title: An assessment of Salmonella survival in pig manure and its separated solid and liquid fractions during storage.
abstract: The objective of this study was to examine Salmonella survival in pig manure and its separated fractions during storage. Salmonella declined, but significant reductions were not observed in the manure and liquid until day 56, whereas counts in the solids were lower by day 7. The Salmonella inoculum initially impacted counts but not after days 28-56. By day 112 Salmonella was undetectable in the manure and liquid but was recovered from the solids. There was no clear dominance of particular serotypes and antibiotic resistance transfer was not found. Storage duration and pH impacted Salmonella counts in all samples, with duration having the greatest effect. Of the nutrients, nitrate had the greatest impact in the manure and, together with phosphate, it also affected counts in the liquid fraction. This study demonstrates that if pig manure or its separated fractions are stored under controlled conditions at 10.5°C for 84-112 days Salmonella is reduced or eliminated, irrespective of the initial load.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Science , Waterford Institute of Technology , Waterford, Ireland.
authors.forename: Gemma
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: McCarthy
authors.forename: Peadar G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Lawlor
authors.forename: Montserrat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gutierrez
authors.forename: Laurie
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: O'Sullivan
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Murphy
authors.forename: Xinmin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhan
authors.forename: Gillian E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Gardiner
mesh_terms: D000383:Agriculture / Q000379:methods; D000818:Animals; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D008372:Manure / Q000382:microbiology*; D012037:Refuse Disposal; D012475:Salmonella / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D012988:Soil Microbiology; D013552:Swine / Q000382:microbiology*; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D008372:Manure
keywords: Manure separation; antimicrobial resistance; inoculum