title: Effect of homeopathic Lycopodium clavatum on memory functions and cerebral blood flow in memory-impaired rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Lycopodium clavatum (Lyc) is a widely used homeopathic medicine for the liver, urinary and digestive disorders. Recently, acetyl cholinesterase (AchE) inhibitory activity has been found in Lyc alkaloid extract, which could be beneficial in dementia disorder. However, the effect of Lyc has not yet been explored in animal model of memory impairment and on cerebral blood flow.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The present study was planned to explore the effect of Lyc on learning and memory function and cerebral blood flow (CBF) in intracerebroventricularly (ICV) administered streptozotocin (STZ) induced memory impairment in rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Memory deficit was induced by ICV administration of STZ (3 mg/kg) in rats on 1st and 3rd day. Male SD rats were treated with Lyc Mother Tincture (MT) 30, 200 and 1000 for 17 days. Learning and memory was evaluated by Morris water maze test on 14th, 15th and 16th day. CBF was measured by Laser Doppler flow meter on 17th day.
  
  
  RESULTS
  STZ (ICV) treated rats showed impairment in learning and memory along with reduced CBF. Lyc MT and 200 showed improvement in learning and memory. There was increased CBF in STZ (ICV) treated rats at all the potencies of Lyc studied.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The above study suggests that Lyc may be used as a drug of choice in condition of memory impairment due to its beneficial effect on CBF.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pharmacology, CSIR - Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India.
authors.forename: Kashif
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hanif
authors.affiliation: Division of Pharmacology, CSIR - Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India.
authors.forename: Manoj
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.affiliation: Division of Pharmacology, CSIR - Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India.
authors.forename: Neetu
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: Division of Pharmacology, CSIR - Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India. Electronic address: rakeshshuklacdri@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Rakesh
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Shukla
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D006705:Homeopathy; D032502:Lycopodium; D008297:Male; D018782:Maze Learning / Q000187:drug effects; D008568:Memory / Q000187:drug effects*; D008569:Memory Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013311:Streptozocin / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D013311:Streptozocin
keywords: Cerebral blood flow; Cognitive dysfunction; Lycopodium clavatum; Streptozotocin