title: An expeditious synthesis of spinasterol and schottenol, two phytosterols present in argan oil and in cactus pear seed oil, and evaluation of their biological activities on cells of the central nervous system.
abstract: Spinasterol and schottenol, two phytosterols present in argan oil and in cactus pear seed oil, were synthesized from commercially available stigmasterol by a four steps reactions. In addition, the effects of these phytosterols on cell growth and mitochondrial activity were evaluated on 158N murine oligodendrocytes, C6 rat glioma cells, and SK-N-BE human neuronal cells with the crystal violet test and the MTT test, respectively. The effects of spinasterol and schottenol were compared with 7-ketocholesterol (7KC) and ferulic acid, which is also present in argan and cactus pear seed oil. Whatever the cells considered, dose dependent cytotoxic effects of 7KC were observed whereas no or slight effects of ferulic acid were found. With spinasterol and schottenol, no or slight effects on cell growth were detected. With spinasterol, reduced mitochondrial activities (30-50%) were found on 158N and C6 cells; no effect was found on SK-N-BE. With schottenol, reduced mitochondrial activity were revealed on 158N (50%) and C6 (10-20%) cells; no effect was found on SK-N-BE. Altogether, these data suggest that spinasterol and schottenol can modulate mitochondrial activity and might therefore influence cell metabolism.
authors.affiliation: Université de Bourgogne, Equipe 'Biochimie du peroxysome, inflammation et métabolisme lipidique' EA 7270/INSERM, Dijon, France; Laboratory of 'Biochemistry of Neuroscience', University Hassan I, Settat, Morocco.
authors.forename: Asmaa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Badreddine
authors.affiliation: Université de Bourgogne, Equipe 'Biochimie du peroxysome, inflammation et métabolisme lipidique' EA 7270/INSERM, Dijon, France; Laboratory of 'Biochemistry of Neuroscience', University Hassan I, Settat, Morocco.
authors.forename: El Mostafa
authors.initials: el M
authors.lastname: Karym
authors.affiliation: Université de Bourgogne, Equipe 'Biochimie du peroxysome, inflammation et métabolisme lipidique' EA 7270/INSERM, Dijon, France; University of Monastir, LR12ES05, Lab-NAFS 'Nutrition - Functional Food & Vascular Health', Monastir, Tunisia.
authors.forename: Amira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zarrouk
authors.affiliation: Université de Bourgogne, Equipe 'Biochimie du peroxysome, inflammation et métabolisme lipidique' EA 7270/INSERM, Dijon, France.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nury
authors.affiliation: Université de Bourgogne, Equipe 'Biochimie du peroxysome, inflammation et métabolisme lipidique' EA 7270/INSERM, Dijon, France; Laboratory of 'Biochemistry of Neuroscience', University Hassan I, Settat, Morocco.
authors.forename: Youssef
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: El Kharrassi
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of 'Biochemistry of Neuroscience', University Hassan I, Settat, Morocco.
authors.forename: Boubker
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Nasser
authors.affiliation: Université de Bourgogne, Equipe 'Biochimie du peroxysome, inflammation et métabolisme lipidique' EA 7270/INSERM, Dijon, France.
authors.forename: Mustapha
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cherkaoui Malki
authors.affiliation: Université de Bourgogne, Equipe 'Biochimie du peroxysome, inflammation et métabolisme lipidique' EA 7270/INSERM, Dijon, France. Electronic address: gerard.lizard@u-bourgogne.fr.
authors.forename: Gérard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lizard
authors.affiliation: LCPMC-A2, ICPM, Département de Chimie, Université de Lorraine, 1 Bd Arago, Metz Technopôle, Metz, France. Electronic address: mohammad.samadi@univ-lorrraine.fr.
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Samadi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002490:Central Nervous System / Q000166:cytology*; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D010840:Phytosterols / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000737:chemistry*; D031989:Pyrus / Q000737:chemistry*; D051381:Rats; D012639:Seeds / Q000737:chemistry*; D012855:Sitosterols / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D013265:Stigmasterol / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D010840:Phytosterols; D010938:Plant Oils; D012855:Sitosterols; C031312:spinasterol; C555574:argan oil; C031313:stigmast-7-enol; D013265:Stigmasterol
keywords: Crystal violet test; MTT test; Nervous cells; Organic synthesis; Schottenol; Spinasterol