title: A new classification of cochleovestibular malformations and implications for predicting speech perception ability after cochlear implantation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aims of this study were to introduce a new classification of cochleovestibular malformation (CVM) and to investigate how well this classification can predict speech perception ability after cochlear implantation in children with CVM.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-nine children with CVM who had used a cochlear implant for more than 3 years were included. CVM was classified into 4 subtypes based on the morphology of the cochlea and the modiolus on temporal bone computed tomography (TBCT): normal cochlea and normal modiolus (type A, n = 16), malformed cochlea and partial modiolus (type B, n = 31), malformed cochlea and no modiolus (type C, n = 6), and no cochlea and no modiolus (type D, n = 6). Speech perception test scores were compared between the subtypes of CVM using analysis of covariance with post hoc Bonferroni test. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were used to identify the significant predictors of the speech perception test scores.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The speech perception test scores after implantation were significantly better in children with CVM type A or type B than in children with CVM type C or type D. The test scores did not differ significantly between the implanted children with CVM type A or type B and those without CVM. In univariate regression analysis, the type of CVM was a significant predictor of the speech perception test scores in implanted children with CVM. Multivariate regression analysis revealed that the age at cochlear implantation, cochlear nerve size and preimplantation speech perception test scores were significant predictors of the postimplantation speech perception test scores. The chance of cochlear nerve deficiency increased progressively from CVM type A to type D.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The new classification of CVM based on the morphology of the cochlea and the modiolus is simple and easy to use, and correlated well with postimplantation speech perception ability and cochlear nerve status. This simple classification of CVM using TBCT with cochlear nerve assessment by magnetic resonance imaging is helpful in the preoperative evaluation of children with CVM.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan, South Korea.
authors.forename: Sung-Wook
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Jeong
authors.forename: Lee-Suk
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003051:Cochlea / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D019929:Cochlear Implantation; D015331:Cohort Studies; D000013:Congenital Abnormalities / Q000145:classification* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D005260:Female; D006319:Hearing Loss, Sensorineural / Q000151:congenital / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013067:Speech Perception; D013701:Temporal Bone / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014722:Vestibule, Labyrinth / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging