title: The potential of minor ginsenosides isolated from the leaves of Panax ginseng as inhibitors of melanogenesis.
abstract: Three minor ginsenosides, namely, ginsenoside Rh6 (1), vina-ginsenoside R4 (2) and vina-ginsenoside R13 (3), were isolated from the leaves of hydroponic Panax ginseng. The chemical structures were determined based on spectroscopic methods, including fast atom bombardment mass spectroscopy (FAB-MS), 1D-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), 2D-NMR, and, infrared (IR) spectroscopy. The melanogenic inhibitory activity of compounds 1, 2 and 3 was 23.9%, 27.8% and 35.2%, respectively, at a concentration of 80 µM. Likewise, the three compounds showed inhibitory activity on body pigmentation on a zebrafish model, which is commonly used as a model for biomedical or cosmetic research. These results from in vitro and in vivo systems suggest that the three aforementioned compounds isolated from Panax ginseng may have potential as new skin whitening compounds.
authors.affiliation: Department of Herbal Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, RDA, Eumseong 369-837, Korea. dylee0809@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Dae-Young
authors.initials: DY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 446-706, Korea. cbj2108@khu.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Byeong-Ju
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Cha
authors.affiliation: Department of Herbal Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, RDA, Eumseong 369-837, Korea. youngseoblee@korea.kr.
authors.forename: Young-Seob
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Herbal Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, RDA, Eumseong 369-837, Korea. kimgs0725@korea.kr.
authors.forename: Geum-Soog
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Herbal Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, RDA, Eumseong 369-837, Korea. jumpspace@korea.kr.
authors.forename: Hyung-Jun
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Noh
authors.affiliation: Department of Herbal Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, RDA, Eumseong 369-837, Korea. kimsyu@korea.kr.
authors.forename: Seung-Yu
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Research & Development Center, GFC Co., Ltd., Suwon 443-813, Korea. cmkorea@unitel.co.kr.
authors.forename: Hee Cheol
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.affiliation: College of Herbal Bio-industry, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan 712-715, Korea. gonogo1@nate.com.
authors.forename: Jin Hee
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 446-706, Korea. nibaek@khu.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Nam-In
authors.initials: NI
authors.lastname: Baek
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D036145:Ginsenosides / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008543:Melanins / Q000378:metabolism*; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D005894:Panax / Q000737:chemistry*; D012880:Skin Pigmentation / Q000187:drug effects; D015027:Zebrafish
chemical_list: D036145:Ginsenosides; D008543:Melanins