title: A retrospective comparative study of cone-beam computed tomography versus rendered panoramic images in identifying the presence, types, and characteristics of dens invaginatus in a Turkish population.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study assessed the presence, characteristics, and type of dens invaginatus (DI) by using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and panoramic images rendered from CBCT images. In addition, the findings of the imaging techniques were compared.
  
  
  METHODS
  We evaluated 300 CBCT images to determine the type of DI, the presence of an impacted tooth near the DI, and the presence of apical pathosis. The McNemar test was used to compare the prevalence of DI according to CBCT and panoramic images rendered from CBCT images.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The presence of DI was lower on panoramic images rendered from CBCT images (3% of the patients) compared with on CBCT images (10.7% of the patients) (P < .001). According to the CBCT images, the distribution of teeth with DI was as follows: maxillary lateral incisors (75%), maxillary central incisors (6.8%), mandibular premolars (4.6%), mesiodens (9%), maxillary canines (2.3%), and mandibular canines (2.3%). Type I DI was the most commonly observed type of invaginatus (65.9%), followed by type II (29.5%) and type III (4.6%). All patients with type III DI and 25% of the patients with type II DI had apical pathosis at the time of referral, but periapical lesions were not observed in teeth with type I DI. In total, 13.6% of DI cases had impacted teeth.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CBCT can be recommended as an effective diagnostic device for identifying DI because it provides an accurate representation of the external and internal dental anatomy.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Endodontics, İzmir Katip Çelebi University, İzmir, Turkey. Electronic address: capardt@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Ismail Davut
authors.initials: ID
authors.lastname: Capar
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Endodontics, İzmir Katip Çelebi University, İzmir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Huseyin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ertas
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Endodontics, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey.
authors.forename: Hakan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Arslan
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Oral Diagnosis and Radiology, İzmir Katip Çelebi University, İzmir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Elif
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tarim Ertas
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D054893:Cone-Beam Computed Tomography; D003719:Dens in Dente / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011862:Radiography, Panoramic; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014421:Turkey / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: CBCT; dens invaginatus; endodontics; mesiodens; prevalence; root canal morphology