title: Enhancement of a robust arcuate GABAergic input to gonadotropin-releasing hormone neurons in a model of polycystic ovarian syndrome.
abstract: Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), the leading cause of female infertility, is associated with an increase in luteinizing hormone (LH) pulse frequency, implicating abnormal steroid hormone feedback to gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons. This study investigated whether modifications in the synaptically connected neuronal network of GnRH neurons could account for this pathology. The PCOS phenotype was induced in mice following prenatal androgen (PNA) exposure. Serial blood sampling confirmed that PNA elicits increased LH pulse frequency and impaired progesterone negative feedback in adult females, mimicking the neuroendocrine abnormalities of the clinical syndrome. Imaging of GnRH neurons revealed greater dendritic spine density that correlated with increased putative GABAergic but not glutamatergic inputs in PNA mice. Mapping of steroid hormone receptor expression revealed that PNA mice had 59% fewer progesterone receptor-expressing cells in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus (ARN). To address whether increased GABA innervation to GnRH neurons originates in the ARN, a viral-mediated Cre-lox approach was taken to trace the projections of ARN GABA neurons in vivo. Remarkably, projections from ARN GABAergic neurons heavily contacted and even bundled with GnRH neuron dendrites, and the density of fibers apposing GnRH neurons was even greater in PNA mice (56%). Additionally, this ARN GABA population showed significantly less colocalization with progesterone receptor in PNA animals compared with controls. Together, these data describe a robust GABAergic circuit originating in the ARN that is enhanced in a model of PCOS and may underpin the neuroendocrine pathophysiology of the syndrome.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Neuroendocrinology and Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Aleisha M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.affiliation: Centre for Neuroendocrinology and Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Mel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Prescott
authors.affiliation: Centre for Neuroendocrinology and Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Christopher J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Marshall
authors.affiliation: Centre for Neuroendocrinology and Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Siew Hoong
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Yip
authors.affiliation: Centre for Neuroendocrinology and Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand rebecca.campbell@otago.ac.nz.
authors.forename: Rebecca E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Campbell
mesh_terms: D000728:Androgens / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000818:Animals; D001111:Arcuate Nucleus of Hypothalamus / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D059330:GABAergic Neurons / Q000502:physiology*; D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone / Q000502:physiology; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D009490:Neurosecretory Systems / Q000503:physiopathology; D011085:Polycystic Ovary Syndrome / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; D011980:Receptors, Progesterone / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D000728:Androgens; D011980:Receptors, Progesterone; D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone
keywords: GABA; GnRH; PCOS; luteinizing hormone; progesterone receptor