title: Characterization of nociceptive response to chemical, mechanical, and thermal stimuli in adolescent rats with neonatal dopamine depletion.
abstract: Rats with dopamine depletion caused by 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) treatment during adulthood and the neonatal period exhibit akinetic motor activity and spontaneous motor hyperactivity during adolescence, respectively, indicating that the behavioral effects of dopamine depletion depend on the period of lesion development. Dopamine depletion during adulthood induces hyperalgesic response to mechanical, thermal, and/or chemical stimuli, whereas the effects of neonatal dopamine depletion on nociceptive response in adolescent rats are yet to be examined. The latter aspect was addressed in this study, and behavioral responses were examined using von-Frey, tail flick, and formalin tests. The formalin test revealed that rats with neonatal dopamine depletion exhibited a significant increase in nociceptive response during interphase (6-15min post formalin injection) and phase 2 (16-75min post formalin injection). This increase in nociceptive response to the formalin injection was not reversed by pretreatment with methamphetamine, which ameliorates motor hyperactivity observed in adolescent rats with neonatal 6-OHDA treatment. The von-Frey filament and tail flick tests failed to reveal significant differences in withdrawal thresholds between neonatal 6-OHDA-treated and vehicle-treated rats. The spinal neuronal response to the formalin injection into the rat hind paw was also examined through immunohistochemical analysis of c-Fos protein. Significantly increased numbers of c-Fos-immunoreactive cells were observed in laminae I-II and V-VI of the ipsilateral spinal cord to the site of the formalin injection in rats with neonatal dopamine depletion compared with vehicle-treated rats. These results suggest that the dopaminergic neural system plays a crucial role in the development of a neural network for tonic pain, including the spinal neural circuit for nociceptive transmission, and that the mechanism underlying hyperalgesia to tonic pain is not always consistent with that of spontaneous motor hyperactivity induced by neonatal dopamine depletion.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, School of Allied Health Sciences, Kitasato University, 1-15-1, Kitasato Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan. Electronic address: masa422@ahs.kitasato-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ogata
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, School of Allied Health Sciences, Kitasato University, 1-15-1, Kitasato Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan. Electronic address: noda1219@ahs.kitasato-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Noda
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, School of Allied Health Sciences, Kitasato University, 1-15-1, Kitasato Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan. Electronic address: akita310@ahs.kitasato-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Akita
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, School of Allied Health Sciences, Kitasato University, 1-15-1, Kitasato Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan. Electronic address: isibasih@kitasato-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ishibashi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D001933:Brain Stem / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development / Q000503:physiopathology; D004298:Dopamine / Q000172:deficiency*; D015259:Dopamine Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D005557:Formaldehyde; D006358:Hot Temperature; D006930:Hyperalgesia / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D008694:Methamphetamine / Q000494:pharmacology; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D016627:Oxidopamine; D017288:Pain Threshold / Q000502:physiology; D016760:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos / Q000378:metabolism; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development / Q000503:physiopathology*; D014110:Touch; D014446:Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D015259:Dopamine Agents; D016760:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos; D005557:Formaldehyde; D008694:Methamphetamine; D016627:Oxidopamine; D014446:Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase; D004298:Dopamine
keywords: 6-hydroxydopamine; c-Fos; dopaminergic neural system; formalin test; neonatal dopamine depletion; nociceptive response