title: The neural correlates of specific executive dysfunctions in Parkinson's disease.
abstract: Several functional neuroimaging studies in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) have suggested that changes in the fronto-parietal-striatal networks are associated with deficits in executive functioning. However, executive functions (EF) are multifaceted and include three dissociable components: working memory, response inhibition, and task-switching. This study investigated which component of executive functioning is most strongly associated with fronto-parietal-striatal efficiency in PD. PD patients (with and without executive dysfunction), and age-matched healthy subjects, completed a battery of cognitive tests previously shown to discriminate among the three EF components. Principal component analysis conducted on the selected cognitive test variables yielded three expected EF components. The component scores were used in regression analysis to assess the relationship between the EF efficiency and blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) signal related to performing the n-back, an experimental task that draws upon multiple components of executive functioning: working memory, response inhibition, and task-switching. We found distinct neural correlates of specific executive dysfunctions in patients with PD. However, all of them seem to be associated with fronto-parietal-striatal efficiency.
authors.affiliation: Second Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Warsaw, Poland; i.szatkowska@nencki.gov.pl.
authors.forename: Ludwika
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gawrys
authors.forename: Marcel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Falkiewicz
authors.forename: Artur
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pilacinski
authors.forename: Monika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Riegel
authors.forename: Ewa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Piatkowska-Janko
authors.forename: Piotr
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bogorodzki
authors.forename: Tomasz
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wolak
authors.forename: Renata
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Andrysiak
authors.forename: Leszek
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Krolicki
authors.forename: Radosław
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kulinski
authors.forename: Dariusz
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Koziorowski
authors.forename: Piotr
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Janik
authors.forename: Krystyna
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Rymarczyk
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Grabowska
authors.forename: Leszek
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kaczmarek
authors.forename: Iwona
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Szatkowska
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001921:Brain / Q000098:blood supply / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001931:Brain Mapping; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology*; D056344:Executive Function / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008570:Memory, Short-Term / Q000502:physiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000150:complications*; D025341:Principal Component Analysis
chemical_list: D010100:Oxygen