title: Role of the diet as a link between oxidative stress and liver diseases.
abstract: Oxidative stress is caused by an imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen (free radicals) and the body's ability (antioxidant capacity) to readily detoxify the reactive intermediates or easily repair the resulting damage. An adequate diet, characterized by daily intake of foods associated with improvements in the total antioxidant capacity of individuals and reduced incidence of diseases related to oxidation, can modulate the degree of oxidative stress. In fact, diet-derived micronutrients may be direct antioxidants, or are components of antioxidant enzymes, leading to improvement of some indicators of hepatic function. However, although their increased dietary intake might be beneficial, literature data are still controversial. This review summarizes what is known about the effects of diet nutrients on oxidative stress, inflammation and liver function. Moreover, we have analyzed: (1) the main nutritional components involved in the production and/or removal of free radicals; and (2) the role of free radicals in the pathogenesis of several hepatic diseases and related comorbidities.
authors.affiliation: Teresa Arrigo, Caterina Cuppari, Sara Manti, Gabriella D'Angelo, Eloisa Gitto, Lucia Marseglia, Carmelo Salpietro, Department of Pediatric, Gynecological, Microbiological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy.
authors.forename: Teresa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Arrigo
authors.affiliation: Teresa Arrigo, Caterina Cuppari, Sara Manti, Gabriella D'Angelo, Eloisa Gitto, Lucia Marseglia, Carmelo Salpietro, Department of Pediatric, Gynecological, Microbiological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy.
authors.forename: Salvatore
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Leonardi
authors.affiliation: Teresa Arrigo, Caterina Cuppari, Sara Manti, Gabriella D'Angelo, Eloisa Gitto, Lucia Marseglia, Carmelo Salpietro, Department of Pediatric, Gynecological, Microbiological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy.
authors.forename: Caterina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cuppari
authors.affiliation: Teresa Arrigo, Caterina Cuppari, Sara Manti, Gabriella D'Angelo, Eloisa Gitto, Lucia Marseglia, Carmelo Salpietro, Department of Pediatric, Gynecological, Microbiological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy.
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Manti
authors.affiliation: Teresa Arrigo, Caterina Cuppari, Sara Manti, Gabriella D'Angelo, Eloisa Gitto, Lucia Marseglia, Carmelo Salpietro, Department of Pediatric, Gynecological, Microbiological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy.
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lanzafame
authors.affiliation: Teresa Arrigo, Caterina Cuppari, Sara Manti, Gabriella D'Angelo, Eloisa Gitto, Lucia Marseglia, Carmelo Salpietro, Department of Pediatric, Gynecological, Microbiological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy.
authors.forename: Gabriella
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: D'Angelo
authors.affiliation: Teresa Arrigo, Caterina Cuppari, Sara Manti, Gabriella D'Angelo, Eloisa Gitto, Lucia Marseglia, Carmelo Salpietro, Department of Pediatric, Gynecological, Microbiological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy.
authors.forename: Eloisa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gitto
authors.affiliation: Teresa Arrigo, Caterina Cuppari, Sara Manti, Gabriella D'Angelo, Eloisa Gitto, Lucia Marseglia, Carmelo Salpietro, Department of Pediatric, Gynecological, Microbiological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy.
authors.forename: Lucia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Marseglia
authors.affiliation: Teresa Arrigo, Caterina Cuppari, Sara Manti, Gabriella D'Angelo, Eloisa Gitto, Lucia Marseglia, Carmelo Salpietro, Department of Pediatric, Gynecological, Microbiological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy.
authors.forename: Carmelo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Salpietro
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D004032:Diet / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008107:Liver Diseases / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D009752:Nutritional Status; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D010289:Parenteral Nutrition, Total; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D012307:Risk Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species
keywords: Liver disease; Macronutrients; Micronutrients; Nutrition; Oxidative stress