title: Fecal microbiota transplantation broadening its application beyond intestinal disorders.
abstract: Intestinal dysbiosis is now known to be a complication in a myriad of diseases. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), as a microbiota-target therapy, is arguably very effective for curing Clostridium difficile infection and has good outcomes in other intestinal diseases. New insights have raised an interest in FMT for the management of extra-intestinal disorders associated with gut microbiota. This review shows that it is an exciting time in the burgeoning science of FMT application in previously unexpected areas, including metabolic diseases, neuropsychiatric disorders, autoimmune diseases, allergic disorders, and tumors. A randomized controlled trial was conducted on FMT in metabolic syndrome by infusing microbiota from lean donors or from self-collected feces, with the resultant findings showing that the lean donor feces group displayed increased insulin sensitivity, along with increased levels of butyrate-producing intestinal microbiota. Case reports of FMT have also shown favorable outcomes in Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, myoclonus dystonia, chronic fatigue syndrome, and idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. FMT is a promising approach in the manipulation of the intestinal microbiota and has potential applications in a variety of extra-intestinal conditions associated with intestinal dysbiosis.
authors.affiliation: Meng-Que Xu, Hai-Long Cao, Wei-Qiang Wang, Shan Wang, Xiao-Cang Cao, Fang Yan, Bang-Mao Wang, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300052, China.
authors.forename: Meng-Que
authors.initials: MQ
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Meng-Que Xu, Hai-Long Cao, Wei-Qiang Wang, Shan Wang, Xiao-Cang Cao, Fang Yan, Bang-Mao Wang, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300052, China.
authors.forename: Hai-Long
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.affiliation: Meng-Que Xu, Hai-Long Cao, Wei-Qiang Wang, Shan Wang, Xiao-Cang Cao, Fang Yan, Bang-Mao Wang, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300052, China.
authors.forename: Wei-Qiang
authors.initials: WQ
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Meng-Que Xu, Hai-Long Cao, Wei-Qiang Wang, Shan Wang, Xiao-Cang Cao, Fang Yan, Bang-Mao Wang, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300052, China.
authors.forename: Shan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Meng-Que Xu, Hai-Long Cao, Wei-Qiang Wang, Shan Wang, Xiao-Cang Cao, Fang Yan, Bang-Mao Wang, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300052, China.
authors.forename: Xiao-Cang
authors.initials: XC
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.affiliation: Meng-Que Xu, Hai-Long Cao, Wei-Qiang Wang, Shan Wang, Xiao-Cang Cao, Fang Yan, Bang-Mao Wang, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300052, China.
authors.forename: Fang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.affiliation: Meng-Que Xu, Hai-Long Cao, Wei-Qiang Wang, Shan Wang, Xiao-Cang Cao, Fang Yan, Bang-Mao Wang, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300052, China.
authors.forename: Bang-Mao
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001691:Biological Therapy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D064806:Dysbiosis / Q000382:microbiology; D005243:Feces / Q000382:microbiology*; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions; D006801:Humans; D007410:Intestinal Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000382:microbiology / Q000628:therapy*; D007422:Intestines / Q000382:microbiology*; D064307:Microbiota; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: Dysbiosis; Extra-intestinal disorders; Fecal microbiota transplantation; Intestinal microbiota; Therapy