title: Structural evolution of colloidal crystal films in the process of melting revealed by Bragg peak analysis.
abstract: In situ X-ray diffraction studies of structural evolution of colloidal crystal films formed by polystyrene spherical particles upon incremental heating are reported. The Bragg peak parameters, such as peak position, integrated intensity, and radial and azimuthal widths were analyzed as a function of temperature. A quantitative study of colloidal crystal lattice distortions and mosaic spread as a function of temperature was carried out using Williamson-Hall plots based on mosaic block model. The temperature dependence of the diameter of polystyrene particles was obtained from the analysis of Bragg peaks, and the form factor contribution extracted from the diffraction patterns. Four stages of structural evolution in a colloidal crystal upon heating were identified. Based on this analysis, a model of the heating and melting process in the colloidal crystal film is suggested.
authors.affiliation: †Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany.|‡Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography RAS, Leninskii pr. 59, 119333 Moscow, Russia.
authors.forename: Elena A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Sulyanova
authors.affiliation: †Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Anatoly
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shabalin
authors.affiliation: †Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Alexey V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Zozulya
authors.affiliation: §Van 't Hoff laboratory for Physical and Colloid Chemistry, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3508 TB Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Janne-Mieke
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Meijer
authors.affiliation: †Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany.|∥National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), Kashirskoye ch. 31, 115409 Moscow, Russia.
authors.forename: Dmitry
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Dzhigaev
authors.affiliation: †Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany.|⊥NRC Kurchatov Institute, Akademika Kurchatova pl. 1, 123182 Moscow, Russia.
authors.forename: Oleg
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Gorobtsov
authors.affiliation: #European XFEL GmbH, Albert-Einstein-Ring 19, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Ruslan P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Kurta
authors.affiliation: †Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany.|∇National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University (TPU), Lenina pr. 2a, 634028 Tomsk, Russia.
authors.forename: Sergey
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lazarev
authors.affiliation: ○Department of Chemistry, University of Potsdam, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany.
authors.forename: Ulf
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Lorenz
authors.affiliation: ◆University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, California 92093, United States.
authors.forename: Andrej
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Singer
authors.affiliation: ¶Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, DESY, Notkestraße 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Oleksandr
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Yefanov
authors.affiliation: †Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany.|∥National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), Kashirskoye ch. 31, 115409 Moscow, Russia.
authors.forename: Ivan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Zaluzhnyy
authors.affiliation: †Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany.|∥National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), Kashirskoye ch. 31, 115409 Moscow, Russia.
authors.forename: Ilya
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Besedin
authors.affiliation: †Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sprung
authors.affiliation: §Van 't Hoff laboratory for Physical and Colloid Chemistry, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3508 TB Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Andrei V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Petukhov
authors.affiliation: †Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany.|∥National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), Kashirskoye ch. 31, 115409 Moscow, Russia.
authors.forename: Ivan A
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Vartanyants