title: A dual strategy for sensing metals with a nano 'pincer' scavenger for in vitro diagnostics and detection of liver diseases from blood samples.
abstract: This work presents a dual, non-invasive approach for the detection of elevated level of metals in patients with liver disease. A highly sensitive, small molecule 'pincer' scavenger was synthesized for the detection and quantification of copper in serum and systemically in vivo. For the in vitro diagnostics, the developed technique involves only a routine capillary blood sampling or venipuncture, removing the need for invasive biopsies. The organic scavenger molecule showed high specificity toward copper ions, with a detection sensitivity of 1.35 × 10(-2)μg/L in mouse serum. Furthermore, for the systemic detection of copper in the liver, a polymeric nanopincer has been designed and studied. The small molecule scavengers were stably incorporated into polymeric micelles via its long acyl chains and polymeric micelle proved to be a stable carrier when injected into mice intravenously. The organic scavenger molecule was found to be highly fluorescent and specific toward Cu(2+) and can potentially help ameliorate diseases regarding accretion of copper in certain vital organs. The strategy and the results provide a novel, non-invasive dual nanomedicine approach for the early detection and treatment of excessive metal deposits in the human organs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL 61801, United States; Beckman Institute, Urbana, IL 61801, United States; Carle Foundation Hospital, Urbana, IL 61801, United States.
authors.forename: Santosh K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Misra
authors.affiliation: Washington University School of Medicine, 4320 Forest Park Avenue, Saint Louis, MO 63108, United States.
authors.forename: Benjamin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Carle Foundation Hospital, Urbana, IL 61801, United States.
authors.forename: Nicholas J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Kolmodin
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL 61801, United States; Beckman Institute, Urbana, IL 61801, United States; Washington University School of Medicine, 4320 Forest Park Avenue, Saint Louis, MO 63108, United States; Carle Foundation Hospital, Urbana, IL 61801, United States. Electronic address: dipanjan@illinois.edu.
authors.forename: Dipanjan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pan
mesh_terms: D001774:Blood Chemical Analysis / Q000379:methods*; D003300:Copper / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D008107:Liver Diseases / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis*; D008823:Micelles; D015394:Molecular Structure; D049329:Nanostructures / Q000737:chemistry*; D010316:Particle Size; D013499:Surface Properties
chemical_list: D008823:Micelles; D003300:Copper
keywords: Diagnostics; Liver; Metal sensing; Nano pincer; Wilson's disease