title: Outcome of subtalar instability reconstruction using the semitendinosus allograft tendon and biotenodesis screws.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Subtalar instability (STI) has often been obscured by lateral ankle instability. Moreover, although there have been several reports of techniques for reconstructing STI, no clinical outcome results are known to have been published. The authors report the clinical and radiographic outcomes of the ligament reconstruction of STI with a recently reported novel technique utilising a semitendinosus tendon allograft and interference screws.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study is based on 20 ankles that underwent ligament reconstruction for STI between 2009 and 2013. The average follow-up period was 15.0 ± 5 months, and the average age at surgery was 28.1 ± 10.8 years old. Visual analogue (VAS) pain scores, American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) and Karlsson-Peterson ankle scores as well as patient satisfaction were evaluated. Radiographic evaluation of medial translations of calcaneus and subtalar tilt angles was preformed with ankle and Broden's stress radiographs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The VAS pain score decreased from 6.1 ± 1.1 preoperatively to 1.8 ± 1.2 post-operatively (p < 0.05). The AOFAS score improved from 66.0 ± 12.2 preoperatively to 89.6 ± 6.7 post-operatively, and the Karlsson-Peterson score improved from 57.0 ± 13.5 to 91.1 ± 6.8 (p < 0.05). There were no complications such as recurred STI or subtalar joint stiffness. All of the patients were satisfied with the surgery. Subtalar tilt angle decreased from 11.5° preoperatively to 3.0° post-operatively, and the calcaneal medial translations decreased from 7.4 to 3.9 mm.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is the first report on the comprehensive clinical and radiographic outcomes of STI reconstruction using a semitendinosus tendon allograft and interference screws. The novel technique of STI reconstruction was found to show encouraging clinical outcomes with high patient satisfaction.
  
  
  METHODS
  IV.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Konkuk University School of Medicine, 4-12 Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 143-729, Korea.
authors.forename: Hong-Geun
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Konkuk University School of Medicine, 4-12 Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 143-729, Korea.
authors.forename: Jong-Tae
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Konkuk University School of Medicine, 4-12 Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 143-729, Korea.
authors.forename: Min-Ho
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Konkuk University School of Medicine, 4-12 Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 143-729, Korea.
authors.forename: Sang-Hun
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Konkuk University School of Medicine, 4-12 Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 143-729, Korea.
authors.forename: Joon-Sang
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Eom
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Konkuk University School of Medicine, 4-12 Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 143-729, Korea. ronaki@naver.com.
authors.forename: Dong-Oh
authors.initials: DO
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D064591:Allografts; D001863:Bone Screws; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007593:Joint Instability / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D011859:Radiography; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular; D013380:Subtalar Joint / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D013710:Tendons / Q000637:transplantation*; D064232:Visual Analog Scale