title: Radiopaque, iodine functionalized, phenylalanine-based poly(ester urea)s.
abstract: The synthesis and characterization of iodine-functionalized phenylalanine-based poly(ester urea)s (PEUs) are reported. 4-Iodo-L-phenylalanine and L-phenylalanine were separately reacted with 1,6-hexanediol to produce two monomers, bis-4-I-L-phenylalanine-1,6-hexanediol-diester (1-IPHE-6 monomer) and bis-L-phenylalanine-1,6-hexanediol-diester (1-PHE-6 monomer). By varying the feed ratio of the 1-IPHE-6 and 1-PHE-6 monomers, the copolymer composition was modulated resulting in a wide variation in thermal, mechanical and radiopacity properties. Microcomputed tomography (μ-CT) projections demonstrate that increasing iodine content results in greater X-ray contrast. Compression tests of dry and wet porous scaffolds indicate that the poly(1-IPHE-6)0.24-co-poly(1-PHE-6)0.76 material results in the highest compression modulus. MC3T3 cell viability and spreading studies show PEUs are nontoxic to cells. As most medical device procedures require placement verification via fluoroscopic imaging, materials that possess inherent X-ray contrast are valuable for a number of applications.
authors.affiliation: Departments of †Polymer Science and ‡Biomedical Engineering, The University of Akron , Akron, Ohio 44325, United States.
authors.forename: Shan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Jiayi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Mary Beth
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Wade
authors.forename: Gina M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Policastro
authors.forename: Matthew L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Becker
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000502:physiology; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D041681:NIH 3T3 Cells; D010649:Phenylalanine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D011091:Polyesters / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D014508:Urea / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D011091:Polyesters; C492424:poly(ester-urea); D010649:Phenylalanine; D014508:Urea; C049181:4-iodophenylalanine