title: Anesthesia and neuroimaging: investigating the neural correlates of unconsciousness.
abstract: In the past 15 years, rapid technological development in the field of neuroimaging has led to a resurgence of interest in the study of consciousness. However, the neural bases of consciousness and the boundaries of unconscious processing remain poorly understood. Anesthesia combined with functional neuroimaging presents a unique approach for studying neural responses as a function of consciousness. In this review we summarize findings from functional neuroimaging studies that have used anesthetic drugs to study cognition at different levels of conscious awareness. We relate the results to those of psychophysical studies of cognition and explore their potential usefulness in interpreting clinical findings from studies of non-responsive patients.
authors.affiliation: Undergraduate Medical Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Alex A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: MacDonald
authors.affiliation: Undergraduate Medical Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Lorina
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Naci
authors.affiliation: The Brain and Mind Institute, The Natural Sciences Centre, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Penny A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: MacDonald
authors.affiliation: The Brain and Mind Institute, The Natural Sciences Centre, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada. Electronic address: adrian.owen@uwo.ca.
authors.forename: Adrian M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Owen
mesh_terms: D000777:Anesthetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D003244:Consciousness Disorders / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D009434:Neural Pathways / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D059906:Neuroimaging; D014474:Unconsciousness / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000503:physiopathology*
chemical_list: D000777:Anesthetics
keywords: anesthesia; awareness; disorders of consciousness; unconscious processing