title: Annealing free, clean graphene transfer using alternative polymer scaffolds.
abstract: We examine the transfer of graphene grown by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) with polymer scaffolds of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), poly(lactic acid) (PLA), poly(phthalaldehyde) (PPA), and poly(bisphenol A carbonate) (PC). We find that optimally reactive PC scaffolds provide the cleanest graphene transfers without any annealing, after extensive comparison with optical microscopy, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, and scanning tunneling microscopy. Comparatively, films transferred with PLA, PPA, PMMA/PC, and PMMA have a two-fold higher roughness and a five-fold higher chemical doping. Using PC scaffolds, we demonstrate the clean transfer of CVD multilayer graphene, fluorinated graphene, and hexagonal boron nitride. Our annealing free, PC transfers enable the use of atomically-clean nanomaterials in biomolecule encapsulation and flexible electronic applications.
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA. Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA. Micro and Nanotechnology Lab, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
authors.forename: Joshua D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Wood
authors.forename: Gregory P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Doidge
authors.forename: Enrique A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Carrion
authors.forename: Justin C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Koepke
authors.forename: Joshua A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Kaitz
authors.forename: Isha
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Datye
authors.forename: Ashkan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Behnam
authors.forename: Jayan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hewaparakrama
authors.forename: Basil
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Aruin
authors.forename: Yaofeng
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Hefei
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.forename: Richard T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Haasch
authors.forename: Joseph W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Lyding
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Pop
mesh_terms: D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*; D001896:Boron Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D006108:Graphite / Q000737:chemistry*; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D018625:Microscopy, Atomic Force; D016252:Microscopy, Scanning Tunneling; D049329:Nanostructures / Q000737:chemistry*; D056951:Photoelectron Spectroscopy; D011091:Polyesters; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry*; D019904:Polymethyl Methacrylate / Q000737:chemistry; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds; D000098827:Polycarbonates
chemical_list: D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds; D001896:Boron Compounds; D006108:Graphite; D019344:Lactic Acid; D011091:Polyesters; D011108:Polymers; D019904:Polymethyl Methacrylate; C028237:bisphenol-A-polycarbonate; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds; D000098827:Polycarbonates; C017282:boron nitride; C033616:poly(lactide)