title: Regulating exocytosis of nanoparticles via host-guest chemistry.
abstract: Prolonged retention of internalized nanoparticulate systems inside cells improves their efficacy in imaging, drug delivery, and theranostic applications. Especially, regulating exocytosis of the nanoparticles is a key factor in the fabrication of effective nanocarriers for chemotherapeutic treatments but orthogonal control of exocytosis in the cellular environment is a major challenge. Herein, we present the first example of regulating exocytosis of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), a model drug carrier, by using a simple host-guest supramolecular system. AuNPs featuring quaternary amine head groups were internalized into the cells through endocytosis. Subsequent in situ treatment of a complementary cucurbit[7]uril (CB[7]) to the amine head groups resulted in the AuNP-CB[7] complexation inside cells, rendering particle assembly. This complexation induced larger particle assemblies that remained sequestered in the endosomes, inhibiting exocytosis of the particles without any observed cytotoxicity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
authors.forename: Chaekyu
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
authors.forename: Gulen Yesilbag
authors.initials: GY
authors.lastname: Tonga
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
authors.forename: Chang Soo
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
authors.forename: Sung Tae
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
authors.forename: Myoung-Hwan
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
authors.forename: Zhengjiang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
authors.forename: Bradley
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Duncan
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Creran
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
authors.forename: Vincent M
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Rotello
mesh_terms: D000588:Amines / Q000737:chemistry; D001952:Bridged-Ring Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D004337:Drug Carriers / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism*; D011992:Endosomes / Q000378:metabolism; D005089:Exocytosis; D006046:Gold / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000737:chemistry; D061986:MCF-7 Cells; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D047028:Macrocyclic Compounds; D000099246:Cucurbit(n)urils
chemical_list: D000588:Amines; D001952:Bridged-Ring Compounds; D004337:Drug Carriers; D006046:Gold; D007093:Imidazoles; C456276:cucurbit(7)uril; D047028:Macrocyclic Compounds; D000099246:Cucurbit(n)urils