title: Female genital tract chronic graft-versus-host disease: review of the literature.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) is the most common late complication of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). Although the involvement of skin, oral cavity, eyes, liver and gut is well-described, gynaecological manifestations are rare, often undiagnosed and untreated.
  
  
  METHODS
  A selective literature search of articles in English language, published from 1982 to 2014 (indexed in PubMed) was performed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Genital cGVHD is characterised by polymorphic clinical manifestations with sclerotic changes of the vulva and vagina. Introital stenosis or complete vaginal closure were reported in severe cases. Thus, cGVHD can seriously affect female sexual function and the overall quality of life. A prompt diagnosis and an appropriate therapy may prevent the development of severe forms and the need for surgery. Thus, a systematic specialized gynaecological consultation should be performed early in every allo-HSCT recipient as part of the routine post-transplantation management, even in asymptomatic women.
authors.affiliation: Woman's Health Sciences Department, Gynaecologic Section, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy ciavattini.a@libero.it.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ciavattini
authors.affiliation: Woman's Health Sciences Department, Gynaecologic Section, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy.
authors.forename: Nicolò
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Clemente
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D005831:Genital Diseases, Female / Q000209:etiology / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy*; D006086:Graft vs Host Disease / Q000209:etiology / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy*; D018380:Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000276:immunology; D014184:Transplantation, Homologous
keywords: Graft-versus-host disease; chronic GVHD; genital GVHD; review