title: Cardiometabolic risk profile of participants with prediabetes diagnosed by HbA1c criteria in an urban Hong Kong Chinese population over 40 years of age.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the usefulness of the additional measurement of HbA1c , compared with performing only the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), in identifying participants at increased cardiometabolic risk, in an urban Chinese population.
  
  
  METHODS
  All participants from the fourth visit of the population-based Hong Kong Cardiovascular Risk Factors Prevalence Study, without known diabetes, were included. All had their glycaemic status assessed by OGTT and HbA1c , according to American Diabetic Association 2010 criteria.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Based on OGTT criteria alone, 3.5% of the study cohort (N = 1300) had diabetes and 19.2% had prediabetes. Based on HbA1c criteria only, 6.2% had diabetes and 61.2% had prediabetes. The measurement of HbA1c , in addition to the OGTT, increased the proportion of participants with diabetes to 7.8% and with prediabetes to 65.3%. Subjects with prediabetes having raised HbA1c but normal glycaemia (N = 600) had waist circumference, systolic blood pressure, fasting glucose, insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR), Gutt Index and Framingham 10-year cardiovascular risk scores intermediate between those with both normal HbA1c and glycaemia (N = 350), and those with impaired fasting glucose and/or impaired glucose tolerance (N = 249; all P < 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The measurement of HbA1c in our population, in addition to the OGTT, results in the detection of a large number of participants with prediabetes having raised HbA1c but normal glycaemia who have a cardiometabolic risk profile intermediate between impaired fasting glucose and/or impaired glucose tolerance and normal participants, and would benefit from early lifestyle intervention.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
authors.forename: Y C
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Woo
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.|Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
authors.forename: B M Y
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Cheung
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
authors.forename: C Y
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Yeung
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
authors.forename: C H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.|Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
authors.forename: E Y L
authors.initials: EY
authors.lastname: Hui
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
authors.forename: C H Y
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Fong
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
authors.forename: A W K
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Tso
authors.affiliation: Division of Clinical Biochemistry, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tam
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.|Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
authors.forename: K S L
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Lam
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D002681:China / Q000208:ethnology; D003925:Diabetic Angiopathies / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005215:Fasting / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism*; D006723:Hong Kong / Q000208:ethnology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008659:Metabolic Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011236:Prediabetic State / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis*; D012307:Risk Factors; D014504:Urban Health; D055105:Waist Circumference / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin