title: Playing hide-and-seek with host macrophages through the use of mycobacterial cell envelope phthiocerol dimycocerosates and phenolic glycolipids.
abstract: Mycobacterial pathogens, including Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the etiological agent of tuberculosis (TB), have evolved a remarkable ability to evade the immune system in order to survive and to colonize the host. Among the most important evasion strategies is the capacity of these bacilli to parasitize host macrophages, since these are major effector cells against intracellular pathogens that can be used as long-term cellular reservoirs. Mycobacterial pathogens employ an array of virulence factors that manipulate macrophage function to survive and establish infection. Until recently, however, the role of mycobacterial cell envelope lipids as virulence factors in macrophage subversion has remained elusive. Here, we will address exclusively the proposed role for phthiocerol dimycocerosates (DIM) in the modulation of the resident macrophage response and that of phenolic glycolipids (PGL) in the regulation of the recruitment and phenotype of incoming macrophage precursors to the site of infection. We will provide a unique perspective of potential additional functions for these lipids, and highlight obstacles and opportunities to further understand their role in the pathogenesis of TB and other mycobacterial diseases.
authors.affiliation: Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale Toulouse, France ; Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse, France.
authors.forename: Ainhoa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Arbues
authors.affiliation: Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale Toulouse, France ; Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse, France.
authors.forename: GeanCarlo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lugo-Villarino
authors.affiliation: Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale Toulouse, France ; Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse, France.
authors.forename: Olivier
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Neyrolles
authors.affiliation: Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale Toulouse, France ; Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse, France.
authors.forename: Christophe
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Guilhot
authors.affiliation: Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale Toulouse, France ; Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse, France.
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Astarie-Dequeker
mesh_terms: D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology*; D006017:Glycolipids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology*; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions; D006801:Humans; D057131:Immune Evasion; D008055:Lipids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology*; D015394:Molecular Structure; D009164:Mycobacterium Infections / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology*; D009169:Mycobacterium tuberculosis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D010636:Phenols / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D006017:Glycolipids; D008055:Lipids; D010636:Phenols; C008901:phthiocerol dimycocerosate
keywords: immune responses; lipids; macrophages; mycobacteria; pathogens; virulence