title: Highly time-resolved imaging of combustion and pyrolysis product concentrations in solid fuel combustion: NO formation in a burning cigarette.
abstract: The highly dynamic, heterogeneous combustion process within a burning cigarette was investigated by a miniaturized extractive sampling probe (microprobe) coupled to photoionization mass spectrometry using soft laser single photon ionization (SPI) for online real-time detection of molecular ions of combustion and pyrolysis products. Research cigarettes smoked by a smoking machine are used as a reproducible model system for solid-state biomass combustion, which up to now is not addressable by current combustion-diagnostic tools. By combining repetitively recorded online measurement sequences from different sampling locations in an imaging approach, highly time- and space-resolved quantitative distribution maps of, e.g., nitrogen monoxide, benzene, and oxygen concentrations were obtained at a near microscopic level. The obtained quantitative distribution maps represent a time-resolved, movie-like imaging of the respective compound's formation and destruction zones in the various combustion and pyrolysis regions of a cigarette during puffing. Furthermore, spatially resolved kinetic data were ascertainable. The here demonstrated methodology can also be applied to various heterogenic combustion/pyrolysis or reaction model systems, such as fossil- or biomass-fuel pellet combustion or to a positional resolved analysis of heterogenic catalytic reactions.
authors.affiliation: Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre, Institute of Chemistry, Chair of Analytical Chemistry, University of Rostock , Rostock, D-18057, Germany.
authors.forename: Ralf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zimmermann
authors.forename: Romy
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hertz-Schünemann
authors.forename: Sven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ehlert
authors.forename: Chuan
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Kevin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: McAdam
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Baker
authors.forename: Thorsten
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Streibel
mesh_terms: D006358:Hot Temperature; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D007700:Kinetics; D013058:Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D012906:Smoke / Q000032:analysis*; D014026:Nicotiana / Q000737:chemistry*; D014835:Volatilization
chemical_list: D012906:Smoke; D009569:Nitric Oxide