title: Platelet-rich plasma and other cellular strategies in orthopedic surgery.
abstract: The use of biologics in the treatment of musculoskeletal disease has become increasingly more common as research studies continue to provide further elucidation of their mechanisms in healing. Platelet-rich plasma, patches, growth factors, and stem cells are among the many biologics under active investigation and have varying levels of success in augmenting surgical or nonoperative interventions. However, the limitations of these treatments exist, and clear guidelines for their indications and application have yet to be established. Well-designed clinical trials will help determine the appropriate future use of biologics to ensure consistent outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Division of Sports Medicine and Shoulder Surgery, Hospital for Special Surgery, 535 E 70th Street, New York, NY, 10021, USA. WilliamsP@HSS.EDU.
authors.forename: Phillip N
authors.initials: PN
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.affiliation: Division of Sports Medicine and Shoulder Surgery, Hospital for Special Surgery, 535 E 70th Street, New York, NY, 10021, USA.
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Moran
authors.affiliation: Center for Sports Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, 3200 Water Street, South Side, Pittsburgh, PA, 15203, USA.
authors.forename: James P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Bradley
authors.affiliation: Kerlan Jobe Orthopaedic Clinic, 6801 Park Terrace, Suite 1400, Los Angeles, CA, 90045, USA.
authors.forename: Neal
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: S ElAttrache
authors.affiliation: Division of Sports Medicine and Shoulder Surgery, Hospital for Special Surgery, 535 E 70th Street, New York, NY, 10021, USA.
authors.forename: Joshua S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Dines