title: Human immunodeficiency virus-associated pulmonary arterial hypertension diagnosed postpartum.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a significant risk factor for pulmonary arterial hypertension. There is a significant added risk for maternal mortality when superimposed on the physiologic changes of pregnancy.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 37-year-old HIV-positive woman underwent caesarean delivery at 27 weeks of gestation for chorioamnionitis and malpresentation after premature rupture of membranes. Postpartum, she was diagnosed with HIV-associated pulmonary arterial hypertension, which was managed successfully with sildenafil and ambrisentan.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pulmonary arterial hypertension associated with HIV is a life-threatening complication that may occur in pregnant women with HIV. The rarity of the condition, overlapping with symptoms commonly seen in pregnancy, and its broad differential diagnosis may confound the diagnosis. Prompt recognition and therapy are required to optimize clinical outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, and the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, The Christ Hospital, Cincinnati, Ohio.
authors.forename: Tondra
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Newman
authors.forename: John M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Cafardi
authors.forename: Carri R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Warshak
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002585:Cesarean Section; D005260:Female; D006679:HIV Seropositivity / Q000150:complications*; D006801:Humans; D006976:Hypertension, Pulmonary / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000821:virology*; D049590:Postpartum Period; D011247:Pregnancy; D011251:Pregnancy Complications, Infectious / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000821:virology*