title: Microbial community and removal of nitrogen via the addition of a carrier in a pilot-scale duckweed-based wastewater treatment system.
abstract: Carriers were added to a pilot-scale duckweed-based (Lemna japonica 0223) wastewater treatment system to immobilize and enhance microorganisms. This system and another parallel duckweed system without carriers were operated for 1.5 years. The results indicated the addition of the carrier did not significantly affect the growth and composition of duckweed, the recovery of total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP) and CO2 or the removal of TP. However, it significantly improved the removal efficiency of TN and NH4(+)-N (by 19.97% and 15.02%, respectively). The use of 454 pyrosequencing revealed large differences of the microbial communities between the different components within a system and similarities within the same components between the two systems. The carrier biofilm had the highest bacterial diversity and relative abundance of nitrifying bacteria (3%) and denitrifying bacteria (24% of Rhodocyclaceae), which improved nitrogen removal of the system. An efficient N-removal duckweed system with enhanced microorganisms was established.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Chengdu 610041, China; Institute of Environmental Sciences and Ecological Restoration, School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China. Electronic address: zhyg6818@163.com.
authors.forename: Yonggui
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Chengdu 610041, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China. Electronic address: fangyang@cib.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Chengdu 610041, China. Electronic address: jinyl@cib.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Yanling
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Chengdu 610041, China. Electronic address: huangjun@cib.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Chengdu 610041, China. Electronic address: maxr@cib.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Xinrong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Chengdu 610041, China. Electronic address: hekz@cib.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Kaize
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: Yunnan Light Industrial Academy of Science, Kunming 650034, China. Electronic address: hzm1120@163.com.
authors.forename: Zhiming
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: Chengdu Gusheng Technology Development Co. Ltd., Chengdu 610041, China. Electronic address: Wangfeng14668@126.com.
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Chengdu 610041, China. Electronic address: zhaohai@cib.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Hai
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhao
mesh_terms: D029064:Araceae / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000528:radiation effects; D001419:Bacteria / Q000378:metabolism*; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D002244:Carbon / Q000032:analysis; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000302:isolation & purification; D014644:Genetic Variation; D008027:Light; D058465:Nitrification / Q000528:radiation effects; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D010758:Phosphorus / Q000032:analysis; D010802:Phylogeny; D010865:Pilot Projects; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics; D013696:Temperature; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid; D062065:Wastewater / Q000382:microbiology*; D018508:Water Purification / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D002244:Carbon; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D009584:Nitrogen; D010758:Phosphorus; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; D062065:Wastewater
keywords: Carrier; Duckweed-based wastewater treatment; Microbial community; Nitrogen removal; Pilot scale