title: Factors associated with tobacco smoking and cessation among HIV-infected individuals under care in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
abstract: Worldwide the prevalence of smoking among people living with HIV/AIDS is elevated compared to the general population. This probably reflects the cluster of individual characteristics that have shared risk factors for HIV infection and smoking. A cross-sectional study, enrolling a convenience sample from a Brazilian HIV clinical cohort was conducted to evaluate the prevalence of tobacco smoking and the factors associated with current smoking and abstinence. A total of 2,775 HIV-infected individuals were interviewed: 46.2% have never smoked, 29.9% were current smokers and 23.9% were former smokers. Current smokers had a higher prevalence of alcohol and illicit drug use when compared to the other two groups. A higher proportion of heterosexual individuals were former smokers or never smokers while among men who have sex with men (MSM) a higher proportion were current smokers. Former smokers had been more frequently diagnosed with high blood pressure, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases and depression, while for current smokers lung diseases were more frequent. Former smokers and current smokers were more likely to have had any hospital admission (42.0% and 41.2%, respectively) than participants who never smoked (33.5%) (p<0.001). Multivariate model results showed that current smokers (versus never smokers) were more likely to be less educated, to report the use of alcohol, crack and cocaine and to present clinical comorbidities. Former smokers (versus current smokers) were more likely to be older, to have smoked for a shorter amount of time and to have smoked >31 cigarettes/day. MSM (compared to heterosexuals) and cocaine users (versus non-users) had lower odds of being former smokers. Considering our results, smoking cessation interventions should be tailored to younger individuals, MSM and substance users.
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Pesquisa Clínica Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, HIV/AIDS Clinical Research Center, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Thiago S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Torres
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Pesquisa Clínica Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, HIV/AIDS Clinical Research Center, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Paula M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Luz
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Pesquisa Clínica Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, HIV/AIDS Clinical Research Center, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Monica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Derrico
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Pesquisa Clínica Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, HIV/AIDS Clinical Research Center, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Departamento de Matemática, Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UniRio), Brazil.
authors.forename: Luciane
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Velasque
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Pesquisa Clínica Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, HIV/AIDS Clinical Research Center, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Eduarda
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Grinsztejn
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Pesquisa Clínica Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, HIV/AIDS Clinical Research Center, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Valdiléa G
authors.initials: VG
authors.lastname: Veloso
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Pesquisa Clínica Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, HIV/AIDS Clinical Research Center, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Sandra W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Cardoso
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Pesquisa Clínica Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, HIV/AIDS Clinical Research Center, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marília
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Santini-Oliveira
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Pesquisa Clínica Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, HIV/AIDS Clinical Research Center, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Beatriz
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Grinsztejn
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Pesquisa Clínica Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, HIV/AIDS Clinical Research Center, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Raquel Brandini
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: De Boni
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016540:Smoking Cessation; D014029:Tobacco Use Disorder