title: Cross-cultural adaptation of Preschool Language Assessment Instrument: Second Edition.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In Brazil, formal tools for the evaluation of spoken language are scarce. Therefore, this study aimed to translate and adapt to Brazilian Portuguese the Preschool Language Assessment Instrument: Second Edition (PLAI-2).
  
  
  METHODS
  The process of translation and adaptation of this instrument was conducted in two stages - Stage 1: (1a) translation of the original version to Brazilian Portuguese, (1b) comparison of the translated versions and synthesis into a single Portuguese version, (1c) back-translation, (1d) revision of the translated version; and Step 2: (2a) application of the Portuguese version in a pilot project with 30 subjects, and (2b) statistical comparison of three age groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the Brazilian version, all items of the original version were kept. However, it was necessary to modify the application order of one item, and the change of one picture was suggested in another. The results obtained after application indicated that the Brazilian version of the PLAI-2 allows us to distinguish the performance of participants belonging to different age groups, and that the raw score tends to increase with age.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Semantic and syntactic adjustments were required and made to ensure that PLAI-2 would be used with the same methodological rigor of the original instrument. The adaptation process observed the theoretical, semantic, and cultural equivalences.
authors.affiliation: Department of Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology, School of Philosophy and Sciences, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Marília, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Tâmara Andrade
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Lindau
authors.affiliation: Graduate Program in Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology, School of Philosophy and Sciences, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Marília, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Natalia Freitas
authors.initials: NF
authors.lastname: Rossi
authors.affiliation: Department of Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology, School of Philosophy and Sciences, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Marília, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Célia Maria
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Giacheti
mesh_terms: D001938:Brazil; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007802:Language; D008297:Male; D012660:Semantics; D013064:Speech Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis*; D013066:Speech-Language Pathology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014177:Translations