title: Kappa Opioid Receptor Agonist and Brain Ischemia.
abstract: Opioid receptors, especially Kappa opioid receptor (KOR) play an important role in the pathophysiological process of cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury. Previously accepted KOR agonists activity has included anti-nociception, cardiovascular, anti-pruritic, diuretic, and antitussive effects, while compelling evidence from various ischemic animal models indicate that KOR agonist have neuroprotective effects through various mechanisms. In this review, we aimed to demonstrate the property of KOR agonist and its role in global and focal cerebral ischemia. Based on current preclinical research, the KOR agonists may be useful as a neuroprotective agent. The recent discovery of salvinorin A, highly selective non-opioid KOR agonist, offers a new tool to study the role of KOR in brain HI injury and the protective effects of KOR agonist. The unique pharmacological profile of salvinorin A along with the long history of human usage provides its high candidacy as a potential alternative medication for brain HI injury.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania.
authors.forename: Chen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chunhua
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania.
authors.forename: Xi
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chunhua
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania.
authors.forename: Sugita
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Megumi
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania.
authors.forename: Liu
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Renyu
keywords: Agonist; Brain ischemia; Kappa opioid receptor; Neuroprotective