title: Relationship between cigarette smoking and radiographic knee osteoarthritis in Chinese population: a cross-sectional study.
abstract: The purpose of this paper was to estimate the cross-sectional association between cigarette smoking and radiographic knee Osteoarthritis (OA) in Chinese population. A total of 3,789 subjects (1,796 females and 1,993 males) participated in this study. A subject was diagnosed with radiographic knee OA if Kellgren-Lawrence (K-L) grade ≥2 in at least one leg. The smoking status was classified into four levels based on the daily smoking habit: (1) 0/day; (2) 1-10/day; (3) 11-20/day; and (4) >20/day. Linear trend and multivariable logistic regression were conducted for statistical analysis. The prevalence of radiographic knee OA was 28.4 % among the subjects of this study. An inverse association was observed between cigarette smoking and radiographic knee OA in the linear trend test. Such association remained valid after adjusting the factors of age, gender, body mass index, betel quilt chewing status, physical activity, alcohol drinking status, mean total energy intake and educational level in the multivariable logistic regression. This study suggested a negative association between cigarette smoking and radiographic knee OA in the Chinese population. The findings of this study need to be confirmed by further prospective research.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, #87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China.
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Chao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zeng
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Tuo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Zhen-Han
authors.initials: ZH
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.forename: Ye
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Xiang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.forename: Dong-Xing
authors.initials: DX
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.forename: Yi-Lun
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Guang-Hua
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Lei
mesh_terms: D044466:Asian People; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007719:Knee Joint / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D016014:Linear Models; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D020370:Osteoarthritis, Knee / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000208:ethnology; D015995:Prevalence; D011859:Radiography; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000208:ethnology