title: Sunflower seeds as eliciting agents of Compositae dermatitis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Sunflowers may cause dermatitis because of allergenic sesquiterpene lactones (SLs). Contact sensitization to sunflower seeds has also been reported, but the allergens are unknown.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To analyse sunflower seeds for the presence of SLs and to assess the prevalence of sunflower sensitization in Compositae-allergic individuals.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sunflower-sensitive patients were identified by aimed patch testing. A dichloromethane extract of whole sunflower seeds was analysed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and high-performance liquid chromatography.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of sensitivity to sunflower in Compositae-allergic individuals was 56%. A solvent wash of whole sunflower seeds yielded an extract containing SLs, the principal component tentatively being identified as argophyllin A or B, other SLs being present in minute amounts.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The concentration of SLs on the sunflower seeds is considered high enough to elicit dermatitis in sensitive persons, and it seems appropriate to warn Compositae-allergic subjects against handling sunflower seeds.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology and Allergy Centre, Odense University Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, Sdr. Boulevard 29, DK-5000, Odense C, Denmark.
authors.forename: Evy
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Paulsen
authors.forename: Rime B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: El-Houri
authors.forename: Klaus E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Andersen
authors.forename: Lars P
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Christensen
mesh_terms: D017449:Dermatitis, Allergic Contact / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D006368:Helianthus; D006801:Humans; D007783:Lactones / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis* / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012639:Seeds / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000276:immunology*; D012717:Sesquiterpenes / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis* / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D007783:Lactones; D012717:Sesquiterpenes
keywords: Asteraceae; Compositae; Helianthus annuus; allergic contact dermatitis; patch testing; sunflower seeds