title: A survey of the European Venous Forum on education and training in venous surgery and phlebology in Europe.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Venous training in Europe is lacking a formal curriculum among various specialties related to management of venous diseases. We conducted a survey in order to have a snapshot on the actual education and training level among physicians practicing currently venous surgery and phlebology in Europe.
  
  
  METHODS
  From April 7, 2014 to June 11, 2014 a survey was carried out using the Survey Monkey system, including 11 main questions covering all the domains of training and education in venous surgery and phlebology. The questionnaire was sent to all physicians included in the current mailing list of the European Venous Forum (EVF) and the Mediterranean League of Angiology and Vascular Surgery. Two questions were particularly addressed to those physicians who had attended the EVF hands-on workshop (HOW) at least once.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The response rate was 24% (97/400) and 51.5% of them were practicing in a hospital service. Most responders were vascular surgeons (67.7%), followed by angiologists (19.4%). Only half of the responders felt as being competent to manage the whole spectrum of venous diseases successfully after completion of their training, while a few were able to perform endovenous ablations and even less more advanced venous interventions. Formal training in Duplex ultrasound was undertaken only in 55.2%. The majority suggested that a venous training program should be a separate part of their specialty rotation and should be organized at a national or European level, or even by a specific scientific society. Over 95% of those physicians who already participated in the EVF HOW considered the knowledge they acquired there as useful for their practice.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is currently an important need for more specialized venous training for all physicians involved in the diagnosis and management of venous diseases. Therefore all local, national and international initiatives should be encouraged to improve education in this field.
authors.affiliation: Department of Vascular Surgery, University Hospital of Larissa, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece - spanos.kon@gmail.com.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Spanos
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: De Maeseneer
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nicolaides
authors.forename: A D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Giannoukas
mesh_terms: D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D002983:Clinical Competence; D003479:Curriculum; D004503:Education, Medical, Graduate; D057510:Endovascular Procedures / Q000193:education*; D005060:Europe; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D013038:Specialization; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D018616:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Duplex; D014652:Vascular Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*; D014656:Vascular Surgical Procedures / Q000193:education*; D014680:Veins / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*