title: Neuroanatomical basis of paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity: a diffusion tensor imaging analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity (PSH) is observed in a sub-set of patients with moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). The neuroanatomical basis of PSH is poorly understood. It is hypothesized that PSH is linked to changes in connectivity within the central autonomic network.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective analysis in a sub-set of patients from a multi-centre, prospective cohort study Methods and procedures: Adult patients who were <3 weeks after severe TBI were enrolled and screened for PSH using a standard definition. Patients underwent multimodal MRI, which included quantitative diffusion tensor imaging.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to resolve the set of tracts into components. Ability to predict PSH was evaluated via area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) and tree-based classification analyses. Among 102 enrolled patients, 16 met criteria for PSH. The first principle component was significantly associated (p = 0.024, AUROC = 0.867) with PSH status even after controlling for age and admission GCS. In a classification tree analysis, age, GCS and decreased FA in the splenium of the corpus callosum and in the right posterior limb of the internal capsule discriminated PSH vs no PSH with an AUROC of 0.933.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Disconnection involving the posterior corpus callosum and of the posterior limb of the internal capsule may play a role in the pathogenesis or expression of PSH.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology and Emergency Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University , Portland, OR , USA .
authors.forename: Holly E
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Hinson
authors.forename: Louis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Puybasset
authors.forename: Nicolas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Weiss
authors.forename: Vincent
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Perlbarg
authors.forename: Habib
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Benali
authors.forename: Damien
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Galanaud
authors.forename: Mike
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lasarev
authors.forename: Robert D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Stevens
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001342:Autonomic Nervous System Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology*; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D056324:Diffusion Tensor Imaging / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009445:Neuroanatomy; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012189:Retrospective Studies
keywords: Diffusion tensor imaging; paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity; traumatic brain injury