title: Subfertility and assisted reproduction techniques are associated with poorer cardiometabolic profiles in childhood.
abstract: The effects of artificial reproductive techniques and subfertility on cardiovascular and metabolic profiles of children aged 5-6 years were investigated using data from the Amsterdam Born Children and their Development study. Of the 2577 children, 34 were conceived through ovulation induction, 51 through artificial insemination and 28 through IVF or intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). Two hundred and twenty children were born to couples who conceived after more than 12 months and 2244 were born to couples who conceived within 12 months of unprotected intercourse ('subfertile' and 'fertile', respectively). At the age of 5-6 years, fasting glucose levels were higher among children conceived through ovulation induction and IVF-ICSI compared with those of children of fertile couples (adjusted difference: ovulation induction: 0.4 mmol/l, 95% CI 0.2 to 0.6; IVF-ICSI: 0.2 mmol/l, 95% CI 0.0 to 0.5). Blood pressure was higher in children of subfertile couples compared with that of children of fertile couples (adjusted difference systolic blood pressure: 0.8 mmHg, 95% CI -0.2 to 1.8; diastolic blood pressure: 1.4 mmHg, 95% CI 0.6 to 2.3). Subfertility and conception through ovulation induction and IVF-ICSI each contributed to aspects of an adverse cardiovascular and metabolic profile in childhood.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical Centre Alkmaar, The Netherlands; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Electronic address: m.pontesilli@amc.uva.nl.
authors.forename: Martina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pontesilli
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Rebecca C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Painter
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Iris J
authors.initials: IJ
authors.lastname: Grooten
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Joris A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: van der Post
authors.affiliation: Robinson Institute, School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, University of Adelaide, Australia.
authors.forename: Ben Willem
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: Mol
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Tanja G M
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: Vrijkotte
authors.affiliation: Centre for Reproductive Medicine, Women's and Children's Hospital, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Sjoerd
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Repping
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Tessa J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Roseboom
mesh_terms: D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D001794:Blood Pressure; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005192:Family Health; D005260:Female; D005307:Fertilization in Vitro / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D044882:Glucose Metabolism Disorders / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D007247:Infertility, Female / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D007248:Infertility, Male / Q000503:physiopathology; D007315:Insemination, Artificial / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008297:Male; D009426:Netherlands / Q000453:epidemiology; D010062:Ovulation Induction / Q000009:adverse effects*; D010290:Parents; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012306:Risk; D020554:Sperm Injections, Intracytoplasmic / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose
keywords: IVF; artificial insemination; cardiovascular risk offspring; ovulation induction; subfertility