title: Antimicrobial-resistant and extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli in raw cow's milk.
abstract: The occurrence of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria is an important public health issue. The aim of this study was the monitoring of resistant Escherichia coli in raw cow's milk with a focus on the detection of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing strains. In total, 263 samples of raw milk from 40 farms were collected and investigated in 2010 to 2013 in the Czech Republic. Detection of E. coli was performed and evaluated according to ISO 16649-2, and antibiotic resistance was screened by the disk diffusion method. The presence of E. coli was detected in 243 (92.4%) samples. In total, 270 isolates were obtained. Resistance to β-lactam (31.8%) and tetracycline (13.0%) antibiotics was detected most often and also multiresistant strains (5.5%) were observed. E. coli isolates found to be resistant to β-lactam, tetracycline, and quinolone antibiotics were assayed by PCR to detect selected genes encoding those resistance mechanisms. In isolates in which any bla genes were detected, a double-disk synergy test was performed. ESBL production was confirmed in 2 (0.7%) isolates. The genetic analysis identified the presence of the blaCTX-M gene and other resistance genes (tet(B) and qnrB). Both ESBL-positive isolates originated from the same farm and had an identical pulsed-field gel electrophoresis profile. The findings of our study indicate that milk can be a reservoir of bacteria carrying resistance genes with a potential for spreading through the food chain.
authors.affiliation: Department of Milk Hygiene and Technology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackého 1-3, Brno 612 42, Czech Republic; Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 296/70, Brno 621 00, Czech Republic. askockova@vfu.cz.
authors.forename: Alena
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Skočková
authors.affiliation: Department of Milk Hygiene and Technology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackého 1-3, Brno 612 42, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Kateřina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bogdanovičoá
authors.affiliation: Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 296/70, Brno 621 00, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Ivana
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Koláčková
authors.affiliation: Department of Milk Hygiene and Technology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackého 1-3, Brno 612 42, Czech Republic; Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 296/70, Brno 621 00, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Renáta
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Karpíšková
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002417:Cattle; D018153:Czech Republic; D024901:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics*; D016521:Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D008892:Milk / Q000382:microbiology*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D066256:Raw Foods / Q000382:microbiology*; D001618:beta-Lactamases / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins; C000599759:blaCTX-M-8 protein, E coli; D001618:beta-Lactamases