title: Integration of programmable microfluidics and on-chip fluorescence detection for biosensing applications.
abstract: We describe the integration of an actively controlled programmable microfluidic sample processor with on-chip optical fluorescence detection to create a single, hybrid sensor system. An array of lifting gate microvalves (automaton) is fabricated with soft lithography, which is reconfigurably joined to a liquid-core, anti-resonant reflecting optical waveguide (ARROW) silicon chip fabricated with conventional microfabrication. In the automaton, various sample handling steps such as mixing, transporting, splitting, isolating, and storing are achieved rapidly and precisely to detect viral nucleic acid targets, while the optofluidic chip provides single particle detection sensitivity using integrated optics. Specifically, an assay for detection of viral nucleic acid targets is implemented. Labeled target nucleic acids are first captured and isolated on magnetic microbeads in the automaton, followed by optical detection of single beads on the ARROW chip. The combination of automated microfluidic sample preparation and highly sensitive optical detection opens possibilities for portable instruments for point-of-use analysis of minute, low concentration biological samples.
authors.affiliation: School of Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz , Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA.
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Parks
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Brigham Young University , Provo, Utah 84602, USA.
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Olson
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: School of Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz , Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ozcelik
authors.affiliation: School of Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz , Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.affiliation: Department of Virology and Immunology, Texas Biomedical Research Institute , 7620 NW Loop 410, San Antonio, Texas 78227, USA.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Carrion
authors.affiliation: Department of Virology and Immunology, Texas Biomedical Research Institute , 7620 NW Loop 410, San Antonio, Texas 78227, USA.
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Patterson
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley , Berkeley, California 94720, USA.
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Mathies
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Brigham Young University , Provo, Utah 84602, USA.
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Hawkins
authors.affiliation: School of Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz , Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Schmidt