title: Birth Weight, Insulin Resistance, and Blood Pressure in Late Preterm Infants.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aims to compare insulin sensitivity, lipid profile, and blood pressure in late preterm infants born at appropriate for gestational age (AGA) and small for gestational age (SGA).
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a prospective, observational study on AGA and SGA late preterm infants. Blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, insulin, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), insulin resistance, and lipid profile were measured on the 1st day and in the 2nd week of life.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall 81 infants (41 AGA and 40 SGA) were included in the study. At the time of enrollment, there was no difference in blood pressure, insulin resistance, and lipid profile. At follow-up SGA patients had significantly decreased diastolic blood pressure (48 ± 11 mm Hg vs. 42 ± 11 mm Hg, p = 0.04), and decreased IGF-1 (139 ng/mL [119-153] vs. 124 ng/mL [115-138], p = 0.05). No linear association was found between the insulin resistance and either birth weight percentile, day of life, or average 1st week daily caloric intake.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  As compared with AGA, SGA late preterm infants had lower diastolic blood pressure and lower IGF-1 during the 2nd week of life, but similar insulin resistance and lipid profile. We speculate that although metabolic derangements in SGA infants could have occurred at a much earlier age in fetal life, their manifestations may not be present in the immediate postnatal life.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neonatology, The George Washington University and Children's National Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia.
authors.forename: Hany
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Aly
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
authors.forename: Reem M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Soliman
authors.affiliation: Department of Neonatology, The George Washington University and Children's National Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia.
authors.forename: Mohamed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: El-Dib
authors.affiliation: National Nutrition Institute, Cairo, Egypt.
authors.forename: Enas M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Fawzy
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
authors.forename: Nora E
authors.initials: NE
authors.lastname: Badawi
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Chemical Pathology, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
authors.forename: Walaa A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Rabie
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
authors.forename: Ayman A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Elbadawi
mesh_terms: D001724:Birth Weight / Q000502:physiology*; D001794:Blood Pressure; D004534:Egypt; D005260:Female; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature / Q000097:blood*; D007236:Infant, Small for Gestational Age / Q000097:blood*; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000032:analysis; D007363:Intensive Care Units, Neonatal; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies
chemical_list: D007328:Insulin; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I