title: Influence of gravity upon some facial signs.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Facial clinical signs and their integration are the basis of perception than others could have from ourselves, noticeably the age they imagine we are. Facial modifications in motion and their objective measurements before and after application of skin regimen are essential to go further in evaluation capacities to describe efficacy in facial dynamics. Quantification of facial modifications vis à vis gravity will allow us to answer about 'control' of facial shape in daily activities.
  
  
  METHODS
  Standardized photographs of the faces of 30 Caucasian female subjects of various ages (24-73 year) were successively taken at upright and supine positions within a short time interval. All these pictures were therefore reframed - any bias due to facial features was avoided when evaluating one single sign - for clinical quotation by trained experts of several facial signs regarding published standardized photographic scales.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For all subjects, the supine position increased facial width but not height, giving a more fuller appearance to the face. More importantly, the supine position changed the severity of facial ageing features (e.g. wrinkles) compared to an upright position and whether these features were attenuated or exacerbated depended on their facial location. Supine station mostly modifies signs of the lower half of the face whereas those of the upper half appear unchanged or slightly accentuated. These changes appear much more marked in the older groups, where some deep labial folds almost vanish. These alterations decreased the perceived ages of the subjects by an average of 3.8 years.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although preliminary, this study suggests that a 90° rotation of the facial skin vis à vis gravity induces rapid rearrangements among which changes in tensional forces within and across the face, motility of interstitial free water among underlying skin tissue and/or alterations of facial Langer lines, likely play a significant role.
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Research and Development, L'Oréal Research and Innovation, Chevilly-Larue, France.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Flament
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bazin
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Piot
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005145:Face; D005260:Female; D006112:Gravitation; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: apparent age; clinical signs; gravity; movement