title: The effects of grape seed on apoptosis-related gene expression and oxidative stress in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Diabetic nephropathy is the most common cause of end-stage renal disease. Emerging evidences indicate that many mechanistic pathways including apoptosis play an important role in the pathogenesis and progression of macrovascular and microvascular complications of diabetes mellitus. The aim of the present study is to show the effects of grape seed extract (GSE) on oxidative stress and apoptosis in the kidney of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study included control group, diabetic group without treatment and diabetic group treated with GSE (n=7) group. GSE was given orally (100 mg/kg/day) for six weeks. Following parameters were evaluated; oxidative stress index, caspase 1, IL1-alpha, caspase 2, IL1-beta, BCL2-associated agonist of cell death (BAD), X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP), DNA fragmentation factor, alpha subunit and beta bubunit (DFFA, DFFB), BH3 interacting domain death agonist (BID), caspase 6, Bcl2-like 1 (BCL-XL), caspase 8, tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, member 1 b (TNFRSF1B) and IAP-binding mitochondrial protein (DIABLO).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Oxidative stress index levels were significantly increased in the kidney of diabetic group without treatment compared to control group, and decreased in diabetic+GSE group compared to diabetic group without treatment. In the kidney of diabetic group without treatment, caspase 1, IL-1 alpha, BAD, DFFA, DFFB and caspase-6 gene expressions were significantly higher compared to control group. In diabetic+GSE group caspase 1, caspase 2, XIAP, DFFA, BID, BCL-XL and TNFRSF1B genes were significantly decreased compared to control group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Grape seed reduces oxidative stress and apoptosis gene expression suggesting the protective effect on diabetic nephropathy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Ahi Evran University Training and Research Hospital , Kırşehir , Turkey .
authors.forename: Aydın
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Güçlü
authors.forename: Nilüfer
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yonguç
authors.forename: Yavuz
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Dodurga
authors.forename: Gülşah
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gündoğdu
authors.forename: Zuhal
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Güçlü
authors.forename: Tarık
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yonguç
authors.forename: Esat
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Adıgüzel
authors.forename: Kultigin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Turkmen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000378:metabolism*; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism; D056604:Grape Seed Extract / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051034:Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D053582:Interleukin-1alpha / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D047889:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type II / Q000378:metabolism; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D051025:bcl-Associated Death Protein / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; D002352:Carrier Proteins; C489013:DIABLO protein, rat; D056604:Grape Seed Extract; D051034:Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins; D053582:Interleukin-1alpha; D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins; D047889:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type II; C494837:Xiap protein, rat; D051025:bcl-Associated Death Protein
keywords: Apoptosis; diabetic nephropathy; grape seed extract; oxidative stress; streptozotocin