title: A review of: application of synthetic scaffold in tissue engineering heart valves.
abstract: The four heart valves represented in the mammalian hearts are responsible for maintaining unidirectional, non-hinder blood flow. The heart valve leaflets synchronically open and close approximately 4 million times a year and more than 3 billion times during the life. Valvular heart dysfunction is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality around the world. When one of the valves malfunctions, the medical choice is may be to replace the original valves with an artificial one. Currently, the mechanical and biological artificial valves are clinically used with some drawbacks. Tissue engineering heart valve concept represents a new technique to enhance the current model. In tissue engineering method, a three-dimensional scaffold is fabricated as the template for neo-tissue development. Appropriate cells are seeded to the matrix in vitro. Various approaches have been investigated either in scaffold biomaterials and fabrication techniques or cell source and cultivation methods. The available results of ongoing experiments indicate a promising future in this area (particularly in combination of bone marrow stem cells with synthetic scaffold), which can eliminate the need for lifelong anti-coagulation medication, durability and reoperation problems.
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials, Manufacturing & Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia. Electronic address: faehsan2@live.utm.my.
authors.forename: Ehsan
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Fallahiarezoudar
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials, Manufacturing & Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Mohaddeseh
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ahmadipourroudposht
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioprocess Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Ani
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Idris
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials, Manufacturing & Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Noordin
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mohd Yusof
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001705:Bioprosthesis; D006349:Heart Valve Diseases / Q000628:therapy; D006350:Heart Valve Prosthesis; D006801:Humans; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods*; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds / Q000737:chemistry*
keywords: Autologous stem cells; Cardiovascular; Heart valves; Synthetic scaffold; Tissue engineering