title: Nontargeted metabolite profiles and sensory properties of strawberry cultivars grown both organically and conventionally.
abstract: Strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) contains many secondary metabolites potentially beneficial for human health, and several of these compounds contribute to strawberry sensory properties, as well. In this study, three strawberry cultivars grown both conventionally and organically were subjected to nontargeted metabolite profiling analysis with LC-qTOF-ESI-MS and to descriptive sensory evaluation by a trained panel. Combined metabolome and sensory data (PLS model) revealed that 79% variation in the metabolome explained 88% variation in the sensory profiles. Flavonoids and condensed and hydrolyzable tannins determined the orosensory properties, and fatty acids contributed to the odor attributes of strawberry. Overall, the results indicated that the chemical composition and sensory quality of strawberries grown in different cultivation systems vary mostly according to cultivar. Organic farming practices may enhance the accumulation of some plant metabolites in specific strawberry genotypes. Careful cultivar selection is a key factor for the improvement of nutritional quality and marketing value of organic strawberries.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, ‡Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, and #School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland , P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kårlund
authors.forename: Kati
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hanhineva
authors.forename: Marko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lehtonen
authors.forename: Reijo O
authors.initials: RO
authors.lastname: Karjalainen
authors.forename: Mari
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sandell
mesh_terms: D000383:Agriculture / Q000379:methods*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000032:analysis; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000032:analysis; D031985:Fragaria / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development*; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry / Q000254:growth & development*; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D055442:Metabolome; D009753:Nutritive Value; D009812:Odorants / Q000032:analysis; D058871:Organic Agriculture / Q000379:methods*; D012677:Sensation; D012903:Smell; D013045:Species Specificity; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; D013634:Tannins / Q000032:analysis; D013649:Taste
chemical_list: D005227:Fatty Acids; D005419:Flavonoids; D013634:Tannins
keywords: Fragaria × ananassa Duch.; cultivars; nontargeted metabolite profiling; organic farming; sensory analysis