title: Drug-eluting versus plain balloon angioplasty for the treatment of failing dialysis access: final results and cost-effectiveness analysis from a prospective randomized controlled trial (NCT01174472).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report the final results and cost-effectiveness analysis of a prospective randomized controlled trial investigating drug-eluting balloon (DEB) versus plain balloon angioplasty (BA) for the treatment of failing dialysis access (NCT01174472).
  
  
  METHODS
  40 patients were randomized to angioplasty with either DEB (n=20) or BA (n=20) for treatment of significant venous stenosis causing a failing dialysis access. Both arteriovenous fistulas (AVF) and synthetic arteriovenous grafts (AVG) were included. Angiographic follow up was scheduled every two months. Primary endpoints were technical success and target lesion primary patency at 1 year. Cumulative and survival analysis was performed. Incremental net benefit (INB) and incremental cost effectiveness ratio (ICER) were calculated and the cost-effectiveness acceptability curve (CEAC) was drawn.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Baseline variables were equally distributed between the two groups. At 1 year, cumulative target lesion primary patency was significantly higher after DEB application (35% vs. 5% after BA, p<0.001). Overall, median primary patency was 0.64 years in case of DEB vs. 0.36 years in case of BA (p=0.0007; unadjusted HR=0.27 [95%CI: 0.13-0.58]; Cox adjusted HR=0.23 [95%CI: 0.10-0.50]). ICER was 2198 Euros (€) per primary patency year of dialysis access gained. INB was 1068€ (95%CI: 31-2105€) for a willingness-to-pay (WTP) threshold of 5000€ (corresponding acceptability probability >97%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  DEB angioplasty may be a cost-effective option that significantly improves patency after angioplasty of venous stenoses of failing vascular dialysis access. Further large-scale randomized trials are warranted.
authors.affiliation: Department of Interventional Radiology, Patras University Hospital, School of Medicine, Rion 26504, Greece. Electronic address: panoskitrou@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Panagiotis M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Kitrou
authors.affiliation: Department of Interventional Radiology, Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospitals, NHS Foundation Trust, King's Health Partners, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Konstantinos
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Katsanos
authors.affiliation: Department of Interventional Radiology, Patras University Hospital, School of Medicine, Rion 26504, Greece.
authors.forename: Stavros
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Spiliopoulos
authors.affiliation: Department of Interventional Radiology, Patras University Hospital, School of Medicine, Rion 26504, Greece.
authors.forename: Dimitris
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Karnabatidis
authors.affiliation: Department of Interventional Radiology, Patras University Hospital, School of Medicine, Rion 26504, Greece.
authors.forename: Dimitris
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Siablis
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000800:Angioplasty, Balloon / Q000379:methods*; D001166:Arteriovenous Shunt, Surgical / Q000379:methods*; D003251:Constriction, Pathologic; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017239:Paclitaxel / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D006435:Renal Dialysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D050257:Tubulin Modulators / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D050257:Tubulin Modulators; D017239:Paclitaxel
keywords: Dialysis; Drug-eluting balloons; Neointimal hyperplasia; Restenosis