title: Socioeconomic differentials in smoking duration among adult male smokers in China: result from the 2006 China Health and Nutrition Survey.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A smoker's risk of diseases and death from smoking is closely related to his/her smoking duration. But little is known about the average length of smoking and the association between smoking duration and socio-economic status (SES) among Chinese smokers.
  
  
  METHODS
  A sample of male ever smokers (N = 2,637) aged 18+ years was drawn from the 2006 China Health and Nutrition Survey to examine the average length of smoking and socioeconomic differentials in smoking duration. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to obtain median smoking duration. Log-logistic regression models were employed to estimate the relative duration of smoking, adjusted for demographic characteristics, smoking history, and health status.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Results showed that Chinese male ever smokers aged 18 years and older had a median duration of smoking of 58 years (95% CI: 56-61). Male ever smokers with a lower status job (i.e. farmers, manual and skilled workers, service workers, and office staff) had a significantly longer duration of smoking than those with a professional or administrative job after adjusted for demographic characteristics, smoking history, and health status. Individuals who earned the lowest income and who had no education or were being illiterate smoked for 11% and 14% longer, respectively, relative to those who had the highest income or who had college or above education.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings demonstrated the problem of long smoking duration and a pattern of social disparities in smoking duration among Chinese male smokers. Social disparities in smoking behavior may exacerbate the already existing social inequalities in health. Thus, policies and interventions to promote smoking cessation should pay more attention to disadvantaged social groups.
authors.affiliation: Independent Researcher, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: School of Social Development and Public Policy, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Zhihong
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Sa
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002681:China; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003710:Demography; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D007182:Income; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009749:Nutrition Surveys; D012907:Smoking; D012923:Social Class; D013997:Time Factors; D014029:Tobacco Use Disorder / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology*; D055815:Young Adult