title: Appetite-regulatory hormone responses on the day following a prolonged bout of moderate-intensity exercise.
abstract: Exercise increases energy expenditure however acutely this does not cause compensatory changes in appetite or food intake. This unresponsiveness contrasts the rapid counter-regulatory changes seen after food restriction. The present investigation examined whether corrective changes in appetite-regulatory parameters occur after a time delay, namely, on the day after a single bout of exercise. Nine healthy males completed two, two-day trials (exercise & control) in a random order. On the exercise trial participants completed 90 min of moderate-intensity treadmill running on day one (10:30-12:00h). On day two appetite-regulatory hormones and subjective appetite perceptions were assessed frequently in response to two test meals provided at 08:00 and 12:00 h. Identical procedures occurred in the control trial except no exercise was performed on day one. Circulating levels of leptin were reduced on the day after exercise (AUC 5841 ± 3335 vs. 7266 ± 3949 ng(-1)·mL(-1)·7h, P=0.012). Conversely, no compensatory changes were seen for circulating acylated ghrelin, total PYY, insulin or appetite perceptions. Unexpectedly, levels of acylated ghrelin were reduced on the exercise trial following the second test meal on day two (AUC 279 ± 136 vs. 326 ± 136 pg(-1)·mL(-1)·3h, P=0.021). These findings indicate that short-term energy deficits induced by exercise initially prompt a compensatory response by chronic but not acute hormonal regulators of appetite and energy balance. Within this 24h time-frame however there is no conscious recognition of the perturbation to energy balance.
authors.affiliation: School of Sport, Exercise & Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, UK; Leicester-Loughborough Diet, Lifestyle & Physical Activity Biomedical Research Unit, UK. Electronic address: J.A.King@lboro.ac.uk.
authors.forename: James A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: King
authors.affiliation: School of Sport, Exercise & Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, UK.
authors.forename: Jack O
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: Garnham
authors.affiliation: School of Sport, Exercise & Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, UK; Leicester-Loughborough Diet, Lifestyle & Physical Activity Biomedical Research Unit, UK.
authors.forename: Andrew P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Jackson
authors.affiliation: School of Sport, Exercise & Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, UK.
authors.forename: Benjamin M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Kelly
authors.affiliation: School of Sport, Exercise & Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, UK; Leicester-Loughborough Diet, Lifestyle & Physical Activity Biomedical Research Unit, UK.
authors.forename: Soteris
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Xenophontos
authors.affiliation: College of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
authors.forename: Myra A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Nimmo
mesh_terms: D001066:Appetite / Q000502:physiology*; D004435:Eating / Q000502:physiology; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D054439:Ghrelin / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood*; D020738:Leptin / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D019894:Peptide YY / Q000097:blood*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D054439:Ghrelin; D007328:Insulin; D020738:Leptin; D019894:Peptide YY
keywords: Appetite regulation; Compensation; Exercise; Gut peptides