title: Epidemiology and outcome of adult out-of-hospital cardiac arrest of non-cardiac origin in Osaka: a population-based study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate epidemiological characteristics of out-of-hospital cardiac arrests (OHCAs) by detailed non-cardiac cause and factors associated with the outcomes after OHCAs of non-cardiac origin.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective, population-based observational study.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Utstein Osaka Project.
  
  
  METHODS
  14,164 adult patients aged ≥20 years old with OHCAs due to non-cardiac origin who were resuscitated by emergency-medical-service personnel or bystanders, and then were transported to medical institutions from January 2005 to December 2011.
  
  
  METHODS
  One-month survival after OHCA. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to assess factors that were potentially associated with the outcome.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During the study period, the 1-month survival rate was 5.3% (755/14,164). The proportion of 1-month survival was 6.2% (510/8239) in external causes, 6.5% (94/1148) in respiratory diseases, 0.8% (11/1309) in malignant tumours, 4.9% (55/1114) in strokes and 4.1% (85/2054) in others. As for external causes, the proportion of 1-month survival was 14.3% (382/2670) in asphyxia, 4.2% (84/1999) in hanging, 0.7% (9/1300) in fall, 1.1% (12/1062) in drowning, 1.6% (12/765) in traffic injury, 3.7% (7/187) in drug overuse and 1.6% (4/256) in unclassified external causes. In a multivariate analysis, adults aged <65 years old with arrests witnessed by bystanders, with normal activities of daily living before the arrests, having ventricular fibrillation arrests, having arrests in public places, intravenous fluid levels and early Emergency Medical Service response time were significant predictors for 1-month outcome after OHCAs of non-cardiac origin. The proportion of 1-month survival of all OHCAs of non-cardiac origin did not significantly increase (from 4.3% (86/2023) in 2005 to 4.9% (105/2126) in 2011) and the adjusted OR for one-increment of year was 1.01 (95% CI 0.97 to 1.06).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  From a large OHCA registry in Osaka, we demonstrated that 1-month survival after OHCAs of non-cardiac origin was poor and stable.
authors.affiliation: Division of Environmental Medicine and Population Sciences, Department of Social and Environmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan.
authors.forename: Tetsuhisa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kitamura
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Kosuke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kiyohara
authors.affiliation: Department of Traumatology and Acute Critical Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan.
authors.forename: Tomohiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sakai
authors.affiliation: Kyoto University Health Services, Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Taku
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Iwami
authors.affiliation: Department of Critical Care Nursing, Graduate School of Medicine and School of Health Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Chika
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Nishiyama
authors.affiliation: Traumatology and Critical Care Medical Center, National Hospital Organization Osaka National Hospital, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Kentaro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kajino
authors.affiliation: Department of Acute Medicine, Kinki University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Japan.
authors.forename: Tatsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nishiuchi
authors.affiliation: Senri Critical Care Medical Center, Osaka Saiseikai Senri Hospital, Suita, Japan.
authors.forename: Yasuyuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hayashi
authors.affiliation: Department of Traumatology and Acute Critical Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan.
authors.forename: Yusuke
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Katayama
authors.affiliation: Department of Traumatology and Acute Critical Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuhisa
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yoshiya
authors.affiliation: Department of Traumatology and Acute Critical Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan.
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shimazu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016887:Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation / Q000379:methods*; D004332:Drowning / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D058687:Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D011159:Population Surveillance / Q000379:methods*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012042:Registries; D015996:Survival Rate / Q000639:trends; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014693:Ventricular Fibrillation / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: ACCIDENT & EMERGENCY MEDICINE; EPIDEMIOLOGY