title: Analysis of potato virus Y coat protein epitopes recognized by three commercial monoclonal antibodies.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Potato virus Y (PVY, genus Potyvirus) causes substantial economic losses in solanaceous plants. Routine screening for PVY is an essential part of seed potato certification, and serological assays are often used. The commercial, commonly used monoclonal antibodies, MAb1128, MAb1129, and MAb1130, recognize the viral coat protein (CP) of PVY and distinguish PVYN strains from PVYO and PVYC strains, or detect all PVY strains, respectively. However, the minimal epitopes recognized by these antibodies have not been identified.
  
  
  RESULTS
  SPOT peptide array was used to map the epitopes in CP recognized by MAb1128, MAb1129, and MAb1130. Then alanine replacement as well as N- and C-terminal deletion analysis of the identified peptide epitopes was done to determine critical amino acids for antibody recognition and the respective minimal epitopes. The epitopes of all antibodies were located within the 30 N-terminal-most residues. The minimal epitope of MAb1128 was 25NLNKEK30. Replacement of 25N or 27N with alanine weakened the recognition by MAb1128, and replacement of 26L, 29E, or 30K nearly precluded recognition. The minimal epitope for MAb1129 was 16RPEQGSIQSNP26 and the most critical residues for recognition were 22I and 23Q. The epitope of MAb1130 was defined by residues 5IDAGGS10. Mutation of residue 6D abrogated and mutation of 9G strongly reduced recognition of the peptide by MAb1130. Amino acid sequence alignment demonstrated that these epitopes are relatively conserved among PVY strains. Finally, recombinant CPs were produced to demonstrate that mutations in the variable positions of the epitope regions can affect detection with the MAbs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The epitope data acquired can be compared with data on PVY CP-encoding sequences produced by laboratories worldwide and utilized to monitor how widely the new variants of PVY can be detected with current seed potato certification schemes or during the inspection of imported seed potatoes as conducted with these MAbs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural Sciences, Plant Pathology Laboratory, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Yan-Ping
authors.initials: YP
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.affiliation: Department of Virology, Peptide and Protein Laboratory, Infection Biology Research Program, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Jussi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hepojoki
authors.affiliation: Department of Virology, Peptide and Protein Laboratory, Infection Biology Research Program, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Harri
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ranki
authors.affiliation: Department of Virology, Peptide and Protein Laboratory, Infection Biology Research Program, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Hilkka
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lankinen
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural Sciences, Plant Pathology Laboratory, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Jari P T
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Valkonen
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000276:immunology*; D036022:Capsid Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology*; D018604:Epitope Mapping / Q000379:methods*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016296:Mutagenesis; D017354:Point Mutation; D040081:Protein Array Analysis; D017384:Sequence Deletion
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D036022:Capsid Proteins; C090960:coat protein, Potato virus Y