title: Identification and validation of long noncoding RNA biomarkers in human non-small-cell lung carcinomas.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Dysregulation of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) has been regarded as a primary feature of several human cancers. However, the genome-wide expression and functional significance of lncRNAs in non-small-cell lung carcinomas (NSCLC) remains unclear. The aim of this study was to identify novel lncRNAs that may play an important role in contributing to NSCLC pathogenesis.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed an integrative analysis of two NSCLC microarray datasets comprising 165 and 90 patients, respectively. The candidate lncRNAs were identified using the GSE19188 dataset, and then confirmed in the GSE18842 dataset. In addition, an independent cohort of 73 clinical samples was analyzed to validate the selected lncRNAs by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  With microarray gene expression analysis, we identified and validated a list of 64 lncRNAs significantly dysregulated in NSCLC tumors compared with normal lung tissues; and a panel of 181 lncRNAs that were specific to histological subtypes of NSCLC (adenocarcinoma, large-cell carcinoma, and squamous cell carcinoma). The quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis of six selected lncRNAs in clinical samples further confirmed the results of microarray analysis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We have identified and validated multiple novel lncRNAs associated with tumorigenesis and histological differentiation in human NSCLC. These lncRNAs could be further exploited for the development of useful biomarkers in diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of NSCLC.
authors.affiliation: *Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China; †Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China; ‡Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center - Institut Mérieux Laboratory, Shanghai, 200032, China; and §BioMérieux (Shanghai) Co. Ltd, Shanghai, 201315, China.
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Qinghua
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Fang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Xun
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.forename: Jialei
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Xia
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Meng
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D062085:RNA, Long Noncoding / Q000235:genetics*; D012334:RNA, Neoplasm / Q000235:genetics*; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D062085:RNA, Long Noncoding; D012334:RNA, Neoplasm