title: The protective effect of Moringa oleifera leaves against cyclophosphamide-induced urinary bladder toxicity in rats.
abstract: Cyclophosphamide (CP), an alkylating antineoplastic agent is widely used in the treatment of solid tumors and B-cell malignant disease. It is known to cause urinary bladder damage due to inducing oxidative stress. Moringa oleifera (Mof) is commonly known as drumstick tree. Moringa leaves have been reported to be a rich source of β-carotene, protein, vitamin C, calcium, and potassium. It acts as a good source of natural antioxidants; due to the presence of various types of antioxidant compounds such as ascorbic acid, flavonoids, phenolics and carotenoids. The aim of this work was to test the possible antioxidant protective effects of M. oleifera leaves against CP induced urinary bladder toxicity in rats. Female Wister albino rats were divided into 4 groups. Group I served as control, received orally normal saline, group II received a single dose CP 100mg/kg intraperitoneally, group III and VI both received orally hydroethanolic extract of Mof; 500 mg/kg and 1000 mg/kg respectively daily for a week, 1h before and 4h after CP administration. Rats were sacrificed 24h after CP injection. The bladder was removed, sectioned, and subjected to light, transition electron microscopic studies, and biochemical studies (measuring the parameter of lipid peroxidation; malondialdehyde along with the activities of the antioxidant enzyme reduced glutathione). The bladders of CP treated rats showed ulcered mucosa, edematous, hemorrhagic, and fibrotic submucosa by light microscopy. Ultrastructure observation showed; losing large areas of uroepithelium, extended intercellular gaps, junction complexes were affected as well as damage of mitochondria in the form of swelling and destruction of cristae. Biochemical analysis showed significant elevation of malondialdhyde, while reduced glutathione activity was significantly lowered. From the results obtained in this work, we can say that Moringa leaves play an important role in ameliorating and protecting the bladder from CP toxicity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia. Electronic address: drnevinerefaat@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Nevine R
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: Taha
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia; Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt. Electronic address: hananaliamin@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Hanan Ali
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Amin
authors.affiliation: Sanaa University, Yemen. Electronic address: nawaress3579@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Asrar A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Sultan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D003520:Cyclophosphamide / Q000633:toxicity; D004848:Epithelium / Q000187:drug effects / Q000648:ultrastructure; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D029588:Moringa oleifera / Q000737:chemistry; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry; D020011:Protective Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry; D051381:Rats; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000293:injuries / Q000473:pathology; D001745:Urinary Bladder Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D010936:Plant Extracts; D020011:Protective Agents; D003520:Cyclophosphamide
keywords: Cyclophosphamide; Moringa Oleifera; Reduced glutathione; Urinary bladder