title: Optimization of sustained release aceclofenac microspheres using response surface methodology.
abstract: Polymeric microspheres containing aceclofenac were prepared by single emulsion (oil-in-water) solvent evaporation method using response surface methodology (RSM). Microspheres were prepared by changing formulation variables such as the amount of Eudragit® RS100 and the amount of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) by statistical experimental design in order to enhance the encapsulation efficiency (E.E.) of the microspheres. The resultant microspheres were evaluated for their size, morphology, E.E., and in vitro drug release. The amount of Eudragit® RS100 and the amount of PVA were found to be significant factors respectively for determining the E.E. of the microspheres. A linear mathematical model equation fitted to the data was used to predict the E.E. in the optimal region. Optimized formulation of microspheres was prepared using optimal process variables setting in order to evaluate the optimization capability of the models generated according to IV-optimal design. The microspheres showed high E.E. (74.14±0.015% to 85.34±0.011%) and suitably sustained drug release (minimum; 40% to 60%; maximum) over a period of 12h. The optimized microspheres formulation showed E.E. of 84.87±0.005 with small error value (1.39). The low magnitudes of error and the significant value of R(2) in the present investigation prove the high prognostic ability of the design. The absence of interactions between drug and polymers was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray powder diffractometry (XRPD) revealed the dispersion of drug within microspheres formulation. The microspheres were found to be discrete, spherical with smooth surface. The results demonstrate that these microspheres could be promising delivery system to sustain the drug release and improve the E.E. thus prolong drug action and achieve the highest healing effect with minimal gastrointestinal side effects.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University Institute of Chemical Technology, North Maharashtra University, Jalgaon, 425 001 Maharashtra, India.
authors.forename: Rameshwar K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Deshmukh
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University Institute of Chemical Technology, North Maharashtra University, Jalgaon, 425 001 Maharashtra, India. Electronic address: jitunaik@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Jitendra B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Naik
mesh_terms: D002152:Calorimetry, Differential Scanning; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations / Q000737:chemistry*; D004008:Diclofenac / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D008863:Microspheres; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction
chemical_list: D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D004008:Diclofenac; C056498:aceclofenac
keywords: Aceclofenac microspheres; Biocompatible polymers; IV-Optimal design; Microencapsulation; Response surface methodology