title: Superior pedicle technique of reduction mammaplasty: a stepwise approach.
abstract: Numerous surgical options for breast reduction have been described, but in the current healthcare environment, efficiency is of the utmost importance. In this Featured Operative Technique, the authors describe an efficient, reproducible, and simple method for minimal to moderate reduction mammaplasty that utilizes a superior pedicle. The surgical maneuvers were developed and conveyed to the senior author (W.G.S.) by Dr John Bostwick. This approach preserves superior and medial breast fullness while providing appropriate resection of the breast parenchyma to ameliorate symptoms and produce a smaller, lifted breast with a more youthful appearance. The surgical technique maintains a reliable blood supply to the nipple-areola complex (NAC) from the internal mammary artery and its perforators, and involves minimal transposition of the NAC. The authors reviewed the charts of 62 consecutive patients who underwent this procedure and found the complication rate to be 11.3%. Complications included 1 hematoma, 1 standing cone deformity, 3 soft-tissue infections, 8 incisional breakdowns, and 1 unilateral necrosis of the NAC.
authors.affiliation: Dr Nadeau is a fellow in the University of Southern California-Marina del Rey Aesthetic Surgery Fellowship Program in Los Angeles. Dr Gould is a resident and Drs Macias and Spring are Clinical Assistant Professors of Surgery in the Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery at the University of Southern California in Los Angeles. Dr Stevens is Clinical Professor of Surgery and Director of the Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery at the University of Southern California and is Director of the University of Southern California-Marina del Rey Aesthetic Surgery Fellowship Program in Los Angeles.
authors.forename: Meghan H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Nadeau
authors.affiliation: Dr Nadeau is a fellow in the University of Southern California-Marina del Rey Aesthetic Surgery Fellowship Program in Los Angeles. Dr Gould is a resident and Drs Macias and Spring are Clinical Assistant Professors of Surgery in the Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery at the University of Southern California in Los Angeles. Dr Stevens is Clinical Professor of Surgery and Director of the Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery at the University of Southern California and is Director of the University of Southern California-Marina del Rey Aesthetic Surgery Fellowship Program in Los Angeles.
authors.forename: Daniel J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Gould
authors.affiliation: Dr Nadeau is a fellow in the University of Southern California-Marina del Rey Aesthetic Surgery Fellowship Program in Los Angeles. Dr Gould is a resident and Drs Macias and Spring are Clinical Assistant Professors of Surgery in the Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery at the University of Southern California in Los Angeles. Dr Stevens is Clinical Professor of Surgery and Director of the Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery at the University of Southern California and is Director of the University of Southern California-Marina del Rey Aesthetic Surgery Fellowship Program in Los Angeles.
authors.forename: Luis H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Macias
authors.affiliation: Dr Nadeau is a fellow in the University of Southern California-Marina del Rey Aesthetic Surgery Fellowship Program in Los Angeles. Dr Gould is a resident and Drs Macias and Spring are Clinical Assistant Professors of Surgery in the Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery at the University of Southern California in Los Angeles. Dr Stevens is Clinical Professor of Surgery and Director of the Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery at the University of Southern California and is Director of the University of Southern California-Marina del Rey Aesthetic Surgery Fellowship Program in Los Angeles.
authors.forename: Michelle A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Spring
authors.affiliation: Dr Nadeau is a fellow in the University of Southern California-Marina del Rey Aesthetic Surgery Fellowship Program in Los Angeles. Dr Gould is a resident and Drs Macias and Spring are Clinical Assistant Professors of Surgery in the Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery at the University of Southern California in Los Angeles. Dr Stevens is Clinical Professor of Surgery and Director of the Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery at the University of Southern California and is Director of the University of Southern California-Marina del Rey Aesthetic Surgery Fellowship Program in Los Angeles.
authors.forename: W Grant
authors.initials: WG
authors.lastname: Stevens
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001940:Breast / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016462:Mammaplasty / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000209:etiology; D016896:Treatment Outcome