title: Detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis genome in vitreous fluid of eyes with multifocal serpiginoid choroiditis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare 3 different molecular techniques to detect the Mycobacterium tuberculosis genome in vitreous fluid of eyes with multifocal serpiginoid choroiditis (MSC).
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, interventional case series.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eleven patients (11 eyes) with active MSC in at least 1 eye underwent diagnostic pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) between October 2012 and December 2013.
  
  
  METHODS
  Vitreous fluid samples were subjected to multitargeted polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for a M. tuberculosis assay, the Gene Xpert MTB/RIF assay (Cepheid, Sunnyvale, CA), and a line probe assay (GenoType MTBDRplus; Hain Lifescience, GmbH, Nehren, Germany). The samples with positive results were subjected to rpoB gene sequencing to demonstrate rifampicin resistance. The clinical details, digital fundus imaging, and treatment details and outcomes also were noted.
  
  
  METHODS
  Detection of the M. tuberculosis genome and rifampicin resistance in the vitreous samples.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 11 eyes subjected to PPV, the multitargeted PCR results for tuberculosis were positive for 10 eyes, the MTBDRplus assay results were positive in 6 eyes, and the Gene Xpert MTB/RIF assay results were positive in 4 eyes. Rifampicin resistance was detected in 3 eyes by rpoB gene sequencing, in 3 eyes by the MTBDRplus assay, and in 1 eye by the Gene Xpert MTB/RIF assay.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We detected the M. tuberculosis genome in the vitreous fluid of eyes with MSC using 3 different molecular techniques. Rifampicin resistance was detected for the first time in eyes with MSC.
authors.affiliation: Advanced Eye Centre, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
authors.forename: Reema
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bansal
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
authors.forename: Kusum
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.affiliation: Advanced Eye Centre, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India. Electronic address: dramodgupta@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Amod
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
authors.forename: Aman
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.affiliation: Department of Virology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
authors.forename: Mini P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: Advanced Eye Centre, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
authors.forename: Vishali
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.affiliation: Advanced Eye Centre, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
authors.forename: Samyak
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mulkutkar
authors.affiliation: Advanced Eye Centre, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
authors.forename: Mohit
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dogra
authors.affiliation: Advanced Eye Centre, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
authors.forename: Mangat R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Dogra
authors.affiliation: Advanced Eye Centre, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
authors.forename: Shivali
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kamal
authors.affiliation: Advanced Eye Centre, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
authors.forename: Surya Parkash
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.affiliation: Bureau of Health Laboratories, Jacksonville, Florida.
authors.forename: Paul D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Fiorella
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000904:Antibiotics, Antitubercular / Q000494:pharmacology; D000995:Antitubercular Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002833:Choroiditis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology*; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D005451:Fluorescein Angiography; D016680:Genome, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D025202:Molecular Diagnostic Techniques; D000080364:Multifocal Choroiditis; D009169:Mycobacterium tuberculosis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012293:Rifampin / Q000494:pharmacology; D018088:Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology*; D014392:Tuberculosis, Ocular / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology*; D014821:Vitrectomy; D014822:Vitreous Body / Q000382:microbiology*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000904:Antibiotics, Antitubercular; D000995:Antitubercular Agents; D012293:Rifampin