title: Identification of evodiamine as the bioactive compound in evodia (Evodia rutaecarpa Benth.) fruit extract that activates human peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ).
abstract: The dried unripe fruit from Evodia rutaecarpa Benth., known as Wu zhu yu in China, has long been used in traditional Chinese medicine. In this research, we provide evidence that evodia fruit extract activates peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) and, as identified through HPLC fractionation and mass spectroscopy, the activating phytochemical is evodiamine. Evodiamine was shown to bind to and activate PPARγ. It was also shown to activate PPARγ-regulated gene expression in human hepatoma cells similar to known PPARγ ligands and that the expression was blocked by a PPARγ specific antagonist.
authors.affiliation: Analytical Sciences, Amway Corporation, 7575 East Fulton Avenue, Ada, MI 49355, United States. Electronic address: john.rebhun@Amway.com.
authors.forename: John F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Rebhun
authors.affiliation: Analytical Sciences, Amway Corporation, 7575 East Fulton Avenue, Ada, MI 49355, United States.
authors.forename: Samantha J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Roloff
authors.affiliation: Analytical Sciences, Amway Corporation, 7575 East Fulton Avenue, Ada, MI 49355, United States.
authors.forename: Rodney A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Velliquette
authors.affiliation: Analytical Sciences, Amway Corporation, 7575 East Fulton Avenue, Ada, MI 49355, United States.
authors.forename: Stephen R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Missler
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016466:CHO Cells; D002839:Chromans / Q000737:chemistry; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D003412:Cricetulus; D032086:Evodia / Q000737:chemistry*; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry*; D056945:Hep G2 Cells; D006801:Humans; D026121:Indole Alkaloids / Q000737:chemistry; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D015394:Molecular Structure; D047495:PPAR gamma / Q000819:agonists*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry; D011799:Quinazolines / Q000737:chemistry*; D045162:Thiazolidinediones / Q000737:chemistry; D000077288:Troglitazone; D052999:Quinazolinones
chemical_list: D002839:Chromans; D026121:Indole Alkaloids; D047495:PPAR gamma; D010936:Plant Extracts; D011799:Quinazolines; D045162:Thiazolidinediones; D000077288:Troglitazone; C028632:rutecarpine; D052999:Quinazolinones; C049639:evodiamine
keywords: Evodia fruit extract; Evodia rutaecarpa Benth; Evodiamine; Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma; Rutaecarpine