title: Exercise, but not quercetin, ameliorates inflammation, mitochondrial biogenesis, and lipid metabolism in skeletal muscle after strenuous exercise by high-fat diet mice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to investigate whether moderate exercise and quercetin intake with a low fat diet contribute to inflammatory cytokine production, mitochondrial biogenesis, and lipid metabolism in skeletal muscle after strenuous exercise by high-fat diet mice.
  
  
  METHODS
  Male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into four groups: (1) High-fat for 12 weeks and low-fat diet control (C; n = 6); (2) high-fat diet for 12 weeks and low-fat diet with quercetin (Q; n = 4); (3) high-fat diet for 12 weeks and low-fat diet with exercise (E; n = 4); or (4) high-fat diet for 12 weeks and low-fat diet with exercise and quercetin (EQ; n = 5). Quercetin (10 mg/kg) was administered once per day, 5 day/week for 8 weeks. Exercise training was performed at moderate intensity for 8 weeks, 5 days/week for 30-60 min/day. Mice were subjected to a strenuous exercise bout of 60 min at a speed of 25 m/min (VO2 max 85%) conducted as an exercise-induced fatigue just before sacrifice.
  
  
  RESULTS
  As results, body weights were significantly different among the groups. Exercise training significantly reduced inflammatory cytokines after strenuous exercise in skeletal muscle of high-fat diet mice. Exercise training increased Tfam mRNA in the soleus muscle after strenuous exercise. Exercise training significantly decreased lipogenesis markers in skeletal muscle of obese mice after strenuous exercise. Moderate exercise significantly increased lipolysis markers in the tibialis anterior muscle.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest that exercise training reduced inflammatory cytokine levels and improved mitochondrial biogenesis and lipid metabolism. However quercetin supplementation did not affect these parameters. Thus, long-term moderate exercise training has positive effects on obesity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Sports Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea.
authors.forename: Soon Mi
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.affiliation: Department of Sports Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea.
authors.forename: Hee Geun
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Sports Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea.
authors.forename: Jong Kui
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Jun
authors.affiliation: Department of Sports Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea.
authors.forename: Wang Lok
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Lee
keywords: exercise; inflammatory cytokine; mitochondrial biogenesis; obese; quercetin; skeletal muscle