title: Management of femoral head osteonecrosis: Current concepts.
abstract: Osteonecrosis of femoral head (ONFH) is a disabling condition of young individuals with ill-defined etiology and pathogenesis. Remains untreated, about 70-80% of the patients progress to secondary hip arthritis. Both operative and nonoperative treatments have been described with variable success rate. Early diagnosis and treatment is the key for success in preserving the hip joint. Once femoral head collapses (>2 mm) or if there is secondary degeneration, hip conservation procedures become ineffective and arthroplasty remains the only better option. We reviewed 157 studies that evaluate different treatment modalities of ONFH and then a final consensus on treatment was made.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.
authors.forename: Sujit Kumar
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Tripathy
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India.
authors.forename: Tarun
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Goyal
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedics, Fortis Hospital, Mohali, Punjab, India.
authors.forename: Ramesh Kumar
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Sen
keywords: Avascular necrosis; Avascular necrosis of bone; femur head; hip; osteonecrosis; treatment; treatment protocols