title: Dietary patterns and maternal anthropometry in HIV-infected, pregnant Malawian women.
abstract: Diet is a modifiable factor that can contribute to the health of pregnant women. In a sample of 577 HIV-positive pregnant women who completed baseline interviews for the Breastfeeding, Antiretrovirals, and Nutrition Study in Lilongwe, Malawi, cluster analysis was used to derive dietary patterns. Multiple regression analysis was used to identify associations between the dietary patterns and mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC), arm muscle area (AMA), arm fat area (AFA), and hemoglobin at baseline. Three key dietary patterns were identified: animal-based, plant-based, and grain-based. Women with relatively greater wealth were more likely to consume the animal-based diet, which had the highest intake of energy, protein, and fat and was associated with higher hemoglobin levels compared to the other diets. Women with the lowest wealth were more likely to consume the grain-based diet with the lowest intake of energy, protein, fat, and iron and were more likely to have lower AFA than women on the animal-based and plant-based diets, but higher AMA compared to women on the animal-based diet. Pregnant, HIV-infected women in Malawi could benefit from nutritional support to ensure greater nutrient diversity during pregnancy, when women face increased nutrient demands to support fetal growth and development.
authors.affiliation: University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA. roshan.m.thomas@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Roshan T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Ramlal
authors.affiliation: UNC Project Malawi, Tidziwe Center, Mzimba Road, Lilongwe, Malawi. martintembo@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tembo
authors.affiliation: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA. ccking@cdc.gov.
authors.forename: Caroline C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: King
authors.affiliation: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA. sellington@cdc.gov.
authors.forename: Sascha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ellington
authors.affiliation: UNC Project Malawi, Tidziwe Center, Mzimba Road, Lilongwe, Malawi. asoko@unclilongwe.org.
authors.forename: Alice
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Soko
authors.affiliation: UNC Project Malawi, Tidziwe Center, Mzimba Road, Lilongwe, Malawi. mchigwenembe@unclilongwe.org.
authors.forename: Maggie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chigwenembe
authors.affiliation: UNC Project Malawi, Tidziwe Center, Mzimba Road, Lilongwe, Malawi. Charles.Chasela@wits.ac.za.
authors.forename: Charles
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chasela
authors.affiliation: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA. djamieson@cdc.gov.
authors.forename: Denise J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Jamieson
authors.affiliation: University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA. charles_vanderhorst@med.unc.edu.
authors.forename: Charles
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: van der Horst
authors.affiliation: University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA. pbentley@unc.edu.
authors.forename: Margaret
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bentley
authors.affiliation: University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA. linda_adair@unc.edu.
authors.forename: Linda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Adair
authors.affiliation: University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
authors.lastname: Ban Study Team
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000886:Anthropometry; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D004032:Diet; D002149:Energy Intake; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000178:diet therapy*; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008295:Malawi; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011247:Pregnancy; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D055815:Young Adult