title: Currents induced by fast movements inside the MRI room may cause inhibition in an implanted pacemaker.
abstract: The static magnetic field generated by MRI systems is highly non-homogenous and rapidly decreases when moving away from the bore of the scanner. Consequently, the movement around the MRI scanner is equivalent to an exposure to a time-varying magnetic field at very low frequency (few Hz). If people with an implanted pacemaker (PM) enter the MRI room, fast movements may thus induce voltages on the loop formed by the PM lead, with the potential to modify the correct behavior of the stimulator. In this study, we performed in-vitro measurements on a human-shaped phantom, equipped with an implantable PM and with a current sensor, able to monitor the activity of the PM while moving the phantom in the MRI room. Fast rotational movements in close proximity of the bore of the scanner caused the inappropriate inhibition of the PM, programmed in VVI modality, maximum sensitivity, unipolar sensing and pacing. The inhibition occurred for a variation of the magnetic field of about 3 T/s. These findings demonstrate that great care must be paid when extending PM MRI compatibility from patients to healthcare personnel, since the safety procedures and the MRI-conditional PM programming (e.g. asynchronous stimulation or bipolar sensing) used for patients cannot be applied.
authors.forename: Eugenio
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mattei
authors.forename: Federica
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Censi
authors.forename: Matteo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mancini
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Napolitano
authors.forename: Elisabetta
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Genovese
authors.forename: Vittorio
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Cannatà
authors.forename: Giancarlo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Burriesci
authors.forename: Rosaria
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Falsaperla
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Calcagnini
mesh_terms: D055590:Electromagnetic Phenomena; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D060526:Magnetic Fields; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008954:Models, Biological; D009068:Movement; D010138:Pacemaker, Artificial; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging