title: Role of levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system in dysmenorrhea due to adenomyosis and the influence on ovarian function.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and side-effects of the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (LNG-IUS) in the treatment of moderate or severe dysmenorrhea associated with adenomyosis and the influence on ovarian function.
  
  
  METHODS
  The LNG-IUS was inserted into 60 women who had moderate or severe dysmenorrhea associated with adenomyosis diagnosed by transvaginal sonography. A visual analogue scale (VAS) of dysmenorrhea, uterine volume and serum-levels of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), etstradiol (E2), and prolactin (PRL) were used to assess the efficacy of the treatment at base- line and at six and 12 months after the LNG-IUS. Serum-levels ofFSH, LH, E2, and PRL were tested in pre-and post-insertion at six and at 12 months, respectively. Side-effects were recorded at every follow-up visit.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After six and 12 months of LNG-IUS insertion, dysmenorrhea was obviously alleviated, and the dysmenorrhea scores decreased to 2.6 from 0.6 (p < 0.05). The volume of uterus reduced six months after insertion and later, but without significant change (p <0.05). After treatment of serum, in terms ofFSH, LH, and E2 lev- els, compared with pre-insertion, there was no statistically significant difference (p > 0.01). However, the level of PRL markedly de- clined at six and 12 months after LNG-IUS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The LNG-IUS appears to be an effective method in alleviating dysmenorrhea associated with adenomyosis with little effect on ovarian function. It may be helpful to decrease the level of PRL in these patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynecology, the First Affiliated  Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China.
authors.forename: Fei
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ji
authors.forename: Xin-Hua
authors.initials: XH
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Ai Li
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Ai Xing Zi
authors.forename: Tuer Xun
authors.initials: TX
authors.lastname: Ha Ni Ke Zi
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ding
mesh_terms: D062788:Adenomyosis / Q000150:complications*; D000328:Adult; D004412:Dysmenorrhea / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005260:Female; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D007436:Intrauterine Devices, Medicated; D016912:Levonorgestrel / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone / Q000097:blood; D008875:Middle Aged; D010147:Pain Measurement
chemical_list: D016912:Levonorgestrel; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone