title: AIL and HDG proteins act antagonistically to control cell proliferation.
abstract: Aintegumenta-like (AIL) transcription factors are key regulators of cell proliferation and meristem identity. Although AIL functions have been well described, the direct signalling components of this pathway are largely unknown. We show that baby boom (BBM) and other AIL proteins physically interact with multiple members of the L1-expressed homeodomain glabrous (HDG) transcription factor family, including HDG1, HDG11 and HDG12. Overexpression of HDG1, HDG11 and HDG12 restricts growth due to root and shoot meristem arrest, which is associated with reduced expression of genes involved in meristem development and cell proliferation pathways, whereas downregulation of multiple HDG genes promotes cell overproliferation. These results suggest a role for HDG proteins in promoting cell differentiation. We also reveal a transcriptional network in which BBM and HDG1 regulate several common target genes, and where BBM/AIL and HDG regulate the expression of each other. Taken together, these results suggest opposite roles for AIL and HDG proteins, with AILs promoting cell proliferation and HDGs stimulating cell differentiation, and that these functions are mediated at both the protein-protein interaction and transcriptional level.
authors.affiliation: Wageningen University and Research Centre, Bioscience, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, Wageningen 6708 PB, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Anneke
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Horstman
authors.affiliation: Vegetable Breeding and Genome Research Division, NARO Institute of Vegetable and Tea Science (NIVTS), 360 Kusawa, Ano, Tsu, Mie 514-2392, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fukuoka
authors.affiliation: Department of Computational Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin D-14195, Germany.
authors.forename: Jose M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Muino
authors.affiliation: Wageningen University, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Dreijenlaan 3, Wageningen 6703 HA, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Lisette
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Nitsch
authors.affiliation: Wageningen University and Research Centre, Bioscience, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, Wageningen 6708 PB, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Changhua
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: Wageningen University and Research Centre, Bioscience, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, Wageningen 6708 PB, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Passarinho
authors.affiliation: Wageningen University and Research Centre, Bioscience, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, Wageningen 6708 PB, The Netherlands Wageningen University, Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, Wageningen 6708 PB, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Gabino
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sanchez-Perez
authors.affiliation: Wageningen University and Research Centre, Bioscience, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, Wageningen 6708 PB, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Immink
authors.affiliation: Wageningen University and Research Centre, Bioscience, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, Wageningen 6708 PB, The Netherlands Wageningen University, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, Wageningen 6708 PB, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Gerco
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Angenent
authors.affiliation: Wageningen University and Research Centre, Bioscience, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, Wageningen 6708 PB, The Netherlands kim.boutilier@wur.nl.
authors.forename: Kim
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Boutilier
mesh_terms: D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000502:physiology*; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000502:physiology*; D047369:Chromatin Immunoprecipitation; D020285:Cryoelectron Microscopy; D017931:DNA Primers / Q000235:genetics; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D031541:Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D005822:Genetic Vectors / Q000235:genetics; D046228:Microarray Analysis; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D005810:Multigene Family / Q000235:genetics; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: C099055:AINTEGUMENTA protein, Arabidopsis; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; C518629:BABY BOOM protein, Arabidopsis; D017931:DNA Primers; C586313:HDG11 protein, Arabidopsis; D014157:Transcription Factors
keywords: AINTEGUMENTA-LIKE; Arabidopsis; Cell differentiation; Cell proliferation; HOMEODOMAIN GLABROUS; Transcription factor