title: Toxic effects of systemic cisplatin on rat eyes and the protective effect of hesperidin against this toxicity.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In the present study, cisplatin (CP) induced eye toxicity and the beneficial effect of hesperidin (HP) was investigated.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-eight rats were equally divided into four groups; the first group was kept as control. In the second and third group, CP and HP were given at the doses of 7 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg/d, respectively. In the fourth group, CP and HP were given together at the same doses. Tissue samples were collected on day 14 of CP treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results demonstrated that CP caused a significant increase in thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) levels and decrease of glutathione levels and antioxidant enzyme activity (catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase) in eye tissues compared to other groups, HP prevented these effects of CP. Besides, CP led to histopathological damage in the retina and cornea. On the other hand, HP treatment prevented histopathological effects of CP.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CP had severe dose-limiting toxic effects and HP treatment can be beneficial against the toxic ocular effects of CP. Thus, it appears that co-administration of HP with CP may be a useful approach to attenuate the negative effects of CP on the eye.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Ophthalmology .
authors.forename: Nihat
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Polat
authors.affiliation: b Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology , and.
authors.forename: Osman
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Ciftci
authors.affiliation: c Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine , University of Inonu , Malatya , Turkey.
authors.forename: Aslı
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cetin
authors.affiliation: a Department of Ophthalmology .
authors.forename: Turgut
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yılmaz
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000633:toxicity*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000633:toxicity*; D003315:Cornea / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D006569:Hesperidin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012160:Retina / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances; D006569:Hesperidin; D002374:Catalase; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D005978:Glutathione; D002945:Cisplatin
keywords: Cisplatin; hesperidin; oxidative damage; retinotoxicity