title: Related factors of fetal loss in Chinese women with systemic lupus erythematosus: data from Chinese SLE Treatment and Research Group registry IV.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the factors associated with fetal loss in Chinese women with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in a large cohort of SLE patients in the CSTAR (Chinese SLE Treatment and Research Group) registry.
  
  
  METHODS
  We compared the clinical characteristics and auto-antibody profiles between SLE patients with fetal loss and SLE patients with normal pregnancies. The relationship between selected variables and fetal loss was examined by univariate analysis and binary logistic regression analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 992 patients with 2026 pregnancies were recruited. Fifty women experienced fetal loss, including 49 spontaneous abortion, eight stillbirths and three neonatal deaths. The overall fetal loss rate was 3.0% (60/2026). Arthritis and serositis were observed significantly more frequently (P < 0.05) in normal pregnancy women. The rate of thrombocytopenia was significantly increased in patients with fetal loss (30.0% vs. 16.1%, P = 0.010), while there was no statistically significant difference in the frequency of nephropathy, central nervous system involvement between the normal pregnancy group and fetal loss group. Factors that associated with fetal loss included anti-phospholipid antibodies (aPL) (OR 2.299; 95% CI 1.058-4.993; P = 0.035) and anti-Sjögren syndrome antigen A (SSA) antibody (OR 2.283; 95% CI 1.275-4.088; P = 0.005), and thrombocytopenia (OR 2.241; 95% CI 1.192-4.213; P = 0.012). However, arthritis (OR 0.544, 95% CI 0.307-0.965, P = 0.037) was associated with favorable fetal outcome.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both univariate analysis and binary logistic regression analysis suggest that thrombocytopenia, aPL antibodies and anti-SSA antibody are associated with fetal loss in Chinese SLE women, while arthritis may be a possible factor related to favorable pregnancy outcome.
authors.affiliation: Department of Rheumatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Xinping
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.affiliation: Department of Rheumatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Mengtao
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Rheumatology, the Fourth People's Hospital of Shenzhen Affiliated to Guangdong Medical College, Shenzhen, China.
authors.forename: Zhizhong
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.affiliation: Department of Rheumatology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Xiao
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Rheumatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
authors.forename: Shengyun
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Rheumatology, the People's Hospital of Xinjiang Autonomous, Urumqi, China.
authors.forename: Lijun
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Rheumatology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital Affiliated to the Ministry of Health of PRC, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Department of Rheumatology, Sino-Japanese friendship Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.
authors.forename: Liqi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bi
authors.affiliation: Department of Rheumatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
authors.forename: Xiaoxia
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zuo
authors.affiliation: Department of Rheumatology, the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China.
authors.forename: Lingyun
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Department of Rheumatology, Beijing Hospital Affiliated to the Ministry of Health of PRC, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Cibo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Department of Rheumatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Jiuliang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Department of Rheumatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Fengchun
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Rheumatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Department of Rheumatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Xiaofeng
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zeng
mesh_terms: D000022:Abortion, Spontaneous / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000208:ethnology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000276:immunology; D000328:Adult; D000974:Antibodies, Antinuclear / Q000097:blood; D017152:Antibodies, Antiphospholipid / Q000097:blood; D044466:Asian People; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D016015:Logistic Models; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000208:ethnology / Q000276:immunology; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D066087:Perinatal Death / Q000209:etiology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D012042:Registries; D012307:Risk Factors; D050497:Stillbirth / Q000208:ethnology; D013921:Thrombocytopenia / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000208:ethnology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000974:Antibodies, Antinuclear; D017152:Antibodies, Antiphospholipid; D015415:Biomarkers; C035356:SS-A antibodies
keywords: Chinese registry; fetal loss; risk factor; systemic upus erythematosus