title: Inheritance, fitness costs, incomplete resistance and feeding preferences in a laboratory-selected MON810-resistant strain of the true armyworm Mythimna unipuncta.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The low efficacy of MON810 maize against Mythimna unipuncta represents a scenario of non-compliance with the 'high-dose' strategy, raising concerns about potential resistance development and outbreaks of this secondary pest. The present study offers insight into the different components related to resistance in a laboratory-selected MON810-resistant (MR) strain of M. unipuncta.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The resistance in the MR strain is autosomal and inherited as a partially dominant trait. We have found a lack of fitness costs in this strain for essential life history traits, reproductive potential and most of the population growth parameters analysed, the only exception being an increment in the mean generation time. Larvae of the MR strain reared on Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) maize took longer to develop, presented a high adult cumulative emergence time and had lower growth rate than those reared on non-Bt maize, suggesting the existence of incomplete resistance. Feeding preference assays reveal a low discrimination between Bt and conventional maize.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both resistant and heterozygous larvae of M. unipuncta survive the Cry1Ab toxin expressed on Bt maize, with a weak fitness cost for the homozygous larvae, indicating the potential risk of field-evolved resistance and its relevance to resistance monitoring. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Matías
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: García
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Félix
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ortego
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Pedro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hernández-Crespo
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Gema P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Farinós
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Pedro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Castañera
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001413:Bacillus thuringiensis; D004731:Endotoxins; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005656:Fungal Proteins; D056084:Genetic Fitness; D006460:Hemolysin Proteins; D007305:Insecticide Resistance; D007814:Larva / Q000254:growth & development; D009036:Moths / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified; D003313:Zea mays / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D004731:Endotoxins; D005656:Fungal Proteins; D006460:Hemolysin Proteins; C051237:REP protein, yeast plasmid
keywords: Bt corn; Cry1Ab toxin; resistance management; secondary pest; true armyworm