title: Resilience and post-traumatic stress disorder in the acute aftermath of rape: a comparative analysis of adolescents versus adults.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Rape trauma contributes significantly to the mental burden of disease, affecting resilience and vulnerabilities at every developmental life stage. Appropriate resilience-promoting strategies could potentially buffer or protect trauma-exposed individuals from psychopathology.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to assess and compare (using validated measuring instruments) resilience, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and other variables in the acute aftermath of rape, between adolescent and adult females and to assess associations with these variables.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a comparative analysis of resilience, PTSD, prior trauma, demographic variables and psychiatric morbidity in 41 adolescent and 47 adult female rape survivors six weeks post-rape. We assessed the relationship of resilience to PTSD, demographic variables and prior trauma and investigated if resilience levels predicted PTSD after adjusting for prior trauma.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found no significant differences in resilience levels between the groups, but the adolescent PTSD rate (40%) was double that in adults (20%). In adults, a significant negative correlation was evident between resilience and PTSD symptoms scores.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  More knowledge of resilience versus stress susceptibility for PTSD throughout the lifespan is needed and can inform the development of more effective clinical assessment and resilience-promoting strategies.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences , Stellenbosch University , PO Box 19063, Tygerberg 7505 , South Africa.
authors.forename: Lydia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: van der Walt
authors.forename: Sharain
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Suliman
authors.forename: Lindi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: Kees
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lammers
authors.forename: Soraya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Seedat
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D011902:Rape / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D055500:Resilience, Psychological; D013019:South Africa / Q000453:epidemiology; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology*; D017741:Survivors / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D055815:Young Adult