title: Making sense of anti-sense data.
abstract: The morpholino anti-sense technology has been used extensively to test gene function. The zebrafish model allows a detailed comparison of knockdown (anti-sense) and knockout (mutation) effects. Recent studies reveal that these two approaches can often lead to surprisingly different phenotypes, thus raising a number of important questions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim 61231, Germany. Electronic address: didier.stainier@mpi-bn.mpg.de.
authors.forename: Didier Y R
authors.initials: DY
authors.lastname: Stainier
authors.affiliation: Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim 61231, Germany.
authors.forename: Zacharias
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Kontarakis
authors.affiliation: Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim 61231, Germany.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rossi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D055785:Gene Knockdown Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D060172:Morpholinos / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016376:Oligonucleotides, Antisense / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010641:Phenotype; D015027:Zebrafish / Q000235:genetics*; D029961:Zebrafish Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D060172:Morpholinos; D016376:Oligonucleotides, Antisense; D029961:Zebrafish Proteins