title: Gastroschisis: antenatal sonographic predictors of adverse neonatal outcome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this review was to identify clinically significant ultrasound predictors of adverse neonatal outcome in fetal gastroschisis.
  
  
  METHODS
  A quasi-systematic review was conducted in PubMed and Ovid using the key terms "gastroschisis," "predictors," "outcome," and "ultrasound."
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 18 papers were included. The most common sonographic predictors were intra-abdominal bowel dilatation (IABD), intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), and bowel dilatation not otherwise specified (NOS). Three ultrasound markers were consistently found to be statistically insignificant with respect to predicting adverse outcome including abdominal circumference, stomach herniation and dilatation, and extra-abdominal bowel dilatation (EABD).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Gastroschisis is associated with several comorbidities, yet there is much discrepancy in the literature regarding which specific ultrasound markers best predict adverse neonatal outcomes. Future research should include prospective trials with larger sample sizes and use well-defined and consistent definitions of the adverse outcomes investigated with consideration given to IABD.
authors.affiliation: Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, The Ottawa Hospital, General Campus, 501 Smyth Road, Room 8472, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1H 8L6.
authors.forename: Rachael
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-3863-4469
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Page
authors.affiliation: Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, The Ottawa Hospital, General Campus, 501 Smyth Road, Room 8472, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1H 8L6.
authors.forename: Zachary Michael
authors.initials: ZM
authors.lastname: Ferraro
authors.affiliation: Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, The Ottawa Hospital, General Campus, 501 Smyth Road, Room 8472, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1H 8L6.
authors.forename: Felipe
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Moretti
authors.affiliation: Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, The Ottawa Hospital, General Campus, 501 Smyth Road, Room 8472, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1H 8L6.
authors.forename: Karen Fung Kee
authors.initials: KF
authors.lastname: Fung
mesh_terms: D004108:Dilatation, Pathologic / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000196:embryology; D005260:Female; D005317:Fetal Growth Retardation / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D020139:Gastroschisis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006801:Humans; D007422:Intestines / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000196:embryology; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal