title: Notes from the field: outbreak of diarrheal illness caused by Shigella flexneri - American Samoa, May-June 2014.
abstract: On May 9, 2014, a physician at hospital A in American Samoa noticed an abnormally high number of children presenting to the emergency department with bloody diarrhea. Based on preliminary testing of stool specimens, Entamoeba histolytica infection was suspected as a possible cause. Shigella was also suspected in a subset of samples. On May 22, the American Samoa Department of Health requested assistance from CDC with the outbreak investigation. The goals of the investigation were to establish the presence of an outbreak, characterize its epidemiology and etiology, and recommend control measures. The CDC field team reviewed the emergency department log book for cases of diarrheal illness during April 15-June 13, 2014. During this period, 280 cases of diarrheal illness were recorded, with a peak occurring on May 10. Twice as many cases occurred during this period in 2014 compared with the same period in 2011, the most recent year for which comparable surveillance data were available. Cases were widely distributed across the island. The highest number of cases occurred in children aged 0-9 years. Across age groups, cases were similarly distributed among males and females. These patterns are not consistent with the epidemiology of disease caused by E. histolytica, which tends to cause more cases in males of all ages.
authors.forename: Julia E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Painter
authors.forename: Allison Taylor
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Walker
authors.forename: Jarratt
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pytell
authors.forename: Motusa Tuileama
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Nua
authors.forename: Siitia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Soliai-Lemusu
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mintz
authors.forename: Ibne
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ali
authors.forename: Michele
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Parsons
authors.forename: Haley
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Beach
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bowen
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cope
mesh_terms: D018948:American Samoa / Q000453:epidemiology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003967:Diarrhea / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D004196:Disease Outbreaks; D004405:Dysentery, Bacillary / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D012763:Shigella flexneri / Q000302:isolation & purification*