title: Deciphering the protective role of spermidine against saline-alkaline stress at physiological and proteomic levels in tomato.
abstract: In this research, the protective effect of spermidine (Spd) in mitigating saline-alkaline stress in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) at physiological and proteomic levels were examined. The results showed that saline-alkaline stress induced accumulation of H2O2 and O2(-*), and increased the activities of antioxidase (SOD, CAT, and POD). Spermidine efficiently alleviated the inhibitory role of saline-alkaline on plant growth and inhibited saline-alkaline stress-induced H2O2 and O2(-*) accumulation. Proteomics investigations of the leaves of tomato seedlings, responding to a 75 mM saline-alkaline solution and 0.25 mM Spd, were performed. Maps of the proteome of leaf extracts were obtained by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. An average of 49, 47 and 34 spots, which appeared repeatedly and that significantly altered the relative amounts of polypeptides by more than twofold, were detected for seedlings treated with saline-alkaline solution (S) compared to normal solution (CK), saline-alkaline plus spermidine (MS) compared to CK, or S versus MS, respectively. Thirty-nine of these proteins were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry and were classified into five functional categories, including energy and metabolism, signal transduction, amino acid metabolism, protein metabolism, and stress-defense response. Proteomics analysis coupled with bioinformatics indicated that Spd treatment helps tomato seedlings combat saline-alkaline stress by modulating the defense mechanism of plants and activating cellular detoxification, which protect plants from oxidative damage induced by saline-alkaline stress.
authors.affiliation: College of Horticulture, Northwest Agricultural & Forestry University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Engineering in Northwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest Agricultural & Forestry University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China.
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: College of Horticulture, Northwest Agricultural & Forestry University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Engineering in Northwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest Agricultural & Forestry University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
authors.forename: Hao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: College of Horticulture, Northwest Agricultural & Forestry University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Engineering in Northwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest Agricultural & Forestry University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
authors.forename: Zhi-Rong
authors.initials: ZR
authors.lastname: Zou
authors.affiliation: College of Horticulture, Northwest Agricultural & Forestry University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Engineering in Northwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest Agricultural & Forestry University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: College of Horticulture, Northwest Agricultural & Forestry University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Engineering in Northwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest Agricultural & Forestry University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China. Electronic address: hxh1977@163.com.
authors.forename: Xiao-Hui
authors.initials: XH
authors.lastname: Hu
mesh_terms: D018551:Solanum lycopersicum / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism*; D040901:Proteomics; D036226:Seedlings / Q000378:metabolism; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000378:metabolism*; D019032:Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization; D013095:Spermidine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013312:Stress, Physiological
chemical_list: D012965:Sodium Chloride; D013095:Spermidine
keywords: Proteomics; Saline–alkaline stress; Solanaceae; Spermidine; Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)