title: Using Roadside Billboard Posters to Increase Admission Rates to Problem Gambling Services: Reflections on Failure.
abstract: Based on the stimulus-response model of advertising, this study sought to increase admission rates to a local problem gambling service (PGS) in Windsor, Ontario, Canada, by adding a series of locally based 10 foot by 20 foot roadside billboard posters to PGS's existing communications tools for a 24-week period. Using proof of performance reports, a pre-post survey of new callers to PGS, a website visit counter, and a media awareness survey, the findings showed that at least some individuals were influenced by billboard exposure, but admission rates continued to decline during the billboard campaign period. While one possible explanation for the communications failure was that the whole PGS communications campaign was below the minimal threshold for communications perception, another possible explanation is that the stimulus-response model of advertising used may not have been appropriate for such advertising that targets behavior change. Reflections on using an information-processing model instead of a stimulus-response model, and considerations of a two-step flow of communication, are provided. Recommendations are made regarding matching communications messages to stages of behavior change, use of online promotion, and strategies for future research.
authors.affiliation: University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada kcalder@uwindsor.ca.
authors.forename: Kimberly A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Calderwood
authors.affiliation: University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: William J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Wellington
mesh_terms: D001364:Awareness; D005715:Gambling / Q000628:therapy*; D058015:Health Communication / Q000379:methods*; D006293:Health Promotion / Q000379:methods; D006306:Health Surveys; D000067495:Healthcare Failure Mode and Effect Analysis; D006801:Humans; D008605:Mental Health Services / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D009864:Ontario; D010343:Patient Admission / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D057175:Posters as Topic; D040241:Social Marketing
keywords: behavior change; billboard posters; communications theory; marketing social services; problem gambling