title: Creating diversified response profiles from a single quenchometric sensor element by using phase-resolved luminescence.
abstract: We report a new strategy for generating a continuum of response profiles from a single luminescence-based sensor element by using phase-resolved detection. This strategy yields reliable responses that depend in a predictable manner on changes in the luminescent reporter lifetime in the presence of the target analyte, the excitation modulation frequency, and the detector (lock-in amplifier) phase angle. In the traditional steady-state mode, the sensor that we evaluate exhibits a linear, positive going response to changes in the target analyte concentration. Under phase-resolved conditions the analyte-dependent response profiles: (i) can become highly non-linear; (ii) yield negative going responses; (iii) can be biphasic; and (iv) can exhibit super sensitivity (e.g., sensitivities up to 300 fold greater in comparison to steady-state conditions).
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Natural Sciences Complex, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA. cornell.elizabeth@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Elizabeth C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Tehan
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Natural Sciences Complex, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA. rmbukowski@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Rachel M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Bukowski
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McGill University, McConnell Engineering Building, 3480 University Street, Montreal, QC H3A 0E9, Canada. vamsy.chodavarapu@mcgill.ca.
authors.forename: Vamsy P
authors.initials: VP
authors.lastname: Chodavarapu
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical Engineering, Bonner Hall, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA. ahtitus@buffalo.edu.
authors.forename: Albert H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Titus
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical Engineering, Bonner Hall, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA. anc@buffalo.edu.
authors.forename: Alexander N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Cartwright
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Natural Sciences Complex, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA. chefvb@buffalo.edu.
authors.forename: Frank V
authors.initials: FV
authors.lastname: Bright