title: A phytotoxic active substance in the decomposing litter of the fern Gleichenia japonica.
abstract: The fern Gleichenia japonica often dominates plant communities by forming large monospecific stands throughout the temperate to tropical Asia. The objective of this study was the investigation of allelopathic property and substances of the decomposing litter of the fern to evaluate the possible involvement of its allelopathy in the domination. An aqueous methanol extract of G. japonica litter inhibited the growth of garden cress (Lepidium sativum), lettuce (Lactuca sativa), barnyard grass (Echinochloa crus-galli), and ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum). This result suggests that G. japonica litter contains growth inhibitory substances. The extract was purified by chromatography while monitoring the inhibitory activity, and a growth inhibitory substance was isolated. The chemical structure of the substance was determined by spectral data to be a novel compound, 13-O-β-fucopyranosyl-3β-hydroxymanool. This compound inhibited root and shoot growth of garden cress and barnyard grass at concentrations ranging from 89.7 to 271 μM for 50% inhibition. In addition, the compound had potent growth inhibitory activity with the soil taken from near the colony. The concentration of the compound in soil under a pure colony of G. japonica was 790 μM, suggesting that the compound may contribute to the establishment of monocultural stands by this fern.
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Miki, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan. Electronic address: hisashi@ag.kagawa-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Hisashi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kato-Noguchi
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Miki, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshihumi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan.
authors.forename: Osamu
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Ohno
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan.
authors.forename: Kiyotake
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Suenaga
mesh_terms: D029624:Ferns / Q000737:chemistry*; D000432:Methanol / Q000737:chemistry; D010936:Plant Extracts; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry*; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D018520:Plant Shoots / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D006109:Poaceae / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D058441:Rhizosphere; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry; D013237:Stereoisomerism; D014118:Toxins, Biological / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D010936:Plant Extracts; D012987:Soil; D014118:Toxins, Biological; D000432:Methanol
keywords: Allelopathy; Gleichenia japonica; Growth inhibitor; Monospecific colonies; Phytotoxity