title: A two-year follow-up of oral antioxidant supplementation in primary open-angle glaucoma: an open-label, randomized, controlled trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effect of oral antioxidant supplementation (OAS) on primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) over a 2-year follow-up period.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this open-label, randomized controlled trial, 117 eyes of 117 patients with mild or moderate POAG and intraocular pressure under control with topical antiglaucoma medications were recruited and randomly divided into three groups according to supplementation: (1) OAS with (ICAPS R(®) - Alcon Laboratories, n = 26); (2) OAS without ω-3 fatty acids (OFTAN MACULA(®) - Laboratorios Esteve, n = 28); and (3) a control group without OAS (n = 63). They all underwent visual field (VF) tests (Humphrey 24-2) and scans using a Fourier-domain optical coherence tomography (FD-OCT) device (RTVue-100) at the beginning of the study and 2 years later. Mean deviation (MD), standard pattern deviation (PSD), peripapillary retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) and macular ganglion cell complex (GCC) parameters were considered for the analysis. Patients were also classified according to MD deterioration (fast deterioration vs. slow deterioration).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Visual field global indices, peripapillary RNFL thickness and macular GCC thickness showed no differences among the groups at the beginning and end of the follow-up. Besides all the comparisons among groups for differences before and after the follow-up of the MD, PSD, RNFL and GCC parameters were also non-significant. The proportions of patients according to MD deterioration were similar among the groups and subgroups (p > 0.05 for all the comparisons).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Oral antioxidant supplementation with or without ω-3 fatty acids does not appear useful as an adjuvant treatment of mild/moderate POAG in the short term.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Huercal Overa Hospital, Almeria, Spain.|Department of Ophthalmology, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Murcia, Spain.|Department of Ophthalmology and Optometry, School of Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.|Ophthalmology Research Unit "Santiago Grisolia", Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: Jose Javier
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Garcia-Medina
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Torrecardenas Hospital, Almeria, Spain.|Head of the Andalusian Ophthalmic Research Group (GIAO), Almería, Spain.
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Garcia-Medina
authors.affiliation: Eastern Andalusian Biosanitary Research Foundation "Alejandro Otero" (FIBAO), Torrecardenas Hospital, Almeria, Spain.
authors.forename: Pablo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Garrido-Fernandez
authors.affiliation: Eastern Andalusian Biosanitary Research Foundation "Alejandro Otero" (FIBAO), Torrecardenas Hospital, Almeria, Spain.
authors.forename: Jose
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Galvan-Espinosa
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, University of Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain.
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Garcia-Maturana
authors.affiliation: Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Preventive Medicine & Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: Vicente
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Zanon-Moreno
authors.affiliation: Ophthalmology Research Unit "Santiago Grisolia", Valencia, Spain.|Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: Maria Dolores
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Pinazo-Duran
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000368:Aged; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3 / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005902:Glaucoma, Open-Angle / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D007429:Intraocular Pressure / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009412:Nerve Fibers / Q000187:drug effects; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012165:Retinal Ganglion Cells / Q000187:drug effects; D041623:Tomography, Optical Coherence; D014792:Visual Acuity / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D058609:Visual Field Tests; D014794:Visual Fields / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3
keywords: antioxidant; ganglion cell; glaucoma; omega-3 fatty acids; optical coherence tomography; oxidative stress