title: High-risk driving attitudes and everyday driving violations of car and racing enthusiasts in Ontario, Canada.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Attitudes and individual difference variables of car and racing enthusiasts regarding high-risk behaviors of street racing and stunt driving have recently been investigated. Positive attitudes toward high-risk driving, personality variables such as driver thrill seeking, and other self-reported risky driving acts were associated with these behaviors. However, probable relationships among high-risk driving tendencies, everyday driving behaviors, and negative road safety outcomes have remained largely unexamined. This study aimed to investigate the associations among car and racing enthusiasts' high-risk driving attitudes, self-reported everyday driving violations (i.e., ordinary and aggressive violations), and self-reported negative outcomes (i.e., collisions and driving offense citations).
  
  
  METHODS
  A web-based survey was conducted with members and visitors of car club and racing websites in Ontario, Canada. Data were obtained from 366 participants. The questionnaire included 4 attitude measures-(1) attitudes toward new penalties for Ontario's Street Racers, Stunt and Aggressive Drivers Legislation; (2) attitudes toward new offenses of stunt driving under the same legislation; (3) general attitudes toward street racing and stunt driving; (4) comparison of street racing with other risky driving behaviors-self-reported driving violations (i.e., ordinary and aggressive violations); self-reported collisions and offense citations; and background and driving questions (e.g., age, driving frequency).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Results revealed that attitudes toward stunt driving offenses negatively and general attitudes toward street racing and stunt driving positively predicted ordinary violations, which, in turn, predicted offense citations. Moreover, general attitudes toward street racing and stunt driving positively predicted aggressive violations, which, in turn, predicted offense citations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings indicate that positive high-risk driving attitudes may be transferring to driving violations in everyday traffic, which mediates driving offense citations.
authors.affiliation: a Population and Community Health Unit , Department of Family Medicine, Western University , London , Canada.
authors.forename: Zümrüt
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yildirim-Yenier
authors.forename: Evelyn
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Vingilis
authors.forename: David L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Wiesenthal
authors.forename: Robert E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Mann
authors.forename: Jane
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Seeley
mesh_terms: D000063:Accidents, Traffic / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000374:Aggression; D001290:Attitude; D001334:Automobile Driving / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence* / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007206:Individuality; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009864:Ontario; D012309:Risk-Taking; D057566:Self Report; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: car and racing enthusiasts; collisions; driving violations; high-risk driving attitudes; offense citations