title: Regulation of T-cell Tolerance by Lymphatic Endothelial Cells.
abstract: Lymphatic endothelial cells are most often thought of as structural cells that form the lymphatic vasculature, which transports fluid out of peripheral tissues and transports antigens and antigen presenting cells to lymph nodes. Recently, it has been shown that lymphatic endothelial cells also dynamically respond to and influence the immune response in several ways. Here, we describe how lymphatic endothelial cells induce peripheral T-cell tolerance and how this relates to tolerance induced by other types of antigen presenting cells. Furthermore, the ability of lymphatic endothelial cells to alter immune responses under steady-state or inflammatory conditions is explored, and the therapeutic potential of bypassing lymphatic endothelial cell-induced tolerance to enhance cancer immunotherapy is discussed.
authors.affiliation: Carter Immunology Center and Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA.
authors.forename: Sherin J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Rouhani
authors.affiliation: Carter Immunology Center and Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA.
authors.forename: Jacob D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Eccles
authors.affiliation: Carter Immunology Center and Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA.
authors.forename: Eric F
authors.initials: EF
authors.lastname: Tewalt
authors.affiliation: Carter Immunology Center and Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA.
authors.forename: Victor H
authors.initials: VH
authors.lastname: Engelhard
keywords: Inflammation; Lymph node stromal cells; Lymphatic endothelial cells; PD-L1; Peripheral tissue antigens; T-cell tolerance