title: Safety assessment of Tin(IV) oxide as used in cosmetics.
abstract: Tin(IV) oxide functions as an abrasive, bulking, and opacifying agent in cosmetic products and is used at concentrations up to 0.4% in rinse-off products and up to 1.3% in leave-on products. The Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel (Panel) noted that tin(IV) oxide is a water-insoluble inorganic metal compound and should not be percutaneously absorbed; therefore, systemic exposure is not likely. Studies of dermal application of tin(IV) oxide were considered to determine toxicity at the site of application. The Panel concluded that tin(IV) oxide is safe in the present practices of use and concentration.
authors.affiliation: Cosmetic Ingredient Review Scientific Analyst/Writer, Washington, DC, USA.
authors.forename: Wilbur
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.affiliation: Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel Member, Washington, DC, USA.
authors.forename: Wilma F
authors.initials: WF
authors.lastname: Bergfeld
authors.affiliation: Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel Member, Washington, DC, USA.
authors.forename: Donald V
authors.initials: DV
authors.lastname: Belsito
authors.affiliation: Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel Member, Washington, DC, USA.
authors.forename: Ronald A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Hill
authors.affiliation: Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel Member, Washington, DC, USA.
authors.forename: Curtis D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Klaassen
authors.affiliation: Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel Member, Washington, DC, USA.
authors.forename: Daniel C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Liebler
authors.affiliation: Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel Member, Washington, DC, USA.
authors.forename: James G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Marks
authors.affiliation: Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel Member, Washington, DC, USA.
authors.forename: Ronald C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Shank
authors.affiliation: Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel Member, Washington, DC, USA.
authors.forename: Thomas J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Slaga
authors.affiliation: Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel Member, Washington, DC, USA.
authors.forename: Paul W
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Snyder
authors.affiliation: Former Director, Cosmetic Ingredient Review, Washington, DC, USA.
authors.forename: F Alan
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Andersen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003257:Consumer Product Safety; D003358:Cosmetics / Q000633:toxicity*; D017453:Dermatitis, Irritant / Q000209:etiology*; D005128:Eye Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008171:Lung Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced*; D010532:Peritoneal Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced*; D018570:Risk Assessment; D017971:Tin Compounds / Q000633:toxicity*; D018675:Toxicity Tests; D014481:United States; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D003358:Cosmetics; D017971:Tin Compounds; C045358:stannic oxide
keywords: cosmetics; safety; tin oxide