title: Increased Maternal Serum Interleukin-6 Concentrations at 11 to 14 Weeks of Gestation in Low Risk Pregnancies Complicated with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: Development of a Prediction Model.
abstract: The aim of the study was to examine interleukin-6 (IL-6) maternal serum concentration at 11 to 14 gestational weeks in normal pregnancies and pregnancies complicated by gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and to create first trimester prediction models for GDM. Case-control study conducted in a Fetal Medicine Unit. Study population included 40 GDM cases and 94 controls. Maternal characteristics, first trimester ultrasound markers, biochemical indices, and IL-6 levels were used for our analysis. IL-6 was related to maternal weight among the maternal characteristics, (R(2)=0.0679, p=0.01). IL-6 was increased (p=0.001) in the GDM group (median=2 pg/ml) compared to the control group (median=1.5 pg/ml) even after adjustment for maternal weight. IL-6 was inversely related to birth weight adjusted for gestational age at delivery (r=-0.3382, p<0.001) and glucose levels at oral glucose test. Maternal weight and age were the only predictors of GDM among the maternal characteristics [Detection Rate (DR)=59.4%; for 25% False Positive Rate (FPR); Area Under the Curve (AUC)=0.7291; Model R(2)=0.1096, p<0.001]. IL-6 alone was a significant predictor of GDM (DR=51.3%; for 25% FPR; AUC=0.6731; Model R(2)=0.0616, p<0.001). Combination of maternal characteristics with IL-6 yielded an improved prediction (DR=67.5%; for 25% FPR; AUC=0.7586; Model R(2)=0.1521, p<0.001). IL-6 concentrations are increased at 11-14 weeks in pregnancies with GDM. Combination of maternal characteristics and maternal serum IL-6 levels may provide effective first trimester screening for GDM.
authors.affiliation: 2nd Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Athens Medical School, Aretaieio Hospital, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hassiakos
authors.affiliation: Embryocare, Fetal Medicine Unit, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Eleftheriades
authors.affiliation: Fetal Medicine Unit, 3rd Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Athens Medical School, Attikon University Hospital, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Papastefanou
authors.affiliation: 2nd Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Athens Medical School, Aretaieio Hospital, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Lambrinoudaki
authors.affiliation: 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Athens Medical School, Alexandra Hospital, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kappou
authors.affiliation: Bioiatriki SA, Hormone Laboratory, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lavranos
authors.affiliation: Roche Diagnostics (Hellas) S.A., Marousi, Greece.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Akalestos
authors.affiliation: 2nd Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Athens Medical School, Aretaieio Hospital, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Aravantinos
authors.affiliation: Childhood Obesity Clinic, 1st Department of Pediatrics, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Aghia Sophia Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pervanidou
authors.affiliation: 1st Department of Pediatrics, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Aghia Sophia Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Chrousos
mesh_terms: D001724:Birth Weight; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016640:Diabetes, Gestational / Q000097:blood* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D005189:False Positive Reactions; D005260:Female; D005865:Gestational Age; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D006801:Humans; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood*; D008954:Models, Biological; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D012307:Risk Factors; D014463:Ultrasonography
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; C508600:IL6 protein, human; D015850:Interleukin-6