title: Current concepts in diabetic retinopathy.
abstract: For the past several decades, tremendous efforts have been made to decrease the complications of diabetes, including diabetic retinopathy. New diagnostic modalities like ultrawide field fundus fluorescein angiography and spectral domain optical coherence tomography has allowed more accurate diagnosis of early diabetic retinopathy and diabetic macular edema. Antivascular endothelial growth factors are now extensively used to treat diabetic retinopathy and macular edema with promising results. There remains uncertainty over the long term effects and the socioeconomic costs of these agents.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Su Jeong
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
authors.forename: Tien Yin
authors.initials: TY
authors.lastname: Wong
keywords: Diabetic retinopathy; Epidemiology; Vascular endothelial growth factor