title: Spinal cord stimulation for intractable visceral pain due to sphincter of oddi dysfunction.
abstract: Sphincter of Oddi dysfunction (SOD) is a syndrome of chronic biliary pain or recurrent pancreatitis due to the functional obstruction of the pancreaticobiliary flow. We report a case of spinal cord stimulation (SCS) for chronic abdominal pain due to SOD. The patient had a history of cholecystectomy and had suffered from chronic right upper quadrant abdominal pain. The patient had been diagnosed as having SOD. The patient was treated with opioid analgesics and nerve blocks, including a splanchnic nerve block. However, two years later, the pain became intractable. We implanted percutaneous SCS at the T5-7 level for this patient. Visual analog scale (VAS) scores for pain and the amount of opioid intake decreased. The patient was tracked for more than six months without significant complications. From our clinical case, SCS is an effective and alternative treatment option for SOD. Further studies and long-term follow-up are necessary to understand the effectiveness and the limitations of SCS on SOD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Inje University Haeundae Paik Hospital, Busan, Korea.
authors.forename: Kang Hun
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Inje University Haeundae Paik Hospital, Busan, Korea.
authors.forename: Sang Eun
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Inje University Haeundae Paik Hospital, Busan, Korea.
authors.forename: Jae Wook
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Inje University Haeundae Paik Hospital, Busan, Korea.
authors.forename: Sang Yoon
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Jeon
keywords: Endoscopic; Intractable; Pain; Sphincter of Oddi dysfunction; Sphincterotomy; Spinal cord stimulation; Splanchnic nerves; Visceral pain