title: Fluorescence spectroscopy coupled with PARAFAC and PLS DA for characterization and classification of honey.
abstract: Fluorescence spectroscopy coupled with parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) and Partial least squares Discriminant Analysis (PLS DA) were used for characterization and classification of honey. Excitation emission spectra were obtained for 95 honey samples of different botanical origin (acacia, sunflower, linden, meadow, and fake honey) by recording emission from 270 to 640 nm with excitation in the range of 240-500 nm. The number of fluorophores present in honey, excitation and emission spectra of each fluorophore, and their relative concentration are determined using a six-component PARAFAC model. Emissions from phenolic compounds and Maillard reaction products exhibited the largest difference among classes of honey of different botanical origin. The PLS DA classification model, constructed from PARAFAC model scores, detected fake honey samples with 100% sensitivity and specificity. Honey samples were also classified using PLS DA with errors of 0.5% for linden, 10% for acacia, and about 20% for both sunflower and meadow mix.
authors.affiliation: University of Belgrade, Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, PO Box 522, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia. Electronic address: lea.lenhardt@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Lea
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lenhardt
authors.affiliation: University of Copenhagen, Department of Food Science, Rolighedsvej 30, DK-1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
authors.forename: Rasmus
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bro
authors.affiliation: University of Belgrade, Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, PO Box 522, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia.
authors.forename: Ivana
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Zeković
authors.affiliation: University of Belgrade, Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, PO Box 522, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia.
authors.forename: Tatjana
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Dramićanin
authors.affiliation: University of Belgrade, Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, PO Box 522, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia.
authors.forename: Miroslav D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Dramićanin
mesh_terms: D016002:Discriminant Analysis; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes / Q000737:chemistry; D006722:Honey / Q000032:analysis*; D013050:Spectrometry, Fluorescence / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D005456:Fluorescent Dyes
keywords: Chemometrics; Fluorescence spectroscopy; Food characterization; Honey; PARAFAC