title: Gold Nanoparticle-assisted Selective Photothermolysis of Adipose Tissue (NanoLipo).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Conventional suction-assisted lipectomy (SAL) often results in contour irregularity. Selective photothermal heating of adipose tissue by polymer-coated gold nanorods energized by an external near-infrared exposure at 800 nm is introduced in this work to facilitate fat removal.
  
  
  METHODS
  The effects of NanoLipo were examined in food-grade porcine abdominal tissue (skin, fat, and fascia) by histology. The efficacy of NanoLipo was compared with that of conventional SAL in vivo in Yucatan mini pigs by quantification of removed subcutaneous tissue and fatty acids and ultrasound measurement of adipose layer thickness.
  
  
  RESULTS
  NanoLipo led to the appearance of disruptions in adipose tissue that were not apparent in control groups in ex vivo samples. NanoLipo allowed removal of more subcutaneous tissue (~33% vs ~25% of removed material, P < 0.05) and approximately twice as much free fatty acids (~60% vs ~30% of removed tissue, P < 0.05) in comparison with conventional SAL. Most importantly, NanoLipo led to a greater decrease in adipose layer thickness at 1 month post surgery (P < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  NanoLipo facilitates removal of a greater quantity of fat and requires less suction time (4 vs 10 minutes) than conventional SAL. As the safety of poly(ethylene-glycol)-coated gold nanorods is well-established, a clinical trial is currently being organized.
authors.affiliation: Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, Calif.; Materials Science and Engineering Program, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, Calif.; Department of Biology, Union College, Schenectady, N.Y.; Department of Surgery, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Las Vegas, Nev.; Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa.; and Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Newark, N.J.
authors.forename: Wangzhong
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Sheng
authors.affiliation: Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, Calif.; Materials Science and Engineering Program, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, Calif.; Department of Biology, Union College, Schenectady, N.Y.; Department of Surgery, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Las Vegas, Nev.; Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa.; and Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Newark, N.J.
authors.forename: Ali H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Alhasan
authors.affiliation: Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, Calif.; Materials Science and Engineering Program, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, Calif.; Department of Biology, Union College, Schenectady, N.Y.; Department of Surgery, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Las Vegas, Nev.; Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa.; and Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Newark, N.J.
authors.forename: Gabriella
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: DiBernardo
authors.affiliation: Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, Calif.; Materials Science and Engineering Program, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, Calif.; Department of Biology, Union College, Schenectady, N.Y.; Department of Surgery, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Las Vegas, Nev.; Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa.; and Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Newark, N.J.
authors.forename: Khalid M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Almutairi
authors.affiliation: Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, Calif.; Materials Science and Engineering Program, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, Calif.; Department of Biology, Union College, Schenectady, N.Y.; Department of Surgery, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Las Vegas, Nev.; Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa.; and Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Newark, N.J.
authors.forename: J Peter
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Rubin
authors.affiliation: Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, Calif.; Materials Science and Engineering Program, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, Calif.; Department of Biology, Union College, Schenectady, N.Y.; Department of Surgery, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Las Vegas, Nev.; Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa.; and Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Newark, N.J.
authors.forename: Barry E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: DiBernardo
authors.affiliation: Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, Calif.; Materials Science and Engineering Program, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, Calif.; Department of Biology, Union College, Schenectady, N.Y.; Department of Surgery, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Las Vegas, Nev.; Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa.; and Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Newark, N.J.
authors.forename: Adah
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Almutairi