title: The complex association of metabolic syndrome and its components with computed tomography-determined emphysema index.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Recent reports have suggested the association between emphysema and cardiovascular disease (CVD); however, there are few reports regarding association of emphysema severity with metabolic syndrome and its components representing CVD risk factors.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective cross-sectional study was performed in 2814 adult male subjects over age 40 who visited the Health Promotion Center in Samsung Medical Center for a health checkup program.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We classified patients according to the quintiles of forced expiratory volume in 1 sec (FEV1) and emphysema index (EI). FEV1 percentage predicted values (% pred) was inversely associated with prevalence of metabolic syndrome and most of its components, such as abdominal obesity, hypertension, fasting hyperglycemia, and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Although there was no association between prevalence of metabolic syndrome and EI, hypertension was positively associated with EI (P<0.001) and high triglycerides (TGs) were inversely associated with EI (P=0.021). These associations persisted after adjustment of other variables (P<0.001 in hypertension and P=0.039 in high TGs).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The computed tomography-determined EI has a complex association with components of metabolic syndrome that is associated with increased prevalence of hypertension but decreased prevalence of high TGs, whereas FEV1 (% pred) has an inverse association with metabolic syndrome and most of its components with consistent direction.
authors.affiliation: 1 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine , Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Hye Yun
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Byung Woo
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: Jhun
authors.forename: Ho Jung
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Jeong
authors.forename: Hae Ri
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Chon
authors.forename: Won-Jung
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Koh
authors.forename: Gee Young
authors.initials: GY
authors.lastname: Suh
authors.forename: Hojoong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Myung Jin
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: Hee Jung
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Jun
authors.forename: Yoon-Ho
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Seong Yong
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Lim
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000886:Anthropometry; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004646:Emphysema / Q000150:complications* / Q000532:radiotherapy; D005541:Forced Expiratory Volume; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D015995:Prevalence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
chemical_list: D008076:Cholesterol, HDL