title: Similarities and differences among Internet gaming disorder, gambling disorder and alcohol use disorder: a focus on impulsivity and compulsivity.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the present study was to test the impulsivities and compulsivities of behavioral addictions, including Internet gaming disorder (IGD) and gambling disorder (GD), by directly comparing them with alcohol use disorder (AUD) and a healthy control (HC) group.
  
  
  METHODS
  We enrolled male patients who were diagnosed with IGD, GD or AUD, with 15 patients per group, as well as 15 HCs. Trait impulsivity was measured using the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale version 11 (BIS-11). The stop-signal test (SST) from the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB) was used to assess the patients’ abilities to inhibit prepotent responses. Compulsivity was measured using the intra–extra dimensional set shift (IED) test from the CANTAB. The Trail Making Test (TMT) was also used in this study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The IGD and AUD groups scored significantly higher on the BIS-11 as a whole than did the HC group (p = 0.001 and p = 0.001, respectively). The IGD and AUD groups also scored significantly higher on the BIS-11 as a whole than did the GD group (p = 0.006 and p = 0.001, respectively). In addition, the GDgroup made significantly more errors (p = 0.017 and p = 0.022, respectively) and more individuals failed to achieve criterion on the IED test compared with the IGD and HC groups (p = 0.018 and p = 0.017, respectively). Discussion: These findings may aid in the understanding of not only the differences in categorical aspects between individuals with IGD and GD but also in impulsivity–compulsivity dimensional domains.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Additional studies are needed to elucidate the neurocognitive characteristics of behavioral addictive disorders in terms of impulsivity and compulsivity.
authors.affiliation: Eulji University Department of Psychiatry, Gangnam Eulji Hospital Seoul South Korea Eulji University Eulji Addiction Institute Seoul South Korea.
authors.forename: Sam-Wook
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Myongji Hospital Department of Psychiatry Goyang South Korea.
authors.forename: Hyun Soo
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: the Catholic University of Korea Clinical Research Center for Depression, Department of Psychiatry, St. Mary's Hospital Seoul South Korea.
authors.forename: Ga-Young
authors.initials: GY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center Department of Psychiatry 20 Boramae-ro 5-gil, Dongjak-gu Seoul 156-707 South Korea.
authors.forename: Yeongju
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Jeon
authors.affiliation: SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center Department of Psychiatry 20 Boramae-ro 5-gil, Dongjak-gu Seoul 156-707 South Korea.
authors.forename: Su Mi
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center Department of Psychiatry 20 Boramae-ro 5-gil, Dongjak-gu Seoul 156-707 South Korea Seoul National University College of Medicine Department of Psychiatry Seoul South Korea.
authors.forename: Jun-Young
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center Department of Psychiatry 20 Boramae-ro 5-gil, Dongjak-gu Seoul 156-707 South Korea Seoul National University College of Medicine Department of Psychiatry Seoul South Korea.
authors.forename: Hee Yeon
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.affiliation: SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center Department of Psychiatry 20 Boramae-ro 5-gil, Dongjak-gu Seoul 156-707 South Korea Seoul National University College of Medicine Department of Psychiatry Seoul South Korea.
authors.forename: Bo Kyoung
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Sohn
authors.affiliation: SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center Department of Psychiatry 20 Boramae-ro 5-gil, Dongjak-gu Seoul 156-707 South Korea Seoul National University College of Medicine Department of Psychiatry Seoul South Korea.
authors.forename: Jung-Seok
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: The Catholic University of Korea Department of Psychiatry, Seoul St Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine 202 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu Seoul 137-701 South Korea.
authors.forename: Dai-Jin
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D019973:Alcohol-Related Disorders / Q000503:physiopathology*; D016739:Behavior, Addictive / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003192:Compulsive Behavior / Q000503:physiopathology; D005715:Gambling / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D007175:Impulsive Behavior / Q000502:physiology*; D020407:Internet; D008297:Male; D018910:Video Games / Q000523:psychology*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Internet gaming disorder; alcohol use disorder; behavioral addiction; compulsivity; gambling disorder; impulsivity