title: Ambient temperature and outpatient visits for acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis in Shanghai: a time series analysis.
abstract: The association between ambient temperature and acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis (AECB) was still unknown. Therefore, we performed an epidemiological study in a large hospital of Shanghai to explore the relationship about temperature and outpatient visit for AECB. We adopted a quasi-Poisson generalized additive models and distributed lag nonlinear models to estimate the accumulative effects of temperature on AECB across multiple days. We found significant non-linear effects of cold temperature on hospital visits for AECB, and the potential effect of cold temperature might last more than 2 weeks. The relative risks of extreme cold (first percentiles of temperature throughout the study period) and cold (10th percentile of temperature) temperature over lags 0-14 d were 2.98 [95% confidence intervals (CI): 1.77, 5.04] and 1.63 (95% CI: 1.21, 2.19), compared with the 25th percentile of temperature. However, we found no positive association between hospital visits and hot weather. This study showed that exposure to both extreme cold and cold temperatures were associated with increased outpatient visits for AECB in a large hospital of Shanghai.
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational Medicine, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200090, China; Department of Occupational Medicine, Yangpu District Central Hospital, Shanghai 200090, China; Institute of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Medical School, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200090, China.
authors.forename: Fang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
authors.forename: Ang
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Research Institute for the Changing Global Environment and Fudan Tyndall Centre, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
authors.forename: Ren Jie
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Research Institute for the Changing Global Environment and Fudan Tyndall Centre, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
authors.forename: Hai Dong
authors.initials: HD
authors.lastname: Kan
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational Medicine, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200090, China; Department of Occupational Medicine, Yangpu District Central Hospital, Shanghai 200090, China; Institute of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Medical School, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200090, China.
authors.forename: Xing Ya
authors.initials: XY
authors.lastname: Kuang
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000009:adverse effects; D000553:Ambulatory Care; D029481:Bronchitis, Chronic / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D003080:Cold Temperature; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D014887:Weather; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants