title: The effects of baseline heart rate recovery normality and exercise training protocol on heart rate recovery in patients with heart failure.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  It is unclear which exercise training protocol yields superior heart rate recovery (HRR) improvement in heart failure (HF) patients. Whether baseline HRR normality plays a role in the improvement is unknown. We hypothesized that an exercise training protocol and baseline HRR normality would be factors in altering HRR in HF patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this prospective, randomized, controlled and 3 group parallel study, 41 stable HF patients were randomly assigned to 3-times-weekly training sessions for 12 weeks, consisting of i) 30 minutes of interval training (IT) (n=17, 63.7±8.8 years old) versus ii) 30 minutes of continuous training (CT) (n=13, 59.6±6.8 years old) versus iii) no training (CON) (n=11, 60.6±9.9 years old). Each patient had cardiopulmonary exercise testing before and after the training program. Maximum heart rates attained during the test and heart rates at 1 and 2 min (HRR1 and HRR2) during the recovery phase were recorded. Paired samples t-test or Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used for comparisons before and after training. One-way ANOVA or Kruskal-Wallis variance analysis was used for comparisons among groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  HRR1 was unchanged after training. HRR2 improved in the IT group after training, and post-training HRR2 values were significantly faster in the IT group than in controls. Both HRR1 and HRR2 was significantly faster, irrespective of exercise protocol in patients with abnormal baseline values after training.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HRR1 did not improve after training. HRR2 improved only in the IT group. Both HRRs in patients with abnormal baseline values improved after both exercise protocols. IT might be superior to CT in improving HRR2. Baseline HRR might play a role in its response to exercise.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Pamukkale University; Denizli-Turkey. yaylalimd@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Yalın Tolga
authors.initials: YT
authors.lastname: Yaylalı
authors.forename: Gülin
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Fındıkoğlu
authors.forename: Mustafa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yurtdaş
authors.forename: Sibel
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Konukçu
authors.forename: Hande
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Şenol
mesh_terms: D005081:Exercise Therapy; D005260:Female; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D020127:Recovery of Function; D016896:Treatment Outcome