title: Pacemakers and implantable cardioverter defibrillators, unknown to chest radiography: review, complications and systematic reading.
abstract: Chest X-ray is the imaging technique of choice for an initial study of pacemakers and implantable cardio-defibrillators (ICD). Radiologists have an important role in the evaluation of its initial placement and in the assessment during its follow-up. For this reason, it is necessary to know not only the different existing devices and its components but also the reasons of malfunction or possible complications. The purpose of this article is to do a systematic review of the different types of pacemakers and ICD. We review their usual radiological appearances, the possible complications which might take place and its causes of malfunctioning.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Hospital Doctor Peset, Av/Gaspar Aguilar 90, Valencia 46017, Spain. Electronic address: salaiger@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Salvador Pascual
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Alandete Germán
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Hospital Doctor Peset, Av/Gaspar Aguilar 90, Valencia 46017, Spain. Electronic address: isarria@comv.es.
authors.forename: Santiago
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Isarria Vidal
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Hospital Doctor Peset, Av/Gaspar Aguilar 90, Valencia 46017, Spain. Electronic address: domingo.luimon@gmail.com.
authors.forename: María Luisa
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Domingo Montañana
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Hospital Doctor Peset, Av/Gaspar Aguilar 90, Valencia 46017, Spain. Electronic address: esviao82@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Esperanza
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: De la Vía Oraá
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Hospital Doctor Peset, Av/Gaspar Aguilar 90, Valencia 46017, Spain. Electronic address: vilarsamper@gmail.com.
authors.forename: José
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vilar Samper
mesh_terms: D017147:Defibrillators, Implantable / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004868:Equipment Failure; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D010138:Pacemaker, Artificial / Q000009:adverse effects*; D056888:Patient Positioning; D061214:Patient Safety; D013902:Radiography, Thoracic / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods
keywords: Cardiac device; Cardiovascular imaging; Complications; Implantable cardio-defibrillators; Pacemaker