title: Management of low-dose aspirin and clopidogrel in clinical practice: a gastrointestinal perspective.
abstract: Low-dose aspirin, alone or combined with other antiplatelet agents, is increasingly prescribed for cardiovascular prevention. However, the cardiovascular benefits should be evaluated together with the gastrointestinal risks. Low-dose aspirin is associated with upper and lower gastrointestinal injury, although lower gastrointestinal effects are poorly characterized. This gastrointestinal risk differs among antiplatelets drugs users. The most important risk factors are history of peptic ulcer, older age, and concomitant use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs or dual antiplatelet therapy. Effective upper gastrointestinal prevention strategies are available and should be used in at-risk patients taking low-dose aspirin or clopidogrel. Proton pump inhibitors seem to be the best gastroprotective agents, whereas the benefits of Helicobacter pylori eradication are still unclear. Low-dose aspirin has additional effects in the gastrointestinal tract. A large body of evidence indicates that it can protect against different cancers, in particular colorectal cancer. This effect could modify the future indications for use of low-dose aspirin and the risk-benefit balance.
authors.affiliation: Service of Digestive Diseases, University Hospital, Saragossa, Spain, angel.lanas@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Angel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lanas
authors.forename: Carla J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Gargallo
mesh_terms: D001241:Aspirin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control; D000077144:Clopidogrel; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005767:Gastrointestinal Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000517:prevention & control*; D016481:Helicobacter Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology; D016480:Helicobacter pylori; D006801:Humans; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D054328:Proton Pump Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012307:Risk Factors; D013988:Ticlopidine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*
chemical_list: D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; D054328:Proton Pump Inhibitors; D000077144:Clopidogrel; D013988:Ticlopidine; D001241:Aspirin