title: Quantitative analysis of variable extent of anterior clinoidectomy with intradural and extradural approaches: 3-dimensional analysis and cadaver dissection.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Drilling of the anterior clinoid process (ACP) is an integral component of surgical approaches for central and paracentral skull base lesions. The technique to drill ACP has evolved from pure intradural to extradural and combined techniques.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To describe the computerized morphometric evaluation of exposure of optic nerve and internal carotid artery with proposed tailored intradural (IDAC) and complete extradural (EDAC) anterior clinoidectomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  We describe a morphometric subdivision of ACP into 4 quadrangles and 1 triangle on the basis of fixed bony landmarks. Computerized volumetric analysis with 3-dimensional laser scanning of dry-drilled bones for respective tailored IDAC and EDAC was performed. Both approaches were compared for the area and length of the optic nerve and internal carotid artery. Five cadaver heads were dissected on alternate sides with intradural and extradural techniques to evaluate exposure, surgical freedom, and angulation of approach.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Complete anterior clinoidectomy provides a 2.5-times larger area and 2.7-times larger volume of ACP. Complete clinoidectomy deroofed the optic nerve to an equal extent as by proposed the partial tailored clinoidectomy approach. Tailored IDAC exposes only the distal dural ring, whereas complete EDAC exposes both the proximal and distal dural rings with complete exposure of the carotid cave.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Quantitative comparative evaluation provides details of exposure and surgical ease with both techniques. We promote hybrid/EDAC technique for vascular pathologies because of better anatomic orientation. Extradural clinoidectomy is the preferred technique for midline cranial neoplasia. An awareness of different variations of clinoidectomy can prevent dependency on any particular approach and facilitate flexibility.
authors.affiliation: *Department of Neurosurgery, §Department of Anatomy, and ¶Department of Forensic Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India; ‡Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Manjul
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tripathi
authors.forename: Rama Chandra
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Deo
authors.forename: Natesan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Damodaran
authors.forename: Ashish
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Suri
authors.forename: Vinkle
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Srivastav
authors.forename: Britty
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Baby
authors.forename: Ramandeep
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: Subodh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: Prem
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kalra
authors.forename: Subhashis
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Banerjee
authors.forename: Sanjiva
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Prasad
authors.forename: Kolin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Paul
authors.forename: Tara Sankar
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Roy
authors.forename: Sanjeev
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lalwani
authors.forename: Bhawani Shanker
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Sharma
mesh_terms: D002102:Cadaver; D002343:Carotid Artery, Internal / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D019291:Skull Base / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000601:surgery*; D013100:Sphenoid Bone / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000601:surgery*