title: Evaluation of the inhibition of carbohydrate hydrolyzing enzymes, the antioxidant activity, and the polyphenolic content of Citrus limetta peel extract.
abstract: Type 2 diabetes mellitus is one of the most frequent causes of death in Mexico, characterized by chronic hyperglycemia. One alternative strategy for this metabolic abnormality is inhibiting the enzymes responsible for the metabolism of carbohydrates. We evaluated whether the aqueous Citrus limetta peel extract could inhibit the metabolism of carbohydrates. We found that this extract inhibited primarily the enzyme α-amylase by 49.6% at a concentration of 20 mg/mL and to a lesser extent the enzyme α-glucosidase with an inhibition of 28.2% at the same concentration. This inhibition is likely due to the high polyphenol content in the Citrus limetta peel (19.1 mg GAE/g). Antioxidant activity of the Citrus limetta peel demonstrated dose-dependent antioxidant activity, varying from 6.5% at 1.125 mg/mL to 42.5% at 20 mg/mL. The study of these polyphenolic compounds having both antihyperglycemic and antioxidant activities may provide a new approach to the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
authors.affiliation: Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, A.C., Avenida Normalistas 800, Colinas de la Normal, 44270 Guadalajara, JAL, Mexico.
authors.forename: Eduardo
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-4783-841X
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Padilla-Camberos
authors.affiliation: Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, A.C., Avenida Normalistas 800, Colinas de la Normal, 44270 Guadalajara, JAL, Mexico.
authors.forename: Estefania
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-7742-2218
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lazcano-Díaz
authors.affiliation: Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, A.C., Avenida Normalistas 800, Colinas de la Normal, 44270 Guadalajara, JAL, Mexico.
authors.forename: José Miguel
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Flores-Fernandez
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Lagos State University, PMB 0001, Lasu Post Office, Ojo, Lagos, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Moses S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Owolabi
authors.affiliation: Lancaster Medical School, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YG, UK.
authors.forename: Kirk
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-5962-1704
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Allen
authors.affiliation: Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, A.C., Avenida Normalistas 800, Colinas de la Normal, 44270 Guadalajara, JAL, Mexico.
authors.forename: Socorro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Villanueva-Rodríguez
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry; D050260:Carbohydrate Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects; D002957:Citrus / Q000737:chemistry*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology; D008800:Mexico; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D059808:Polyphenols / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry; D000516:alpha-Amylases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D010936:Plant Extracts; D059808:Polyphenols; D000516:alpha-Amylases