title: [Uveitic macular edema].
abstract: Macular edema may complicate anterior, intermediate, and posterior uveitis, which may be due to various infectious, tumoral, or autoimmune etiologies. Breakdown of the internal or external blood-retinal barrier is involved in the pathogenesis of inflammatory macular edema. Optical coherence tomography has become standard in confirming the diagnosis of macular thickening, due to its non-invasive, reproducible and sensitivity characteristics. Fluorescein and indocyanine green angiography allows for, in addition to study of the macula, screening for associated vasculitis, detection of ischemic areas, easy diagnosis of preretinal, prepaillary or choroidal neovascular complications, and it can provide etiological information and may be required to evaluate the therapeutic response. Treatment of inflammatory macular edema requires specific treatment in cases of infectious or tumoral etiologies. If it remains persistent, or occurs in other etiologies, anti-inflammatory treatments are needed. Steroid treatment, available in intravitreal, subconjunctival and sub-Tenon's routes, are widely used. Limitations of local use include induced cataract and glaucoma, and their short-lasting action. Such products may reveal retinal infection. Thus, bilateral chronic sight-threatening posterior uveitis often requires systemic treatment, and steroids represent the classic first-line therapy. In order to reduce the daily steroid dose, immunosuppressant or immunomodulatory drugs may be added. Certain of these compounds are now available intravitreally.
authors.affiliation: Département d'ophtalmologie, centre de référence en maladies rares, hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, département hospitalo-universitaire vision et handicap, université Pierre-et-Marie-Curie Paris VI, boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France. Electronic address: christine.fardeau@psl.aphp.fr.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fardeau
authors.affiliation: Département d'ophtalmologie, centre de référence en maladies rares, hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, département hospitalo-universitaire vision et handicap, université Pierre-et-Marie-Curie Paris VI, boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Champion
authors.affiliation: Département d'ophtalmologie, centre de référence en maladies rares, hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, département hospitalo-universitaire vision et handicap, université Pierre-et-Marie-Curie Paris VI, boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Massamba
authors.affiliation: Département d'ophtalmologie, centre de référence en maladies rares, hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, département hospitalo-universitaire vision et handicap, université Pierre-et-Marie-Curie Paris VI, boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: LeHoang
mesh_terms: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology; D001688:Biological Products / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001813:Blood-Retinal Barrier; D020256:Choroidal Neovascularization / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis; D015817:Eye Infections / Q000150:complications; D005451:Fluorescein Angiography; D006801:Humans; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007249:Inflammation; D056965:Injections, Intraocular; D008269:Macular Edema / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions; D010257:Paraneoplastic Syndromes / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D015861:Retinal Neovascularization / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis; D031300:Retinal Vasculitis / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy; D041623:Tomography, Optical Coherence; D014605:Uveitis / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D001688:Biological Products; D007155:Immunologic Factors; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions
keywords: Macular edema; Retinal vasculitis; Uveitis; Uvéites; Vasculites rétiniennes; Œdème maculaire