title: Myocardial Dysfunction in Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock: No Correlation With Inflammatory Cytokines in Real-life Clinical Setting.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In vitro studies suggested that circulating inflammatory cytokines cause septic myocardial dysfunction. However, no in vivo clinical study has investigated whether serum inflammatory cytokine concentrations correlate with septic myocardial dysfunction.
  
  
  METHODS
  Repeated echocardiograms and concurrent serum inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-18, tumor necrosis factor-α, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1) and cardiac biomarkers (high-sensitivity [hs] troponin-T and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide [NT-proBNP]) were examined in 105 patients with severe sepsis and septic shock. Cytokines and biomarkers were tested for correlations with systolic and diastolic dysfunction, sepsis severity, and mortality.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Systolic dysfunction defined as reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) < 50% or < 55% and diastolic dysfunction defined as e'-wave < 8 cm/s on tissue-Doppler imaging (TDI) or E/e'-ratio were found in 13 (12%), 24 (23%), 53 (50%), and 26 (25%) patients, respectively. Forty-four patients (42%) died in-hospital. All cytokines, except IL-1, correlated with Sequential Organ Failure Assessment and APACHE (Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation) II scores, and all cytokines predicted mortality. IL-10 and IL-18 independently predicted mortality among cytokines (OR = 3.1 and 28.3, P = .006 and < 0.0001). However, none of the cytokines correlated with LVEF, end-diastolic volume index (EDVI), stroke-volume index (SVI), or s'-wave and e'-wave velocities on TDI (Pearson linear and Spearman rank [ρ] nonlinear correlations). Similarly, no differences were found in cytokine concentrations between patients dichotomized to high vs low LVEF, EDVI, SVI, s'-wave, or e'-wave (Mann-Whitney U tests). In contrast, NT-proBNP strongly correlated with both reduced LVEF and reduced e'-wave velocity, and hs-troponin-T correlated mainly with reduced e'-wave.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Unlike cardiac biomarkers, none of the measured inflammatory cytokines correlates with systolic or diastolic myocardial dysfunction in severe sepsis or septic shock.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Hadassah - Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel. Electronic address: giora.lan@mail.huji.ac.il.
authors.forename: Giora
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Landesberg
authors.affiliation: Departments of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Hadassah - Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.
authors.forename: Phillip D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Levin
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Hadassah - Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gilon
authors.affiliation: Departments of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Hadassah - Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.
authors.forename: Sergey
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Goodman
authors.affiliation: Departments of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Hadassah - Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.
authors.forename: Milena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Georgieva
authors.affiliation: Departments of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Hadassah - Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.
authors.forename: Charles
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Weissman
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.
authors.forename: Allan S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Jaffe
authors.affiliation: Departments of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Hadassah - Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.
authors.forename: Charles L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Sprung
authors.affiliation: Immunology Laboratory, Hadassah - Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.
authors.forename: Vivian
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Barak
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D018932:Chemokine CCL2 / Q000097:blood*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007378:Interleukins / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020097:Natriuretic Peptide, Brain / Q000097:blood; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000097:blood; D012772:Shock, Septic / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications* / Q000401:mortality; D013318:Stroke Volume / Q000502:physiology; D020107:Troponin T / Q000097:blood; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood*; D014463:Ultrasonography; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D018932:Chemokine CCL2; D007378:Interleukins; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D020107:Troponin T; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C109794:pro-brain natriuretic peptide (1-76); D020097:Natriuretic Peptide, Brain