title: Fullerene-associated phenanthrene contributes to bioaccumulation but is not toxic to fish.
abstract: The present study investigated the effects of aqueous fullerene suspensions (nC60 ) on the bioavailability and toxicity of phenanthrene (Phe) to junior carp (Cyprinus carpio). Bioaccumulation factors (BAFs) were calculated based on total as well as free concentrations of Phe. Equal BAF values were obtained with and without nC60 based on the total concentrations, whereas greater BAFs were found in the presence of nC60 when free Phe concentrations were applied. The results demonstrated that nC60 could act as a contaminant carrier to facilitate Phe bioaccumulation. The concentration-response relationship of induced hepatic 7-ethoxysorufin-O-deethylase activity was established in regard to the total and free concentrations of aqueous Phe solutions as well as the body residues. The concentration-response curves were reliant on the nC60 concentration when the total concentration of Phe was employed as a variable but were independent of nC60 presence when free concentration or body residue was employed as a variable, implying that the latter 2 parameters were more accurate in evaluating biological effects. Particles of C60 were mostly distributed in fish liver and intestines, which indicated the primary routine of uptake was through ingestion. Approximately 22% to 100% of the Phe-nC60 complex contributed to the bioaccumulation, whereas the complex did not contribute to the toxicity.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Xialin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Mohai
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: Daqiang
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Yin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002347:Carps / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D019363:Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1 / Q000378:metabolism; D037741:Fullerenes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000633:toxicity; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism; D007422:Intestines / Q000187:drug effects; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D016015:Logistic Models; D010616:Phenanthrenes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000633:toxicity; D013535:Suspensions / Q000737:chemistry; D014018:Tissue Distribution
chemical_list: D037741:Fullerenes; D010616:Phenanthrenes; D013535:Suspensions; C031181:phenanthrene; D019363:Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1
keywords: Bioavailability; Contaminant carrier; Ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase; Fullerene aqueous suspension; Phenanthrene