title: Development of an adverse-event coping scale (AECS) using item response theory.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Adverse drug events (ADEs) cause significant morbidity and mortality to patients. A brief questionnaire asking patients how they coped with such problems could be a useful tool for providing timely interventions.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to develop an adverse-event coping scale (AECS) to measure patients' coping responses to their ADE.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were collected from subjects recruited from community pharmacies. Psychometric analyses based on item response theory (IRT) were performed to calibrate items and assess reliability. Convergent validity was evaluated by testing a priori formulated hypotheses about expected correlations between the coping scores and other related scales.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 140 patients participated in this study by answering the developed items. Confirmatory factor analysis supported a one-dimensional item bank with 11 items. The developed scale was reliable with the reliability coefficient of 0.82. Coping scores were positively correlated with seriousness of the ADE and health literacy, but not coping self-efficacy. Overall, results suggest that the score reflects problem magnitude and coping effort rather than coping efficacy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A high score on the AECS indicates an ADE serious enough to prompt a patient to invest substantial efforts to cope with it. The final AECS item bank and its short-form can help clinicians better understand their patients' ADE-coping efforts.
authors.affiliation: Pharmacy Administration, St. Louis College of Pharmacy, 4588 Parkview Place, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA. Electronic address: Taehwan.Park@stlcop.edu.
authors.forename: Taehwan
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
authors.forename: Ronald S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Hadsall
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
authors.forename: Jon C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Schommer
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
authors.forename: Cynthia R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Gross
authors.affiliation: Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN 55417, USA.
authors.forename: Thomas S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Rector
authors.affiliation: Department of Educational Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
authors.forename: Mark L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Davison
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D064420:Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; D005260:Female; D057220:Health Literacy; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008910:Minnesota; D010594:Pharmacies; D011594:Psychometrics; D020377:Self Efficacy; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Adverse drug event; Coping; Item response theory; Scale