title: Mechanical, material, and antimicrobial properties of acrylic bone cement impregnated with silver nanoparticles.
abstract: Prosthetic joint infection is one of the most serious complications that can lead to failure of a total joint replacement. Recently, the rise of multidrug resistant bacteria has substantially reduced the efficacy of antibiotics that are typically incorporated into acrylic bone cement. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are an attractive alternative to traditional antibiotics resulting from their broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity and low bacterial resistance. The purpose of this study, therefore, was to incorporate metallic silver nanoparticles into acrylic bone cement and quantify the effects on the cement's mechanical, material and antimicrobial properties. AgNPs at three loading ratios (0.25, 0.5, and 1.0% wt/wt) were incorporated into a commercial bone cement using a probe sonication technique. The resulting cements demonstrated mechanical and material properties that were not substantially different from the standard cement. Testing against Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis using Kirby-Bauer and time-kill assays demonstrated no antimicrobial activity against planktonic bacteria. In contrast, cements modified with AgNPs significantly reduced biofilm formation on the surface of the cement. These results indicate that AgNP-loaded cement is of high potential for use in primary arthroplasty where prevention of bacterial surface colonization is vital.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA. Electronic address: jaslane@wisc.edu.
authors.forename: Josh
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Slane
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Viña del Mar, Chile.
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vivanco
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
authors.forename: Warren
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Rose
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
authors.forename: Heidi-Lynn
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Ploeg
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
authors.forename: Matthew
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Squire
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018441:Biofilms / Q000187:drug effects; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D001843:Bone Cements / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D002460:Cell Line / Q000187:drug effects; D008422:Materials Testing / Q000379:methods; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000187:drug effects; D019904:Polymethyl Methacrylate / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D012834:Silver / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D013212:Staphylococcus epidermidis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D001843:Bone Cements; D012834:Silver; D019904:Polymethyl Methacrylate
keywords: Antimicrobial; Bone cement; Infection; Mechanical properties; Nanoparticles