title: Reducing environmental tobacco smoke exposure of preschool children: a randomized controlled trial of class-based health education and smoking cessation counseling for caregivers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess counseling to caregivers and classroom health education interventions to reduce environmental tobacco smoke exposure of children aged 5-6 years in China.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a randomized controlled trial in two preschools in Changsha, China, 65 children aged 5-6 years old and their smoker caregivers (65) were randomly assigned to intervention (n = 33) and control (no intervention) groups (n = 32). In the intervention group, caregivers received self-help materials and smoking cessation counseling from a trained counselor, while their children were given classroom-based participatory health education. Children's urinary cotinine level and the point prevalence of caregiver quitting were measured at baseline and after 6 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At the 6-month follow-up, children's urinary cotinine was significantly lower (Z = -3.136; p = 0.002) and caregivers' 7-day quit rate was significantly higher (34.4% versus 0%) (p < 0.001; adjusted OR = 1.13; 95% CI: 1.02-1.26) in the intervention than control group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Helping caregivers quitting smoke combined with classroom-based health education was effective in reducing children's environmental tobacco smoke exposure. Larger-scale trials are warranted.
authors.affiliation: Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, Hunan, China. xjwangyun@csu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Yun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Changsha 410004, Hunan, China. huangzqq@126.com.
authors.forename: Zhiqiang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, Hunan, China. ym8342@163.com.
authors.forename: Mei
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, Hunan, China. bengbu_wangfuzhi@126.com.
authors.forename: Fuzhi
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, Hunan, China. xiaosy@csu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Shuiyuan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Xiao
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017028:Caregivers / Q000193:education*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002681:China; D003367:Cotinine / Q000652:urine; D003376:Counseling; D005260:Female; D006266:Health Education; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016540:Smoking Cessation / Q000523:psychology; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution; D003367:Cotinine