title: Dialysis dose and risk factors for death among ESRD patients treated with twice-weekly hemodialysis: a prospective cohort study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We aimed to define the dosing and risk factors for death in patients undergoing twice-weekly hemodialysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective multi-center cohort study was conducted with one-year observation. Patients treated with twice- or thrice-weekly hemodialysis were identified. Death and first admission were the outcomes. spKt/V was a factor of interest.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We enrolled 504 twice-weekly and 169 thrice-weekly hemodialysis patients. The mean weekly values of spKt/V in the two groups were 3.4 and 5.1. The one-year survival rate and times to hospitalization were similar in both groups. The hazard ratios for death in higher spKt/V quartile was not associated with lower mortality, p = 0.70. The four significant predictors for death were serum albumin, HR = 2.6, current smoking, HR = 19.3, age, HR = 1.1, and the Index of Coexistent Disease [ICED], HR = 1.9.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The effect of spKt/V on short-term mortality was not obvious in twice-weekly dialysis patients. Attention should be paid to patients who smoke, have hypoalbuminemia, are elderly, or have a high ICED.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics and Demography, Faculty of Public Health, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.
authors.forename: Thanachai
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Panaput
authors.forename: Bandit
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Thinkhamrop
authors.forename: Somnuek
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Domrongkitchaiporn
authors.forename: Dhavee
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sirivongs
authors.forename: Laksamon
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Praderm
authors.forename: Jirasak
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Anukulanantachai
authors.forename: Chavasak
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kanokkantapong
authors.forename: Pakorn
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Tungkasereerak
authors.forename: Cholatip
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pongskul
authors.forename: Sirirat
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Anutrakulchai
authors.forename: Thathsalang
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Keobounma
authors.forename: Surapong
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Narenpitak
authors.forename: Pisith
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Intarawongchot
authors.forename: Ammrit
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Suwattanasin
authors.forename: Sajja
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tatiyanupanwong
authors.forename: Kannika
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Niwattayakul
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology; D015897:Comorbidity; D048909:Diabetes Complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006525:Hepatitis, Viral, Human / Q000453:epidemiology; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D034141:Hypoalbuminemia / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011446:Prospective Studies; D006435:Renal Dialysis / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012709:Serum Albumin / Q000032:analysis; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000453:epidemiology; D013785:Thailand / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D012709:Serum Albumin