title: T-cell cytokine gene polymorphisms and vitamin D pathway gene polymorphisms in end-stage renal disease due to type 2 diabetes mellitus nephropathy: comparisons with health status and other main causes of end-stage renal disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  T-cell cytokine gene polymorphisms and vitamin D pathway gene polymorphisms were evaluated as possibly associated with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) resulting from type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) nephropathy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Studies were conducted among hemodialysis (HD) patients with ESRD due to type 2 DM nephropathy, chronic glomerulonephritis, chronic infective tubulointerstitial nephritis, and hypertensive nephropathy as well as in healthy subjects. A frequency distribution of T-cell-related interleukin (IL) genes (IL18 rs360719, IL12A rs568408, IL12B rs3212227, IL4R rs1805015, IL13 rs20541, IL28B rs8099917, IL28B, and rs12979860) and vitamin D pathway genes (GC genes: rs2298849, rs7041, and rs1155563; VDR genes: rs2228570, rs1544410; and RXRA genes: rs10776909, rs10881578, and rs749759) was compared between groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No significant differences in a frequency distribution of tested polymorphisms were shown between type 2 DM nephropathy patients and controls. A difference was found in IL18 rs360719 polymorphic distribution between the former group and chronic infective tubulointerstitial nephritic patients (P trend = 0.033), which also differed in this polymorphism from controls (P trend = 0.005).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  T-cell cytokine and vitamin D pathway gene polymorphisms are not associated with ESRD due to type 2 DM nephropathy in Polish HD patients. IL18 rs360719 is probably associated with the pathogenesis of chronic infective tubulointerstitial nephritis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Transplantology and Internal Diseases, Poznań University of Medical Sciences (PUMS), 49 Przybyszewskiego Boulevard, 60-355 Poznań, Poland.
authors.forename: Alicja E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Grzegorzewska
authors.affiliation: DaVita Clinic Piła Dialysis Center, Wojska Polskiego 43, 64-420 Piła, Poland.
authors.forename: Grzegorz
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-7318-3624
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ostromecki
authors.affiliation: Student Nephrology Research Group, Department of Nephrology, Transplantology and Internal Diseases, PUMS, Przybyszewskiego 49, 60-355 Poznań, Poland.
authors.forename: Paulina
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zielińska
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, PUMS, Święcickiego 6, 60-781 Poznań, Poland.
authors.forename: Adrianna
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-4181-9402
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mostowska
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, PUMS, Święcickiego 6, 60-781 Poznań, Poland.
authors.forename: Paweł P
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: Jagodziński
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications*; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D020382:Interleukin-18 / Q000235:genetics; D007378:Interleukins / Q000235:genetics*; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010641:Phenotype; D011044:Poland; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D018167:Receptors, Calcitriol / Q000235:genetics*; D006435:Renal Dialysis; D047490:Retinoid X Receptor alpha / Q000235:genetics; D012307:Risk Factors; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D020382:Interleukin-18; D007378:Interleukins; D018167:Receptors, Calcitriol; D047490:Retinoid X Receptor alpha; C579457:VDR protein, human