title: Mechanisms Underlying the Antinociceptive, Antiedematogenic, and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of the Main Flavonoid from Kalanchoe pinnata.
abstract: Kalanchoe pinnata (KP) is popularly used for treating inflammatory diseases. This study investigated the antinociceptive, antiedematogenic, and anti-inflammatory potential of the subcutaneous administration of KP flower aqueous extract (KPFE), its ethyl acetate (EtOAcF) and butanol (BuOHF) fractions, and the main KP flavonoid [quercetin 3-O-α-L-arabinopyranosyl (1 → 2) α-L-rhamnopyranoside] (KPFV) in mice, as well as its possible mechanisms of action. KPFE (30-300 mg/kg) and KPFV (1-10 mg/kg) inhibited the acetic acid-induced writhing (ID50 = 164.8 and 9.4 mg/kg, resp.). KPFE (300 mg/kg), EtOAcF (12 mg/kg), BuOHF (15 mg/kg), or KPFV (0.3-3.0 mg/kg) reduced leukocyte migration on carrageenan-induced pleurisy (ID50 = 2.0 mg/kg for KPFV). KPFE (3-30 mg/kg) and KPFV (0.3-3.0 mg/kg) reduced the croton oil-induced ear edema (ID50 = 4.3 and 0.76 mg/kg, resp.). KPFE and KPFV reduced the TNF-α concentration in the pleural exudates on carrageenan-induced pleurisy test. Moreover, KPFV inhibited COX-1 (IC50 = 22.1 μg/mL) and COX-2 (IC50 > 50 μg/mL). The selectivity index (COX-1IC50 /COX-2IC50 ) was <0.44. These results indicate that KPFE and KPFV produced antinociceptive, antiedematogenic, and anti-inflammatory activities through COX inhibition and TNF-α reduction, revealing that the main flavonoid in KP flowers and leaves plays an important role in the ethnomedicinal use of the plant.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biology, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, BR 465, Km 07, 23890-000 Seropédica, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Raquel Teixeira
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Ferreira
authors.affiliation: Núcleo de Pesquisa de Produtos Naturais, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho 373, 21941-902 Cidade Universitária, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marcela Araújo Soares
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Coutinho
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biology, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, BR 465, Km 07, 23890-000 Seropédica, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: David do Carmo
authors.initials: Ddo C
authors.lastname: Malvar
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal de Goiás, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, 74001-970 Goiânia, GO, Brazil.
authors.forename: Elson Alves
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Costa
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal de Goiás, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, 74001-970 Goiânia, GO, Brazil.
authors.forename: Iziara Ferreira
authors.initials: IF
authors.lastname: Florentino
authors.affiliation: Núcleo de Pesquisa de Produtos Naturais, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho 373, 21941-902 Cidade Universitária, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Sônia Soares
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Costa
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biology, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, BR 465, Km 07, 23890-000 Seropédica, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Frederico Argollo
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Vanderlinde