title: Muscular pre-conditioning using light-emitting diode therapy (LEDT) for high-intensity exercise: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial with a single elite runner.
abstract: Recently, low-level laser (light) therapy (LLLT) has been used to improve muscle performance. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of near-infrared light-emitting diode therapy (LEDT) and its mechanisms of action to improve muscle performance in an elite athlete. The kinetics of oxygen uptake (VO2), blood and urine markers of muscle damage (creatine kinase--CK and alanine), and fatigue (lactate) were analyzed. Additionally, some metabolic parameters were assessed in urine using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((1)H NMR). A LED cluster with 50 LEDs (λ = 850 nm; 50 mW 15 s; 37.5 J) was applied on legs, arms and trunk muscles of a single runner athlete 5 min before a high-intense constant workload running exercise on treadmill. The athlete received either Placebo-1-LEDT; Placebo-2-LEDT; or Effective-LEDT in a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial with washout period of 7 d between each test. LEDT improved the speed of the muscular VO2 adaptation (∼-9 s), decreased O2 deficit (∼-10 L), increased the VO2 from the slow component phase (∼+348 ml min(-1)), and increased the time limit of exercise (∼+589 s). LEDT decreased blood and urine markers of muscle damage and fatigue (CK, alanine and lactate levels). The results suggest that a muscular pre-conditioning regimen using LEDT before intense exercises could modulate metabolic and renal function to achieve better performance.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Therapy, Laboratory of Electrothermophototherapy, Federal University of São Carlos , São Paulo , Brazil .
authors.forename: Cleber
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ferraresi
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Beltrame
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Fabrizzi
authors.forename: Eduardo Sanches Pereira
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: do Nascimento
authors.forename: Marlus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Karsten
authors.forename: Cristina de Oliveira
authors.initials: Cde O
authors.lastname: Francisco
authors.forename: Audrey
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Borghi-Silva
authors.forename: Aparecida Maria
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Catai
authors.forename: Daniel Rodrigues
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Cardoso
authors.forename: Antonio Gilberto
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Ferreira
authors.forename: Michael R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Hamblin
authors.forename: Vanderlei Salvador
authors.initials: VS
authors.lastname: Bagnato
authors.forename: Nivaldo Antonio
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Parizotto
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000409:Alanine / Q000652:urine; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D003402:Creatine Kinase / Q000097:blood; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D006801:Humans; D007700:Kinetics; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000097:blood; D008027:Light; D028022:Low-Level Light Therapy; D008297:Male; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000528:radiation effects*; D018763:Muscle Fatigue / Q000528:radiation effects; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000378:metabolism / Q000528:radiation effects*; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000528:radiation effects; D010807:Physical Endurance / Q000528:radiation effects*; D066244:Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D012420:Running; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D019344:Lactic Acid; D003402:Creatine Kinase; D000409:Alanine
keywords: Fatigue; LEDT; LLLT; NMR; muscle damage; oxygen uptake; photobiomodulation