title: Leptin in depressive episodes: is there a difference between unipolar and bipolar depression?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The present study investigated whether peripheral leptin levels are associated with current depressive episodes in a cross-sectional study nested within a population-based study.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) 5.0 was used to assess the presence of current depressive episodes. The sample was composed of 206 subjects (103 controls and 103 subjects with a current depressive episode) paired by gender, BMI and age. Medication use and lifestyle characteristics were self-reported.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Serum leptin levels were lower in currently depressive subjects (10.9 ± 12.0 ng/ml) than in the control group (20.3 ± 24.0 ng/ml; p = 0.023). According to the clinical diagnosis, individuals with bipolar depression present lower leptin levels (8.4 ± 8.1 ng/ml) than those with unipolar depression (12.0 ± 13.4 ng/ml) and the control group (20.3 ± 24.0 ng/ml; p = 0.031). In addition, ANCOVA showed that leptin is an independent factor associated with current depressive episodes (p = 0.018).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A decreased leptin level might be a useful peripheral marker associated with depressive episodes in the context of bipolar disorder.
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Comportamento, Centro de Ciências da Vida e da Saúde, Universidade Católica de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil.
authors.forename: Gisele
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cordas
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gazal
authors.forename: Eduardo M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Schuch
authors.forename: Bárbara C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Spessato
authors.forename: Jerônimo
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Branco
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Jansen
authors.forename: Jean P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Oses
authors.forename: Luciana A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Quevedo
authors.forename: Luciano D M
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Souza
authors.forename: Ricardo T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Pinheiro
authors.forename: Luiz Valmor
authors.initials: LV
authors.lastname: Portela
authors.forename: Ricardo A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: da Silva
authors.forename: Diogo R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Lara
authors.forename: Manuella P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Kaster
authors.forename: Gabriele
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ghisleni
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000097:blood*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D020738:Leptin / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D020738:Leptin