title: Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors with dual-tail moieties to match the hydrophobic and hydrophilic halves of the carbonic anhydrase active site.
abstract: We present a new approach to carbonic anhydrase II (CA II) inhibitor design that enables close interrogation of the regions of the CA active site where there is the greatest variability in amino acid residues among the different CA isozymes. By appending dual tail groups onto the par excellence CA inhibitor acetazolamide, compounds that may interact with the distinct hydrophobic and hydrophilic halves of the CA II active site were prepared. The dual-tail combinations selected included (i) two hydrophobic moieties, (ii) two hydrophilic moieties, and (iii) one hydrophobic and one hydrophilic moiety. The CA enzyme inhibition profile as well as the protein X-ray crystal structure of compound 3, comprising one hydrophobic and one hydrophilic tail moiety, in complex with CA II is described. This novel dual-tail approach has provided an enhanced opportunity to more fully exploit interactions with the CA active site by enabling these molecules to interact with the distinct halves of the active site. In addition to the dual-tail compounds, a corresponding set of single-tail derivatives was synthesized, enabling a comparative analysis of the single-tail versus dual-tail compound CA inhibition profile.
authors.affiliation: Eskitis Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University , Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia.
authors.forename: Rajendra P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Tanpure
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.forename: Thomas S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Peat
authors.forename: Laurent F
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Bornaghi
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Vullo
authors.forename: Claudiu T
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Supuran
authors.forename: Sally-Ann
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Poulsen
mesh_terms: D002257:Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002256:Carbonic Anhydrases / Q000378:metabolism*; D020134:Catalytic Domain / Q000187:drug effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D006801:Humans; D057927:Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; D008958:Models, Molecular; D015394:Molecular Structure; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship
chemical_list: D002257:Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors; D002256:Carbonic Anhydrases