title: [Study on the prevalence and associated risk factors related to HIV, syphilis, herpes simplex virus-2 among female sex workers in Jiaozhou, Shandong province].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyze the prevalence rates and associated risk factors on HIV, syphilis, herpes simplex virus-2 (HSV-2) among female sex workers (FSWs) in Jiaozhou, Shandong province.
  
  
  METHODS
  Through convenient sampling, an anonymous questionnaire survey was conducted on female sex workers to collect related information. Blood specimens were drawn for serological tests on HIV, syphilis and HSV-2 antibodies, respectively. Patients with positive results from both treponema pallidum and HSV-2 tested by ELISA method, were defined as being superinfected.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 460 FSWs were recruited in this study. The prevalence rates of HIV, syphilis, HSV-2, and syphilis/HSV-2 superinfection were 0.22% , 5.9% , 43.0% , and 11.7% , respectively. Among the methamphetamine users, the prevalence rates of syphilis, HSV-2, and syphilis/HSV-2 superinfection were 12.4%, 55.2%, and 22.9%, respectively. Results from multivariate analysis showed that factors that significantly associated with syphilis infection would include: methamphetamine use (OR = 3.61, 95% CI:1.62-8.06), having first commercial sex intercourse at under 20 years of age (OR = 2.80, 95% CI:1.15-6.85), more than 2 establishments that the FSWs worked in the last month (OR = 4.37, 95%CI:0.83-22.83). Factors associated with HSV-2 infection were methamphetamine use (OR = 2.30, 95%CI:1.43-3.70), having first commercial sex intercourse at under 20 years of age (OR = 1.77, 95% CI:1.16-2.69), working at low-end establishments (OR = 2.61, 95%CI:1.66-4.10), working at the local sex-work venues for more than one year (OR = 2.01, 95% CI:1.28-3.14), with low education backgrounds (OR = 2.27, 95% CI:1.18-4.36), using methamphetamine (OR = 3.95, 95% CI:2.09-7.44), low education background (OR = 2.43, 95% CI: 1.10-5.36), 21-30 year-olds (OR = 2.95, 95%CI:1.08-8.03), older than 31 years of age (OR = 7.05, 95% CI:2.48-20.01) etc., were independent risk factors associated with the superinfection of syphilis and HSV-2.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prevalence rates of syphilis, HSV-2 and syphilis/HSV-2 superinfection were relatively high among FSWs in Jiaozhou, especially among the FSWs who were methamphetamine users.
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, Peking Union Medical College,Beijing 100730, China.
authors.forename: Zheng
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention.
authors.forename: Dongmin
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention.
authors.forename: Huixin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Qingdao Center for Disease Control and Prevention.
authors.forename: Zhenxia
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention.
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Email: wangnbj@163.com.
authors.forename: Ning
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D017677:Age Distribution; D019969:Amphetamine-Related Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D004522:Educational Status; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006679:HIV Seropositivity; D006558:Herpes Genitalis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D018258:Herpesvirus 2, Human / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006801:Humans; D008694:Methamphetamine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012698:Serologic Tests; D011477:Sex Work; D060386:Sex Workers / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D015163:Superinfection / Q000453:epidemiology; D013587:Syphilis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D014210:Treponema pallidum / Q000302:isolation & purification
chemical_list: D008694:Methamphetamine