title: Sensory Deviancy Detection Measured Directly Within the Human Nucleus Accumbens.
abstract: Rapid changes in the environment evoke a comparison between expectancy and actual outcome to inform optimal subsequent behavior. The nucleus accumbens (NAcc), a key interface between the hippocampus and neocortical regions, is a candidate region for mediating this comparison. Here, we report event-related potentials obtained from the NAcc using direct intracranial recordings in 5 human participants while they listened to trains of auditory stimuli differing in their degree of deviation from repetitive background stimuli. NAcc recordings revealed an early mismatch signal (50-220 ms) in response to all deviants. NAcc activity in this time window was also sensitive to the statistics of stimulus deviancy, with larger amplitudes as a function of the level of deviancy. Importantly, this NAcc mismatch signal also predicted generation of longer latency scalp potentials (300-400 ms). The results provide direct human evidence that the NAcc is a key component of a network engaged in encoding statistics of the sensory environmental.
authors.affiliation: Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute.|Department of Behavioral Neurology, Leibniz Institute of Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany.|Department of Neurology.
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dürschmid
authors.affiliation: Department of Behavioral Neurology, Leibniz Institute of Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany.|Department of Neurology.|Department of Stereotactic Neurosurgery, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Tino
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Zaehle
authors.affiliation: Department of Behavioral Neurology, Leibniz Institute of Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany.|Department of Neurology.|German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany.|Forschungscampus STIMULATE.
authors.forename: Hermann
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hinrichs
authors.affiliation: Department of Behavioral Neurology, Leibniz Institute of Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany.|Department of Neurology.|German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany.|Forschungscampus STIMULATE.
authors.forename: Hans-Jochen
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Heinze
authors.affiliation: Department of Stereotactic Neurosurgery, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany.|German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Jürgen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Voges
authors.affiliation: Queensland Brain Institute.|Centre for Advanced Imaging.|Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Integrative Brain Function, The University of Queensland, Brisbane St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia.
authors.forename: Marta I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Garrido
authors.affiliation: Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, UCL, London, UK.|Visiting Einstein Fellow, Humboldt University Berlin, Berlin, Germany.|Max Planck UCL Centre for Computational Psychiatry and Ageing Research, London, UK.
authors.forename: Raymond J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Dolan
authors.affiliation: Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute.|Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Robert T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Knight
mesh_terms: D000161:Acoustic Stimulation; D000328:Adult; D020643:Anterior Thalamic Nuclei / Q000503:physiopathology; D001307:Auditory Perception / Q000502:physiology*; D046690:Deep Brain Stimulation; D000069279:Drug Resistant Epilepsy / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D005071:Evoked Potentials; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D009714:Nucleus Accumbens / Q000503:physiopathology*
keywords: P3; auditory mismatch; nucleus accumbens; prediction error; predictive coding; saliency