title: Interventional imaging: the role of echocardiography.
abstract: Interventional echocardiography is a rapidly evolving field requiring imaging expertise. An increasing number of structural heart interventions now require real-time imaging guidance for device placement and immediate functional evaluation. Continuous 2- and 3-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography are now required by many heart teams during complex structural interventions, including percutaneous closure of atrial septal defects, left atrial appendage occlusion, transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR), transcatheter repair of paravalvular regurgitation, and percutaneous mitral valve repair. In this review, we describe the role of echocardiography during the initial structural evaluation, throughout the device placement procedure, and for the assessment of acute device function and complications.
authors.affiliation: Houston Methodist DeBakey Heart & Vascular Center, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas.
authors.forename: Dimitrios
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Maragiannis
authors.affiliation: Houston Methodist DeBakey Heart & Vascular Center, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas.
authors.forename: Stephen H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Little
mesh_terms: D001024:Aortic Valve Stenosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D020517:Atrial Appendage / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D001281:Atrial Fibrillation / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D006328:Cardiac Catheterization / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D004452:Echocardiography / Q000379:methods*; D018618:Echocardiography, Doppler, Color / Q000379:methods; D019560:Echocardiography, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods; D017548:Echocardiography, Transesophageal / Q000379:methods; D006331:Heart Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D006344:Heart Septal Defects, Atrial / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D006350:Heart Valve Prosthesis; D019918:Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008944:Mitral Valve Insufficiency / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D055989:Septal Occluder Device; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D018084:Ultrasonography, Interventional / Q000379:methods*
keywords: 3-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography; interventional imaging; mitral valve repair; paravalvular regurgitation