title: Effects of aquatic exercise and CES treatment on the changes of cognitive function, BDNF, IGF-1, and VEGF of persons with intellectual disabilities.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of aquatic exercise and CES treatment on the cognitive function by using K-WAB and BDNF, IGF-1, and VEGF of persons with intellectual disabilities.
  
  
  METHODS
  All subjects were 15 male with intellectual disabilities who were participating in the aquatic training program and CES treatment during 12 weeks at rehabilitation center. The subjects were divided into control group, exercise group, and exercise+CES group. Blood samples for BDNF, IGF-1, and VEGF were taken from brachial vein at rest between before and after treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results are summarized as follows: Cognitive function level increased significantly in the exercise+CES group compared to those in the exercise and control group. The changes of blood IGF-1 concentration were no significant difference among groups. The changes of blood BDNF and VEGF concentration were significantly increased in exercise group and exercise+CES group than control group. However, blood BDNF and VEGF concentration were significantly difference between exercise group and exercise+CES group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In conclusion, it can be concluded that CES treatment with exercise can amend cognitive function of persons with intellectual disabilities more effectively and increase of BDNF and VEGF by exercise can explain the cognitive function improvement of persons with intellectual disabilities.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Education, Changwon National University, Gyeongnam, Korea.
authors.forename: In Ho
authors.initials: IH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Daejeon University, Deajeon, Korea.
authors.forename: Eun Jung
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Seo
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Education, Changwon National University, Gyeongnam, Korea.
authors.forename: In Soo
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Lim
keywords: Aquatic exercise; BDNF; CES; Cognitive function; IGF-1; VEGF