title: Humic acid and glucan: protection against liver injury induced by carbon tetrachloride.
abstract: Humic acids (HAs) have a rather pleiotropic presence, however, their biological effects are still unclear. In this study, we focused on possible hepatoprotective effects of either HA alone or in combination with β-glucan. Using a model of experimental hepatotoxicity caused by carbon tetrachloride (CCL4), we showed that both HA and the glucan-HA combination offered significant protection against hepatotoxicity, with the combination offering superior effects. Our biochemical observations were confirmed by histological evaluation. Based on the experimental data, we conclude that whereas HA has significant effects, the synergy with glucan offers superior effects.
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Pathology, University of Louisville , Louisville, Kentucky, USA .
authors.forename: Vaclav
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Vetvicka
authors.forename: Jose M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Garcia-Mina
authors.forename: Mary
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Proctor
authors.forename: Jean-Claude
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Yvin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases / Q000378:metabolism; D028241:Camellia sinensis / Q000737:chemistry*; D002251:Carbon Tetrachloride / Q000009:adverse effects; D056486:Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000201:enzymology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006812:Humic Substances / Q000032:analysis*; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D020011:Protective Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000737:chemistry*; D047071:beta-Glucans / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D006812:Humic Substances; D010936:Plant Extracts; D020011:Protective Agents; D047071:beta-Glucans; D002251:Carbon Tetrachloride; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases
keywords: CCL4; glucan; hepatotoxicity; humic acids; liver