title: Thermodynamic properties of liquid Au-Bi-Sn alloys.
abstract: The thermodynamic properties of the liquid ternary Au-Bi-Sn alloys were determined using an electromotive force (EMF) method with an eutectic mixture of (KCl + LiCl) as liquid electrolyte. The cell arrangement was: [Formula: see text] The measurements were carried out over the temperature range from 723 K to 973 K. The compositions investigated were situated on three different cross-sections with a constant ratio of Au:Bi = 2:1, 1:1, and 1:2. The partial Gibbs free energies of Sn in liquid Au-Bi-Sn alloys were determined as a function of concentration and temperature. The integral Gibbs free energy and the integral enthalpy atT= 800 K were calculated by the Gibbs-Duhem integration. The ternary interaction parameters were evaluated using the Redlich-Kister-Muggianu polynomial.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 100083 Beijing, PR China ; Institute of Inorganic Chemistry/Material Chemistry, University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Zhongnan
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 100083 Beijing, PR China.
authors.forename: Wenxia
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.affiliation: Institute of Inorganic Chemistry/Material Chemistry, University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hindler
authors.affiliation: Institute of Inorganic Chemistry/Material Chemistry, University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Adolf
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mikula
keywords: Activity; Au–Bi–Sn alloys; Electromotive force (EMF); Lead-free solders; Thermodynamic properties