title: Mesenchymal stromal cells to control donor-specific memory T cells in solid organ transplantation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) represent a promising cell therapy to promote transplant tolerance, as they influence many cells involved in immune response. Herein, we review recent evidence on the ability of MSCs to inhibit antigen-induced memory T cell response in vitro and in preclinical studies as well as immunological studies in kidney transplant recipients highlighting the effects of MSC therapy on memory CD8 T-cell proliferation and function.
  
  
  RESULTS
  MSCs are able to inhibit in-vitro proliferation and effector functions of memory T cells in response to auto-antigen and allo-antigen stimulation. MSC infusion in animal transplant models resulted in a skew of the balance between regulatory T cells and effector/memory T cells towards a pro-tolerogenic profile. MSC in clinical transplantation is in its infancy and limited numbers of clinical studies have performed immunomonitoring of MSC-treated patients. However, available data support the capability of MSCs to control effector/memory CD8 T-cell proliferation and donor-specific CD8 T-cell function long lasting in kidney transplant setting.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Recent studies of MSCs in kidney transplantation highlight the anticipated add-on value of the immunomodulatory properties of bone marrow derived MSCs in persistently inhibiting donor-specific effector/memory CD8 T cells, an effect not shared by the current immunosuppressive drugs.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Research Center for Rare Diseases 'Aldo & Cele Daccò', IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche 'Mario Negri', Bergamo, Italy.
authors.forename: Monica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cortinovis
authors.forename: Federica
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Casiraghi
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Remuzzi
authors.forename: Norberto
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Perico
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006801:Humans; D007156:Immunologic Memory / Q000276:immunology*; D045164:Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology*; D016377:Organ Transplantation; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D023001:Transplantation Tolerance / Q000276:immunology*