title: New Views on Cesarean Section, its Possible Complications and Long-Term Consequences for Children's Health.
abstract: Historical developments and advancements in cesarean section techniques and logistics have reduced the maternal and neonatal risks associated with the procedure, while increasing the number of operatively completed pregnancies for medically unjustifiable reasons. The uncritical attitude towards cesarean section and the fast emergence of 'modern' diseases such as obesity at a young age, asthma, type 1 diabetes mellitus and various forms of dermatitis have stimulated researches associating cesarean section with these diseases. Intestinal flora of the children born by cesarean section contains less bifidobacteria, i.e. their intestinal flora is similar to the intestinal flora in diabetic individuals. In children born by cesarean section, the 'good' maternal bacterial that are normally found in the maternal birth canal and rectum are lacking, while the 'bad' bacteria that may endanger the child's immune system are frequently present. In children born by vaginal delivery, the 'good' maternal bacteria stimulate the newborn's white blood cells and other components of the immune system, which has been taken as a basis for the hypotheses explaining the evident association of the above morbidities and delivery by cesarean section.
authors.affiliation: University Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Merkur University Hospital, Zagreb, Croatia.
authors.forename: Tomislav
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kulas
authors.affiliation: University Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Merkur University Hospital, Zagreb, Croatia.
authors.forename: Danijel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bursac
authors.affiliation: University Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Merkur University Hospital, Zagreb, Croatia.
authors.forename: Zana
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zegarac
authors.affiliation: University Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Merkur University Hospital, Zagreb, Croatia.
authors.forename: Gordana
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Planinic-Rados
authors.affiliation: University Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Merkur University Hospital, Zagreb, Croatia.
authors.forename: Zlatko
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Hrgovic
mesh_terms: D001249:Asthma / Q000276:immunology*; D002585:Cesarean Section / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002648:Child; D000067576:Child Health; D003872:Dermatitis / Q000276:immunology*; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D000069196:Gastrointestinal Microbiome / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D011247:Pregnancy
keywords: asthma; cesarean section; complications; dermatitis; obesity; type 1 diabetes mellitus