title: Relationship between smoking and multiple colorectal cancers in patients with Japanese Lynch syndrome: a cross-sectional study conducted by the Japanese Society for Cancer of the Colon and Rectum.
abstract: The positive correlation between smoking and cancer risk is well estimated in sporadic colorectal cancer, whereas little is known with regard to Lynch syndrome-associated colorectal cancer. A total of 118 familial colorectal cancer patients from the Hereditary Nonpolyposis Colorectal Cancer Registry and Genetic Testing Project of the Japanese Society for Cancer of the Colon and Rectum, were assessed to determine whether smoking alters the incidence of multiple colorectal cancers. In male patients with Lynch syndrome (n = 29), the incidence of multiple colorectal cancers in patients who had ever smoked (smoking duration: median of 19 years) was higher than that in those who never smoked (58.8% vs. 10.0%, P = 0.02). The cumulative risk for metachronous colorectal cancer was significantly higher in male Lynch syndrome patients who had previously smoked than in those who had never smoked (P = 0.03). Our data suggest that long-term cigarette smoking might be a strong risk factor for the development of multiple colorectal cancers in male Lynch syndrome patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Iwakuni Clinical Center, Iwakuni.
authors.forename: Kohji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tanakaya
authors.affiliation: Division of Clinical Genome Research, Advanced Clinical Research Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo.
authors.forename: Yoichi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Furukawa
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo.
authors.forename: Yusuke
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery 1, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu.
authors.forename: Keiji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hirata
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya.
authors.forename: Naohiro
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tomita
authors.affiliation: Major in Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering Research, Kinki University, Higashiosaka.
authors.forename: Kazuo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tamura
authors.affiliation: Oncogene Research Unit/Cancer Prevention Unit, Tochigi Cancer Center, Utsunomiya.
authors.forename: Kokichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sugano
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Oncology, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai.
authors.forename: Chikashi
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ishioka
authors.affiliation: Genetics Division, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo.
authors.forename: Teruhiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.affiliation: Department of Digestive Tract and General Surgery, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Kawagoe 05hishi@saitama-med.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Hideyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ishida
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo.
authors.forename: Toshiaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Oncology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Kenichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sugihara
authors.forename: Tatsuro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamaguchi
authors.forename: Hideki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ishikawa
authors.forename: Nagahide
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Matsubara
authors.forename: Masami
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Arai
authors.forename: Yoshihiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Moriya
mesh_terms: D017668:Age of Onset; D000368:Aged; D003110:Colonic Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D003123:Colorectal Neoplasms, Hereditary Nonpolyposis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009378:Neoplasms, Multiple Primary / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D012004:Rectal Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D012042:Registries; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000453:epidemiology
keywords: Lynch syndrome; colorectal cancer; male; multiple cancer; smoking