title: Flumethrin residue levels in honey from apiaries of China by high-performance liquid chromatography.
abstract: A method for detection of flumethrin residue in honey by high-performance liquid chromatography was established. After n-hexane-dichloromethane (4:6, vol/vol) extraction, the honey samples were concentrated by rotary evaporation, purified by an Oasis HLB solid-phase extraction column, and detected using a UV detector at 267 nm. The interference of the matrix was greatly reduced by optimizing pretreatment conditions; thus, the minimal detection limit of cyhalothrin was 0.005 mg/kg, the average recovery was 80.8 to 96.8%, and the coefficient of variation was 0.6 to 1.5%. The precision and reproducibility of this method was suitable and applicable for detecting flumethrin residue in honey. With this method, 135 honey samples from seven locations in the People's Republic of China were tested; 77 samples tested positive for flumethrin residue, resulting in a detection rate of 75.3%. Samples from the Guangdong province had the highest flumethrin residue level (0.122 mg/kg) of the locations tested. On the basis of analytical validation, the high-performance liquid chromatography has been shown to be a promising alternative for the analysis of flumethrin residue in honey samples.
authors.affiliation: Bee Research Institute, Anhui Agriculture University, Hefei, People's Republic of China 230036.
authors.forename: L S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Bee Research Institute, Anhui Agriculture University, Hefei, People's Republic of China 230036. liufangbgh@163.com.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Bureau of Animal Health and Production, Langxi, Anhui Province, People's Republic of China 242100.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Biotechnology Center, Anhui Agriculture University, Hefei, People's Republic of China 230036.
authors.forename: H R
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science & Technology, Anhui Agriculture University, Hefei, People's Republic of China 230036.
authors.forename: X C
authors.initials: XC
authors.lastname: Ruan
authors.affiliation: Bee Research Institute, Anhui Agriculture University, Hefei, People's Republic of China 230036.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Bee Research Institute, Anhui Agriculture University, Hefei, People's Republic of China 230036.
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Chao
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D056630:Beekeeping; D002681:China; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D006722:Honey / Q000032:analysis*; D009570:Nitriles / Q000032:analysis; D010573:Pesticide Residues / Q000032:analysis*; D011722:Pyrethrins / Q000032:analysis*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D052616:Solid Phase Extraction / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D009570:Nitriles; D010573:Pesticide Residues; D011722:Pyrethrins; C041392:flumethrin; C037304:cyhalothrin