title: Simulation of wind turbine wakes using the actuator line technique.
abstract: The actuator line technique was introduced as a numerical tool to be employed in combination with large eddy simulations to enable the study of wakes and wake interaction in wind farms. The technique is today largely used for studying basic features of wakes as well as for making performance predictions of wind farms. In this paper, we give a short introduction to the wake problem and the actuator line methodology and present a study in which the technique is employed to determine the near-wake properties of wind turbines. The presented results include a comparison of experimental results of the wake characteristics of the flow around a three-bladed model wind turbine, the development of a simple analytical formula for determining the near-wake length behind a wind turbine and a detailed investigation of wake structures based on proper orthogonal decomposition analysis of numerically generated snapshots of the wake.
authors.affiliation: DTU Wind Energy, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby 2800, Denmark Department of Earth Sciences, Uppsala University, Campus Gotland, Visby, Sweden jnso@dtu.dk.
authors.forename: Jens N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Sørensen
authors.affiliation: DTU Wind Energy, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby 2800, Denmark.
authors.forename: Robert F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Mikkelsen
authors.affiliation: KTH Mechanics, Linné FLOW Centre, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Dan S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Henningson
authors.affiliation: Department of Earth Sciences, Uppsala University, Campus Gotland, Visby, Sweden KTH Mechanics, Linné FLOW Centre, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ivanell
authors.affiliation: DTU Wind Energy, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby 2800, Denmark KTH Mechanics, Linné FLOW Centre, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Sasan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sarmast
authors.affiliation: DTU Wind Energy, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby 2800, Denmark.
authors.forename: Søren J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Andersen
keywords: actuator line; large eddy simulation; wakes; wind turbines