title: Prompt immune tolerance induction at inhibitor diagnosis regardless of titre may increase overall success in haemophilia A complicated by inhibitors: experience of two U.S. centres.
abstract: Current guidelines recommend delaying the start of immune tolerance induction (ITI) until the inhibitor titre is <10 Bethesda units (BU) to improve success. This study was conducted to evaluate ITI outcome relative to time to start ITI from inhibitor detection irrespective of inhibitor titre. Data were retrospectively collected from two U.S. haemophilia treatment centres (HTCs) on subjects with severe/moderate factor VIII (FVIII) deficiency with inhibitors who underwent ITI. Outcomes were defined pragmatically: success--negative inhibitor titre and ability to use FVIII concentrate for treatment/bleed prevention; partial success--inhibitor titre 1 to <5 BU with ability to use FVIII concentrate for treatment of bleeding; failure--ITI ongoing >3 years without achieving success/partial success, or ITI discontinuation. Fifty-eight subjects were included; 32 of 39 (82%) with high-responding inhibitor (HRI) achieved success, 7 failed. HRI subjects were subdivided based on ITI start time: 23/39 subjects started within 1 month of detection and 22/23 (96%) achieved success. Of these 23, 13 started ITI with an inhibitor titre ≥10 BU; all were successes. Eleven of 39 HRI subjects had an interval >6 months until ITI start; 7 (64%) achieved success. Time from inhibitor detection to ITI start may play a critical role in outcome. A titre ≥10 BU at ITI start did not influence outcome in subjects when ITI was initiated within 1 month of detection. Prompt ITI should be considered a viable therapeutic option in newly identified patients with inhibitors regardless of current inhibitor titre.
authors.affiliation: The Indiana Hemophilia and Thrombosis Center (IHTC), Indianapolis, IN, USA.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Nakar
authors.affiliation: The University of Colorado Hemophilia & Thrombosis Center (UCHTC), Aurora, CO, USA.
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Manco-Johnson
authors.affiliation: Rho, Inc., Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lail
authors.affiliation: Rho, Inc., Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Donfield
authors.affiliation: The Indiana Hemophilia and Thrombosis Center (IHTC), Indianapolis, IN, USA.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Maahs
authors.affiliation: The Indiana Hemophilia and Thrombosis Center (IHTC), Indianapolis, IN, USA.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chong
authors.affiliation: The University of Colorado Hemophilia & Thrombosis Center (UCHTC), Aurora, CO, USA.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Blades
authors.affiliation: The Indiana Hemophilia and Thrombosis Center (IHTC), Indianapolis, IN, USA.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shapiro
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D019774:Blood Coagulation Factor Inhibitors / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005169:Factor VIII / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006467:Hemophilia A / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007108:Immune Tolerance; D007223:Infant; D007518:Isoantibodies / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology*; D009154:Mutation; D012008:Recurrence; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014481:United States; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D019774:Blood Coagulation Factor Inhibitors; D007518:Isoantibodies; D005169:Factor VIII
keywords: factor VIII; haemophilia A; immune tolerance induction; inhibitors; time interval; titre