title: Development of a PCR-Based Method for Detection of Delphinium Species in Poisoned Cattle.
abstract: Toxic plants such as Delphinium spp. (i.e., larkspur) are a significant cause of livestock losses worldwide. Correctly determining the causative agent responsible for the death of an animal, whether by disease, poisonous plant, or other means, is critical in developing strategies to prevent future losses. The objective of this study was to develop an alternative diagnostic tool to microscopy and analytical chemistry to determine whether a particular poisonous plant was ingested. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a tool that may allow detection of the genetic material from a specific plant within a complex matrix such as rumen contents. A pair of oligonucleotide primers specific to Delphinium spp. (i.e., larkspur) was developed; using these primers, a PCR product was detected in samples from an in vivo, in vitro, and in vivo/in vitro coupled digestion of Delphinium occidentale. Lastly, larkspur was detected in a matrix of ruminal material where the amount of larkspur was far less than what one would expect to find in the rumen contents of a poisoned animal. The PCR-based technique holds promise to diagnose larkspur and perhaps other toxic plant caused losses.
authors.affiliation: USDA ARS Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory , 1150 East 1400 North, Logan, Utah 84341, United States.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cook
authors.affiliation: USDA ARS Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory , 1150 East 1400 North, Logan, Utah 84341, United States.
authors.forename: James A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Pfister
authors.affiliation: USDA ARS Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory , 1150 East 1400 North, Logan, Utah 84341, United States.
authors.forename: John R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Constantino
authors.affiliation: USDA ARS Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory , 1150 East 1400 North, Logan, Utah 84341, United States.
authors.forename: Jessie M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Roper
authors.affiliation: USDA ARS Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory , 1150 East 1400 North, Logan, Utah 84341, United States.
authors.forename: Dale R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Gardner
authors.affiliation: USDA ARS Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory , 1150 East 1400 North, Logan, Utah 84341, United States.
authors.forename: Kevin D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Welch
authors.affiliation: USDA ARS Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory , 1150 East 1400 North, Logan, Utah 84341, United States.
authors.forename: Zachary J
authors.initials: ZJ
authors.lastname: Hammond
authors.affiliation: USDA ARS Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory , 1150 East 1400 North, Logan, Utah 84341, United States.
authors.forename: Benedict T
authors.initials: BT
authors.lastname: Green
keywords: Delphinium; PCR; diagnostic tool; poisoned; rumen