title: BMP signalling: agony and antagony in the family.
abstract: Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are secreted extracellular matrix (ECM)-associated proteins that regulate a wide range of developmental processes, including limb and kidney formation. A critical element of BMP regulation is the presence of secreted antagonists that bind and inhibit BMP binding to their cognate Ser/Thr kinase receptors at the plasma membrane. Antagonists such as Noggin, Chordin, Gremlin (Grem1), and twisted gastrulation-1 (Twsg1) have been shown to inhibit BMP action in a range of different cell types and developmental stage-specific contexts. Here we review new developments in the field of BMP and BMP antagonist biology during mammalian development and suggest strategies for targeting these proteins in human disease.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT12 6BA, UK. Electronic address: d.brazil@qub.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Derek P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Brazil
authors.affiliation: Centre for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT12 6BA, UK.
authors.forename: Rachel H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Church
authors.affiliation: UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
authors.forename: Satnam
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Surae
authors.affiliation: UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Godson
authors.affiliation: UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland. Electronic address: finian.martin@ucd.ie.
authors.forename: Finian
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Martin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000737:chemistry*; D051379:Mice; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000737:chemistry*; D011485:Protein Binding; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins; C486399:GREM1 protein, human; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D035683:MicroRNAs
keywords: Gremlin; antagonist; bone morphogenetic proteins; disease; miRNA