title: Current status of robotic simulators in acquisition of robotic surgical skills.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This article provides an overview of the current status of simulator systems in robotic surgery training curriculum, focusing on available simulators for training, their comparison, new technologies introduced in simulation focusing on concepts of training along with existing challenges and future perspectives of simulator training in robotic surgery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The different virtual reality simulators available in the market like dVSS, dVT, RoSS, ProMIS and SEP have shown face, content and construct validity in robotic skills training for novices outside the operating room. Recently, augmented reality simulators like HoST, Maestro AR and RobotiX Mentor have been introduced in robotic training providing a more realistic operating environment, emphasizing more on procedure-specific robotic training . Further, the Xperience Team Trainer, which provides training to console surgeon and bed-side assistant simultaneously, has been recently introduced to emphasize the importance of teamwork and proper coordination.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Simulator training holds an important place in current robotic training curriculum of future robotic surgeons. There is a need for more procedure-specific augmented reality simulator training, utilizing advancements in computing and graphical capabilities for new innovations in simulator technology. Further studies are required to establish its cost-benefit ratio along with concurrent and predictive validity.
authors.affiliation: aDepartment of Urology, Global Robotics Institute, Florida Hospital-Celebration Health bChief Technology Officer, Florida Hospital-Nicholson Center, University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, Florida, USA.
authors.forename: Anup
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: Roger
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Vipul R
authors.initials: VR
authors.lastname: Patel
mesh_terms: D002983:Clinical Competence; D003198:Computer Simulation; D003479:Curriculum; D006801:Humans; D065287:Robotic Surgical Procedures / Q000193:education*; D013520:Urologic Surgical Procedures / Q000193:education*; D014572:Urology / Q000193:education*; D014584:User-Computer Interface