title: Security and cost comparison of INR self-testing and conventional hospital INR testing in patients with mechanical heart valve replacement.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  International normalized ratio (INR) self-testing can improve the management of anticoagulation therapy with warfarin for the patients following mechanical heart valve replacement. Several reviews and studies have demonstrated self-management as an option to improve patient's outcome considerably after mechanical heart valve replacement. We sought to analyze the security, economy and discuss the prospect of self-testing of anticoagulation therapy in patients following mechanical heart valve replacement in China, and evaluate the accuracy and stability of CoaguChek XS portable INR-testing device.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a prospective self-controlled clinical study conducted with 526 patients receiving oral warfarin anticoagulation therapy after mechanical heart valve replacement in the period of Mar.1, 2012 - Nov.1, 2012 in Cardiovascular Surgery Department of West China Hospital of Sichuan University. The same patient performed INR testing with CoaguChek XS portable coagulometer (group1) and central lab (group 2) in parallel. The follow-up time was 6 months. Meanwhile, a questionnaire was handed out to survey the expenses required for the re-examination visits to the hospital, time, and anticoagulation complications.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No severe anticoagulation complications occurred in all the patients. No significant difference of the INR results were observed between group 1 and group 2, they showed significant relevance, r = 0.953(p < 0.05). Compared with the conventional method of INR testing in hospital, the portable coagulometer is convenient, quick and less traumatic. Self-testing of anticoagulation therapy reduced the cost and the time required for re-examination.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results of CoaguChek XS monitor are precise and have a good consistency and stability as compared with traditional laboratory testing. For the patients receiving anticoagulation therapy after mechanical heart valve replacement, the self-testing of anticoagulation therapy with portable coagulometer is a safe choice, and it has a promising future application in China.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P R China. scchenqiulin@163.com.
authors.forename: Qiu-lin
authors.initials: QL
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P R China. donglikn199@163.com.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P R China. dongyjoncol@163.com.
authors.forename: Yi-jun
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P R China. Jerry_zhaoshulin@163.com.
authors.forename: Shu-lin
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P R China. doctorfu510@163.com.
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P R China. wyq19871001@126.com.
authors.forename: Yu-qing
authors.initials: YQ
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P R China. jianghong3955175@163.com.
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jiang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002681:China; D003365:Costs and Cost Analysis; D005260:Female; D019918:Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation; D006801:Humans; D019934:International Normalized Ratio / Q000191:economics / Q000295:instrumentation*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019095:Point-of-Care Systems; D015397:Program Evaluation; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012648:Self Care; D014859:Warfarin / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants; D014859:Warfarin