title: The comparison of antimutagenicity and anticancer activities of Echinophora platyloba DC on acute promyelocytic leukemia cancer cells.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cancer is one of the main causes of mortality in the world which is created by the effect of enviromental physico-chemical mutagen and carcinogen agents. In the last years, many studies have been performed on the anticancer effects of flavonoids. Echinophora platyloba DC plant (Khousharizeh) is one of the indigenous medicinal plants which is used as a food seasoning and medicine in Iran.
  
  
  METHODS
  The extract was evaluated in terms of antimutagenicity properties by a standard reverse mutation assay (Ames Test). This was performed with histidine auxotroph strain of Salmonella typhimurium (TA100). Thus, it requires histidine from a foreign supply to ensure its growth. The afore mentioned strain gives rise to reverted colonies when expose to carcinogen substance (Sodium Azide). The other objective of this study was to examine the in vitro cytotoxic activity of cell death of crude methanolic extracts prepared from Echinophora platyloba on Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia cell line (NB4). Cytotoxicity and viability of methanolic extract was assessed by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and dye exclusion assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In Ames test the extract prevented the reverted mutations and the hindrance percent was 93.4% in antimutagenicity test. Data obtained from this assay indicated that the extract significantly reduced the viability of NB4 cells and inhibited cell growth in a dose dependent manner.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study demonstrates the antimutagenicity effect of Echinophora Platyloba and suggests that it has a potential as an anticancer agent.
authors.forename: Maliheh
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Entezari
authors.forename: Fataneh Hashem
authors.initials: FH
authors.lastname: Dabaghian
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics, Islamic Azad University, Tehran Medical Branch, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Mehrdad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hashemi
mesh_terms: D016587:Antimutagenic Agents / Q000737:chemistry*; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000737:chemistry*; D019661:Apiaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D002273:Carcinogens / Q000737:chemistry; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D004354:Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor; D006639:Histidine / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D020128:Inhibitory Concentration 50; D015473:Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute / Q000188:drug therapy*; D000432:Methanol; D009152:Mutagenicity Tests; D009153:Mutagens; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry*; D012475:Salmonella; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D016587:Antimutagenic Agents; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D002273:Carcinogens; D009153:Mutagens; D010936:Plant Extracts; D006639:Histidine; D000432:Methanol