title: Factors affecting attitudes and barriers to a medical emergency team among nurses and medical doctors: a multi-centre survey.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify factors underlying attitudes towards the medical emergency team (MET) and barriers to its utilisation among ward nurses and physicians.
  
  
  METHODS
  Multicentre survey using an anonymous questionnaire in hospitals with a fully operational MET system in the Piedmont Region, Italy. Response to questions was scored on a 5-point Likert-type agreement scale. Dichotomised results were included in a logistic regression model.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among 2279 staff members who were contacted, 1812 (79.6%) completed the survey. The vast majority of respondents valued the MET. Working in a surgical vs. medical ward and having participated in either the MET educational programme (METal course) or MET interventions were associated with better acceptance of the MET system. Reluctance by nurses to call the covering doctor first instead of the MET for deteriorating patients (62%) was significantly less likely in those working in surgical vs. medical wards or having a higher seniority or a METal certification (OR 0.51 [0.4-0.65], 0.69 [0.47-0.99], and 0.6 [0.46-0.79], respectively). Reluctance to call the MET in a patient fulfilling calling criteria (21%), was less likely to occur in medical doctors vs. nurses and in surgical vs. medical ward staff, and it was unaffected by the METal certification.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The MET was well accepted in participating hospitals. Nurse referral to the covering physician was the major barrier to MET activation. Medical status, working in surgical vs. medical wards, seniority and participation in the METal educational programme were associated with lower likelihood of showing barriers to MET activation.
authors.affiliation: Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Unit, San Luigi Hospital, Orbassano, Turin, Italy.
authors.forename: Giulio
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Radeschi
authors.affiliation: Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Unit, Turin North Emergency Hospital, Turin, Italy.
authors.forename: Felice
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Urso
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Italy.
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Campagna
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Italy.
authors.forename: Paola
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Berchialla
authors.affiliation: Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Unit, San Luigi Hospital, Orbassano, Turin, Italy.
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Borga
authors.affiliation: Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Unit, San Luigi Hospital, Orbassano, Turin, Italy.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mina
authors.affiliation: Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Unit, San Luigi Hospital, Orbassano, Turin, Italy.
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Penso
authors.affiliation: Department of Statistics and Epidemiology, Piedmont Region, Italy.
authors.forename: Carlo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Di Pietrantonj
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Catholic University School of Medicine, Rome, Italy. Electronic address: sandroni@rm.unicatt.it.
authors.forename: Claudio
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sandroni
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D003422:Critical Care / Q000458:organization & administration*; D005260:Female; D019538:Health Care Surveys; D057209:Hospital Rapid Response Team / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D007400:Interprofessional Relations; D007558:Italy; D008297:Male; D009726:Nurses / Q000592:standards*; D010348:Patient Care Team / Q000458:organization & administration*; D010820:Physicians / Q000592:standards*
keywords: Education; Medical emergency team; Medical staff, Hospital; Nursing staff, Hospital; Rapid response system