title: Options for the nasal repair of non-syndromic unilateral Tessier no. 2 and 3 facial clefts.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Non-syndromic Tessier no. 2 and 3 facial clefts primarily affect the nasal complex. The anatomy of such clefts is such that the ala of the nose has a cleft. Repairing the ala presents some challenges to the surgeon, especially to correct the shape and missing tissue. Various techniques have been considered to repair these cleft defects.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We present two surgical options to repair such facial clefts.
  
  
  METHODS
  A nasal dorsum rotational flap was used to treat patients with Tessier no. 2 clefts. This is a local flap that uses tissue from the dorsal surface of the nose. The advantage of this flap design is that it helps move the displaced ala of a Tessier no. 2 cleft into its normal position. A forehead-eyelid-nasal transposition flap design was used to treat patients with Tessier no. 3 clefts. This flap design includes three prongs that are rotated downward. A forehead flap is rotated into the area above the eyelid, the flap from above the eyelid is rotated to infra-orbital area and the flap from the infraorbital area that includes the free nasal ala of the cleft is rotated into place.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These two flap designs show good results and can be used to augment the treatment options for repairing Tessier no. 2 and 3 facial clefts.
authors.affiliation: GSR Institute of Craniofacial Surgery, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
authors.forename: Srinivas Gosla
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Reddy
authors.affiliation: GSR Institute of Craniofacial Surgery, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
authors.forename: Rajgopal R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Reddy
authors.affiliation: Children Hospital Zurich, University Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Joachim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Obwegeser
authors.affiliation: Bruges Cleft and Craniofacial Centre, GH St. Jan, Bruges, Belgium.
authors.forename: Maurice Y
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Mommaerts
keywords: Facial clefts; Tessier clefts; Tessier no. 2 cleft; Tessier no. 3 cleft