title: Protective effect of δ-amyrone against ethanol-induced gastric ulcer in mice.
abstract: The purpose of this study is to examine the protective effect of δ-amyrone on ethanol-induced gastric ulcer in mice. The mice intragastric administration 75% (0.5 mL/100g) ethanol was pretreated with δ-amyrone (4 and 8 mg/kg) and cimetidine (100 mg/kg) or vehicles in different experimental groups for a continuous three-day, and animals were euthanized 3h after ethanol ingestion. The gastric lesions were significantly attenuated by δ-amyrone (4 and 8 mg/kg) as compared to the ulcer control group. Pre-treatment with δ-amyrone prevented the myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, production of nitric oxide (NO) in serum, expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) p65 protein expression. Analysis of cytokines in gastric tissue and serum of ethanol-induced mice showed the levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were decreased by δ-amyrone in response to NF-κB p65. These results suggested that δ-amyrone exerts its protective effect on experimental gastric ulcer by inhibiting NF-κB signaling pathways, which subsequently reduces overproduction of the inducible enzymes iNOS and suppresses the release of the inflammatory factors TNF-α, IL-6 and NO. Thus, δ-amyrone shows promise as a therapeutic agent in experimental gastric ulcer.
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, PR China.
authors.forename: Weifeng
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, PR China.
authors.forename: Huan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, PR China. Electronic address: niuxf@mail.xjtu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Xiaofeng
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Niu
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, PR China.
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, PR China.
authors.forename: Hailin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, PR China.
authors.forename: Huani
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, PR China.
authors.forename: Qingli
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Mu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000097:blood; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D000431:Ethanol / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005745:Gastric Acidity Determination; D005753:Gastric Mucosa / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D009093:Mucus / Q000378:metabolism; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000378:metabolism; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D020011:Protective Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013276:Stomach Ulcer / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D051996:Transcription Factor RelA / Q000378:metabolism; D014315:Triterpenes / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D020011:Protective Agents; D051996:Transcription Factor RelA; D014315:Triterpenes; C511312:amyrone; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D000431:Ethanol; D009195:Peroxidase; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II
keywords: Ethanol; Gastric ulcer; Inflammatory mediators; NF-κB; δ-Amyrone