title: Tissue gadolinium deposition in hepatorenally impaired rats exposed to Gd-EOB-DTPA: evaluation with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study was undertaken to quantify tissue gadolinium (Gd) deposition in hepatorenally impaired rats exposed to gadolinium ethoxybenzyl diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (Gd-EOB-DTPA) by means of inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and to compare differences in Gd distribution among major organs as possible triggers for nephrogenic systemic fibrosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Five hepatorenally impaired rats (5/6-nephrectomized, with carbon-tetrachloride-induced liver fibrosis) were injected with Gd-EOB-DTPA. Histological assessment was conducted and Gd content of the skin, liver, kidneys, lungs, heart, spleen, diaphragm, and femoral muscle was measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) at 7 days after last injection. In addition, five renally impaired rats were injected with Gd-EOB-DTPA and the degree of tissue Gd deposition was compared with that in the hepatorenally impaired rats.
  
  
  RESULTS
  ICP-MS analysis revealed significantly higher Gd deposition in the kidneys, spleen, and liver (p = 0.009-0.047) in the hepatorenally impaired group (42.6 ± 20.1, 17.2 ± 6.1, 8.4 ± 3.2 μg/g, respectively) than in the renally impaired group (17.2 ± 7.7, 5.4 ± 2.1, 2.8 ± 0.7 μg/g, respectively); no significant difference was found for other organs. In the hepatorenally impaired group, Gd was predominantly deposited in the kidneys, followed by the spleen, liver, lungs, skin, heart, diaphragm, and femoral muscle. Histopathological investigation revealed hepatic fibrosis in the hepatorenally impaired group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Compared with renally impaired rats, tissue Gd deposition in hepatorenally impaired rats exposed to Gd-EOB-DTPA was significantly increased in the kidneys, spleen, and liver, probably due to the impairment of the dual excretion pathways of the urinary and biliary systems.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Kawasaki Medical School, 577 Matsushima, Kurashiki, Okayama, 701-0192, Japan, tomohiro@med.kawasaki-m.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Tomohiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: Tsutomu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tamada
authors.forename: Shigeru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: Hirotake
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nishimura
authors.forename: Akihiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kanki
authors.forename: Yasufumi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Noda
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Higaki
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: Katsuyoshi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ito
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002252:Carbon Tetrachloride Poisoning / Q000378:metabolism; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism*; D005682:Gadolinium / Q000032:analysis*; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism*; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D008103:Liver Cirrhosis / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008107:Liver Diseases / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D009392:Nephrectomy; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; C073590:gadolinium ethoxybenzyl DTPA; D005682:Gadolinium; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA