title: Treatment of alopecia areata with topical sensitizers.
abstract: For those with severe alopecia areata, with greater than 50% scalp involvement, topical immunotherapy with diphenylcyclopropenone or squaric acid dibutylester is considered the treatment of choice. This article not only reviews the safety and efficacy of topical sensitizers for the treatment of alopecia areata but also highlights strides that have been made in the literature concerning their use in pediatric populations, molecular mechanisms of efficacy, and improved safety through targeted delivery methods.
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Dermatology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore.
authors.forename: Lesley
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sutherland
authors.forename: Mary
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Laschinger
authors.forename: Zain U
authors.initials: ZU
authors.lastname: Syed
authors.forename: Anthony
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gaspari
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D000506:Alopecia Areata / Q000188:drug therapy*; D003503:Cyclobutanes / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003521:Cyclopropanes / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D003503:Cyclobutanes; D003521:Cyclopropanes; C020637:squaric acid dibutyl ester; C029402:diphenylcyclopropenone