title: Development and validation of a HPLC-MS/MS method for the determination of phytolaccagenin in rat plasma and application to a pharmacokinetic study.
abstract: Radix Phytolaccae (the dried root of Phytolacca acinosa Roxb. or Phytolacca americana L.) is widely used in East Asian countries for the treatment of inflammation-related diseases. The active component of Radix Phtolaccae is Phytolcaccagenin a triterpenoid saponin. Phytolcaccagenin has anti-inflammatory activities that exceed those of Esculentoside A and its derivatives regarding suppression of LPS-induced inflammation, and has a lower toxicity profile with less hemolysis. To date, no information is available about analytical method and pharmacokinetic studies of phytolaccagenin. To explore PK profile of this compound, a HPLC-MS/MS assay of phytolaccagenin in rat plasma was developed and validated. The method was fully validated according to FDA Guidance for industry. The detection was performed by a triple-quadrupole tandem mass spectrometer with multiple reactions monitoring (MRM) in positive ion mode via electrospray ionization. The monitored transitions were m/z 533.2>515.3 for Phytolcaccagenin, and 491.2>473.2 for I.S. The analysis was performed on a Symmetry C18 column (4.6 mm × 50 mm, 3.5 μm) using gradient elution with the mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile and 0.1% formic acid water at a flow rate of 1 ml/min with a 1:1 splitter ratio. The method was validated with a LLOQ of 20 ng/ml and an ULOQ of 1000 ng/ml. The response versus concentration data were fitted with 1/x weighting and the correlation coefficient (r) were greater than 0.999. The average matrix effect and the average extraction recovery were acceptable. This validation in rat plasma demonstrated that phytolaccagenin was stable for 30 days when stored below -20°C, for 6h at room temperature (RT, 22°C), for 12 h at RT for prepared control samples in auto-sampler vials, and during three successive freeze/thaw cycles results at -20°C. The validated method has been successfully applied to an intravenous bolus pharmacokinetic study of phytolaccagenin in male Sprague-Dawley rats (10 mg/kg, i.v.). Blood samples taken from 0 to 24h after injection were collected, and data analyzed with WinNonlin. The half-life and clearance were 1.4±0.9 h and 2.1±1.1 L/h/kg, respectively.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States; Department of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
authors.forename: Fenghuan
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States.
authors.forename: Ravi Shankar Prasad
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States.
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fueth
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States.
authors.forename: Steven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Swarts
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Okunieff
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States. Electronic address: hartmut@cop.ufl.edu.
authors.forename: Hartmut
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Derendorf
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000097:blood / Q000737:chemistry; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods; D006207:Half-Life; D008297:Male; D009828:Oleanolic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000097:blood / Q000737:chemistry; D029604:Phytolacca americana / Q000737:chemistry*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000097:blood* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000737:chemistry; D010949:Plasma / Q000737:chemistry*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012503:Saponins / Q000097:blood / Q000737:chemistry; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization / Q000379:methods; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D010936:Plant Extracts; D012503:Saponins; C076297:esculentoside A; D009828:Oleanolic Acid
keywords: Anti-inflammatory; HPLC–MS/MS; Pharmacokinetic study; Phytolaccagenin; Validation