title: Lipid extracted algae as a source for protein and reduced sugar: a step closer to the biorefinery.
abstract: The objective of this study was to investigate the feasibility of using lipid extracted algae (LEA) as a source for protein and reduced sugar, and the effects of various procedural treatments on their yields. LEA provided comparable yields of protein and reduced sugars to those from total algae. Oven drying provided highest yields of all products followed by freeze drying, while sun drying significantly lowered their yields. Effective cell disruption by microwave and autoclave increased the lipid yields from algae, but resulted in increased loss of other compounds with lipid extracting solvents lowering their yields during sequential extraction. Relatively inefficient cell disruption by ultrasonication and osmotic shock lowered the amount of cell protein lost to the lipid extracting solvents. These results highlight the complexity of concurrent extraction of all value added products from algae, and the need for proper selection of the processes to achieve the objectives of integrated biorefinery.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Water and Wastewater Technology, Durban University of Technology, PO Box 1334, Durban 4000, South Africa.
authors.forename: Faiz Ahmad
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Ansari
authors.affiliation: Institute for Water and Wastewater Technology, Durban University of Technology, PO Box 1334, Durban 4000, South Africa.
authors.forename: Amritanshu
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shriwastav
authors.affiliation: Institute for Water and Wastewater Technology, Durban University of Technology, PO Box 1334, Durban 4000, South Africa.
authors.forename: Sanjay Kumar
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.affiliation: Institute for Water and Wastewater Technology, Durban University of Technology, PO Box 1334, Durban 4000, South Africa.
authors.forename: Ismail
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Rawat
authors.affiliation: Institute for Water and Wastewater Technology, Durban University of Technology, PO Box 1334, Durban 4000, South Africa.
authors.forename: Abhishek
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Guldhe
authors.affiliation: Institute for Water and Wastewater Technology, Durban University of Technology, PO Box 1334, Durban 4000, South Africa. Electronic address: faizalb@dut.ac.za.
authors.forename: Faizal
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bux
mesh_terms: D020418:Algal Proteins / Q000032:analysis*; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001709:Biotechnology / Q000379:methods*; D002241:Carbohydrates / Q000032:analysis*; D003890:Desiccation; D008055:Lipids / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D044444:Scenedesmus / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D020418:Algal Proteins; D002241:Carbohydrates; D008055:Lipids
keywords: Cell disruption; Integrated biorefinery; Lipid extracted algae; Sample drying; Value added products