title: Influence of oxidative stress biomarkers on cognitive decline.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Abnormal oxidative stress is an established feature of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Markers of lipoperoxidation and deficits in serum antioxidants could have a predictive value for identifying subjects at risk of dementia and to predict cognitive decline.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Search for relationships between the levels of some oxidative stress biomarkers and cognitive function decline that would help predict this decline.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study solicited and included 97 patients aged 63 to 93 years with various suspected neurodegenerative diseases (35 with AD). They were followed up at six-month intervals over two years (2010-2012). The study: i) assessed the blood levels of glutathione peroxidase, glutathione, and malondialdehyde; ii) performed the Mini-Mental Status Examination (MMSE), the Clock Drawing test, the free/cued recall task with 16-item lists, the cue percentage; and the Trail Making Test; and iii) acquired brain magnetic resonance imaging or tomodensitometry. The primary outcome measure was the MMSE score.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The MMSE score was correlated with the score of each neuropsychological test, the age at baseline, and the glutathione level. On average, the decline in the MMSE score was 1.63 points per six months. A 100 International Unit increase in glutathione peroxidase was associated with an average loss of 1.19 MMSE points per six months (p = 0.002). A 100 μmol/L increase in glutathione was associated with an average loss of 1.80 MMSE points per six months (p = 0.014).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Oxidative stress biomarkers, especially glutathione peroxidase and glutathione, may predict the course of cognitive decline in patients with AD or other neurodegenerative disorders.
authors.affiliation: Service de Médecine Gériatrique, Centre Hospitalier Lyon-Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Pierre-Bénite, France Université de Lyon, Lyon, France.
authors.forename: Frédéric
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Revel
authors.affiliation: Service de Médecine Gériatrique, Centre Hospitalier Lyon-Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Pierre-Bénite, France.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Gilbert
authors.affiliation: Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France Service de Biostatistique, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France CNRS UMR 5558, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, Equipe Biostatistique Santé, Villeurbanne, France.
authors.forename: Sylvain
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Roche
authors.affiliation: Service de Biochimie et de Biologie Moléculaire, Centre Hospitalier Lyon-Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Pierre-Bénite, France INSERM U1060, Laboratoire CarMeN (cardiovasculaire, métabolisme, diabétologie et nutrition), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Pierre-Bénite, France.
authors.forename: Jocelyne
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Drai
authors.affiliation: Service de Biochimie et de Biologie Moléculaire, Centre Hospitalier Lyon-Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Pierre-Bénite, France INSERM U1060, Laboratoire CarMeN (cardiovasculaire, métabolisme, diabétologie et nutrition), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Pierre-Bénite, France.
authors.forename: Emilie
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Blond
authors.affiliation: Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France Service de Biostatistique, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France CNRS UMR 5558, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, Equipe Biostatistique Santé, Villeurbanne, France.
authors.forename: René
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ecochard
authors.affiliation: Service de Médecine Gériatrique, Centre Hospitalier Lyon-Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Pierre-Bénite, France Université de Lyon, Lyon, France INSERM U1060, Laboratoire CarMeN (cardiovasculaire, métabolisme, diabétologie et nutrition), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Pierre-Bénite, France.
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bonnefoy
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000097:blood* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D055664:Electrochemical Techniques; D005260:Female; D005978:Glutathione / Q000097:blood; D019803:Glutathione Disulfide / Q000097:blood; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000097:blood; D008609:Mental Status Schedule; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000502:physiology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013223:Statistics as Topic
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D005978:Glutathione; D019803:Glutathione Disulfide
keywords: Alzheimer's disease; biological markers; glutathione; glutathione peroxidase; malondialdehyde; oxidative stress