title: Mediated protective effect of electroacupuncture pretreatment by miR-214 on myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Electroacupuncture pretreatment plays a protective role in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury and microRNAs (miRNAs) could act on various facets of cardiac function. However, the role of miRNAs in the cardioprotection by electroacupuncture pretreatment on myocardial I/R injury remains unknown. The purpose of the study was to examine whether miR-214 was involved in cardioprotection by electroacupuncture.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using rat myocardial I/R model, we examined the role of electroacupuncture pretreatment in myocardial I/R injury and analyzed the changes in the expression of miR-214. In addition, I/R was simulated in vitro by performing oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) on H9c2 cell cultures, and the effect of electroacupuncture pretreatment on I/R injury as well as expressional level of miR-214 were examined in vitro. Furthermore, the miR-214 mimic was transfected into OGD-treated H9c2 cells, we analyzed the cell apoptosis, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine kinase (CK) activities, intracellular free Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)]i) as well as the relative protein levels of sodium/calcium exchanger 1(NCX1), BCL2-like 11 (BIM), calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IIδ (CaMKIIδ) and Cyclophilin D (CypD).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The in vivo results revealed that compared with the I/R group, the electroacupuncture pretreatment group showed significant decreased myocardial infarct size, as well as the increased indices of the cardiac function, including heart rate, mean arterial pressure, left ventricular systolic pressure and maximal rate for left ventricular pressure rising and declining (±dp/dt max). In addition, electroacupuncture pretreatment could inhibit the elevation of LDH and CK activities induced by I/R injury. The quantitative PCR (qPCR) results demonstrated electroacupuncture pretreatment could provide cardioprotection against myocardial I/R injury in rats with miR-214 up-regulation. In the meanwhile, in vitro, electroacupuncture pretreatment protected H9c2 cells from OGD-induced injury. Transfection of miR-214 mimic showed protective effects on OGD-induced injury to H9c2 cells by reducing apoptosis, decreasing LDH and CK activities, rescuing the OGD-induced Ca(2+) and down-regulating elevated protein levels of NCX1, BIM, CaMKIIδ and CypD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings firstly demonstrated that electroacupuncture pretreatment promotes the expression of miR-214 in myocardial I/R injury and miR-214 contributes to the protective effect of electroacupuncture on myocardial I/R injury.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, ZhuJiang Hospital of Southern Medicine University, Guangzhou 510282, Guangdong Province, China ; Department of Anesthesiology, Hainan Provincial Corps Hospital of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Haikou 570203, Hainan Province, China.
authors.forename: Pei-Yu
authors.initials: PY
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Haikou People's Hospital, Haikou 570203, Hainan Province, China.
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, ZhuJiang Hospital of Southern Medicine University, Guangzhou 510282, Guangdong Province, China.
authors.forename: Shi-Yuan
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Xu
keywords: Electroacupuncture; I/R injury; Protective effect; miR-214