title: An experimental investigation of the functional relationship between social phobia and cigarette smoking.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Individuals with social phobia (SP) represent a large group with elevated rates of cigarette smoking and cessation rates lower than that of individuals without psychopathology. For individuals with SP, cigarette smoking may be used to reduce social anxiety in anticipation of and during social situations. However, no study to date has experimentally examined this association. The aim of the current study was to experimentally examine the relationship between cigarette smoking and SP as a function of induced social stress.
  
  
  METHODS
  We recruited daily smokers ages 18-21 who scored in either a clinical or normative range on the Social Interaction Anxiety Scale (SIAS). Participants included 54 smokers (42.6% female, 77.8% White, age M(SD)=19.65(1.18), CPSD M(SD)=7.67(4.36), 46.30% high SP) who attended two sessions: one social stress session and one neutral session.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Results indicated that high SP smokers experienced significant decreases in negative affect (NA) following smoking a cigarette when experiencing social stress. This effect was specific to high SP smokers under social stress and was not observed among individuals' average in SP or when examining changes in positive affect.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  For individuals with SP, cigarette smoking may be maintained due to changes in NA associated with smoking specifically in the context of social stress. These results speak to the importance of targeted cessation interventions that address the nature of smoking for individuals with SP.
authors.affiliation: Center for Addictions, Personality and Emotion Research, University of Maryland, College Park, 2103 Cole Student Activities Building, College Park, MD 20742, United States. Electronic address: jdahne@umd.edu.
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dahne
authors.affiliation: Center for Addictions, Personality and Emotion Research, University of Maryland, College Park, 2103 Cole Student Activities Building, College Park, MD 20742, United States.
authors.forename: Leanne
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hise
authors.affiliation: Center for Addictions, Personality and Emotion Research, University of Maryland, College Park, 2103 Cole Student Activities Building, College Park, MD 20742, United States.
authors.forename: Misha
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Brenner
authors.affiliation: Center for Addictions, Personality and Emotion Research, University of Maryland, College Park, 2103 Cole Student Activities Building, College Park, MD 20742, United States.
authors.forename: C W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Lejuez
authors.affiliation: Center for Addictions, Personality and Emotion Research, University of Maryland, College Park, 2103 Cole Student Activities Building, College Park, MD 20742, United States. Electronic address: lmacpher@umd.edu.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: MacPherson
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000339:Affect / Q000502:physiology; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010698:Phobic Disorders / Q000150:complications*; D012907:Smoking / Q000523:psychology*; D000074606:Smoking Prevention; D014029:Tobacco Use Disorder / Q000523:psychology; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014741:Video Recording; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Social phobia; Tobacco