title: Apocynum venetum leaf attenuates myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury by inhibiting oxidative stress.
abstract: Apocynum venetum, a Chinese medicinal herb, is reported to be neuroprotective. However, whether Apocynum venetum leaf extract (AVLE) protects against ischemic myocardium remains elusive. Our present study was aimed to observe the effects of AVLE preconditioning on myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (MI/R) injury and to investigate the possible mechanisms. Rats were treated with AVLE (500 mg/kg/d, o.g.) or distilled water once daily for one week. Afterward, all the animals were subjected to 30 min of myocardial ischemia followed by 4 h of reperfusion. AVLE preconditioning for one week significantly improved cardiac function following MI/R. Meanwhile, AVLE reduced infarct size, plasma creatine kinase (CK)/lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities and myocardial apoptosis at the end of reperfusion in rat hearts. Moreover, AVLE preconditioning significantly inhibited superoxide generation, gp91(phox) expression, malonaldialdehyde formation and enhanced superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in I/R hearts. Furthermore, AVLE treatment increased Akt and extracellular regulated protein kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2) phosphorylations in I/R rat heart. Either the Phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor wortmannin or the ERK1/2 inhibitor PD98059 blocked AVLE-stimulated anti-oxidative effects and cardioprotection. Our study demonstrated for the first time that AVLE reduces oxidative stress and exerts cardioprotection against MI/R injury in rats.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hematology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710038, P. R. China , Experiment Teaching Center, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Wenqing
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Xiangyan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.forename: Dong
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.forename: Ru
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tie
authors.forename: Wenjuan
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Xing
authors.forename: Lele
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ji
authors.forename: Fange
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Haifeng
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Rong
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000730:Androstadienes / Q000494:pharmacology; D000975:Antioxidants; D030010:Apocynum; D017209:Apoptosis; D003402:Creatine Kinase / Q000097:blood; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000494:pharmacology; D019194:Ischemic Preconditioning; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000097:blood; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D015428:Myocardial Reperfusion Injury / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D009206:Myocardium / Q000473:pathology; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D000081082:Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D008517:Phytotherapy; D018515:Plant Leaves; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D000077191:Wortmannin
chemical_list: D000730:Androstadienes; D000975:Antioxidants; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; D005419:Flavonoids; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D000081082:Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3; D003402:Creatine Kinase; C093973:2-(2-amino-3-methoxyphenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one; D000077191:Wortmannin
keywords: Akt; Apocynum venetum; ERK1/2; Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury; Oxidative Stress