title: Bilateral coherence between motor cortices and subthalamic nuclei in patients with Parkinson's disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  It has been suggested that abnormal synchronization and oscillation of neuronal activity in the subthalamic nucleus (STN) is associated with sensorimotor dysfunction in Parkinson's disease (PD). We investigated the bilateral subcortico-cortical functional coupling in PD patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  We simultaneously recorded local field potentials from the bilateral STN using electrodes inserted for deep brain stimulation and electroencephalograms from the bilateral motor cortices (MCx) in 11 patients at rest, and analyzed their coherences and causalities.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significant coherence in the sub-beta and beta frequency bands was simultaneously observed between the STN and contralateral STN (STN-cSTN), the STN and ipsilateral MCx (STN-iMCx), and the STN and contralateral MCx (STN-cMCx). In each patient, the frequency of the peak STN-cSTN coherence was similar to that of the peak STN-iMCx and STN-cMCx coherence. The causality between the STN and MCx was strongest in the one-way direction from the MCx to the ipsilateral STN.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Abnormal oscillations in the STN in the sub-beta and beta bands were functionally coupled among bilateral STN and MCx at the eigen-frequency in individual patients with PD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Synchronized activity through cortico-subcortical transmission may have an important role in the pathophysiology of PD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Tokyo Metropolitan Neurological Hospital, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Biosciences and Informatics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, Kanagawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Tokyo Metropolitan Neurological Hospital, Tokyo, Japan. Electronic address: fyokochi-tmnh@umin.net.
authors.forename: Fusako
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Yokochi
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Tokyo Metropolitan Neurological Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Taniguchi
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Tokyo Metropolitan Neurological Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Ryoichi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Okiyama
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Tokyo Metropolitan Neurological Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kawasaki
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Tokyo Metropolitan Neurological Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Katsuo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kimura
authors.affiliation: Department of Biosciences and Informatics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, Kanagawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Junichi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ushiba
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001611:Beta Rhythm / Q000502:physiology; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009044:Motor Cortex / Q000503:physiopathology*; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D020531:Subthalamic Nucleus / Q000503:physiopathology*
keywords: Coherence; Deep brain stimulation; Motor cortex; Neuronal oscillations; Parkinson’s disease; Subthalamic nucleus