title: Characteristics, management and outcomes of critically ill patients who are 80 years and older: a retrospective comparative cohort study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Older age is associated with chronic illnesses and disability, which contribute to increased admission to the intensive care unit (ICU). Our primary objective was to compare the characteristics, ICU management and outcomes of critically ill patients ≥ 80 year-old with those of younger patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a retrospective cohort study of patients admitted to a tertiary-care ICU from 1999 to 2011. The characteristics, ICU management and outcomes of patients ≥ 80 year-old were compared with those 50-64.9 and 65-79.9 year-old. Multivariate analysis was performed to determine the adjusted risk of Do-Not-Resuscitate orders and hospital mortality in patients ≥ 80 year-old compared with the younger groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During the study period, patients aged ≥ 80 years (N = 748) represented 7.9% of all ICU admissions and 12.8% of patients aged ≥ 50 years. Chronic cardiac (32.2%) and respiratory (21.8%) diseases were more prevalent in them than the younger groups (p < 0.0001). The most common reasons for their ICU admission were cardiovascular (30.9%) and respiratory (40.4%) conditions. Sepsis was commonly present in them on admission (32.9%). Mechanical ventilation and renal replacement therapy were commonly provided (76.9% and 16.0%, respectively). During ICU stay, Do-Not-Resuscitate orders were more frequently written for patients aged ≥ 80 years (35.0%) compared with 21.9% for 50-64.9 year-old group, p < 0.0001, and 25.4% for the 60-79.9 year-old group, p < 0.0001. On multivariate analysis, patients aged ≥ 80 years were more likely to receive these order compared with the 50-64.9 year-old patients (adjusted OR, 1.83; 95% CI, 1.45-2.31) and the 65-80 year-old patients (adjusted OR, 1.64; 95% CI, 1.32-2.04). The hospital mortality increased gradually with age and was highest (54.6%) in patients ≥ 80 year-old (p < 0.0001). Patients ≥ 80 year-old had higher risk of hospital mortality compared with patients aged 50-64.9 years (adjusted OR, 2.16; 95% CI, 1.73-2.69) and with those aged 65-79.9 years (adjusted OR, 1.51; 95% CI, 1.23-1.86).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients ≥ 80 year-old represented a significant proportion of ICU admissions. Although they received life sustaining measures similar to younger groups, they had higher adjusted mortality risk compared with the younger groups.
authors.affiliation: College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences and Intensive Care Department, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, 11426 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Hasan M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Al-Dorzi
authors.affiliation: King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, 11426 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia ; Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut-Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon.
authors.forename: Hani M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Tamim
authors.affiliation: Intensive Care Department, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, 11426 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Shihab
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mundekkadan
authors.affiliation: Intensive Care Department, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Muhammad R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Sohail
authors.affiliation: College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, PO Box 22490, Mail code 1425, Riyadh, 11426 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Yaseen M
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Arabi
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003422:Critical Care / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D016638:Critical Illness / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D017052:Hospital Mortality; D006801:Humans; D007362:Intensive Care Units / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012121:Respiration, Artificial / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D016414:Resuscitation Orders; D012189:Retrospective Studies
keywords: Aged 80 and over; Critical illness; Health outcome; Mortality