title: Biologically inspired dynamic material systems.
abstract: Numerous examples of material systems that dynamically interact with and adapt to the surrounding environment are found in nature, from hair-based mechanoreceptors in animals to self-shaping seed dispersal units in plants to remodeling bone in vertebrates. Inspired by such fascinating biological structures, a wide range of synthetic material systems have been created to replicate the design concepts of dynamic natural architectures. Examples of biological structures and their man-made counterparts are herein revisited to illustrate how dynamic and adaptive responses emerge from the intimate microscale combination of building blocks with intrinsic nanoscale properties. By using top-down photolithographic methods and bottom-up assembly approaches, biologically inspired dynamic material systems have been created 1) to sense liquid flow with hair-inspired microelectromechanical systems, 2) to autonomously change shape by utilizing plantlike heterogeneous architectures, 3) to homeostatically influence the surrounding environment through self-regulating adaptive surfaces, and 4) to spatially concentrate chemical species by using synthetic microcompartments. The ever-increasing complexity and remarkable functionalities of such synthetic systems offer an encouraging perspective to the rich set of dynamic and adaptive properties that can potentially be implemented in future man-made material systems.
authors.affiliation: Complex Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich (Switzerland).
authors.forename: André R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Studart
mesh_terms: D040761:Biomimetic Materials / Q000737:chemistry*; D049329:Nanostructures / Q000737:chemistry*
keywords: bio-inspired materials; dynamic material systems; materials science; organic-inorganic hybrid composites; responsive materials