title: Patient-Reported Outcome (PRO) questionnaires for young to middle-aged adults with hip and groin disability: a systematic review of the clinimetric evidence.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To recommend Patient-Reported Outcome (PRO) questionnaires to measure hip and groin disability in young-aged to middle-aged adults.
  
  
  METHODS
  A systematic review was performed in June 2014. The methodological quality of the studies included was determined using the COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments list (COSMIN) together with standardised evaluations of measurement properties of each PRO.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty studies were included. Nine different questionnaires for patients with hip disability, and one for hip and groin disability, were identified. Hip And Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS), Hip Outcome Score (HOS), International Hip Outcome Tool-12 (IHOT-12) and IHOT-33 were the most thoroughly investigated PROs and studies including these PROs reported key aspects of the COSMIN checklist. HAGOS and IHOT-12 were based on studies with the least ratings of poor study methodology (23% and 31%, respectively), whereas IHOT-33 and HOS had a somewhat larger distribution (46%). These PROs all contain adequate measurement qualities for content validity (except HOS), test-retest reliability, construct validity, responsiveness and interpretability. No information or poor quality rating on methodological aspects made it impossible to fully evaluate the remaining PROs at present.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HAGOS, HOS, IHOT-12 and IHOT-33 can be recommended for assessment of young-aged to middle-aged adults with pain related to the hip joint, undergoing non-surgical treatment or hip arthroscopy. At present, HAGOS is the only PRO also aimed for young-aged to middle-aged adults presenting with groin pain and is recommended for use in this population.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  CRD42014009995.
authors.affiliation: Sports Orthopedic Research Centre-Copenhagen, Arthroscopic Centre Amager, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Thorborg
authors.affiliation: Sports Medical Centre Papendal, Arnhem, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tijssen
authors.affiliation: Sports Medical Centre Papendal, Arnhem, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Habets
authors.affiliation: The Parker Institute, Copenhagen University Hospital, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Bartels
authors.affiliation: Institute of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Roos
authors.affiliation: Australian Centre for Research into Injury in Sport and its Prevention (ACRISP), Federation University Australia, Ballarat, Australia.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kemp
authors.affiliation: School of Health and Rehabilitation Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
authors.forename: K M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Crossley
authors.affiliation: Sports Orthopedic Research Centre-Copenhagen, Arthroscopic Centre Amager, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hölmich
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D006233:Persons with Disabilities / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006119:Groin; D006552:Hernia, Inguinal / Q000209:etiology; D006615:Hip; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D063868:Patient Outcome Assessment; D011594:Psychometrics; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires / Q000592:standards*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Evidence based review; Groin; Hip; Orthopaedics; Sports medicine