title: Examining individual and school characteristics associated with child obesity using a multilevel growth model.
abstract: The childhood obesity epidemic continues to be a serious concern in the U.S., disproportionately affecting low socioeconomic and minority groups. Because many interventions are based in schools, both individual and school factors contributing to obesity were examined in this study. Employing data from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Kindergarten Class of 1998-1999 (ECLS-K), a three level hierarchical linear model was used to estimate children's body mass index (BMI) growth trajectories within their school contexts. Results indicated an inverse relationship between BMI and socioeconomic status (SES), except for black males. Additionally, results showed that low school SES and rural locality of the school were school-level risk factors of obesity. Lastly, a major portion of the between-schools variance was explained by aggregated student characteristics, indicating that students were more likely to attend schools with peers of similar BMI who had similar SES and race/ethnicity, supporting a school-level compositional effect associated with obesity.
authors.affiliation: Virginia Tech, Department of Educational Leadership and Policy Studies, 318 East Eggleston Hall (0302), Blacksburg, VA, USA. Electronic address: yasuom@vt.edu.
authors.forename: Yasuo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Miyazaki
authors.affiliation: Virginia Tech, Department of Educational Leadership and Policy Studies, 318 East Eggleston Hall (0302), Blacksburg, VA, USA.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stack
mesh_terms: D015992:Body Mass Index; D002648:Child; D002657:Child Development; D003710:Demography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D055361:Multilevel Analysis; D063766:Pediatric Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology; D012307:Risk Factors; D012574:Schools; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology
keywords: Childhood obesity; Compositional effect; Hierarchical linear model; Longitudinal data