title: Gelatin porous scaffolds fabricated using a modified gas foaming technique: characterisation and cytotoxicity assessment.
abstract: The current study presents an effective and simple strategy to obtain stable porous scaffolds from gelatin via a gas foaming method. The technique exploits the intrinsic foaming ability of gelatin in the presence of CO2 to obtain a porous structure stabilised with glutaraldehyde. The produced scaffolds were characterised using physical and mechanical characterisation methods. The results showed that gas foaming may allow the tailoring of the 3-dimensional structure of the scaffolds with an interconnected porous structure. To assess the effectiveness of the preparation method in mitigating the potential cytotoxicity risk of using glutaraldehyde as a crosslinker, direct and in-direct cytotoxicity assays were performed at different concentrations of glutaraldehyde. The results indicate the potential of the gas foaming method, in the preparation of viable tissue engineering scaffolds.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Creative Leather Technologies, Park Campus, University of Northampton, Boughton Green Road, Northampton NN2 7AL, UK.
authors.forename: S Ali
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Poursamar
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioengineering and IBB, Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal.
authors.forename: Javad
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hatami
authors.affiliation: Centre for Physical Activity and Chronic Disease and the Aging Research Centre, Institute for Health and Wellbeing, School of Health, Park Campus, University of Northampton, Boughton Green Road, Northampton NN2 7AL, UK.
authors.forename: Alexander N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Lehner
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioengineering and IBB, Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal.
authors.forename: Cláudia L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: da Silva
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioengineering and IBB, Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal.
authors.forename: Frederico Castelo
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Ferreira
authors.affiliation: Institute for Creative Leather Technologies, Park Campus, University of Northampton, Boughton Green Road, Northampton NN2 7AL, UK. Electronic address: Paula.Antunes@northampton.ac.uk.
authors.forename: A P M
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Antunes
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line / Q000187:drug effects; D003432:Cross-Linking Reagents / Q000737:chemistry; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D005780:Gelatin / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity / Q000648:ultrastructure; D005976:Glutaral / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity; D055595:Mechanical Phenomena; D051379:Mice; D016062:Porosity; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D013696:Temperature; D013718:Tensile Strength; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D003432:Cross-Linking Reagents; D005780:Gelatin; D005976:Glutaral
keywords: Crosslinking; Denaturation temperature; Gas foaming; Gelatin; Tensile strength