title: Pathology and clinical presentation of friction injuries: case series and literature review.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Effective wound management is dependent, in part, on identification and correction of causative factors. Trunk wounds can be caused by pressure, shear, moisture, friction, or some combination of these factors. Wounds caused by moisture and/or friction are frequently mislabeled as pressure ulcers.
  
  
  METHODS
  This article presents a series of 45 patients who developed skin injuries on the medial buttocks and/or posterior thighs that the author believes were caused primarily by friction damage to the skin. The lesions were not located over palpable bony prominences and are therefore unlikely to be pressure ulcers. They were not located in skin folds and are unlikely to represent intertriginous dermatitis. Clinical data related to these 45 patients are presented, as are the location and characteristics of the lesions. These characteristics are discussed in relation to current literature regarding the pathology and clinical presentation of wounds caused by pressure, moisture, and friction.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It is critical for wound clinicians and staff nurses to accurately identify the etiology of any wound. Wounds located on fleshy prominences exposed to repetitive friction should be labeled as friction injuries.
authors.affiliation: Christine Thies Berke, MSN, APRN-NP, CWOCN-AP, AGPCNP-BC, The Nebraska Medical Center, Center for Wound Healing, Omaha.
authors.forename: Christine Thies
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Berke
mesh_terms: D002081:Buttocks / Q000098:blood supply / Q000293:injuries; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D017276:Friction; D006801:Humans; D011312:Pressure / Q000009:adverse effects; D003668:Pressure Ulcer / Q000209:etiology*; D012867:Skin / Q000294:innervation / Q000473:pathology; D013848:Thigh / Q000098:blood supply / Q000293:injuries; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000473:pathology*