title: Listeria arpJ gene modifies T helper type 2 subset differentiation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although the T-cell subset differentiation pathway has been characterized extensively from the view of host gene regulation, the effects of genes of the pathogen on T-cell subset differentiation during infection have yet to be elucidated. Especially, the bacterial genes that are responsible for this shift have not yet been determined.
  
  
  METHODS
  Utilizing a single-gene-mutation Listeria panel, we investigated genes involved in the host-pathogen interaction that are required for the initiation of T-cell subset differentiation in the early phase of pathogen infection.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We demonstrate that the induction of T helper types 1 and 2 (Th1 and Th2) subsets are separate phenomena and are mediated by distinct Listeria genes. We identified several candidate Listeria genes that appear to be involved in the host-Listeria interaction. Among them, arpJ is the strongest candidate gene for inhibiting Th2 subset induction. Furthermore, the analysis utilizing arpJ-deficient Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) revealed that the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) superfamily (Tnfsf) 9-TNF receptor superfamily (Tnfrsf) 9 interaction inhibits the Th2 response during Lm infection.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  arpJ is the candidate gene for inhibiting Th2 T-cell subset induction. The arpJ gene product influences the expression of Tnfsf/Tnfrsf on antigen-presenting cells and inhibits the Th2 T-cell subset differentiation during Listeria infection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology and Host Defenses, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Japan.
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kanoh
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology and Host Defenses, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Japan.
authors.forename: Saho
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Maruyama
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology and Host Defenses, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Japan.
authors.forename: Hua
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology and Host Defenses, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Japan.
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology and Host Defenses, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroto
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shinomiya
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Theodor-Boveri-Institute, Würtzburg University, Germany.
authors.forename: Karin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Przybilla
authors.affiliation: Unit of Bacteria-Cell Interactions, INSERM U604, INRA USC2020, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Edith
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gouin
authors.affiliation: Unit of Bacteria-Cell Interactions, INSERM U604, INRA USC2020, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Pascale
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Cossart
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Theodor-Boveri-Institute, Würtzburg University, Germany.
authors.forename: Werner
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Goebel
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology and Host Defenses, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshihiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Asano
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000276:immunology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D005798:Genes, Bacterial; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions; D008089:Listeria monocytogenes / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D008088:Listeriosis / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D006377:T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer / Q000502:physiology* / Q000821:virology
keywords: APC; Listeria monocytogenes; Th1 and Th2