title: Skeletal muscles respond differently when piglets are offered a diet 30% deficient in total sulfur amino acid for 10 days.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Although amino acids (AA) are required for growth, little is known about the effect of a deficient AA supply on the composition and the contractile and metabolic properties of skeletal muscles.
  
  
  METHODS
  Protein metabolism, oxidative catabolism, glutathione system, and fiber-type composition of the longissimus (LM), rhomboideus (RM), and semitendinous (SM) muscles were compared between 42-day-old piglets pair-fed for 10 days either with a diet with a 28% deficient supply of total sulfur AA (TSAA-) or with a diet with a sufficient supply of total sulfur AA (TSAA+).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The relative weight, protein mass, and protein synthesis of LM were 10-32% lower in TSAA- pigs compared with TSAA+ pigs, while RM and SM were not affected by the TSAA supply. The TSAA supply affected the AA composition of muscles. Concentrations of Met and branched-chain AA were, respectively, 7 and 3% lower in TSAA- pigs compared with TSAA+ pigs. The His concentration was 30% higher in LM and SM in TSAA- pigs compared with TSAA+ pigs and unaffected in RM. The activity of citrate synthase was 14% higher in all three muscles of TSAA- pigs. In these pigs, the β-hydroxy-acyl-CoA dehydrogenase activity was 20% higher in RM compared with TSAA+ pigs while that of lactate dehydrogenase was 21% lower in LM. Total and reduced glutathione concentrations were more than 70% greater in RM than in LM or SM, and these concentrations were approximately 10% lower in TSAA- pigs than in TSAA+ pigs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results of this study indicate that a TSAA deficiency affects muscle properties in a muscle-dependent manner increasing the oxidative capacity of RM and reducing growth and glycolytic metabolism of LM.
authors.affiliation: INRA, UMR1348 PEGASE, 35590, Saint-Gilles, France.|Agrocampus Ouest, UMR1348 PEGASE, 35000, Rennes, France.
authors.forename: José Alberto
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Conde-Aguilera
authors.affiliation: INRA, UMR1348 PEGASE, 35590, Saint-Gilles, France.|Agrocampus Ouest, UMR1348 PEGASE, 35000, Rennes, France.
authors.forename: Louis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lefaucheur
authors.affiliation: INRA, UR83 Recherches Avicoles, 37380, Nouzilly, France.
authors.forename: Sophie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tesseraud
authors.affiliation: Adisseo France SAS, 92160, Antony, France.
authors.forename: Yves
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Mercier
authors.affiliation: INRA, UMR1348 PEGASE, 35590, Saint-Gilles, France.|Agrocampus Ouest, UMR1348 PEGASE, 35000, Rennes, France.
authors.forename: Nathalie
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Le Floc'h
authors.affiliation: INRA, UMR1348 PEGASE, 35590, Saint-Gilles, France. jaap.vanmilgen@rennes.inra.fr.|Agrocampus Ouest, UMR1348 PEGASE, 35000, Rennes, France. jaap.vanmilgen@rennes.inra.fr.
authors.forename: Jaap
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: van Milgen
mesh_terms: D000603:Amino Acids, Sulfur / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood / Q000172:deficiency; D000821:Animal Feed / Q000032:analysis*; D000818:Animals; D001835:Body Weight; D004032:Diet / Q000662:veterinary*; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000378:metabolism; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D014176:Protein Biosynthesis; D034421:Sus scrofa / Q000254:growth & development
chemical_list: D000603:Amino Acids, Sulfur; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; D005978:Glutathione
keywords: Glutathione; Methionine; Muscle amino acid composition; Muscle fiber types; Oxidative catabolism enzymes; Protein synthesis