title: Interocular Shift of Visual Attention Enhances Stereopsis and Visual Acuities of Anisometropic Amblyopes beyond the Critical Period of Visual Development: A Novel Approach.
abstract: Aims. Increasing evidence shows that imbalanced suppressive drive prior to binocular combination may be the key factor in amblyopia. We described a novel binocular approach, interocular shift of visual attention (ISVA), for treatment of amblyopia in adult patients. Methods. Visual stimuli were presented anaglyphically on a computer screen. A square target resembling Landolt C had 2 openings, one in red and one in cyan color. Through blue-red goggles, each eye could only see one of the two openings. The patient was required to report the location of the opening presented to the amblyopic eye. It started at an opening size of 800 sec of arc, went up and down in 160 sec of arc step, and stopped when reaching the 5th reversals. Ten patients with anisometropic amblyopia older than age 14 (average age: 26.7) were recruited and received ISVA treatment for 6 weeks, with 2 training sessions per day. Results. Both Titmus stereopsis (z = -2.809, P = 0.005) and Random-dot stereopsis (z = -2.317, P = 0.018) were significantly improved. Average improvement in best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 0.74 line (t = 5.842, P < 0.001). Conclusions. The ISVA treatment may be effective in treating amblyopia and restoring stereoscopic function.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, 83 FenYang Road, Shanghai 200031, China ; Key Laboratory of Myopia, Ministry of Health, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, 83 FenYang Road, Shanghai 200031, China.
authors.forename: Liwen
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, 83 FenYang Road, Shanghai 200031, China ; Key Laboratory of Myopia, Ministry of Health, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, 83 FenYang Road, Shanghai 200031, China.
authors.forename: Xinghuai
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02135, USA.
authors.forename: Gang
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-0623-6236
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, 83 FenYang Road, Shanghai 200031, China ; Key Laboratory of Myopia, Ministry of Health, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, 83 FenYang Road, Shanghai 200031, China.
authors.forename: Shuai
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, 83 FenYang Road, Shanghai 200031, China ; Key Laboratory of Myopia, Ministry of Health, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, 83 FenYang Road, Shanghai 200031, China.
authors.forename: Rui
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Neurology, Room GF328, Health Sciences Centre, University of Manitoba, 820 Sherbrook Street, Winnipeg MB, Canada R3T 2N2.
authors.forename: Behzad
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Mansouri
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, 83 FenYang Road, Shanghai 200031, China ; Key Laboratory of Myopia, Ministry of Health, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, 83 FenYang Road, Shanghai 200031, China.
authors.forename: Vicky Wing Lai
authors.initials: VW
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, 83 FenYang Road, Shanghai 200031, China ; Key Laboratory of Myopia, Ministry of Health, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, 83 FenYang Road, Shanghai 200031, China.
authors.forename: Wen
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wen
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, 83 FenYang Road, Shanghai 200031, China ; Key Laboratory of Myopia, Ministry of Health, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, 83 FenYang Road, Shanghai 200031, China.
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, National Taiwan University Hospital, 7 ZhongShan S Road, Taipei 10002, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Ai-Hou
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Wang