title: Construction of a fuzzy and Boolean logic gates based on DNA.
abstract: Logic gates are devices that can perform logical operations by transforming a set of inputs into a predictable single detectable output. The hybridization properties, structure, and function of nucleic acids can be used to make DNA-based logic gates. These devices are important modules in molecular computing and biosensing. The ideal logic gate system should provide a wide selection of logical operations, and be integrable in multiple copies into more complex structures. Here we show the successful construction of a small DNA-based logic gate complex that produces fluorescent outputs corresponding to the operation of the six Boolean logic gates AND, NAND, OR, NOR, XOR, and XNOR. The logic gate complex is shown to work also when implemented in a three-dimensional DNA origami box structure, where it controlled the position of the lid in a closed or open position. Implementation of multiple microRNA sensitive DNA locks on one DNA origami box structure enabled fuzzy logical operation that allows biosensing of complex molecular signals. Integrating logic gates with DNA origami systems opens a vast avenue to applications in the fields of nanomedicine for diagnostics and therapeutics.
authors.affiliation: Centre for DNA Nanotechnology (CDNA), Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
authors.forename: Reza M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Zadegan
authors.forename: Mette D E
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Jepsen
authors.forename: Lasse L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Hildebrandt
authors.forename: Victoria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Birkedal
authors.forename: Jørgen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kjems
mesh_terms: D039301:Computers, Molecular; D004247:DNA / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D004867:Equipment Design; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D017143:Fuzzy Logic; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000295:instrumentation*
chemical_list: D004247:DNA
keywords: DNA origami; FRET; biosensor; boolean gates; fuzzy logic