title: Kinetics of methane hydrate replacement with carbon dioxide and nitrogen gas mixture using in situ NMR spectroscopy.
abstract: In this study, the kinetics of methane replacement with carbon dioxide and nitrogen gas in methane gas hydrate prepared in porous silica gel matrices has been studied by in situ (1)H and (13)C NMR spectroscopy. The replacement process was monitored by in situ (1)H NMR spectra, where about 42 mol % of the methane in the hydrate cages was replaced in 65 h. Large amounts of free water were not observed during the replacement process, indicating a spontaneous replacement reaction upon exposing methane hydrate to carbon dioxide and nitrogen gas mixture. From in situ (13)C NMR spectra, we confirmed that the replacement ratio was slightly higher in small cages, but due to the composition of structure I hydrate, the amount of methane evolved from the large cages was larger than that of the small cages. Compositional analysis of vapor and hydrate phases was also carried out after the replacement reaction ceased. Notably, the composition changes in hydrate phases after the replacement reaction would be affected by the difference in the chemical potential between the vapor phase and hydrate surface rather than a pore size effect. These results suggest that the replacement technique provides methane recovery as well as stabilization of the resulting carbon dioxide hydrate phase without melting.
authors.affiliation: Department of Energy and Resources Engineering, Kangwon National University , 1 Kangwondaehak-gil, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do 200-701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Minjun
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cha
authors.forename: Kyuchul
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.forename: Huen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Igor L
authors.initials: IL
authors.lastname: Moudrakovski
authors.forename: John A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Ripmeester
authors.forename: Yutaek
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Seo
mesh_terms: D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000737:chemistry*; D007700:Kinetics; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008697:Methane / Q000737:chemistry*; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000737:chemistry*; D058428:Silica Gel / Q000737:chemistry; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D014867:Water; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D058428:Silica Gel; D009584:Nitrogen; D008697:Methane