title: Composition and biological activities of slaughterhouse blood from red deer, sheep, pig and cattle.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Animal blood is a large-volume by-product of the meat industry. Besides blood meal fertiliser, blood is marketed for human consumption as a supplement. Minimal comparative work on slaughterhouse animal blood fractions has been carried out. In this study, slaughterhouse deer, sheep, pig and cattle blood parameters were compared. Some blood constituents were determined. Fractionated blood was assessed for antioxidant activity (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging, oxygen radical scavenging capacity and ferric reducing antioxidant power). Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity and antimicrobial activity were also assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Serum iron ranged from 35.3 ± 0.6 µmol L(-1) in cattle to 16.3 ± 3.1 µmol L(-1) in deer. Cattle had the highest total plasma proteins (81.7 ± 1.5 g L(-1)). While the plasma fractions contained considerable antioxidant activity, the red blood cell fractions of all four animal species contained higher antioxidant activity (P < 0.05). Negligible levels of ACE inhibitory activity were found for all animal blood fractions. Antimicrobial activity was detected towards Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa with sheep white blood cells from which a crude neutrophil extract was obtained which demonstrated concentration-dependent inhibitory effects on the growth rates of these bacterial strains.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Fractionated animal blood obtained from local slaughterhouses contains native proteins that possess antioxidant activity and antimicrobial activity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Clara S F
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Bah
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Alaa El-Din A
authors.initials: Ael-D
authors.lastname: Bekhit
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Alan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Carne
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Michelle A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: McConnell
mesh_terms: D000003:Abattoirs; D000818:Animals; D000835:Animals, Wild; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects; D001798:Blood Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002417:Cattle; D003670:Deer; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D058751:Livestock; D010949:Plasma / Q000737:chemistry*; D012756:Sheep; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D001798:Blood Proteins
keywords: ACE inhibitory; antimicrobial; antioxidant; bioactivity; blood constituents; slaughterhouse animal blood