title: Specialist-led diabetes registries and predictors of poor glycemic control in type 2 diabetes: Insights into the functionally refractory patient from the LMC Diabetes Registry database.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of the present study was to explore features associated with glycemic control in type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients undergoing care by specialist clinics.
  
  
  METHODS
  Literature searches identified diabetes registries whose databases recorded outcomes of specialist care. The LMC Diabetes Registry database (n = 58 280; LMC) was queried to identify patients with T2D who had been seen in a defined 14-month period. Logistic regression modeling was used to identify predictors of glycemic control in these patients. Poor glycemic control was defined as HbA1c ≥9.0% (75 mmol/mol) despite specialist care for ≥1 year.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Few published registry-based studies have discussed glycemic control and outcomes of specialist care for T2D. Among 10 590 LMC patients with T2D, mean HbA1c was 7.6% (60 mmol/mol), with 38% of patients meeting the Canadian Diabetes Association target of ≤7.0% (53 mmol/mol). Overall, 15% showed poor glycemic control with persistent HbA1c ≥9.0% (75 mmol/mol); among insulin-treated patients (n = 3856), 28% met this criterion. Patient characteristics independently associated with poor glycemic control included early age of onset, the number of diabetes education program visits, the number of oral therapies, and insulin use.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Type 2 diabetes patients with poor glycemic control are found disproportionately in referral specialist care clinics. These functionally refractory patients demonstrate features that may assist in predicting their potential outcome, and may represent a group with specific barriers to care. Specialist patient registries, such as the LMC Diabetes Registry, may provide critical information regarding this cohort.
authors.affiliation: LMC Diabetes & Endocrinology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Ronnie
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Aronson
authors.affiliation: LMC Diabetes & Endocrinology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Naomi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Orzech
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Chenglin
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.affiliation: LMC Diabetes & Endocrinology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Ronald
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Goldenberg
authors.affiliation: Department of Family & Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Vivien
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Brown
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood* / Q000188:drug therapy; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism*; D038321:Glycemic Index; D006801:Humans; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology; D007003:Hypoglycemia / Q000097:blood* / Q000209:etiology; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000960:Hypolipidemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011320:Primary Health Care; D012042:Registries; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D000960:Hypolipidemic Agents; C517652:hemoglobin A1c protein, human
keywords: database; diabetes; refractory; registry; specialist; 专科医生; 数据库; 登记表; 糖尿病; 难治性