title: "Vasovagal" response during ventricular fibrillation: incidence and implications.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between changes in sinus node cycle length (SNCL) during ventricular fibrillation (VF) and the peripheral changes in blood pressure (BP) and sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) in human subjects. We hypothesized that patients with no SNCL shortening during VF have a vasovagal-like response with a greater decrease in BP and SNA when compared to patients with SNCL shortening.
  
  
  METHODS
  SNCL, BP, and SNA recordings were attempted in 24 patients undergoing the implantation of a dual-chamber implantable defibrillator. Changes were measured during the first 5 seconds of VF and compared with the 5 seconds prior to VF induction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  SNCL shortened during VF in nine patients (mean%∆SNCL = -12 ± 8%) and remained unchanged or lengthened in seven patients (mean%∆SNCL = 7 ± 7%). Eight patients had ventriculoatrial (VA) conduction prohibiting assessment of SNCL changes. In patients with SNCL shortening, the %∆MBP (mean BP) was -47 ± 6% compared to -58 ± 8% in patients with no SNCL shortening (P < 0.01). In patients with VA conduction, the %∆MBP was -54 ± 3%. SNA recordings were successfully obtained in four patients. When compared to baseline, SNA increased by 34 ± 30% in two patients with SNCL shortening, decreased by 25% in one patient with SNCL lengthening, and by 90% in the fourth patient with VA conduction.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We have shown that patients with no SNCL shortening have a significantly greater decrease in MBP during VF when compared to patients with SNCL shortening. The underlying mechanism appears to be reflex mediated with a vasovagal-like response in patients with no SNCL shortening.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, University of Utah Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah.
authors.forename: T Scott
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Wall
authors.forename: Stephen L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Wasmund
authors.forename: Roger A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Freedman
authors.forename: Nazem W
authors.initials: NW
authors.lastname: Akoum
authors.forename: Richard L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Page
authors.forename: Mohamed H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Hamdan
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology*; D017147:Defibrillators, Implantable; D004562:Electrocardiography; D005260:Female; D006329:Heart Conduction System / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012849:Sinoatrial Node / Q000503:physiopathology*; D014693:Ventricular Fibrillation / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000517:prevention & control*
keywords: blood pressure; sinoatrial node; tachycardia; ventricular fibrillation