title: Comparison between DICOM-calibrated and uncalibrated consumer grade and 6-MP displays under different lighting conditions in panoramic radiography.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare observer performance in the detection of anatomical structures and pathology in panoramic radiographs using consumer grade with and without digital imaging and communication in medicine (DICOM)-calibration and 6-megapixel (6-MP) displays under different lighting conditions.
  
  
  METHODS
  30 panoramic radiographs were randomly evaluated on three displays under bright (510 lx) and dim (16 lx) ambient lighting by two observers with different years of experience. Dentinoenamel junction, dentinal caries and periapical inflammatory lesions, visibility of cortical border of the floor and pathological lesions in maxillary sinus were evaluated. Consensus between the observers was considered as reference. Intraobserver agreement was determined. Proportion of equivalent ratings and weighted kappa were used to assess reliability. The level of significance was set to p < 0.05.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The proportion of equivalent ratings with consensus differed between uncalibrated and DICOM-calibrated consumer grade displays in dentinal caries in the lower molar in dim lighting (p = 0.021) and between DICOM-calibrated consumer grade and 6-MP display in bright lighting (p = 0.038) for an experienced observer. Significant differences were found between uncalibrated and DICOM-calibrated consumer grade displays in dentinal caries in bright lighting (p = 0.044) and periapical lesions in the upper molar in dim lighting (p = 0.008) for a less experienced observer. Intraobserver reliability was better at detecting dentinal caries than at detecting periapical and maxillary sinus pathology.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  DICOM calibration may improve observer performance in panoramic radiography in different lighting conditions. Therefore, a DICOM-calibrated consumer grade display can be used instead of a medical display in dental practice without compromising the diagnostic quality.
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kallio-Pulkkinen
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Haapea
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Liukkonen
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Huumonen
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Tervonen
authors.forename: M T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Nieminen
mesh_terms: D002138:Calibration; D003626:Data Display / Q000592:standards*; D006801:Humans; D008029:Lighting; D019252:Radiography, Dental, Digital; D011862:Radiography, Panoramic; D015203:Reproducibility of Results
keywords: ambient light; calibration; digital radiography; display; panoramic radiography