title: Evaluation of the effect of a home bleaching agent on surface characteristics of indirect esthetic restorative materials--part II microhardness.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The exponential usage of esthetic restorative materials is beholden to society needs and desires. Interaction between the bleaching agents and the esthetic restorative materials is of critical importance.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This in vitro study has been conducted to evaluate the effect of a home bleaching agent, carbamide peroxide (CP) 38%, on the microhardness of the fiber reinforced composite (FRC), overglazed, autoglazed, or polished porcelain specimens.
  
  
  METHODS
  For overglazed, autoglazed, polished ceramics and also FRC cylindrical specimens (n = 20 per group) were prepared. The specimens were stored in distilled water at 37°C for 48 hours prior to testing. Six samples from each group were selected randomly as negative controls which were stored in distilled water at 37°C that was changed daily. CP 38% was applied on the test specimens for 15 minutes, twice a day for 14 days. By using Knoop-microhardness tester microhardness testing for baseline, control and test specimens was conducted. Data were statistically analyzed using paired t-test, Mann-Whitney test, and Kruskal-Wallis test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Home bleaching significantly decreased the surface microhardness of all the test samples (p < 0.05), whereas the control groups did not show statistically significant changes after 2 weeks. The polished porcelain and polished composite specimens showed the most significant change in microhard-ness after bleaching process (p < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although the type of surface preparation affects the susceptibility of the porcelain surface to the bleaching agent, no special preparation can preclude such adverse effects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The contact of home bleaching agents with esthetic restorative materials is unavoidable. Therefore protecting these restorations from bleaching agents and reglazing or at least polishing the restorations after bleaching is recommended.
authors.affiliation: Associate Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
authors.forename: Kianoosh
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Torabi
authors.affiliation: Assistant Professor, Dental Research Center Dentistry Research Institute Tehran/Shiraz Universities of Medical Sciences, Tehran/ Shiraz, Iran.
authors.forename: Sasan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rasaeipour
authors.affiliation: Assistant Professor, Dental Research Center Dentistry Research Institute Tehran/Shiraz Universities of Medical Sciences, Tehran/ Shiraz, Iran, e-mail: s-ghodsi@sina.tums.ac.ir.
authors.forename: Safoura
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ghodsi
authors.affiliation: Assistant Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
authors.forename: Amir Ali Reza
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Khaledi
authors.affiliation: Professor, Biomaterial Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
authors.forename: Mahroo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vojdani
mesh_terms: D000538:Aluminum Silicates / Q000737:chemistry; D000077463:Carbamide Peroxide; D003188:Composite Resins / Q000737:chemistry*; D003764:Dental Materials / Q000737:chemistry*; D003775:Dental Polishing / Q000379:methods; D003776:Dental Porcelain / Q000737:chemistry; D004955:Esthetics, Dental; D006244:Hardness; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing; D010545:Peroxides / Q000737:chemistry*; D017680:Potassium Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D011897:Random Allocation; D013499:Surface Properties; D013696:Temperature; D013997:Time Factors; D058205:Tooth Bleaching Agents / Q000737:chemistry*; D014508:Urea / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000538:Aluminum Silicates; D003188:Composite Resins; D003764:Dental Materials; C095718:Duceram; D010545:Peroxides; D017680:Potassium Compounds; D058205:Tooth Bleaching Agents; D014867:Water; D003776:Dental Porcelain; C016447:feldspar; D000077463:Carbamide Peroxide; D014508:Urea