title: Internally oxidized Nb₃Sn strands with fine grain size and high critical current density.
abstract: Nb3Sn strands fabricated using Nb-Zr alloy can be internally oxidized, provided that oxygen is properly supplied via an oxide powder. This allows the formation of fine intragranular and intergranular ZrO2 particles in a Nb3Sn matrix. These particles can refine the grain size by a factor of three and thereby greatly enhance the Nb3Sn critical current density.
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
authors.forename: Xingchen
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Michael D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Sumption
authors.forename: Xuan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Peng
keywords: Nb3Sn superconductor; critical current density; grain size; internal oxidation; refinement