title: Removal of Cr (VI) by a halotolerant bacterium Halomonas sp. CSB 5 isolated from sāmbhar salt lake Rajastha (India).
abstract: A halotolerant chromate reducing bacterium CSB 5 isolated from the Sambhar Salt Lake (Rajasthan) was identified as Halomonas sp. CSB 5 by 16SrDNA sequence analysis. The isolate could tolerate up to 25% NaCl (w/v) and100 μg mL-1of Chromium hexavalent in the complex medium (CM). Removal of Cr (VI) at concentration of 20, 40 and 60 μg mL-1 was found to be 98%, 90.2%, and 65.7% within a period of 60 hour.Effect of factors like pH and temperature on the total removal of Cr (VI) at 60μg mL-1concentration showed maximum removal at pH 8.0 (77.9 %) and temperature 35°C (82.6%) in 60 hour. The maximum intracellular uptake and surface adsorption (3.22 ± 0.09 and 14.16 ± 0.49 μg mg-1 dry wt.) in CMB 5 bacterium was observed at 75 μg mL-1 of Cr (VI) concentration in 45 min.The results showed that contribution of surface binding was about 4-5 fold higher than the intracellular uptake. Bacterium showed concentration dependent increase in the chromate reductase activity with saturating rate at 60 μg mL-1 concentration of chromium. The values of Km and Vmax with NADH of the bacterium was found to be 0.818 μg mL-1 and 0.085 μg mL-1.min-1.mg-1 protein, respectively. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis of Cr (VI) binding on membrane surface showed changes in wavenumber between 3300-2800 cm-1due to involvement of proteins and fatty acids in the binding of Cr (VI). The absorption peaks at wavenumbers 1654.9, 1580.3 cm-1, 1248 and 1085.6 cm-1 shifted to lower frequencies due to interaction of Cr (VI) with functional groups like amides and phosphodiester. These results suggested that the isolated CSB 5 bacterium can be used as potential bioremediating agent for removal of Cr (VI) in salt loaded waste water.
authors.affiliation: Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University Department of Environmental Science Lucknow India.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chandra
authors.affiliation: Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University Department of Environmental Science Lucknow India dpsingh_lko&commat;yahoo.com.
authors.forename: D P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Singh
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D002857:Chromium / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000378:metabolism*; D020632:Halomonas / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism*; D007194:India; D060106:Lakes / Q000032:analysis* / Q000382:microbiology; D010088:Oxidoreductases / Q000378:metabolism; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D002857:Chromium; C074702:chromium hexavalent ion; D010088:Oxidoreductases; C063243:chromate reductase