title: Hypolipidemic and anti-atherogenic effect of aqueous extract leaves of Ficus glumosa (Moraceae) in rats.
abstract: Leaves of Ficus glumosa are used in northern Cameroon and southern Chad for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases, as food and as a stimulant for milk production in both women and animals. Atherosclerosis is a disease in which frequency increases with age. The first lesions appear at the young subject during adolescence. Atherosclerosis lesions appear very precociously and worsen with age. They interest the levels chronologically aortic, coronary then carotid. Age is a risk factor in that it reflects the exposure time of individual to the other risk factors. The frequency of the atherosclerosis increases with age because of the aging of the cells. This study was undertaken to evaluate the hypolipidemic and anti-atherosclerotic properties of aqueous extract of the leaves of F. glumosa in rats with hypercholesterolemia (HC). 60 male rats were fed for 4 weeks with a high-cholesterol diet (1%) and 3 doses (225, 300 and 375 mg/kg) of extract of F. glumosa were used in these experiments. The experiments were conducted under the same conditions with atorvastatin (1 mg/kg), as pharmacological reference substance. The effects of F. glumosa on weight gain, water and food consumption, levels of serum lipids and lipoprotein lipid oxidation and stress markers in the blood and liver were examined. The administration of F. glumosa extract prevented significant (P<0.05) elevation in TC, LDL-c, VLDL-c, hepatic and aortic TG and TC. The atherogenic, triglyceride, and lipid peroxidation (TBARS) indexes were also decreased in the rats treated with the extract. F. glumosa favored the performance of fecal cholesterol. It also significantly inhibited the changes and the formation of aortic atherosclerotic plaques. These results revealed the hypolipidemic and antiatherosclerotic effects of F. glumosa extract and support the traditional use of the extract of this plant in the treatment of hypertension and diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Ngaoundéré, PO Box 454, Cameroon. Electronic address: ntchapda71@yahoo.fr.
authors.forename: Fidele
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ntchapda
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Ngaoundéré, PO Box 454, Cameroon.
authors.forename: Abakar
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Djedouboum
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Ngaoundéré, PO Box 454, Cameroon.
authors.forename: Emmanuel
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Talla
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Ngaoundéré, PO Box 454, Cameroon.
authors.forename: Sélestin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sokeng Dongmo
authors.affiliation: School of Wood, Water and Natural Resources, Faculty of Agriculture and Agricultural Sciences, University of Dschang, Ebolowa Campus, PO Box 786, Ebolowa, Cameroon.
authors.forename: Paulin
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Nana
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montréal, 2960, Chemin de la Tour, Pavillon Paul-G. Desmarais, Montréal, Québec H3T 1J4, Canada.
authors.forename: Hamadjida
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Adjia
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Nutrition, National School of Agro-industrial Science, University of Ngaoundéré, PO Box 455, Cameroon.
authors.forename: Richard Marcel
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Nguimbou
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Ngaoundéré, PO Box 454, Cameroon.
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bonabe
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Ngaoundéré, PO Box 454, Cameroon.
authors.forename: Samuel
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gaimatakon
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Ngaoundéré, PO Box 454, Cameroon.
authors.forename: Nicolas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Njintang Yanou
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, PO Box 812, Cameroon.
authors.forename: Théophile
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Dimo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D004326:Drinking / Q000187:drug effects; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical / Q000379:methods; D004435:Eating / Q000187:drug effects; D030681:Ficus / Q000737:chemistry; D006937:Hypercholesterolemia / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D000960:Hypolipidemic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008517:Phytotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D000960:Hypolipidemic Agents; D008055:Lipids; D010936:Plant Extracts
keywords: Anti-atherosclerotic; Ficus glumosa; Histopathology; Hypolipidemic; Lipid peroxidation TBARS