title: Temperate bacteriophages collected by outer membrane vesicles in Komagataeibacter intermedius.
abstract: The acetic acid bacteria have mainly relevance for bacterial cellulose production and fermented bio-products manufacture. The purpose of this study was to identify temperate bacteriophages in a cellulose-producing bacterial strain Komagataeibacter intermedius IMBG180. Prophages from K. intermedius IMBG180 were induced with mitomycin C and nalidixic acid. Transmission electron microscopy analysis exhibited tailed bacteriophages belonging to Myoviridae. A PCR assay targeting the capsid gene of the myoviruses proved phylogenetic position of induced phages. Nalidixic acid was poor inducer of prophages, however, it induced the OMV-like particles release. Size of OMVs depended on an antibiotic applied for phage induction and varied in the range of 30-80 and 120-200 nm. Inside some of them, tails of phages have been visible. Under conditions, inducing prophages, OMVs acted as the collectors of formed phage particles, using outer membrane receptors for phage detection (in this case, outer membrane siderophore receptor), and fulfilled therefore "a cleaning," as well as defensive functions, preventing bacteriophage spread outside population. This is the first description of myoviruses affiliated to K. intermedius, as well as outer membrane vesicles interaction with phages within this host.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biology of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine.
authors.forename: Alla
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kharina
authors.forename: Olga
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Podolich
authors.forename: Iuliia
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Faidiuk
authors.forename: Sergiy
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zaika
authors.forename: Andriy
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Haidak
authors.forename: Olga
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Kukharenko
authors.forename: Iryna
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Zaets
authors.forename: Fedor
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Tovkach
authors.forename: Oleg
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Reva
authors.forename: Maxim
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kremenskoy
authors.forename: Natalia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kozyrovska
mesh_terms: D016947:Acetobacteraceae / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000502:physiology / Q000648:ultrastructure / Q000821:virology*; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D016685:Mitomycin / Q000494:pharmacology; D017900:Myoviridae / Q000145:classification / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000502:physiology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D009268:Nalidixic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D010802:Phylogeny; D039002:Prophages / Q000502:physiology / Q000648:ultrastructure
chemical_list: D004279:DNA, Viral; D009268:Nalidixic Acid; D016685:Mitomycin
keywords: Bacteriophages; Outer membrane vesicles