title: Kinect as a tool for gait analysis: validation of a real-time joint extraction algorithm working in side view.
abstract: The Microsoft Kinect sensor has gained attention as a tool for gait analysis for several years. Despite the many advantages the sensor provides, however, the lack of a native capability to extract joints from the side view of a human body still limits the adoption of the device to a number of relevant applications. This paper presents an algorithm to locate and estimate the trajectories of up to six joints extracted from the side depth view of a human body captured by the Kinect device. The algorithm is then applied to extract data that can be exploited to provide an objective score for the "Get Up and Go Test", which is typically adopted for gait analysis in rehabilitation fields. Starting from the depth-data stream provided by the Microsoft Kinect sensor, the proposed algorithm relies on anthropometric models only, to locate and identify the positions of the joints. Differently from machine learning approaches, this solution avoids complex computations, which usually require significant resources. The reliability of the information about the joint position output by the algorithm is evaluated by comparison to a marker-based system. Tests show that the trajectories extracted by the proposed algorithm adhere to the reference curves better than the ones obtained from the skeleton generated by the native applications provided within the Microsoft Kinect (Microsoft Corporation, Redmond,WA, USA, 2013) and OpenNI (OpenNI organization, Tel Aviv, Israel, 2013) Software Development Kits.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Informazione, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche 12, Ancona 60131, Italy. e.cippitelli@univpm.it.
authors.forename: Enea
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cippitelli
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Informazione, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche 12, Ancona 60131, Italy. s.gasparrini@univpm.it.
authors.forename: Samuele
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gasparrini
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Informazione, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche 12, Ancona 60131, Italy. s.spinsante@univpm.it.
authors.forename: Susanna
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Spinsante
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Informazione, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche 12, Ancona 60131, Italy. e.gambi@univpm.it.
authors.forename: Ennio
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gambi
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D049628:Body Size; D005684:Gait / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007259:Infrared Rays; D007596:Joints / Q000502:physiology*; D010827:Physiology / Q000295:instrumentation*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012984:Software; D013997:Time Factors