title: Yeast cell wall extract induces disease resistance against bacterial and fungal pathogens in Arabidopsis thaliana and Brassica crop.
abstract: Housaku Monogatari (HM) is a plant activator prepared from a yeast cell wall extract. We examined the efficacy of HM application and observed that HM treatment increased the resistance of Arabidopsis thaliana and Brassica rapa leaves to bacterial and fungal infections. HM reduced the severity of bacterial leaf spot and anthracnose on A. thaliana and Brassica crop leaves with protective effects. In addition, gene expression analysis of A. thaliana plants after treatment with HM indicated increased expression of several plant defense-related genes. HM treatment appears to induce early activation of jasmonate/ethylene and late activation of salicylic acid (SA) pathways. Analysis using signaling mutants revealed that HM required SA accumulation and SA signaling to facilitate resistance to the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. maculicola and the fungal pathogen Colletotrichum higginsianum. In addition, HM-induced resistance conferred chitin-independent disease resistance to bacterial pathogens in A. thaliana. These results suggest that HM contains multiple microbe-associated molecular patterns that activate defense responses in plants. These findings suggest that the application of HM is a useful tool that may facilitate new disease control methods.
authors.affiliation: Research Institute for Biological Sciences Okayama, Okayama, Japan.
authors.forename: Mari
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Narusaka
authors.affiliation: Research & Development Laboratories for Sustainable Value Creation, Asahi Group Holdings, Ltd., Ibaraki, Japan.
authors.forename: Taichi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Minami
authors.affiliation: Research & Development Laboratories for Sustainable Value Creation, Asahi Group Holdings, Ltd., Ibaraki, Japan.
authors.forename: Chikako
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Iwabuchi
authors.affiliation: Research & Development Laboratories for Sustainable Value Creation, Asahi Group Holdings, Ltd., Ibaraki, Japan.
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hamasaki
authors.affiliation: Research & Development Laboratories for Sustainable Value Creation, Asahi Group Holdings, Ltd., Ibaraki, Japan.
authors.forename: Satoko
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Takasaki
authors.affiliation: Research & Development Laboratories for Sustainable Value Creation, Asahi Group Holdings, Ltd., Ibaraki, Japan.
authors.forename: Kimito
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kawamura
authors.affiliation: Research Institute for Biological Sciences Okayama, Okayama, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshihiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Narusaka
mesh_terms: D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D001937:Brassica / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology; D002473:Cell Wall / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D002688:Chitinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020231:Colletotrichum / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D003517:Cyclopentanes / Q000378:metabolism; D060467:Disease Resistance / Q000235:genetics; D005030:Ethylenes / Q000378:metabolism; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant / Q000187:drug effects; D054883:Oxylipins / Q000378:metabolism; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000382:microbiology; D010937:Plant Growth Regulators / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology; D044224:Pseudomonas syringae / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D020156:Salicylic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D015003:Yeasts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D003517:Cyclopentanes; D005030:Ethylenes; D054883:Oxylipins; D010937:Plant Growth Regulators; C011006:jasmonic acid; C036216:ethylene; D002688:Chitinases; D020156:Salicylic Acid