title: Assimilating endocrine anatomy through simulation: a pre-emptive strike!
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We sought to determine if endocrine anatomy could be learned with the aid of a hands-on, low-cost, low-fidelity surgical simulation curriculum and pre-emptive 60-second YouTube video clip.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 3-hour endocrine surgery simulation session was held on back-to-back Fridays. A video clip was made available to the 2nd group of learners. A comprehensive 40-point test was administered before (pre-test) and after (post-test) the sessions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  General surgery interns (n = 26) participated. The video was viewed 19 times by 80% (12 of 15) of interns with access. Viewers outperformed nonviewers on subsequent post-testing (mean [SD], 29.7 [1.3] vs 24.4 [1.6]; P = .015). Mean scores on the anatomy section of the post-test were higher among viewers than nonviewers (mean [SD] 14.2 [.9] vs 10.3 [1.0]; P = .012).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Low-cost simulation models can be used to teach endocrine anatomy. Pre-emptive viewing of a 60-second video may have been a key factor resulting in higher post-test scores compared with controls, suggesting that the video intervention improved the educational effectiveness of the session.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
authors.forename: Phillip G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Rowse
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
authors.forename: Raaj K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Ruparel
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
authors.forename: Rushin D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Brahmbhatt
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
authors.forename: Benzon M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Dy
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
authors.forename: Yazan N
authors.initials: YN
authors.lastname: AlJamal
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
authors.forename: Jad
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Abdelsattar
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA. Electronic address: farley.david@mayo.edu.
authors.forename: David R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Farley
mesh_terms: D002983:Clinical Competence; D003198:Computer Simulation; D003194:Computer-Assisted Instruction / Q000379:methods*; D004502:Education, Medical, Continuing / Q000379:methods*; D004521:Educational Measurement; D013507:Endocrine Surgical Procedures / Q000193:education*; D004703:Endocrine System / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D007396:Internship and Residency / Q000379:methods*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D014741:Video Recording
keywords: Endocrine surgery; Simulation; Surgical education