title: Spatial and temporal characteristics of error-related activity in the human brain.
abstract: A number of studies have focused on the role of specific brain regions, such as the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex during trials on which participants make errors, whereas others have implicated a host of more widely distributed regions in the human brain. Previous work has proposed that there are multiple cognitive control networks, raising the question of whether error-related activity can be found in each of these networks. Thus, to examine error-related activity broadly, we conducted a meta-analysis consisting of 12 tasks that included both error and correct trials. These tasks varied by stimulus input (visual, auditory), response output (button press, speech), stimulus category (words, pictures), and task type (e.g., recognition memory, mental rotation). We identified 41 brain regions that showed a differential fMRI BOLD response to error and correct trials across a majority of tasks. These regions displayed three unique response profiles: (1) fast, (2) prolonged, and (3) a delayed response to errors, as well as a more canonical response to correct trials. These regions were found mostly in several control networks, each network predominantly displaying one response profile. The one exception to this "one network, one response profile" observation is the frontoparietal network, which showed prolonged response profiles (all in the right hemisphere), and fast profiles (all but one in the left hemisphere). We suggest that, in the place of a single localized error mechanism, these findings point to a large-scale set of error-related regions across multiple systems that likely subserve different functions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, maitalneta@unl.edu.
authors.forename: Maital
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Neta
authors.affiliation: Departments of Neurology, Radiology, Departments of Psychology and.
authors.forename: Francis M
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3806-2130
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Miezin
authors.affiliation: VISN 17 Center of Excellence for Research on Returning War Veterans, Waco, Texas 76711.
authors.forename: Steven M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Nelson
authors.affiliation: Departments of Neurology.
authors.forename: Joseph W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Dubis
authors.affiliation: Departments of Neurology.
authors.forename: Nico U F
authors.initials: NU
authors.lastname: Dosenbach
authors.affiliation: Departments of Neurology, Radiology, Pediatrics, Anatomy and Neurobiology, and.
authors.forename: Bradley L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Schlaggar
authors.affiliation: Departments of Neurology, Radiology, Anatomy and Neurobiology, and Neurosurgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Departments of Psychology and Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St Louis, Missouri 63110, and.
authors.forename: Steven E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Petersen
mesh_terms: D000161:Acoustic Stimulation / Q000379:methods; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001921:Brain / Q000502:physiology*; D001931:Brain Mapping / Q000379:methods*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009415:Nerve Net / Q000502:physiology*; D010775:Photic Stimulation / Q000379:methods; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000502:physiology*; D013997:Time Factors; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: error; functional networks; meta-analysis; resting state; task control