title: Ultrastructural Changes of Caudate Nucleus in Mice Chronically Treated with Manganese.
abstract: Manganese (Mn) is able to cross the blood-brain barrier and induces functional and structural alterations during the intoxication by this metal. Therefore, the effects of chronic administration of Mn in the caudate nucleus of mice were evaluated by electron microscopy. Male albino mice were injected intraperitoneally with MnCl2 (5 mg/kg/d) 5 d per week during 9 weeks. The control group received only 0.9% of NaCl solution. The caudate nuclei were extracted and subsequently processed to be observed on a conventional transmission electron microscope at 2, 4, 6, and 9 weeks after treatment. A high percentage of vacuolated and swollen mitochondria were found throughout all the analyzed periods. Myelin disarrangement and ultrastructural alterations related to edema were observed increased in Mn-treated mice at week 9. Granular degeneration of myelin at week 9 accompanied with deposition of electron dense granules in the neuropil was also observed. Edema in neuropil and glial cells was detected from week 2 to week 9 accompanied by swollen mitochondria. Neuronal bodies, synaptic terminals, and perivascular cells were found swollen. Decreased electron density in postsynaptic areas and decreased and dispersed synaptic vesicles in presynaptic areas were noted in Mn-treated animals. Some neurons from Mn-treated mice showed cisternae dilation of the Golgi apparatus. These results suggest that Mn-treatment produces structural alterations in the caudate nucleus that could be responsible for some of the neurotoxic effects of this metal.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Biología, Facultad Experimental de Ciencias, Universidad del Zulia , Maracaibo , Venezuela .
authors.forename: Virginia
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Villalobos
authors.forename: Juan Pablo
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Hernández-Fonseca
authors.forename: Ernesto
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bonilla
authors.forename: Shirley
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Medina-Leendertz
authors.forename: Marylu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mora
authors.forename: Jesús
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mosquera
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002421:Caudate Nucleus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D002712:Chlorides / Q000633:toxicity*; D008297:Male; D017895:Manganese Compounds; D051379:Mice; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000187:drug effects / Q000648:ultrastructure; D009186:Myelin Sheath / Q000187:drug effects / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D009413:Nerve Fibers, Myelinated / Q000187:drug effects / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D013054:Spectrophotometry, Atomic
chemical_list: D002712:Chlorides; D017895:Manganese Compounds; C025340:manganese chloride
keywords: Caudate nucleus; manganese toxicity; mitochondria; myelin; ultrastructural alterations