title: Half-dose gadoxetic acid-enhanced liver magnetic resonance imaging in patients at risk for nephrogenic systemic fibrosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the feasibility of half-dose gadoxetic acid (0.0125mmol/kg) for liver MRI at 3-T compared to standard-dose (0.025mmol/kg) in patients at risk for nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF).
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty patients who underwent both half-dose and standard-dose gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRIs were included. Contrast enhancement index (CEI) was calculated for liver, aorta, pancreas and kidney. Two observers independently rated and performed a one-to-one direct comparison of enhancement quality for both groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Liver CEIs were not significantly different on arterial phase between the two groups but CEIs of standard-dose MRIs were greater than half-dose MRIs on other phases (P<0.001). CEIs were not significantly different on arterial phase for the aorta or on any phases for the pancreas. Kidney CEIs of standard-dose MRIs were greater than half-dose MRIs on all phases (P<0.05). Enhancement quality of both groups was diagnostic and did not significantly differ for any organs. In one-to-one direct comparisons of enhancement quality, equal ratings were given in 87.5% (35/40) of cases by observer 1 and 85.0% (34/40) by observer 2.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Liver MRI using half-dose gadoxetic acid at 3-T can be a feasible alternative for standard-dose MRI in patients at risk for NSF.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Center for Imaging Science, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-Ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 135-710, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Kyoung Doo
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Center for Imaging Science, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-Ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 135-710, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: kshyun@skku.edu.
authors.forename: Seong Hyun
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Center for Imaging Science, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-Ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 135-710, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jisun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Center for Imaging Science, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-Ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 135-710, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Kyung A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.affiliation: Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology Center, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-Ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 135-710, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Joungyoun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology Center, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-Ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 135-710, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Heejin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yoo
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000473:pathology*; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D054989:Nephrogenic Fibrosing Dermopathy / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000517:prevention & control*; D010179:Pancreas / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; C073590:gadolinium ethoxybenzyl DTPA; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA
keywords: Gadoxetic acid; Half dose; Magnetic resonance imaging; Qualitative; Quantitative