title: Coeliac disease and noncoeliac gluten sensitivity.
abstract: The spectrum of gluten-related disorders was restricted to coeliac disease and wheat allergy, but the new contemporary entity referred to as noncoeliac gluten sensitivity has gained recognition mainly in adults but also in children. Noncoeliac gluten sensitivity is defined as the presence of a variety of symptoms related to gluten ingestion in patients in whom coeliac disease and wheat allergy have been excluded. The pathophysiology and biomarkers of coeliac disease and wheat allergy are well known, but this is not the case for noncoeliac gluten sensitivity. It is also not clear whether noncoeliac gluten sensitivity is caused by consumption of gluten or by consumption of fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polyols. Randomized trials on noncoeliac gluten sensitivity in children are lacking and are hardly needed to evaluate its role in paediatric patients with gastroenterology to avoid the use of unnecessary restrictive diets in children and interference with proper diagnosis of coeliac disease.
authors.affiliation: *Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands †Institute of Gastroenterology, Nutrition and Liver Diseases, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Petach-Tikva, Israel.
authors.forename: Caroline R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Meijer
authors.forename: Raanan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Shamir
authors.forename: Maria L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Mearin
mesh_terms: D002446:Celiac Disease / Q000175:diagnosis; D002648:Child; D055050:Diet, Gluten-Free; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D005285:Fermentation; D005983:Glutens / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008286:Malabsorption Syndromes / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology; D009005:Monosaccharides / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D021182:Wheat Hypersensitivity / Q000175:diagnosis
chemical_list: D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D009005:Monosaccharides; D011134:Polysaccharides; D005983:Glutens