title: Prenatal development toxicity study of zinc oxide nanoparticles in rats.
abstract: This study investigated the potential adverse effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles ([ZnO(SM20(+)) NPs] zinc oxide nanoparticles, positively charged, 20 nm) on pregnant dams and embryo-fetal development after maternal exposure over the period of gestational days 5-19 with Sprague-Dawley rats. ZnO(SM20(+)) NPs were administered to pregnant rats by gavage at 0, 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg/day. All dams were subjected to a cesarean section on gestational day 20, and all of the fetuses were examined for external, visceral, and skeletal alterations. Toxicity in the dams manifested as significantly decreased body weight after administration of 400 mg/kg/day NPs; reduced food consumption after administration of 200 and 400 mg/kg/day NPs; and decreased liver weight and increased adrenal glands weight after administration of 400 mg/kg/day NPs. However, no treatment-related difference in: number of corpora lutea; number of implantation sites; implantation rate (%); resorption; dead fetuses; litter size; fetal deaths and placental weights; and sex ratio were observed between the groups. On the other hand, significant decreases between treatment groups and controls were seen for fetal weights after administration of 400 mg/kg/day NPs. Morphological examinations of the fetuses demonstrated significant differences in incidences of abnormalities in the group administered 400mg/kg/day. Meanwhile, no significant difference was found in the Zn content of fetal tissue between the control and high-dose groups. These results showed that oral doses for the study with 15-days repeated of ZnO(SM20(+)) NPs were maternotoxic in the 200 mg/kg/day group, and embryotoxic in the 400 mg/kg/day group.
authors.affiliation: Health Care Research Laboratory, Korea Testing and Research Institute, Gimpo, South Korea ; College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Jeong-Sup
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.affiliation: Health Care Research Laboratory, Korea Testing and Research Institute, Gimpo, South Korea.
authors.forename: Myeong-Kyu
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Health Care Research Laboratory, Korea Testing and Research Institute, Gimpo, South Korea.
authors.forename: Min-Seok
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Health Care Research Laboratory, Korea Testing and Research Institute, Gimpo, South Korea.
authors.forename: Jeong-Hyeon
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.affiliation: Health Care Research Laboratory, Korea Testing and Research Institute, Gimpo, South Korea.
authors.forename: Gil-Jong
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Health Care Research Laboratory, Korea Testing and Research Institute, Gimpo, South Korea.
authors.forename: Eun-Ho
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Maeng
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Eulji University, Seongnam-si, South Korea.
authors.forename: Jae-Ho
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Korea University Medical School and College, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Meyoung-Kon
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Toxicological Research Division, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Chungcheongbuk-do, South Korea.
authors.forename: Jayoung
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jeong
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Jin-A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea.
authors.forename: Jong-Choon
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Ho-Chul
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Shin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D047108:Embryonic Development / Q000187:drug effects*; D005260:Female; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity; D011247:Pregnancy; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D018675:Toxicity Tests; D015034:Zinc Oxide / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D015034:Zinc Oxide
keywords: developmental toxicity; maternal toxicity; nanotoxicology; teratogenicity