title: Early estimates of seasonal influenza vaccine effectiveness - United States, January 2015.
abstract: In the United States, annual vaccination against seasonal influenza is recommended for all persons aged ≥6 months. Each season since 2004-05, CDC has estimated the effectiveness of seasonal influenza vaccine in preventing medically attended acute respiratory illness (ARI) associated with laboratory-confirmed influenza. This season, early estimates of influenza vaccine effectiveness are possible because of widespread, early circulation of influenza viruses. By January 3, 2015, 46 states were experiencing widespread flu activity, with predominance of influenza A (H3N2) viruses. This report presents an initial estimate of seasonal influenza vaccine effectiveness at preventing laboratory-confirmed influenza virus infection associated with medically attended ARI based on data from 2,321 children and adults enrolled in the U.S. Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness Network (Flu VE) during November 10, 2014-January 2, 2015. During this period, overall vaccine effectiveness (VE) (adjusted for study site, age, sex, race/ethnicity, self-rated health, and days from illness onset to enrollment) against laboratory-confirmed influenza associated with medically attended ARI was 23% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 8%-36%). Most influenza infections were due to A (H3N2) viruses. This interim VE estimate is relatively low compared with previous seasons when circulating viruses and vaccine viruses were well-matched and likely reflects the fact that more than two-thirds of circulating A (H3N2) viruses are antigenically and genetically different (drifted) from the A (H3N2) vaccine component of 2014-15 Northern Hemisphere seasonal influenza vaccines. These early, low VE estimates underscore the need for ongoing influenza prevention and treatment measures. CDC continues to recommend influenza vaccination because the vaccine can still prevent some infections with the currently circulating A (H3N2) viruses as well as other viruses that might circulate later in the season, including influenza B viruses. Even when VE is reduced, vaccination still prevents some illness and serious influenza-related complications, including thousands of hospitalizations and deaths. Persons aged ≥6 months who have not yet been vaccinated this season should be vaccinated, including persons who might already have been ill with influenza this season.
authors.forename: Brendan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Flannery
authors.forename: Jessie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Clippard
authors.forename: Richard K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Zimmerman
authors.forename: Mary Patricia
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Nowalk
authors.forename: Michael L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Jackson
authors.forename: Lisa A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Jackson
authors.forename: Arnold S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Monto
authors.forename: Joshua G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Petrie
authors.forename: Huong Q
authors.initials: HQ
authors.lastname: McLean
authors.forename: Edward A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Belongia
authors.forename: Manjusha
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gaglani
authors.forename: LaShondra
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Berman
authors.forename: Angie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Foust
authors.forename: Wendy
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Sessions
authors.forename: Swathi N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Thaker
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Spencer
authors.forename: Alicia M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Fry
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D053122:Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D009981:Influenza B virus / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D007252:Influenza Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000276:immunology; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011159:Population Surveillance; D012141:Respiratory Tract Infections / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000821:virology; D012621:Seasons; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D014611:Vaccination / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D007252:Influenza Vaccines