title: Clinical Significance of SIP1 and E-cadherin in Patients with Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), when epithelial cells convert to mesenchymal cells, influences cancer invasion and metastasis. Smad interacting protein 1 (SIP1) is an EMT trigger, which is inversely correlated with E-cadherin in some carcinomas. To elucidate the role of SIP1 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), the status of EMT and the clinicopathological features were evaluated.
  
  
  METHODS
  Immunohistochemical (IHC) analyses of 111 human ESCC tissue specimens for SIP1 and E-cadherin were performed, and the relationships between the expression and clinicopathological features were evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  IHC analyses of esophageal tumors showed the expression of SIP1 and E-cadherin to be significantly inversely correlated. Significant correlations between the SIP1 expression and clinicopathological variables such as differentiation, depth of invasion, vascular invasion, and pathological stage were also seen. Conversely, tumors with a weak expression of E-cadherin tended to exhibit greater histological differentiation. Logistic regression analyses revealed a positive SIP1 expression, lymphatic invasion, and vascular invasion to be factors predicting lymph node (LN) metastasis. Univariate survival analyses revealed a positive SIP1 expression predicted a poorer overall survival than a negative expression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that SIP1 is correlated with LN metastasis and may therefore be an independent marker for metastasis in patients with ESCC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan, yoshirin@surg2.med.kyushu-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Rintaro
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.forename: Masaru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Morita
authors.forename: Fumihiro
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Shoji
authors.forename: Yuichiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nakashima
authors.forename: Naoko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Miura
authors.forename: Keiji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yoshinaga
authors.forename: Tadashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Koga
authors.forename: Eriko
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tokunaga
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Saeki
authors.forename: Eiji
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Oki
authors.forename: Yoshinao
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Oda
authors.forename: Yoshihiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Maehara
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis; D001808:Blood Vessels / Q000473:pathology; D015820:Cadherins / Q000032:analysis*; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000473:pathology*; D058750:Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D042601:Lymphatic Vessels / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D060787:Neoplasm Grading; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D012097:Repressor Proteins / Q000032:analysis*; D015996:Survival Rate; D000074165:Zinc Finger E-box Binding Homeobox 2
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D015820:Cadherins; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; D012097:Repressor Proteins; C492363:ZEB2 protein, human; D000074165:Zinc Finger E-box Binding Homeobox 2