title: Cytocompatibility and early osseointegration of nanoTiO2-modified Ti-24 Nb-4 Zr-7.9 Sn surfaces.
abstract: This study aimed to evaluate the cytocompatibility and early osseointegration of Ti-24 Nb-4 Zr-7.9 Sn (Ti-2448) surfaces that were modified with a nanoscale TiO2 coating. The coating was fabricated using a hydrothermal synthesis method to generate nanoTiO2/Ti-2448. The surface characteristics of the samples were evaluated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The cytotoxicity of the fabricated nanoTiO2/Ti-2448 was determined using MTT assays. The proliferation and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity of MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts cultured on nanoTiO2/Ti-2448 were compared with those cultured on Ti-2448. Disk-shaped implants were placed in Wistar rats. The histological sections were stained with haematoxylin and eosin (HE), and the histocompatibility was analysed at 4 and 12weeks post-implantation. Cylindrical implants were embedded in Japanese white rabbits, and the histological sections were stained with HE and anti-TGF-β1 to evaluate the histocompatibility and early osseointegration at 4, 12 and 26weeks post-implantation. NanoTiO2/Ti-2448 exhibited a rougher surface than did Ti-2448. NanoTiO2/Ti-2448 was determined to be non-cytotoxic. More osteoblasts and higher ALP activity were observed for nanoTiO2/Ti-2448 than Ti-2448 (p<0.05). Few inflammatory cells were detected around nanoTiO2/Ti-2448, and the expression of TGF-β1 on nanoTiO2/Ti-2448 peaked at earlier time than that on Ti-2448. The results indicate that the cytocompatibility and early osseointegration were enhanced by the nanoTiO2 coating.
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthodontics, China Medical University School of Stomatology, Shenyang, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: X H
authors.initials: XH
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthodontics, China Medical University School of Stomatology, Shenyang, People's Republic of China. Electronic address: wulin13@163.com.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthodontics, China Medical University School of Stomatology, Shenyang, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Ai
authors.affiliation: State Key laboratory for Mechanical Behaviour of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthodontics, China Medical University School of Stomatology, Shenyang, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hu
mesh_terms: D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000378:metabolism; D000497:Alloys / Q000737:chemistry*; D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line / Q000187:drug effects; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D020007:Implants, Experimental; D008297:Male; D008422:Materials Testing / Q000379:methods; D009556:Niobium / Q000737:chemistry; D016348:Osseointegration; D011817:Rabbits; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D040521:Subcutaneous Tissue; D013499:Surface Properties; D014001:Tin / Q000737:chemistry; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1 / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000497:Alloys; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1; D009556:Niobium; C009495:titanium dioxide; D014001:Tin; D014025:Titanium; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase
keywords: Cytocompatibility; Histocompatibility; Nanostructures; Osseointegration; Surface modification; β-Type titanium alloy