title: Structural insight into effector proteins of Gram-negative bacterial pathogens that modulate the phosphoproteome of their host.
abstract: Invading pathogens manipulate cellular process of the host cell to establish a safe replicative niche. To this end they secrete a spectrum of proteins called effectors that modify cellular environment through a variety of mechanisms. One of the most important mechanisms is the manipulation of cellular signaling through modifications of the cellular phosphoproteome. Phosphorylation/dephosphorylation plays a pivotal role in eukaryotic cell signaling, with ∼ 500 different kinases and ∼ 130 phosphatases in the human genome. Pathogens affect the phosphoproteome either directly through the action of bacterial effectors, and/or indirectly through downstream effects of host proteins modified by the effectors. Here we review the current knowledge of the structure, catalytic mechanism and function of bacterial effectors that modify directly the phosphorylation state of host proteins. These effectors belong to four enzyme classes: kinases, phosphatases, phospholyases and serine/threonine acetylases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada, S7N 5E5.
authors.forename: Andrey M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Grishin
authors.forename: Ksenia A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Beyrakhova
authors.forename: Miroslaw
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cygler
mesh_terms: D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D006090:Gram-Negative Bacteria / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000472:pathogenicity; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D010744:Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000235:genetics; D010770:Phosphotransferases / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics; D020543:Proteome / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D020543:Proteome; D010770:Phosphotransferases; D010744:Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases
keywords: bacterial acetylases; bacterial effector kinases; bacterial phosphatases; bacterial phospholyases; noneukaryotic-like kinases; structure-function relationship