title: Detection of urinary creatinine using gold nanoparticles after solid phase extraction.
abstract: Label-free gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were utilized in the detection of creatinine in human urine after a sample preparation by extraction of creatinine on sulfonic acid functionalized silica gel. With the proposed sample preparation method, the interfering effects of the urine matrix on creatinine detection by AuNPs were eliminated. Parameters affecting creatinine extraction were investigated. The aggregation of AuNPs induced by creatinine resulted in a change in the surface plasmon resonance signal with a concomitant color change that could be observed by the naked eye and quantified spectrometrically. The effect of AuNP concentration and reaction time on AuNP aggregation was investigated. The method described herein provides a determination of creatinine in a range of 15-40mgL(-1) with a detection limit of 13.7mgL(-1) and it was successfully used in the detection of creatinine in human urine samples.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Payathai Road, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
authors.forename: Jarinya
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sittiwong
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Payathai Road, Bangkok 10330, Thailand. Electronic address: Fuangfa.u@chula.ac.th.
authors.forename: Fuangfa
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Unob
mesh_terms: D003124:Colorimetry; D003404:Creatinine / Q000652:urine*; D006046:Gold / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D036103:Nanotechnology; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012822:Silicon Dioxide / Q000737:chemistry; D052616:Solid Phase Extraction; D013056:Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; D013451:Sulfonic Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D020349:Surface Plasmon Resonance
chemical_list: D013451:Sulfonic Acids; D006046:Gold; D012822:Silicon Dioxide; D003404:Creatinine
keywords: Creatinine; Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs); Human urine; Solid phase extraction; Surface plasmon resonance (SPR)