title: Important advances in technology and unique applications related to cardiac magnetic resonance imaging.
abstract: Cardiac magnetic resonance has become a well-established imaging modality and is considered the gold standard for myocardial tissue viability assessment and ventricular volumes quantification. Recent technological hardware and software advancements in magnetic resonance imaging technology have allowed the development of new methods that can improve clinical cardiovascular diagnosis and prognosis. The advent of a new generation of higher magnetic field scanners can be beneficial to various clinical applications. Also, the development of faster acquisition techniques have allowed mapping of the magnetic relaxation properties T1, T2, and T2* in the myocardium that can be used to quantify myocardial diffuse fibrosis, determine the presence of edema or inflammation, and measure iron within the myocardium, respectively. Another recent major advancement in CMR has been the introduction of three-dimension (3D) phase contrast imaging, also known as 4D flow. The following review discusses key advances in cardiac magnetic resonance technology and their potential to improve clinical cardiovascular diagnosis and outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Houston Methodist DeBakey Heart & Vascular Center, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas.
authors.forename: Mohamad G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Ghosn
authors.affiliation: Houston Methodist DeBakey Heart & Vascular Center, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas.
authors.forename: Dipan J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Shah
mesh_terms: D003326:Coronary Circulation; D004059:Diffusion of Innovation; D005355:Fibrosis; D006331:Heart Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006801:Humans; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted; D007501:Iron / Q000032:analysis; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods / Q000639:trends*; D055414:Myocardial Perfusion Imaging / Q000379:methods / Q000639:trends*; D009206:Myocardium / Q000737:chemistry / Q000473:pathology; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D012720:Severity of Illness Index
chemical_list: D007501:Iron
keywords: 4D flow; cardiac magnetic resonance imaging; parametric mapping; technological advancement