title: Epiphyseal fusion in Pan troglodytes relative to dental age.
abstract: Previous studies on different aspects of chimpanzee growth and development have documented dental eruption and development, long bone and somatic growth, and to a lesser extent, skeletal fusion. Such data are useful in comparative and evolutionary studies of growth and some aspects of life history evolution in apes and early hominids. However, few studies have integrated dental development and other aspects of skeletal development, and none of these have been able to incorporate a large study sample. This study documents dental mineralization and skeletal epiphyseal fusion in a mixed-sex sample of 155 Pan troglodytes skeletons, and aims to: a) document the pattern of dental and skeletal developmental in chimpanzees; b) compare male and female developmental patterns in chimpanzees; and c) compare these chimpanzee developmental patterns to general patterns of dental and skeletal development in published human studies. The analysis of both dental and skeletal development in this sample demonstrates clearly that dental development is complete before the fusion of the many skeletal epiphyses, in contrast to the pattern observed in humans. Age estimates for individuals were calculated using previously published regression equations for dental development and used to estimate fusion ages. These appear to be accurate in that our estimates are similar to published ranges. These data improve our understanding about chimpanzee dental and skeletal development and provide a basis for further comparison between extant apes and humans, as well as those extinct species represented by fossil partial skeletons.
authors.affiliation: Department of Archaeology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, S1 4ET, UK.
authors.forename: Conrad S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Brimacombe
authors.forename: Kevin L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Kuykendall
authors.forename: Pia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Nystrom
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000885:Anthropology, Physical; D000886:Anthropometry; D001846:Bone Development / Q000502:physiology*; D004838:Epiphyses / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D002679:Pan troglodytes / Q000254:growth & development*; D014070:Tooth / Q000254:growth & development*
keywords: Pan troglodytes; chimpanzee; developmental sequences; epiphyseal fusion