title: Microstructure, mechanical properties, castability and in vitro biocompatibility of Ti-Bi alloys developed for dental applications.
abstract: In this study, the microstructure, mechanical properties, castability, electrochemical behaviors, cytotoxicity and hemocompatibility of Ti-Bi alloys with pure Ti as control were systematically investigated to assess their potential applications in the dental field. The experimental results showed that, except for the Ti-20Bi alloy, the microstructure of all other Ti-Bi alloys exhibit single α-Ti phase, while Ti-20Bi alloy is consisted of mainly α-Ti phase and a small amount of BiTi2 and BiTi3 phases. The tensile strength, hardness and wear resistance of Ti-Bi alloys were demonstrated to be improved monotonically with the increase of Bi content. The castability test showed that Ti-2Bi alloy increased the castability of pure Ti by 11.7%. The studied Ti-Bi alloys showed better corrosion resistance than pure Ti in both AS (artificial saliva) and ASFL (AS containing 0.2% NaF and 0.3% lactic acid) solutions. The concentrations of both Ti ion and Bi ion released from Ti-Bi alloys are extremely low in AS, ASF (AS containing 0.2% NaF) and ASL (AS containing 0.3% lactic acid) solutions. However, in ASFL solution, a large number of Ti and Bi ions are released. In addition, Ti-Bi alloys produced no significant deleterious effect to L929 cells and MG63 cells, similar to pure Ti, indicating a good in vitro biocompatibility. Besides, both L929 and MG63 cells perform excellent cell adhesion ability on Ti-Bi alloys. The hemolysis test exhibited that Ti-Bi alloys have an ultra-low hemolysis percentage below 1% and are considered nonhemolytic. To sum up, the Ti-2Bi alloy exhibits the optimal comprehensive performance and has great potential for dental applications.
authors.affiliation: Center for Biomedical Materials and Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China.
authors.forename: K J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Qiu
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Center for Biomedical Materials and Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China.
authors.forename: F Y
authors.initials: FY
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Center for Biomedical Materials and Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China.
authors.forename: B L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Center for Biomedical Materials and Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Center for Biomedical Materials and Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China. Electronic address: yfzheng@pku.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Y F
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.affiliation: General Dental Department, School of Stomatology, Peking University, Beijing 100081, China.
authors.forename: Y H
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001729:Bismuth / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001792:Blood Platelets / Q000187:drug effects / Q000648:ultrastructure; D016923:Cell Death / Q000187:drug effects; D048430:Cell Shape / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D003343:Corrosion; D003722:Dental Alloys / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003813:Dentistry / Q000379:methods*; D055664:Electrochemical Techniques; D006244:Hardness; D006461:Hemolysis / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007477:Ions; D008422:Materials Testing; D055595:Mechanical Phenomena; D051379:Mice; D010973:Platelet Adhesiveness / Q000187:drug effects; D012996:Solutions; D013718:Tensile Strength / Q000187:drug effects; D014025:Titanium / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D003722:Dental Alloys; D007477:Ions; D012996:Solutions; D014025:Titanium; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase; D001729:Bismuth
keywords: Biocompatibility; Castability; Corrosion resistance; Mechanical properties; Ti–Bi alloys