title: Treatment of Chlamydial infections: 2014 update.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Chlamydiae are obligate intracellular bacterial pathogens whose entry into mucosal epithelial cells is required for intracellular survival and subsequent growth. The life cycle of Chlamydia spp. and the ability to cause persistent, often subclinical infection, has major ramifications for diagnosis and treatment of Chlamydia trachomatis and C. pneumoniae infections in humans.
  
  
  METHODS
  This paper reviews the current literature on the antimicrobial susceptibilities and treatment of genital infections due to C. trachomatis and respiratory infections due to C. pneumoniae published since 2011.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Chlamydiae are susceptible to antibiotics that interfere with DNA and protein synthesis, including tetracyclines, macrolides and quinolones, which are the compounds that have been most extensively studied and used for treatment of human infection. Since our original review was published in 2011, there have been some major advances in diagnostic tests for C. trachomatis and the introduction of the first FDA-approved test for the detection of C. pneumoniae in respiratory samples. However, the options for treating chlamydial infections have largely remained the same. There are a small number of new drugs currently in preclinical development and early clinical trials that may have a role in the treatment of chlamydial infections.
authors.affiliation: SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics , 450 Clarkson Ave., Brooklyn, NY 11203-2098 , USA skohlhoff@downstate.edu.
authors.forename: Stephan A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Kohlhoff
authors.forename: Margaret R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Hammerschlag
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002690:Chlamydia Infections / Q000188:drug therapy*; D002692:Chlamydia trachomatis / Q000187:drug effects; D023521:Chlamydophila Infections / Q000188:drug therapy*; D016993:Chlamydophila pneumoniae / Q000187:drug effects; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D006801:Humans; D012141:Respiratory Tract Infections / Q000188:drug therapy
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents
keywords: Chlamydia pneumoniae; Chlamydia trachomatis; Chlamydiae; antibiotics