title: Optimization of a phase separation based magnetic-stirring salt-induced liquid-liquid microextraction method for determination of fluoroquinolones in food.
abstract: Herein, we developed a novel integrated apparatus to perform phase separation based on magnetic-stirring, salt-induced, liquid-liquid microextraction for determination of five fluoroquinolones in animal-based foods by HPLC analysis. The novel integrated apparatus consisted of three simple HDPE (high density polyethylene) parts that were used to separate the solvent from the aqueous solution prior to retrieving the extractant. The extraction parameters were optimized using the response surface method based on central composite design: 791 μL of acetone solvent, 2.5 g of Na2SO4, pH 1.7, 3.0 min of stir time, and 5.5 min centrifugation. The limits of detection were 0.07-0.53 μg kg(-1) and recoveries were 91.6-105.0% for the five fluoroquinolones from milk, eggs and honey. This method is easily constructed from inexpensive materials, extraction efficiency is high, and the approach is compatible with HPLC analysis. Thus, it has excellent prospects for sample pre-treatment and analysis of fluoroquinolones in animal-based foods.
authors.affiliation: College of Environmental Sciences and Public Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
authors.forename: Ming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: College of Environmental Sciences and Public Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China. Electronic address: whuili@163.com.
authors.forename: Huili
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: College of Environmental Sciences and Public Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
authors.forename: Meiping
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: College of Environmental Sciences and Public Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
authors.forename: Yuna
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: College of Environmental Sciences and Public Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
authors.forename: Xiaohan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.affiliation: Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
authors.forename: Randy A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Dahlgren
authors.affiliation: College of Environmental Sciences and Public Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
authors.forename: Dongli
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Du
authors.affiliation: College of Environmental Sciences and Public Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China. Electronic address: wxdong@wzmc.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Xuedong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000096:Acetone / Q000302:isolation & purification; D000818:Animals; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods; D004531:Eggs / Q000032:analysis; D024841:Fluoroquinolones / Q000032:analysis*; D005504:Food Analysis / Q000379:methods*; D006722:Honey / Q000032:analysis; D059627:Liquid Phase Microextraction / Q000379:methods*; D060328:Magnetic Phenomena; D008892:Milk / Q000737:chemistry; D012996:Solutions / Q000737:chemistry; D012997:Solvents / Q000302:isolation & purification; D013431:Sulfates
chemical_list: D024841:Fluoroquinolones; D012996:Solutions; D012997:Solvents; D013431:Sulfates; C012036:sodium sulfate; D000096:Acetone
keywords: Animal-based food; Central composite design; Combining apparatus; Fluoroquinolones; Magnetic-stirring salt-induced liquid–liquid microextraction; Phase separation prior to collection