title: The anti-inflammatory potential of a moderately hydrolysed casein and its 5 kDa fraction in in vitro and ex vivo models of the gastrointestinal tract.
abstract: Bioactive peptides from milk can impart a wide range of physiological benefits without the allergies and intolerance associated with the consumption of whole milk. The objective of this study was to characterise the anti-inflammatory properties of intact sodium caseinate (NaCAS), a moderately hydrolysed NaCAS enzyme hydrolysate (EH) and its 5 kDa fraction (5kDaR), in both in vitro and ex vivo systems. In vitro, Caco-2 cells were stimulated with tumor necrosis factor (TNF) α and co-treated ± casein hydrolysates or dexamethasone (control). The inflammatory marker interleukin (IL)-8 was measured by ELISA in the supernatant at 24 h. Ex vivo, porcine colonic tissues were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and co-treated with casein hydrolysates for 3 h from which the relative expression of a panel of cytokines was measured in vitro. While the steroid dexamethasone brought about a 41.6% reduction in the IL-8 concentration in the supernatant, the 5kDaR reduced IL-8 by 59% (P < 0.05) when compared to the TNFα stimulated Caco-2 cells. In the ex vivo system, 5kDaR was associated with decreases in IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-8 and TGF-β expression and an increase in IL-17 expression (P < 0.05) relative to the LPS challenged tissues. We concluded, that a 5 kDa casein fraction demonstrates potent anti-inflammatory effects both in in vitro and ex vivo models of the gastrointestinal tract.
authors.affiliation: School of Veterinary Medicine, UCD, Belfield, Dublin. torres.sweeney@ucd.ie.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mukhopadhya
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Noronha
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bahar
authors.forename: M T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Ryan
authors.forename: B A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Murray
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Kelly
authors.forename: I B
authors.initials: IB
authors.lastname: O'Loughlin
authors.forename: J V
authors.initials: JV
authors.lastname: O'Doherty
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sweeney
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018938:Caco-2 Cells; D002364:Caseins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003907:Dexamethasone / Q000494:pharmacology; D041981:Gastrointestinal Tract / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000188:drug therapy; D020381:Interleukin-17 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D053582:Interleukin-1alpha / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D008954:Models, Biological; D008970:Molecular Weight; D013552:Swine; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D002364:Caseins; D020381:Interleukin-17; D053582:Interleukin-1alpha; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D016209:Interleukin-8; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C475729:casein hydrolysate; D003907:Dexamethasone