title: Evaluation of efficacy and tolerability of cefotaxime and sulbactam versus cefepime and tazobactam in patients of urinary tract infection-a prospective comparative study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Urinary tract infection (UTI) is the third most common infection experienced by humans after respiratory and gastro-intestinal infections. Cephalosporins are now widely been used in UTI, but emerging resistance is a problem to that. Our study aims at evaluating efficacy and safety of third generation cephalosporin combined with beta lactamase inhibitors compared with fourth generation cephalosporin.
  
  
  METHODS
  The present, open, randomised, parallel group comparative study includes 60 patients of urinary tract infection. Group A patient were put on treatment regimen of cefotaxime and sulbactam (0.5-2 gms IV/IM BD) and Group B patients were prescribed cefepime and tazobactam (0.5-1 gm IV/IM BD) depending upon urine culture and sensitivity pattern of causative agent and condition of the patient. Bacteriological cure rate, clinical cure rate will be assessed for efficacy and adverse drug reaction (ADR) recorded for evaluating safety.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The study showed a male predominance with 37 males (61.6%) and 23 (38.4%) females out of the total 60 patients with a maximum number within the age group of 50-70., and the most common organism isolated was E coli (73.3%), in rest of the patients Klebsiella (13.33%), Proteus (6.66%), and Staphylococcus (6.66%) were isolated. The overall bacteriological cure rate, in the present study, with cefotaxime/sulbactam and cefepime/tazobactam was 86.5%±6.5 and 93.3%±6.7 respectively. The clinical cure rate post five days of therapay, in goup A1 was 79.03%±2.82 and the same in group B1 was 87% ± 2.11. The clinical cure rate post ten days of therapy in group A2 98.57±0.03 and the same in group B2was 100%. Overall success rate as evaluated by our data in the present study in group A i.e those treated with cefotaxime/sulbactam was 89.28±9.1% and in group B i.e. those treated with cefepime/ tazobactam and 94.49±5.06%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  From the present study, those drugs in both generations of cephalosporins combined with beta lactamase inhibitors cefotaxime/sulbactam and cefepime/tazobactam were equally effective and well tolerated in the treatment of UTI. However the cost effectiveness and safety parameters are the important deciding factors for prescribing the same.
authors.affiliation: Assistant Professor, Department of Pharmacology, GGS Medical College , Faridkot, Punjab, India .
authors.forename: Kamalpreet
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kaur
authors.affiliation: Professor and Head, Department of Pharmacology, Medical College , Patiala, Punjab, India .
authors.forename: Anita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.affiliation: Professor and Head, Department of Urology, Medical College Patiala , Punjab, India .
authors.forename: Amarjeet
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.affiliation: Professor and Head, Department of Microbiology, Medical College Patiala , Punjab, India .
authors.forename: Geeta
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Walia
authors.affiliation: Medical Officer, Department of Surgery, Civil Hospital , Badal, Punjab, India .
authors.forename: Bikramdeep
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: Resident, Department of Pharmacology, GMC , Patiala, Punjab, India .
authors.forename: Kiranpreet
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kaur
keywords: Cephalosporins; Resistance; Urinary tract infection