title: Milk basic protein supplementation enhances fracture healing in mice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  There is an unmet need for agents that can stimulate bone healing. The goal of this study was to evaluate the effects of basic proteins from milk whey (milk basic protein [MBP]) on fracture healing in mice.
  
  
  METHODS
  Closed tibial transverse fractures were generated in 6-wk-old male C3 H/HeJ mice given either tap water or MBP-supplemented water for 3, 7, 14, 28, and 56 d after fracture generation. The tibial tissues were analyzed by radiography, μCT, and a three-point bending test. The expression levels of genes associated with bone metabolism were analyzed by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Quantitative μCT analysis showed that MBP-treated fractured tibiae had a larger hard callus in the sectional area and a larger volume compared with fractured tibiae without MBP treatment. The expression levels of genes associated with chondrogenesis and osteogenesis showed greater increases in fractured tibiae with MBP treatment. Significant increases in the callus mechanical properties were found in MBP-treated tibiae.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MBP supplementation has the potential to improve fracture healing and bone strength in mouse tibiae. MBP could be a potential safe, low-cost, and easily administered nutritional element to prevent secondary fractures in patients with bone fractures.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Oral Anatomy, Graduate School of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yoneme
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Oral Anatomy, Graduate School of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Junko
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hatakeyama
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Oral Anatomy, Graduate School of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan.
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Danjo
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Oral Anatomy, Graduate School of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Hanako
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Oida
authors.affiliation: Division of Oral Implant Research, Oral Health Science Center, Tokyo Dental College, Chiba, Japan.
authors.forename: Masao
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yoshinari
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Oral Anatomy, Graduate School of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan.
authors.forename: Reona
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Aijima
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Oral Anatomy, Graduate School of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Naohisa
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Murata
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Oral Anatomy, Graduate School of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Toshiyuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Oral Anatomy, Graduate School of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Oki
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Oral Anatomy, Graduate School of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan. Electronic address: kido@dent.kyushu-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Mizuho A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Kido
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015519:Bone Density / Q000187:drug effects; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D017102:Fracture Healing / Q000187:drug effects*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008809:Mice, Inbred C3H; D008894:Milk Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000187:drug effects; D013977:Tibia / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D013978:Tibial Fractures / Q000188:drug therapy
chemical_list: D008894:Milk Proteins
keywords: Bone; Bone repair; Bone strength; Dairy proteins; Osteogenesis; μCT