title: Proteomic analysis of changes in the Kandelia candel chloroplast proteins reveals pathways associated with salt tolerance.
abstract: The plant chloroplast is one of the most sensitive organelles in response to salt stress. Chloroplast proteins extracted from seedling leaves were separated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE). More than 600 protein spots could be distinguished on each gel. Fifty-eight differentially expressed protein spots were detected, of which 46 could be identified through matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight/time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/TOF-MS). These proteins were found to be involved in multiple aspects of chloroplast metabolism pathways such as photosynthesis, ATP synthesis, detoxification and antioxidation processes, nitrogen assimilation and fixation, protein metabolism, and tetrapyrrole biosynthesis. The results indicated that K. candel could withstand up to 500 mM NaCl stress for a measured period of 3 days, by maintaining normal or high photosynthetic electron transfer efficiency and an only slightly stimulated Calvin cycle. Meanwhile, we found that ROS scavenging, nitrogen assimilation, protein degradation and chaperone function in chloroplasts were also of importance for salt tolerance of K. candel. The ultrastructural and physiological data agree with chloroplast proteome results. These findings allow further exploration of our knowledge on salt adaptation in woody halophytes and may contribute to the development of more salt-tolerant plants in the future.
authors.affiliation: School of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, PR China.
authors.forename: Lingxia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: School of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, PR China.
authors.forename: Dezhuo
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.affiliation: School of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, PR China.
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Fujian Academy of Forestry, Fuzhou 350012, PR China.
authors.forename: Fanglin
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.affiliation: The Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
authors.forename: Susanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hoffmann-Benning
authors.affiliation: School of Life Sciences, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750000, PR China.
authors.forename: Wenyu
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.affiliation: School of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, PR China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular and Cell Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, PR China; Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Corps, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, PR China. Electronic address: weichen@fafu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D060365:Chloroplast Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant / Q000187:drug effects; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D040901:Proteomics; D043982:Rhizophoraceae / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D055049:Salt Tolerance / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000494:pharmacology; D019032:Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization
chemical_list: D060365:Chloroplast Proteins; D010940:Plant Proteins; D012965:Sodium Chloride
keywords: Antioxidation; Chloroplast proteome; Kandelia candel; Nitrogen assimilation; Photosynthesis; Salt stress