title: Characteristics of multi-layer coating formed on commercially pure titanium for biomedical applications.
abstract: An innovative multi-layer coating comprising a bioactive compound layer (consisting of hydroxyapatite and calcium titanate) with an underlying titanium oxide layer (in the form of anatase and rutile) has been developed on Grade 4 quality commercially pure titanium via a single step micro-arc oxidation process. Deposition of a multi-layer coating on titanium enhanced the bioactivity, while providing antibacterial characteristics as compared its untreated state. Furthermore, introduction of silver (4.6wt.%) into the multi-layer coating during micro-arc oxidation process imposed superior antibacterial efficiency without sacrificing the bioactivity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, 34469 Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Dilek
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Teker
authors.affiliation: Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, 34469 Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Faiz
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Muhaffel
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, 34469 Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Meryem
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Menekse
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, 34469 Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Nevin Gul
authors.initials: NG
authors.lastname: Karaguler
authors.affiliation: Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, 34469 Istanbul, Turkey; Prof. Dr. Adnan Tekin Material Sciences and Production Technologies Applied Research Center, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, 34469 Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Murat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Baydogan
authors.affiliation: Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, 34469 Istanbul, Turkey. Electronic address: cimenogluh@itu.edu.tr.
authors.forename: Huseyin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Cimenoglu
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000254:growth & development*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000254:growth & development*; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D014025:Titanium
keywords: Antibacterial surface; Biocompatibility; Commercially pure titanium; Hydroxyapatite; Micro-arc oxidation; Titanium oxide layer