title: Lanthanum rather than cadmium induces oxidative stress and metabolite changes in Hypericum perforatum.
abstract: Physiology, oxidative stress and production of metabolites in Hypericum perforatum exposed to moderate Cd and/or La concentration (10 μM) were studied. La evoked increase in reactive oxygen species, malondialdehyde and proline but suppressed growth, tissue water content, glutathione, ascorbic acid and affected mineral nutrient contents more than Cd while the impact of Cd+La was not synergistic. Similar trend was observed at the level of superoxide dismutase gene expression. Shoot Cd amount increased in Cd+La while only root La increased in the same treatment. Extensive quantification of secondary metabolites revealed that La affected phenolic acids more pronouncedly than Cd in shoots and roots. Flavonols were suppressed by La that could contribute to the appearance of oxidative damage. Procyanidins increased in response to La in the shoots but decreased in the roots. Metabolic responses in Cd+La treatment resembled those of La treatment (almost identically in the roots). Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activity was mainly suppressed by La. The presence of La also depleted amount of hypericin and expression of its putative gene (hyp-1) showed similar trend but accumulation of hyperforin increased under Cd or La excess. Clear differences in the stem and root anatomy in response to Cd or La were also found. Overall, H. perforatum is La-sensitive species and rather Cd ameliorated negative impact of La.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Petr
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Babula
authors.affiliation: Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic; CEITEC-Central European Institute of Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Bořivoj
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Klejdus
authors.affiliation: Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic; CEITEC-Central European Institute of Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic. Electronic address: jozkovacik@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Jozef
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kovacik
authors.affiliation: Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Josef
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hedbavny
authors.affiliation: Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Marián
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hlavna
mesh_terms: D018533:Biomass; D002104:Cadmium / Q000633:toxicity*; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000633:toxicity*; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000378:metabolism; D062385:Hydroxybenzoates / Q000378:metabolism; D020902:Hypericum / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D007811:Lanthanum / Q000633:toxicity*; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D036226:Seedlings / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D005419:Flavonoids; D062385:Hydroxybenzoates; D002104:Cadmium; D007811:Lanthanum
keywords: Antioxidants; Fluorescence microscopy; HPLC-MS/MS; Oxidative stress; Rare earth elements