title: A longitudinal study of human papillomavirus 16 L1, e6, and e7 seropositivity and oral human papillomavirus 16 infection.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Individuals with human papillomavirus (HPV) infections can develop IgG antibodies to HPV proteins including the L1 capsid and E6 and E7 oncoproteins. Evidence on whether L1 antibodies reduce the risk of cervical HPV infection is mixed, but this has not been explored for oral HPV infections. Antibodies to HPV16's E6 oncoprotein have been detected in some oropharyngeal cancer cases years before cancer diagnosis, but it is unknown if these antibodies are associated with oral HPV16 DNA.
  
  
  METHODS
  Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays tested for serum antibodies to HPV16's L1 capsid in 463 HIV-infected and 293 HIV-uninfected adults, and for antibodies to recombinantly expressed E6 and E7 oncoproteins to HPV16 in 195 HIV-infected and 69 HIV-uninfected cancer-free participants at baseline. Oral rinse samples were collected semiannually for up to 3 years and tested for HPV DNA using PGMY 09/11 primers. Adjusted Poisson, logistic, and Wei-Lin-Weissfeld regression models were used.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Human papillomavirus 16 L1 seroreactivity did not reduce the subsequent risk of incident oral HPV16 infection in unadjusted (hazard ratio, 1.4; 95% confidence interval, 0.59-3.3) or adjusted (adjusted hazard ratio = 1.1; 95% confidence interval, 0.41-3.0) analysis. Antibodies to HPV16 E6 and E7 oncoproteins were detected in 7.6% and 3.4% of participants, respectively, but they were not associated with baseline oral HPV16 DNA prevalence or oral HPV16 persistence (each P > 0.40).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Naturally acquired HPV16 L1 antibodies did not reduce the risk of subsequent oral HPV16 infection. Human papillomavirus 16 E6 and E7 seropositivity was not a marker for oral HPV16 infection in this population without HPV-related cancer.
authors.affiliation: From the *Departments of Epidemiology, †Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, and ‡Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD; §Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maimonides Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY; ¶Departments of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY; ∥Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; **School of Nursing, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA; ††Hektoen Institute of Medicine, The CORE Center at John H. Stroger Jr Hospital of Cook County, Chicago, IL; ‡‡Department of Infectious Disease, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL; and §§Viral Oncology Program, Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH.
authors.forename: Daniel C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Beachler
authors.forename: Raphael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Viscidi
authors.forename: Elizabeth A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Sugar
authors.forename: Howard
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Minkoff
authors.forename: Howard D
authors.initials: HD
authors.lastname: Strickler
authors.forename: Ross D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Cranston
authors.forename: Dorothy J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Wiley
authors.forename: Lisa P
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Jacobson
authors.forename: Kathleen M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Weber
authors.forename: Joseph B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Margolick
authors.forename: Susheel
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Reddy
authors.forename: Maura L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Gillison
authors.forename: Gypsyamber
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: D'Souza
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001005:Anus Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D052162:Human papillomavirus 16 / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009856:Oncogene Proteins, Viral / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D009959:Oropharyngeal Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D050725:Papillomavirus E7 Proteins / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D015995:Prevalence; D012097:Repressor Proteins / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control
chemical_list: C068651:E6 protein, Human papillomavirus type 16; D009856:Oncogene Proteins, Viral; D050725:Papillomavirus E7 Proteins; D012097:Repressor Proteins