title: Combining electrochemical sensors with miniaturized sample preparation for rapid detection in clinical samples.
abstract: Clinical analyses benefit world-wide from rapid and reliable diagnostics tests. New tests are sought with greatest demand not only for new analytes, but also to reduce costs, complexity and lengthy analysis times of current techniques. Among the myriad of possibilities available today to develop new test systems, amperometric biosensors are prominent players-best represented by the ubiquitous amperometric-based glucose sensors. Electrochemical approaches in general require little and often enough only simple hardware components, are rugged and yet provide low limits of detection. They thus offer many of the desirable attributes for point-of-care/point-of-need tests. This review focuses on investigating the important integration of sample preparation with (primarily electrochemical) biosensors. Sample clean up requirements, miniaturized sample preparation strategies, and their potential integration with sensors will be discussed, focusing on clinical sample analyses.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand. natinan.bun@mahidol.ac.th.
authors.forename: Natinan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bunyakul
authors.affiliation: Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors, University of Regensburg, Regensburg 93053, Germany. antje.baeumner@ur.de.
authors.forename: Antje J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Baeumner
mesh_terms: D053000:Analytic Sample Preparation Methods / Q000295:instrumentation*; D015374:Biosensing Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation*; D055664:Electrochemical Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation*; D006801:Humans; D008904:Miniaturization / Q000295:instrumentation*; D012015:Reference Standards