title: Controlling the fire--tissue-specific mechanisms of effector regulatory T-cell homing.
abstract: Regulatory T cells have essential roles in regulating immune responses and limiting inappropriate inflammation. Evidence now indicates that to achieve this function, regulatory T cells must be able to migrate to the most appropriate locations within both lymphoid and non-lymphoid organs. This function is achieved via the spatiotemporally controlled expression of adhesion molecules and chemokine receptors, varying according to the developmental stage of the regulatory T cell and the location and environment where they undergo activation. In this Review, we summarise information on the roles of adhesion molecules and chemokine receptors in mediating regulatory T-cell migration and function throughout the body under homeostatic and inflammatory conditions. In addition, we review recent studies that have used in vivo imaging to examine the actions of regulatory T cells in vivo, in lymph nodes, in the microvasculature and in the interstitium of peripheral organs. These studies reveal that the capacity of regulatory T cells to undergo selective migration serves a critical role in their ability to suppress immune responses. As such, the cellular and molecular requirements of regulatory T-cell migration need to be completely understood to enable the most effective use of these cells in clinical settings.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash University Department of Medicine, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: Zachary
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Chow
authors.affiliation: Centre for Cancer Research, MIMR-PHI Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: Ashish
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Banerjee
authors.affiliation: Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash University Department of Medicine, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Hickey
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules / Q000378:metabolism*; D002465:Cell Movement; D006706:Homeostasis; D006801:Humans; D056747:Immunomodulation; D007249:Inflammation / Q000276:immunology*; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D009928:Organ Specificity; D019707:Receptors, Chemokine / Q000378:metabolism; D016201:Receptors, Lymphocyte Homing / Q000378:metabolism*; D050378:T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; D019707:Receptors, Chemokine; D016201:Receptors, Lymphocyte Homing