title: Changes in the association between health complaint frequency and medicine use among adolescents in Scotland between 1998 and 2010.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Medicines have the potential to cause harm, particularly when adolescents do not follow recommendations for use. In addition, medicine use in adolescence has been shown to track into adulthood. There is therefore a strong rationale to monitor changes in adolescent medicine use over time and understand the mechanisms behind these changes
  
  
  METHODS
  Data from the 1998, 2006 and 2010 Scotland Health Behaviour in School-aged Children Survey were modelled using multilevel logistic regression, modelling medicine use for: headache, stomachache, sleeping difficulties and nervousness, as well as a combined medicine use measure. Models adjusted for year and frequency of health complaints to measure trends in medicine use, and an interaction term to measure the relationship between medicine use and health complaint frequency.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Medicine use reduced between 1998 and 2010. Hownever having the majority of the reduction was observed between 1998 and 2006 for all five outcomes. Adjustment for health complaint frequency only explained some of this reduction. When an interaction term was added between year and health complaint frequency this was significant for boys' medicine use, suggesting that health complaint frequency became a better predictor of medicine use with time. Medicine use for stomachache among girls increased over time, and this increase became more pronounced after adjustment for stomachache frequency.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Changes in health complaint frequency were only partly associated with reductions in medicine use between 1998 and 2010. Further monitoring of medicine use is recommended, particularly the use of medicine for sleep difficulties, and for stomachache among girls.
authors.affiliation: NHS GGC, Public Health Directorate, West House, Gartnavel Royal Hospital, Glasgow, UK; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute, Vienna, Austria. Electronic address: katyannlevin@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Kate Ann
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Levin
authors.affiliation: Child and Adolescent Health Research Unit, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK.
authors.forename: Ross
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Whitehead
authors.affiliation: Research Programme on Child and Adolescent Health, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark.
authors.forename: Anette
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Andersen
authors.affiliation: University of Dundee, School of Medicine, UK.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Levin
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Riga Stradins University, Latvia.
authors.forename: Inese
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Gobina
authors.affiliation: Research Programme on Child and Adolescent Health, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark.
authors.forename: Bjorn
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Holstein
mesh_terms: D015746:Abdominal Pain / Q000453:epidemiology*; D000293:Adolescent; D001007:Anxiety / Q000453:epidemiology*; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006261:Headache / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006295:Health Resources / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D012606:Scotland / Q000453:epidemiology; D007319:Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*
keywords: Adolescent; Health complaints; Medicine use; Scotland