title: Supervisor Autonomy and Considerate Leadership Style are Associated with Supervisors' Likelihood to Accommodate Back Injured Workers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the association between supervisors' leadership style and autonomy and supervisors' likelihood of supporting job accommodations for back-injured workers.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional study of supervisors from Canadian and US employers was conducted using a web-based, self-report questionnaire that included a case vignette of a back-injured worker. Autonomy and two dimensions of leadership style (considerate and initiating structure) were included as exposures. The outcome, supervisors' likeliness to support job accommodation, was measured with the Job Accommodation Scale (JAS). We conducted univariate analyses of all variables and bivariate analyses of the JAS score with each exposure and potential confounding factor. We used multivariable generalized linear models to control for confounding factors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 796 supervisors participated. Considerate leadership style (β = .012; 95% CI .009-.016) and autonomy (β = .066; 95% CI .025-.11) were positively associated with supervisors' likelihood to accommodate after adjusting for appropriate confounding factors. An initiating structure leadership style was not significantly associated with supervisors' likelihood to accommodate (β = .0018; 95% CI -.0026 to .0061) after adjusting for appropriate confounders.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Autonomy and a considerate leadership style were positively associated with supervisors' likelihood to accommodate a back-injured worker. Providing supervisors with more autonomy over decisions of accommodation and developing their considerate leadership style may aid in increasing work accommodation for back-injured workers and preventing prolonged work disability.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Sciences, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, ON, P7B 5E1, Canada, cmcguir4@lakeheadu.ca.
authors.forename: Connor
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: McGuire
authors.forename: Vicki L
authors.initials: VL
authors.lastname: Kristman
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Shaw
authors.forename: Kelly
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Williams-Whitt
authors.forename: Paula
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Reguly
authors.forename: Sophie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Soklaridis
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002170:Canada; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007857:Leadership; D017116:Low Back Pain; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009934:Organization and Administration; D026684:Personal Autonomy; D010559:Personnel Management / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D066270:Social Capital; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014481:United States; D016526:Workload; D055815:Young Adult