title: White mulberry (Morus alba) foliage methanolic extract can alleviate Aeromonas hydrophila infection in African catfish (Clarias gariepinus).
abstract: Two experiments were simultaneously conducted with Morus alba (white mulberry) foliage extract (MFE) as a growth promoter and treatment of Aeromonas hydrophila infection in separate 60 and 30 days trail (Experiments 1 and 2, resp.) in African catfish (Clarias gariepinus). In Experiment 1, four diets, control and control supplemented with 2, 5, or 7 g MFE/kg dry matter (DM) of diet, were used. In Experiment 2, fish were intraperitoneally infected with Aeromonas hydrophila and fed the same diets as experiment 1 plus additional two diets with or without antibiotic. Results of experiment 1 showed that growth was unaffected by dietary levels of MFE. Treatments with the inclusion of MFE at the levels of 5 and 7 g/Kg DM had no mortality. Red blood cells (RBC), albumin, and total protein were all higher for the treatments fed MFE (5 and 7 g/Kg DM). Results of experiment 2 showed RBC, hemoglobin, hematocrit, globulin, albumin, and total protein improved with the increase in MFE in the infected fish. The dietary MFE at the level of 7 g/kg DM reduced mortality rate. In conclusion, MFE at the level of 7 g/kg DM could be a valuable dietary supplement to cure the infected fish.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Atefeh
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sheikhlar
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Abd Razk
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Alimon
authors.affiliation: Aquatic Animal Health Unit, Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Hassan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Daud
authors.affiliation: Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Chee R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Saad
authors.affiliation: Aquaculture Research Center, Kentucky State University, Frankfort, KY 40601, USA.
authors.forename: Carl D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Webster
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia ; Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Goh Yong
authors.initials: GY
authors.lastname: Meng
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Mahdi
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-3827-7369
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ebrahimi
mesh_terms: D016980:Aeromonas hydrophila / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D000349:Africa; D000818:Animals; D002397:Catfishes / Q000254:growth & development / Q000382:microbiology*; D004032:Diet; D016905:Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology; D000432:Methanol / Q000737:chemistry*; D031625:Morus / Q000737:chemistry*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D010936:Plant Extracts; D000432:Methanol