title: Microencapsulation of alginate-immobilized bagasse with Lactobacillus rhamnosus NRRL 442: enhancement of survivability and thermotolerance.
abstract: The aim of this research was to enhance the survivability of Lactobacillus rhamnosus NRRL 442 against heat exposure via a combination of immobilization and microencapsulation processes using sugarcane bagasse (SB) and sodium alginate (NaA), respectively. The microcapsules were synthesized using different alginate concentration of 1, 2 and 3% and NaA:SB ratio of 1:0, 1:1 and 1:1.5. This beneficial step of probiotic immobilization before microencapsulation significantly enhanced microencapsulation efficiency and cell survivability after heat exposure of 90°C for 30s. Interestingly, the microcapsule of SB-immobilized probiotic could obtain protection from heat using microencapsulation of NaA concentration as low as 1%. SEM images illustrated the incorporation of immobilized L. rhamnosus within alginate matrices and its changes after heat exposure. FTIR spectra confirmed the change in functional bonding in the presence of sugarcane bagasse, probiotic and alginate. The results demonstrated a great potential in the synthesis of heat resistant microcapsules for probiotic.
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioprocess Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Skudai, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia. Electronic address: sshahrulzaman@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Shahrulzaman
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shaharuddin
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioprocess Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Skudai, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia; IJN-UTM Cardiovascular Engineering Centre, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Skudai, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia. Electronic address: idayu@cheme.utm.my.
authors.forename: Ida Idayu
authors.initials: II
authors.lastname: Muhamad
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological / Q000187:drug effects*; D000464:Alginates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002214:Capsules; D018914:Cells, Immobilized / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D002482:Cellulose / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004339:Drug Compounding / Q000379:methods*; D020723:Glucuronic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D006603:Hexuronic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology; D052201:Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects; D050296:Microbial Viability / Q000187:drug effects*; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D010316:Particle Size; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D013499:Surface Properties; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D000464:Alginates; D002214:Capsules; D006603:Hexuronic Acids; D020723:Glucuronic Acid; D002482:Cellulose; C027433:bagasse
keywords: Alginate; Bagasse; Encapsulation; Heat; Immobilization; Lactobacillus