title: Dynamic changes in meningeal inflammation correspond to clinical exacerbations in a murine model of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis.
abstract: Inflammation in the meninges, tissues surrounding the brain and spinal cord that enclose the cerebrospinal fluid, closely parallels clinical exacerbations in relapsing-remitting experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). In preclinical disease, an influx of innate immune cells precedes loss of blood brain barrier (BBB) integrity and large-scale inflammation in the central nervous system (CNS). T cell infiltration into the meninges is observed in acute disease as well as during relapse, when neither BBB permeability nor significant increases in peripherally-derived immune cell numbers in the CNS are observed. These findings support the idea that the meninges are a gateway for immune cell access into the CNS, a finding that has important therapeutic implications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States.
authors.forename: Margaret E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Walker-Caulfield
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States.
authors.forename: Julianne K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Hatfield
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States. Electronic address: m-brown12@northwestern.edu.
authors.forename: Melissa A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Brown
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001812:Blood-Brain Barrier / Q000503:physiopathology; D002490:Central Nervous System / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D005620:Freund's Adjuvant / Q000633:toxicity; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D008578:Meninges / Q000473:pathology*; D008581:Meningitis / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008817:Mice, Mutant Strains; D020529:Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000150:complications*; D018991:Myelin Proteolipid Protein / Q000633:toxicity; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000633:toxicity; D010539:Permeability; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D018991:Myelin Proteolipid Protein; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C435023:myelin proteolipid protein (139-151); D005620:Freund's Adjuvant
keywords: Blood brain barrier (BBB); CNS demyelinating disease; Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE); Meninges; Multiple sclerosis (MS); Relapsing–remitting EAE