title: The effects of golf training in patients with stroke: a pilot study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Stroke is the most common neurological disease and the primary cause of lifelong disability in industrialized countries. Because of this it is important to investigate any kind of successful therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  From the 24 recruited stroke patients who were between 23 and 72 years old, 14 patients were separated either in a golf training group (EG), or a social communication meeting (CG). Both groups met for one hour sessions, twice a week, for ten weeks. All participants completed assessment tests before and after the experimental period: cognitive tests measuring attention (Go/No-Go task), visual-spatial memory (Block-Tapping test) and mental rotation performance (MRT); a balance test (Berg Balance Scale), and an emotional well-being test (CES-D-Scale).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results show that both groups improved in the CES Scale, the block-tapping test and the balance test. In addition, stroke patients who received a golf training showed a significant improvement in the MRT comparing to the control group (CG).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It is indicated that golf training can improve visual imagery ability in stroke patients, even late after stroke.
authors.affiliation: Institute of sport science,University of Regensburg,Germany.
authors.forename: Tobias
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Schachten
authors.affiliation: Institute of sport science,University of Regensburg,Germany.
authors.forename: Petra
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Jansen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D006055:Golf / Q000193:education / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011597:Psychomotor Performance; D013028:Space Perception; D000071939:Stroke Rehabilitation; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: visual-spatial cognition