title: Effect of added zinc in diets with ractopamine hydrochloride on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and ileal mucosal inflammation mRNA expression of finishing pigs.
abstract: Two experiments were conducted to determine the effects of increasing the dietary Zn content on growth performance, carcass characteristics, plasma Zn, and ileal mucosal inflammation mRNA expression of finishing pigs fed diets containing ractopamine HCl (RAC; Elanco Animal Health, Greenfield, IN). In Exp. 1, 312 pigs (327 × 1050; PIC, Hendersonville, TN; 94 kg BW) were used in a 27-d study. There were 2 pigs per pen and 26 pens per treatment. Treatments included a corn-soybean meal diet (control; 0.66% standardized ileal digestible [SID] Lys); a diet (0.92% SID Lys) with 10 mg/kg RAC; and the RAC diet plus 50, 100, or 150 mg Zn/kg from ZnO or 50 mg Zn/kg from a Zn AA complex (ZnAA; Availa-Zn; Zinpro, Eden Prairie, MN). All diets also contained 83 mg Zn/kg from ZnSO4 in the trace mineral premix. Pigs fed the RAC diet without added Zn had increased (P < 0.05) ADG, G:F, HCW, carcass yield, and loin weight compared with pigs fed the control diet. Increasing Zn from ZnO in diets containing RAC tended to increase (linear, P = 0.067) G:F and loin weight (quadratic, P = 0.064). Pigs fed diets with 50 mg Zn/kg from ZnAA tended to have increased (P = 0.057) ADG compared with pigs fed the RAC diet. In Exp. 2, 320 pigs (327 × 1050; PIC; 98 kg BW) were used in a 35-d study. There were 2 pigs per pen and 20 pens per treatment. Treatments included a control diet (0.66% SID Lys); a diet (0.92% SID Lys) with 10 mg/kg RAC; or the RAC diet plus 75, 150, and 225 mg Zn/kg from ZnO or ZnAA. All diets also contained 55 mg Zn/kg from ZnSO4 from the trace mineral premix. Pigs fed the RAC diet had increased (P < 0.05) ADG, G:F, HCW, loin depth, percentage lean, and liver weight compared with pigs fed the control diet. No Zn level or source effects or level × source interactions were observed for growth performance. A Zn level × source interaction (quadratic, P = 0.007) was observed in liver Zn concentrations. This resulted from liver Zn concentrations plateauing at 150 mg Zn/kg when ZnO was supplemented, while there was a linear increase when using ZnAA. Increasing Zn in diets containing RAC increased (linear, P < 0.05) plasma Zn on d 18 and 32. The expression of IL-1β was increased (P = 0.014) in mucosa of pigs fed the RAC diet compared with those fed the control diet. Expression of IL-1β decreased (linear, P = 0.026) in the mucosa of pigs fed increasing added Zn. In conclusion, adding Zn to diets containing RAC resulted in a trend for improved growth performance of pigs in 1 of 2 experiments. Also, additional Zn increased plasma Zn and reduced IL-1β.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Sciences and Industry.
authors.forename: C B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Paulk
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Sciences and Industry.
authors.forename: D D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Burnett
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Sciences and Industry.
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Tokach
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Sciences and Industry.
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Nelssen
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506.
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Dritz
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Sciences and Industry.
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: DeRouchey
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Sciences and Industry.
authors.forename: R D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Goodband
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824.
authors.forename: G M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Hill
authors.affiliation: Elanco Animal Health, Greenfield, IN 46140.
authors.forename: K D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Haydon
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Sciences and Industry johngonz@ksu.edu.
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Gonzalez
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed; D000824:Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D000818:Animals; D001823:Body Composition / Q000187:drug effects*; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects*; D004032:Diet / Q000662:veterinary; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D007079:Ileitis / Q000378:metabolism*; D007082:Ileum / Q000378:metabolism; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D010627:Phenethylamines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D013552:Swine / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism; D015032:Zinc / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D010627:Phenethylamines; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C060897:ractopamine; D015032:Zinc
keywords: beta agonist; inflammatory cytokines; liver; plasma; porcine; zinc amino acid complex; zinc oxide