title: A retrospective longitudinal study of cognitive and language skills in poor reading comprehension.
abstract: Fifty-six specific poor reading comprehenders (SPRC) were selected in Grade 4 and retrospectively compared to good comprehenders at preschool (age 5) and at the end of kindergarten, Grade 1, and Grade 2. The results revealed deficits in vocabulary, grammar, verbal memory and early deficits in phonological awareness in most of the SPRC sample, beginning in preschool. The reading comprehension deficits in children with SPRC were not as marked in earlier assessments in Grade 1 and 2, probably because of the greater dependence on word decoding in reading comprehension in the early grades.
authors.affiliation: Linköping University, Sweden.
authors.forename: Åsa
authors.initials: Å
authors.lastname: Elwér
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gustafson
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Byrne
authors.forename: Richard K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Olson
authors.forename: Janice M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Keenan
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Samuelsson
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003071:Cognition; D032882:Comprehension; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007802:Language; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008568:Memory; D010700:Phonetics; D011932:Reading; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014427:Twins; D014825:Vocabulary
keywords: Poor comprehenders; core deficits; longitudinal study; preschool language skills; reading comprehension