title: Nanogrooved surface-patterns induce cellular organization and axonal outgrowth in neuron-like PC12-cells.
abstract: Modulation of a materials surface topography can be used to steer various aspects of adherent cell behaviour, such as cell directional organization. Especially nanometric sized topographies, featuring sizes similar to for instance the axons of the spiral ganglion cells, are interesting for such purpose. Here, we utilized nanosized grooves in the range of 75-500 nm, depth of 30-150 nm, and pitches between 150 nm and 1000 nm for cell culture of neuron-like PC12 cells. The organizational behaviour was evaluated after 7 days of culture by bright field and scanning electron microscopy. Nanotopographies were shown to induce aligned cell-body/axon orientation and an increased axonal outgrowth. Our findings suggest that a threshold for cell body alignment of neuronal cells exists on grooved topographies with a groove width of 130 nm, depth of 70 nm and pitch of 300 nm, while axon alignment can already be induced by grooves with 135 nm width, 52 nm depth and 200 nm pitch. However, no threshold has been found for axonal outgrowth, as all of the used patterns increased outgrowth of PC12-axons. In conclusion, surface nanopatterns have the potential to be utilized as an electrode modification for a stronger separation of cells, and can be used to direct cells towards the electrode contacts of cochlear implants.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomaterials, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Alexey
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Klymov
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomaterials, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Charlotte T
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Rodrigues Neves
authors.affiliation: Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Joost
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: te Riet
authors.affiliation: Department of Biophysics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Martijn J H
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Agterberg
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Emmanuel A M
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Mylanus
authors.affiliation: Department of Biophysics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Ad F M
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Snik
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomaterials, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: John A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Jansen
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomaterials, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. Electronic address: Frank.Walboomers@radboudumc.nl.
authors.forename: X Frank
authors.initials: XF
authors.lastname: Walboomers
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001369:Axons / Q000502:physiology / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000502:physiology; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000502:physiology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003054:Cochlear Implants; D004566:Electrodes; D018625:Microscopy, Atomic Force; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D023421:Models, Animal; D049329:Nanostructures / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D009474:Neurons / Q000166:cytology* / Q000502:physiology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D016716:PC12 Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000502:physiology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D011137:Polystyrenes; D051381:Rats
chemical_list: D011137:Polystyrenes