title: Combinatorial Peptide Ligand Library and two dimensional electrophoresis: new frontiers in the study of peritoneal dialysis effluent in pediatric patients.
abstract: Peritoneal dialysis effluent (PDE) is a fluid resulting from the close contact of peritoneal dialysis (PD) solutions with the peritoneal membrane (PM) and represents a readily available material for the search of biomarkers of PM function or damage. Our laboratory has developed a method for the in-depth proteomic characterization of PDE, which involves Combinatorial Peptides Ligand Library (CPLL) to reduce the dynamic range of protein concentration in PDE, followed by two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE). In this study we applied this method to the analysis of PDE proteome obtained from 19 pediatric patients on automated peritoneal dialysis (APD) with glucose-based PD solutions. The combined use of this proteomic approach highlighted a mean of 700 new proteins. Differences in PDE proteome profile were observed in relation with the duration of APD treatment. In particular, in patients on long-term APD, we observed an increase of intelectin-1, and a decrease of gelsolin. These changes were also observed by in vitro treatment of mesothelial cells with oxidative or pro-fibrotic stimulus which supported the biological role of these proteins' changes. In order to clarify the biological meaning of the observed differences, further step of our study will consist of the longitudinal evaluation of PDE proteome.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The in-depth proteomic characterization of peritoneal dialysis effluent (PDE) in pediatric patients by the combined use of Combinatorial Peptide Ligand Library (CPLL) and two dimensional electrophoresis allowed to detect 1788 spots, a relevant part (724) of which were previously undetected in sample untreated with CPLL. In patients on long-term automated peritoneal dialysis, this proteomic approach allowed to identify 29 potential biomarkers that could be of help to identify patients with subclinical inflammation and/or developing peritoneal membrane fibrosis, thus adapting dialysis treatment accordingly.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory on Physiopathology of Uremia, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy. Electronic address: mauriziobruschi@yahoo.it.
authors.forename: Maurizio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bruschi
authors.affiliation: Laboratory on Physiopathology of Uremia, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy.
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Candiano
authors.affiliation: Laboratory on Physiopathology of Uremia, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Santucci
authors.affiliation: Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Istituto per il Sistema Produzione Animale in Ambiente Mediterraneo (ISPAAM) National Research Council (CNR), Napoli, Italy.
authors.forename: Chiara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: D'Ambrosio
authors.affiliation: Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Istituto per il Sistema Produzione Animale in Ambiente Mediterraneo (ISPAAM) National Research Council (CNR), Napoli, Italy.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Scaloni
authors.affiliation: Nephrology and Dialysis Unit and Laboratory on Physiopathology of Uremia, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy.
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bonsano
authors.affiliation: Nephrology and Dialysis Unit and Laboratory on Physiopathology of Uremia, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy.
authors.forename: Gian Marco
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Ghiggeri
authors.affiliation: Nephrology and Dialysis Unit and Laboratory on Physiopathology of Uremia, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy.
authors.forename: Enrico
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Verrina
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D015180:Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional; D005260:Female; D058851:GPI-Linked Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D018260:Gelsolin / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D037102:Lectins / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D019151:Peptide Library; D010530:Peritoneal Dialysis; D020543:Proteome / Q000378:metabolism*; D040901:Proteomics
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D058851:GPI-Linked Proteins; D018260:Gelsolin; C432397:ITLN1 protein, human; D037102:Lectins; D019151:Peptide Library; D020543:Proteome
keywords: Automated peritoneal dialysis; Combinatorial Peptide Ligand Library; Gelsolin; Intelectin-1; Peritoneal dialysis effluent; Two dimensional electrophoresis