title: Biocontrol ability and action mechanism of food-isolated yeast strains against Botrytis cinerea causing post-harvest bunch rot of table grape.
abstract: Strains belonging to the species Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Wickerhamomyces anomalus, Metschnikowia pulcherrima and Aureobasidium pullulans, isolated from different food sources, were tested in vitro as biocontrol agents (BCAs) against the post-harvest pathogenic mold Botrytis cinerea. All yeast strains demonstrated antifungal activity at different levels depending on species and medium. Killer strains of W. anomalus and S. cerevisiae showed the highest biocontrol in vitro activity, as demonstrated by largest inhibition halos. The competition for iron and the ability to form biofilm and to colonize fruit wounds were hypothesized as the main action mechanisms for M. pulcherrima. The production of hydrolytic enzymes and the ability to colonize the wounds were the most important mechanisms for biocontrol activity in A. pullulans and W. anomalus, which also showed high ability to form biofilm. The production of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) with in vitro and in vivo inhibitory effect on pathogen growth was observed for the species W. anomalus, S. cerevisiae and M. pulcherrima. Our study clearly indicates that multiple modes of action may explain as M. pulcherrima provide excellent control of postharvest botrytis bunch rot of grape.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente, University of Catania, via S. Sofia 100, 95123, Catania, Italy.
authors.forename: Lucia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Parafati
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente, University of Catania, via S. Sofia 100, 95123, Catania, Italy.
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vitale
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente, University of Catania, via S. Sofia 100, 95123, Catania, Italy. Electronic address: crestu@unict.it.
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Restuccia
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente, University of Catania, via S. Sofia 100, 95123, Catania, Italy.
authors.forename: Gabriella
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cirvilleri
mesh_terms: D000898:Antibiosis; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D001203:Ascomycota / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000502:physiology; D018441:Biofilms / Q000254:growth & development; D061046:Biological Control Agents; D020171:Botrytis / Q000254:growth & development*; D002175:Candida / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000502:physiology; D005516:Food Microbiology; D007501:Iron / Q000378:metabolism; D055163:Metschnikowia / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000502:physiology; D010843:Pichia / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000502:physiology; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000382:microbiology*; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000502:physiology; D027843:Vitis / Q000382:microbiology*; D015003:Yeasts / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; D061046:Biological Control Agents; D007501:Iron
keywords: Grape; In vivo antagonism; Iron; Killer yeasts; Lytic enzymes; VOCs