title: Hypertension modifies OPG, RANK, and RANKL expression during the dental socket bone healing process in spontaneously hypertensive rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to evaluate the dental socket bone healing process by histomorphometric and immunohistochemical analysis of osteoprotegerin (OPG), receptor activator of nuclear factor-κβ (RANK), and receptor activator of nuclear factor-κβ ligand (RANKL) proteins in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR).
  
  
  METHODS
  Under general anesthesia, 25 Wistar rats and 25 SHRs underwent upper right incisor extraction. Rats were euthanized after 7, 14, 21, 28, or 42 days of dental extractions. Histomorphometric and immunohistochemical analyses of OPG, RANK, and RANKL proteins were performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Histomorphometric results showed decreased bone healing and reduced bone trabecular thickness in SHRs. Immunohistochemical reactions showed intense RANKL and RANK immunolabeling at 14 and 28 postoperative days and mild OPG immunolabeling at 7, 14, and 21 days after surgery in SHRs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this study show that RANK, RANKL, and OPG immunolabeling was altered in SHRs, and these results are associated with bone healing delay and decreased trabecular thickness in SHRs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hypertension alters the expression of RANK, RANKL, and OPG and delays the socket bone healing process. These alterations could influence some dental procedures such as orthodontic treatment and implant placement.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric and Social Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Araçatuba, UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil, namanrique@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Natalia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Manrique
authors.forename: Cassiano Costa Silva
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.forename: Eloá Rodrigues
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Luvizuto
authors.forename: Maria Del Pilar Rodriguez
authors.initials: Mdel P
authors.lastname: Sánchez
authors.forename: Tetuo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Okamoto
authors.forename: Roberta
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Okamoto
authors.forename: Doris H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Sumida
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Antoniali
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016723:Bone Remodeling / Q000502:physiology; D006973:Hypertension / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007180:Incisor; D053245:RANK Ligand / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D011918:Rats, Inbred SHR; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D053246:Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism*; D014081:Tooth Extraction; D020390:Tooth Socket / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000601:surgery*; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D053245:RANK Ligand; D053246:Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor-kappa B