title: Optogenetic activation of cholinergic neurons in the PPT or LDT induces REM sleep.
abstract: Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep is an important component of the natural sleep/wake cycle, yet the mechanisms that regulate REM sleep remain incompletely understood. Cholinergic neurons in the mesopontine tegmentum have been implicated in REM sleep regulation, but lesions of this area have had varying effects on REM sleep. Therefore, this study aimed to clarify the role of cholinergic neurons in the pedunculopontine tegmentum (PPT) and laterodorsal tegmentum (LDT) in REM sleep generation. Selective optogenetic activation of cholinergic neurons in the PPT or LDT during non-REM (NREM) sleep increased the number of REM sleep episodes and did not change REM sleep episode duration. Activation of cholinergic neurons in the PPT or LDT during NREM sleep was sufficient to induce REM sleep.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114; and Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, vandortc@mit.edu enb@neurostat.mit.edu.
authors.forename: Christa J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Van Dort
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114; and Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Picower Institute for Learning and Memory.
authors.forename: Daniel P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Zachs
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114; and Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Picower Institute for Learning and Memory.
authors.forename: Jonathan D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Kenny
authors.affiliation: Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences.
authors.forename: Shu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.affiliation: Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139.
authors.forename: Rebecca R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Goldblum
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114; and Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Picower Institute for Learning and Memory.
authors.forename: Noah A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Gelwan
authors.affiliation: Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Picower Institute for Learning and Memory.
authors.forename: Daniel M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Ramos
authors.affiliation: Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139.
authors.forename: Michael A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Nolan
authors.affiliation: Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Picower Institute for Learning and Memory.
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, McGovern Institute for Brain Research.
authors.forename: Feng-Ju
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Weng
authors.affiliation: Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, McGovern Institute for Brain Research.
authors.forename: Yingxi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Picower Institute for Learning and Memory.
authors.forename: Matthew A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114; and Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, and vandortc@mit.edu enb@neurostat.mit.edu.
authors.forename: Emery N
authors.initials: EN
authors.lastname: Brown
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000075402:Channelrhodopsins; D002795:Choline O-Acetyltransferase / Q000235:genetics; D059329:Cholinergic Neurons / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D005336:Fiber Optic Technology; D008164:Luminescent Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D062308:Optogenetics; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012895:Sleep, REM / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D013681:Tegmentum Mesencephali / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology*; D014851:Wakefulness / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D000075402:Channelrhodopsins; D008164:Luminescent Proteins; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; C054562:yellow fluorescent protein, Bacteria; D002795:Choline O-Acetyltransferase
keywords: acetylcholine; mesopontine tegmentum; mouse; optogenetics; rapid eye movement sleep