title: Plant defence responses in oilseed rape MINELESS plants after attack by the cabbage moth Mamestra brassicae.
abstract: The Brassicaceae family is characterized by a unique defence mechanism known as the 'glucosinolate-myrosinase' system. When insect herbivores attack plant tissues, glucosinolates are hydrolysed by the enzyme myrosinase (EC 3.2.1.147) into a variety of degradation products, which can deter further herbivory. This process has been described as 'the mustard oil bomb'. Additionally, insect damage induces the production of glucosinolates, myrosinase, and other defences. Brassica napus seeds have been genetically modified to remove myrosinase-containing myrosin cells. These plants are termed MINELESS because they lack myrosin cells, the so-called toxic mustard oil mines. Here, we examined the interaction between B. napus wild-type and MINELESS plants and the larvae of the cabbage moth Mamestra brassicae. No-choice feeding experiments showed that M. brassicae larvae gained less weight and showed stunted growth when feeding on MINELESS plants compared to feeding on wild-type plants. M. brassicae feeding didn't affect myrosinase activity in MINELESS plants, but did reduce it in wild-type seedlings. M. brassicae feeding increased the levels of indol-3-yl-methyl, 1-methoxy-indol-3-yl-methyl, and total glucosinolates in both wild-type and MINELESS seedlings. M. brassicae feeding affected the levels of glucosinolate hydrolysis products in both wild-type and MINELESS plants. Transcriptional analysis showed that 494 and 159 genes were differentially regulated after M. brassicae feeding on wild-type and MINELESS seedlings, respectively. Taken together, the outcomes are very interesting in terms of analysing the role of myrosin cells and the glucosinolate-myrosinase defence system in response to a generalist cabbage moth, suggesting that similar studies with other generalist or specialist insect herbivores, including above- and below-ground herbivores, would be useful.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway.
authors.forename: Ishita
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ahuja
authors.affiliation: German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany; Institute of Ecology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Dornburger-Str. 159, 07743 Jena, Germany; Molecular Interaction Ecology, Institute of Water and Wetland Research (IWWR), Radboud University Nijmegen, PO Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Nicole Marie
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: van Dam
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway.
authors.forename: Per
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Winge
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway.
authors.forename: Marianne
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Trælnes
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway.
authors.forename: Aysel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Heydarova
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway.
authors.forename: Jens
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rohloff
authors.affiliation: Department of Mathematical Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway.
authors.forename: Mette
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Langaas
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway atle.m.bones@ntnu.no.
authors.forename: Atle Magnar
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Bones
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D029688:Brassica napus / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development / Q000276:immunology* / Q000469:parasitology*; D003517:Cyclopentanes / Q000378:metabolism; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D017343:Genes, Plant; D005961:Glucosinolates / Q000378:metabolism; D006026:Glycoside Hydrolases / Q000378:metabolism; D060434:Herbivory; D006868:Hydrolysis; D007814:Larva / Q000502:physiology; D009036:Moths / Q000502:physiology*; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics*; D054883:Oxylipins / Q000378:metabolism; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000276:immunology* / Q000469:parasitology*; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D036226:Seedlings / Q000469:parasitology; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000235:genetics; D014364:Tryptophan / Q000096:biosynthesis
chemical_list: D003517:Cyclopentanes; D005961:Glucosinolates; D054883:Oxylipins; C011006:jasmonic acid; D014364:Tryptophan; D006026:Glycoside Hydrolases; C022739:thioglucosidase
keywords: Brassica napus (oilseed rape); defence cells; generalist; glucosinolate; jasmonates; myrosinase; plant–insect interaction; transcriptional profiling.