title: Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Water Chestnut Extract on Cytokine Responses via Nuclear Factor-κB-signaling Pathway.
abstract: Water chestnut (Trapa japonica Flerov.) is an annual aquatic plant. In the present study, we showed that the treatment of water chestnut extracted with boiling water resulted in a significant increase 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical-scavenging activity and decrease the intracellular H2O2-induced accumulation of reactive oxygen species. In addition, water chestnut extract (WCE) inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide production and suppressed mRNA and protein expression of the inducible nitric oxide synthase gene. The cytokine array results showed that WCE inhibited inflammatory cytokine secretion. Also, WCE reduced tumor necrosis factor-α-and interleukin-6-induced nuclear factor-αB activity. Furthermore, during sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS)-induced irritation of human skin, WCE reduced SLS-induced skin erythema and improved barrier regeneration. These results indicate that WCE may be a promising topical anti-inflammatory agent.
authors.affiliation: Skin & Bio Research, Ellead Co., Ltd., Seongnam 463-824.
authors.forename: Bora
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: R&D Center of Skin Science and Cosmetics, Enprani Co., Ltd., Incheon 400-103.
authors.forename: Jin Eun
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: SN Biotech Co. Ltd., Yongin 446-900.
authors.forename: Byung-Kook
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Industry, Jungwon University, Goesan 367-805, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hyun-Soo
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Kim
keywords: Anti-inflammatory effect; Cytokine; NF-αB; Trapa japonica Flerov.; Water chestnut