title: Technology transfer of brain-computer interfaces as assistive technology: barriers and opportunities.
abstract: This paper provides an analysis of perspectives from different stakeholders on the state-of-the-art of BCI. Three barriers for technology transfer of BCIs as access technologies are identified. First, BCIs are developed with a narrow focus on creating a reliable technology, while a broader focus on creating a usable technology is needed. Second, the potential target group, which could benefit from BCIs as access technologies is expected to be very small. Development costs are therefore high, while reimbursements are expected to be low, which challenges the commercial viability. Third, potential target users should be much more included in the design process of BCIs to ensure that the end-products meet technical, ethical, legal and social requirements. These three issues need to be urgently addressed so that target users may benefit from this promising technology.
authors.affiliation: Health, Medical and Neuropsychology Unit, Faculty of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Leiden University, Pieter de la Court building, Wassenaarseweg 52, 2333 AK Leiden, The Netherlands. Electronic address: f.nijboer@fsw.leidenuniv.nl.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Nijboer
mesh_terms: D062207:Brain-Computer Interfaces; D004867:Equipment Design; D006801:Humans; D000066530:Neurological Rehabilitation / Q000295:instrumentation*; D012656:Self-Help Devices; D018581:Technology Transfer
keywords: Assistive technology; Brain-computer interface; Design; Ethics; Locked-in syndrome; Technology Transfer