title: Effect of hand paddles and parachute on butterfly coordination.
abstract: This study investigated the effects of hand paddles, parachute and hand paddles plus parachute on the inter-limb coordination of butterfly swimming. Thirteen male swimmers were evaluated in four random maximal intensity conditions: without equipment, with hand paddles, with parachute and with hand paddles + parachute. Arm and leg stroke phases were identified by 2D video analysis to calculate the total time gap (T1: time between hands' entry in the water and high break-even point of the first undulation; T2: time between the beginning of the hand's backward movement and low break-even point of the first undulation; T3: time between the hand's arrival in a vertical plane to the shoulders and high break-even point of the second undulation; T4: time between the hand's release from the water and low break-even point of the second undulation). The swimming velocity was reduced and T1, T2 and T3 increased in parachute and hand paddles + parachute. No changes were observed in T4. Total time gap decreased in parachute and hand paddles + parachute. It is concluded that hand paddles do not influence the arm-to-leg coordination in butterfly, while parachute and hand paddles + parachute do change it, providing a greater propulsive continuity.
authors.affiliation: a Sport Science Department , State University of Campinas , Campinas , Brazil.
authors.forename: Thiago
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Telles
authors.forename: Renato
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Barroso
authors.forename: Augusto Carvalho
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Barbosa
authors.forename: Diego Fortes de Souza
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Salgueiro
authors.forename: Emilson
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Colantonio
authors.forename: Orival
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Andries Júnior
mesh_terms: D001132:Arm / Q000502:physiology*; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D006801:Humans; D007866:Leg / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D009048:Motor Skills / Q000502:physiology*; D019876:Sports Equipment; D013550:Swimming / Q000502:physiology*; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis; D014741:Video Recording; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: kinematics; motor control; resistance; swimming