title: Spectral domain optical coherence tomography in patients with sickle cell disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) changes in central retina and choroid in patients with sickle cell disease (SCD).
  
  
  METHODS
  Data on visual acuity, severity of sickle cell retinopathy, macular volume scans and choroidal thickness on SD-OCT were analysed from 208 eyes of 107 consecutive patients referred for screening for SCD. The retinal and choroidal thickness of eyes with SCD were also compared with age and ethnicity matched controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  44% of the eyes of patients with SCD showed discrete areas of retinal thinning in the temporal macular area. Proliferative sickle cell retinopathy was more prevalent in these eyes compared with SCD eyes with normal macular morphology (67% vs. 48%; p=0.0017). The temporal total and inner retinal thickness, macular volume and choroidal thickness were significantly lower in patients with SCD compared with age, gender and ethnicity matched controls. Macular splaying (widening of the macular contour) was noted in 30% of eyes in both groups. The choroidal and retinal thickness values showed good intergrader reliability using weighted κ statistics (0.550-0.9).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Quantitative and qualitative changes on SD-OCT are present in asymptomatic SCD eyes. Proliferative retinopathy is more prevalent in eyes with discrete areas of macular thinning.
authors.affiliation: Laser and Retinal Research Unit, Department of Ophthalmology, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
authors.forename: Raeba
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mathew
authors.affiliation: Laser and Retinal Research Unit, Department of Ophthalmology, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
authors.forename: Rinoza
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bafiq
authors.affiliation: Laser and Retinal Research Unit, Department of Ophthalmology, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
authors.forename: Jayashree
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ramu
authors.affiliation: Laser and Retinal Research Unit, Department of Ophthalmology, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Pearce
authors.affiliation: Laser and Retinal Research Unit, Department of Ophthalmology, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
authors.forename: Matthew
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Richardson
authors.affiliation: Department of Hematological Medicine, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
authors.forename: Emma
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Drasar
authors.affiliation: Department of Hematological Medicine, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK Department of Molecular Hematology, King's College London, James Black Centre, London, UK.
authors.forename: Swee Lay
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Thein
authors.affiliation: Laser and Retinal Research Unit, Department of Ophthalmology, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK NIHR Moorfields Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK.
authors.forename: Sobha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sivaprasad
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000755:Anemia, Sickle Cell / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D002829:Choroid / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012160:Retina / Q000473:pathology*; D012164:Retinal Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D041623:Tomography, Optical Coherence / Q000379:methods*; D014792:Visual Acuity / Q000502:physiology; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Choroid; Imaging; Macula; Retina