title: In vitro propagation of Paphiopedilum orchids.
abstract: Paphiopedilum is one of the most popular and rare orchid genera. Members of the genus are sold and exhibited as pot plants and cut flowers. Wild populations of Paphiopedilum are under the threat of extinction due to over-collection and loss of suitable habitats. A reduction in their commercial value through large-scale propagation in vitro is an option to reduce pressure from illegal collection, to attempt to meet commercial needs and to re-establish threatened species back into the wild. Although they are commercially propagated via asymbiotic seed germination, Paphiopedilum are considered to be difficult to propagate in vitro, especially by plant regeneration from tissue culture. This review aims to cover the most important aspects and to provide an up-to-date research progress on in vitro propagation of Paphiopedilum and to emphasize the importance of further improving tissue culture protocols for ex vitro-derived explants.
authors.affiliation: a Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Gene Improvement , South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou , China .
authors.forename: Songjun
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zeng
authors.affiliation: b Shanghai Chen Shan Botanical Garden , Shanghai , China .
authors.forename: Weichang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: a Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Gene Improvement , South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou , China .
authors.forename: Kunlin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: a Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Gene Improvement , South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou , China .
authors.forename: Jianxia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: c P. O. Box 7, Miki-cho post office, Ikenobe 3011-2 , Kagawa-ken, 761-0799 , Japan , and.
authors.forename: Jaime A Teixeira
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: da Silva
authors.affiliation: a Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Gene Improvement , South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou , China .|d Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Genetics and Breeding , South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou , China.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Duan
mesh_terms: D018525:Germination / Q000502:physiology*; D029595:Orchidaceae / Q000166:cytology / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D012639:Seeds / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology; D046509:Tissue Culture Techniques / Q000379:methods*
keywords: In vitro; Paphiopedilum; micropropagation; regeneration; seed germination; tissue culture