title: Surgical resection of upper-middle clivus chordomas via a modified anterior transpetrous approach.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Skull base chordomas are challenging and have a high rate of recurrence.
  
  
  METHODS
  A modified anterior transpetrous approach (ATPA) was performed in 17 upper clivus chordomas, and clinical data were retrospectively studied.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All 17 cases were radically treated via the modified ATPA, and the total removal and subtotal removal rates were 23.5% and 76.5%, respectively. The primary complaints were headaches and visual disturbances. The short-term postoperative complications were diplopia (12 cases, 70.6%) and facial numbness (7 cases, 41.2%). With a mean follow up of 44.5 months, 5 cases (29.4%) presented with tumor recurrence, and most cases had relatively good outcomes except for 2 patients who died because of rapid recurrence. The long-term complications were facial numbness (35.3%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The upper skull base chordomas could be radically removed via the modified ATPA under selected conditions, with limited complications and improved outcomes. The radical surgery treatment strategy was recommended for skull base chordomas. However, the present series included limited cases; therefore, post-operative follow-up, long-term outcomes and a larger number of cases of clivus chordomas should be observed to evaluate the effectiveness of the modified ATPA approach.
authors.affiliation: Skull Base and Brainstem Tumor Division, Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Tiantan Xili 6, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100050, China; China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, NCRC-ND, Tiantan Xili 6, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100050, China. Electronic address: wangke15903@163.com.
authors.forename: Ke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Skull Base and Brainstem Tumor Division, Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Tiantan Xili 6, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100050, China; China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, NCRC-ND, Tiantan Xili 6, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100050, China. Electronic address: saintage7@126.com.
authors.forename: Liang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Skull Base and Brainstem Tumor Division, Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Tiantan Xili 6, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100050, China; China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, NCRC-ND, Tiantan Xili 6, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100050, China. Electronic address: tiankaibing@126.com.
authors.forename: Kaibing
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.affiliation: Skull Base and Brainstem Tumor Division, Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Tiantan Xili 6, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100050, China; China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, NCRC-ND, Tiantan Xili 6, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100050, China. Electronic address: xrttyy2013@163.com.
authors.forename: Xinru
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.affiliation: Skull Base and Brainstem Tumor Division, Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Tiantan Xili 6, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100050, China; China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, NCRC-ND, Tiantan Xili 6, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100050, China. Electronic address: wuzhen1966@aliyun.com.
authors.forename: Zhen
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Skull Base and Brainstem Tumor Division, Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Tiantan Xili 6, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100050, China; China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, NCRC-ND, Tiantan Xili 6, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100050, China. Electronic address: jgjttyy@aliyun.com.
authors.forename: Guijun
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Jia
authors.affiliation: Skull Base and Brainstem Tumor Division, Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Tiantan Xili 6, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100050, China; China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, NCRC-ND, Tiantan Xili 6, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100050, China. Electronic address: zlwtt@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Liwei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Skull Base and Brainstem Tumor Division, Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Tiantan Xili 6, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100050, China; China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, NCRC-ND, Tiantan Xili 6, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100050, China. Electronic address: zhangjunting2003@aliyun.com.
authors.forename: Junting
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002817:Chordoma / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy / Q000379:methods; D003388:Cranial Fossa, Posterior / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000473:pathology; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000473:pathology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D019292:Skull Base Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: Clivus chordomas; Complication; Modified ATPA approach; Survival