title: Resveratrol nanoformulations: challenges and opportunities.
abstract: Resveratrol, a naturally occurring polyphenol and phytoalexin, has received significant attention in recent years due to its vast therapeutic effects including anticancer, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. However, poor pharmacokinetic properties such as low aqueous solubility, low photostability and extensive first pass metabolism result in poor bioavailability, hindering its immense potential. Conventional dosage forms such as dry powder capsules and injections have met with limited success, demonstrating challenges faced in developing an effective formulation. Recently, nanotechnology-based formulations (nanoformulations) are being looked upon as a novel method for improving the pharmacokinetic properties, as well as enhancing targetability and bioavailability of resveratrol. This review outlines the therapeutic potential of resveratrol, explores its mechanisms of action and pharmacokinetic limitations, and discusses the success and challenges of resveratrol-encapsulated nanoparticles in the last decade. Potential techniques to improve encapsulation of the drug within nanoparticles, thereby enhancing its clinical potential are highlighted.
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
authors.forename: Natalie
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Summerlin
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
authors.forename: Ernest
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Soo
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
authors.forename: Sachin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Thakur
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
authors.forename: Zhi
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Qu
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Mucosal Diseases Group, Mater Research Institute - The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, 37 Kent St., Woolloongabba, Queensland 4102, Australia.
authors.forename: Siddharth
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jambhrunkar
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Mucosal Diseases Group, Mater Research Institute - The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, 37 Kent St., Woolloongabba, Queensland 4102, Australia. Electronic address: a.popat@uq.edu.au.
authors.forename: Amirali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Popat
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D001682:Biological Availability; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D053758:Nanoparticles; D036103:Nanotechnology; D000077185:Resveratrol; D012995:Solubility; D013267:Stilbenes / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D013267:Stilbenes; D000077185:Resveratrol
keywords: Anticancer; Nanoformulation; Resveratrol; Solubility enhancement; Targeting