title: Independent and co-morbid HIV infection and Meth use disorders on oxidative stress markers in the cerebrospinal fluid and depressive symptoms.
abstract: Both HIV infection and Methamphetamine (Meth) use disorders are associated with greater depressive symptoms and oxidative stress; whether the two conditions would show additive or interactive effects on the severity of depressive symptoms, and whether this is related to the level of oxidative stress in the CNS is unknown. 123 participants were evaluated, which included 41 HIV-seronegative subjects without substance use disorders (Control), 25 with recent (<6 months) moderate to severe Meth use disorders (Meth), 34 HIV-seropositive subjects without substance use disorders (HIV) and 23 HIV+Meth subjects. Depressive symptoms were assessed with the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale (CES-D), and oxidative stress markers were evaluated with glutathione (GSH), 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE), and activities of gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Compared with Controls, HIV subjects had higher levels of HNE (+350%) and GGT (+27%), and lower level of GSH (-34%), while Meth users had higher levels of GPx activity (+23%) and GSH (+30 %). GGT correlated with GPx, and with age, across all subjects (p < 0.0001). CES-D scores correlated with CSF HNE levels only in Control and HIV groups, but not in Meth and HIV+Meth groups. HIV and Meth use had an interactive effects on depressive symptoms, but did not show additive or interactive effects on oxidative stress. The differential relationship between depressive symptoms and oxidative stress response amongst the four groups suggest that depressive symptoms in these groups are mediated through different mechanisms which are not always related to oxidative stress.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 651 Ilalo Street, BSB 222, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Panee
authors.forename: Xiaosha
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Pang
authors.forename: Sody
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Munsaka
authors.forename: Marla J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Berry
authors.forename: Linda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chang
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging / Q000378:metabolism; D019969:Amphetamine-Related Disorders / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid* / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D003704:Dementia / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology; D003863:Depression / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid* / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008694:Methamphetamine; D008875:Middle Aged; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D008694:Methamphetamine