title: Influence of ambient music on perceived exertion during a pulmonary rehabilitation session: a randomized crossover study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Pulmonary rehabilitation is a key element in the treatment of COPD. Music has been shown to have a positive effect on parameters related to a decrease in exercise tolerance. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of listening to ambient music on perceived exertion during a pulmonary rehabilitation session for COPD subjects.
  
  
  METHODS
  COPD subjects randomly performed a session of pulmonary rehabilitation with or without ambient music. Perceived exertion (Borg scales), anxiety (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale-Anxiety Subscale), dyspnea (visual analog scale), and cardiorespiratory parameters were compared at the end of both sessions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Forty-one subjects were analyzed. The characteristics of the COPD subjects were as follows: age, 70.5 ± 8.4 y; body mass index, 22.7 ± 3.9 kg/m(2); and FEV1, 38.6 ± 12.5 % predicted. Perceived exertion was not modified by ambient music, but anxiety was improved (P = .02). Dyspnea, fatigue and cardiorespiratory parameters were not influenced by music during a typical session of the pulmonary rehabilitation program.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study demonstrates that perceived exertion during one pulmonary rehabilitation session was not influenced by ambient music. However, a positive effect on anxiety was observed. (ClinicalTrials.gov registration NCT01833260.).
authors.affiliation: Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Pôle de Pneumologie, ENT & Dermatologie, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium. Service de Pneumologie Service de Médecine Physique et Réadaptation, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium. gregory.reychler@uclouvain.be.
authors.forename: Gregory
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Reychler
authors.affiliation: Service de Pneumologie.
authors.forename: Florian
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mottart
authors.affiliation: Service de Médecine Physique et Réadaptation, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium.
authors.forename: Maelle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Boland
authors.affiliation: Service de Médecine Physique et Réadaptation, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium.
authors.forename: Emmanuelle
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Wasterlain
authors.affiliation: Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Pôle de Pneumologie, ENT & Dermatologie, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium. Service de Pneumologie.
authors.forename: Thierry
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Pieters
authors.affiliation: Service de Médecine Physique et Réadaptation, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium.
authors.forename: Gilles
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Caty
authors.affiliation: Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Pôle de Pneumologie, ENT & Dermatologie, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium. Service de Pneumologie.
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Liistro
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001007:Anxiety / Q000523:psychology; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004417:Dyspnea / Q000523:psychology; D005081:Exercise Therapy / Q000379:methods / Q000523:psychology*; D017079:Exercise Tolerance; D005221:Fatigue / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009146:Music; D010465:Perception; D005082:Physical Exertion; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000534:rehabilitation*
keywords: COPD; anxiety; chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; exercise; fatigue; music