title: Evaluation of Pre-Malignant and Malignant Lesions in Cervico Vaginal (PAP) Smears by Nuclear Morphometry.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer occurring among women worldwide, with almost half a million new cases each year. Normal cells gradually transform to form cancer cells through several stages. So, the changes occurring during the transformational stages need to be assessed.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Our aim was to study various nuclear parameters useful in evaluating pre-malignant and malignant cervico-vaginal pap smears.
  
  
  METHODS
  Bethesda System was used to categorize cervical pap smears into premalignant and malignant lesions. Nuclear parameters were calculated using J 1.44C morphometric software. Several nuclear size parameters were analysed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The nuclear area, perimeter, diameter were found to be statistically significant (p<0.05) parameters in differentiating premalignant from malignant cervical smears.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Nuclear morphometry was thus a useful objective tool in differentiating premalignant from malignant cervical smears.
authors.affiliation: Resident, Department of Pathology, Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute , Bangalore, Karnataka, India .
authors.forename: Divya
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rani M N
authors.affiliation: Professor, Department of Pathology, Sapthagiri Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre , Bangalore, Karnataka, India .
authors.forename: Aparna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Narasimha
authors.affiliation: Professor and HOD, Department of Pathology, Sri Devraj Urs Academy of Higher Education and Research , Kolar, Karnataka, India .
authors.forename: Harendra
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kumar Ml
authors.affiliation: Professor, Department of Obstretics and Gynaecology, Sri Devarj Urs Academy of Higher Education and Researcg , Kolar, Karnataka, India .
authors.forename: Sheela
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sr
keywords: HSIL; LSIL; Nuclear morphometry; Squamous cell carcinoma