title: Effect of potential probiotic Rhodotorula benthica D30 on the growth performance, digestive enzyme activity and immunity in juvenile sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus.
abstract: The effects of dietary addition of yeast Rhodotorula benthica (R. benthica) D30 which isolated from local sea mud at levels of 0 (control), 10(5), 10(6) and 10(7) CFU/g feed on the growth performance, digestive enzyme activity, immunity and disease resistance of juvenile sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus were investigated. It was shown that dietary addition of R. benthica D30 significantly increased the growth rates of sea cucumbers (p < 0.05). The amylase activity, cellulase activity and alginase activity were increased for the animals from three probiotics treated groups. And with the supplemented concentration increased, the values of those digestive enzyme activities increased as well. Dietary addition of R. benthica D30 at the level of 10(7) CFU significantly increased the lysozyme, phagocytic and total nitric oxide synthase activity of A. japonicus (p < 0.05). While, the highest values of the phenoloxidase and alkaline phosphatase activity were found in sea cucumbers fed with R. benthica D30 at the level of 10(6) CFU. Whereas adding R. benthica D30 to diet had no significant effects on the total coelomocyte counts and acid phosphatase activity of A. japonicus (p > 0.05). It was observed that adding R. benthica D30 could significantly decrease the cumulative mortality of sea cucumbers. The present study demonstrated that dietary addition of R. benthica D30 could increase growth performance and some digestive enzyme activities, improve immunity and disease resistance of A. japonicus. And the medium (10(6) CFU) and high (10(7) CFU) additional levels showed better effects. It suggests that yeast R. benthica D30 could be a good probiotic for aquaculture.
authors.affiliation: College of Biological Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China.
authors.forename: Ji-hui
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: College of Biological Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China; Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Science, Tianjin, 300308, China.
authors.forename: Liu-qun
authors.initials: LQ
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: College of Biological Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China.
authors.forename: Jin-feng
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: College of Biological Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China.
authors.forename: Han
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: College of Biological Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China. Electronic address: xiaoshan@dlpu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Shan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Xiao
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed / Q000032:analysis; D000824:Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena / Q000187:drug effects; D000818:Animals; D017756:Aquaculture; D004032:Diet; D004063:Digestion / Q000187:drug effects; D007113:Immunity, Innate / Q000187:drug effects; D019936:Probiotics / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012248:Rhodotorula / Q000737:chemistry*; D047528:Stichopus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000254:growth & development / Q000276:immunology
keywords: Digestive activity; Growth performance; Immunity; Rhodotorula benthica; Sea cucumber