title: Variation in healthcare services for specialist genetic testing and implications for planning genetic services: the example of inherited retinal dystrophy in the English NHS.
abstract: This study aims to identify and quantify the extent of current variation in service provision of a genetic testing service for dominant and X-linked retinal dystrophies in the English National Health Service (NHS). National audit data (all test requests and results (n = 1839) issued between 2003 and 2011) and survey of English regional genetic testing services were used. Age- and gender-adjusted standardised testing rates were calculated using indirect standardisation, and survey responses were transcribed verbatim and data collated and summarised. The cumulative incidence rate of testing in England was 4.5 per 100,000 population for males and 2.6 per 100,000 population for females. The standardised testing rate (STR) varied widely between regions of England, being particularly low in the North-east (STR 0.485), with half as many tests as expected based on the size and demographic distribution of the population and high in the South-east (STR 1.355), with 36 % more tests than expected. Substantial and significantly different rates of testing were found between regional populations. Specific policy mechanisms to promote, monitor and evaluate the regional distribution of access to genetic and genomic testing are required. However, commissioners will require information on the scope and role of genetic services and the population at risk of the conditions for which patients are tested.
authors.affiliation: Manchester Centre for Health Economics, Institute of Population Health, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, MAHSC, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Harrison
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Birch
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Eden
authors.forename: Simon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ramsden
authors.forename: Tracey
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Farragher
authors.forename: Katherine
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Payne
authors.forename: Georgina
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hall
authors.forename: Graeme Cm
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Black