title: Molecular characterization of the cytochrome b gene and in vitro atovaquone susceptibility of Plasmodium falciparum isolates from Kenya.
abstract: The prevalence of a genetic polymorphism(s) at codon 268 in the cytochrome b gene, which is associated with failure of atovaquone-proguanil treatment, was analyzed in 227 Plasmodium falciparum parasites from western Kenya. The prevalence of the wild-type allele was 63%, and that of the Y268S (denoting a Y-to-S change at position 268) mutant allele was 2%. There were no pure Y268C or Y268N mutant alleles, only mixtures of a mutant allele(s) with the wild type. There was a correlation between parasite 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) and parasite genetic polymorphism; mutant alleles had higher IC50s than the wild type.
authors.affiliation: Department of Emerging Infectious Diseases-Global Emerging Infections Surveillance and Response System (DEID-GEIS) Program, U.S. Army Medical Research Unit-Kenya (USAMRU-K), Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI)-Walter Reed Project, Kisumu, Kenya.
authors.forename: Luicer A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Ingasia
authors.affiliation: Department of Emerging Infectious Diseases-Global Emerging Infections Surveillance and Response System (DEID-GEIS) Program, U.S. Army Medical Research Unit-Kenya (USAMRU-K), Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI)-Walter Reed Project, Kisumu, Kenya.
authors.forename: Hoseah M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Akala
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, College of Health Sciences, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi, Kenya.
authors.forename: Mabel O
authors.initials: MO
authors.lastname: Imbuga
authors.affiliation: Department of Emerging Infectious Diseases-Global Emerging Infections Surveillance and Response System (DEID-GEIS) Program, U.S. Army Medical Research Unit-Kenya (USAMRU-K), Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI)-Walter Reed Project, Kisumu, Kenya.
authors.forename: Benjamin H
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Opot
authors.affiliation: Department of Emerging Infectious Diseases-Global Emerging Infections Surveillance and Response System (DEID-GEIS) Program, U.S. Army Medical Research Unit-Kenya (USAMRU-K), Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI)-Walter Reed Project, Kisumu, Kenya.
authors.forename: Fredrick L
authors.initials: FL
authors.lastname: Eyase
authors.affiliation: Department of Emerging Infectious Diseases-Global Emerging Infections Surveillance and Response System (DEID-GEIS) Program, U.S. Army Medical Research Unit-Kenya (USAMRU-K), Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI)-Walter Reed Project, Kisumu, Kenya.
authors.forename: Jacob D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.affiliation: Department of Emerging Infectious Diseases-Global Emerging Infections Surveillance and Response System (DEID-GEIS) Program, U.S. Army Medical Research Unit-Kenya (USAMRU-K), Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI)-Walter Reed Project, Kisumu, Kenya.
authors.forename: Wallace D
authors.initials: WD
authors.lastname: Bulimo
authors.affiliation: Department of Emerging Infectious Diseases-Global Emerging Infections Surveillance and Response System (DEID-GEIS) Program, U.S. Army Medical Research Unit-Kenya (USAMRU-K), Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI)-Walter Reed Project, Kisumu, Kenya edwin.kamau.mil@mail.mil.
authors.forename: Edwin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kamau
mesh_terms: D000483:Alleles; D000962:Antimalarials / Q000494:pharmacology*; D053626:Atovaquone / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003062:Codon / Q000235:genetics; D045303:Cytochromes b / Q000235:genetics*; D016054:DNA, Protozoan / Q000235:genetics; D004338:Drug Combinations; D007630:Kenya; D016778:Malaria, Falciparum / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000469:parasitology; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests / Q000379:methods; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics; D010963:Plasmodium falciparum / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics*; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D002727:Proguanil / Q000494:pharmacology; D015800:Protozoan Proteins / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D000962:Antimalarials; D003062:Codon; D016054:DNA, Protozoan; D004338:Drug Combinations; D015800:Protozoan Proteins; C109496:atovaquone, proguanil drug combination; D045303:Cytochromes b; D002727:Proguanil; D053626:Atovaquone