title: Historical perspectives in clinical pathology: a history of glucose measurement.
abstract: This is the second in the series of historical articles dealing with developments in clinical pathology. As one of the most commonly measured analytes in pathology, the assessment of glucose dates back to the time of the ancient Egyptians. It was only in the 19th century that advances in chemistry led to the identification of the sugar in urine being glucose. The following century witnessed the development of more chemical and enzymatic methods which became incorporated into the modern analysers and point-of-care instruments which are as ubiquitous as the modern day cellphones. Tracking the milestones in these developments shows the striking paradigms and the many parallels in the development of other clinical chemistry methods.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Pathology & NHLS Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.
authors.forename: Nareshni
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Moodley
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Pathology & NHLS Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.
authors.forename: Unathi
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Ngxamngxa
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Pathology & NHLS Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.
authors.forename: Magdalena J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Turzyniecka
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Health Sciences and Steve Biko Academic Hospital, Department of Chemical Pathology and NHLS Tshwane Academic Division, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa Division of Chemical Pathology, Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
authors.forename: Tahir S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Pillay
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid / Q000652:urine; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D015190:Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring / Q000266:history* / Q000295:instrumentation; D005947:Glucose / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid / Q000266:history*; D044882:Glucose Metabolism Disorders / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000266:history* / Q000652:urine; D006029:Glycosuria / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000266:history / Q000652:urine; D049671:History, 18th Century; D049672:History, 19th Century; D049673:History, 20th Century; D049674:History, 21st Century; D049690:History, Ancient; D006801:Humans; D019095:Point-of-Care Systems / Q000266:history; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D011934:Reagent Strips / Q000266:history; D013997:Time Factors; D016482:Urinalysis / Q000266:history
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D001786:Blood Glucose; D011934:Reagent Strips; D005947:Glucose
keywords: CSF BIOCHEMISTRY; DIABETES; LABORATORY TESTS; POC TESTING; REAGENT STRIP TEST