title: A flowering integrator, SOC1, affects stomatal opening in Arabidopsis thaliana.
abstract: Stomatal movements are regulated by multiple environmental signals. Recent investigations indicate that photoperiodic flowering components, such as CRY, GI, CO, FT and TSF, are expressed in guard cells and positively affect stomatal opening in Arabidopsis thaliana. Here we show that SOC1, which encodes a MADS box transcription factor and integrates multiple flowering signals, also exerts a positive effect on stomatal opening. FLC encodes a potent repressor of FT and SOC1, and FRI acts as an activator of FLC. Thus, we examined stomatal phenotypes in FRI-Col, which contains an active FRI allele of accession Sf-2 by introgression. We found higher expression of FLC and lower expression of FT, SOC1 and TSF in guard cells from FRI-Col than in those from Col. Light-induced stomatal opening was significantly suppressed in FRI-Col. Interestingly, vernalization of FRI-Col partially restored light-induced stomatal opening, concomitant with a decrease of FLC and increase of FT, SOC1 and TSF. Furthermore, we observed the constitutive open-stomata phenotype in transgenic plants overexpressing SOC1-GFP (green fluorescent protein) in guard cells (SOC1-GFP overexpressor), and found that light-induced stomatal opening was significantly suppressed in a soc1 knockout mutant. RNA sequencing using epidermis from the SOC1-GFP overexpressor revealed that the expression levels of several genes involved in stomatal opening, such as BLUS1 and the plasma membrane H(+)-ATPases, were higher than those in background plants. From these results, we conclude that SOC1 is involved in the regulation of stomatal opening via transcriptional regulation in guard cells.
authors.affiliation: Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602 Japan.
authors.forename: Yuriko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kimura
authors.affiliation: Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602 Japan.
authors.forename: Saya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Aoki
authors.affiliation: Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602 Japan.
authors.forename: Eigo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ando
authors.affiliation: Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602 Japan.
authors.forename: Ayaka
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kitatsuji
authors.affiliation: Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602 Japan.
authors.forename: Aiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.affiliation: Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602 Japan.
authors.forename: Masato
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ohnishi
authors.affiliation: Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602 Japan.
authors.forename: Koji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.affiliation: Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602 Japan.
authors.forename: Shin-ichiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.affiliation: Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602 Japan Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602 Japan Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0022 Japan.
authors.forename: Norihito
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nakamichi
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8585 Japan School of Life Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8585 Japan.
authors.forename: Yosuke
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tamada
authors.affiliation: Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602 Japan Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602 Japan kinoshitag@bio.nagoya-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Toshinori
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kinoshita
mesh_terms: D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D003080:Cold Temperature; D035264:Flowers / Q000378:metabolism*; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D055786:Gene Knockout Techniques; D017343:Genes, Plant; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D008027:Light; D026161:MADS Domain Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics; D010641:Phenotype; D054046:Plant Stomata / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology* / Q000528:radiation effects; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000528:radiation effects
chemical_list: C419046:AGL20 protein, Arabidopsis; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D026161:MADS Domain Proteins; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins
keywords: Arabidopsis thaliana; FRI; FT; Plasma membrane H+-ATPase; SOC1; Stomata