title: An invasive plant alters pollinator-mediated phenotypic selection on a native congener.
abstract: •
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Recent studies suggest that invasive plants compete reproductively with native plants by reducing the quantity or quality of pollinator visits. Although these studies have revealed ecological consequences of pollinator-mediated competition between invasive and native plants, the evolutionary outcomes of these interactions remain largely unexplored.•
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied the ecological and evolutionary impact of pollinator-mediated competition with an invasive jewelweed, Impatiens glandulifera, on a co-occurring native congener, I. capensis. Using a pollinator choice experiment, a hand pollination experiment, and a selection analysis, we addressed the following questions: (1) Do native pollinators show preference for the invasive or native jewelweed, and do they move between the two species? (2) Does invasive jewelweed pollen inhibit seed production in the native plant? (3) Does the invasive jewelweed alter phenotypic selection on the native plant's floral traits?•
  
  
  RESULTS
  The pollinator choice experiment showed that pollinators strongly preferred the invasive jewelweed. The hand pollination experiment demonstrated that invasive pollen inhibited seed production in the native plant. The selection analysis showed that the presence of the invasive jewelweed altered phenotypic selection on corolla height in the native plant.•
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Invasive plants have the potential to alter phenotypic selection on floral traits in native plant populations. If native plants can evolve in response to this altered selection pressure, the evolution of floral traits may play an important role in permitting long-term coexistence of native and invasive plants.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, University of Virginia, P.O. Box 400328, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904-4328, USA.
authors.forename: Carolyn M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Beans
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, University of Virginia, P.O. Box 400328, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904-4328, USA.
authors.forename: Deborah A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Roach
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001516:Bees / Q000502:physiology*; D005075:Biological Evolution; D029069:Impatiens / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D058865:Introduced Species; D008404:Massachusetts; D054817:Pollination
keywords: Impatiens capensis; Impatiens glandulifera; plant invasions; pollen interference; pollinator constancy; pollinator-mediated selection