title: Chronic unpredictable mild stress decreases BDNF and NGF levels and Na(+),K(+)-ATPase activity in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex of mice: antidepressant effect of chrysin.
abstract: Our working hypothesis is that brain neurotrophins and brain Na(+),K(+)-ATPase may be strongly associated with the occurrence of depression in animals subjected to chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS). Still, we believe that chrysin, a natural and bioactive flavonoid found in honey and some plants, can provide satisfactory effects on antidepressant therapy. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the effect of CUMS on brain-derived neurotropic factor (BDNF) and nerve growth factor (NGF) levels as well as the Na(+),K(+)-ATPase activity in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex of female mice. We also aimed to examine the effect of a 28-day oral treatment with chrysin (5 or 20mg/kg) in female mice subjected to CUMS, comparing to the effect of fluoxetine. Results showed that CUMS applied for 28days induced a decrease in BDNF and NGF levels as well as in the Na(+),K(+)-ATPase activity. CUMS also promoted a depressive status in the swimming forced test (FST), in the sucrose preference test, and in corticosterone levels. Chrysin (20mg/kg) and fluoxetine also occasioned the up-regulation of BDNF and NGF levels in non-stressed mice and in mice subjected to CUMS. CUMS decreased non-protein thiol (NPSH) levels and increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. In response to these changes, the glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and catalase (CAT) activities were increased in mice exposed to CUMS. Chrysin and fluoxetine treatments protected against all these alterations, suggesting the involvement of the antioxidant function in the antidepressant effect of chrysin and fluoxetine. In conclusion, CUMS decreased BDNF and NGF levels as well as the Na(+),K(+)-ATPase activity in mice. Chrysin presented antidepressant effect in mice on behavioral, neurotrophic and biochemistry parameters equivalent to fluoxetine. Furthermore, we suggest that the up-regulation of BDNF and NGF levels is a mechanism possibly involved in the antidepressant effect of chrysin in mice.
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Avaliações Farmacológicas e Toxicológicas Aplicadas às Moléculas Bioativas, LaftamBio Pampa, Universidade Federal do Pampa, CEP 97650-000 Itaqui, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: C B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Filho
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Avaliações Farmacológicas e Toxicológicas Aplicadas às Moléculas Bioativas, LaftamBio Pampa, Universidade Federal do Pampa, CEP 97650-000 Itaqui, RS, Brazil. Electronic address: cristianoricardojesse@yahoo.com.br.
authors.forename: C R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Jesse
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Avaliações Farmacológicas e Toxicológicas Aplicadas às Moléculas Bioativas, LaftamBio Pampa, Universidade Federal do Pampa, CEP 97650-000 Itaqui, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Donato
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Avaliações Farmacológicas e Toxicológicas Aplicadas às Moléculas Bioativas, LaftamBio Pampa, Universidade Federal do Pampa, CEP 97650-000 Itaqui, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Giacomeli
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Avaliações Farmacológicas e Toxicológicas Aplicadas às Moléculas Bioativas, LaftamBio Pampa, Universidade Federal do Pampa, CEP 97650-000 Itaqui, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Del Fabbro
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Avaliações Farmacológicas e Toxicológicas Aplicadas às Moléculas Bioativas, LaftamBio Pampa, Universidade Federal do Pampa, CEP 97650-000 Itaqui, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: da Silva Antunes
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Avaliações Farmacológicas e Toxicológicas Aplicadas às Moléculas Bioativas, LaftamBio Pampa, Universidade Federal do Pampa, CEP 97650-000 Itaqui, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: de Gomes
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Avaliações Farmacológicas e Toxicológicas Aplicadas às Moléculas Bioativas, LaftamBio Pampa, Universidade Federal do Pampa, CEP 97650-000 Itaqui, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: A T R
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Goes
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Avaliações Farmacológicas e Toxicológicas Aplicadas às Moléculas Bioativas, LaftamBio Pampa, Universidade Federal do Pampa, CEP 97650-000 Itaqui, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: S P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Boeira
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Avaliações Farmacológicas e Toxicológicas Aplicadas às Moléculas Bioativas, LaftamBio Pampa, Universidade Federal do Pampa, CEP 97650-000 Itaqui, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Prigol
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Avaliações Farmacológicas e Toxicológicas Aplicadas às Moléculas Bioativas, LaftamBio Pampa, Universidade Federal do Pampa, CEP 97650-000 Itaqui, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: L C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Souza
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000928:Antidepressive Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology; D019208:Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor / Q000378:metabolism*; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003345:Corticosterone / Q000378:metabolism; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000494:pharmacology; D005473:Fluoxetine / Q000494:pharmacology; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D005980:Glutathione Reductase / Q000378:metabolism; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D020932:Nerve Growth Factor / Q000378:metabolism*; D017397:Prefrontal Cortex / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D000254:Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase / Q000378:metabolism*; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism*; D035501:Uncertainty; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000928:Antidepressive Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D019208:Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; D005419:Flavonoids; D005473:Fluoxetine; C043561:chrysin; D020932:Nerve Growth Factor; D002374:Catalase; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D005980:Glutathione Reductase; D000254:Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase; D003345:Corticosterone
keywords: chronic stress; corticosterone; depression; flavonoid; oxidative stress