title: Activated carbons impregnated with iron oxide nanoparticles for enhanced removal of bisphenol A and natural organic matter.
abstract: The removal of bisphenol A (BPA) is important for the provision of safe drinking water, but its removal in the presence of natural organic matter (NOM) is challenging. Thus, the present study involved the fabrication and characterization of powdered activated carbons impregnated with iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPACs) with respect to the simultaneous removal of BPA and NOM. The number of Fe ions loaded into the PAC pores was optimized in terms of exposure time. Impregnation with iron oxide reduced the surface area and pore volume, but the pore size was maintained. IONPAC adsorbents had considerably greater sorption capabilities for BPA and NOM compared to native, bare PAC particles. The adsorption capacities of BPA and NOM were in the following sequence: bare PAC<hematite/PAC < magnetite/PAC < ferrihydrite/PAC. The enhanced removal by IONPACs was attributable to the surface coordination between the functional groups in the iron oxides (e.g., hydroxyl groups) and organics (e.g., phenolic/carboxyl groups). Iron oxide impregnation enabled the BPA uptake to be maintained in the presence of NOM, indicating that the hybrid adsorbent provided synergistic adsorption characteristics for BPA and NOM. Although the solution pH had a negligible impact on BPA uptake, the ionic strength showed a significant effect, particularly in the presence of divalent Ca ions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 702-701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hak-Soon
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 702-701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Janardhan Reddy
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Koduru
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 702-701, Republic of Korea; Advanced Institute of Water Industry, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 702-701, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: chookh@knu.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Kwang-Ho
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Choo
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical System Engineering, Keimyung University, 2800 Dalgubeoldae-ro, Dalseo-gu, Daegu 704-701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Byungwhan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D002606:Charcoal / Q000737:chemistry*; D005290:Ferric Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*; D006812:Humic Substances / Q000032:analysis; D007700:Kinetics; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D010316:Particle Size; D010636:Phenols / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D013499:Surface Properties; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D018508:Water Purification / Q000379:methods*; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds
chemical_list: D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds; D002606:Charcoal; D005290:Ferric Compounds; D006812:Humic Substances; D010636:Phenols; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C000499:ferric oxide; C006780:bisphenol A; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds
keywords: Bisphenol A; Hybrid adsorbent; Iron oxide nanoparticles; Natural organic matter; Surface coordination