title: Parity implications for anthropometrical variables, lifestyle behaviors and dietary habits in pregnant women.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Maintaining an adequate health status and appropriate lifestyles during pregnancy is of great importance to prevent adverse outcomes for both mother and baby. The present study aimed to assess the nutritional status, socio-demographic features, lifestyle behaviors and dietary habits of pregnant women in Spain, and to identify the influence of parity on these profiles.
  
  
  METHODS
  This cross-sectional study included pregnant women from regions all over Spain. The information was collected through a 40 item questionnaire, previously validated by community health professionals.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 5,087 pregnant women analyzed had an average age of 31.9 years with an adequate nutritional status. The distribution of the sample was 56% nulliparous and 44% multiparous. The nulliparous reported a better self-perceived health status and nutritional balance, and a lower incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus. However, the multiparous showed healthier lifestyle habits (lower rates of smoking and alcohol consumption) and more physically active patterns. Regarding diet, nulliparous pregnant women consumed more dairy products, fresh fruit and nuts, and less bread, rice/pasta/potatoes, meat, sausage and buns/pastries than multiparous pregnant women.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Differences between analyzed patterns were observed in anthropometrical variables, lifestyle behaviors and dietary habits, which may require different nutritional messages to nulliparous as compared to multiparous from a public health point of view.
authors.affiliation: Department or Nutrition, Food Sciences and Physiology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, 31008, Spain. jalfmtz@unav.es.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Goñi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cuervo
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Santiago
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Zazpe
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Martínez
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008019:Life Style; D009752:Nutritional Status; D010298:Parity; D011247:Pregnancy; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires