title: Placement of long-term hemodialysis catheter (permcath) in patients with end-stage renal disease through external jugular vein.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The number of patients with End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) has progressively increased in the population. Kidney transplantation is the specific treatment for such patients; however a majority of patients will require hemodialysis before kidney transplantation. The present study aims to investigate using the external jugular vein (EJV) for Permcath placement in these patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  This descriptive and analytical study was conducted in Alzahra Medical Center, Isfahan, in 2012. Catheters were inserted by cutting down the right EJV. The patency rate and potential complications were studied. The obtained data was analyzed using SPSS 21.0.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Out of 45 live patients, within three months of surgery, 40 patients (81.6%) had no complications and dialysis continued through Permcath. Permcath Thrombosis occurred in two patients (4.4%). Catheter infection led to the removal of it in one patient (2.2%) 1.5 months after surgery. And accidental catheter removal occurred in one patient.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Placement of the permcath in the external jugular vein can be a safe, uncomplicated, and reliable method for patients requiring hemodialysis, and can be a life-saving alternative in patients without accessible internal jugular vein.
authors.affiliation: Department of Vascular Surgery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Alzahra Hospital, Isfahan, Iran.
authors.forename: Ali Akbar
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Beigi
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Alzahra Hospital, Isfahan, Iran.
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sharifi
authors.affiliation: Department of Vascular Surgery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Alzahra Hospital, Isfahan, Iran.
authors.forename: Hafez
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gaheri
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Alzahra Hospital, Isfahan, Iran.
authors.forename: Saeed
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Abdollahi
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Alzahra Hospital, Isfahan, Iran.
authors.forename: Morteza Abdar
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Esfahani
keywords: Access; Permcath; patients with End-Stage Renal Disease