title: Macular pigment optical density in a healthy Chinese population.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To measure the macular pigment optical density (MPOD) values in a healthy Chinese population using the one-wavelength reflectometry method and to investigate the relationships of MPOD with age, sex, body mass index (BMI), smoking and lens opacities.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 441 healthy participants, aged 3-81 years old (242 male and 199 female subjects), were enrolled in this study. Demographic and lifestyle data were recorded based on physical examinations and questionnaires. Lens opacities were measured according to the Lens Opacities Classification System III (LOCS III). MPOD values were measured at 7° of eccentricity, using the one-wavelength reflectometry method (Visucam 200; Carl Zeiss Meditec). MPOD values were reported in parameters including 'max' and 'mean' optical density (OD). The original MPOD values without automated correction were used for analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The average values were 0.303 ± 0.097 d.u. (initials of density units) for the max OD and 0.109 ± 0.031 d.u. for the mean OD. A significant inverse relationship was found between age and MPOD (for max OD, β = -0.716, p < 0.001; for mean OD, β = -0.669, p < 0.001). Participants with no lens opacities had higher MPOD values than those with moderate lens opacities (p < 0.001). The MPOD values were not associated with sex, BMI or smoking status.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MPOD within 7° of eccentricity, as measured by one-wavelength reflectometry, was found to decrease with increasing age in a healthy Chinese population, and lens opacities had an impact on these measurements. These results provide a reference value for future studies in the Chinese population.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Yuying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ji
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Xiongze
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Kunfang
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Su
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Chengguo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zuo
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Meng
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Wen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology*; D044466:Asian People; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002386:Cataract / Q000145:classification; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003720:Densitometry; D005260:Female; D064368:Healthy Volunteers; D006801:Humans; D014975:Lutein / Q000378:metabolism; D065348:Macular Pigment / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012160:Retina / Q000378:metabolism*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D065146:Zeaxanthins / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D065348:Macular Pigment; D065146:Zeaxanthins; C584722:meso-zeaxanthin; D014975:Lutein
keywords: Chinese; age; macular pigment optical density; one-wavelength reflectometry method