title: Anxiety, depression, coronary artery disease and diabetes mellitus; an association study in ghaem hospital, iran.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There is an increasing trend in the prevalence of coronary artery disease (CAD) in Iran.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The present study aimed to investigate the relationship of anxiety, depression, diabetes and coronary artery disease among patients undergoing angiography in Ghaem Hospital, Mashhad, Iran.
  
  
  METHODS
  This case-control study was conducted between September 2011 and August 2012 among 200 patients undergoing coronary angiography for symptoms of coronary disease at Ghaem Hospital, Mashhad, Iran. The control group consisted of 697 healthy adults recruited from the individuals who attended the clinic for routine medical checkups or pre-employment examinations. The Beck anxiety and depression inventory scores and fasting blood glucose results were assessed in all the subjects. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 16. P < 0.05 was regarded as statistically significant.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean age of patients was 57.52 ± 9.33 years old and for the control group it was 55.35 ± 8.45 years; there was no significant difference between the subjects (P = 0.647) regarding age. There was also no significant difference in gender distribution between the patients and control groups (P = 0.205). There was however a significant difference in anxiety and depression scores between the patients and healthy controls (P < 0.001). There was a significant positive correlation between anxiety score and depression score in both groups when data were analyzed by Pearson test. (P < 0.001, r = 0.604 and r = 0.521). Moreover, there was a significant positive linear correlation between the depression/anxiety scores and fasting blood glucose concentrations in the patients group (r = 0.3, P < 0.001) and a weak negative correlation in the healthy controls (r = -0.096, P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Depression and anxiety are potentially important factors among patients with angiographically-defined CAD. There appear to be significant associations between glucose tolerance and anxiety and depression in these patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Putra Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia ; Health Sciences Research Center, Department of Health and Management, School of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tajfard
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Research Center, Avicenna (Bu-Ali) Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Majid
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ghayour Mobarhan
authors.affiliation: Student Research Committee, Department of Modern Sciences and Technologies, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Hamid Reza
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Rahimi
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Mohsen
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mouhebati
authors.affiliation: Health Sciences Research Center, Department of Biostatistics, School of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Habibollah
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Esmaeily
authors.affiliation: Brighton and Sussex Medical School,University of Sussex, Brighton, UK.
authors.forename: Gordon A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Ferns
authors.affiliation: Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Putra Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Latiffah A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Latiff
authors.affiliation: Health Sciences Research Center, Department of Biostatistics, School of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Taghipour
authors.affiliation: Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Naghmeh
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mokhber
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Ahmad Fazli
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Abdul-Aziz
keywords: Angiography; Anxiety; Coronary Artery Disease; Depression