title: Prevalence and genetic characteristics of Saffold cardiovirus in China from 2009 to 2012.
abstract: The epidemiology and clinical features of the Saffold cardiovirus (SAFV) remain ambiguous. The present study was designed to systematically and intensively investigate the epidemiological features of SAFV in pediatric patients in China. Three cohorts of pediatric patients were recruited from 2009 to 2012. Cohort 1 comprised patients with acute respiratory tract infections. Cohort 2 comprised patients with diarrhea. Cohort 3 comprised hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) patients. A total of 115 patients (1.6%) among 6052 (17/1647, 12/2013, and 86/2392 in cohorts 1, 2, and 3, respectively) were SAFV-positive. The samples from 82 SAFV-positive patients were successfully sequenced, and four genotypes were identified: 8 SAFV-1, 41 SAFV-2, 29 SAFV-3, and 4 SAFV-6. A significantly higher detection rate was found in the HFMD patients than in other two cohorts (both P <0.001). A higher frequency of severe clinical outcome and nervous system manifestation were also observed in the SAFV-positive HFMD patients. Additionally, 6 (3.5%) cerebrospinal fluid and 7 (2.2%) serum samples from the HFMD-associated encephalitis patients were SAFV-positive. Based on the VP1 sequences, all four genotypes displayed distinct geographical clustering. SAFV infection might be associated with a wide clinical spectrum and contribute to HFMD.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, 100071, Beijing, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Xiao-Ai
authors.initials: XA
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, Peking University, 100191, Beijing, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Qing-Bin
authors.initials: QB
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, 100071, Beijing, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wo
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, 100071, Beijing, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Jin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: 1] State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, 100071, Beijing, P. R. China [2] Graduate School of Anhui Medical University, 230032, Hefei, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Dou-Dou
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: 1] State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, 100071, Beijing, P. R. China [2] Graduate School of Anhui Medical University, 230032, Hefei, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Chen-Tao
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 400014, Chongqing, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Hong-Mei
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 400014, Chongqing, P. R. China.
authors.forename: En-Mei
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, 100071, Beijing, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, 100071, Beijing, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Wu-Chun
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Cao
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001483:Base Sequence; D036022:Capsid Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D017943:Cardiovirus / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D018188:Cardiovirus Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003967:Diarrhea / Q000150:complications / Q000821:virology; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006232:Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease / Q000150:complications / Q000821:virology; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D010802:Phylogeny; D015995:Prevalence; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012141:Respiratory Tract Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000821:virology; D012703:Serotyping
chemical_list: D036022:Capsid Proteins; D012367:RNA, Viral