title: Clinical review: Drugs commonly associated with weight change: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Various drugs affect body weight as a side effect.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We conducted this systematic review and meta-analysis to summarize the evidence about commonly prescribed drugs and their association with weight change.
  
  
  METHODS
  MEDLINE, DARE, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews were searched to identify published systematic reviews as a source for trials.
  
  
  METHODS
  We included randomized trials that compared an a priori selected list of drugs to placebo and measured weight change.
  
  
  METHODS
  We extracted data in duplicate and assessed the methodological quality using the Cochrane risk of bias tool.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We included 257 randomized trials (54 different drugs; 84 696 patients enrolled). Weight gain was associated with the use of amitriptyline (1.8 kg), mirtazapine (1.5 kg), olanzapine (2.4 kg), quetiapine (1.1 kg), risperidone (0.8 kg), gabapentin (2.2 kg), tolbutamide (2.8 kg), pioglitazone (2.6 kg), glimepiride (2.1 kg), gliclazide (1.8 kg), glyburide (2.6 kg), glipizide (2.2 kg), sitagliptin (0.55 kg), and nateglinide (0.3 kg). Weight loss was associated with the use of metformin (1.1 kg), acarbose (0.4 kg), miglitol (0.7 kg), pramlintide (2.3 kg), liraglutide (1.7 kg), exenatide (1.2 kg), zonisamide (7.7 kg), topiramate (3.8 kg), bupropion (1.3 kg), and fluoxetine (1.3 kg). For many other remaining drugs (including antihypertensives and antihistamines), the weight change was either statistically nonsignificant or supported by very low-quality evidence.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Several drugs are associated with weight change of varying magnitude. Data are provided to guide the choice of drug when several options exist and institute preemptive weight loss strategies when obesogenic drugs are prescribed.
authors.affiliation: Knowledge and Evaluation Research Unit (J.P.D., G.P., A.L., M.B.S., O.A., C.U., Z.W., T.E., J.P.B., K.F.M., M.H.L., N.A., J.W., S.F., V.M.M., M.H.M.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905; Unidad de Conocimiento y Evidencia (J.P.D., G.P., V.M.M.), Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima 31, Peru; and Division of Preventive, Occupational, and Aerospace Medicine (N,A., M.H.M.), Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism, and Nutrition (J.P.B., V.M.M.), Division of General Internal Medicine (K.F.M.), and Mayo Clinic Libraries (L.J.P.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905.
authors.forename: Juan Pablo
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Domecq
authors.forename: Gabriela
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Prutsky
authors.forename: Aaron
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Leppin
authors.forename: M Bassam
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Sonbol
authors.forename: Osama
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Altayar
authors.forename: Chaitanya
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Undavalli
authors.forename: Zhen
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Tarig
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Elraiyah
authors.forename: Juan Pablo
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Brito
authors.forename: Karen F
authors.initials: KF
authors.lastname: Mauck
authors.forename: Mohammed H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Lababidi
authors.forename: Larry J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Prokop
authors.forename: Noor
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Asi
authors.forename: Justin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.forename: Salman
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fidahussein
authors.forename: Victor M
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Montori
authors.forename: Mohammad Hassan
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Murad
mesh_terms: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015430:Weight Gain / Q000187:drug effects*; D015431:Weight Loss / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents