title: Predictive values of models of Clostridium difficile infection.
abstract: In vivo and in vitro models are widely used to simulate Clostridium difficile infection (CDI). They have made considerable contributions in the study of C difficile pathogenesis, antibiotic predisposition to CDI, and population dynamics as well as the evaluation of new antimicrobial and immunologic therapeutics. Although CDI models have greatly increased understanding of this complicated pathogen, all have limitations in reproducing human disease, notably their inability to generate a truly reflective immune response. This review summarizes the most commonly used models of CDI and discusses their pros and cons and their predictive values in terms of clinical outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Section of Molecular Gastroenterology, Leeds Institute for Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Leeds, Old Medical School, Thoresby Place, Leeds LS1 3EX, UK. Electronic address: c.h.chilton@leeds.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Caroline H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Chilton
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, The General Infirmary, Old Medical School, Thoresby Place, Leeds LS1 3EX, UK.
authors.forename: Jane
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Freeman
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D016360:Clostridioides difficile; D003015:Clostridium Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D041981:Gastrointestinal Tract / Q000382:microbiology; D006801:Humans; D007410:Intestinal Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents
keywords: Animal model; Clostridium difficile infection; In vitro model