title: Obese subjects show sex-specific differences in right ventricular hypertrophy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  As right ventricular (RV) remodeling in obesity remains underinvestigated, and the impact of left ventricular (LV) diastolic dysfunction on RV hypertrophy is unknown, we aimed to investigate whether (1) sex-specific patterns of RV remodeling exist in obesity and (2) LV diastolic dysfunction in obesity is related to RV hypertrophy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seven hundred thirty-nine subjects (women, n=345; men, n=394) without identifiable cardiovascular risk factors (body mass index [BMI], 15.3-59.2 kg/m2) underwent cardiovascular magnetic resonance (1.5 T) to measure RV mass (g), RV end-diastolic volume (mL), RV mass/volume ratio, and LV diastolic peak filling rate (mL/s). All subjects were normotensive (average, 119±11/73±8 mm Hg), normoglycaemic (4.8±0.5 mmol/L), and normocholesterolaemic (4.8±0.9 mmol/L) at the time of scanning. Across both sexes, there was a moderately strong positive correlation between BMI and RV mass (men, +0.8 g per BMI point increase; women, +1.0 g per BMI point increase; both P<0.001). Whereas women exhibited RV cavity dilatation (RV end-diastolic volume, +1.0 mL per BMI point increase; P<0.001), BMI was not correlated with RV end-diastolic volume in men (R=0.04; P=0.51). Concentric RV remodeling was present in both sexes, with RV mass/volume ratio being positively correlated to BMI (men, R=0.41; women, R=0.51; both P<0.001). Irrespective of sex, the LV peak filling rate was negatively correlated with both RV mass (men, R=-0.43; women, R=-0.44; both P<0.001) and RV mass/volume ratio (men, R=-0.37; women, R=-0.35; both P<0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A sex difference in RV remodeling exists in obesity. Whereas men exhibit concentric RV remodeling, women exhibit a mixed pattern of eccentric and concentric remodeling. Regardless of sex, reduced LV diastolic function is associated with concentric RV remodeling.
authors.affiliation: From the Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research (O.J.R., A.J.M.L., N.N., R. N., J.M.F., A.P., R.B., S.N.) and Oxford Clinical Cardiovascular Research Facility (A.J.L., P.L.), Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; and William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary, University of London, London, United Kingdom (S.E.P.). oliver.rider@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Oliver J
authors.initials: OJ
authors.lastname: Rider
authors.affiliation: From the Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research (O.J.R., A.J.M.L., N.N., R. N., J.M.F., A.P., R.B., S.N.) and Oxford Clinical Cardiovascular Research Facility (A.J.L., P.L.), Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; and William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary, University of London, London, United Kingdom (S.E.P.).
authors.forename: Andrew J M
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Lewis
authors.affiliation: From the Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research (O.J.R., A.J.M.L., N.N., R. N., J.M.F., A.P., R.B., S.N.) and Oxford Clinical Cardiovascular Research Facility (A.J.L., P.L.), Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; and William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary, University of London, London, United Kingdom (S.E.P.).
authors.forename: Adam J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Lewandowski
authors.affiliation: From the Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research (O.J.R., A.J.M.L., N.N., R. N., J.M.F., A.P., R.B., S.N.) and Oxford Clinical Cardiovascular Research Facility (A.J.L., P.L.), Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; and William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary, University of London, London, United Kingdom (S.E.P.).
authors.forename: Ntobeko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ntusi
authors.affiliation: From the Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research (O.J.R., A.J.M.L., N.N., R. N., J.M.F., A.P., R.B., S.N.) and Oxford Clinical Cardiovascular Research Facility (A.J.L., P.L.), Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; and William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary, University of London, London, United Kingdom (S.E.P.).
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nethononda
authors.affiliation: From the Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research (O.J.R., A.J.M.L., N.N., R. N., J.M.F., A.P., R.B., S.N.) and Oxford Clinical Cardiovascular Research Facility (A.J.L., P.L.), Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; and William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary, University of London, London, United Kingdom (S.E.P.).
authors.forename: Steffen E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Petersen
authors.affiliation: From the Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research (O.J.R., A.J.M.L., N.N., R. N., J.M.F., A.P., R.B., S.N.) and Oxford Clinical Cardiovascular Research Facility (A.J.L., P.L.), Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; and William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary, University of London, London, United Kingdom (S.E.P.).
authors.forename: Jane M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Francis
authors.affiliation: From the Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research (O.J.R., A.J.M.L., N.N., R. N., J.M.F., A.P., R.B., S.N.) and Oxford Clinical Cardiovascular Research Facility (A.J.L., P.L.), Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; and William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary, University of London, London, United Kingdom (S.E.P.).
authors.forename: Alex
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pitcher
authors.affiliation: From the Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research (O.J.R., A.J.M.L., N.N., R. N., J.M.F., A.P., R.B., S.N.) and Oxford Clinical Cardiovascular Research Facility (A.J.L., P.L.), Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; and William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary, University of London, London, United Kingdom (S.E.P.).
authors.forename: Rajarshi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Banerjee
authors.affiliation: From the Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research (O.J.R., A.J.M.L., N.N., R. N., J.M.F., A.P., R.B., S.N.) and Oxford Clinical Cardiovascular Research Facility (A.J.L., P.L.), Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; and William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary, University of London, London, United Kingdom (S.E.P.).
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Leeson
authors.affiliation: From the Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research (O.J.R., A.J.M.L., N.N., R. N., J.M.F., A.P., R.B., S.N.) and Oxford Clinical Cardiovascular Research Facility (A.J.L., P.L.), Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; and William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary, University of London, London, United Kingdom (S.E.P.).
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Neubauer
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological; D000328:Adult; D015992:Body Mass Index; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D017380:Hypertrophy, Right Ventricular / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D019028:Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Cine; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left; D016278:Ventricular Function, Right; D020257:Ventricular Remodeling; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: diastole; hypertrophy, right ventricular; obesity; sex