title: S100 and annexin proteins identify cell membrane damage as the Achilles heel of metastatic cancer cells.
abstract: Mechanical activity of cells and the stress imposed on them by extracellular environment is a constant source of injury to the plasma membrane (PM). In invasive tumor cells, increased motility together with the harsh environment of the tumor stroma further increases the risk of PM injury. The impact of these stresses on tumor cell plasma membrane and mechanism by which tumor cells repair the PM damage are poorly understood. Ca(2+) entry through the injured PM initiates repair of the PM. Depending on the cell type, different organelles and proteins respond to this Ca(2+) entry and facilitate repair of the damaged plasma membrane. We recently identified that proteins expressed in various metastatic cancers including Ca(2+)-binding EF hand protein S100A11 and its binding partner annexin A2 are used by tumor cells for plasma membrane repair (PMR). Here we will discuss the involvement of S100, annexin proteins and their regulation of actin cytoskeleton, leading to PMR. Additionally, we will show that another S100 member--S100A4 accumulates at the injured PM. These findings reveal a new role for the S100 and annexin protein up regulation in metastatic cancers and identify these proteins and PMR as targets for treating metastatic cancers.
authors.affiliation: a Center for Genetic Medicine Research ; Children's National Medical Center ; Washington , DC USA.
authors.forename: Jyoti K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Jaiswal
authors.forename: Jesper
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nylandsted
mesh_terms: D008841:Actin Cytoskeleton / Q000378:metabolism*; D017306:Annexin A2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000473:pathology*; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008954:Models, Biological; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology*; D009418:S100 Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D017306:Annexin A2; D009418:S100 Proteins; C072337:S100A11 protein, human; D002118:Calcium
keywords: Annexin A2; Metastasis; S100 proteins; S100A11; actin; annexins; breast cancer; cancer; plasma membrane repair