title: Prognostic and predictive factors in patients treated with chemotherapy for advanced urothelial cancer: where do we stand?
abstract: The standard of care for patients with local advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma is chemotherapy. However, results with this are rather disappointing, and validated prognostic factors and biomarkers of tumor response, which are useful in the decision-making process, are still lacking. PubMed databases were searched for articles published until November 2013. Several promising clinical and biological candidate prognostic factors or markers of tumor response to first- or second-line therapy, such as hemoglobin, performance status, visceral metastasis and ERCC1, hENT1 and EMT markers, have been identified and described in this article. In summary, clinical parameters and molecular profiling could revolutionize the management of local advanced or metastatic urothelial cancer, but an improvement in individualized therapeutic approaches still seems distant.
authors.affiliation: Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy.
authors.forename: Sebastiano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Buti
authors.forename: Chiara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ciccarese
authors.forename: Daniele
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zanoni
authors.forename: Matteo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Santoni
authors.forename: Alessandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Modena
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Maines
authors.forename: Annalisa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gilli
authors.forename: Emilio
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bria
authors.forename: Matteo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Brunelli
authors.forename: Anita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rimanti
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cascinu
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ardizzoni
authors.forename: Giampaolo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tortora
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Massari
mesh_terms: D002295:Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011379:Prognosis; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D019459:Urothelium / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D002945:Cisplatin
keywords: bladder cancer; elderly patients; prognosis; prognostic factor; survival; urothelial cancer