title: Effects of genetic variants of ADH1B and ALDH2 and social network on continued alcohol drinking among young adolescents in Taiwan.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study aimed (i) to evaluate the effects of genetic variants of ADH1B and ALDH2 and social network position on continued alcohol use in early adolescence, and (ii) to explore possible moderating role of pubertal development on genetic effects.
  
  
  METHODS
  The sample comprised 496 children who ever drank alcohol before the ages of 10-12. Information pertaining to sociodemographic background, pubertal development, parental drinking, alcohol and tobacco use, alcohol-metabolizing genes, and nominated best friends was collected in four waves of assessment. Polymorphisms of ADH1B (rs1229984) and ALDH2 (rs671) were genotyped. The latent class analysis was first used to characterize longitudinal alcohol use pattern, followed by the multinomial logistic regression analyses to assess its association with genes, pubertal development, and social network.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Three distinct classes of alcohol users (i.e. ex-drinkers, sporadic drinkers, and continued drinkers) were derived from alcohol-experienced children. Both alcohol-metabolizing genes appear to have protective effects, yet such relationships were only significant for youngsters in pre-to-early pubertal stage: the adjusted odds ratio (aOR) of ADH1B fast-genotype for sporadic drinkers was 0.46 and that of ALDH2 slow-genotype for both sporadic and continued drinkers was 0.47 and 0.42, respectively. Children having the bridge position in their peer network were more likely to be sporadic drinkers (aOR=4.15) and continued drinkers (aOR=3.16).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results illustrate a potential moderating effect of pubertal development on the protective influence of alcohol-metabolizing genes on subsequent alcohol use among alcohol-experienced children as well as the independent contribution of early life's social network to their alcohol involvement.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, 17 Xu-Zhou Road, Taipei 100, Taiwan; Center of Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institutes, 35 Keyan Road, Zhunan, Miaoli County 350, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Te-Tien
authors.initials: TT
authors.lastname: Ting
authors.affiliation: Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, 17 Xu-Zhou Road, Taipei 100, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Shiao-Yun
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Center of Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institutes, 35 Keyan Road, Zhunan, Miaoli County 350, Taiwan; Institute of Public Health, National Yang-Ming University, No. 155, Sec. 2, Linong Street, Taipei 112, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Kuang-Hung
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Genetic Epidemiologic Core, Center of Genomic Medicine, National Taiwan University, 7F, 2 Xu-Zhou Road, Taipei 100, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Ching-Ing
authors.initials: CI
authors.lastname: Tseng
authors.affiliation: Center of Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institutes, 35 Keyan Road, Zhunan, Miaoli County 350, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Keh-Ming
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Center of Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institutes, 35 Keyan Road, Zhunan, Miaoli County 350, Taiwan; Institute of Public Health, National Yang-Ming University, No. 155, Sec. 2, Linong Street, Taipei 112, Taiwan; Department of Public Health, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, 17 Xu-Zhou Road, Taipei 100, Taiwan. Electronic address: chuanychen@ym.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Chuan-Yu
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, 17 Xu-Zhou Road, Taipei 100, Taiwan; Genetic Epidemiologic Core, Center of Genomic Medicine, National Taiwan University, 7F, 2 Xu-Zhou Road, Taipei 100, Taiwan; Department of Public Health, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, 17 Xu-Zhou Road, Taipei 100, Taiwan. Electronic address: wjchen@ntu.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Wei J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000426:Alcohol Dehydrogenase / Q000235:genetics*; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000235:genetics*; D000444:Aldehyde Dehydrogenase / Q000235:genetics*; D000071396:Aldehyde Dehydrogenase, Mitochondrial; D002648:Child; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D014644:Genetic Variation / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D012944:Social Support; D013624:Taiwan / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: C489332:ADH1B protein, human; D000426:Alcohol Dehydrogenase; C096127:ALDH2 protein, human; D000444:Aldehyde Dehydrogenase; D000071396:Aldehyde Dehydrogenase, Mitochondrial
keywords: ADH1B; ALDH2; Alcohol use; Pubertal development; Social network position