title: Electrochemical red-ox therapy of prostate cancer in nude mice.
abstract: Minimally invasive therapies are increasingly in demand for organ-confined prostate tumors. Electrochemical therapy (EChT) is attractive, as it relies on locally-induced reduction-oxidation reactions to kill tumor cells. Its efficacy for prostate cancer was assessed in human PC-3 and LNCaP tumor xenografts growing subcutaneously in nude mice (n = 80) by applying 2 Stainless Steel vs. 4 Platinum-Iridium (Pt-Ir) electrodes to deliver current densities of 10 to 35 mA/cm(2) for 30 or 60 min. The procedure was uneventful in 90% of mice. No difference in tumor vs. body temperature was observed. Changes at electrode-tumor junctions were immediate, with dryness and acidity (pH2-3) at the anode and oedema and alkalinity (pH10-12) at the cathode. This was accompanied by cellular alterations, found more pronounced at the cathode. Such acidic and alkaline conditions were cytotoxic in vitro and dissolved cells at pH>10. In mice, tumor destruction was extensive by 24h with almost undetectable blood prostate specific antigen (LNCaP model) and covered the whole tumor surface by 4 days. EChT was most efficient at 25-30 mA/cm(2) for 60 min, yielding the longest recurrence-free survival and higher cure rates, especially with 4 Pt-Ir electrodes. EChT is a promising option to optimize for organ-confined prostate tumors.
authors.affiliation: Urologic-Oncology Research Laboratory, McGill University Health Center Research Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Division of Radiation Oncology, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
authors.forename: Fabio L
authors.initials: FL
authors.lastname: Cury
authors.affiliation: Division of Urology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Bimal
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bhindi
authors.affiliation: Urologic-Oncology Research Laboratory, McGill University Health Center Research Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
authors.forename: Joice
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rocha
authors.affiliation: Urologic-Oncology Research Laboratory, McGill University Health Center Research Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
authors.forename: Eleonora
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Scarlata
authors.affiliation: Urologic-Oncology Research Laboratory, McGill University Health Center Research Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
authors.forename: Katia
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: El Jurdi
authors.affiliation: Institut de Recherche d'Hydro Québec (IREQ), Varennes, Quebec, Canada.
authors.forename: Michel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ladouceur
authors.affiliation: Institut de Recherche d'Hydro Québec (IREQ), Varennes, Quebec, Canada.
authors.forename: Stéphane
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Beauregard
authors.affiliation: Institut de Recherche d'Hydro Québec (IREQ), Varennes, Quebec, Canada.
authors.forename: Ashok K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Vijh
authors.affiliation: Division of Urology, Dept. of Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
authors.forename: Yosh
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Taguchi
authors.affiliation: Urologic-Oncology Research Laboratory, McGill University Health Center Research Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Division of Urology, Dept. of Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Electronic address: simone.chevalier@mcgill.ca.
authors.forename: Simone
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chevalier
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002471:Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; D004599:Electric Stimulation Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D004563:Electrochemistry; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: Electrochemical redox therapy; Minimally invasive therapy; Prostate cancer; Prostate tumors; Tissue destruction; Tumor electrolysis