title: Influence of the preparation method on the physicochemical properties of indomethacin and methyl-β-cyclodextrin complexes.
abstract: The main objective of this study was to investigate different manufacturing processes claimed to promote inclusion complexation between indomethacin and cyclodextrins in order to enhance the apparent solubility and dissolution properties of indomethacin. Especially, the effectiveness of supercritical carbon dioxide processing for preparing solid drug-cyclodextrin inclusion complexes was investigated and compared to other preparation methods. The complexes were prepared by physical mixing, co-evaporation, freeze drying from aqueous solution, spray drying and supercritical carbon dioxide processing methods. The prepared complexes were then evaluated by scanning electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray powder diffraction, solubility and dissolution studies. The method of preparation of the inclusion complexes was shown to influence the physicochemical properties of the formed complexes. Indomethacin exists in a highly crystalline solid form. Physical mixing of indomethacin and methyl-β-cyclodextrin appeared not to reduce the degree of crystallinity of the drug. The co-evaporated and freeze dried complexes had a lower degree of crystallinity than the physical mix; however the lowest degree of crystallinity was achieved in complexes prepared by spray drying and supercritical carbon dioxide processing methods. All systems based on methyl-β-cyclodextrin exhibited better dissolution properties than the drug alone. The greatest improvement in drug dissolution properties was obtained from complexes prepared using supercritical carbon dioxide processing, thereafter by spray drying, freeze drying, co-evaporation and finally by physical mixing. Supercritical carbon dioxide processing is well known as an energy efficient alternative to other pharmaceutical processes and may have application for the preparation of solid-state drug-cyclodextrin inclusion complexes. It is an effective and economic method that allows the formation of solid complexes with a high yield, without the use of organic solvents and problems associated with their residues.
authors.affiliation: Medway Centre for Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Greenwich, Central Avenue, Chatham Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, United Kingdom. Electronic address: S.R.Rudrangi@greenwich.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Shashi Ravi Suman
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Rudrangi
authors.affiliation: Medway Centre for Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Greenwich, Central Avenue, Chatham Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Ruchir
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bhomia
authors.affiliation: Medway Centre for Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Greenwich, Central Avenue, Chatham Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Vivek
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Trivedi
authors.affiliation: Medway Centre for Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Greenwich, Central Avenue, Chatham Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: George J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Vine
authors.affiliation: Medway Centre for Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Greenwich, Central Avenue, Chatham Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: John C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Mitchell
authors.affiliation: Medway Centre for Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Greenwich, Central Avenue, Chatham Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, United Kingdom. Electronic address: B.Alexander@greenwich.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Bruce David
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Alexander
authors.affiliation: Medway Centre for Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Greenwich, Central Avenue, Chatham Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Stephen Richard
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Wicks
mesh_terms: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000737:chemistry*; D002152:Calorimetry, Differential Scanning; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000737:chemistry; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical / Q000379:methods; D003460:Crystallization; D005079:Excipients / Q000737:chemistry*; D005612:Freeze Drying; D007213:Indomethacin / Q000737:chemistry*; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D012995:Solubility; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction; D047392:beta-Cyclodextrins / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D005079:Excipients; D012997:Solvents; D047392:beta-Cyclodextrins; C108732:methyl-beta-cyclodextrin; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D007213:Indomethacin
keywords: Inclusion complexes; Indomethacin; Methyl-β-cyclodextrin; Spray drying; Supercritical carbon dioxide