title: Effects of treadmill versus overground soccer match simulations on biomechanical markers of anterior cruciate ligament injury risk in side cutting.
abstract: This study aimed to investigate whether treadmill versus overground soccer match simulations have similar effects on knee joint mechanics during side cutting. Nineteen male recreational soccer players completed a 45-min treadmill and overground match simulation. Heart rate (HR) and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) were recorded every 5 min. Prior to exercise (time 0 min), at "half-time" (time 45 min) and 15 min post-exercise (time 60 min), participants performed five trials of 45° side-cutting manoeuvres. Knee abduction moments and knee extension angles were analysed using two-way repeated measures analysis of variance (α = 0.05). Physiological responses were significantly greater during the overground (HR 160 ± 7 beats ∙ min(-1); RPE 15 ± 2) than the treadmill simulation (HR 142 ± 5 beats ∙ min(-1); RPE 12 ± 2). Knee extension angles significantly increased over time and were more extended at time 60 min compared with time 0 min and time 45 min. No significant differences in knee abduction moments were observed. Although knee abduction moments were not altered over time during both simulations, passive rest during half-time induced changes in knee angles that may have implications for anterior cruciate ligament injury risk.
authors.affiliation: a School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Faculty of Science , Liverpool John Moores University , Liverpool , UK.
authors.forename: R M Firhad Raja
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Azidin
authors.forename: Sean
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sankey
authors.forename: Barry
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Drust
authors.forename: Mark A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Robinson
authors.forename: Jos
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vanrenterghem
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000070598:Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D005080:Exercise Test / Q000379:methods*; D006339:Heart Rate; D006801:Humans; D007718:Knee Injuries / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007719:Knee Joint / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D010465:Perception / Q000502:physiology; D005082:Physical Exertion / Q000502:physiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D012916:Soccer / Q000293:injuries* / Q000502:physiology; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: anterior cruciate ligament; knee mechanics; soccer