title: Gastrodin: an ancient Chinese herbal medicine as a source for anti-osteoporosis agents via reducing reactive oxygen species.
abstract: Increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) are a crucial pathogenic factor of osteoporosis. Gastrodin, isolated from the traditional Chinese herbal agent Gastrodia elata, is a potent antioxidant. We hypothesized that gastrodin demonstrates protective effects against osteoporosis by partially reducing reactive oxygen species in human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMMSCs) and a macrophage cell line (RAW264.7 cells). We investigated gastrodin on osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation under oxidative stress in hBMMSCs. We also tested gastrodin on osteoclastic differentiation in RAW264.7 cells. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was used to establish an oxidative cell injury model. Our results showed that gastrodin significantly promoted the proliferation of hBMMSCs, improved some osteogenic markers, reduced lipid generation and inhibited the mRNA expression of several adipogenic genes in hBMMSCs. Moreover, gastrodin reduced the number of osteoclasts, TRAP activity and the expression of osteoclast-specific genes in RAW264.7 cells. Gastrodin suppressed the production of reactive oxygen species in both hBMMSCs and RAW264.7 cells. In vivo, we established a murine ovariectomized (OVX) osteoporosis model. Our data revealed that gastrodin treatment reduced the activity of serum bone degradation markers, such as CTX-1 and TRAP. Importantly, it ameliorated the micro-architecture of trabecular bones. Gastrodin decreased osteoclast numbers in vivo by TRAP staining. To conclude, these results indicated that gastrodin shows protective effects against osteoporosis linking to a reduction in reactive oxygen species, suggesting that gastrodin may be useful in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Qiang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: Institute of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: Institute of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Hong-Yang
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.affiliation: Institute of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xiao-Jie
authors.initials: XJ
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Institute of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jin-Zhu
authors.initials: JZ
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.affiliation: Institute of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yue-Hu
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Air Force General Hospital, People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100142, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jin-Kang
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Liu
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Zhuo-Jing
authors.initials: ZJ
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.affiliation: Institute of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, People's Republic of China. Electronic address: liujianhq@sina.com.
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001592:Benzyl Alcohols / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D002460:Cell Line; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D005960:Glucosides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D010024:Osteoporosis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control*; D010052:Ovariectomy; D053245:RANK Ligand / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism*; D000093242:Interleukin-6 Inhibitors
chemical_list: D001592:Benzyl Alcohols; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; D005960:Glucosides; D053245:RANK Ligand; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D000093242:Interleukin-6 Inhibitors; C505688:TNFSF11 protein, human; C045345:gastrodin
keywords: Gastrodin; Human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell; Osteoporosis; RAW264.7 cell; Reactive oxygen species