title: Extent of secondary intraventricular hemorrhage is an independent predictor of outcomes in intracerebral hemorrhage: data from the Helsinki ICH Study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Intraventricular hemorrhage is a severe subtype of intracerebral hemorrhage associated with high mortality and poor outcome.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We analyzed various intraventricular hemorrhage scores at baseline to find common parameters associated with increased mortality.
  
  
  METHODS
  Consecutive intracerebral hemorrhage patients treated in Helsinki University Central Hospital during 2005-2010 were included in the Helsinki Intracerebral Hemorrhage Study registry and analyzed for three-month mortality.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After excluding lost-to-follow-up patients, 967 intracerebral hemorrhage patients were included, out of whom 398 (41%) had intraventricular hemorrhage. Intraventricular hemorrhage patients, compared with nonintraventricular hemorrhage patients, had lower baseline Glasgow Coma Scale [median 12 (IQR 6-15) vs. 15 (13-15); P < 0.001] and higher National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale [18 (10-27) vs. 7 (3-14); P < 0.001] scores; larger intracerebral hemorrhage volumes [17 ml (7.2-42) vs. 6.8 (2.4-18); P < 0.001] and more often hydrocephalus (51% vs. 9%; P < 0.001); and higher mortality rates (54% vs. 18%; P < 0.001). In multivariable analysis, the presence of intraventricular hemorrhage was independently associated with mortality [OR 2.05 (95% CI 1.36-3.09)] when adjusted for well-known prognostic factors of intracerebral hemorrhage, i.e. age, gender, baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, intracerebral hemorrhage volume, infratentorial location, and etiology.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The presence of intraventricular hemorrhage was independently associated with increased mortality, and all the intraventricular hemorrhage scores were strong predictors of three-month mortality.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Satu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mustanoja
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Jarno
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Satopää
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.|Departments of Medicine and the Florey, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: Atte
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Meretoja
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Jukka
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Putaala
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Strbian
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Sami
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Curtze
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Haapaniemi
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Tiina
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sairanen
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Mika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Niemelä
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Markku
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kaste
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Turgut
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tatlisumak
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002543:Cerebral Hemorrhage / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D005387:Finland; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D015600:Glasgow Coma Scale; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011379:Prognosis; D012042:Registries; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index
keywords: intracerebral hemorrhage; intraventricular hemorrhage; stroke