title: A novel series of thiazolyl-pyrazoline derivatives: synthesis and evaluation of antifungal activity, cytotoxicity and genotoxicity.
abstract: In the current work, new thiazolyl-pyrazoline derivatives (1-22) were synthesized and evaluated for their antifungal effects against pathogenic yeasts and molds using a broth microdilution assay. Ames assay was carried out to determine the genotoxicity of the most effective antifungal derivatives. The cytotoxicity of the compounds (1-22) was also investigated against A549 human lung adenocarcinoma and NIH/3T3 mouse embryonic fibroblast cells. Among these derivatives, 2-[5-(4-fluorophenyl)-3-(5-methylthiophen-2-yl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]-4-(4-methylsulfonylphenyl)thiazole (18) can be identified as the most promising anticandidal derivative due to its notable inhibitory effect on Candida zeylanoides with a MIC value of 250 μg/mL when compared with ketoconazole (MIC = 250 μg/mL), low cytotoxicity against NIH/3T3 cells and non-mutagenic effect. On the other hand, 2-[5-(4-fluorophenyl)-3-(5-chlorothiophen-2-yl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]-4-(4-bromophenyl)thiazole (4) can be considered as the most promising anticancer agent against A549 cancer cells owing to its notable inhibitory effect on A549 cells with an IC50 value of 62.5 μg/mL when compared with cisplatin (IC50 = 45.88 μg/mL) and low cytotoxicity against NIH/3T3 cells.
authors.affiliation: Anadolu University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, 26470 Eskişehir, Turkey. Electronic address: mdaltintop@anadolu.edu.tr.
authors.forename: Mehlika Dilek
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Altıntop
authors.affiliation: Anadolu University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, 26470 Eskişehir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ahmet
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Özdemir
authors.affiliation: Anadolu University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, 26470 Eskişehir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Gülhan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Turan-Zitouni
authors.affiliation: Anadolu University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, 26470 Eskişehir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Sinem
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ilgın
authors.affiliation: Anadolu University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, 26470 Eskişehir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Özlem
authors.initials: Ö
authors.lastname: Atlı
authors.affiliation: Anadolu University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, 26470 Eskişehir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Rasime
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Demirel
authors.affiliation: Anadolu University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, 26470 Eskişehir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Zafer Asım
authors.initials: ZA
authors.lastname: Kaplancıklı
mesh_terms: D016475:3T3 Cells; D000818:Animals; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001234:Aspergillus niger / Q000187:drug effects; D002175:Candida / Q000187:drug effects; D002460:Cell Line; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005670:Fusarium / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D015394:Molecular Structure; D011720:Pyrazoles / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D013844:Thiazoles / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D011720:Pyrazoles; D013844:Thiazoles
keywords: Antifungal activity; Cytotoxicity; Genotoxicity; Pyrazoline; Thiazole