title: Crosstalk between advanced glycation end products (AGEs)-receptor RAGE axis and dipeptidyl peptidase-4-incretin system in diabetic vascular complications.
abstract: Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) consist of heterogenous group of macroprotein derivatives, which are formed by non-enzymatic reaction between reducing sugars and amino groups of proteins, lipids and nucleic acids, and whose process has progressed at an accelerated rate under diabetes. Non-enzymatic glycation and cross-linking of protein alter its structural integrity and function, contributing to the aging of macromolecules. Furthermore, engagement of receptor for AGEs (RAGE) with AGEs elicits oxidative stress generation and subsequently evokes proliferative, inflammatory, and fibrotic reactions in a variety of cells. Indeed, accumulating evidence has suggested the active involvement of accumulation of AGEs in diabetes-associated disorders such as diabetic microangiopathy, atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases, Alzheimer's disease and osteoporosis. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) are incretins, gut hormones secreted from the intestine in response to food intake, both of which augment glucose-induced insulin release, suppress glucagon secretion, and slow gastric emptying. Since GLP-1 and GIP are rapidly degraded and inactivated by dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4), inhibition of DPP-4 and/or DPP-4-resistant GLP-1 analogues have been proposed as a potential target for the treatment of diabetes. Recently, DPP-4 has been shown to cleave multiple peptides, and blockade of DPP-4 could exert diverse biological actions in GLP-1- or GIP-independent manner. This article summarizes the crosstalk between AGEs-RAGE axis and DPP-4-incretin system in the development and progression of diabetes-associated disorders and its therapeutic intervention, especially focusing on diabetic vascular complications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathophysiology and Therapeutics of Diabetic Vascular Complications, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume, 830-0011, Japan. shoichi@med.kurume-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Sho-ichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yamagishi
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, 830-0011, Japan. fukami@med.kurume-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Kei
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fukami
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathophysiology and Therapeutics of Diabetic Vascular Complications, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume, 830-0011, Japan. matsui_takanori@med.kurume-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Takanori
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Matsui
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003925:Diabetic Angiopathies / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism*; D018819:Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 / Q000378:metabolism*; D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D054795:Incretins / Q000378:metabolism*; D020239:Receptor Cross-Talk / Q000502:physiology; D000067759:Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: C000593871:AGER protein, human; D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced; D054795:Incretins; D000067759:Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products; D018819:Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4