title: Total anomalous pulmonary venous return in siblings.
abstract: Total anomalous pulmonary venous return (TAPVR) is a rare and critical congenital vascular anomaly that requires an early operation. However, initial symptoms of TAPVR may be non-specific, and cardiovascular findings may be minimal. The heart may not be enlarged and there is often no cardiac murmur. Without cardiac murmur, these symptoms are similar to those of respiratory distress syndrome in newborns. Therefore, a high degree of suspicion and an early diagnosis of TAPVR are important. This condition generally occurs without a family history and has a low recurrence rate, but several familial cases, including siblings, have been reported worldwide. Additionally, several chromosomal or gene abnormalities associated with TAPVR have been reported. In the case presented here, two brothers with a 6-year age gap were diagnosed with TAPVR. Surgery was performed without cardiac or neurological complications. This is the first report on TAPVR in siblings in Korea.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Chonnam National University Medical School, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea.
authors.forename: Ho-Sung
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Chonnam National University Medical School, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea.
authors.forename: Kumi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Jeong
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Chonnam National University Medical School, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea.
authors.forename: Hwa-Jin
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Chonnam National University Medical School, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea.
authors.forename: Woo-Yeon
authors.initials: WY
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Chonnam National University Medical School, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea.
authors.forename: Young Earl
authors.initials: YE
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Chonnam National University Medical School, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea.
authors.forename: Jae Sook
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Chonnam National University Medical School, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea.
authors.forename: Young Kuk
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Cho
keywords: Sibling; TAPVR; Total anomalous pulmonary venous return