title: Achievement of metabolic control goals set by the American Diabetes Association and the International Society for Pediatric and Adolescent Diabetes in pediatric patients with type 1 diabetes from Spain.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The "T1D Exchange Clinic Registry" of 13.316 pediatric patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) in U.S. recently revealed that most children have HbA1c values above target levels established by the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the International Society for Pediatric and Adolescent Diabetes (ISPAD). The aim of this study is to assess the proportion of youngsters with T1D who meet the internationally accepted targets for good metabolic control of diabetes at a single, referral Pediatric Diabetes Center in Spain.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional study of 236 children and adolescents with T1D controlled at our Pediatric Diabetes Unit. We analyzed the compliance to metabolic goals set by ADA and ISPAD and the differences between patients treated with continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion and multiple daily injections.
  
  
  METHODS
  SPSS™ version 21.0.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean age: 12.6 ± 4.6 years old, mean age at diagnosis: 6.1 ± 4.3 years old and mean diabetes duration: 6.4 ± 4.3 years; 47% female. HbA1c average: 6.7 ± 0.7% (49.7 ± 7.6 mmol/mol). The age-specific ADA and ISPAD HbA1c targets were achieved by 93% and 91% of patients, respectively. Among pump users, 97%/97% met ADA/ISPAD HbA1c targets compared to 87%/88% of MDI users (p = 0.04/p = 0.03), without significant differences in the analysis by groups of age. Among participants, 95%, 62%, 95%, 98% and 89% met HDLc, LDLc, triglycerides, BP and BMI targets.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Most patients in our children and adolescent cohort of T1D patients correctly achieve metabolic goals established by ADA and ISPAD with low incidence of hypoglycemia.
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Diabetes Unit, Ramón y Cajal Hospital, Alcalá University, Madrid, Spain. Electronic address: patrienes@msn.com.
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Enes
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Diabetes Unit, Ramón y Cajal Hospital, Alcalá University, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: María
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Martín-Frías
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Diabetes Unit, Ramón y Cajal Hospital, Alcalá University, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Ma Ángeles
authors.initials: MÁ
authors.lastname: Álvarez
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Diabetes Unit, Ramón y Cajal Hospital, Alcalá University, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Rosa
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yelmo
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Diabetes Unit, Ramón y Cajal Hospital, Alcalá University, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Milagros
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Alonso
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Diabetes Unit, Ramón y Cajal Hospital, Alcalá University, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Raquel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Barrio
mesh_terms: D000124:Achievement; D000293:Adolescent; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002648:Child; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D006040:Goals; D006801:Humans; D007003:Hypoglycemia / Q000453:epidemiology; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015994:Incidence; D007267:Injections; D007328:Insulin / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007332:Insulin Infusion Systems; D050356:Lipid Metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D012955:Societies, Medical / Q000592:standards*; D013030:Spain / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin
keywords: Diabetes; HbA1c; Insulin pump; Pediatric