title: Dual ameliorative effects of Ningdong granule on dopamine in rat models of Tourette's syndrome.
abstract: Dopamine (DA) is a key neuromodulator in the brain that supports motor and cognitive functions. Here, we use apomorphine (Apo) and 3,3'-iminodipropionitrile (IDPN) to develop two rat models of Tourette's syndrome (TS), a common neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by stereotyped repetitive involuntary tics. The models enabled the assessment of unique ameliorative effects of Ningdong granule (NDG), a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) preparation dedicated to the treatment of TS, on the striatal DA content of rats. By using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), we found that long-term administration of NDG could, at least partially, restore the striatal dopamine alterations, either by increasing them after IDPN treatment or by decreasing them after Apo treatment. Taken together, our data indicated that NDG could ameliorate the abnormal striatal DA content dually, and the unique therapeutic property may be meaningful for the treatment of TS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, No.324, Jingwuweiqi Road, Jinan 250021, Shandong, PR, China.
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, No.324, Jingwuweiqi Road, Jinan 250021, Shandong, PR, China.
authors.forename: Anyuan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001058:Apomorphine; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D003342:Corpus Striatum / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004298:Dopamine / Q000032:analysis; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008516:Medicine, Chinese Traditional; D009570:Nitriles; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D017448:Receptors, Dopamine D2 / Q000378:metabolism; D005879:Tourette Syndrome / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy*; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; D009570:Nitriles; D017448:Receptors, Dopamine D2; C545316:ningdong; C008110:3,3'-iminodipropionitrile; D001058:Apomorphine; D004298:Dopamine