title: Trends in incidence of occupational asthma, contact dermatitis, noise-induced hearing loss, carpal tunnel syndrome and upper limb musculoskeletal disorders in European countries from 2000 to 2012.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The European Union (EU) strategy for health and safety at work underlines the need to reduce the incidence of occupational diseases (OD), but European statistics to evaluate this common goal are scarce. We aim to estimate and compare changes in incidence over time for occupational asthma, contact dermatitis, noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL), carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) and upper limb musculoskeletal disorders across 10 European countries.
  
  
  METHODS
  OD surveillance systems that potentially reflected nationally representative trends in incidence within Belgium, the Czech Republic, Finland, France, Italy, the Netherlands, Norway, Spain, Switzerland and the UK provided data. Case counts were analysed using a negative binomial regression model with year as the main covariate. Many systems collected data from networks of 'centres', requiring the use of a multilevel negative binomial model. Some models made allowance for changes in compensation or reporting rules.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Reports of contact dermatitis and asthma, conditions with shorter time between exposure to causal substances and OD, were consistently declining with only a few exceptions. For OD with physical causal exposures there was more variation between countries. Reported NIHL was increasing in Belgium, Spain, Switzerland and the Netherlands and decreasing elsewhere. Trends in CTS and upper limb musculoskeletal disorders varied widely within and between countries.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is the first direct comparison of trends in OD within Europe and is consistent with a positive impact of European initiatives addressing exposures relevant to asthma and contact dermatitis. Taking a more flexible approach allowed comparisons of surveillance data between and within countries without harmonisation of data collection methods.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK NIHR Greater Manchester Primary Care Patient Safety Translational Research Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
authors.forename: S Jill
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Stocks
authors.affiliation: Centre for Biostatistics, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
authors.forename: Roseanne
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: McNamee
authors.affiliation: Coronel Institute of Occupational Health, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Henk F
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: van der Molen
authors.affiliation: Inserm U954, Vandoeuvre Les Nancy, France Occupational Diseases Department, University Hospital, Nancy, France.
authors.forename: Christophe
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Paris
authors.affiliation: Centre for Occupational Health, National Institute of Public Health, Prague, Czech Republic Department of Occupational Medicine, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Pavel
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Urban
authors.affiliation: Istituto Nazionale Assicurazione contro gli Infortuni sul Lavoro (INAIL) Research, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Campo
authors.affiliation: Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Tampere, Finland.
authors.forename: Riitta
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sauni
authors.affiliation: School of Occupational Medicine, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.
authors.forename: Begoña
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Martínez Jarreta
authors.affiliation: Département Santé Travail, Institut de veille sanitaire, Saint Maurice, France.
authors.forename: Madeleine
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Valenty
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium IDEWE, Heverlee, Belgium.
authors.forename: Lode
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Godderis
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational Medicine & Department of Actuarial Science, Suva (Swiss National Accident Insurance Fund), Lucerne, Switzerland Medical Faculty, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Miedinger
authors.affiliation: Caisse nationale de l'assurance maladie des travailleurs salariés, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Pascal
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Jacquetin
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Occupational Health, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Hans M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Gravseth
authors.affiliation: Département de Médecine et Santé au travail, Pôle Santé publique, CHU Grenoble, Grenoble, France.
authors.forename: Vincent
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Bonneterre
authors.affiliation: Observatoire régional de santé Île-de-France, ORS Île-de-France, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Maylis
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Telle-Lamberton
authors.affiliation: Occupational Diseases Department, University Hospital of Centre of Paris COCHIN, AP-HP, Paris, France Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, EA 4064, Laboratoire Santé Publique et Environnement, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Lynda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bensefa-Colas
authors.affiliation: Agence Nationale de Sécurité Sanitaire (ANSES), Maisons-Alfort, France.
authors.forename: Serge
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Faye
authors.affiliation: IDEWE, Heverlee, Belgium.
authors.forename: Godewina
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mylle
authors.affiliation: Norwegian Labour Inspection Authority, Trondheim, Norway.
authors.forename: Axel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wannag
authors.affiliation: Norwegian Labour Inspection Authority, Trondheim, Norway.
authors.forename: Yogindra
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Samant
authors.affiliation: Coronel Institute of Occupational Health, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Teake
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Pal
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational Medicine & Department of Actuarial Science, Suva (Swiss National Accident Insurance Fund), Lucerne, Switzerland Swiss Central Office for Statistics in Accident Insurance-SSUV, Lucerne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Scholz-Odermatt
authors.affiliation: Istituto Nazionale Assicurazione contro gli Infortuni sul Lavoro (INAIL) Research, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Adriano
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Papale
authors.affiliation: IDEWE, Heverlee, Belgium.
authors.forename: Martijn
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schouteden
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milano, Milano, Italy.
authors.forename: Claudio
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Colosio
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mattioli
authors.affiliation: Centre for Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
authors.forename: Raymond
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Agius
mesh_terms: D059366:Asthma, Occupational / Q000453:epidemiology*; D002349:Carpal Tunnel Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003625:Data Collection / Q000379:methods; D003877:Dermatitis, Contact / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005060:Europe / Q000453:epidemiology; D006317:Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D009140:Musculoskeletal Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011159:Population Surveillance; D012307:Risk Factors; D034941:Upper Extremity