title: Therapeutic effects of systemic vitamin k2 and vitamin d3 on gingival inflammation and alveolar bone in rats with experimentally induced periodontitis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The synergistic effects of vitamin D3 and vitamin K2 on bone loss prevention have been reported. This study evaluates the effects of vitamin D3 and vitamin K2 supplementation in conjunction with conventional periodontal therapy (scaling and root planing [SRP]) on gingival interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-10, serum bone alkaline phosphatase (B-ALP) and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b (TRAP-5b), and calcium and alveolar bone levels in rats with experimentally induced periodontitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy-two rats were divided into the following groups: 1) healthy; 2) periodontitis; 3) SRP; 4) SRP + vitamin D3; 5) SRP + vitamin K2; and 6) SRP + vitamins K2 and D3. Periodontitis was induced by ligature placement for 7 days, and vitamin K2 (30 mg/kg) and/or vitamin D3 (2 μg/kg) were administered for 10 days in the SRP + vitamin D3, SRP + vitamin K2, and SRP + vitamins K2 and D3 groups by oral gavage. On day 18, the animals were sacrificed, serum B-ALP, TRAP-5b, and calcium levels were measured, gingiva specimens were extracted for IL-1β and IL-10 analysis, and distances between the cemento-enamel junction and alveolar bone crest were evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Alveolar bone levels in the periodontitis group were significantly greater than those in the other five groups. No significant differences were found in gingival IL-1β and IL-10, serum B-ALP and TRAP-5b, and calcium and alveolar bone levels between the groups receiving SRP and vitamins and the group receiving SRP alone.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Within the limitations of this study, vitamin D3 and K2 alone or in combination did not affect gingival IL-1β and IL-10, serum B-ALP and TRAP-5b levels, or alveolar bone compared with conventional periodontal therapy alone.
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Sifa University, İzmir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Kübra
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Aral
authors.forename: Banu Arzu
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Alkan
authors.forename: Recep
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Saraymen
authors.forename: Arzu
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yay
authors.forename: Ahmet
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Şen
authors.forename: Gözde Özge
authors.initials: GÖ
authors.lastname: Önder
mesh_terms: D000135:Acid Phosphatase / Q000097:blood; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000097:blood; D000539:Alveolar Process / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D000818:Animals; D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002118:Calcium / Q000097:blood; D002762:Cholecalciferol / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D012534:Dental Scaling / Q000379:methods; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005881:Gingiva / Q000276:immunology; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000032:analysis; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000032:analysis; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D010518:Periodontitis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000628:therapy; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D016745:Root Planing / Q000379:methods; D000071681:Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase; D019237:Tooth Cervix / Q000473:pathology; D024482:Vitamin K 2 / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014815:Vitamins / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents; C508609:IL10 protein, human; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D007527:Isoenzymes; D014815:Vitamins; D024482:Vitamin K 2; D016753:Interleukin-10; D002762:Cholecalciferol; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase; D000135:Acid Phosphatase; D000071681:Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase; D002118:Calcium
keywords: Biological markers; cholecalciferol; cytokines; periodontitis; vitamin K 2.