title: AP-57/C10orf99 is a new type of multifunctional antimicrobial peptide.
abstract: Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are an evolutionarily conserved component of the innate immune response that provides host defence at skin and mucosal surfaces. Here, we report the identification and characterization of a new type human AMPs, termed AP-57 (Antimicrobial Peptide with 57 amino acid residues), which is also known as C10orf99 (chromosome 10 open reading frame 99). AP-57 is a short basic amphiphilic peptide with four cysteines and a net charge +14 (MW = 6.52, PI = 11.28). The highest expression of AP-57 were detected in the mucosa of stomach and colon through immunohistochemical assay. Epithelium of skin and esophagus show obvious positive staining and strong positive staining were also observed in some tumor and/or their adjacent tissues, such as esophagus cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma and invasive ductal carcinoma. AP-57 exhibited broad-spectrum antimicrobial activities against Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus, Actinomyce, and Fungi Aspergillus niger as well as mycoplasma and lentivirus. AP-57 also exhibited DNA binding capacity and specific cytotoxic effects against human B-cell lymphoma Raji. Compared with other human AMPs, AP-57 has its distinct characteristics, including longer sequence length, four cysteines, highly cationic character, cell-specific toxicity, DNA binding and tissue-specific expressing patterns. Together, AP-57 is a new type of multifunctional AMPs worthy further investigation.
authors.affiliation: The State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
authors.forename: Meijia
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: The State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
authors.forename: Mei
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: The State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
authors.forename: Xianjun
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: The State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
authors.forename: Lijia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: The State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
authors.forename: Jiangpeng
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: The State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
authors.forename: Xirui
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.affiliation: The State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
authors.forename: Gang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
authors.forename: Liangxue
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Nankai University School of Medicine/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Tianjin 300071, China.
authors.forename: Na
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.affiliation: The State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China. Electronic address: yuanzhu@scu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Zhu
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.affiliation: The State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China. Electronic address: aipingtong@scu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Aiping
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tong
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D023181:Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D002460:Cell Line; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D017124:Conserved Sequence; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm / Q000378:metabolism; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D014018:Tissue Distribution; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D023181:Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins; C000597433:GPR15LG protein, human
keywords: AMPs; Antibacterial peptide; Antimicrobial Peptide-57; Antimicrobial proteins; C10orf99; Defensins