title: Four foodborne disease outbreaks caused by a new type of enterotoxin-producing Clostridium perfringens.
abstract: The epidemiological and bacteriological investigations on four foodborne outbreaks caused by a new type of enterotoxin-producing Clostridium perfringens are described. C. perfringens isolated from patients of these outbreaks did not produce any known enterotoxin and did not carry the C. perfringens enterotoxin gene. However, the culture filtrates of these isolates induced the accumulation of fluid in rabbit ileal loop tests. The molecular weight of the new enterotoxin may be between 50,000 and 100,000, although the known C. perfringens enterotoxin is ca. 35,000. This new enterotoxin was heat labile, and its biological activities were inactivated by heating for 5 min at 60°C. The new enterotoxin was sensitive to pH values higher than 11.0 and protease treatment but was resistant to trypsin treatment. These results suggest that the new enterotoxin may be a protein. Although C. perfringens enterotoxin induced morphological changes in Vero cells, the changes induced by the new enterotoxin differed from those by the known C. perfringens enterotoxin. The new enterotoxin also induced morphological changes in L929 cells, whereas the known C. perfringens enterotoxin did not, because L929 cells lacked an appropriate enterotoxin receptor. Although C. perfringens enterotoxin is recognized as the only diarrheagenic toxin responsible for C. perfringens foodborne outbreaks, the results of the present study indicate that C. perfringens isolated from these four outbreaks produced a new type of enterotoxin.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health, Tokyo, Japan Chie_Monma@member.metro.tokyo.jp.
authors.forename: Chie
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Monma
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Kaoru
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hatakeyama
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiromi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Obata
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Keiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yokoyama
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Noriko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Konishi
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Itoh
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Akemi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kai
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops; D003015:Clostridium Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D003016:Clostridium perfringens / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000378:metabolism*; D004196:Disease Outbreaks; D004768:Enterotoxins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000378:metabolism*; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D005517:Foodborne Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008970:Molecular Weight; D055550:Protein Stability; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D004768:Enterotoxins