title: Induction of histone H3K4 methylation at the promoter, enhancer, and transcribed regions of the Si and Sglt1 genes in rat jejunum in response to a high-starch/low-fat diet.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Histone methylation patterns are associated with various aspects of biology, including transcriptional regulation. Methylation of histone H3 at lysine 4 (H3K4) leads to transcriptional activation through recruitment of transcription activation complexes onto target genes; in contrast, methylation of histone H3K9, or histone H4K20, leads to transcriptional inactivation attracting heterochromatin protein 1 (HP1). It is not yet known whether jejunal induction of sucrase-isomaltase (Si) and sodium-dependent glucose cotransporter (Sglt1) genes by intake of a high-starch/low-fat diet in rats is regulated by coordinated changes of these histone methylation events. In the present study, we investigated whether these histone modifications at the promoter, enhancer, and transcribed regions of Si and Sglt1 genes in rat jejunum are affected by consumption of a high-starch/low-fat diet.
  
  
  METHODS
  Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays using antibodies against methylated-histone H3K4, H3K9, H4K20, and HP1 were performed at various regions associated with the Si and Sglt1 genes in jejunum of rats fed a high-starch/low-fat diet or a low-starch/high-fat diet for 7 d.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Feeding rats the high-starch/low-fat diet induced mono-, di-, and trimethylation of histone H3K4 on the promoter and transcribed regions of the Si and Sglt1 genes. In contrast, methylation of histones H3K9 and H4K20, and binding of HP1 at these gene regions, were not affected by the high-starch/low-fat diet.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These observations suggest that induction of Si and Sglt1 gene expression in rat jejunum by a high-starch/low-fat diet intake is positively associated with histone H3K4 methylation, but not with histone H3K9/H4K20 methylation, or with binding of HP1.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Nutritional Physiology, Department of Nutritional and Life Sciences, The University of Shizuoka, Graduate School of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, Shizuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Seiya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Nutritional Physiology, Department of Nutritional and Life Sciences, The University of Shizuoka, Graduate School of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, Shizuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazue
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Honma
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Nutritional Physiology, Department of Nutritional and Life Sciences, The University of Shizuoka, Graduate School of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, Shizuoka, Japan; Department of Local Produce and Food Sciences, Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Yamanashi, Kofu, Yamanashi, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mochizuki
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Nutritional Physiology, Department of Nutritional and Life Sciences, The University of Shizuoka, Graduate School of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, Shizuoka, Japan. Electronic address: gouda@u-shizouka-ken-ac.jp.
authors.forename: Toshinao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Goda
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000090266:Chromobox Protein Homolog 5; D002868:Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D019175:DNA Methylation; D018752:Diet, Fat-Restricted; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004742:Enhancer Elements, Genetic; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006657:Histones / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D007583:Jejunum / Q000378:metabolism*; D008239:Lysine / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D051269:Sodium-Glucose Transporter 1 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D013213:Starch / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D013394:Sucrase-Isomaltase Complex / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D014158:Transcription, Genetic
chemical_list: D002868:Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone; D004041:Dietary Fats; D006657:Histones; C495676:Slc5a1 protein, rat; D051269:Sodium-Glucose Transporter 1; D000090266:Chromobox Protein Homolog 5; D013213:Starch; D013394:Sucrase-Isomaltase Complex; D008239:Lysine
keywords: Dietary carbohydrate; Histone H3K4 methylation; Jejunum; Sodium-dependent glucose cotransporter; Sucrase-isomaltase