title: Double-stranded RNA-specific adenosine deaminase 1 (ADAR1) promotes EIAV replication and infectivity.
abstract: Adenosine deaminases that act on RNA (ADARs) have been reported to be functional on various viruses. ADAR1 may exhibit antiviral or proviral activity depending on the type of virus. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 is the most well-studied lentivirus with respect to its interaction with ADAR1, and variable results have been reported. In this study, we demonstrated that equine ADAR1 (eADAR1) was a positive regulator of equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV), another lentivirus of the Retroviridae family. First, eADAR1 significantly promoted EIAV replication, and the enhancement of viral protein expression was associated with the long terminal repeat (LTR) and Rev response element (RRE) regions. Second, the RNA binding domain 1 of eADAR1 was essential only for enhancing LTR-mediated gene expression. Third, in contrast with APOBEC proteins, which have been shown to reduce lentiviral infectivity, eADAR1 increased the EIAV infectivity. This study indicated that eADAR1 was proviral rather than antiviral for EIAV.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, China; Biotechnology Institute of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
authors.forename: Yan-Dong
authors.initials: YD
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, China.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Na
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, China.
authors.forename: Li-Hua
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, China.
authors.forename: Fei
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, China.
authors.forename: Chun-Hui
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, China.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: Harbin Weike Biotechnology Development Company, Harbin 150069, China.
authors.forename: Qiang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, China.
authors.forename: Jia-Yi
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, China.
authors.forename: Zhan
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, China.
authors.forename: Xue-Feng
authors.initials: XF
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Biotechnology Institute of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China. Electronic address: chengyaoli@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Cheng-Yao
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, China. Electronic address: xjw@hvri.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Xiaojun
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, China; Harbin Pharmaceutical Group Biovaccine Company, Harbin 150069, China. Electronic address: jianhua_uc@126.com.
authors.forename: Jian-Hua
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Zhou
mesh_terms: D000243:Adenosine Deaminase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D004859:Equine Infectious Anemia / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000821:virology; D006736:Horses; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions; D004860:Infectious Anemia Virus, Equine / Q000235:genetics / Q000472:pathogenicity* / Q000502:physiology*; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D012330:RNA, Double-Stranded / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D020079:Terminal Repeat Sequences; D014774:Virulence; D014779:Virus Replication
chemical_list: D012330:RNA, Double-Stranded; D012367:RNA, Viral; D000243:Adenosine Deaminase
keywords: ADAR1; EIAV; Infectivity; Replication