title: The influence of the microscope lamp filament colour temperature on the process of digital images of histological slides acquisition standardization.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study is to compare the digital images of the tissue biopsy captured with optical microscope using bright field technique under various light conditions. The range of colour's variation in immunohistochemically stained with 3,3'-Diaminobenzidine and Haematoxylin tissue samples is immense and coming from various sources. One of them is inadequate setting of camera's white balance to microscope's light colour temperature. Although this type of error can be easily handled during the stage of image acquisition, it can be eliminated with use of colour adjustment algorithms. The examination of the dependence of colour variation from microscope's light temperature and settings of the camera is done as an introductory research to the process of automatic colour standardization.
  
  
  METHODS
  Six fields of view with empty space among the tissue samples have been selected for analysis. Each field of view has been acquired 225 times with various microscope light temperature and camera white balance settings. The fourteen randomly chosen images have been corrected and compared, with the reference image, by the following methods: Mean Square Error, Structural SIMilarity and visual assessment of viewer.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For two types of backgrounds and two types of objects, the statistical image descriptors: range, median, mean and its standard deviation of chromaticity on a and b channels from CIELab colour space, and luminance L, and local colour variability for objects' specific area have been calculated. The results have been averaged for 6 images acquired in the same light conditions and camera settings for each sample.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The analysis of the results leads to the following conclusions: (1) the images collected with white balance setting adjusted to light colour temperature clusters in certain area of chromatic space, (2) the process of white balance correction for images collected with white balance camera settings not matched to the light temperature moves image descriptors into proper chromatic space but simultaneously the value of luminance changes. So the process of the image unification in a sense of colour fidelity can be solved in separate introductory stage before the automatic image analysis.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Korzynska
authors.forename: Lukasz
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Roszkowiak
authors.forename: Dorota
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pijanowska
authors.forename: Wojciech
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Kozlowski
authors.forename: Tomasz
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Markiewicz
mesh_terms: D015100:3,3'-Diaminobenzidine; D000465:Algorithms; D003116:Color; D006416:Hematoxylin; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D008853:Microscopy; D061848:Optical Imaging; D012984:Software; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D015100:3,3'-Diaminobenzidine; D006416:Hematoxylin