title: Characterization of 27 mycotoxin binders and the relation with in vitro zearalenone adsorption at a single concentration.
abstract: The aim of this study was to characterize 27 feed additives marketed as mycotoxin binders and to screen them for their in vitro zearalenone (ZEN) adsorption. Firstly, 27 mycotoxin binders, commercially available in Belgium and The Netherlands, were selected and characterized. Characterization was comprised of X-ray diffraction (XRD) profiling of the mineral content and d-spacing, determination of the cation exchange capacity (CEC) and the exchangeable base cations, acidity, mineral fraction, relative humidity (RH) and swelling volume. Secondly, an in vitro screening experiment was performed to evaluate the adsorption of a single concentration of ZEN in a ZEN:binder ratio of 1:20,000. The free concentration of ZEN was measured after 4 h of incubation with each of the 27 mycotoxin binders at a pH of 2.5, 6.5 and 8.0. A significant correlation between the free concentration of ZEN and both the d-spacing and mineral fraction of the mycotoxin binders was seen at the three pH levels. A low free concentration of ZEN was demonstrated using binders containing mixed-layered smectites and binders containing humic acids.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium. thomas.demil@ugent.be.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: De Mil
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium. mathias.devreese@ugent.be.
authors.forename: Mathias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Devreese
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium. siegrid.debaere@ugent.be.
authors.forename: Siegrid
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: De Baere
authors.affiliation: Department of Geology and Soil Science, Faculty of Science, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S8, 9000 Ghent, Belgium. eric.vanranst@ugent.be.
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Van Ranst
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Biosciences, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Valentin Vaerwyckweg 1, 9000 Ghent, Belgium. mia.eeckhout@ugent.be.
authors.forename: Mia
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Eeckhout
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium. patrick.debacker@ugent.be.
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: De Backer
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium. siska.croubels@ugent.be.
authors.forename: Siska
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Croubels
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D000821:Animal Feed; D005503:Food Additives / Q000737:chemistry*; D005506:Food Contamination; D006812:Humic Substances; D017640:Silicates / Q000737:chemistry; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction; D015025:Zearalenone / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D005503:Food Additives; D006812:Humic Substances; D017640:Silicates; D015025:Zearalenone; C033214:Smectite