non-typical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings of neonatal hypoglycemia encephalopathy (NHE).
  
  
  METHODS
  The clinical data and MRI findings of 20 cases with NHE were retrospectively evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among them, blood glucose values were ≤ 1.4 mmol/L (n = 18) and 2.1 mmol/L (n = 2). And 13 cases had recurrent hypoglycemia. The major clinical symptoms included convulsion, poor response, cyanosis and apnea. The typical MRI findings of abnormal signal in occipital or parietal cortex were found in 9 cases. And the involvement sites were corpus callosum (n = 4) and posterior limb of internal capsule (n = 1). Another 11 cases revealed non-typical MRI findings of damaged brain regions, involving splenium of corpus callosum (n = 8), white matte along lateral ventricle (n = 6), extensive cortical or subcortical white matter (n = 5), internal capsule (n = 3), centrum semiovale (n = 2), globus pallidus (n = 1), local cortex (frontal lobe) (n = 1), pons (n = 1), unilateral hippocampus (n = 1) and bilateral thalamus and midbrain, brain stem and medulla oblongata (n = 1).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The typical MRI findings of NHE show abnormal signal in occipital or parietal cortex. And non-typical manifestations involving multiple brain areas may be observed in cases of severe NHE.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 32500, China.
authors.forename: Yongjiao
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 32500, China.
authors.forename: Kun
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 32500, China.
authors.forename: Xinjian
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 32500, China.
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 32500, China.
authors.forename: Xiaoxia
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 32500, China.
authors.forename: Chengbing
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 32500, China.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 32500, China. Email: yanzhihanwz@163.com.
authors.forename: Zhihan
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yan
mesh_terms: D001786:Blood Glucose; D001927:Brain Diseases; D006801:Humans; D007003:Hypoglycemia; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007232:Infant, Newborn, Diseases; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents