title: Brain surface reformatted imaging (BSRI) for intraoperative neuronavigation in brain tumor surgery.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  For safe resection of lesions situated in or near eloquent brain regions, determination of their spatial and functional relationship is crucial. Since functional magnetic resonance imaging and intraoperative neurophysiological mapping are not available in all neurosurgical departments, we aimed to evaluate brain surface reformatted imaging (BSRI) as an additional display mode for neuronavigation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eight patients suffering from perirolandic tumors were preoperatively studied with MRI and navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation (nTMS). Afterwards, the MRI was automatically transformed into BSR images in neuronavigation software (Brainlab, Brainlab AG, Feldkirchen, Germany). One experienced neuroradiologist, one experienced neurosurgeon, and two residents determined hand representation areas ipsilateral to each tumor on two-dimensional (2D) MR images and on BSR images. All results were compared to results from intraoperative direct cortical mapping of the hand motor cortex and to preoperative nTMS results.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Findings from nTMS and intraoperative direct cortical mapping of the hand motor cortex were congruent in all cases. Hand representation areas were correctly determined on BSR images in 81.3 % and on 2D-MR images in 93.75 % (p = 0.26). In a subgroup analysis, experienced observers showed more familiarity with BSRI than residents (96.9 vs. 84.4 % correct results, p = 0.19), with an equal error rate for 2D-MRI. The time required to define hand representation areas was significantly shorter using BSRI than using standard MRI (mean 27.4 vs. 40.4 s, p = 0.04).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  With BSRI, a new method for neuronavigation is now available, allowing fast and easy intraoperative localization of distinct brain regions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Goethe University Hospital, Schleusenweg 2-16, 60528, Frankfurt am Main, Germany, marie-therese.forster@med.uni-frankfurt.de.
authors.forename: Marie-Therese
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Forster
authors.forename: Nadja
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Heindl
authors.forename: Elke
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hattingen
authors.forename: Florian
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gessler
authors.forename: Johanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Quick
authors.forename: Volker
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Seifert
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Senft
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001931:Brain Mapping; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009044:Motor Cortex / Q000502:physiology*; D038361:Neuronavigation / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D050781:Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation / Q000379:methods