title: The role of lens extraction in the current management of primary angle-closure glaucoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Lens extraction for primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) is a subject of increased interest recently, with advocates promoting its benefits of anatomical opening of the angle, intraocular pressure (IOP) reduction and improved vision. The present review seeks to evaluate recent available evidence to provide clarity on this potential intervention within the armamentarium of approaches for PACG.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The emergence of recent case-control studies, cohort studies and randomized controlled trials has provided a stronger evidence base to equip ophthalmic surgeons with the necessary information to utilize lens extraction in the management of PACG, and to consider whether this should be combined with trabeculectomy or goniosynechialysis. Imaging modalities such as anterior segment optical coherence tomography have yielded new insights into the mechanical features of the lens in angle closure, with the lens thickness and lens vault now quantifiable. A trend is emerging regarding the improvement in IOP control, reduced complication rates and reduced need for IOP-lowering medications in patients who undergo lens extraction for PACG. These issues are discussed, along with aspects of preoperative assessment and surgical techniques.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Good outcomes in terms of long-term IOP control have been found following lens extraction for PACG. Lens extraction should be considered in patients with PACG, especially with hyperopia, or a thick and anteriorly vaulted lens.
authors.affiliation: aSingapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre bDuke-NUS Graduate Medical School cDepartment of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
authors.forename: Sameer
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Trikha
authors.forename: Shamira A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Perera
authors.forename: Rahat
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Husain
authors.forename: Tin
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Aung
mesh_terms: D015812:Glaucoma, Angle-Closure / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007429:Intraocular Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D007908:Lens, Crystalline / Q000601:surgery*; D018918:Phacoemulsification; D014130:Trabeculectomy