title: Metabolite Profiling of the Response of Burdock Roots to Copper Stress.
abstract: Arctium lappa L. (Asteraceae), also known as burdock, has a long history of cultivation as a dietary vegetable worldwide. Stress in plants disrupts metabolic homeostasis and requires adjustment of metabolic pathways. Exposure to heavy metals is one of the most prevalent environmental stresses encountered by plants. In this study, metabolite profiling based on1H NMR and GC-MS was used to obtain a holistic view of the response of burdock roots to copper stress. The principal component analysis model generated from the NMR data showed significant separation between groups. Copper-treated burdock roots were characterized by increased levels of phenols and decreased levels of primary metabolites. These results suggest that copper stress leads to activation of the phenylpropanoid pathway and growth inhibition. GC-MS analyses revealed increased levels of unsaturated fatty acids and decreased levels of sterols in the copper-treated group. Changes in metabolite concentrations were analyzed by UPLC/QTRAP-MS, and the significances were confirmed by two-way analysis of variance and Bonferroni's test. Interestingly, linoleic acid was increased about 2.7-fold, from 316 ± 64.5 to 855 ± 111 ppm, in the group treated with copper for 6 days. This study demonstrates that metabolomic profiling is an effective analytical approach to understanding the metabolic pathway(s) associated with copper stress in burdock roots.
authors.affiliation: Integrated Metabolomics Research Group, Western Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute , Seoul 120-140, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Youngae
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.affiliation: Integrated Metabolomics Research Group, Western Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute , Seoul 120-140, Republic of Korea.|Nonghyup Food Safety Research Institute , Seoul 137-130, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Miyoung
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ha
authors.affiliation: Integrated Metabolomics Research Group, Western Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute , Seoul 120-140, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jueun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Integrated Metabolomics Research Group, Western Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute , Seoul 120-140, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Yun Gyong
authors.initials: YG
authors.lastname: Ahn
authors.forename: Jong Hwan
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kwak
authors.forename: Do Hyun
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Ryu
authors.affiliation: Integrated Metabolomics Research Group, Western Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute , Seoul 120-140, Republic of Korea.|Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University , Daejeon 305-764, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Geum-Sook
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Hwang
keywords: 1H NMR; burdock; copper stress; mass spectrometry; metabolite profiling