title: Screening for Cushing's syndrome: is it worthwhile?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cushing's syndrome (CS) is a rare disease characterized by a collection of signs and symptoms, also common in the general population without elevated cortisol secretion. During the last years more patients with CS are identified earlier and with milder disease. Many of these patients are diagnosed during screening efforts performed for certain or isolated complaints like weight gain, diabetes mellitus (DM), hypertension, osteoporosis, elevated white blood cell counts and more.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this review article the most popular screening test performed in the studies cited was the 1-mg dexamethasone suppression test.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cushing is not frequent enough to support the use of routine screening in patients with morbid obesity and type 2 DM. Also only 1% of hypertensive patients have secondary hypertension due to CS. However, screening should be considered in young patients with resistant DM and/or hypertension. Among patients with osteoporosis and vertebral fractures up to 5% were diagnosed with subclinical hypercortisolism; most of these had adrenal adenoma. Screening for CS is important in subjects with adrenal incidentaloma, and many studies show a high prevalence (~10%) of Cushing or subclinical CS in these patients.
authors.affiliation: Rabin Medical Center, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Beilinson Hospital, 49100, Petach Tikva, Israel, ilanshi@clalit.org.il.
authors.forename: Ilan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Shimon
mesh_terms: D049913:ACTH-Secreting Pituitary Adenoma / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy; D000236:Adenoma / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy; D000304:Adrenal Cortex Function Tests; D015897:Comorbidity; D003907:Dexamethasone / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006801:Humans; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000379:methods*; D018579:Patient Selection; D047748:Pituitary ACTH Hypersecretion / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D003907:Dexamethasone