title: Animal models of multiple system atrophy.
abstract: Since their introduction in 1996, animal models of multiple system atrophy (MSA) have generated important insights into pathogenesis and interventional therapies. Toxin and genetic approaches have been used alone or in combination to replicate progressive motor and non-motor symptoms reflecting human neuropathology. Here, we review these developments and discuss the advantages and limitations of the MSA animal models, as well as their application in preclinical target validation.
authors.affiliation: Division of Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, Innsbruck Medical University, Anichstr. 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria, nadia.stefanova@i-med.ac.at.
authors.forename: Nadia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Stefanova
authors.forename: Gregor K
authors.initials: GK
authors.lastname: Wenning
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D030801:Animals, Genetically Modified; D001341:Autonomic Nervous System / Q000503:physiopathology; D015415:Biomarkers; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D000882:Haplorhini; D051379:Mice; D019578:Multiple System Atrophy / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy*; D009498:Neurotoxins / Q000627:therapeutic use; D051381:Rats; D051844:alpha-Synuclein / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D009498:Neurotoxins; D051844:alpha-Synuclein