title: Evidence-based practice implementation: case report of the evolution of a quality improvement program in a multicenter physical therapy organization.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Our nation's suboptimal health care quality and unsustainable costs can be linked to the failure to implement evidence-based interventions. Implementation is the bridge between the decision to adopt a strategy and its sustained use in practice. The purpose of this case report is threefold: (1) to outline the historical implementation of an evidence-based quality improvement project, (2) to describe the program's future direction using a systems perspective to identify implementation barriers, and (3) to provide implications for the profession as it works toward closing the evidence-to-practice gap.
  
  
  METHODS
  The University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) Centers for Rehab Services is a large, multicenter physical therapy organization. In 2005, they implemented a Low Back Initiative utilizing evidence-based protocols to guide clinical decision making.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The initial implementation strategy used a multifaceted approach. Formative evaluations were used repeatedly to identify barriers to implementation. Barriers may exist outside the organization, they can be created internally, they may result from personnel, or they may be a direct function of the research evidence. Since the program launch, 3 distinct improvement cycles have been utilized to address identified implementation barriers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Implementation is an iterative process requiring evaluation, measurement, and refinement. During this period, behavior change is actualized as clinicians become increasingly proficient and committed to their use of new evidence. Successfully incorporating evidence into routine practice requires a systems perspective to account for the complexity of the clinical setting. The value the profession provides can be enhanced by improving the implementation of evidence-based strategies. Achieving this outcome will require a concerted effort in all areas of the profession. New skills will be needed by leaders, researchers, managers, and clinicians.
authors.affiliation: J.M. Stevans, DC, PhD Candidate, Department of Physical Therapy, University of Pittsburgh, 100 Technology Dr, Ste 210, Pittsburgh, PA 15219 (USA). jms363@pitt.edu.
authors.forename: Joel M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Stevans
authors.affiliation: C.G. Bise, PT, MS, DPT, OCS, Department of Physical Therapy, University of Pittsburgh.
authors.forename: Christopher G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Bise
authors.affiliation: J.C. McGee, PhD, MPT, MBA, OCS, ATC, Department of Biology, US Air Force Academy, Colorado Springs, Colorado.
authors.forename: John C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: McGee
authors.affiliation: D.L. Miller, PT, MBA, FACHE, Department of Physical Therapy, University of Pittsburgh, and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) Centers for Rehab Services, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
authors.forename: Debora L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.affiliation: P. Rockar Jr, PT, DPT, MS, UPMC Centers for Rehab Services.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rockar
authors.affiliation: A. Delitto, PT, PhD, FAPTA, Department of Physical Therapy, University of Pittsburgh, and UPMC Centers for Rehab Services.
authors.forename: Anthony
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Delitto
mesh_terms: D055317:Evidence-Based Practice; D006801:Humans; D017116:Low Back Pain / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D019982:Organizational Case Studies; D026761:Physical Therapy Specialty / Q000458:organization & administration*; D058996:Quality Improvement / Q000458:organization & administration*