title: The Response to Burn Injury in Mice With Human Hematolymphoid Systems.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To develop an animal model of injury that more closely represents the human inflammatory cell response to injury.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Because the mouse inflammatory response to burn injury cannot account for the contribution of human-specific genes, animal models are needed to more closely recapitulate the human inflammatory response and improve the translational impact of injury research. To this end, we hypothesized that the human inflammatory cell response to injury could be selectively assessed after severe burn injury using humanized mice.
  
  
  METHODS
  NOD-Scid-IL2Rγ null mice were transplanted with human hematopoietic CD34+ progenitor cells; their engraftment confirmed and then subjected to 30% total body surface area steam burn injury. Blood, bone marrow, and lung tissue were collected 4 hours after injury and human inflammatory cell mobilization analyzed using flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Burn injury caused mobilization of human inflammatory cells into the systemic circulation. Next, burn injury was accompanied by evidence of histologic lung injury and concomitant mobilization of human CD45+ immune cells into the lung that were associated with increased trafficking of human CD11b+ myeloid cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These experiments are the first to demonstrate the suitability of humanized mice for injury research. They offer the possibility to address very specific research questions that are not amenable to traditional mouse models of injury, for example, the emerging role of certain human-specific genes that are either unrepresented or totally absent, from the mouse genome.
authors.affiliation: *Division of Trauma, Surgical Critical Care, Burns and Acute Care Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego Health Sciences, San Diego, CA †Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA.
authors.forename: Todd W
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Costantini
authors.forename: Morgan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Meads
authors.forename: Xitong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Dang
authors.forename: Raul
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Coimbra
authors.forename: Bruce E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Torbett
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Baird
authors.forename: Brian P
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Eliceiri
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002056:Burns / Q000276:immunology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D018380:Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice