title: Anti-obesogenic effects of calcium prevent changes in the GLP-1 profile in adult rats primed by early weaning.
abstract: METHODS
  Gut peptides regulate appetite and adipogenesis. Early weaning (EW) leads to later development of obesity that can be prevented by calcium supplementation. We evaluated gut peptides that may have a role in the establishment of this dysfunction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At birth, lactating Wistar rats were separated in: EW, lactating rats involved with a bandage interrupting the lactation during the last 4 days of standard lactation, and C (control) dams whose pups had free access to milk during throughout lactation. At 120 days old, half of EW group received calcium supplementation (EWCa); EW and C received standard diet. At 21 days old, EW presented higher glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) in plasma and glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor (GLP1-R) in adipose tissue and hypothalamus, but lower GLP-1 and GLP1-R in the gut. At 180 days old, GLP-1 response to food intake was blunted in EW and restored by calcium. GLP-1 in the gut was lower in EW and its receptor was lower in adipose tissue, and GLP1-R was higher in the gut of calcium EW group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Thus, EW had short- and long-term effects upon GLP-1 profile, which may have contributed to obesity development, hyperphagia, and insulin resistance due to its adipogenic and appetite control roles. Calcium supplementation was able to prevent most of the changes in GLP-1 caused by EW.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiological Sciences, Roberto Alcantara Gomes Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Fernanda Torres
authors.initials: FT
authors.lastname: Quitete
authors.forename: Jessica Lopes
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Nobre
authors.forename: Nayara
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Peixoto-Silva
authors.forename: Egberto Gaspar
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: de Moura
authors.forename: Patricia Cristina
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Lisboa
authors.forename: Elaine
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: de Oliveira
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D019440:Anti-Obesity Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001823:Body Composition; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002119:Calcium Carbonate / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002136:Calcium, Dietary / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D041981:Gastrointestinal Tract / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D054439:Ghrelin / Q000097:blood; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 / Q000097:blood*; D000067757:Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor / Q000378:metabolism; D006963:Hyperphagia / Q000517:prevention & control; D007031:Hypothalamus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D007774:Lactation; D008297:Male; D009752:Nutritional Status; D009765:Obesity / Q000517:prevention & control*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D014886:Weaning
chemical_list: D019440:Anti-Obesity Agents; D002136:Calcium, Dietary; D054439:Ghrelin; C000593835:Glp1r protein, rat; D000067757:Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; D002119:Calcium Carbonate
keywords: Early weaning; GLP-1; Gut peptides; Obesity