title: Autofluorescence of Skin Advanced Glycation End Products: Marker of Metabolic Memory in Elderly Population.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Advanced glycation end products are involved in the vascular complications of diabetes, in chronic kidney disease, and in the aging process. Their accumulation in the elderly people, as reflected by skin autofluorescence (sAF), may be a marker of metabolic memory. We aimed to examine the association of sAF with glycemic and renal status 10 years earlier in older persons.
  
  
  METHODS
  In retrospective cohort study, 328 elderly community dwellers aged of 75 years and over had sAF measurement 10 years after their inclusion in the Three-City cohort. Fasting plasma glucose and serum creatinine were measured at baseline and at 10-year follow-up. In 125 participants, HbA1c was available at these two times. Associations between sAF and the glycemic and renal status 10 years before were analyzed by multivariate linear regression adjusted for age, sex, hypertension, body mass index, hypertriglyceridemia, and smoking.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Participants were 82.4 (standard deviation = 4.1) years on average, and their mean sAF was 2.8 (standard deviation = 0.7) arbitrary units (AU). After adjustment, sAF was higher in participants with long-standing diabetes (+0.38 AU, p = .01) or chronic kidney disease (+0.29 AU, p = .02) compared with healthy participants. sAF was related to fasting plasma glucose (+1 mmol/L associated with +0.08 AU, p = .01) and HbA1c (+1% associated with +0.15 AU, p = .03) 10 years earlier, but not to the current fasting plasma glucose (p = .82) and HbA1c (p = .32). sAF was also related to the distal and current estimated glomerular filtration rates (p = .002 and .004, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  sAF reflects glycemic and renal status 10 years before, supporting its value as a marker of metabolic memory in the elderly people.
authors.affiliation: INSERM (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale), ISPED (Institut de Santé Publique d'Epidémiologie et de Développement), Centre INSERM U897-Epidemiologie-Biostatistique, Bordeaux, France. University of Bordeaux, France. kalina.rajaobelina@isped.fr.
authors.forename: Kalina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Rajaobelina
authors.affiliation: INSERM (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale), ISPED (Institut de Santé Publique d'Epidémiologie et de Développement), Centre INSERM U897-Epidemiologie-Biostatistique, Bordeaux, France. University of Bordeaux, France.
authors.forename: Audrey
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cougnard-Gregoire
authors.affiliation: INSERM (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale), ISPED (Institut de Santé Publique d'Epidémiologie et de Développement), Centre INSERM U897-Epidemiologie-Biostatistique, Bordeaux, France. University of Bordeaux, France.
authors.forename: Cecile
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Delcourt
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition-Diabetology, Haut-Lévêque Hospital, Pessac, France.
authors.forename: Henri
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gin
authors.affiliation: INSERM (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale), ISPED (Institut de Santé Publique d'Epidémiologie et de Développement), Centre INSERM U897-Epidemiologie-Biostatistique, Bordeaux, France. University of Bordeaux, France.
authors.forename: Pascale
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Barberger-Gateau
authors.affiliation: INSERM (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale), ISPED (Institut de Santé Publique d'Epidémiologie et de Développement), Centre INSERM U897-Epidemiologie-Biostatistique, Bordeaux, France. University of Bordeaux, France. Department of Nutrition-Diabetology, Haut-Lévêque Hospital, Pessac, France.
authors.forename: Vincent
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Rigalleau
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D005602:France; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D061848:Optical Imaging; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012867:Skin / Q000378:metabolism*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D001786:Blood Glucose; D003404:Creatinine; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced
keywords: Advanced glycation end products; Aging.; Metabolic memory; Skin autofluorescence