title: Simultaneous Delorme's procedure and inter-sphinteric prosthetic implant for the treatment of rectal prolapse and faecal incontinence: preliminary experience and literature review.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Rectal prolapse is a distressing condition affecting mostly elderly patients and females. Delorme's procedure is frequently performed since it offers good results and is burdened by a particularly low morbidity. Faecal Incontinence is associated with prolapse in a large percentage of patients, due to the sphincter damage caused by the prolapsed rectum through the anal canal. Prolapse resection is often ineffective in treating incontinence, and further specific procedures are frequently required. At present, no data are available on combined Delorme's procedure with the implant of Bulking Agents for the simultaneous treatment of rectal prolapse and faecal incontinence.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three patients affected by complete external rectal prolapse underwent simultaneous Delorme's procedure with application of six polyacrylonitrile prosthetic cylinders in the inter-sphinteric space (Gate Keeper™, THD, Correggio Italy). Follow up was at 3,6 and 12 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Gate Keeper procedure required a short operative time; no morbidity or complications were experienced. Prolapse was successfully treated in all patients and the mean Vaizey's incontinence score value dropped from pre-operative 19.3 to 9.3 after 3 months. All patients experienced a reduction of incontinence episodes and an improvement in daily activities and lifestyle.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Gate Keeper implant is feasible and safe when associated to surgical procedures like Delorme's prolapse resection. Preliminary results are positive even if a study with a larger numbers of patients is needed to confirm the efficacy. A simultaneous treatment of faecal incontinence should be always considered when performing surgery for rectal prolapse.
  The present manuscript describes a simultaneous combination of two surgical techniques to treat rectal prolapse and faecal incontinence. To date, there are no published data on a similar approach. The paper underlies the importance of treating faecal incontinence when performing surgery for rectal prolapse.
authors.affiliation: University of Perugia School of Medicine Department of Surgery, Via Dottori, 06100 Perugia, Italy. Electronic address: emanuelcavazzoni@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Emanuel
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cavazzoni
authors.affiliation: University of Perugia School of Medicine Department of Surgery, Via Dottori, 06100 Perugia, Italy. Electronic address: emanuelepg@hotmail.it.
authors.forename: Emanuele
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rosati
authors.affiliation: University of Perugia School of Medicine Department of Surgery, Via Dottori, 06100 Perugia, Italy. Electronic address: valezavi@hotmail.it.
authors.forename: Valentina
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Zavagno
authors.affiliation: University of Perugia School of Medicine Department of Surgery, Via Dottori, 06100 Perugia, Italy. Electronic address: luiginagraziosi@yahoo.it.
authors.forename: Luigina
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Graziosi
authors.affiliation: University of Perugia School of Medicine Department of Surgery, Via Dottori, 06100 Perugia, Italy. Electronic address: dna@unipg.it.
authors.forename: Annibale
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Donini
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001003:Anal Canal / Q000601:surgery; D013505:Digestive System Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D005242:Fecal Incontinence / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D061646:Operative Time; D019736:Prostheses and Implants; D012005:Rectal Prolapse / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery*; D012008:Recurrence
keywords: Anal; Bulking agents; Incontinence; Prolapse