title: Human papillomavirus genotypes among females in Mexico: a study from the Mexican institute for social security.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aetiological relationship between human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and cervical cancer (CC) is widely accepted. Our goal was to determine the prevalence of HPV types in Mexican women attending at the Mexican Institute for Social Security from different areas of Mexico.
  
  
  METHODS
  DNAs from 2,956 cervical samples were subjected to HPV genotyping: 1,020 samples with normal cytology, 931 with low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LGSIL), 481 with high grade HGSIL and 524 CC.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall HPV prevalence was 67.1%. A total of 40 HPV types were found; HPV16 was detected in 39.4% of the HPV-positive samples followed by HPV18 at 7.5%, HPV31 at 7.1%, HPV59 at 4.9%, and HPV58 at 3.2%. HPV16 presented the highest prevalence both in women with altered or normal cytology and HPV 18 presented a minor prevalence as reported worldwide. The prevalence ratio (PR) was calculated for the HPV types. The analysis of PR showed that HPV16 presents the highest association with CC, HPV 31, -33, -45, -52 and -58 also demonstrating a high association.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The most prevalent HPV types in cervical cancer samples were -16, -18, -31, but it is important to note that we obtained a minor prevalence of HPV18 as reported worldwide, and that HPV58 and -52 also were genotypes with an important prevalence in CC samples. Determination of HPV genotypes is very important in order to evaluate the impact of vaccine introduction and future cervical cancer prevention strategies.
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Investigacion Medica en Enfermedades Oncologicas, Hospital de Oncologia, Centro Medico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (Mexican Institute for Social Security; IMSS), Mexico E-mail : maosal89@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Mauricio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Salcedo
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pina-Sanchez
authors.forename: Veronica
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Vallejo-Ruiz
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Monroy-Garcia
authors.forename: Adriana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aguilar-Lemarroy
authors.forename: Elva I
authors.initials: EI
authors.lastname: Cortes-Gutierrez
authors.forename: Gerardo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Santos-Lopez
authors.forename: Hector
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Montoya-Fuentes
authors.forename: Renan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Grijalva
authors.forename: Vicente
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Madrid-Marina
authors.forename: Teresa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Apresa-Garcia
authors.forename: Dulce M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Hernandez
authors.forename: Luis F
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Jave-Suarez
authors.forename: Pablo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Romero
authors.forename: Albros
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Poot
authors.forename: Eduardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Salgado
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ramos-Gonzalez
authors.forename: Rigoberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gonzalez-Hernandez
authors.forename: Juan C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Canton
authors.forename: Lucio
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Jimenez-Aranda
authors.forename: Miriam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Parra-Melquiadez
authors.forename: Lucero
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Paniagua
authors.forename: Monica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mendoza
authors.forename: Hugo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Arreola
authors.forename: Vanesa
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Villegas
authors.forename: Kirvis
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Torres-Poveda
authors.forename: Margarita
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bahena-Roman
authors.forename: Beatriz
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gonzalez-Yebra
authors.forename: Keiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Taniguchi
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rodea
authors.forename: Alejandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mantilla-Morales
authors.forename: Maria L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Mora-Garcia
authors.forename: Cindy K
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Velazquez-Velazquez
authors.forename: Candelaria
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cordova-Uscanga
authors.forename: Raul
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Peralta
authors.forename: Ricardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lopez-Romero
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Marrero
authors.forename: Cindy
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bandala
authors.forename: Julio
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Reyes-Leyva
authors.forename: Maria E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Furuya
authors.forename: Eduardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Almeida
authors.forename: Maria E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Galvan
authors.forename: Israel
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Grijalva
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology*; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D052162:Human papillomavirus 16 / Q000235:genetics; D052161:Human papillomavirus 18 / Q000235:genetics; D058952:Human papillomavirus 31 / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D008800:Mexico / Q000453:epidemiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D027383:Papillomaviridae / Q000235:genetics*; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology*; D015995:Prevalence; D065310:Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions of the Cervix / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology*; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology*; D055815:Young Adult