title: A Population-based Survey of the Prevalence, Potential Risk Factors, and Symptom-specific Bother of Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms in Adult Chinese Women.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Epidemiological studies of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) are few in China, and none has been conducted nationwide.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To estimate the prevalence and potential risk factors of LUTS and the bother they impose on adult women in China.
  
  
  METHODS
  This is the second analysis of a population-based cross-sectional survey on urinary incontinence conducted between February and July 2006 in six regions of China. Cluster samples were randomly selected for interviews.
  
  
  METHODS
  No intervention was implemented.
  
  
  METHODS
  A modified Chinese Bristol Female Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms questionnaire was administered. The participants were asked about the presence of individual LUTS and rated their symptom bother. Descriptive statistics, χ(2) tests, receiver operating characteristic curves, and multivariate logistic regressions were used for data analysis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A total of 18 992 respondents (94.96%) were included. The prevalence of any LUTS, storage symptoms, or voiding symptoms was 55.5%, 53.9%, and 12.9%, respectively, and increased with age. Nocturia was the most common symptom (23.4%), followed by urgency (23.3%) and stress urinary incontinence (SUI; 18.9%). Nocturia was most frequently rated as bothersome (93.0%) but was generally minor (80.5%). Urgency and urgency urinary incontinence (UUI) were most frequently reported as severe (11.5% and 10.8%) or moderate (18.5% and 16.8%) bothers. Any LUTS were more prevalent in urban women (57.1% vs 53.9%). Multiple factors increased the odds of bother and individual LUTS, and older age and coexisting pelvic organ prolapse were strong predictors (p<0.05). This survey was conducted 8 yr ago and did not assess all LUTS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Half of adult women suffered with LUTS; nocturia, urgency, and SUI were more prevalent. Urgency and UUI were most frequently reported as severe or moderate bothers. Multiple factors influenced bother and individual LUTS.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of lower urinary tract symptoms is high and increases with age in adult women in China. Urgency and urgency urinary incontinence were most frequently regarded as severe or moderate bothers and should be targeted for medical intervention.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China. Electronic address: zhu_julie@vip.sina.com.
authors.forename: Lan
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jinghe
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lang
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Shanxi Province, Shanxi, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Zhaoai
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Wuxi, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gong
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child-care Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Qing
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Foshan, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xiaochun
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D015897:Comorbidity; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D059411:Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms / Q000453:epidemiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D053158:Nocturia / Q000453:epidemiology*; D056887:Pelvic Organ Prolapse / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012424:Rural Population; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014505:Urban Population; D014550:Urinary Incontinence, Stress / Q000453:epidemiology*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Bother; China; Epidemiology; Lower urinary tract symptoms; Potential risk factors; Prevalence