title: Cytotoxic Activities against Breast Cancer Cells of Local Justicia gendarussa Crude Extracts.
abstract: Justicia gendarussa methanolic leaf extracts from five different locations in the Southern region of Peninsular Malaysia and two flavonoids, kaempferol and naringenin, were tested for cytotoxic activity. Kaempferol and naringenin were two flavonoids detected in leaf extracts using gas chromatography-flame ionization detection (GC-FID). The results indicated that highest concentrations of kaempferol and naringenin were detected in leaves extracted from Mersing with 1591.80 mg/kg and 444.35 mg/kg, respectively. Positive correlations were observed between kaempferol and naringenin concentrations in all leaf extracts analysed with the Pearson method. The effects of kaempferol and naringenin from leaf extracts were examined on breast cancer cell lines (MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468) using MTT assay. Leaf extract from Mersing showed high cytotoxicity against MDA-MB-468 and MDA-MB-231 with IC50 values of 23 μg/mL and 40 μg/mL, respectively, compared to other leaf extracts. Kaempferol possessed high cytotoxicity against MDA-MB-468 and MDA-MB-231 with IC50 values of 23 μg/mL and 34 μg/mL, respectively. These findings suggest that the presence of kaempferol in Mersing leaf extract contributed to high cytotoxicity of both MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 cancer cell lines.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology and Medical Engineering, Faculty of Biosciences and Medical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), 81310 Johor Bahru, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Zahidah
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-9994-5594
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Ayob
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology and Medical Engineering, Faculty of Biosciences and Medical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), 81310 Johor Bahru, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Siti Pauliena
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-9028-6203
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Mohd Bohari
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology and Medical Engineering, Faculty of Biosciences and Medical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), 81310 Johor Bahru, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Azman
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Abd Samad
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), 81310 Johor Bahru, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Shajarahtunnur
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jamil