title: Access to Investigational Drugs: FDA Expanded Access Programs or "Right-to-Try" Legislation?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The Food and Drug Administration Expanded Access (EA) program and "Right-to-Try" legislation aim to provide seriously ill patients who have no other comparable treatment options to gain access to investigational drugs and biological agents. Physicians and institutions need to understand these programs to respond to questions and requests for access.
  
  
  METHODS
  FDA EA programs and state and federal legislative efforts to provide investigational products to patients by circumventing FDA regulations were summarized and compared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The FDA EA program includes Single Patient-Investigational New Drug (SP-IND), Emergency SP-IND, Intermediate Sized Population IND, and Treatment IND. Approval rates for all categories exceed 99%. Approval requires FDA and Institutional Review Board (IRB) approval, and cooperation of the pharmaceutical partner is essential. "Right-to-Try" legislation bypasses some of these steps, but provides no regulatory or safety oversight.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The FDA EA program is a reasonable option for patients for whom all other therapeutic interventions have failed. The SP-IND not only provides patient access to new drugs, but also maintains a balance between immediacy and necessary patient protection. Rather than circumventing existing FDA regulations through proposed legislation, it seems more judicious to provide the knowledge and means to meet the EA requirements.
authors.affiliation: Center for Translational Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.
authors.forename: M E Blair
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Holbein
authors.affiliation: Duke Translational Medicine Institute, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
authors.forename: Jelena P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Berglund
authors.affiliation: Michigan Institute for Clinical and Health Research, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
authors.forename: Kevin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Weatherwax
authors.affiliation: Center for Translational Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.
authors.forename: David E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Gerber
authors.affiliation: Clinical & Translational Science Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Joan E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Adamo
mesh_terms: D057176:Compassionate Use Trials / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*; D017277:Drug Approval / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*; D015507:Drugs, Investigational / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004608:Eligibility Determination / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence; D006291:Health Policy / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*; D006297:Health Services Accessibility / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*; D006801:Humans; D061214:Patient Safety; D016730:Program Development; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D014481:United States; D014486:United States Food and Drug Administration / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*
chemical_list: D015507:Drugs, Investigational
keywords: FDA; Phase I; new agents; trials