title: Organically vs conventionally grown winter wheat: effects on grain yield, technological quality, and on phenolic composition and antioxidant properties of bran and refined flour.
abstract: Since organic food is widely assumed to have a better nutritional quality than conventional food, our aim was to study the effects of organic vs conventional cropping systems on yield and the phenolic composition of winter wheat cv. 'Bologna'. Although organic wheat yielded less than conventional wheat, mainly due to the nitrogen shortage, and its bread-making quality was lower, the cultivation system did not affect the total amounts of phenolics and phenolic acids. Of the eight phenolic acids identified, only ferulic acid was influenced by the cultivation system. Phenolic composition and quantity were significantly affected by the milling fraction (bran or white flour): phenolics were more concentrated in the bran, which showed the highest antioxidant power. Under the conditions adopted in this study, an organic cropping system can maintain or even increase the health properties of the wheat milled products, provided a reduction in grain yield is accepted.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Agro-Environmental Research "Enrico Avanzi" - University of Pisa, Via Vecchia di Marina 6, 56122 San Piero a Grado (Pisa), Italy. Electronic address: marco.mazzoncini@unipi.it.
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mazzoncini
authors.affiliation: Centre for Agro-Environmental Research "Enrico Avanzi" - University of Pisa, Via Vecchia di Marina 6, 56122 San Piero a Grado (Pisa), Italy.
authors.forename: Daniele
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Antichi
authors.affiliation: Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment - University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
authors.forename: Nicola
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Silvestri
authors.affiliation: Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment - University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
authors.forename: Giulia
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ciantelli
authors.affiliation: Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment - University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sgherri
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000032:analysis*; D018556:Crops, Agricultural / Q000737:chemistry / Q000254:growth & development; D004043:Dietary Fiber / Q000032:analysis*; D005433:Flour / Q000032:analysis*; D058870:Food, Organic / Q000032:analysis*; D009753:Nutritive Value; D010636:Phenols / Q000032:analysis*; D012621:Seasons; D014908:Triticum / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000254:growth & development*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D004043:Dietary Fiber; D010636:Phenols
keywords: Antioxidant activity; Bran; DPPH and ABTS assays; Flour; Organic farming; Phenolic acids; Total phenolics; Winter wheat