title: Postgraduate pharmacology curriculum in medical institutions in India: time for need-based appraisal and modifications.
abstract: The need to revise the curriculum for the postgraduate course (M.D.) in Pharmacology has been perceived by the academicians in India since quite some time. The changing professional requirements of the graduating students, the current scenario vis a vis animal experimentation and the emphasis of the Medical Council of India on a competency based curriculum has triggered this felt need. In spite of the fact that most medical institutions and universities in India offer postgraduate courses in pharmacology, the curriculum lacks uniformity with extreme variations observed at some places. This article attempts to analyze the existing curricula in pharmacology in India and suggest modifications that could be recommended to the suitable regulatory bodies for implementation. A revision of objectives in the three domains of learning, development of skills that help develop suitable competencies, adoption of teaching learning methods in addition to the conventional methods, and a rethink on the assessment methods have been recommended. Development and validation of alternatives skill-based modules in lieu of animal experiments are recommended. Additional skills like medical writing and communication skills, professionalism and ethics, multi and inter-disciplinary integration and collaboration and a wider exposure of students to the pharmaceutical, academic, regulatory and research institutions for onsite learning were also recommended to fulfill their future career requirements.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Christian Medical College, Ludhiana, Punjab, India.
authors.forename: Dinesh K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Badyal
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, B.J. Medical College, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India.
authors.forename: Chetna
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Desai
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Calcutta School of Tropical Medicine, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.
authors.forename: Santanu K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Tripathi
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, AIIMS, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India.
authors.forename: S P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Dhaneria
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Sujith J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Chandy
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Gauhati Medical College, Guwahati, Assam, India.
authors.forename: B K
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Bezbaruah
mesh_terms: D003479:Curriculum; D004503:Education, Medical, Graduate; D007194:India; D010600:Pharmacology / Q000193:education*
keywords: Postgraduate curriculum; competency based curriculum; education; medical