title: Does practice make perfect? Resident experience with breast surgery influences excision adequacy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The adequacy of breast-conserving surgery (BCS) for invasive or in situ disease is largely determined by the final surgical margins. Although margin status is associated with various clinicopathologic features, the influence of resident involvement remains controversial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients who underwent BCS for malignancy from 2009 to 2012 were identified. The effects of various clinicopathologic characteristics and resident involvement were evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 502 cases performed, a resident assisted with most surgeries (95%). The overall rate of positive margins was 30%, which was not associated with resident involvement. Interns assisting from July to September had significantly lower rates of positive margins. Margins were more likely to be positive following any given resident's first 3 cases on their breast rotation than throughout the remainder of their rotation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although resident level alone does not influence the adequacy of BCS, experience gained over time does appear to be associated with lower rates of positive margins.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Loyola University Health Systems, 2160 South First Avenue, Maywood, IL 60153, USA.
authors.forename: Jennifer K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Plichta
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Loyola University Health Systems, 2160 South First Avenue, Maywood, IL 60153, USA.
authors.forename: Claudia B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Perez
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Loyola University Health Systems, 2160 South First Avenue, Maywood, IL 60153, USA.
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Health Systems, 2160 South First Avenue, Maywood, IL 60153, USA.
authors.forename: Alexi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bloom
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Loyola University Health Systems, 2160 South First Avenue, Maywood, IL 60153, USA.
authors.forename: Gerard J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Abood
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Loyola University Health Systems, 2160 South First Avenue, Maywood, IL 60153, USA. Electronic address: cgodellas@lumc.edu.
authors.forename: Constantine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Godellas
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D002983:Clinical Competence; D004502:Education, Medical, Continuing / Q000379:methods*; D004521:Educational Measurement; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007396:Internship and Residency / Q000379:methods*; D008408:Mastectomy / Q000193:education* / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies
keywords: Breast conserving surgery; Breast margins; Resident training