title: Bioactive β-carbolines norharman and harman in traditional and novel raw materials for chicory coffee.
abstract: The β-carboline compounds norharman and harman exhibit neuroactive activity in the human body. Chicory coffee has proved to be a source of β-carboline compounds. This study assessed the norharman and harman contents of traditional and novel raw materials for the production of chicory coffee, as well as in samples of chicory coffee with novel additives. The highest content of the β-carbolines among the traditional raw materials was recorded in roasted sugar beet (2.26 μg/g), while roasting the chicory caused a 25-fold increase in the content of norharman in this raw material (from 0.05 to 1.25 μg/g). In novel raw materials not subjected to the action of high temperature, β-carboline was not detected. Among the roasted novel raw materials, the highest contents of harman and norharman were found in artichokes. High harman levels were also recorded in roasted chokeberry.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Concentrates and Starch Products, Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology, Starołęcka 48, 61-361 Poznań, Poland.
authors.forename: Elżbieta
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Wojtowicz
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 28, 60-637 Poznań, Poland.
authors.forename: Renata
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zawirska-Wojtasiak
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Concentrates and Starch Products, Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology, Starołęcka 48, 61-361 Poznań, Poland.
authors.forename: Krzysztof
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Przygoński
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 28, 60-637 Poznań, Poland.
authors.forename: Sylwia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mildner-Szkudlarz
mesh_terms: D001628:Beverages; D002243:Carbolines / Q000737:chemistry*; D018651:Cichorium intybus / Q000737:chemistry*; D003069:Coffee / Q000737:chemistry*; D006247:Harmine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry; D006358:Hot Temperature
chemical_list: D002243:Carbolines; D003069:Coffee; D006247:Harmine; C005010:harman; C010262:norharman
keywords: Chicory coffee; Harman; Norharman; Raw materials; β-Carbolines