title: Anal cancer: current standards in care and recent changes in practice.
abstract: Answer questions and earn CME/CNE The management of squamous cell carcinomas of the anal canal has evolved from surgery as first-line treatment to curative chemoradiation, with surgery reserved for salvage. Significant progress has been made in understanding how to most effectively deliver chemotherapy and reduce toxicity through advancements in radiation delivery. The purpose of this article is to review the multimodality approach to the diagnosis and management of anal cancer based on a review of the published data and in light of available guidelines.
authors.affiliation: Associate Professor, Department of Radiation Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL.
authors.forename: Ravi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Shridhar
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Shibata
authors.forename: Emily
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: Charles R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Thomas
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000401:mortality / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000628:therapy*; D001005:Anus Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000401:mortality / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000628:therapy*; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000401:mortality / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000628:therapy*; D059248:Chemoradiotherapy / Q000379:methods; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D017408:Guidelines as Topic; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D015995:Prevalence; D011379:Prognosis; D012307:Risk Factors; D016879:Salvage Therapy; D012725:Sexual Behavior / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D059039:Standard of Care; D015996:Survival Rate; D017211:Treatment Failure; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology
keywords: abdominoperineal resection; anal cancer; brachytherapy; chemoradiation; chemotherapy; intensity modulated radiation therapy; quality of life; salvage therapy; sentinel lymph node biopsy; squamous cell carcinoma