title: Anisakis spp. induced granulomatous dermatitis in a harbour porpoise Phocoena phocoena and a bottlenose dolphin Tursiops truncatus.
abstract: Cetaceans are well known definitive hosts of parasitic nematodes of the genus Anisakis (Nematoda: Anisakidae). Anisakid nematodes are also a health hazard for humans, potentially causing gastrointestinal infections or allergic reactions following the consumption of infected fish. In marine mammals, the nematodes develop from third-stage larvae to adults in the stomachs. In the first (or fore-) stomach, these parasites are typically associated with mucosal ulceration; parasites have not been identified in other organs. Two small cetaceans, a bottlenose dolphin Tursiops truncatus and a harbour porpoise Phocoena phocoena, presented marked gastric A. simplex infection, as well as chronic granulomatous and ulcerative dermatitis with intralesional nematodes, bordered by epithelial hyperplasia. Nematodes in the skin of the bottlenose dolphin were morphologically similar to Anisakis spp. Morphology of the parasitic remnants in the skin lesion of the harbour porpoise was indistinct, but molecular identification confirmed the presence of A. simplex. This is the first report of Anisakis spp. infection in the skin of marine mammals.
authors.affiliation: Pathology Division, Department of Pathobiology, and Dutch Wildlife Health Centre, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, PO Box 80.165, 3508 TD Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Steven J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: van Beurden
authors.forename: Lonneke L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: IJsseldijk
authors.forename: Herman J W M
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Cremers
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gröne
authors.forename: M Hélène
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Verheije
authors.forename: Lineke
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Begeman
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017129:Anisakiasis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000469:parasitology / Q000662:veterinary*; D017163:Anisakis / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D050681:Bottle-Nosed Dolphin; D003872:Dermatitis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000469:parasitology / Q000662:veterinary*; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D009426:Netherlands; D050741:Phocoena