title: Evolution of plant virus movement proteins from the 30K superfamily and of their homologs integrated in plant genomes.
abstract: Homologs of Tobacco mosaic virus 30K cell-to-cell movement protein are encoded by diverse plant viruses. Mechanisms of action and evolutionary origins of these proteins remain obscure. We expand the picture of conservation and evolution of the 30K proteins, producing sequence alignment of the 30K superfamily with the broadest phylogenetic coverage thus far and illuminating structural features of the core all-beta fold of these proteins. Integrated copies of pararetrovirus 30K movement genes are prevalent in euphyllophytes, with at least one copy intact in nearly every examined species, and mRNAs detected for most of them. Sequence analysis suggests repeated integrations, pseudogenizations, and positive selection in those provirus genes. An unannotated 30K-superfamily gene in Arabidopsis thaliana genome is likely expressed as a fusion with the At1g37113 transcript. This molecular background of endopararetrovirus gene products in plants may change our view of virus infection and pathogenesis, and perhaps of cellular homeostasis in the hosts.
authors.affiliation: Division of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, National Science Foundation, 4201 Wilson Boulevard, Arlington, VA 22230, USA. Electronic address: mushegian2@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Arcady R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Mushegian
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, CSIC-UPV, 46022 València, Spain; The Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, NM 87501, USA. Electronic address: sfelena@ibmcp.upv.es.
authors.forename: Santiago F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Elena
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D018745:Genome, Plant; D058507:Host Specificity; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D005810:Multigene Family; D010802:Phylogeny; D053830:Plant Viral Movement Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D010942:Plant Viruses / Q000737:chemistry / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D010944:Plants / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000821:virology*; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D016662:Virus Integration
chemical_list: D053830:Plant Viral Movement Proteins
keywords: Endopararetroviruses; Plasmodesmata; Virus cell-to-cell movement; Virus evolution; Virus to host gene transfer