title: On the nature of the electromyographic signals recorded during vibration exercise.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Surface electromyography (EMG) has been widely used to measure neuromuscular activity during vibration exercise (VE) to investigate the underlying mechanisms elicited by VE. However, the EMG spectrum recorded during VE shows sharp peaks at the vibration frequency whose interpretation remains controversial. Some authors considered those peaks as a result of motion artifacts, while others interpreted them as due to vibration-induced neuromuscular activity. The aim of the present study is to clarify the nature of those sharp peaks observed during VE.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three independent EMG measurements were performed during VE: in vitro (IVT), in vivo at rest ([Formula: see text]), and in vivo during voluntary contraction ([Formula: see text]). The amplitudes of the EMG vibration frequency components ([Formula: see text]) were extracted for all measurements. The conduction velocity (CV) of the vibration frequency components and the full EMG spectrum were also estimated during voluntary contraction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Our spectrum analysis revealed small [Formula: see text] for IVT and [Formula: see text], accounting for only 3.3 and 7.6 % of that obtained from [Formula: see text]. Moreover, the CV estimation indicated the EMG vibration components to propagate along the muscle fiber with CV [Formula: see text] 6.5 m/s, comparable to the CV estimated using the full EMG spectrum (5.7 m/s).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We may therefore conclude that the sharp spectral peaks observed during VE are mainly due to vibration-induced muscle activity rather than motion artifacts.
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Den Dolech 2, 5612 AZ, Eindhoven, The Netherlands, l.xu@tue.nl.
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Chiara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rabotti
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mischi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004576:Electromyography; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009038:Motion; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000502:physiology; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology*; D012146:Rest / Q000502:physiology; D014732:Vibration; D055815:Young Adult