title: The relationship between functional health literacy and health promoting behaviors among older adults.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Health literacy is a measure of individual's ability to read, comprehend, and act on medical instructions. Older adults are one of the most important at risk groups affected by the impact of inadequate health literacy. Health promoting behaviors in older adults have potential impact on their health and quality of life and reduce the costs incurred to health care. Given the paucity of information health literacy and health promoting behavior, the purpose of this study was to examine health literacy level in older adults and the relationship between health literacy and health promoting behaviors.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional survey of 354 older adults was conducted in Isfahan. The method of sampling was clustering. Health literacy was measured using the Test of Functional Health Literacy in Adults (TOFHLA). Data were collected via home interviewing. Health promoting behaviors were measured based on self-reported smoking status, exercise, and consumption of fruit and vegetables. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and one-way ANOVA and χ2 tests under SPSS 18 software.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The sample group averaged 67 ± 6.97 years in age. Approximately 79.6% of adults were found to have inadequate health literacy. They tended to be older, have fewer years of schooling, lower household income, and being female Individuals with inadequate health literacy were more likely to report limitations in activity and lower consumption of fruit and vegetables (P < 0.001). No significant association was found between health literacy and smoking status.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Considering high prevalence of inadequate health literacy among older adults, and its inverse relationship with some health promoting behaviors. Simple educational materials and effective interventions for low health literacy people can improve health promotion in society and mitigate the adverse health effects of low health literacy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
authors.forename: Mahnoush
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Reisi
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
authors.forename: Seyed Homamodin
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Javadzade
authors.affiliation: The Student's Research Committee, Department of Public Health, School of Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Akbar Babaei
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Heydarabadi
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
authors.forename: Firouzeh
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mostafavi
authors.affiliation: The Student's Research Committee, Department of Public Health, School of Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Elahe
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tavassoli
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
authors.forename: Gholamreza
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sharifirad
keywords: Health literacy; health promoting behaviors; older adults