title: Ozone effects on wheat grain quality - a summary.
abstract: We synthesized the effects of ozone on wheat quality based on 42 experiments performed in Asia, Europe and North America. Data were analysed using meta-analysis and by deriving response functions between observed effects and daytime ozone concentration. There was a strong negative effect on 1000-grain weight and weaker but significant negative effects on starch concentration and volume weight. For protein and several nutritionally important minerals (K, Mg, Ca, P, Zn, Mn, Cu) concentration was significantly increased, but yields were significantly decreased by ozone. For other minerals (Fe, S, Na) effects were not significant or results inconclusive. The concentration and yield of potentially toxic Cd were negatively affected by ozone. Some baking properties (Zeleny value, Hagberg falling number) were positively influenced by ozone. Effects were similar in different exposure systems and for spring and winter wheat. Ozone effects on quality should be considered in future assessments of food security/safety.
authors.affiliation: University of Gothenburg, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, P.O. Box 461, SE-40530 Göteborg, Sweden.
authors.forename: Malin C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Broberg
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuangqing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100085, China.
authors.forename: Zhaozhong
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuangqing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100085, China.
authors.forename: Yue
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xin
authors.affiliation: University of Gothenburg, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, P.O. Box 461, SE-40530 Göteborg, Sweden. Electronic address: hakan.pleijel@bioenv.gu.se.
authors.forename: Håkan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Pleijel
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000633:toxicity*; D001208:Asia; D002523:Edible Grain; D008903:Minerals / Q000032:analysis; D010126:Ozone / Q000633:toxicity*; D010938:Plant Oils; D018514:Plant Structures; D012621:Seasons; D013213:Starch; D014908:Triticum / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development*
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D008903:Minerals; D010938:Plant Oils; D010126:Ozone; D013213:Starch
keywords: 1000-Grain weight; Baking quality; Mineral; Ozone; Protein; Quality; Starch; Volume weight; Wheat