title: Travel risk assessment, advice and vaccinations in immunocompromised travellers (HIV, solid organ transplant and haematopoeitic stem cell transplant recipients): A review.
abstract: International travellers with immunocompromising conditions such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, solid organ transplantation (SOT) and haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) are at a significant risk of travel-related illnesses from both communicable and non-communicable diseases, depending on the intensity of underlying immune dysfunction, travel destinations and activities. In addition, the choice of travel vaccinations, timing and protective antibody responses are also highly dependent on the underlying conditions and thus pose significant challenges to the health-care providers who are involved in pre-travel risk assessment. This review article provides a framework of understanding and approach to aforementioned groups of immunocompromised travellers regarding pre-travel risk assessment and management; in particular travel vaccinations, infectious and non-infectious disease risks and provision of condition-specific advice; to reduce travel-related mortality and morbidity.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Medicine, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Infectious Diseases, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. Electronic address: A.Aung@alfred.org.au.
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Aung
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Microbiology, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Trubiano
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Microbiology, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: D W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Spelman
mesh_terms: D003140:Communicable Disease Control; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000276:immunology; D018380:Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation; D006412:Hematopoietic Stem Cells; D006801:Humans; D016867:Immunocompromised Host; D016377:Organ Transplantation; D065129:Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis; D018570:Risk Assessment; D066027:Transplant Recipients; D014195:Travel; D014611:Vaccination
keywords: Haematopoietic stem cell transplant; Human immunodeficiency virus; Infections; Risk management; Solid organ transplant