title: Presarcopenia and sarcopenia in hip-fracture women: prevalence and association with ability to function in activities of daily living.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Sarcopenia staging systems have been proposed, but little is known on their application in hip-fracture patients. Our aim was to assess the prevalence of presarcopenia and sarcopenia and their association with ability to function in activities of daily living in hip-fracture women.
  
  
  METHODS
  We investigated white women (N = 138 of 149) who were consecutively admitted to a rehabilitation hospital because of their first hip fracture. In each woman, we measured appendicular lean mass (aLM) by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, at a median of 18 days after hip fracture occurrence. On the same day, we assessed grip strength with a handheld dynamometer. Functional autonomy was assessed by the Barthel Index. We used the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP) definition to calculate the prevalence of presarcopenia and sarcopenia, taking into account both aLM/height(2) and handgrip strength. Gait speed was not considered, because of the recent hip fracture.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-three (17 %) of the 138 women fulfilled the diagnostic criteria for presarcopenia whereas 80 (58 %) were sarcopenic. The women with presarcopenia were younger, healthier and with higher Barthel Index scores (median 65 vs. 55; interquartile range 60-75 and 50-60, respectively; p < 0.001) than those with sarcopenia. Significant differences in Barthel Index scores at the time of assessment (but not at the end of the rehabilitation course) persisted after multiple adjustments (p < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prevalence of presarcopenia and sarcopenia was high in hip-fracture women. Presarcopenic women had higher ability to function in activities of daily living than sarcopenic women.
authors.affiliation: Osteoporosis Research Center and Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Presidio Sanitario San Camillo, Fondazione Opera San Camillo, Strada Santa Margherita 136, 10131, Turin, Italy, marco.di.monaco@alice.it.
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Di Monaco
authors.forename: Carlotta
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Castiglioni
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: De Toma
authors.forename: Luisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gardin
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Giordano
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Di Monaco
authors.forename: Rosa
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tappero
mesh_terms: D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon / Q000379:methods; D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D058070:Asymptomatic Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology; D001823:Body Composition; D005260:Female; D005684:Gait; D018737:Hand Strength; D006620:Hip Fractures / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000534:rehabilitation; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy / Q000453:epidemiology; D053581:Muscle Strength Dynamometer; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D015995:Prevalence; D055948:Sarcopenia / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology