title: High superficial musculoaponeurotic system facelift with finger-assisted facial spaces dissection for Asian patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Few facelift methods are designed specifically for Asian patients. Because of their characteristic thick skin and flat, wide facial geometry, satisfactory facelift results can be difficult to achieve in these patients.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The authors evaluated outcomes achieved with a high superficial musculoaponeurotic system (high-SMAS) facelift with finger-assisted facial spaces dissection to rejuvenate the aging Asian face.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-three patients underwent this facelift procedure. The indication for surgery was typical sagging of the face associated with aging; the relative contraindications were previous facelift and severe facial atrophy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean patient age was 50.7 years. Patients received follow-up for a mean of 19 months. In all cases, improvement was seen in soft-tissue sagging of the midface and lower face. One patient experienced unilateral temporal nerve injury, 3 experienced hematoma, and 2 had wound dehiscence.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Understanding surgical anatomy including facial layers, spaces, and retaining ligaments is crucial for stable application of facelift techniques in Asian patients. Because of the small number of patients evaluated in this study and the limited follow-up period, more research is needed to define suitable facelift methods for these patients.
authors.affiliation: Dr Ryu is a plastic surgeon in private practice in Seoul, South Korea. Dr Moon is an assistant professor, Division of Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine, Lake Success, New York, New York.
authors.forename: Min-Hee
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Ryu
authors.affiliation: Dr Ryu is a plastic surgeon in private practice in Seoul, South Korea. Dr Moon is an assistant professor, Division of Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine, Lake Success, New York, New York.
authors.forename: Victor A
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: Moon
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D044466:Asian People; D004210:Dissection / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D005145:Face / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000209:etiology; D012060:Rejuvenation; D015361:Rhytidoplasty / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D015595:Skin Aging / Q000208:ethnology*; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome