title: Endothelial, renal and hepatic variables in Wistar rats treated with Vancomycin.
abstract: Vancomycin (VCM) is indicated in combat against Gram-positive infections, but it is not considered a first-choice drug because of its adverse effects. It is believed that oxidative stress is the primary mechanism of endothelial injury and the consequent VCM toxicity, which varies from phlebitis to nephrotoxicity. Moreover, dose recommendations, dilution, rates and types of infusion are still controversial. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of different VCM dilutions in endothelial, liver and kidney injuries by biochemical parameters and histopathological analysis. Wistar rats were randomly divided into six groups and subjected to femoral vein cannulation for drug administration. Control groups received 0.9 ml of saline and the others received VCM (10mg/Kg/day) at dilutions of 5.0 and 10.0 mg/mL for 3 and 7 days. Homocysteine, hs-CRP, AST, ALT, GGT, urea, creatinine, lycopene, alpha-tocopherol, beta-carotene and retinol were analyzed. Kidney, liver and cannulated femoral vein fragments were collected.This study showed alterations in ALT which featured hepatotoxicity. However, drug dilutions were not able to show changes in other biochemical parameters. In contrast, kidney and endothelium pathological changes were observed. More studies are needed to characterize VCM induced kidney and endothelium toxicity and biochemical markers able to show such morphological modifications.
authors.affiliation: Disciplina de Farmacologia, Departamento de Morfologia, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Santo André, SP, Brasil.
authors.forename: Felipe R
authors.initials: FR
authors.lastname: Bruniera
authors.affiliation: Disciplina de Farmacologia, Departamento de Morfologia, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Santo André, SP, Brasil.
authors.forename: Felipe M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Ferreira
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema, SP, Brasil.
authors.forename: Luiz R M
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Savioli
authors.affiliation: Disciplina de Farmacologia, Departamento de Morfologia, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Santo André, SP, Brasil.
authors.forename: Marcelo R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Bacci
authors.affiliation: Disciplina de Farmacologia, Departamento de Morfologia, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Santo André, SP, Brasil.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Feder
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema, SP, Brasil.
authors.forename: Edimar C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema, SP, Brasil.
authors.forename: Mavilde L G
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Pedreira
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema, SP, Brasil.
authors.forename: Maria A S
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Peterlini
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas, Departamento de Ciências Exatas e da Terra, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema, SP, Brasil.
authors.forename: Fábio F
authors.initials: FF
authors.lastname: Perazzo
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas, Departamento de Ciências Exatas e da Terra, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema, SP, Brasil.
authors.forename: Ligia A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Azzalis
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas, Departamento de Ciências Exatas e da Terra, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema, SP, Brasil.
authors.forename: Paulo C P
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Rosa
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema, SP, Brasil.
authors.forename: Virginia B C
authors.initials: VB
authors.lastname: Junqueira
authors.affiliation: Disciplina de Farmacologia, Departamento de Morfologia, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Santo André, SP, Brasil.
authors.forename: Monica A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.affiliation: Disciplina de Farmacologia, Departamento de Morfologia, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Santo André, SP, Brasil.
authors.forename: Fernando L A
authors.initials: FL
authors.lastname: Fonseca
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000633:toxicity*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005268:Femoral Vein / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D011897:Random Allocation; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D014640:Vancomycin / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D014640:Vancomycin