title: Immunohistochemical study of KiSS1 and KiSS1R expression in human primary breast cancer: Association with breast cancer receptor status, proliferation markers and clinicopathological features.
abstract: Recent studies have raised doubts about the protective role of KiSS1/KiSS1R in breast malignancy progression. However, the role of the KiSS1/KiSS1R system in primary breast cancer remains largely unknown. The aim of the present study was to characterize the biology and invasiveness potential of primary breast cancer through evaluation of KiSS1/KiSS1R protein expression and cellular localization with regard to lymph node metastasis status, receptor status (ERs, PR and HER-2/neu), and expression of aromatase, MMP-9, Ki-67 and Cyclin D1 in primary invasive breast cancer tissues. We showed increased protein expression of both KiSS1/KiSS1R and MMP-9 in the cancerous tissues compared with noncancerous tissue adjacent to the breast tumour. In the studied group of breast cancer samples, we observed a positive correlation between KiSS1 and MMP-9. We also showed a positive correlation between KiSS1R and aromatase expression in all studied breast cancers. We did not notice any associations between system and cell cycle regulators. KiSS1/KiSS1R did not correlate either with Cyclin D1 and Ki-67 or with receptor status. However, we showed higher levels of KiSS1R expression in ERα-negative cases than in ERα-positive cases in patients with lymph node metastasis. Present data do not confirm the protective role of KiSS1/KiSS1R in breast cancer progression, but our results do support the hypothesis that the KiSS1/KiSS1R system is activated even in primary breast cancer and sustained during invasion to local lymph nodes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Reproduction and Gynecological Endocrinology, Medical University of Bialystok, Poland. kasia.jarzabek@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Katarzyna
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Jarzabek
authors.affiliation: Department of General Pathomorphology, Medical University of Bialystok, Poland.
authors.forename: Mariusz
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Koda
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Oncology, Internal Affairs Hospital, Bialystok, Poland.
authors.forename: Leszek
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kozlowski
authors.affiliation: Department of Statistics and Medical Informatics, Medical University of Bialystok, Poland.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Milewski
authors.affiliation: Department of Reproduction and Gynecological Endocrinology, Medical University of Bialystok, Poland.
authors.forename: Slawomir
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wolczynski
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001940:Breast / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D018270:Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D018275:Carcinoma, Lobular / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D018450:Disease Progression; D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D059648:Kisspeptins / Q000378:metabolism*; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis / Q000473:pathology*; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000378:metabolism; D008875:Middle Aged; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled / Q000378:metabolism*; D000074502:Receptors, Kisspeptin-1; D011980:Receptors, Progesterone / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha; C118688:KISS1R protein, human; D059648:Kisspeptins; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled; D000074502:Receptors, Kisspeptin-1; D011980:Receptors, Progesterone; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9