title: Detecting quinoxaline-2-carboxylic acid in animal tissues by using sensitive rapid enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay.
abstract: An indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ic-ELISA) and time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay (TR-FIA) based on an anti-N-butylquinoxaline-2-carboxamide (BQCA) monoclonal antibody were standardized and validated for quinoxaline-2-carboxylic acid (QCA) screening in animal tissues and its performance were compared to HPLC. The sensitivities obtained for edible tissue extracts were 1.62 and 1.12 ng ml(-1) for ic-ELISA and TR-FIA detection, respectively. Two samples were spiked with QCA and analyzed by both methods. The recovery values ranged from 92.6% to 112.2% and the coefficients of variation were less than 15% for QCA spiking into swine tissue samples at concentrations of 2.5-50.0 μg kg(-1). Excellent correlations (r(2)=0.987-0.996) of the ic-ELISA/HPLC and TR-FIA/HPLC data were observed for processed samples. The results demonstrated that the ic-ELISA and TR-FIA methods were rapid and accurate for the residue detection of QCA in animal tissues.
authors.affiliation: College of Life Science, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, PR China. Electronic address: hnxylt@163.com.
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Le
authors.affiliation: Wuhan Institute of Animal Health Supervision, Wuhan 430012, PR China.
authors.forename: Huan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Chongqing Center for Biomedicines and Medical Equipment, Chongqing Academy of Science and Technology, Chongqing 401123, PR China.
authors.forename: Xiaodong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Niu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D015200:Fluoroimmunoassay / Q000379:methods*; D008099:Liver / Q000737:chemistry*; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D009132:Muscles / Q000737:chemistry*; D011810:Quinoxalines / Q000032:analysis*; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D011810:Quinoxalines; C042218:quinoxaline-2-carboxylic acid
keywords: Animal tissue; Carbadox; Indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; Monoclonal antibody; Quinoxaline-2-carboxylic acid; Time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay