title: Biological heterogeneity of obsessive-compulsive disorder: A voxel-based morphometric study based on dimensional assessment.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Although many neuroimaging studies of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) have reported broad abnormalities in gray matter (GM), their results remain inconsistent. One reason for this inconsistency could be the heterogeneity of OCD. In the present study, we aimed to classify alterations in brain anatomy by OCD subtype.
  
  
  METHODS
  Magnetic resonance imaging examinations of 37 OCD patients and 37 matched healthy controls were conducted using a 3.0-Tesla scanner. In the voxel-based morphometric procedure, preprocessed GM structural images were used to compare the two groups, and multiple regression analysis was used to investigate the correlation between regional GM volume in OCD patients and the OCD symptom dimension type assessed by using the Dimensional Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found significant reductions in GM volume in broad areas of the left prefrontal, right orbitofrontal, right parietal, right temporal, and right posterior cingulate cortex in the OCD patients compared to healthy controls. In addition, we found specific negative correlations between symptomatic dimension scores and regional GM volumes, mainly as decreased right cerebellum in 'aggression/checking' and decreased right insula in 'contamination/washing'.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The pathophysiology of OCD may involve widely distributed neural systems. Moreover, there are distinct correlations among symptomatic dimensions and structural abnormalities.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Kayo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Okada
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Tomohiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakao
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Hirokuni
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sanematsu
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Keitaro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Murayama
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Shinichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Honda
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Human-Environment Studies, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Mayumi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tomita
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Radiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Osamu
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Togao
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Radiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yoshiura
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Shigenobu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kanba
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001284:Atrophy / Q000473:pathology; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D066128:Gray Matter / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D059906:Neuroimaging; D009771:Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: insula; magnetic resonance imaging; neuroimaging; obsessive-compulsive disorder; voxel-based morphometry