title: Is there an interaction between socioeconomic status and FRAX 10-year fracture probability determined with and without bone density measures? Data from the Geelong Osteoporosis Study of female cohort.
abstract: FRAX(©) evaluates 10-year fracture probabilities and can be calculated with and without bone mineral density (BMD). Low socioeconomic status (SES) may affect BMD, and is associated with increased fracture risk. Clinical risk factors differ by SES; however, it is unknown whether aninteraction exists between SES and FRAX determined with and without the BMD. From the Geelong Osteoporosis Study, we drew 819 females aged ≥50 years. Clinical data were collected during 1993-1997. SES was determined by cross-referencing residential addresses with Australian Bureau of Statistics census data and categorized in quintiles. BMD was measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry at the same time as other clinical data were collected. Ten-year fracture probabilities were calculated using FRAX (Australia). Using multivariable regression analyses, we examined whether interactions existed between SES and 10-year probability for hip and any major osteoporotic fracture (MOF) defined by use of FRAX with and without BMD. We observed a trend for a SES * FRAX(no-BMD) interaction term for 10-year hip fracture probability (p = 0.09); however, not for MOF (p = 0.42). In women without prior fracture (n = 518), we observed a significant SES * FRAX(no-BMD) interaction term for hip fracture (p = 0.03) and MOF (p = 0.04). SES does not appear to have an interaction with 10-year fracture probabilities determined by FRAX with and without BMD in women with previous fracture; however, it does appear to exist for those without previous fracture.
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, 3220, Australia, sharob@barwonhealth.org.au.
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Brennan
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Quirk
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Hosking
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Kotowicz
authors.forename: K L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Holloway
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Moloney
authors.forename: A G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Dobbins
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Pasco
mesh_terms: D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon / Q000379:methods; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001315:Australia; D015519:Bone Density / Q000502:physiology*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D010024:Osteoporosis / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis*; D058866:Osteoporotic Fractures / Q000175:diagnosis*; D011336:Probability; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D012923:Social Class