title: Beneficial effect of an omega-6 PUFA-rich diet in non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug-induced mucosal damage in the murine small intestine.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effect of a fat rich diet on non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)-induced mucosal damage in the murine small intestine.
  
  
  METHODS
  C57BL6 mice were fed 4 types of diets with or without indomethacin. One group was fed standard laboratory chow. The other groups were fed a fat diet consisting of 8% w/w fat, beef tallow (rich in SFA), fish oil, (rich in omega-3 PUFA), or safflower oil (rich in omega-6 PUFA). Indomethacin (3 mg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally from day 8 to day 10. On day 11, intestines and adhesions to submucosal microvessels were examined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the indomethacin-treated groups, mucosal damage was exacerbated by diets containing beef tallow and fish oil, and was accompanied by leukocyte infiltration (P < 0.05). The mucosal damage induced by indomethacin was significantly lower in mice fed the safflower oil diet than in mice fed the beef tallow or fish oil diet (P < 0.05). Indomethacin increased monocyte and platelet migration to the intestinal mucosa, whereas safflower oil significantly decreased monocyte and platelet recruitment (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A diet rich in SFA and omega-3 PUFA exacerbated NSAID-induced small intestinal damage via increased leukocyte infiltration. Importantly, a diet rich in omega-6-PUFA did not aggravate inflammation as monocyte migration was blocked.
authors.affiliation: Toshihide Ueda, Ryota Hokari, Masaaki Higashiyama, Yuichi Yasutake, Koji Maruta, Chie Kurihara, Kengo Tomita, Shunsuke Komoto, Yoshikiyo Okada, Chikako Watanabe, Shingo Usui, Shigeaki Nagao, Soichiro Miura, Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Saitama 359-8513, Japan.
authors.forename: Toshihide
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ueda
authors.affiliation: Toshihide Ueda, Ryota Hokari, Masaaki Higashiyama, Yuichi Yasutake, Koji Maruta, Chie Kurihara, Kengo Tomita, Shunsuke Komoto, Yoshikiyo Okada, Chikako Watanabe, Shingo Usui, Shigeaki Nagao, Soichiro Miura, Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Saitama 359-8513, Japan.
authors.forename: Ryota
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hokari
authors.affiliation: Toshihide Ueda, Ryota Hokari, Masaaki Higashiyama, Yuichi Yasutake, Koji Maruta, Chie Kurihara, Kengo Tomita, Shunsuke Komoto, Yoshikiyo Okada, Chikako Watanabe, Shingo Usui, Shigeaki Nagao, Soichiro Miura, Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Saitama 359-8513, Japan.
authors.forename: Masaaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Higashiyama
authors.affiliation: Toshihide Ueda, Ryota Hokari, Masaaki Higashiyama, Yuichi Yasutake, Koji Maruta, Chie Kurihara, Kengo Tomita, Shunsuke Komoto, Yoshikiyo Okada, Chikako Watanabe, Shingo Usui, Shigeaki Nagao, Soichiro Miura, Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Saitama 359-8513, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuichi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yasutake
authors.affiliation: Toshihide Ueda, Ryota Hokari, Masaaki Higashiyama, Yuichi Yasutake, Koji Maruta, Chie Kurihara, Kengo Tomita, Shunsuke Komoto, Yoshikiyo Okada, Chikako Watanabe, Shingo Usui, Shigeaki Nagao, Soichiro Miura, Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Saitama 359-8513, Japan.
authors.forename: Koji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Maruta
authors.affiliation: Toshihide Ueda, Ryota Hokari, Masaaki Higashiyama, Yuichi Yasutake, Koji Maruta, Chie Kurihara, Kengo Tomita, Shunsuke Komoto, Yoshikiyo Okada, Chikako Watanabe, Shingo Usui, Shigeaki Nagao, Soichiro Miura, Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Saitama 359-8513, Japan.
authors.forename: Chie
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kurihara
authors.affiliation: Toshihide Ueda, Ryota Hokari, Masaaki Higashiyama, Yuichi Yasutake, Koji Maruta, Chie Kurihara, Kengo Tomita, Shunsuke Komoto, Yoshikiyo Okada, Chikako Watanabe, Shingo Usui, Shigeaki Nagao, Soichiro Miura, Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Saitama 359-8513, Japan.
authors.forename: Kengo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tomita
authors.affiliation: Toshihide Ueda, Ryota Hokari, Masaaki Higashiyama, Yuichi Yasutake, Koji Maruta, Chie Kurihara, Kengo Tomita, Shunsuke Komoto, Yoshikiyo Okada, Chikako Watanabe, Shingo Usui, Shigeaki Nagao, Soichiro Miura, Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Saitama 359-8513, Japan.
authors.forename: Shunsuke
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Komoto
authors.affiliation: Toshihide Ueda, Ryota Hokari, Masaaki Higashiyama, Yuichi Yasutake, Koji Maruta, Chie Kurihara, Kengo Tomita, Shunsuke Komoto, Yoshikiyo Okada, Chikako Watanabe, Shingo Usui, Shigeaki Nagao, Soichiro Miura, Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Saitama 359-8513, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshikiyo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Okada
authors.affiliation: Toshihide Ueda, Ryota Hokari, Masaaki Higashiyama, Yuichi Yasutake, Koji Maruta, Chie Kurihara, Kengo Tomita, Shunsuke Komoto, Yoshikiyo Okada, Chikako Watanabe, Shingo Usui, Shigeaki Nagao, Soichiro Miura, Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Saitama 359-8513, Japan.
authors.forename: Chikako
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.affiliation: Toshihide Ueda, Ryota Hokari, Masaaki Higashiyama, Yuichi Yasutake, Koji Maruta, Chie Kurihara, Kengo Tomita, Shunsuke Komoto, Yoshikiyo Okada, Chikako Watanabe, Shingo Usui, Shigeaki Nagao, Soichiro Miura, Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Saitama 359-8513, Japan.
authors.forename: Shingo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Usui
authors.affiliation: Toshihide Ueda, Ryota Hokari, Masaaki Higashiyama, Yuichi Yasutake, Koji Maruta, Chie Kurihara, Kengo Tomita, Shunsuke Komoto, Yoshikiyo Okada, Chikako Watanabe, Shingo Usui, Shigeaki Nagao, Soichiro Miura, Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Saitama 359-8513, Japan.
authors.forename: Shigeaki
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nagao
authors.affiliation: Toshihide Ueda, Ryota Hokari, Masaaki Higashiyama, Yuichi Yasutake, Koji Maruta, Chie Kurihara, Kengo Tomita, Shunsuke Komoto, Yoshikiyo Okada, Chikako Watanabe, Shingo Usui, Shigeaki Nagao, Soichiro Miura, Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Saitama 359-8513, Japan.
authors.forename: Soichiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Miura
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000633:toxicity*; D001792:Blood Platelets / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D002634:Chemotaxis, Leukocyte / Q000187:drug effects; D004032:Diet; D043371:Fatty Acids, Omega-6 / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005395:Fish Oils / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity; D007213:Indomethacin / Q000633:toxicity*; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D007421:Intestine, Small / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008461:Meat Products / Q000633:toxicity; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D055806:Microvessels / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D012450:Safflower Oil / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; D043371:Fatty Acids, Omega-6; D005395:Fish Oils; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D012450:Safflower Oil; D007213:Indomethacin
keywords: Adhesion molecules; Dietary fat; Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; Small intestine; Ulcer