title: Neurofeedback training of alpha-band coherence enhances motor performance.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Neurofeedback training of motor cortex activations with brain-computer interface systems can enhance recovery in stroke patients. Here we propose a new approach which trains resting-state functional connectivity associated with motor performance instead of activations related to movements.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten healthy subjects and one stroke patient trained alpha-band coherence between their hand motor area and the rest of the brain using neurofeedback with source functional connectivity analysis and visual feedback.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seven out of ten healthy subjects were able to increase alpha-band coherence between the hand motor cortex and the rest of the brain in a single session. The patient with chronic stroke learned to enhance alpha-band coherence of his affected primary motor cortex in 7 neurofeedback sessions applied over one month. Coherence increased specifically in the targeted motor cortex and in alpha frequencies. This increase was associated with clinically meaningful and lasting improvement of motor function after stroke.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results provide proof of concept that neurofeedback training of alpha-band coherence is feasible and behaviorally useful.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study presents evidence for a role of alpha-band coherence in motor learning and may lead to new strategies for rehabilitation.
authors.affiliation: Division of Neurorehabilitation, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University Hospital Geneva, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Anais
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mottaz
authors.affiliation: Division of Neurorehabilitation, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University Hospital Geneva, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Solcà
authors.affiliation: Division of Neurorehabilitation, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University Hospital Geneva, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Cécile
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Magnin
authors.affiliation: Division of Neurorehabilitation, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University Hospital Geneva, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Tiffany
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Corbet
authors.affiliation: Division of Neurorehabilitation, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University Hospital Geneva, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Armin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schnider
authors.affiliation: Division of Neurorehabilitation, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University Hospital Geneva, Switzerland. Electronic address: aguggis@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Adrian G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Guggisberg
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000513:Alpha Rhythm / Q000502:physiology*; D001931:Brain Mapping / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007092:Imagination / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D009044:Motor Cortex / Q000502:physiology*; D058765:Neurofeedback / Q000379:methods* / Q000502:physiology*; D010775:Photic Stimulation / Q000379:methods; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000502:physiology*
keywords: Brain–computer interface; Functional connectivity; Resting-state; Stroke