title: Frailty Syndrome in cardiovascular disease: clinical significance and research tools.
abstract: Frailty Syndrome is one of the key health problems in geriatrics, strongly affecting poor prognosis. There is a growing interest in the relevance of this syndrome in cardiovascular disease. The diagnosis of Frailty Syndrome in the elderly cardiac population is essential for an accurate risk stratification and for making therapeutic decisions. Most risk assessment systems used in cardiology are based on chronological age, which does not always reflect the biological age of a patient, therefore making an inadequate risk estimation. This paper discusses the definitions of Frailty Syndrome and research tools used to identify it. We specifically address the role of Frailty Syndrome in cardiovascular disease and the diagnostic and therapeutic difficulties in patients with Frailty Syndrome, emphasizing the role of the identification of Frailty Syndrome in making therapeutic decisions and the stratification of cardiovascular risk in patients with cardiologic conditions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Nursing, Wroclaw Medical University, Poland izabella.uchmanowicz@umed.wroc.pl.
authors.forename: Izabella
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Uchmanowicz
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Nursing, Wroclaw Medical University, Poland.
authors.forename: Magdalena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lisiak
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, T Marciniak Memorial Hospital, Wroclaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Radosław
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wontor
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, T Marciniak Memorial Hospital, Wroclaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Łoboz-Rudnicka
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Nursing, Wroclaw Medical University, Poland.
authors.forename: Beata
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Jankowska-Polańska
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Nursing, Wroclaw Medical University, Poland Department of Cardiology, T Marciniak Memorial Hospital, Wroclaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Krystyna
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Łoboz-Grudzień
authors.affiliation: Department of Social and Welfare Studies, University of Linkoping, Sweden.
authors.forename: Tiny
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Jaarsma
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery; D016330:Frail Elderly; D015577:Geriatric Assessment; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D018570:Risk Assessment; D013577:Syndrome
keywords: Frailty Syndrome; cardiovascular disease; elderly; risk stratification