title: Biomechanics of gait during pregnancy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  During pregnancy women experience several changes in the body's physiology, morphology, and hormonal system. These changes may affect the balance and body stability and can cause discomfort and pain. The adaptations of the musculoskeletal system due to morphological changes during pregnancy are not fully understood. Few studies clarify the biomechanical changes of gait that occur during pregnancy and in postpartum period.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this review was to analyze the available evidence on the biomechanical adaptations of gait that occur throughout pregnancy and in postpartum period, specifically with regard to the temporal, spatial, kinematic, and kinetic parameters of gait.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three databases were searched and 9 studies with a follow-up design were retrieved for analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Most studies performed temporal, spatial, and kinematic analysis. Only three studies performed kinetic analysis. CONCLUSION. The adaptation strategies to the anatomical and physiological changes throughout pregnancy are still unclear, particularly in a longitudinal perspective and regarding kinetic parameters.
authors.affiliation: Interdisciplinary Centre for the Study of Human Performance (CIPER), Faculty of Human Kinetics (FMH), University of Lisbon (UL), 1499-002 Cruz Quebrada-Dafundo, Portugal ; Sport Sciences School of Rio Maior (ESDRM), Polytechnic Institute of Santarém (IPS), 2040-413 Rio Maior, Portugal.
authors.forename: Marco
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-5238-1069
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Branco
authors.affiliation: Interdisciplinary Centre for the Study of Human Performance (CIPER), Faculty of Human Kinetics (FMH), University of Lisbon (UL), 1499-002 Cruz Quebrada-Dafundo, Portugal ; Sport Sciences School of Rio Maior (ESDRM), Polytechnic Institute of Santarém (IPS), 2040-413 Rio Maior, Portugal.
authors.forename: Rita
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-7188-8383
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Santos-Rocha
authors.affiliation: Interdisciplinary Centre for the Study of Human Performance (CIPER), Faculty of Human Kinetics (FMH), University of Lisbon (UL), 1499-002 Cruz Quebrada-Dafundo, Portugal ; Faculty of Human Kinetics (FMH), University of Lisbon (UL), 1499-002 Cruz Quebrada-Dafundo, Portugal.
authors.forename: Filomena
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Vieira
mesh_terms: D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D005260:Female; D005684:Gait / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007700:Kinetics; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D011247:Pregnancy; D013997:Time Factors