title: Systemic arteriosclerosis and eating behavior in Japanese type 2 diabetic patients with visceral fat accumulation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Visceral fat accumulation is a major etiological factor in the progression of type 2 diabetes mellitus and atherosclerosis. We described previously visceral fat accumulation and multiple cardiovascular risk factors in a considerable number of Japanese non-obese subjects (BMI <25 kg/m(2)). Here, we investigated differences in systemic arteriosclerosis, serum adiponectin concentration, and eating behavior in type 2 diabetic patients with and without visceral fat accumulation.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study subjects were 75 Japanese type 2 diabetes mellitus (age: 64.8 ± 11.5 years, mean ± SD). Visceral fat accumulation represented an estimated visceral fat area of 100 cm(2) using the bioelectrical impedance analysis method. Subjects were divided into two groups; with (n = 53) and without (n = 22) visceral fat accumulation. Systemic arteriosclerosis was scored for four arteries by ultrasonography. Eating behavior was assessed based on The Guideline for Obesity questionnaire issued by the Japan Society for the Study of Obesity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The visceral fat accumulation (+) group showed significantly higher systemic vascular scores and significantly lower serum adiponectin levels than the visceral fat accumulation (-) group. With respect to the eating behavior questionnaire items, (+) patients showed higher values for the total score and many of the major sub-scores than (-) patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Type 2 diabetic patients with visceral fat accumulation showed 1) progression of systemic arteriosclerosis, 2) low serum adiponectin levels, and 3) differences in eating behavior, compared to those without visceral fat accumulation. Taken together, the findings highlight the importance of evaluating visceral fat area in type 2 diabetic patients. Furthermore, those with visceral fat accumulation might need to undergo more intensive screening for systemic arteriosclerosis and consider modifying their eating behaviors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 B-5, Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan. s.fukuda@endmet.med.osaka-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Shiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fukuda
authors.affiliation: Department of Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2-B, Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan. hirata@endmet.med.osaka-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Ayumu
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hirata
authors.affiliation: Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 B-5, Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan. hitoshin1127@endmet.med.osaka-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Hitoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nishizawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 B-5, Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan. nagao@endmet.med.osaka-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Hirofumi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nagao
authors.affiliation: Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 B-5, Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan. skashine@mx5.canvas.ne.jp.
authors.forename: Susumu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kashine
authors.affiliation: Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 B-5, Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan. tkkk1441@endmet.med.osaka-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Takekazu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kimura
authors.affiliation: Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 B-5, Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan. kinoue@endmet.med.osaka-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Kana
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.affiliation: Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 B-5, Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan. y.fujishima@endmet.med.osaka-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Yuya
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fujishima
authors.affiliation: Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 B-5, Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan. myamaoka705@yahoo.co.jp.
authors.forename: Masaya
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yamaoka
authors.affiliation: Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 B-5, Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan. kjunji@endmet.med.osaka-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Junji
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kozawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 B-5, Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan. tkitamura@endmet.med.osaka-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Tetsuhiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kitamura
authors.affiliation: Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 B-5, Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan. yasuda@endmet.med.osaka-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Tetsuyuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yasuda
authors.affiliation: Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 B-5, Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan. norikazu_maeda@endmet.med.osaka-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Norikazu
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Maeda
authors.affiliation: Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 B-5, Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan. aimagawa@endmet.med.osaka-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Akihisa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Imagawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2-B, Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan. funahashi@endmet.med.osaka-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Tohru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Funahashi
authors.affiliation: Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 B-5, Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan. ichi@endmet.med.osaka-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Iichiro
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Shimomura
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001161:Arteriosclerosis / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D044466:Asian People; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005247:Feeding Behavior / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D050152:Intra-Abdominal Fat / Q000378:metabolism*; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged