title: Evaluation of dihydroquercetin-3-O-glucoside from Malbec grapes as copigment of malvidin-3-O-glucoside.
abstract: Malbec is a wine grape variety of great phenolic potential characterized for its high levels of anthocyanins and dihydroflavonols. To evaluate the possible implication of dihydroflavonols in the expression of red wine color through reactions of copigmentation or condensation, assays were carried out in wine model systems with different malvidin-3-O-glucoside:dihydroquercetin-3-O-glucoside molar ratios. The addition of increasing levels of dihydroquercetin-3-O-glucoside to a constant malvidin-3-O-glucoside concentration resulted in a hyperchromic effect associated with a darkening of the anthocyanin solutions, greater quantity of color and visual saturation, perceptible to the human eye. Copigmentation and thermodynamic measurements showed that dihydroquercetin-3-O-glucoside can act as an anthocyanin copigment, similar to other usual wine components like flavanols or phenolic acids, although apparently less efficient than flavonols. The high levels of dihydroflavonols existing in Malbec wines in relation to other non-anthocyanin phenolics should make this family of compounds particularly important to explain the color expression in Malbec young red wines.
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Aromas y Sustancias Naturales, Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Mendoza, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), San Martín 3853, 5507 Luján de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina. Electronic address: fanzone.martin@inta.gob.ar.
authors.forename: Martín
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fanzone
authors.affiliation: Grupo de Investigación en Polifenoles (GIP-USAL), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno s/n, E-37007 Salamanca, Spain.
authors.forename: Susana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: González-Manzano
authors.affiliation: Grupo de Investigación en Polifenoles (GIP-USAL), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno s/n, E-37007 Salamanca, Spain.
authors.forename: Joaquín
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pérez-Alonso
authors.affiliation: Grupo de Investigación en Polifenoles (GIP-USAL), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno s/n, E-37007 Salamanca, Spain.
authors.forename: María Teresa
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Escribano-Bailón
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Aromas y Sustancias Naturales, Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Mendoza, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), San Martín 3853, 5507 Luján de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina.
authors.forename: Viviana
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Jofré
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Aromas y Sustancias Naturales, Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Mendoza, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), San Martín 3853, 5507 Luján de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina.
authors.forename: Mariela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Assof
authors.affiliation: Grupo de Investigación en Polifenoles (GIP-USAL), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno s/n, E-37007 Salamanca, Spain.
authors.forename: Celestino
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Santos-Buelga
mesh_terms: D000872:Anthocyanins / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D003116:Color; D044948:Flavonols / Q000032:analysis; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry*; D005960:Glucosides / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006801:Humans; D062385:Hydroxybenzoates / Q000032:analysis; D010636:Phenols / Q000032:analysis; D010860:Pigments, Biological / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D011794:Quercetin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification; D013053:Spectrophotometry; D013816:Thermodynamics; D027843:Vitis / Q000737:chemistry*; D014920:Wine / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D000872:Anthocyanins; D044948:Flavonols; D005960:Glucosides; D062385:Hydroxybenzoates; D010636:Phenols; D010860:Pigments, Biological; C000600376:dihydroquercetin-3-O-glucoside; C065861:malvidin; C458419:malvidin-3-glucoside; D011794:Quercetin; C003377:taxifolin; C017616:phenolic acid
keywords: Anthocyanins; Color; Copigmentation; Dihydroflavonols; Dihydroquercetin-3-O-glucoside (PubChem CID: 14187089); Malbec; Malvidin-3-O-glucoside (PubChem CID: 443652)