title: Analysis of zinc oxide nanoparticles binding proteins in rat blood and brain homogenate.
abstract: Nanoparticles (NPs) are currently used in chemical, cosmetic, pharmaceutical, and electronic products. Nevertheless, limited safety information is available for many NPs, especially in terms of their interactions with various binding proteins, leading to potential toxic effects. Zinc oxide (ZnO) NPs are included in the formulation of new products, such as adhesives, batteries, ceramics, cosmetics, cement, glass, ointments, paints, pigments, and supplementary foods, resulting in increased human exposures to ZnO. Hence, we investigated the potential ZnO nanotoxic pathways by analyzing the adsorbed proteins, called protein corona, from blood and brain from four ZnO NPs, ZnO(SM20(-)), ZnO(SM20(+)), ZnO(AE100(-)), and ZnO(AE100(+)), in order to understand their potential mechanisms in vivo. Through this study, liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy/mass spectroscopy technology was employed to identify all bound proteins. Totals of 52 and 58 plasma proteins were identified as being bound to ZnO(SM20(-)) and ZnO(SM20(+)), respectively. For ZnO(AE100(-)) and ZnO(AE100(+)), 58 and 44 proteins were bound, respectively. Similar numbers of proteins were adsorbed onto ZnO irrespective of size or surface charge of the nanoparticle. These proteins were further analyzed with ClueGO, a Cytoscape plugin, which provided gene ontology and the biological interaction processes of identified proteins. Interactions between diverse proteins and ZnO nanoparticles could result in an alteration of their functions, conformation, and clearance, eventually affecting many biological processes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Bionano Technology, Gachon Medical Research Institute, Gachon University, Sungnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea.
authors.forename: Kyu Hwan
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Shim
authors.affiliation: Department of Bionano Technology, Gachon Medical Research Institute, Gachon University, Sungnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea.
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hulme
authors.affiliation: Department of Analysis, KTR, Kimpo, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea.
authors.forename: Eun Ho
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Maeng
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Korea University Medical School and College, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Meyoung-Kon
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Bionano Technology, Gachon Medical Research Institute, Gachon University, Sungnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea.
authors.forename: Seong Soo A
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: An
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001798:Blood Proteins / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism*; D001923:Brain Chemistry; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D011485:Protein Binding; D051381:Rats; D015034:Zinc Oxide / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D001798:Blood Proteins; D015034:Zinc Oxide
keywords: brain homogenate; nanotoxicity; plasma; protein corona