title: Pulmonary surfactant in the airway physiology: a direct relaxing effect on the smooth muscle.
abstract: Beside alveoli, surface active material plays an important role in the airway physiology. In the upper airways it primarily serves in local defense. Lower airway surfactant stabilizes peripheral airways, provides the transport and defense, has barrier and anti-edematous functions, and possesses direct relaxant effect on the smooth muscle. We tested in vitro the effect of two surfactant preparations Curosurf® and Alveofact® on the precontracted smooth muscle of intra- and extra-pulmonary airways. Relaxation was more pronounced for lung tissue strip containing bronchial smooth muscle as the primary site of surfactant effect. The study does not confirm the participation of ATP-dependent potassium channels and cAMP-regulated epithelial chloride channels known as CFTR chloride channels, or nitric oxide involvement in contractile response of smooth muscle to surfactant.By controlling wall thickness and airway diameter, pulmonary surfactant is an important component of airway physiology. Thus, surfactant dysfunction may be included in pathophysiology of asthma, COPD, or other diseases with bronchial obstruction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Slovakia. Electronic address: calkovska@jfmed.uniba.sk.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Calkovska
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, FD Roosevelt Faculty Hospital, Banska Bystrica, Slovakia. Electronic address: b.uhliarova@gmail.com.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Uhliarova
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Slovakia. Electronic address: joskova@jfmed.uniba.sk.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Joskova
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Slovakia. Electronic address: franova@jfmed.uniba.sk.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Franova
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Slovakia. Electronic address: maroskolomaznik@gmail.com.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kolomaznik
authors.affiliation: Clinic of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava and University Hospital Martin, Slovakia. Electronic address: calkovsky1@post.sk.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Calkovsky
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Slovakia. Electronic address: smolarova@gmail.com.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Smolarova
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001688:Biological Products / Q000494:pharmacology; D019005:Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D005905:Glyburide / Q000494:pharmacology; D005998:Glycine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D006801:Humans; D006834:Hydrazines / Q000494:pharmacology; D054086:KATP Channels / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D008168:Lung / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D009126:Muscle Relaxation / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D009130:Muscle, Smooth / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester / Q000494:pharmacology; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D010743:Phospholipids / Q000494:pharmacology; D011663:Pulmonary Surfactants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D046509:Tissue Culture Techniques; D014132:Trachea / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D001688:Biological Products; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D006834:Hydrazines; D054086:KATP Channels; C548779:N-(2-naphthalenyl)-((3,5-dibromo-2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)methylene)glycine hydrazide; D010743:Phospholipids; D011663:Pulmonary Surfactants; C078272:SF-RI 1, bovine surfactant preparation; D019005:Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; C068291:poractant alfa; D005905:Glyburide; D005998:Glycine; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester
keywords: Obstruction; Pulmonary surfactant; Relaxation; Smooth muscle; Upper and lower airways