title: Serum advanced glycation end products are associated with insulin resistance in male nondiabetic patients with obstructive sleep apnea.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) play an important role in the pathogenesis of diabetic vascular complications. Recently, growing evidence has shown that AGEs could be involved in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance. It has also been suggested that circulating AGE are associated with insulin resistance in nondiabetic patients. This study investigated whether serum AGEs levels are associated with insulin resistance in nondiabetic patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 139 male nondiabetic patients with OSA were recruited for participation in the study. Serum AGE levels were examined using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Insulin resistance was determined using the homeostasis model assessment index (HOMA-IR).
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a significant correlation between serum AGEs and the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) (r = 0.281, p = 0.014), duration of SaO₂ < 90% (r = 0.267, p = 0.018), minimum SaO₂ (r = -0.188, p = 0.046), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) (r = 0.274, p = 0.012), and HOMA-IR (r = 0.303, p < 0.001). Multiple regression analysis showed that serum AGEs (p = 0.011), AHI (p = 0.024), waist circumference (p = 0.040), and hsCRP (p = 0.046) were independently associated with HOMA-IR (R(2) = 0.392). In addition, the strength of the correlation between serum AGEs and HOMA-IR was related to the severity of OSA.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study indicated that serum AGE levels were associated with insulin resistance in male nondiabetic patients with OSA. These findings suggest that AGEs may play a role in insulin resistance in OSA and may also be a biomarker for patients with OSA with high risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 17 Yongwaizheng Street, 330006, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China, xujixiong@163.com.
authors.forename: Ji-xiong
authors.initials: JX
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.forename: Jian-fang
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Wei-jian
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Liao
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Jun-ren
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.forename: Ling-yan
authors.initials: LY
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Jian-ying
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood; D017286:Polysomnography; D020181:Sleep Apnea, Obstructive / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012894:Sleep Stages / Q000502:physiology; D013223:Statistics as Topic
chemical_list: D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced; D010100:Oxygen