title: The impact of dietary fat withdrawal on carcass iodine value, belly characteristics, and changes in body fat over time.
abstract: The inclusion of unsaturated fats in pig diets has raised issues related to pork carcass fat quality. The objective of this experiment was to understand how withdrawal from the diet of unsaturated dietary fat before slaughter impacts the composition of jowl fat during the growth cycle and at market. Fifty individually housed pigs (PIC 337 × C22/29; initial BW = 59.3 ± 0.55 kg) were allotted based on sex and initial BW to 10 treatments for an 82-d experiment as follows: 3 dietary fat withdrawal times before slaughter (21, 42, or 63 d) by 3 dietary fat unsaturation loads (DFUL), which includea high intake of unsaturated fatty acids supplied through an inclusion of 5% corn oil (HIGH), a high intake of a mixture of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids supplied through an inclusion of 5% animal-vegetable blend (MED), and a moderate intake of unsaturated fatty acids supplied through an inclusion of 2.5% corn oil (LOW). Pigs were weighed and jowl adipose samples were collected on d 0, 21, 42, and 63 and at harvest on d 82. Data were analyzed using PROC MIXED with treatment and sex as fixed effects. At market (d 82), increasing the withdrawal of dietary fat further away from market increased 18:1 (P = 0.045) and tended to increase 14:0 concentrations (P = 0.054). It also significantly decreased 18:2 (P < 0.001) and tended to decrease 18:3 concentrations (P = 0.081). A HIGH DFUL resulted in the greatest 18:2 concentrations in jowl fat followed by LOW; MED resulted in the lowest 18:2 levels (P < 0.001). Dietary fat withdrawal before market significantly reduced carcass iodine value (IV) measured at d 82 (P = 0.006). In conclusion, elevated 18:2 intake makes lowering carcass IV in the depot fat very difficult and may take as long as 61 d. The withdrawal of unsaturated dietary fat apparently altered the fat depot to be more reflective of fat synthesized de novo, resulting in a more saturated depot fat. Importantly, this alteration of deposited fat composition did not translate into improved belly firmness, depth, weight, or fat color.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames 50011.
authors.forename: T A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Kellner
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames 50011.
authors.forename: K J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Prusa
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames 50011 jfp@iastate.edu.
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Patience
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D001823:Body Composition / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D050218:Body Fat Distribution; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D004032:Diet / Q000662:veterinary*; D004042:Dietary Fats, Unsaturated / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D007455:Iodine / Q000032:analysis*; D008297:Male; D012737:Sex Factors; D013552:Swine / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology*; D013997:Time Factors; D028761:Withholding Treatment
chemical_list: D004042:Dietary Fats, Unsaturated; D005227:Fatty Acids; D007455:Iodine
keywords: carcass fat; dietary fat withdrawal; iodine value; linoleic acid; pigs