title: Effects of blood flow to the prefrontal cortex on high-intensity exercise combined with high-decibel music.
abstract: We studied the effects of high-intensity exercise (70-75% of VO2 max) combined with high-decibel music (100 dB) on cognitive function (measured by the Stroop test) and related blood flow changes to the prefrontal cortex (measured by Oxy-hemoglobin (Hb), Deoxy-Hb, tissue oxygen index (TOI), and normalized tissue hemoglobin index (nTHI)). The subjects of the study were 28 healthy female university students in their early 20s. Subjects were categorized into control group (CG), music group (MG), exercise group (Ex), and music and exercise group (MnEx). A crossover design was implemented so that all subjects participated in all test groups. We found no significant difference in reaction time between CG and MG for the neutral and incongruent tasks of Stroop test. However, there were significant improvements in the neutral and incongruent tasks for both the Ex (p < 0.01) and MnEx (p < 0.01) groups. Oxy-Hb measurements in the prefrontal cortex of the brain supported the Stroop test data. We found no difference between Ex and MnEx in the TOI; however, there was a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in MnEx compared to Ex. In addition, Ex resulted in a significant increase (p < 0.05) in nTHI as compared to CG. These results indicate that high decibel music could negatively affect prefrontal cortex activation of the brain during exercise.
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Movement Science, Seoul Women's University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Hyukki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Movement Science, Seoul Women's University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Kyungae
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Movement Science, Seoul Women's University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Yu-Jin
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Movement Science, Seoul Women's University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Na-Ri
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: Ahn
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Movement Science, Seoul Women's University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Wi-Young
authors.initials: WY
authors.lastname: So
authors.affiliation: Department of Health and Nutrition, Yonezawa Women's Junior College of Yamagata Prefecture, Yonezawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Morimasa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kato
keywords: brain; high intensity exercise; high-decibel music; oxygenated hemoglobin; prefrontal cortex