title: Improved approach for chondrogenic differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells.
abstract: Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) have demonstrated great potential for hyaline cartilage regeneration. However, current approaches for chondrogenic differentiation of hiPSCs are complicated and inefficient primarily due to intermediate embryoid body formation, which is required to generate endodermal, ectodermal, and mesodermal cell lineages. We report a new, straightforward and highly efficient approach for chondrogenic differentiation of hiPSCs, which avoids embryoid body formation. We differentiated hiPSCs directly into mesenchymal stem /stromal cells (MSC) and chondrocytes. hiPSC-MSC-derived chondrocytes showed significantly increased Col2A1, GAG, and SOX9 gene expression compared to hiPSC-MSCs. Following transplantation of hiPSC-MSC and hiPSC-MSC-derived chondrocytes into osteochondral defects of arthritic joints of athymic rats, magnetic resonance imaging studies showed gradual engraftment, and histological correlations demonstrated hyaline cartilage matrix production. Results present an efficient and clinically translatable approach for cartilage tissue regeneration via patient-derived hiPSCs, which could improve cartilage regeneration outcomes in arthritic joints.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, and Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94304, USA.
authors.forename: Hossein
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nejadnik
authors.forename: Sebastian
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Diecke
authors.forename: Olga D
authors.initials: OD
authors.lastname: Lenkov
authors.forename: Fanny
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Chapelin
authors.forename: Jessica
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Donig
authors.forename: Xinming
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Tong
authors.forename: Nikita
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Derugin
authors.forename: Ray C F
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: Amitabh
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gaur
authors.forename: Fan
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Joseph C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Heike E
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Daldrup-Link
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000235:genetics*; D019070:Cell Lineage / Q000235:genetics; D019902:Chondrocytes / Q000378:metabolism / Q000637:transplantation*; D020219:Chondrogenesis / Q000235:genetics; D024043:Collagen Type II / Q000096:biosynthesis; D058732:Embryoid Bodies / Q000166:cytology / Q000637:transplantation*; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D006801:Humans; D057026:Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells / Q000378:metabolism / Q000637:transplantation*; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D012038:Regeneration / Q000235:genetics; D055758:SOX9 Transcription Factor / Q000096:biosynthesis
chemical_list: C499177:COL2A1 protein, human; D024043:Collagen Type II; D055758:SOX9 Transcription Factor; C527932:SOX9 protein, human