title: Physicians' preferences for bone metastases drug therapy in the United States.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Several characteristics of bone-targeted agents are considered when making treatment decisions. This study evaluated physicians' therapy preferences for preventing skeletal-related events (SREs) in patients with bone metastases secondary to solid tumors.
  
  
  METHODS
  A Web-enabled, discrete-choice experiment online survey was conducted among physicians who treated patients with bone metastases and solid tumors in the United States. Respondents chose between pairs of hypothetical medications defined by combinations of six attributes at varying levels for two hypothetical patients. Preference weights for attribute levels were estimated using a random-parameters logit model.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In total, 200 physicians completed the survey. Their mean age was 52 years, 57% were in practice for more than 15 years, 37% were oncologists, and 65% treated 10 or fewer patients with bone metastases weekly. Out-of-pocket cost to patients was the most important attribute overall. Among clinical outcomes, time to first SRE and risk of renal impairment were the most important attributes. Statistically significant preferences were observed for all attribute levels for time to first SRE, risk of renal impairment, and mode of administration. Predicted choice probability analysis showed that physicians preferred a hypothetical medication with attributes similar to those of denosumab over one with attributes similar to those of zoledronic acid.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Physicians indicated that clinical attributes are important when considering bone-targeting therapy for bone metastases, but consistent with the current health care landscape, patient out-of-pocket cost was the most important. With health care costs being increasingly shifted to patients, physicians require accurate information about co-pays and assistance programs to avoid patients receiving less costly, yet potentially inferior, treatment.
authors.affiliation: Amgen, Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Jorge
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Arellano
authors.affiliation: RTI Health Solutions, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
authors.forename: A Brett
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Hauber
authors.affiliation: RTI Health Solutions, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
authors.forename: Ateesha F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Mohamed
authors.affiliation: RTI Health Solutions, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
authors.forename: Juan Marcos
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Gonzalez
authors.affiliation: Amgen, Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Helen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Collins
authors.affiliation: Amgen (Europe) GmbH, Zug, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Guy
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hechmati
authors.affiliation: Amgen (Europe) GmbH, Zug, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gatta
authors.affiliation: Amgen, Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA, USA. Electronic address: yiq@amgen.com.
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Qian
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents / Q000009:adverse effects; D001847:Bone Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000517:prevention & control; D001859:Bone Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000556:secondary*; D003625:Data Collection / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010819:Physician's Role; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents
keywords: bone metastases; conjoint analysis; discrete-choice experiment; drug therapy attributes; preferences; skeletal-related events; treatment