title: Endothelin-1 and endothelin B receptor expression in pancreatic adenocarcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Endothelin-1 (ET-1) acting through endothelin A and B receptors (ETAR and ETBR) has been implicated in the development of cancer. The endothelin axis has not previously been characterised in human pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAC).
  
  
  METHODS
  Expression of ET-1, ETAR, ETBR, vascular endothelial growth factor and microvessel density (MVD) was determined by immunohistochemistry in 45 surgically resected human PACs and 15 non-cancer human pancreas samples.
  
  
  RESULTS
  PAC had the highest staining intensity for ET-1 and ETBR: 38% PAC samples scored 2+ or more compared with 7% non-cancer sample in ET-1; 58% PAC samples scored 2+ compared with 0% non-cancer samples in ETBR. MVD was significantly lower in PAC compared with non-cancer tissue (p<0.0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PAC was characterised by greater expression of ET-1 and ETBR compared with normal pancreas.
authors.affiliation: Oncology Centre, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK CRUK Cancer Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Cook
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Brais
authors.affiliation: Cambridge Cancer Trials Centre, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK.
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Qian
authors.affiliation: School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
authors.forename: C Chan Wah
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Hak
authors.affiliation: Oncology Centre, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK.
authors.forename: P G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Corrie
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000473:pathology; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D019332:Endothelin-1 / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000473:pathology; D044023:Receptor, Endothelin B; D017466:Receptors, Endothelin / Q000032:analysis*; D046888:Tissue Array Analysis; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; C000588596:EDNRB protein, human; D019332:Endothelin-1; D044023:Receptor, Endothelin B; D017466:Receptors, Endothelin
keywords: ANGIOGENESIS; IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY; PANCREATIC CANCER