title: The in vitro immune modulatory effect of bisphenol A on fish macrophages via estrogen receptor α and nuclear factor-κB signaling.
abstract: Bisphenol A (BPA) is a well-known environmental endocrine-disrupting chemical. Employing primary macrophages from head kidney of red common carp (Cyprinus carpio), the present study aimed to evaluate the immune modulatory effect of BPA and to explore its potential action mechanism associated with estrogen receptor (ER) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathways. A dynamic response process was observed in macrophages upon various concentrations of BPA exposure, which significantly enhanced the antibacterial activity of macrophages at 0.1, 1, or 10 μg/L, but instead induced the apoptosis at 100, 1000, and 10,000 μg/L. A potential pro-inflammatory effect of BPA exposure was suggested, judging from the increased production of nitrite oxide and reactive oxygen species (ROS), the induction of interleukin-1β mRNA and protein, as well as NF-κB and other NF-κB-associated immune gene expression. Following BPA coexposure with the ER or NF-κB antagonist, the induction of ROS, ERα, and NF-κB-associated immune gene expression was significantly inhibited, implying interaction between those two pathways. This study thus indicated that low doses of BPA exposure alone could significantly disturb the immune response of fish primary macrophages in vitro, and for the first time revealed the synergistic action of ERα and NF-κB transcription factors in the BPA effect.
authors.affiliation: School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University , Shanghai 200444 China.
authors.forename: Ming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Wenhui
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Qiu
authors.forename: Bei
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Jingsi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Shuai
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Minghong
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Ke-Jian
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D001419:Bacteria; D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds / Q000633:toxicity*; D002347:Carps / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha / Q000378:metabolism*; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism*; D010587:Phagocytosis / Q000187:drug effects; D010636:Phenols / Q000633:toxicity*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity*; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds
chemical_list: D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds; D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D016328:NF-kappa B; D010636:Phenols; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C006780:bisphenol A; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds