title: Effectiveness of a fotonovela for reducing depression and stress in Latino dementia family caregivers.
abstract: The clinical need to address stress and depression in Latino dementia caregivers (CGs) combined with low health literacy and less accurate knowledge of dementia motivated the development of a pictorial tool [called a fotonovela (FN)] to teach (a) coping skills for caregiver (CG) stress; (b) self-assessment of depression; and (c) encourage improved utilization of available resources. To test the effectiveness of the FN, 110 of 147 Latino CGs, who were randomly assigned to the Fotonovela Condition (FNC) or the Usual Information Condition (UIC), were included in the final analyses. Self-report measures were given at baseline and post intervention. Results showed that FNC CGs demonstrated significantly greater reductions in level of depressive symptoms than UIC CGs. A significant decrease in level of stress due to memory and behavioral problems exhibited by their loved ones was similar in both groups. The FNC CGs reported that the FN was more helpful and that they referred to it more often than the UIC CGs did with regard to the informational materials they were provided about dementia. In conclusion, a culturally tailored FN can be an effective tool for Latino CGs given their high unmet needs for assistance and various barriers in accessing resources.
authors.affiliation: *Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences †Stanford Geriatric Education Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford ‡Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis §Pacific Graduate School of Psychology, Palo Alto University, Palo Alto, CA.
authors.forename: Dolores
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gallagher-Thompson
authors.forename: Marian
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tzuang
authors.forename: Ladson
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hinton
authors.forename: Paula
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Alvarez
authors.forename: Johanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rengifo
authors.forename: Irene
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Valverde
authors.forename: Nancy
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Tara
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Emrani
authors.forename: Larry W
authors.initials: LW
authors.lastname: Thompson
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001296:Audiovisual Aids; D017028:Caregivers / Q000523:psychology*; D003704:Dementia / Q000451:nursing*; D003863:Depression / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D006630:Hispanic or Latino / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010174:Pamphlets; D010353:Patient Education as Topic / Q000379:methods; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D016896:Treatment Outcome