title: Gastrografin in Prolonged Postoperative Ileus: A Double-blinded Randomized Controlled Trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the therapeutic value of Gastrografin in shortening duration of prolonged postoperative ileus (PPOI) after elective colorectal surgery.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Gut wall edema is central to the pathogenesis of PPOI. Hyperosmotic, orally administered, water-soluble contrast media such as Gastrografin are theoretically capable of mitigating this edema.
  
  
  METHODS
  A double-blinded, placebo-controlled, randomized trial was conducted. Participants were allocated to receive 100 mL of Gastrografin (Exposure Group) or flavored distilled water (Control Group) administered enterally. Other aspects of management were standardized. Resolution of PPOI was assessed 12-hourly.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eighty patients were randomized equally, with 5 in the Exposure Group and 4 in the Control Group excluded from analysis. Participants were evenly matched at baseline. Mean duration of PPOI did not differ between Exposure and Control Groups (83.7 vs 101.3 hours; P = 0.191). When considering individual markers of PPOI resolution, Gastrografin did not affect time to resolution of nausea and vomiting (64.5 vs 74.3 hours; P = 0.404) or consumption of oral diet (75.8 vs 90.0 hours; P = 0.297). However, it accelerated time to flatus or stool (18.9 vs 32.7 hours; P = 0.047) and time to resolution of abdominal distension (52.8 vs 77.7 hours; P = 0.013). There were no significant differences between groups in nasogastric output; analgesia, antiemetic, or fluid requirement; complications; or length of stay.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Gastrografin is not clinically useful in shortening an episode of PPOI characterized by upper and lower gastrointestinal symptoms. It may however be of therapeutic benefit in the subset of PPOI patients who display lower gastrointestinal symptoms exclusively after surgery.
authors.affiliation: *Department of Surgery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; and †Colorectal Unit, Department of Surgery, Auckland District Health Board, Auckland, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Ryash
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Vather
authors.forename: Rachel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Josephson
authors.forename: Rebekah
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jaung
authors.forename: Arman
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kahokehr
authors.forename: Tarik
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sammour
authors.forename: Ian
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Bissett
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000368:Aged; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D003974:Diatrizoate Meglumine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D017558:Elective Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D045823:Ileus / Q000628:therapy*; D007441:Intubation, Gastrointestinal; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000628:therapy
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D003974:Diatrizoate Meglumine