title: Analysis of chloramphenicol residues in the macroalgae Ulva lactuca through ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS).
abstract: Antibiotic use is a well-described practice to promote animal health whether for prevention or treatment. Nonetheless, it can also cause a number of potentially harmful effects that dictate the need to implement regulation to assure a reduction of hazards to the consumers and the environment. Chloramphenicol (CAP) is a broad-spectrum antibacterial excluded from use in animal food production but despite this, reports of illegal use still persist. More recently, awareness has risen that the surrounding natural ecosystems can potentially be contaminated by pharmaceuticals and the extent of their effects in non-target organisms is already under the scope of researchers. To face the demanding new challenges a methodology for the determination of CAP in the green macroalgae Ulva lactuca by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) was developed, optimized and fully validated following the guidelines of the EC Decision 2002/657.
authors.affiliation: CFE - Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Apartado 3046, 3001-401 Coimbra, Portugal; CEF - Center for Pharmaceutical Studies, Health Sciences Campus, Pharmacy Faculty, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal. Electronic address: saraleston@ci.uc.pt.
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Leston
authors.affiliation: CEF - Center for Pharmaceutical Studies, Health Sciences Campus, Pharmacy Faculty, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; INIAV / LNIV - Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinátia, Laboratório Nacional de Investigacão Veterinária, Estrada de Benfica 701, 1549-011 Lisboa, Portugal.
authors.forename: Andreia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Freitas
authors.affiliation: CFE - Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Apartado 3046, 3001-401 Coimbra, Portugal; CEF - Center for Pharmaceutical Studies, Health Sciences Campus, Pharmacy Faculty, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.
authors.forename: Margarida
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nunes
authors.affiliation: INIAV / LNIV - Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinátia, Laboratório Nacional de Investigacão Veterinária, Estrada de Benfica 701, 1549-011 Lisboa, Portugal.
authors.forename: Jorge
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Barbosa
authors.affiliation: CFE - Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Apartado 3046, 3001-401 Coimbra, Portugal.
authors.forename: Miguel Ângelo
authors.initials: MÂ
authors.lastname: Pardal
authors.affiliation: CEF - Center for Pharmaceutical Studies, Health Sciences Campus, Pharmacy Faculty, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Pharmacy Faculty, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ramos
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000032:analysis*; D002701:Chloramphenicol / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods; D004350:Drug Residues / Q000032:analysis*; D015394:Molecular Structure; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods; D044445:Ulva / Q000737:chemistry*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D002701:Chloramphenicol
keywords: Chloramphenicol; Contamination; Macroalgae; UHPLC-MS/MS