title: Effect of physical activity on age-related changes in cardiac function and performance in women.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Higher levels of physical activity are associated with reduced cardiovascular mortality but its effect on age-related changes in cardiac structure and function is unknown. The present study defines the effect of daily physical activity on age-related changes in cardiac structure, function, metabolism, and performance in healthy women.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sixty-three healthy women were grouped according to age (young, 20-30 years, n=21; middle, 40-50 years, n=22; and older, 65-81 years, n=20) and daily physical activity level (low active<7500 and high active>12,500 steps/d). Participants underwent cardiac MRI including tissue tagging and 31P spectroscopy and exercise testing with noninvasive central hemodynamic measurements. Aging was associated with increased concentric remodeling (P<0.01) and left ventricular torsion (P<0.01), and a decline in diastolic function (P<0.01), cardiac phosphocreatine:ATP ratio (P<0.01), peak exercise cardiac power output (P<0.01), and O2 consumption (P<0.01). Older high-active women demonstrated a phosphocreatine:ATP ratio and relative peak O2 consumption similar to young low-active women, and 23% and 26% higher than older low-active women (phosphocreatine:ATP ratio, 1.9±0.2 versus 1.4±0.1; P<0.05 and O2 consumption, 24.1±3.8 versus 17.8±2.0 mL/[kg·min]; P<0.01). In older women, physical activity had no effect on eccentricity ratio (0.9±0.2 versus 0.8±0.1 g/mL; P=0.19), E/A ratio (1.3±0.5 versus 1.4±0.5; P=0.66), torsion (7.6±1.7 versus 8.0°±2.1°; P=0.20), and peak cardiac power output (3.4±0.7 versus 3.4±0.8 W; P=0.91).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A higher level of daily physical activity preserves cardiac metabolism and exercise capacity with aging but has limited effect on age-related changes in concentric remodeling, diastolic function, and cardiac performance.
authors.affiliation: From the Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle Magnetic Resonance Centre (D.G.J., L.P., A.M.B., R.T., K.G.H., M.I.T.); MRC Centre for Ageing and Vitality (D.G.J., M.I.T.), and Department of Cardiology, Freeman Hospital (G.A.M.), Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; and Institute for Genetic Medicine, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom (G.A.M.). d.jakovljevic@ncl.ac.uk michael.trenell@ncl.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Djordje G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Jakovljevic
authors.affiliation: From the Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle Magnetic Resonance Centre (D.G.J., L.P., A.M.B., R.T., K.G.H., M.I.T.); MRC Centre for Ageing and Vitality (D.G.J., M.I.T.), and Department of Cardiology, Freeman Hospital (G.A.M.), Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; and Institute for Genetic Medicine, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom (G.A.M.).
authors.forename: Lida
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Papakonstantinou
authors.affiliation: From the Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle Magnetic Resonance Centre (D.G.J., L.P., A.M.B., R.T., K.G.H., M.I.T.); MRC Centre for Ageing and Vitality (D.G.J., M.I.T.), and Department of Cardiology, Freeman Hospital (G.A.M.), Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; and Institute for Genetic Medicine, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom (G.A.M.).
authors.forename: Andrew M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Blamire
authors.affiliation: From the Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle Magnetic Resonance Centre (D.G.J., L.P., A.M.B., R.T., K.G.H., M.I.T.); MRC Centre for Ageing and Vitality (D.G.J., M.I.T.), and Department of Cardiology, Freeman Hospital (G.A.M.), Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; and Institute for Genetic Medicine, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom (G.A.M.).
authors.forename: Guy A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: MacGowan
authors.affiliation: From the Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle Magnetic Resonance Centre (D.G.J., L.P., A.M.B., R.T., K.G.H., M.I.T.); MRC Centre for Ageing and Vitality (D.G.J., M.I.T.), and Department of Cardiology, Freeman Hospital (G.A.M.), Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; and Institute for Genetic Medicine, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom (G.A.M.).
authors.forename: Roy
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.affiliation: From the Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle Magnetic Resonance Centre (D.G.J., L.P., A.M.B., R.T., K.G.H., M.I.T.); MRC Centre for Ageing and Vitality (D.G.J., M.I.T.), and Department of Cardiology, Freeman Hospital (G.A.M.), Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; and Institute for Genetic Medicine, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom (G.A.M.).
authors.forename: Kieren G
authors.initials: KG
authors.lastname: Hollingsworth
authors.affiliation: From the Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle Magnetic Resonance Centre (D.G.J., L.P., A.M.B., R.T., K.G.H., M.I.T.); MRC Centre for Ageing and Vitality (D.G.J., M.I.T.), and Department of Cardiology, Freeman Hospital (G.A.M.), Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; and Institute for Genetic Medicine, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom (G.A.M.). d.jakovljevic@ncl.ac.uk michael.trenell@ncl.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Michael I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Trenell
mesh_terms: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging; D002302:Cardiac Output; D003971:Diastole; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D005080:Exercise Test; D017079:Exercise Tolerance; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008875:Middle Aged; D009043:Motor Activity; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism*; D010101:Oxygen Consumption; D010725:Phosphocreatine / Q000378:metabolism; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012737:Sex Factors; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left; D020257:Ventricular Remodeling; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D010725:Phosphocreatine; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate
keywords: aging; cardiopulmonary exercise test; heart; magnetic resonance imaging; physical activity; women