title: Retinoic acid enhances the levels of IL-10 in TLR-stimulated B cells from patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis.
abstract: We have explored the beneficial effects of retinoic acid (RA) on B cells from multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. When co-stimulated via the toll-like receptors (TLRs) TLR9 and RP105, MS B cells secreted less of the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin 10 (IL-10) compared to B cells from healthy controls. Importantly, RA enhanced the secretion of IL-10 by MS-derived B cells without affecting the levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α. RA revealed the same ability to induce IL-10 as did interferon-β-1b (IFN-β-1b), and B-cells from patients treated with glatiramer acetate or IFN-β-1b still displayed the beneficial effects of RA on the IL-10/TNF-α ratio.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Agnete Bratsberg
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Eriksen
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Tone
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Berge
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, Oslo, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Marte Wendel
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Gustavsen
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, Oslo, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Ingvild Sørum
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Leikfoss
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, Oslo, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Steffan Daniel
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Bos
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Spurkland
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, Oslo, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Hanne F
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Harbo
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway. Electronic address: h.k.blomhoff@medisin.uio.no.
authors.forename: Heidi Kiil
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Blomhoff
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018941:Antigens, CD19 / Q000378:metabolism; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D005260:Female; D000068717:Glatiramer Acetate; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000378:metabolism*; D007641:Keratolytic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D020529:Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting / Q000473:pathology*; D010455:Peptides / Q000494:pharmacology; D051217:Toll-Like Receptor 9 / Q000378:metabolism; D014212:Tretinoin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D018941:Antigens, CD19; C092722:CD180 protein, human; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D007641:Keratolytic Agents; D010455:Peptides; D051217:Toll-Like Receptor 9; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D016753:Interleukin-10; D014212:Tretinoin; D000068717:Glatiramer Acetate
keywords: B cells; IL-10; Multiple sclerosis; Retinoic acid; TLR; TNF-α