title: The Swedish Exercise Self-Efficacy Scale (ESES-S): reliability and validity in a rheumatoid arthritis population.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the present study was to investigate aspects of reliability and validity of the Exercise Self-Efficacy Scale (ESES-S) in a rheumatoid arthritis (RA) population.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 244 people with RA participating in a physical activity study were included. The six-item ESES-S, exploring confidence in performing exercise, was assessed for test-retest reliability over 4-6 months, and for internal consistency. Construct validity investigated correlation with similar and other constructs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  An intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of 0.59 (95% CI 0.37-0.73) was found for 84 participants with stable health perceptions between measurement occasions. Cronbach's alpha coefficients of 0.87 and 0.89 were found at the first and second measurements. Corrected item-total correlation single ESES-S items ranged between 0.53 and 0.73. Construct convergent validity for the ESES-S was partly confirmed by correlations with health-enhancing physical activity and outcome expectations respectively (Pearson's r = 0.18, p < 0.01). Construct divergent validity was confirmed by the absence of correlations with age or gender. No floor or ceiling effects were found for ESES-S.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results indicate that the ESES-S has moderate test-retest reliability and respectable internal consistency in people with RA. Construct validity was partially supported in the present sample. Further research on construct validity of the ESES-S is recommended.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Physical exercise is crucial for management of symptoms and co-morbidity in rheumatoid arthritis. Self-efficacy for exercise is important to address in rehabilitation as it regulates exercise motivation and behavior. Measurement properties of self-efficacy scales need to be assessed in specific populations and different languages.
authors.affiliation: a Division of Physiotherapy, Department of Neurobiology , Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden and.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nessen
authors.affiliation: a Division of Physiotherapy, Department of Neurobiology , Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden and.
authors.forename: Ingrid
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Demmelmaier
authors.affiliation: a Division of Physiotherapy, Department of Neurobiology , Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden and.
authors.forename: Birgitta
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Nordgren
authors.affiliation: a Division of Physiotherapy, Department of Neurobiology , Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden and.|b Department of Rheumatology , Karolinska University Hospital , Stockholm , Sweden.
authors.forename: Christina H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Opava
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D001519:Behavior; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009042:Motivation; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000379:methods*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D020377:Self Efficacy; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013548:Sweden
keywords: Internal consistency; measurement properties; physical activity; questionnaire; rehabilitation; rheumatology; test–retest