title: Protocols for the measurement of the F2-isoprostane, 15(S)-8-iso-prostaglandin F2α, in biological samples by GC-MS or GC-MS/MS coupled with immunoaffinity column chromatography.
abstract: Arachidonic acid, the origin of the eicosanoids family, occurs in biological samples as free acid and as ester in lipids. Free arachidonic acid is oxidized to numerous metabolites by means of enzymes including cyclooxygenase (COX). Arachidonic acid esterified to lipids is attacked by reactive oxygen species (ROS) to generate numerous oxidized arachidonic acid derivatives. Generally, it is assumed that ROS-derived arachidonic acid derivatives are distinct from those generated by enzymes such as COX. Therefore, ROS-generated eicosanoids are considered specific biomarkers of oxidative stress. However, there are serious doubts concerning a strict distinction between the enzyme-derived eicosanoids and the ROS-derived iso-eicosanoids. Prominent examples are prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) and 15(S)-8-iso-prostaglandin F2α (15(S)-8-iso-PGF2α) which have been originally considered to exclusively derive from COX and ROS, respectively. There is convincing evidence that both COX and ROS can oxidize arachidonic acid to PGF2α and 15(S)-8-iso-PGF2α. Thus, many results previously reported for 15(S)-8-iso-PGF2α as exclusive ROS-dependent reaction product, and consequently as a specific biomarker of oxidative stress, require a careful re-examination which should also consider the analytical methods used to measure 15(S)-8-iso-PGF2α. This prominent but certainly not the only example underlines more than ever the importance of the analytical chemistry in basic and clinical research areas of oxidative stress. In the present work, we report analytical protocols for the reliable quantitative determination of 15(S)-8-iso-PGF2α in human biological samples including plasma and urine by mass spectrometry coupled to gas chromatography (GC-MS, GC-MS/MS) after specific isolation of endogenous 15(S)-8-iso-PGF2α and the externally added internal standard [3,3',4,4'-(2)H4]-15(S)-8-iso-PGF2α by immunoaffinity column chromatography (IAC). 15(S)-8-iso-PGF2α esterified to plasma lipids is hydrolysed by KOH. 15(S)-8-iso-PGF2α and [3,3',4,4'-(2)H4]-15(S)-8-iso-PGF2α are analyzed as pentafluorobenzyl ester trimethylsilyl ether derivatives in the electron-capture negative-ion chemical ionization mode.
authors.affiliation: Bioanalytical Research Laboratory for NO, Eicosanoids and Oxidative Stress, Centre of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hannover Medical School, 30623 Hannover, Germany. Electronic address: tsikas.dimitros@mh-hannover.de.
authors.forename: Dimitrios
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Tsikas
authors.affiliation: Bioanalytical Research Laboratory for NO, Eicosanoids and Oxidative Stress, Centre of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hannover Medical School, 30623 Hannover, Germany.
authors.forename: Maria-Theresia
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Suchy
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D002846:Chromatography, Affinity / Q000379:methods*; D015237:Dinoprost / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D028441:F2-Isoprostanes / Q000097:blood* / Q000652:urine*; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D028441:F2-Isoprostanes; C075750:8-epi-prostaglandin F2alpha; D015237:Dinoprost
keywords: Biological samples; Immunoaffinity column chromatography; Mass spectrometry; Oxidative stress; Protocols; Stable isotopes