title: High-density optrodes for multi-scale electrophysiology and optogenetic stimulation.
abstract: We demonstrate the design and implementation of hybrid optical-electrical probes (`optrodes') for high resolution electrophysiology and optogenetic stimulation of neurons in multiple brain areas. Our 64-channel implantable optrodes are minimally invasive (50 μm × 20 μm) and span 1~2 mm. To minimize tethering forces on the brain tissue a monolithic high-density flexible cable (6 μm thin) connects the probe to a lightweight headstage (1.3 gr, 256 channel configuration) designed for awake, freely-behaving small animals. A polymer-based multi-channel photonic light delivery system is integrated on shank in a separate layer, providing local optogenetic stimulation of the neural population adjacent to the probe. The entire manufacturing process, including the nanofabrication of the optrodes, post-fabrication assembly, and surgical implantation procedures are designed to be scalable, high-yield, and high-throughput.
authors.forename: Maysamreza
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chamanzar
authors.forename: Mykhailo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Borysov
authors.forename: Michel M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Maharbiz
authors.forename: Timothy J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Blanche
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000502:physiology; D017097:Electric Impedance; D004560:Electricity; D004566:Electrodes; D055724:Electrophysiological Phenomena; D004594:Electrophysiology / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D004867:Equipment Design; D008027:Light; D051379:Mice; D009474:Neurons / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D062308:Optogenetics / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted; D014793:Visual Cortex / Q000502:physiology; D014851:Wakefulness
chemical_list: D011108:Polymers