title: Spray-dried plasma promotes growth, modulates the activity of antioxidant defenses, and enhances the immune status of gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) fingerlings.
abstract: Terrestrial animal byproduct meals, including nonruminant blood meal and blood products, represent the largest and largely untapped safe source of animal protein available within the international market for the aquafeed industry. Spray-dried blood and spray-dried plasma (SDP) proteins have long been recognized as high-quality feed ingredients for farmed animals. In this study, we evaluated the inclusion of SDP from porcine blood (SDPP) in growing diets for gilthead sea bream. Three isonitrogenous (CP = 51.2%) and isolipidic (fat = 12.4%) diets manufactured by cold extrusion (0.8 to 1.5 mm pellet size) were prepared by substituting high-quality fish meal with 0, 3, and 6% SDPP. The diets were tested for a period of 60 d at 22°C with 4 replicates each (400-L cylindroconical tanks, 150 fish per tank, and initial density = 0.5 kg/m(3)). The SDPP inclusion in diets for gilthead sea bream fingerlings were evaluated in terms of growth performance, feed utilization, histological organization of the intestinal mucosa, activity of oxidative stress enzymes (catalase, glutathione S-transferase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase) in the intestine, and nonspecific serum immune parameters (lysozyme and bactericidal activity). Results from this study indicated that dietary SDPP promoted fish growth in terms of BW and length; fish fed 3% SDPP were 10.5% heavier (P < 0.05) than those fed the control diet. Spray-dried plasma from porcine blood modulated the activity of the antioxidative defenses in the intestine (P < 0.05) and increased the density of goblet cells in the intestine (P < 0.05) and benefited the host by providing an effective immune barrier against gut pathogenic microbiota. The nonspecific serum immune response in fish fed diets with SDPP was greater (P < 0.05) than in fish fed the control diet. These results indicated that the inclusion of SDPP in gilthead sea bream feed could be beneficial for the fish by enhancing intestinal and serum innate immune function and the activity of antioxidative stress enzymes of the intestine and promoting growth performance.
authors.affiliation: IRTA-SCR; Unitat de Cultius Aqüícoles, Crta. Poble Nou del Delta km 5.5, 43540 Sant Carles de la Rápita, Spain enric.gisbert@irta.cat.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gisbert
authors.affiliation: IRTA-SCR; Unitat de Cultius Aqüícoles, Crta. Poble Nou del Delta km 5.5, 43540 Sant Carles de la Rápita, Spain Laboratoire OLMAN-RL, Faculté Pluridisciplinaire de Nador, Université Mohamed I, 62700 Séloune- Nador, Morocco.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Skalli
authors.affiliation: APC Europe SA, Avda. Sant Julià 246-258, Pol. Industrial El Congost, 08403 Granollers, Spain.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Campbell
authors.affiliation: Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Frunze Str. 11, Novosibirsk 630091, Russia.
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Solovyev
authors.affiliation: APC Europe SA, Avda. Sant Julià 246-258, Pol. Industrial El Congost, 08403 Granollers, Spain.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rodríguez
authors.affiliation: SPAROS Lda, Area Empresarial de Marim, Lote C, 8700-221 Olhão, Portugal.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dias
authors.affiliation: APC Europe SA, Avda. Sant Julià 246-258, Pol. Industrial El Congost, 08403 Granollers, Spain.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Polo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism*; D001798:Blood Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001823:Body Composition / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D004032:Diet / Q000662:veterinary*; D006128:Growth / Q000187:drug effects; D007107:Immune System / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D021541:Sea Bream / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000276:immunology*; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D001798:Blood Proteins
keywords: fish; goblet cells; immunostimulant; oxidative stress; spray-dried plasma