title: Morphological Identities of Two Different Marine Stramenopile Environmental Sequence Clades: Bicosoeca kenaiensis (Hilliard, 1971) and Cantina marsupialis (Larsen and Patterson, 1990) gen. nov., comb. nov.
abstract: Although environmental DNA surveys improve our understanding of biodiversity, interpretation of unidentified lineages is limited by the absence of associated morphological traits and living cultures. Unidentified lineages of marine stramenopiles are called "MAST clades". Twenty-five MAST clades have been recognized: MAST-1 through MAST-25; seven of these have been subsequently discarded because the sequences representing those clades were found to either (1) be chimeric or (2) affiliate within previously described taxonomic groups. Eighteen MAST clades remain without a cellular identity. Moreover, the discarded "MAST-13" has been used in different studies to refer to two different environmental sequence clades. After establishing four cultures representing two different species of heterotrophic stramenopiles and then characterizing their morphology and molecular phylogenetic positions, we determined that the two different species represented the two different MAST-13 clades: (1) a lorica-bearing Bicosoeca kenaiensis and (2) a microaerophilic flagellate previously named "Cafeteria marsupialis". Both species were previously described with only light microscopy; no cultures, ultrastructural data or DNA sequences were available from these species prior to this study. The molecular phylogenetic position of three different "C. marsupialis" isolates was not closely related to the type species of Cafeteria; therefore, we established a new genus for these isolates, Cantina gen. nov.
authors.affiliation: The Departments of Botany and Zoology, Beaty Biodiversity Research Centre and Museum, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z4, Canada.
authors.forename: Naoji
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yubuki
authors.affiliation: Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Prague, 128 44, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Tomáš
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Pánek
authors.affiliation: Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), Yokosuka, Kanagawa, 237-0061, Japan.
authors.forename: Akinori
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yabuki
authors.affiliation: Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Prague, 128 44, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Ivan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Čepička
authors.affiliation: Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), Yokosuka, Kanagawa, 237-0061, Japan.
authors.forename: Kiyotaka
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takishita
authors.affiliation: Center for Computational Sciences and Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8577, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Inagaki
authors.affiliation: The Departments of Botany and Zoology, Beaty Biodiversity Research Centre and Museum, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z4, Canada.
authors.forename: Brian S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Leander
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal / Q000235:genetics; D005407:Flagella / Q000648:ultrastructure; D052836:Heterotrophic Processes; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010802:Phylogeny; D012337:RNA, Ribosomal, 18S / Q000235:genetics; D012623:Seawater; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D058009:Stramenopiles / Q000145:classification* / Q000166:cytology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification
chemical_list: D004275:DNA, Ribosomal; D012337:RNA, Ribosomal, 18S
keywords: Bicosoecid; MAST; biodiversity; culture-independent molecular methods; environmental DNA sequence surveys; molecular phylogeny; protist; ultrastructure