title: Antigenic relationships among porcine epidemic diarrhea virus and transmissible gastroenteritis virus strains.
abstract: Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) and transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) are economically important swine enteropathogenic coronaviruses. These two viruses belong to two distinct species of the Alphacoronavirus genus within Coronaviridae and induce similar clinical signs and pathological lesions in newborn piglets, but they are presumed to be antigenically distinct. In the present study, two-way antigenic cross-reactivity examinations between the prototype PEDV CV777 strain, three distinct U.S. PEDV strains (the original highly virulent PC22A, S indel Iowa106, and S 197del PC177), and two representative U.S. TGEV strains (Miller and Purdue) were conducted by cell culture immunofluorescent (CCIF) and viral neutralization (VN) assays. None of the pig TGEV antisera neutralized PEDV and vice versa. One-way cross-reactions were observed by CCIF between TGEV Miller hyperimmune pig antisera and all PEDV strains. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, immunoblotting using monoclonal antibodies and Escherichia coli-expressed recombinant PEDV and TGEV nucleocapsid (N) proteins, and sequence analysis suggested at least one epitope on the N-terminal region of PEDV/TGEV N protein that contributed to this cross-reactivity. Biologically, PEDV strain CV777 induced greater cell fusion in Vero cells than did U.S. PEDV strains. Consistent with the reported genetic differences, the results of CCIF and VN assays also revealed higher antigenic variation between PEDV CV777 and U.S. strains.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Evidence of antigenic cross-reactivity between porcine enteric coronaviruses, PEDV and TGEV, in CCIF assays supports the idea that these two species are evolutionarily related, but they are distinct species defined by VN assays. Identification of PEDV- or TGEV-specific antigenic regions allows the development of more specific immunoassays for each virus. Antigenic and biologic variations between the prototype and current PEDV strains could explain, at least partially, the recurrence of PEDV epidemics. Information on the conserved antigenicity among PEDV strains is important for the development of PEDV vaccines to protect swine from current highly virulent PEDV infections.
authors.affiliation: Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Wooster, Ohio, USA.
authors.forename: Chun-Ming
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Wooster, Ohio, USA.
authors.forename: Xiang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Wooster, Ohio, USA.
authors.forename: Tomoichiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Oka
authors.affiliation: Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Wooster, Ohio, USA.
authors.forename: Anastasia N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Vlasova
authors.affiliation: Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Wooster, Ohio, USA.
authors.forename: Malak A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Esseili
authors.affiliation: Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Wooster, Ohio, USA saif.2@osu.edu wang.655@osu.edu.
authors.forename: Qiuhong
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Wooster, Ohio, USA saif.2@osu.edu wang.655@osu.edu.
authors.forename: Linda J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Saif
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000276:immunology*; D000940:Antigenic Variation; D018352:Coronavirus Infections / Q000276:immunology / Q000662:veterinary* / Q000821:virology; D003429:Cross Reactions; D005761:Gastroenteritis, Transmissible, of Swine / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D053485:Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus / Q000737:chemistry / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D013552:Swine; D013553:Swine Diseases / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology; D005760:Transmissible gastroenteritis virus / Q000737:chemistry / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral