title: Soil washing of fluorine contaminated soil using various washing solutions.
abstract: Bench-scale soil washing experiments were conducted to remove fluoride from contaminated soils. Five washing solutions including hydrochloric acid (HCl), nitric acid (HNO3), sodium hydroxide (NaOH), sulfuric acid (H2SO4) and tartaric acid (C4H6O6) were tested. The concentration of the washing solutions used ranged from 0.1 to 3 M with a liquid to solid ratio of 10. The soil washing results showed that the most effective washing solution for the removal of fluoride from contaminated soils was HCl. The highest fluoride removal results of approximately 97 % from the contaminated soil were obtained using 3 M HCl. The fluoride removal efficiency of the washing solution increases in the following order: C4H6O6 < NaOH < H2SO4 < HNO3 < HCl.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Engineering, Chosun University, Gwangju, 501-759, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Deok Hyun
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Moon
authors.forename: Raehyun
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jo
authors.forename: Agamemnon
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Koutsospyros
authors.forename: Kyung Hoon
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Cheong
authors.forename: Jeong-Hun
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Park
mesh_terms: D052918:Environmental Restoration and Remediation / Q000379:methods*; D005459:Fluorides / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D005461:Fluorine / Q000032:analysis*; D006851:Hydrochloric Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D017942:Nitric Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D012972:Sodium Hydroxide / Q000737:chemistry; D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D013464:Sulfuric Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D013644:Tartrates / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D013464:Sulfuric Acids; D013644:Tartrates; D005461:Fluorine; D017942:Nitric Acid; D012972:Sodium Hydroxide; C033158:sulfuric acid; D005459:Fluorides; D006851:Hydrochloric Acid; C029768:tartaric acid