title: Quantification of color vision using a tablet display.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Accurate color vision is essential for optimal performance in aviation and space environments using nonredundant color coding to convey critical information. Most color tests detect color vision deficiency (CVD) but fail to diagnose type or severity of CVD, which are important to link performance to occupational demands. The computer-based Cone Contrast Test (CCT) diagnoses type and severity of CVD. It is displayed on a netbook computer for clinical application, but a more portable version may prove useful for deployments, space and aviation cockpits, as well as accident and sports medicine settings. Our purpose was to determine if the CCT can be conducted on a tablet display (Windows 8, Microsoft, Seattle, WA) using touch-screen response input.
  
  
  METHODS
  The CCT presents colored letters visible only to red (R), green (G), and blue (B) sensitive retinal cones to determine the lowest R, G, and B cone contrast visible to the observer. The CCT was measured in 16 color vision normals (CVN) and 16 CVDs using the standard netbook computer and a Windows 8 tablet display calibrated to produce equal color contrasts.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both displays showed 100% specificity for confirming CVN and 100% sensitivity for detecting CVD. In CVNs there was no difference between scores on netbook vs. tablet displays. G cone CVDs showed slightly lower G cone CCT scores on the tablet.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CVD can be diagnosed with a tablet display. Ease-of-use, portability, and complete computer capabilities make tablets ideal for multiple settings, including aviation, space, military deployments, accidents and rescue missions, and sports vision. Chacon A, Rabin J, Yu D, Johnston S, Bradshaw T. Quantification of color vision using a tablet display.
authors.affiliation: University of the Incarnate Word Rosenberg School of Optometry, San Antonio, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Alicia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chacon
authors.forename: Jeff
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rabin
authors.forename: Dennis
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Shawn
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Johnston
authors.forename: Timothy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bradshaw
mesh_terms: D055253:Color Vision; D003117:Color Vision Defects / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D034201:Computers, Handheld; D015350:Contrast Sensitivity; D006801:Humans; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012720:Severity of Illness Index