title: Syndecan-1 expression is associated with tumor size and EGFR expression in colorectal carcinoma: a clinicopathological study of 230 cases.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Syndecan-1 (SDC1) is reported to modulate several key processes of tumorigenesis and has variable expression in many cancers. To date, the cause of altered expression has not been elucidated. In this study, we compared SDC1 expression with various clinicopathological parameters and molecular markers to evaluate its clinical significance in colorectal carcinoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  We screened for SDC1 expression using immunohistochemistry in 230 surgical specimens of primary colorectal carcinoma from patients consecutively treated between 2008 and 2011 at Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea. The relationship between SDC1 expression and various clinicopathological parameters and molecular markers was analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The tumors were principally located in the left colon (71.3%) and rectum (33.5%). There were 216 (93.9%) adenocarcinomas, 10 (4.3%) mucinous adenocarcinomas, and 4 other tumors. Most of the carcinomas were pT3 (68.3%) and pT4 (22.2%). There was regional lymph node metastasis in 140 patients. SDC1 expression was identified in the cancer cells of 212 (96.8%) colon cancer cases. Of the SDC1-positive cases, 131 showed predominantly membranous immunopositivity, and 81 showed a predominantly cytoplasmic staining pattern. Mixed membranous and cytoplasmic staining was observed in 154 cases. In 93 cases, stromal SDC1 reactivity was noted. Epithelial SDC1 immunopositivity was significantly associated with tumor size (p=0.016) and epidermal growth factor receptor expression (p=0.006). However, it was not significantly correlated with lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis, lymphatic or vascular invasion, or KRAS mutation. In addition, stromal SDC1 immunopositivity was significantly associated with the male sex (p=0.018).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The expression profile of SDC1 may be of clinical value in colorectal cancer and may help in identifying aggressive forms of colorectal carcinoma. Further studies are needed in order to better understand the role of SDC1 in the progression and invasiveness of colorectal carcinoma.
authors.affiliation: 1. Department of Pathology, The Catholic University of Korea, School of Medicine, Seocho-gu Banpodaero 222, Seoul 137-701, South Korea.
authors.forename: Su Young
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: 1. Department of Pathology, The Catholic University of Korea, School of Medicine, Seocho-gu Banpodaero 222, Seoul 137-701, South Korea.
authors.forename: Eun Ji
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: 1. Department of Pathology, The Catholic University of Korea, School of Medicine, Seocho-gu Banpodaero 222, Seoul 137-701, South Korea.
authors.forename: Jeong A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Yun
authors.affiliation: 2. Department of Hospital Pathology, The Catholic University of Korea, School of Medicine, Seocho-gu Banpodaero 222, Seoul 137-701, South Korea.
authors.forename: Eun Sun
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.affiliation: 3. Department of Surgery, The Catholic University of Korea, School of Medicine, Seocho-gu Banpodaero 222, Seoul 137-701, South Korea.
authors.forename: Seung Taek
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.affiliation: 3. Department of Surgery, The Catholic University of Korea, School of Medicine, Seocho-gu Banpodaero 222, Seoul 137-701, South Korea.
authors.forename: Jun Gi
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: 3. Department of Surgery, The Catholic University of Korea, School of Medicine, Seocho-gu Banpodaero 222, Seoul 137-701, South Korea.
authors.forename: Won Kyung
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.affiliation: 2. Department of Hospital Pathology, The Catholic University of Korea, School of Medicine, Seocho-gu Banpodaero 222, Seoul 137-701, South Korea.
authors.forename: Sung Hak
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D066246:ErbB Receptors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D016283:Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras); D053668:Syndecan-1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D046888:Tissue Array Analysis; D018631:ras Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C117307:KRAS protein, human; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D053668:Syndecan-1; C512478:EGFR protein, human; D066246:ErbB Receptors; D016283:Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras); D018631:ras Proteins
keywords: Biomarkers; Colorectal cancer; Expression; Immunohistochemistry; Syndecan-1