title: Characterization of an H9N2 avian influenza virus from a Fringilla montifringilla brambling in northern China.
abstract: Avian H9N2 influenza viruses circulating in domestic poultry populations are occasionally transmitted to humans. We report the genomic characterization of an H9N2 avian influenza virus (A/Brambling/Beijing/16/2012) first isolated from a healthy Fringilla montifringilla brambling in northern China in 2012. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that this H9N2 virus belongs to the BJ/94-like sublineage. This virus had a low pathogenicity for chickens and was able to replicate at a low level in mouse lung tissue. Transmission studies in ferrets showed that this H9N2 strain shed high levels of the virus in nasal and throat swabs. In vitro receptor binding assays, the virus bound only to α-2,6 linkage receptors and not to the avian-type α-2,3 linkage receptors, suggesting that H9N2 influenza viruses present potential public health risks. Therefore, attention should be paid to H9N2 influenza viruses and the close surveillance of H9N2 viruses in poultry.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Ministry of Health, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Models of Human Diseases, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.affiliation: Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Ministry of Health, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Models of Human Diseases, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Lili
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Ministry of Health, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Models of Human Diseases, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Linlin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bao
authors.affiliation: Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Ministry of Health, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Models of Human Diseases, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Yanfeng
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.affiliation: Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Ministry of Health, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Models of Human Diseases, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.affiliation: Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Ministry of Health, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Models of Human Diseases, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Fengdi
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Ministry of Health, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Models of Human Diseases, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Qi
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Lv
authors.affiliation: Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Ministry of Health, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Models of Human Diseases, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Songzhi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.affiliation: Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Ministry of Health, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Models of Human Diseases, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China. Electronic address: weiqiang0430@sohu.com.
authors.forename: Qiang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.affiliation: Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Ministry of Health, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Models of Human Diseases, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China. Electronic address: qinchuan@pumc.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Chuan
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Qin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000835:Animals, Wild / Q000821:virology; D002681:China; D005260:Female; D053127:Influenza A Virus, H9N2 Subtype / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000502:physiology; D005585:Influenza in Birds / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000821:virology*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D046109:Passeriformes / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000821:virology*; D010802:Phylogeny; D011991:Receptors, Virus / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014779:Virus Replication
chemical_list: D011991:Receptors, Virus; D014764:Viral Proteins
keywords: Droplet spread; Ferret; H9N2 avian influenza virus; Pathogenesis; Receptor-binding properties; Transmission