title: Clostridium oryzae sp. nov., from soil of a Japanese rice field.
abstract: An obligately anaerobic bacterial strain designated KC3(T) was isolated from a rice straw-degrading culture, for which soil of a Japanese rice field was used as the inoculum. Cells of strain KC3(T) were determined to be non-cellulolytic, Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, ellipsoidal, spore-forming rods, 0.8-1×4-25 µm. Endospores were formed at a terminal position in elongated cells (12-25 µm, mean 15 µm). The temperature range for growth was 20-50 °C, with an optimum at 37 °C. The pH range for growth was 5.0-7.5, with an optimum at pH 6.0 (slightly acidophilic). Strain KC3(T) fermented cellobiose to lactate, butyrate, acetate, formate, hydrogen and carbon dioxide. The major cellular fatty acids (>10 %) were C14 : 0, C16 : 0 and C19 : 0 cyclo 11,12 dimethylacetal. The DNA G+C content of strain KC3(T) was 37.5 mol%. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain KC3(T) shared low sequence similarity (<93 %) with type strains of the genus Clostridium sensu stricto (Clostridium rRNA cluster I). Analyses of the DNA gyrase A and ATP synthase beta subunit sequences supported the affiliation of strain KC3(T) to the genus Clostridium sensu stricto. The evidence presented here indicates that strain KC3(T) represents a novel species of the genus Clostridium, for which the name Clostridium oryzae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Clostridium oryzae is KC3(T) ( = DSM 28571(T) = NBRC 110163(T)).
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science, Hirosaki University, 3 Bunkyo-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8561, Japan.
authors.forename: Haruka
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Horino
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science, Hirosaki University, 3 Bunkyo-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8561, Japan.
authors.forename: Miyuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science, Hirosaki University, 3 Bunkyo-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8561, Japan.
authors.forename: Akio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tonouchi
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D015373:Bacterial Typing Techniques; D001482:Base Composition; D019149:Bioreactors / Q000382:microbiology; D003013:Clostridium / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D005798:Genes, Bacterial; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D012275:Oryza / Q000382:microbiology*; D010802:Phylogeny; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D012988:Soil Microbiology
chemical_list: D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D005227:Fatty Acids; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S