title: The seasonality of respiratory viruses in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a common illness, yet little is known about its pathogenesis, including the role played by respiratory viruses.
  
  
  METHODS
  A transversal prospective study was conducted to analyze the seasonality of CRS using real-time polymerase chain reaction to detect respiratory virus genomes in secretions and tissue samples from patients with CRS with and without nasal polyps.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The frequency of viral detection was 41% (31/75). The respiratory virus most frequently detected was human rhinovirus, found in 18 patients (24%), followed by human metapneumovirus, human enterovirus, human respiratory sincicial virus, human adenovirus, human bocavirus, human coronavirus, and human influenza virus, detected in 12 (16%), five (6.6%), four (5.3%), four (5.3%), two (2.6%), two (2.6%), and one (1.3%) patient(s), respectively. Although none of the patients presented symptoms when the samples were collected, there was a peak in detection of the most prevalent virus in the autumn and winter seasons of both years, similar to the pattern that occurs in acute conditions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The pattern of respiratory virus seasonality found in nasal mucosa, polyps, and paranasal sinus samples in patients with CRS reinforces the possibility of asymptomatic respiratory viral infections.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Ophthalmology, Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, University of São Paulo, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.
authors.forename: Jesse T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Lima
authors.forename: Flavia E
authors.initials: FE
authors.lastname: Paula
authors.forename: José L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Proença-Modena
authors.forename: Ricardo C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Demarco
authors.forename: Guilherme P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Buzatto
authors.forename: Tamara H
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Saturno
authors.forename: Luana S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Delcaro
authors.forename: Edwin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tamashiro
authors.forename: Fabiana C P
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Valera
authors.forename: Eurico
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Arruda
authors.forename: Wilma T
authors.initials: WT
authors.lastname: Anselmo-Lima
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002908:Chronic Disease; D004770:Enterovirus / Q000302:isolation & purification; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D029121:Metapneumovirus / Q000302:isolation & purification; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012220:Rhinitis / Q000821:virology*; D012229:Rhinovirus / Q000302:isolation & purification; D012621:Seasons; D012852:Sinusitis / Q000821:virology*