title: A simple infrared-augmented digital photography technique for detection of pupillary abnormalities.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The purpose of the study was to describe a simple infrared photography technique to aid in the diagnosis and documentation of pupillary abnormalities.
  
  
  METHODS
  An unmodified 12-megapixel "point and shoot" digital camera was used to obtain binocular still photos and videos under different light conditions with near-infrared illuminating frames. The near-infrared light of 850 nm allows the capture of clear pupil images in both dim and bright light conditions. It also allows easy visualization of the pupil despite pigmented irides by augmenting the contrast between the iris and the pupil.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The photos and videos obtained illustrated a variety of pupillary abnormalities using the aforementioned technique.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This infrared-augmented photography technique supplements medical education, and aids in the more rapid detection, diagnosis, and documentation of a wide spectrum of pupillary abnormalities. Its portability and ease of use with minimal training complements the education of trainees and facilitates the establishment of difficult diagnoses.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, 203 Lothrop St, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA, shazlyt@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Tarek A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Shazly
authors.forename: G R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Bonhomme
mesh_terms: D015875:Anisocoria / Q000175:diagnosis*; D003941:Diagnostic Techniques, Ophthalmological; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007259:Infrared Rays; D008875:Middle Aged; D010781:Photography / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D011681:Pupil Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis; D015845:Tonic Pupil / Q000175:diagnosis*; D055815:Young Adult