title: Area of hock hair loss in dairy cows: risk factors and correlation with a categorical scale.
abstract: Data from 3691 dairy cows from 76 farms were used to investigate the risk factors associated with the area of hair loss over the lateral aspect of the hock and the correlation between the area of hair loss (as calculated using a hock map) and hock lesion scores determined using a pre-existing categorical scale. Six factors were associated with a greater area of hair loss, including cows with locomotion score 3, a cleanliness score (10/28 to 18/28), high daily milk yield (25.1-58.1 kg), poor body condition score (1-1.5), duration of winter housing (≥41 days) and some combinations of cubicle base and bedding materials. Compared with cows housed in cubicles with a concrete base and whole straw or rape straw bedding, cows housed in cubicles with concrete bases with sand or chopped straw bedding had smaller areas of hair loss and cows housed on a mattress base with whole straw or rape straw bedding had larger areas of hair loss. Area of hair loss, as measured on hock maps, was not significantly different between cows with score 1 (median 23.6 cm(2)) and score 2 (median 20.3 cm(2)) on the categorical scale for hock lesions. This suggests that the categorical scale was not reflecting the extent of hair loss and that hock maps are a good alternative for studying the dynamics of hock lesions over time.
authors.affiliation: School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, UK; Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Pulau Pinang, Malaysia.
authors.forename: P Y
authors.initials: PY
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.affiliation: School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, UK.
authors.forename: J N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Huxley
authors.affiliation: School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, UK.
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Green
authors.affiliation: Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Pulau Pinang, Malaysia.
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Othman
authors.affiliation: School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, UK.
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Potterton
authors.affiliation: School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK.
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Brignell
authors.affiliation: School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, UK. Electronic address: jasmeet.kaler@nottingham.ac.uk.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kaler
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D003612:Dairying; D004739:England / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D005534:Foot Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D006197:Hair / Q000473:pathology*; D006201:Hair Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D006799:Housing, Animal; D012307:Risk Factors; D013643:Tarsus, Animal / Q000473:pathology*
keywords: Dairy cows; Hair loss; Hock lesions; Hock maps; Welfare