title: Petroselinum crispum has antioxidant properties, protects against DNA damage and inhibits proliferation and migration of cancer cells.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Petroselinum crispum (English parsley) is a common herb of the Apiaceae family that is cultivated throughout the world and is widely used as a seasoning condiment. Studies have shown its potential as a medicinal herb. In this study, P. crispum leaf and stem extracts were evaluated for their antioxidant properties, protection against DNA damage in normal 3T3-L1 cells, and the inhibition of proliferation and migration of the MCF-7 cells.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The dichloromethane extract of P. crispum exhibited the highest phenolic content (42.31 ± 0.50 mg GAE g(-1) ) and ferric reducing ability (0.360 ± 0.009 mmol g(-1) ) of the various extractions performed. The extract showed DPPH radical scavenging activity with an IC50 value of 3310.0 ± 80.5 µg mL(-1) . Mouse fibroblasts (3T3-L1) pre-treated with 400 µg mL(-1) of the extract showed 50.9% protection against H2 O2 -induced DNA damage, suggesting its potential in cancer prevention. The extract (300 µg mL(-1) ) inhibited H2 O2 -induced MCF-7 cell migration by 41% ± 4%. As cell migration is necessary for metastasis of cancer cells, inhibition of migration is an indication of protection against metastasis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Petroselinum crispum has health-promoting properties with the potential to prevent oxidative stress-related diseases and can be developed into functional food.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Natural Products and Drug Discovery (CENAR) and Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Esther Lai-Har
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4353-9594
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: Centre for Natural Products and Drug Discovery (CENAR) and Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Jayakumar
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rajarajeswaran
authors.affiliation: Centre for Natural Products and Drug Discovery (CENAR) and Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: ShinYee
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fung
authors.affiliation: Centre for Natural Products and Drug Discovery (CENAR) and Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: M S
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3404-3178
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Kanthimathi
mesh_terms: D041721:3T3-L1 Cells; D000818:Animals; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds / Q000378:metabolism; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects*; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects*; D004247:DNA / Q000187:drug effects; D004249:DNA Damage; D005260:Female; D055951:Functional Food; D006801:Humans; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000378:metabolism; D061986:MCF-7 Cells; D051379:Mice; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis / Q000517:prevention & control; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D028528:Petroselinum / Q000737:chemistry*; D010636:Phenols / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010851:Picrates / Q000378:metabolism; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018515:Plant Leaves
chemical_list: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D000975:Antioxidants; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds; D010636:Phenols; D010851:Picrates; D010936:Plant Extracts; D004247:DNA; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; C004931:1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl
keywords: DNA protection; MCF-7 cell migration; Petroselinum crispum; antioxidant activity; antiproliferative activity; hydrogen peroxide