title: Note: Sample chamber for in situ x-ray absorption spectroscopy studies of battery materials.
abstract: In situ x-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) provides element-specific characterization of both crystalline and amorphous phases and enables direct correlations between electrochemical performance and structural characteristics of cathode and anode materials. In situ XAS measurements are very demanding to the design of the experimental setup. We have developed a sample chamber that provides electrical connectivity and inert atmosphere for operating electrochemical cells and also accounts for x-ray interactions with the chamber and cell materials. The design of the sample chamber for in situ measurements is presented along with example XAS spectra from anode materials in operating pouch cells at the Zn and Sn K-edges measured in fluorescence and transmission modes, respectively.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics and CSRRI, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois 60616, USA.
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Pelliccione
authors.affiliation: Energy Systems Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA.
authors.forename: E V
authors.initials: EV
authors.lastname: Timofeeva
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics and CSRRI, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois 60616, USA.
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Katsoudas
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics and CSRRI, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois 60616, USA.
authors.forename: C U
authors.initials: CU
authors.lastname: Segre