title: A comparison of pressure distributions between two types of sockets in a bulbous stump.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This article describes a total surface bearing prosthetic socket for a patient (25-year-old female) with a bulbous stump.
  
  
  METHODS
  The subject had unstable excessive soft tissue at the distal end of the residuum. After 2 years of prosthetic use, she experienced several problems, including pain in the residual limb and knee joint. Pressure distribution was evaluated during ambulation. We also designed a total surface bearing socket with Velcro as suspension system to distribute the load evenly on the residual limb, and to facilitate donning procedure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The main site of weight bearing in the old prosthesis (patellar tendon bearing) was anterior proximal region of the residual limb, especially the patellar tendon. The pressure was almost 10 times higher than the distal region during level walking. Pressures were distributed more evenly with the total surface bearing socket design, and the donning was much easier.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pressure distribution within the socket could be affected by socket design and suspension system. Using the total surface bearing socket and Velcro as suspension system might facilitate donning of prosthesis and reduce traction at the end of residual limb during the swing phase of gait.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Proper socket design and suspension system based on the amputees' need can facilitate rehabilitation process and lead to the amputee's satisfaction. The pressure is distributed more uniformly over the residual limb by the total surface bearing socket compared to the patellar tendon bearing socket for lower limb amputees with unusual stump shape.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia gholizadeh87@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Hossein
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gholizadeh
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Noor Azuan
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Abu Osman
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Arezoo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Eshraghi
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Nooranida
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Arifin
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Tze Yang
authors.initials: TY
authors.lastname: Chung
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000671:Amputation, Surgical; D000672:Amputation Stumps; D001186:Artificial Limbs; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D011474:Prosthesis Design; D013977:Tibia; D016138:Walking / Q000502:physiology*; D016474:Weight-Bearing / Q000502:physiology*
keywords: Prosthetic suspension; amputee; residual limb; transtibial prosthesis