title: Benefits of Strength and Skill-based Training During Primary School Physical Education.
abstract: Physical education (PE) programs are evolving from a traditional skill-centered model to a health-centered model that focuses on time engaged in moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA). However, improvements in muscular fitness and fundamental movement skills are prerequisites for continuous participation in MVPA. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of integrative strength and skill-based training on measures of physical fitness in children during primary school PE. Children from two fourth grade PE classes were cluster randomized into either a fundamental integrative training (FIT) group (n = 20) or a control (CON) group (n = 21). The 8-week FIT program was performed twice per week during the first ∼ 1 5 minutes of each PE class and consisted of a circuit of strength and skill-based exercises. All participants were assessed for health- and skill-related fitness before and after the intervention. The outcome variables were analyzed via 2 × 2 repeated measures analysis of variance with post hoc analysis. A significant (p ≤ 0.05) interaction of group by time was observed in FIT participants with improvements in aerobic capacity, push-ups, sit and reach flexibility, and single-leg hop. There were no groups by time effects for the sit-up and long jump tests. No injuries were reported. These findings highlight the potential benefits of integrating both health- and skill-related fitness components into primary school PE as evidenced by improvements in measures of aerobic capacity and muscular fitness in children.
authors.affiliation: 1Department of Health and Exercise Science, The College of New Jersey, Ewing, New Jersey; and 2Antiel Elementary School, Ewing, New Jersey.
authors.forename: Avery D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Faigenbaum
authors.forename: Jill A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Bush
authors.forename: Ryan P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: McLoone
authors.forename: Michael C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Kreckel
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Farrell
authors.forename: Nicholas A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Ratamess
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kang
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D005080:Exercise Test; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009048:Motor Skills / Q000502:physiology*; D053580:Muscle Strength; D010806:Physical Education and Training / Q000379:methods*; D010809:Physical Fitness / Q000502:physiology*; D055070:Resistance Training; D012574:Schools; D013997:Time Factors