title: The Three Lineages of the Diploid Hybrid Verticillium longisporum Differ in Virulence and Pathogenicity.
abstract: Verticillium longisporum is an economically important vascular pathogen of Brassicaceae crops in different parts of the world. V. longisporum is a diploid hybrid that consists of three different lineages, each of which originated from a separate hybridization event between two different sets of parental species. We used 20 isolates representing the three V. longisporum lineages and the relative V. dahliae, and performed pathogenicity tests on 11 different hosts, including artichoke, cabbage, cauliflower, cotton, eggplant, horseradish, lettuce, linseed, oilseed rape (canola), tomato, and watermelon. V. longisporum was overall more virulent on the Brassicaceae crops than V. dahliae, which was more virulent than V. longisporum across the non-Brassicaceae crops. There were differences in virulence between the three V. longisporum lineages. V. longisporum lineage A1/D1 was the most virulent lineage on oilseed rape, and V. longisporum lineage A1/D2 was the most virulent lineage on cabbage and horseradish. We also found that on the non-Brassicaceae hosts eggplant, tomato, lettuce, and watermelon, V. longisporum was more or equally virulent than V. dahliae. This suggests that V. longisporum may have a wider potential host range than currently appreciated.
authors.affiliation: First and fifth authors: Plant Pathology and Crop Protection Division, Department of Crop Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Georg-August University of Göttingen, Grisebachstraße 6, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany; second and seventh authors: Department of Plant Pathology, and third author: Genome Center and Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis; and fourth author: United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, 1636 E. Alisal Street, Salinas, CA 93905.
authors.forename: Fluturë
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Novakazi
authors.affiliation: First and fifth authors: Plant Pathology and Crop Protection Division, Department of Crop Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Georg-August University of Göttingen, Grisebachstraße 6, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany; second and seventh authors: Department of Plant Pathology, and third author: Genome Center and Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis; and fourth author: United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, 1636 E. Alisal Street, Salinas, CA 93905.
authors.forename: Patrik
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Inderbitzin
authors.affiliation: First and fifth authors: Plant Pathology and Crop Protection Division, Department of Crop Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Georg-August University of Göttingen, Grisebachstraße 6, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany; second and seventh authors: Department of Plant Pathology, and third author: Genome Center and Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis; and fourth author: United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, 1636 E. Alisal Street, Salinas, CA 93905.
authors.forename: German
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sandoya
authors.affiliation: First and fifth authors: Plant Pathology and Crop Protection Division, Department of Crop Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Georg-August University of Göttingen, Grisebachstraße 6, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany; second and seventh authors: Department of Plant Pathology, and third author: Genome Center and Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis; and fourth author: United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, 1636 E. Alisal Street, Salinas, CA 93905.
authors.forename: Ryan J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Hayes
authors.affiliation: First and fifth authors: Plant Pathology and Crop Protection Division, Department of Crop Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Georg-August University of Göttingen, Grisebachstraße 6, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany; second and seventh authors: Department of Plant Pathology, and third author: Genome Center and Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis; and fourth author: United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, 1636 E. Alisal Street, Salinas, CA 93905.
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: von Tiedemann
authors.affiliation: First and fifth authors: Plant Pathology and Crop Protection Division, Department of Crop Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Georg-August University of Göttingen, Grisebachstraße 6, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany; second and seventh authors: Department of Plant Pathology, and third author: Genome Center and Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis; and fourth author: United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, 1636 E. Alisal Street, Salinas, CA 93905.
authors.forename: Krishna V
authors.initials: KV
authors.lastname: Subbarao
mesh_terms: D019607:Brassicaceae / Q000382:microbiology*; D002678:Chimera; D004171:Diploidy; D058507:Host Specificity; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000382:microbiology*; D020172:Verticillium / Q000235:genetics / Q000472:pathogenicity* / Q000502:physiology; D014774:Virulence