title: Nickel and Copper Toxicity to Embryos of the Long-Spined Sea Urchin, Diadema savignyi.
abstract: The sensitivity of long-spined sea urchins (Diadema savignyi) collected from Guam (Northern Marianas Islands), USA, to nickel and copper in seawater was explored using 48-h embryo-larval development toxicity tests. The median effective concentrations (EC50) averaged 94 µg L(-1) for nickel, and 19 µg L(-1) from a single exposure to copper, and suggest relatively high sensitivity of this species to nickel compared with other sea urchin genera, but similar sensitivity to copper. Ambient nickel and copper concentrations concurrently sampled from 16 near-shore locations around Guam were one to two orders of magnitude lower than those that would be expected to result in adverse effects to D. savignyi embryos. Although nationally recommended chronic ambient water quality criteria, currently 8.2 and 3.1 µg L(-1) for nickel and copper, respectively, were not exceeded, recently derived qualifying toxicity data should be considered for updating these criteria to ensure protectiveness of sensitive tropical species.
authors.affiliation: Space and Naval Warfare Systems Center Pacific, 53475 Strothe Rd., San Diego, CA, 92152, USA, gunther.rosen@navy.mil.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rosen
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Rivera-Duarte
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Colvin
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Dolecal
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Raymundo
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Earley
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003300:Copper / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*; D004625:Embryo, Nonmammalian / Q000187:drug effects*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D006141:Guam; D007928:Lethal Dose 50; D009532:Nickel / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*; D019055:No-Observed-Adverse-Effect Level; D012617:Sea Urchins / Q000187:drug effects*; D012623:Seawater / Q000737:chemistry*; D018675:Toxicity Tests; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D003300:Copper; D009532:Nickel