title: Malaria risk factors in Dielmo, a Senegalese malaria-endemic village, between October and November of 2013: a case-control study.
abstract: The incidence of malaria has decreased recently in parts of Africa, coinciding with the widespread use of long-lasting insecticide-treated nets (LLINs) and artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT). This reduction was also observed in Dielmo, our study area, and it was associated with the use of ACT as the first-line treatment against malaria beginning in 2006 and the implementation of LLINs in 2008. However, an unexplained slight increase in malaria incidence was observed in October and November of 2013. The aim of this study was to identify individual and environmental risk factors for malaria using a case-control study approach. Thirty cases and sixty controls were investigated. The use of LLINs was protective against malaria (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 0.10; 95% confidence interval [95% CI] = 0.02-0.45; P = 0.003). The risk of malaria transmission was high among villagers who watched television outside the house or the bedroom during the night (AOR = 8.83; 95% CI = 1.39-56.22; P = 0.021). The use of LLINs should be reinforced by the use of individual protection measures to avoid malaria transmission outside of the home.
authors.affiliation: Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes, IRD198, UM63, CNRS7278, INSERMU1095, Aix-Marseille Université, Campus UCAD-IRD, Dakar, Sénégal; Aix-Marseille Université, UMR912 SESSTIM (INSERM-IRD-AMU), Marseille, France; Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Unité d'Epidémiologie, Dakar, Sénégal; Institut Hospitalo Universitaire Mediterranee-Infection, Aix-Marseille Université, Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes, IRD198, UM63, CNRS7278, INSERMU1095, Marseille, France.
authors.forename: Amélé N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Wotodjo
authors.affiliation: Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes, IRD198, UM63, CNRS7278, INSERMU1095, Aix-Marseille Université, Campus UCAD-IRD, Dakar, Sénégal; Aix-Marseille Université, UMR912 SESSTIM (INSERM-IRD-AMU), Marseille, France; Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Unité d'Epidémiologie, Dakar, Sénégal; Institut Hospitalo Universitaire Mediterranee-Infection, Aix-Marseille Université, Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes, IRD198, UM63, CNRS7278, INSERMU1095, Marseille, France.
authors.forename: Nafissatou
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Diagne
authors.affiliation: Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes, IRD198, UM63, CNRS7278, INSERMU1095, Aix-Marseille Université, Campus UCAD-IRD, Dakar, Sénégal; Aix-Marseille Université, UMR912 SESSTIM (INSERM-IRD-AMU), Marseille, France; Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Unité d'Epidémiologie, Dakar, Sénégal; Institut Hospitalo Universitaire Mediterranee-Infection, Aix-Marseille Université, Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes, IRD198, UM63, CNRS7278, INSERMU1095, Marseille, France.
authors.forename: Jean
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gaudart
authors.affiliation: Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes, IRD198, UM63, CNRS7278, INSERMU1095, Aix-Marseille Université, Campus UCAD-IRD, Dakar, Sénégal; Aix-Marseille Université, UMR912 SESSTIM (INSERM-IRD-AMU), Marseille, France; Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Unité d'Epidémiologie, Dakar, Sénégal; Institut Hospitalo Universitaire Mediterranee-Infection, Aix-Marseille Université, Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes, IRD198, UM63, CNRS7278, INSERMU1095, Marseille, France.
authors.forename: Vincent
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Richard
authors.affiliation: Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes, IRD198, UM63, CNRS7278, INSERMU1095, Aix-Marseille Université, Campus UCAD-IRD, Dakar, Sénégal; Aix-Marseille Université, UMR912 SESSTIM (INSERM-IRD-AMU), Marseille, France; Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Unité d'Epidémiologie, Dakar, Sénégal; Institut Hospitalo Universitaire Mediterranee-Infection, Aix-Marseille Université, Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes, IRD198, UM63, CNRS7278, INSERMU1095, Marseille, France.
authors.forename: Didier
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Raoult
authors.affiliation: Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes, IRD198, UM63, CNRS7278, INSERMU1095, Aix-Marseille Université, Campus UCAD-IRD, Dakar, Sénégal; Aix-Marseille Université, UMR912 SESSTIM (INSERM-IRD-AMU), Marseille, France; Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Unité d'Epidémiologie, Dakar, Sénégal; Institut Hospitalo Universitaire Mediterranee-Infection, Aix-Marseille Université, Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes, IRD198, UM63, CNRS7278, INSERMU1095, Marseille, France Cheikh.Sokhna@ird.fr.
authors.forename: Cheikh
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sokhna
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D019353:Endemic Diseases; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008288:Malaria / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008297:Male; D016017:Odds Ratio; D012307:Risk Factors; D012675:Senegal / Q000453:epidemiology; D013997:Time Factors; D055815:Young Adult