title: Partial Molecular Characterization of Arctium minus Aspartylendopeptidase and Preparation of Bioactive Peptides by Whey Protein Hydrolysis.
abstract: In this article, we report the cloning of an aspartic protease (AP) from flowers of Arctium minus (Hill) Bernh. (Asteraceae) along with the use of depigmented aqueous flower extracts, as a source of APs, for the hydrolysis of whey proteins. The isolated cDNA encoded a protein product with 509 amino acids called arctiumisin, with the characteristic primary structure organization of typical plant APs. Bovine whey protein hydrolysates, obtained employing the enzyme extracts of A. minus flowers, displayed inhibitory angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and antioxidant activities. Hydrolysates after 3 and 5 h of reaction (degree of hydrolysis 2.4 and 5.6, respectively) and the associated peptide fraction with molecular weight below 3 kDa were analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization/time of flight mass spectrometry, and reverse phase-high-performance liquid chromatography. The results obtained in this study demonstrate the viability of using proteases from A. minus to increase the antioxidant and inhibitory ACE capacity of whey proteins.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Plant Proteins Research Centre (CIPROVE), National University of La Plata , La Plata, Argentina .
authors.forename: Cecilia V
authors.initials: CV
authors.lastname: Cimino
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Plant Proteins Research Centre (CIPROVE), National University of La Plata , La Plata, Argentina .
authors.forename: María Laura
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Colombo
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Plant Proteins Research Centre (CIPROVE), National University of La Plata , La Plata, Argentina .
authors.forename: Constanza
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Liggieri
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Plant Proteins Research Centre (CIPROVE), National University of La Plata , La Plata, Argentina .
authors.forename: Mariela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bruno
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Plant Proteins Research Centre (CIPROVE), National University of La Plata , La Plata, Argentina .
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vairo-Cavalli
mesh_terms: D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D031170:Arctium / Q000737:chemistry*; D016282:Aspartic Acid Endopeptidases / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D057055:Aspartic Acid Proteases / Q000737:chemistry*; D002417:Cattle; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods; D018076:DNA, Complementary; D035264:Flowers / Q000737:chemistry; D006868:Hydrolysis / Q000187:drug effects*; D013058:Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000067816:Whey Proteins / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D000975:Antioxidants; D018076:DNA, Complementary; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D010936:Plant Extracts; D010940:Plant Proteins; D000067816:Whey Proteins; D057055:Aspartic Acid Proteases; D016282:Aspartic Acid Endopeptidases
keywords: angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitory activity; antioxidant capacity; arctiumisin; cloning; milk protein; typical plant aspartic protease