title: Variations of glutamate concentration within synaptic cleft in the presence of electromagnetic fields: an artificial neural networks study.
abstract: Glutamate is an excitatory neurotransmitter that is released by the majority of central nervous system synapses and is involved in developmental processes, cognitive functions, learning and memory. Excessive elevated concentrations of Glu in synaptic cleft results in neural cell apoptosis which is called excitotoxicity causing neurodegenerative diseases. Hence, we investigated the possibility of extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMF) as a risk factor which is able to change Glu concentration in synaptic clef. Synaptosomes as a model of nervous terminal were exposed to ELF-EMF for 15-55 min in flux intensity range from 0.1 to 2 mT and frequency range from 50 to 230 Hz. Finally, all raw data by INForm v4.02 software as an artificial neural network program was analyzed to predict the effect of whole mentioned range spectra. The results showed the tolerance of all effects between the ranges from -35 to +40 % compared to normal state when glutamatergic systems exposed to ELF-EMF. It indicates that glutamatergic system attempts to compensate environmental changes though release or reuptake in order to keep the system safe. Regarding to the wide range of ELF-EMF acquired in this study, the obtained outcomes have potential for developing treatments based on ELF-EMF for some neurological diseases; however, in vivo experiments on the cross linking responses between glutamatergic and cholinergic systems in the presence of ELF-EMF would be needed.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics (I.B.B.), University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Neda
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Masoudian
authors.forename: Gholam Hossein
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Riazi
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Afrasiabi
authors.forename: Seyed Mohamad Sadegh
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Modaresi
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dadras
authors.forename: Shahrbanoo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rafiei
authors.forename: Meysam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yazdankhah
authors.forename: Atiye
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lyaghi
authors.forename: Mostafa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jarah
authors.forename: Shahin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ahmadian
authors.forename: Hossein
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Seidkhani
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004574:Electromagnetic Fields; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000378:metabolism*; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D016571:Neural Networks, Computer; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013574:Synaptosomes / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure
chemical_list: D018698:Glutamic Acid