title: Effect of raloxifene on periapical lesions in ovariectomized rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of raloxifene (RLX) during progression of periapical lesions in ovariectomized (OVX) rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Female Wistar rats were OVX or subjected to sham surgery and received vehicle or RLX by gavage for 90 days. The treatment groups were as follows: sham surgery and treated with vehicle (SHAM-veh), OVX and treated with vehicle (OVX-veh), and OVX and treated with RLX (OVX-RLX). During treatment, the pulp of lower first molar was exposed to the oral environment for induction of periapical lesion that was analyzed 7 or 30 days after procedure. Blood samples were taken from jugular vein for measurement of estradiol, and the mandibles were removed and prepared for radiographic, histopathologic, histometric, and immunohistochemical analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Estradiol plasma concentration showed hypoestrogenism in OVX rats. The histopathologic analysis of the OVX/RLX group was similar to that of the SHAM-veh group, whereas OVX-veh group showed larger periapical lesions with more intense inflammatory response and more cells positive for tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase. Radiographically, the groups were similar, but lesions on day 7 were smaller than lesions on day 30.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results suggest that hypoestrogenism potentiates the progression of periapical lesions, and such condition was reversed by treatment with RLX.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endodontics, Araçatuba School of Dentistry, Universidade Estadual Paulista, São Paulo, Brazil. Electronic address: jegomesfilho@yahoo.com.br.
authors.forename: João Eduardo
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Gomes-Filho
authors.affiliation: Department of Endodontics, Araçatuba School of Dentistry, Universidade Estadual Paulista, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marcelo Tadahiro
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Wayama
authors.affiliation: Department of Basic Sciences, Araçatuba School of Dentistry, Universidade Estadual Paulista, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rita Cássia Menegati
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Dornelles
authors.affiliation: Department of Basic Sciences, Araçatuba School of Dentistry, Universidade Estadual Paulista, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Edilson
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ervolino
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Araçatuba School of Dentistry, Universidade Estadual Paulista, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Gilberto Aparecido
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Coclete
authors.affiliation: Department of Endodontics, Araçatuba School of Dentistry, Universidade Estadual Paulista, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Paulo Carvalho Tobias
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Duarte
authors.affiliation: Department of Endodontics, Araçatuba School of Dentistry, Universidade Estadual Paulista, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Guilherme Hiroshi
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Yamanri
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Araçatuba School of Dentistry, Universidade Estadual Paulista, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Carolina Simonetti
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Lodi
authors.affiliation: Department of Endodontics, Araçatuba School of Dentistry, Universidade Estadual Paulista, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Eloi
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Dezan-Júnior
authors.affiliation: Department of Endodontics, Araçatuba School of Dentistry, Universidade Estadual Paulista, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Luciano Tavares Angelo
authors.initials: LT
authors.lastname: Cintra
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004958:Estradiol / Q000097:blood* / Q000172:deficiency; D005260:Female; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D010052:Ovariectomy; D010485:Periapical Periodontitis / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology*; D020849:Raloxifene Hydrochloride / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents; D020849:Raloxifene Hydrochloride; D004958:Estradiol
keywords: Bone metabolism; estrogen; ovariectomized; periapical lesion; raloxifene