title: Clinical and morphological aspects of gray matter heterotopia type developmental malformations.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Gray matter heterotopia (GMH) is a malformation of the central nervous system characterized by interruption of normal neuroblasts migration between the 7(th) and 16(th) week of fetal development. The aim of the study was the analysis of clinical symptoms, prevalence rate and the most common concurrent central nervous system (CNS) developmental disorders as well as assessment of characteristic morphological changes of gray matter heterotopia in children hospitalized in our institution between the year 2001 and 2012.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a retrospective analysis of patients' data who were hospitalized in our institution between the year 2001 and 2012. We assessed clinical data and imaging exams in children diagnosed with gray matter heterotopia confirmed in MRI (magnetic resonance imaging).
  
  
  RESULTS
  GMH occurred in 26 children hospitalized in our institution between the year 2001 and 2012. Among children with gray matter heterotopia most common clinical symptoms were: epilepsy, intellectual disability and hemiparesis. The commonest location of heterotopic gray matter were fronto-parietal areas of brain parenchyma, mostly subependymal region. Gray matter heterotopia occurred with other developmental disorders of the central nervous system rather than solely and in most cases it was bilateral. Schizencephaly and abnormalities of the corpus callosum were the most often developmental disorders accompanying GMH.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  1. Subependymal gray matter heterotopia was more common than subcortical GMH. Subependymal GMH showed tendency to localize in the region of the bodies of the lateral ventricles. The least common was laminar GMH. 2. Gray matter heterotopia occurred more often with other developmental disorders of the central nervous system rather than solely. The most frequent concurrent disorders of the central nervous system were: schizencephaly, developmental abnormalities of the corpus callosum, arachnoid cyst, abnormalities of the septum pellucidum and the fornix. 3. GMH foci were more often bilateral than unilateral. 4. In the diagnostics of cell migration abnormalities, gray matter heterotopia included, MR imaging remains the method of choice.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Department of Radiology, Provincial Hospital No. 2, Rzeszów, Poland.
authors.forename: Monika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zając-Mnich
authors.affiliation: Clinical Department of Radiology, Provincial Hospital No. 2, Rzeszów, Poland.
authors.forename: Agnieszka
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kostkiewicz
authors.affiliation: Clinical Department of Radiology, Provincial Hospital No. 2, Rzeszów, Poland ; Institute of Physiotherapy, University of Rzeszów, Rzeszów, Poland.
authors.forename: Wiesław
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Guz
authors.affiliation: Clinical Department of Radiology, Provincial Hospital No. 2, Rzeszów, Poland.
authors.forename: Ewa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Dziurzyńska-Białek
authors.affiliation: Clinical Department of Radiology, Provincial Hospital No. 2, Rzeszów, Poland.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Solińska
authors.affiliation: Clinical Department of Radiology, Provincial Hospital No. 2, Rzeszów, Poland.
authors.forename: Joanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Stopa
authors.affiliation: Clinical Department of Radiology, Provincial Hospital No. 2, Rzeszów, Poland.
authors.forename: Iwona
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kucharska-Miąsik
keywords: Brain Abscess; Developmental Disabilities; Magnetic Resonance Imaging