title: In search of innovative therapeutics for neuropsychiatric disorders: the case of neurodegenerative diseases.
abstract: The recent medical literature highlights the lack of new drugs able to prevent or treat neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer disease or Parkinson disease. Yet, the prevalence of these diseases is growing, related to increasing life expectancy, and is leading to a rise in their economic and social cost. At the same time, pharmaceutical companies are reducing or halting their investment in neuropharmacological research. Why have advances in basic neuroscience and our understanding of these diseases not allowed innovative discoveries in drug research? This review will try to explain this failure and suggest possible solutions: develop basic and clinical research but with the emphasis on translational and truly collaborative research; improve preclinical studies by developing more appropriate animal models, using new biomarkers and methodologies such as imaging suitable for clinical trials, providing worthwhile information on the ability of the drug to reach its intended target and induce significant pharmacological changes; build a new system of research management, based on stronger interdisciplinary relations between preclinical and clinical research and including the introduction of international precompetitive research between academic teams, start-up companies and pharmaceutical laboratories; hold early discussions with the regulatory authorities during preclinical studies and at the beginning of clinical trials in order to validate the methodological approaches; involve patients' associations in this new organization of research. These changes should help to ensure the discovery of effective treatments for these pathologies.
authors.affiliation: Inserm, U 1127, 75013 Paris, France; CNRS, UMR 7225, 75013 Paris, France; Sorbonne universités, UPMC univiersité Paris 06, UMR S 1127, 75013 Paris, France; Institut du cerveau et de la moelle épinière (ICM), thérapeutique expérimentale de la maladie de Parkinson, hôpital de la Salpêtrière, 47, boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75651 Paris cedex 13, France. Electronic address: j.feger@orange.fr.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Féger
authors.affiliation: Inserm, U 1127, 75013 Paris, France; CNRS, UMR 7225, 75013 Paris, France; Sorbonne universités, UPMC univiersité Paris 06, UMR S 1127, 75013 Paris, France; Institut du cerveau et de la moelle épinière (ICM), thérapeutique expérimentale de la maladie de Parkinson, hôpital de la Salpêtrière, 47, boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75651 Paris cedex 13, France. Electronic address: etienne.hirsch@upmc.fr.
authors.forename: E C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Hirsch
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006801:Humans; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000628:therapy*; D019636:Neurodegenerative Diseases / Q000628:therapy*; D009462:Neurology; D011570:Psychiatry
keywords: Animal models; Clinical research; Collaboration précompétitive; Drug discovery; Développement préclinique et clinique; Maladies neuropsychiatriques; Medication development; Modèles animaux; Neuropsychiatric disorders; Organisation de recherche pharmaceutique; Precompetitive collaboration; Research management