title: Evaluation of cytotoxic effects of Anbarnesa on fibroblast L929: Can it be used as a mouthwash?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In Iranian traditional medicine Anbarnesa (derived from smoke from burning female donkey's stool) has been used to treat ulcers and inflammatory conditions like stomatitis and ear infections (otitis). We assess the properties of Anbarnesa as an alternative mouthwash.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this experimental study, Anbarnesa smoke was analyzed using aGC-mass device. The smoke collected was dissolved at different densities in propylene glycol and incubated in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium in direct contact with fibroblast cells. Assessment of cytotoxicity was done at 1, 24 and 72 h. Cell viability was measured by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium test, and ELISA Reader machine was used to read the results. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The findings of this study showed Anbarnesa was nontoxic in 1/64, 1/128 and 1/256 dilutions. In 1/32 dilution, toxicity was seen after 72 h. In dilutions, 1/8 and 1/16 toxicity were seen in the 1(st) h.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  According to the initial results of Anbarnesa may be used as an alternative mouthwash with fewer side-effects for plaque control and prevention of periodontal disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, Trauma Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Hassan Ali
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Shafiee
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Trauma Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad Hosein Kalantar
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Motamedi
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, Trauma Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Morteza
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mina
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Jamileh Beigom
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Taheri
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Somayyeh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Azimi
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Khojasteh
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Joharchi
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Zahra
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yadegari
authors.affiliation: Department of Statistics, Trauma Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Hamid Reza
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Rasouli
keywords: Cytotoxicity; fibroblast; traditional medicine