title: High dietary acid load is associated with increased prevalence of hypertension: the Furukawa Nutrition and Health Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Acid-base status has been suggested to influence blood pressure, but there is a paucity of epidemiologic evidence linking dietary acid load to hypertension. We examined cross-sectionally the association between dietary acid load and hypertension in a Japanese working population.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were derived from health surveys from 2028 employees, ages 18 to 70 y, in two workplaces in Japan. A validated brief diet history questionnaire was used to assess diet. Two measures were used to characterize dietary acid load: potential renal acid load and estimated net endogenous acid production, which were derived from nutrient intakes. Multilevel logistic regression was used to examine the association between dietary acid load and hypertension with adjustment of potential confounding variables.
  
  
  RESULTS
  High dietary acid load was suggestively associated with increased prevalence of hypertension. The multivariable adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence interval) of hypertension for the lowest through highest tertiles of net endogenous acid production were 1.00 (reference), 1.07 (0.80-1.42), and 1.33 (0.998-1.78), respectively (P for trend = 0.053). This positive association was statistically significant among normal-weight (body mass index <23 kg/m(2); P for trend = 0.03) and non-shift workers (P for trend = 0.04). Similar positive associations were observed between potential renal acid load and hypertension.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present findings suggest that high dietary acid load may be associated with increased prevalence of hypertension among those who were normal weight and non-shift workers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan. Electronic address: samimarub@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Shamima
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Akter
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Administration, Furukawa Electric Corporation, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Masafumi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Eguchi
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Kayo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kurotani
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Administration, Furukawa Electric Corporation, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kochi
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health, Thai Nguyen University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Thai Nguyen Province, Vietnam.
authors.forename: Ngoc Minh
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Pham
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Administration, Furukawa Electric Corporation, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Rie
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Keisuke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kuwahara
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Administration, Furukawa Electric Corporation, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroko
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tsuruoka
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Tetsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mizoue
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Administration, Furukawa Electric Corporation, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Isamu
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kabe
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Akiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nanri
mesh_terms: D000143:Acids / Q000737:chemistry*; D000328:Adult; D000465:Algorithms; D044466:Asian People; D001794:Blood Pressure; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004032:Diet; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004043:Dietary Fiber / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002149:Energy Intake; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D007668:Kidney / Q000378:metabolism; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D055361:Multilevel Analysis; D015596:Nutrition Assessment; D009752:Nutritional Status; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D000143:Acids; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D004041:Dietary Fats; D004043:Dietary Fiber; D004044:Dietary Proteins; D003404:Creatinine
keywords: Acid-base balance; Estimated glomerular filtration rate; Hypertension; Net endogenous acid production; Potential renal acid load