title: Interaction of aflatoxin B1 and fumonisin B1 in mice causes immunotoxicity and oxidative stress: Possible protective role using lactic acid bacteria.
abstract: Aflatoxins (AF) are important foodborne mycotoxins implicated in human health and have immunocytotoxic effects. The aims of this study were to evaluate a new aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and fumonisin B1 (FB1)-binding/degrading micro-organism for biological detoxification, to examine its ability to degrade AFB1 and FB1 in liquid medium, and to evaluate its potential in vivo protective role against any combined effects from AFB1 and FB1 on host splenocyte caspase-3 activity (reflecting DNA damage/cell death) and mRNA levels of select inflammation-regulating cytokines. Balb/c mice were divided into groups (10/group) and treated daily for 2 weeks by oral gavage with AFB1 (80 µg/kg BW), FB1 (100 µg/kg), AFB1 + FB1, or lactic acid bacteria (Lactobacillus paracasei BEJ01, 2 × 10(9) CFU/L, ∼2 mg/kg) - alone or in combination with the AFB1 and/or FB1. After the exposures, spleens were collected for measures of caspase-3 activity, lipid peroxidation (LP), and glutathione (GSH) content, expression of anti-oxidation protective enzymes (GPx and SOD), and mRNA levels of inflammation-regulating cytokines (e.g. IL-10, IL-4, IFNγ, TNFα). Thymii were also removed for analysis of apoptosis. The results indicated that, in the spleen, exposure to the mycotoxins led to increased caspase-3 activity, LP, and IL-10 and IL-4 mRNA levels, but decreased GSH content and down-regulated expression of GPx and SOD, and of IFNγ and TNFα mRNA. Co-treatment using Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) with AFB1 or FB1 suppressed levels of DNA fragmentation, normalized splenic LP and increased GSH levels, up-regulated expression of GPx and SOD, and normalized mRNA levels of the analyzed cytokines. It is concluded that AFB1 and FB1 might have combinational (synergistic moreso than additive) toxic effects in situ. Further, it can be seen that use of LAB induced protective effects against the oxidative stress and (immuno)toxicity of these agents in part through adhesion (and so likely diminished bioavalability).
authors.affiliation: a Unit of Immunology, Environmental Microbiology and Cancerology, Faculty of Sciences , University of Carthage , Tunis , Tunisia and.|b Animal Biotechnology Department , Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Beja, University of Jendouba , Jendouba , Tunisia.
authors.forename: Samir
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Abbès
authors.affiliation: a Unit of Immunology, Environmental Microbiology and Cancerology, Faculty of Sciences , University of Carthage , Tunis , Tunisia and.
authors.forename: Jalila
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ben Salah-Abbès
authors.affiliation: a Unit of Immunology, Environmental Microbiology and Cancerology, Faculty of Sciences , University of Carthage , Tunis , Tunisia and.
authors.forename: Rania
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jebali
authors.affiliation: a Unit of Immunology, Environmental Microbiology and Cancerology, Faculty of Sciences , University of Carthage , Tunis , Tunisia and.
authors.forename: Ridha Ben
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Younes
authors.affiliation: a Unit of Immunology, Environmental Microbiology and Cancerology, Faculty of Sciences , University of Carthage , Tunis , Tunisia and.
authors.forename: Ridha
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Oueslati
mesh_terms: D016604:Aflatoxin B1 / Q000633:toxicity*; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004347:Drug Interactions; D005260:Female; D037341:Fumonisins / Q000633:toxicity*; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000378:metabolism*; D007778:Lactobacillus / Q000276:immunology*; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D013154:Spleen / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D037341:Fumonisins; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D019344:Lactic Acid; C056933:fumonisin B1; D016604:Aflatoxin B1; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D053148:Caspase 3; D005978:Glutathione
keywords: Aflatoxin; lactic acid bacteria; oxidative stress; pro-inflammatory cytokines