title: Immune gene expression profile of Penaeus monodon in response to marine yeast glucan application and white spot syndrome virus challenge.
abstract: Immunostimulant potential of eight marine yeast glucans (YG) from Candida parapsilosis R20, Hortaea werneckii R23, Candida spencermartinsiae R28, Candida haemulonii R63, Candida oceani R89, Debaryomyces fabryi R100, Debaryomyces nepalensis R305 and Meyerozyma guilliermondii R340 were tested against WSSV challenge in Penaeus monodon post larvae (PL). Structural characterization of these marine yeast glucans by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) indicated structures containing (1-6)-branched (1-3)-β-D-glucan. PL were fed 0.2% glucan incorporated diet once in seven days for a period of 45 days and the animals were challenged with white spot syndrome virus (WSSV). The immunostimulatory activity of yeast glucans were assessed pre- and post-challenge WSSV by analysing the expression profile of six antimicrobial peptide (AMP) genes viz., anti-lipopolysaccharide factor (ALF), crustin-1, crustin-2, crustin-3, penaeidin-3 and penaeidin-5 and 13 immune genes viz., alpha-2-macroglobulin (α-2-M), astakine, caspase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione-s-transferase, haemocyanin, peroxinectin, pmCathepsinC, prophenol oxidase (proPO), Rab-7, superoxide dismutase and transglutaminase. Expression of seven WSSV genes viz., DNA polymerase, endonuclease, protein kinase, immediate early gene, latency related gene, thymidine kinase and VP28 were also analysed to detect the presence and intensity of viral infection in the experimental animals post-challenge. The study revealed that yeast glucans (YG) do possess immunostimulatory activity against WSSV and also supported higher survival (40-70 %) post-challenge WSSV. Among the various glucans tested, YG23 showed maximum survival (70.27%), followed by YG20 (66.66%), YG28 (60.97%), YG89 (58.53%), YG100 (54.05%), YG63 (48.64%), YG305 (45.7%) and YG340 (43.24%).
authors.affiliation: Department of Marine Biology, Microbiology and Biochemistry, School of Marine Sciences, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Fine Arts Avenue, Kochi-16, Kerala, India.
authors.forename: Wilsy
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.affiliation: AppRidge International, LLC, 1328 Barkley Road, Telford, TN, 37690-2235, USA.
authors.forename: Douglas
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lowman
authors.affiliation: Department of Marine Biology, Microbiology and Biochemistry, School of Marine Sciences, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Fine Arts Avenue, Kochi-16, Kerala, India; National Center for Aquatic Animal Health, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Fine Arts Avenue, Kochi-16, Kerala, India.
authors.forename: Swapna P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Antony
authors.affiliation: Department of Marine Biology, Microbiology and Biochemistry, School of Marine Sciences, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Fine Arts Avenue, Kochi-16, Kerala, India.
authors.forename: Jayesh
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Puthumana
authors.affiliation: National Center for Aquatic Animal Health, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Fine Arts Avenue, Kochi-16, Kerala, India.
authors.forename: I S
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Bright Singh
authors.affiliation: Department of Marine Biology, Microbiology and Biochemistry, School of Marine Sciences, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Fine Arts Avenue, Kochi-16, Kerala, India. Electronic address: rosammap@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Rosamma
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Philip
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D005936:Glucans / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007814:Larva / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology; D033561:Penaeidae / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology; D019936:Probiotics; D059467:Transcriptome; D046848:White spot syndrome virus 1 / Q000502:physiology*; D015003:Yeasts / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000998:Antiviral Agents; D005936:Glucans
keywords: Expression profile; Immune genes; Marine Yeast Glucan; Penaeus monodon; WSSV