title: Regulation of vascular tone and arterial blood pressure: role of chloride transport in vascular smooth muscle.
abstract: Recent studies suggest that primary changes in vascular resistance can cause sustained changes in arterial blood pressure. In this review, we summarize current knowledge about Cl(-) homeostasis in vascular smooth muscle cells. Within vascular smooth muscle cells, Cl(-) is accumulated above the electrochemical equilibrium, causing Cl(-) efflux, membrane depolarization, and increased contractile force when Cl(-) channels are opened. At least two different transport mechanisms contribute to raise [Cl(-)] i in vascular smooth muscle cells, anion exchange, and cation-chloride cotransport. Recent work suggests that TMEM16A-associated Ca(2+)-activated Cl(-) currents mediate Cl(-) efflux in vascular smooth muscle cells leading to vasoconstriction. Additional proteins associated with Cl(-) flux in vascular smooth muscle are bestrophins, which modulate vasomotion, the volume-activated LRRC8, and the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR). Cl(-) transporters and Cl(-) channels in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) significantly contribute to the physiological regulation of vascular tone and arterial blood pressure.
authors.affiliation: Institut für Humangenetik, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Friedrich-Schiller Universität Jena, Kollegiengasse 10, 07743, Jena, Germany, christian.huebner@med.uni-jena.de.
authors.forename: Christian A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Hübner
authors.forename: Björn C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Schroeder
authors.forename: Heimo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ehmke
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001794:Blood Pressure; D018118:Chloride Channels / Q000378:metabolism*; D002712:Chlorides / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D017136:Ion Transport; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D014661:Vasoconstriction
chemical_list: D018118:Chloride Channels; D002712:Chlorides