title: Food intake assessment of elderly patients on hemodialysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate whether the dietary intake of elderly patients on hemodialysis (HD) is lower than that of elderly individuals with normal renal function. In addition, we also assessed whether the dietary intake of elderly on HD is lower on the dialysis day (DD) than on nondialysis days (non-DD).
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional and observational study including elderly on HD and non-chronic kidney disease (non-CKD) elderly.
  
  
  METHODS
  We assessed 54 noninstitutionalized elderly patients on HD (study group) and 47 non-CKD elderly (control group) aged ≥60 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  All participants had their dietary intake assessed by 3-day food diaries. As a sensitivity analysis, we also assessed the dietary intake in the adequate reporters, which were identified when the ratio-energy intake-to-estimated basal metabolic rate-was above 1.27 (Goldberg index).
  
  
  RESULTS
  When comparing dietary intake between the study and control groups, adjusted for sex and underreporting, it was noted that only the intake of protein (β: -9.9; P: .01) and phosphorus (β: -104; P: .04) were significantly lower in the study group. In addition, when furthering the analysis in the study group by comparing DD with non-DD, it was observed that energy (18 ± 7 vs. 21 ± 8 kcal/kg/day), protein (0.8 ± 0.4 vs. 1.0 ± 0.4 g/kg/day), lipids (41 ± 20 vs. 48 ± 23 g/day), potassium (1371 ± 587 vs. 1540 ± 484 mg/day), and phosphorous intake (647 ± 312 vs. 789 ± 287 mg/day), but not carbohydrate (155 ± 54 vs. 167 ± 55 g/day) and calcium (470 ± 345 vs. 518 ± 333 g/day) were significantly lower on DDs than on non-DDs, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Except for protein and phosphorous, energy and nutrient intake of elderly patients on HD are similar to that of non-CKD elderly. In addition, the dietary intake is lower on DDs, highlighting the importance of focusing efforts to improve nutritional intake mainly during the day of dialysis treatment.
authors.affiliation: Graduate Program in Food, Nutrition and Health, Nutrition Institute, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Aline Moutinho
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Martins
authors.affiliation: Graduate Program in Food, Nutrition and Health, Nutrition Institute, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Juliana Cordeiro
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Dias Rodrigues
authors.affiliation: Graduate Program in Food, Nutrition and Health, Nutrition Institute, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Fernanda Galvão
authors.initials: FG
authors.lastname: de Oliveira Santin
authors.affiliation: Department of Social Nutrition, Nutrition Institute, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Flavia dos Santos
authors.initials: Fdos S
authors.lastname: Barbosa Brito
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Nutrition, Nutrition Institute, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Annie Seixas
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Bello Moreira
authors.affiliation: Internal Medicine Department, School of Health Sciences, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Roberto Alves
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Lourenço
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Nutrition, Nutrition Institute, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Electronic address: carla.avesani@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Carla Maria
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Avesani
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004032:Diet; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002149:Energy Intake; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000628:therapy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015596:Nutrition Assessment; D016226:Phosphorus, Dietary / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006435:Renal Dialysis
chemical_list: D004044:Dietary Proteins; D016226:Phosphorus, Dietary