title: Periodic limb movements during sleep are associated with a lower quality of life in children with monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis.
abstract: The study investigates whether cortical arousals and periodic limb movements during sleep are related to daytime psychological functioning in children with monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis with associated nocturnal polyuria. Psychological functioning is evaluated on five domains: attention deficit hyperactivity disorder-inattentive problems, quality of life, internalizing problems, externalizing problems, and executive functioning. This multi-informant (parents, teachers, and children) and multi-method study included overnight video-polysomnography, questionnaires, and neuropsychological testing. Thirty children (7 girls) 6 to 16 years (mean 10.43 years, SD 3.08) were selected in a tertiary enuresis center. A high index of periodic limb movements during sleep was associated with a lower quality of life, according to the child. No significant correlations were found with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder-inattentive problems, internalizing problems, externalizing problems, and executive functioning.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study clarifies the relationship between sleep parameters and psychological functioning of the children with monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis and associated nocturnal polyuria according to the child, the parents, and the teachers. Periodic limb movements during sleep are associated with a lower quality of life of the child.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Nephrology/Urology, University Hospital Ghent, De Pintelaan 185, 9000, Ghent, Belgium, charlotte.vanherzeele@ugent.be.
authors.forename: Charlotte
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Van Herzeele
authors.forename: Karlien
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Dhondt
authors.forename: Sanne Patrick
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Roels
authors.forename: Ann
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Raes
authors.forename: Luitzen-Albert
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Groen
authors.forename: Piet
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hoebeke
authors.forename: Johan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vande Walle
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001143:Arousal / Q000502:physiology; D002648:Child; D005121:Extremities / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009068:Movement / Q000502:physiology; D053206:Nocturnal Enuresis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology*; D017286:Polysomnography; D011788:Quality of Life; D012890:Sleep / Q000502:physiology*