title: The requirement of histone modification by PRDM12 and Kdm4a for the development of pre-placodal ectoderm and neural crest in Xenopus.
abstract: In vertebrates, pre-placodal ectoderm and neural crest development requires morphogen gradients and several transcriptional factors, while the involvement of histone modification remains unclear. Here, we report that histone-modifying factors play crucial roles in the development of pre-placodal ectoderm and neural crest in Xenopus. During the early neurula stage, PRDM12 was expressed in the lateral pre-placodal ectoderm and repressed the expression of neural crest specifier genes via methylation of histone H3K9. ChIP-qPCR analyses indicated that PRDM12 promoted the occupancy of the trimethylated histone H3K9 (H3K9me3) on the Foxd3, Slug, and Sox8 promoters. Injection of the PRDM12 MO inhibited the expression of presumptive trigeminal placode markers and decreased the occupancy of H3K9me3 on the Foxd3 promoter. Histone demethylase Kdm4a also inhibited the expression of presumptive trigeminal placode markers in a similar manner to PRDM12 MO and could compensate for the effects of PRDM12. ChIP-qPCR analyses revealed that promotion of the occupancy of H3K9me3 on the Foxd3, Slug, and Sox8 promoters was inhibited by Kdm4a overexpression. Taken together, these data indicate that histone modification was essential for pre-placodal ectoderm and neural crest development.
authors.affiliation: Department of Sciences (Biology), Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan.
authors.forename: Shinya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Matsukawa
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Stem Cell Engineering National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba City, Ibaraki, Japan.
authors.forename: Kyoko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Miwata
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Stem Cell Engineering National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba City, Ibaraki, Japan.
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Asashima
authors.affiliation: Department of Sciences (Biology), Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan. Electronic address: tmichiue@bio.c.u-tokyo.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Tatsuo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Michiue
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D030801:Animals, Genetically Modified; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D004475:Ectoderm / Q000196:embryology / Q000378:metabolism*; D004625:Embryo, Nonmammalian / Q000196:embryology / Q000378:metabolism; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D055785:Gene Knockdown Techniques; D056466:Histone Demethylases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D006657:Histones / Q000378:metabolism*; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D008239:Lysine / Q000378:metabolism; D008745:Methylation; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D009432:Neural Crest / Q000196:embryology / Q000378:metabolism*; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D011485:Protein Binding; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D029867:Xenopus Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D014982:Xenopus laevis / Q000196:embryology / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D002352:Carrier Proteins; D006657:Histones; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; C000597359:PRDM12 protein, Xenopus laevis; D029867:Xenopus Proteins; D056466:Histone Demethylases; C000597360:Kdm4a protein, Xenopus laevis; D008239:Lysine
keywords: Histone modification; Kdm4a; Neural crest; PRDM12; Pre-placodal ectoderm; Xenopus