title: A p-menth-1-ene-4,7-diol (EC-1) from Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dhnh. triggers apoptosis and cell cycle changes in Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells.
abstract: Anticancer activities of p-menth-1-ene-4,7-diol (EC-1) isolated from Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dhnh. were studied on Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) cells by MTT (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) assay. Anticancer activities also analyzed in EAC-bearing mice by assessment of cancer growth inhibition, changes in cancer volume, changes in life span, and hematological parameters. Apoptosis was analyzed by fluorescence microscope, DNA fragmentation assay, and flow cytometry. The expression of apoptosis-related genes, Bcl-2, Bcl-X, PARP-1, p53, and Bax, were analyzed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). EC-1 significantly inhibited proliferation of EAC cells in vivo and restored the altered hematological parameters of EAC-bearing mice. Cytological observation by fluorescence microscope showed apoptosis of EAC cells upon treatment with EC-1. Also, DNA fragmentation assay revealed EAC cells' apoptosis following EC-1 treatment. Increased mRNA expressions of p53 and Bax genes and negative expressions of Bcl-2 and Bcl-X were observed in cells treated with EC-1. These findings confirmed the induction of apoptosis by EC-1. In addition, MTT assay showed dose-dependent anticancer activity of EC-1 against EAC cell. Cell cycle analysis revealed that EC-1 treatment caused suppression of EAC cells at S phase. To conclude, EC-1 is a novel anticancer compound and showed antiproliferative and apoptotic activities in cellular and mice models.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh; Cancer Molecular Pathology, Griffith Health Institute, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia.
authors.forename: Farhadul
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Islam
authors.forename: Jahan Ara
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Khanam
authors.forename: Mahbuba
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Khatun
authors.forename: Natasha
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Zuberi
authors.forename: Laboni
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Khatun
authors.forename: Syed Rashel
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Kabir
authors.forename: Md Abu
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Reza
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Ali
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Rabbi
authors.forename: Vinod
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Gopalan
authors.forename: Alfred King-Yin
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Lam
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D002286:Carcinoma, Ehrlich Tumor / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects*; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D053938:DNA Fragmentation; D005052:Eucalyptus / Q000737:chemistry*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D024301:Plant Bark / Q000737:chemistry; D013729:Terpenes / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D013729:Terpenes; C525518:p-menth-1-ene-4,7-diol
keywords: EAC cells; Eucalyptus camaldulensis; apoptosis; cancer; cell cycle suppression