title: Impact of weight loss diet associated with flaxseed on inflammatory markers in men with cardiovascular risk factors: a clinical study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Flaxseed has received attention for its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant role. The present study hypothesizes if flaxseed added to a weight loss diet could improve the lipid and metabolic profiles and decrease risk factors related to cardiovascular disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a prospective, single blinded 42 days protocol, subjects were allocated into two groups with low carbohydrates intake: GriceLC (35% of carbohydrate and 60g of raw rice powder per day) and GflaxLC (32% of carbohydrate and 60g of flaxseed powder per day). Blood pressure, anthropometric measures and serum levels of isoprostane, C-reactive protein, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha, glucose, lipidic profile, uric acid, adiponectin, leptin and insulin were measured at baseline and at the end of interventions. Serum and urinary enterodiol and enterolactione were also measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 27 men with cardiovascular risk factors were evaluated, with mean age of 33 ± 10 years to GriceLC and 40 ± 9 years to GflaxLC. Both groups experienced weight loss and systolic blood pressure reduction. A decrease in inflammatory markers (CRP and TNF-α) was observed after flaxseed intake (mean decrease of 25% and 46% for GflaxLC respectively). All groups also showed improvement in levels of total cholesterol, LDL-c, uric acid and adiponectin. Only GflaxLC group showed a decrease in triglyceride levels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study suggests that flaxseed added to a weight loss diet could be an important nutritional strategy to reduce inflammation markers such as CRP and TNF-α.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02132728.
authors.forename: Roberta Soares Lara
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Cassani
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Nutrition, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Avenida Bandeirantes, 3900 Bairro Monte Alegre, CEP: 14049-900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil. priscilafassini@usp.br.
authors.forename: Priscila Giacomo
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Fassini
authors.forename: Jose Henrique
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Silvah
authors.forename: Cristiane Maria Mártires
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Lima
authors.forename: Júlio Sérgio
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Marchini
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000886:Anthropometry; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood*; D001794:Blood Pressure; D001938:Brazil; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases; D004038:Diet, Reducing / Q000379:methods*; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000008:administration & dosage; D019597:Flax; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000178:diet therapy; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012639:Seeds; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood; D015431:Weight Loss
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D014280:Triglycerides; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D002097:C-Reactive Protein