title: Whey protein/polysaccharide-stabilized oil powders for topical application-release and transdermal delivery of salicylic acid from oil powders compared to redispersed powders.
abstract: Oil-in-water (o/w) emulsions are commonly converted into solid-like powders in order to improve their physical and chemical stabilities. The aim of this study was to investigate whether whey protein/polysaccharide-stabilized o/w emulsions could be converted into stable oil powders by means of freeze-drying. Moreover, during this study, the effects of pH and polymer type on release and trans(dermal) delivery of salicylic acid, a model drug, from these oil powders were investigated and compared to those of the respective template emulsions and redispersed oil powders. Physical characterization of the various formulations was performed, such as droplet size analysis and oil leakage, and relationships drawn with regards to release and trans(dermal) delivery. The experimental outcomes revealed that the oil powders could be redispersed in water without changing the release characteristics of salicylic acid. pH and polymer type affected the release of salicylic acid from the oil powders, template emulsions, and redispersed powders similarly. Contrary, the transdermal delivery from the oil powders and from their respective redispersed oil powders was differently affected by pH and polymer type. It was hypothesized that the release had been influenced by the electrostatic interactions between salicylic acid and emulsifiers, whereas the transdermal performance could have been determined by the particle or aggregate sizes of the formulations.
authors.affiliation: Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa.
authors.forename: Magdalena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kotzé
authors.forename: Anja
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Otto
authors.forename: Anine
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jordaan
authors.forename: Jeanetta
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: du Plessis
mesh_terms: D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D004655:Emulsions; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D009821:Oils / Q000737:chemistry*; D010316:Particle Size; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000737:chemistry*; D011208:Powders; D020156:Salicylic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D013056:Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; D000067816:Whey Proteins / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D004655:Emulsions; D009821:Oils; D011134:Polysaccharides; D011208:Powders; D000067816:Whey Proteins; D020156:Salicylic Acid