title: Integrated control of an acaricide-resistant strain of the cattle tick Rhipicephalus microplus by applying Metarhizium anisopliae associated with cypermethrin and chlorpyriphos under field conditions.
abstract: The efficacy of the fungus Metarhizium anisopliae to control ticks has been shown in several in vitro experiments. However, few studies have been undertaken in field conditions in order to demonstrate the applicability of its use as a biological control of ticks and its combination with chemical acaricides. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of M. anisopliae to control an acaricide-resistant strain of Rhipicephalus microplus under laboratory and field conditions. First, the compatibility of M. anisopliae strain (TIS-BR03) with commercial acaricides and its potential to control the cattle tick were evaluated in vitro. In general, acaricide treatments had mild effects on fungus viability. In the field experiment, the median of treatment efficacy with acaricide only, M. anisopliae only and combination of M. anisopliae with acaricide were 71.1%, 56.3% and 97.9%, respectively. There is no statistical difference between groups treated with M. anisopliae and acaricide alone. Thus, in this work we have demonstrated the applicability of M. anisopliae use associated or not with chemical acaricides on field conditions in order to control an acaricide-resistant strain of the cattle tick R. microplus.
authors.affiliation: Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor (IPVDF), Fundação Estadual de Pesquisa Agropecuária (FEPAGRO), Eldorado do Sul, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Anelise
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Webster
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor (IPVDF), Fundação Estadual de Pesquisa Agropecuária (FEPAGRO), Eldorado do Sul, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: José
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Reck
authors.affiliation: Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Lucélia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Santi
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor (IPVDF), Fundação Estadual de Pesquisa Agropecuária (FEPAGRO), Eldorado do Sul, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ugo A
authors.initials: UA
authors.lastname: Souza
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor (IPVDF), Fundação Estadual de Pesquisa Agropecuária (FEPAGRO), Eldorado do Sul, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Dall'Agnol
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor (IPVDF), Fundação Estadual de Pesquisa Agropecuária (FEPAGRO), Eldorado do Sul, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Guilherme M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Klafke
authors.affiliation: Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Walter O
authors.initials: WO
authors.lastname: Beys-da-Silva
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor (IPVDF), Fundação Estadual de Pesquisa Agropecuária (FEPAGRO), Eldorado do Sul, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: João Ricardo
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Martins
authors.affiliation: Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. Electronic address: aschrank@cbiot.ufrgs.br.
authors.forename: Augusto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schrank
mesh_terms: D056810:Acaricides / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000628:therapy*; D004390:Chlorpyrifos / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004351:Drug Resistance; D005260:Female; D052981:Metarhizium / Q000502:physiology*; D011722:Pyrethrins / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D048494:Rhipicephalus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000382:microbiology*; D013983:Tick Control; D013984:Tick Infestations / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000628:therapy / Q000662:veterinary*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D056810:Acaricides; D011722:Pyrethrins; C017160:cypermethrin; D004390:Chlorpyrifos
keywords: Acaripathogenic fungi; Biological control; Fungus; Ixodidae; Organophosphate; Pyrethroid