title: Pertinent plasma indicators of the ability of chickens to synthesize and store lipids.
abstract: Excessive deposition of body fat is detrimental to production efficiency. The aim of this study was to provide plasma indicators of chickens' ability to store fat. From 3 to 9 wk of age, chickens from 2 experimental lines exhibiting a 2.5-fold difference in abdominal fat content and fed experimental diets with contrasted feed energy sources were compared. The diets contained 80 vs. 20 g of lipids and 379 vs. 514 g of starch per kg of feed, respectively, but had the same ME and total protein contents. Cellulose was used to dilute energy in the high-fat diet. At 9 wk of age, the body composition was analyzed and blood samples were collected. A metabolome-wide approach based on proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy was associated with conventional measurements of plasma parameters. A metabolomics approach showed that betaine, glutamine, and histidine were the most discriminating metabolites between groups. Betaine, uric acid, triglycerides, and phospholipids were positively correlated (r > 0.3; P < 0.05) and glutamine, histidine, triiodothyronine, homocysteine, and β-hydroxybutyrate were negatively correlated (r < -0.3; P < 0.05) with relative weight of abdominal fat and/or fat situated at the top of external face of the thigh. The combination of plasma free fatty acids, total cholesterol, phospholipid, β-hydroxybutyrate, glutamine, and methionine levels accounted for 74% of the variability of the relative weight of abdominal fat. On the other hand, the combination of plasma triglyceride and homocysteine levels accounted for 37% of the variability of fat situated at the top of external face of the thigh. The variations in plasma levels of betaine, homocysteine, uric acid, glutamine, and histidine suggest the implication of methyl donors in the control of hepatic lipid synthesis and illustrate the interplay between AA, glucose, and lipid metabolisms in growing chickens.
authors.affiliation: INRA, UR83 Recherches Avicoles, F-37380 Nouzilly, France baeza@tours.inra.fr.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Baéza
authors.affiliation: INRA, UMR1348 Physiologie, Environnement et Génétique pour l'Animal et les Systèmes d'Elevage (PEGASE), F-35590 Saint-Gilles, France Agrocampus-Ouest, UMR 1348 PEGASE, F-35590 Saint-Gilles, France.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jégou
authors.affiliation: INRA, UMR1348 Physiologie, Environnement et Génétique pour l'Animal et les Systèmes d'Elevage (PEGASE), F-35590 Saint-Gilles, France Agrocampus-Ouest, UMR 1348 PEGASE, F-35590 Saint-Gilles, France.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gondret
authors.affiliation: Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, UMR CNRS 6230 CEISAM, BP 92208, 2 Rue de la Houssinière, F-44322 Nantes Cedex 3.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lalande-Martin
authors.affiliation: Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, UMR CNRS 6230 CEISAM, BP 92208, 2 Rue de la Houssinière, F-44322 Nantes Cedex 3.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Tea
authors.affiliation: INRA, UR83 Recherches Avicoles, F-37380 Nouzilly, France.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Le Bihan-Duval
authors.affiliation: INRA, UR83 Recherches Avicoles, F-37380 Nouzilly, France.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Berri
authors.affiliation: INRA, UR83 Recherches Avicoles, F-37380 Nouzilly, France.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Collin
authors.affiliation: INRA, UR83 Recherches Avicoles, F-37380 Nouzilly, France.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Métayer-Coustard
authors.affiliation: INRA, UMR1348 Physiologie, Environnement et Génétique pour l'Animal et les Systèmes d'Elevage (PEGASE), F-35590 Saint-Gilles, France Agrocampus-Ouest, UMR 1348 PEGASE, F-35590 Saint-Gilles, France.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Louveau
authors.affiliation: INRA, UMR1348 Physiologie, Environnement et Génétique pour l'Animal et les Systèmes d'Elevage (PEGASE), F-35590 Saint-Gilles, France Agrocampus-Ouest, UMR 1348 PEGASE, F-35590 Saint-Gilles, France.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lagarrigue
authors.affiliation: INRA, UR83 Recherches Avicoles, F-37380 Nouzilly, France.
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Duclos
mesh_terms: D020155:3-Hydroxybutyric Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D050153:Abdominal Fat / Q000378:metabolism; D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001622:Betaine / Q000097:blood; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood*; D001823:Body Composition / Q000502:physiology*; D001835:Body Weight; D002645:Chickens / Q000378:metabolism*; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D059305:Diet, High-Fat / Q000662:veterinary*; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified / Q000097:blood; D050356:Lipid Metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D008055:Lipids / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; D008055:Lipids; D014280:Triglycerides; D001622:Betaine; D002784:Cholesterol; D020155:3-Hydroxybutyric Acid
keywords: chicken; energy metabolism; fat deposition; lipids; plasma markers; starch