title: Cardiovascular risk factor associations in adults with psychosis and adults in a national comparator sample.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Antipsychotic drug treatment alters status on key risk factors for cardiovascular disease. The aim of this study was to test whether cardiovascular risk factor associations differ in adults with psychosis and adults from the general community.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were analysed for those aged 25-64 years from a nationally representative psychosis sample (n = 1,457) and a national comparator sample (n = 8,866). The Pearson correlation coefficient was used to estimate the association among tobacco use, body mass index, waist circumference, diastolic and systolic blood pressure and fasting total-, LDL- and HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides and plasma glucose. The robust Levene test was used to test for sample differences in variance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Correlations among cardiovascular risk indicators and between cardiovascular risk indicators and age were often significantly weaker in those with psychosis than in those from the national comparator sample. This was not due to a reduction in variance within the psychosis sample.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Risk prediction that synthesizes multivariate risk indicator data needs to be connected to verified cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in those with psychosis to determine if standard risk calculators adequately discriminate those at high, medium and low future risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Until then the clinical implications of low or absent correlations among cardiovascular risk indicators and their low or absent association with increasing age is unclear but may indicate that risk equations commonly used in the general population may not be applicable for those with treated psychosis.
authors.affiliation: Orygen, The National Centre for Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Australia dfoley@unimelb.edu.au.
authors.forename: Debra L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Foley
authors.affiliation: Orygen, The National Centre for Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Australia.
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mackinnon
authors.affiliation: Neuropsychiatric Epidemiology Research Unit, School of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.
authors.forename: Vera A
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: Morgan
authors.affiliation: Lipid Disorders Clinic, Metabolic Research Centre and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Royal Perth Hospital & School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.
authors.forename: Gerald F
authors.initials: GF
authors.lastname: Watts
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Diabetes and Epidemiology, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia.
authors.forename: Jonathan E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Shaw
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Diabetes and Epidemiology, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia.
authors.forename: Dianna J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Magliano
authors.affiliation: St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne & Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Australia.
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Castle
authors.affiliation: Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, St. Lucia & Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, The Park Centre for Mental Health, Wacol, Australia.
authors.forename: John J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: McGrath
authors.affiliation: Neuropsychiatric Epidemiology Research Unit, School of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Waterreus
authors.affiliation: Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Adelaide & Ramsay Health Care SA, Mental Health Services & Northern Adelaide Local Health Network, Australia.
authors.forename: Cherrie A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Galletly
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001315:Australia / Q000453:epidemiology; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015897:Comorbidity; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012307:Risk Factors
keywords: association; cardiovascular diseases; psychotic disorders; risk factors; schizophrenia