title: Synergistic effect of hydrotrope and surfactant on solubility and dissolution of atorvastatin calcium: screening factorial design followed by ratio optimization.
abstract: The present study was aimed at investigating the effect of hydrotrope and surfactant on poor solubility of atorvastatin calcium. Excipients screening followed by factorial design was performed to study effect of excipients and manufacturing methods on solubility of drug. Three independent factors (carrier, surfactant and manufacturing method) were evaluated at two levels using solubility as a dependant variable. Solid-state characterisation was performed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry. Optimised complex were incorporated into orally disintegrating micro tablets and in vitro dissolution test was performed. Nicotinamide, Plasdone and sodium dodecyl sulphate were emerged as promising excipients from excipient screening. General regression analysis revealed only the type of carrier has significantly enhanced (P<0.05) the solubility of drug while other factors were found to be nonsignificant. Ratio optimisation trial revealed that drug to nicotinamide ratio is more critical in enhancing the solubility of drug (40 fold increases in solubility compared to pure drug) in comparison to drug-surfactant ratio; however the presence of surfactant deemed essential. Significantly higher rate and extent of dissolution was observed from solid dispersion complex and tablets compared to dissolution of pure drug (P<0.05). Study revealed hydrotrope and surfactant have synergistic effect on solubility and dissolution of atorvastatin calcium and this can be explored further.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield AL10 9AB, UK.
authors.forename: V F
authors.initials: VF
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield AL10 9AB, UK.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sarai
keywords: Hydrotrope; atorvastatin calcium; factorial design; orally disintegrating microtablets; solid dispersion; surfactant