title: [Analgesic techniques for labour: alternatives in case of epidural failure].
abstract: Epidural analgesia is now the method of choice for the treatment of pain in labour and delivery. However, this technique may fail and provide inadequate or null alleviation to the mother. This paper reviews the risk factors, possible causes and possible therapeutic alternatives to inadequate analgesia, whether pharmacological therapies (neuroaxial, peripheral blocks or analgesic administration via intravenous or inhalational routes) or non-pharmacological ones (relaxation techniques, psychological or mechanical). In all possible cases the efficacy and indications of alternative therapies based on the published literature are reviewed, especially from the point of view of evidence-based medicine. The need is underscored of a multifactorial therapeutic approach to the pregnant woman, not just restricting ourselves to eliminating the pain of childbirth.
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Anestesiología, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Pamplona, 31008, Spain. dr.j.r.ortiz.gomez@gmail.com.
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Ortiz-Gómez
authors.forename: F J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Palacio-Abizanda
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Fornet-Ruiz
mesh_terms: D015360:Analgesia, Epidural / Q000379:methods; D016362:Analgesia, Obstetrical / Q000379:methods*; D000700:Analgesics / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D011247:Pregnancy; D017211:Treatment Failure
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics