title: Surgical site infection rates in 16 cities in Turkey: findings of the International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium (INICC).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Surgical site infections (SSIs) are a threat to patient safety; however, there were no available data on SSI rates stratified by surgical procedure (SP) in Turkey.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between January 2005 and December 2011, a cohort prospective surveillance study on SSIs was conducted by the International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium (INICC) in 20 hospitals in 16 Turkish cities. Data from hospitalized patients were registered using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) methods and definitions for SSIs. Surgical procedures (SPs) were classified into 22 types according to International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision criteria.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We recorded 1879 SSIs, associated with 41,563 SPs (4.3%; 95% confidence interval, 4.3-4.7). Among the results, the SSI rate per type of SP compared with rates reported by the INICC and CDC NHSN were 11.9% for ventricular shunt (vs 12.9% vs 5.6%); 5.3% for craniotomy (vs 4.4% vs 2.6%); 4.9% for coronary bypass with chest and donor incision (vs 4.5 vs 2.9); 3.5% for hip prosthesis (vs 2.6% vs 1.3%), and 3.0% for cesarean section (vs 0.7% vs 1.8%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In most of the 22 types of SP analyzed, our SSI rates were higher than the CDC NHSN rates and similar to the INICC rates. This study advances the knowledge of SSI epidemiology in Turkey, allowing the implementation of targeted interventions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases, Ondokuz Mayis University Medical School, Samsun, Turkey.
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authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases, International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium, Buenos Aires, Argentina. Electronic address: victor_rosenthal@inicc.org.
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authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases, Mersin University, Faculty of Medicine, Mersin, Turkey.
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authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases, Ondokuz Mayis University Medical School, Samsun, Turkey.
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authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases, Ondokuz Mayis University Medical School, Samsun, Turkey.
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authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases, Ondokuz Mayis University Medical School, Samsun, Turkey.
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authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases, Mersin University, Faculty of Medicine, Mersin, Turkey.
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authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases, Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.
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mesh_terms: D002947:Cities; D015331:Cohort Studies; D006761:Hospitals; D006801:Humans; D015995:Prevalence; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013530:Surgical Wound Infection / Q000453:epidemiology*; D014421:Turkey / Q000453:epidemiology
keywords: Developing countries; Health care–associated infection; Hospital infection; Nosocomial infection; Surgical wound infection