title: Temporal plasticity involved in recovery from manual dexterity deficit after motor cortex lesion in macaque monkeys.
abstract: The question of how intensive motor training restores motor function after brain damage or stroke remains unresolved. Here we show that the ipsilesional ventral premotor cortex (PMv) and perilesional primary motor cortex (M1) of rhesus macaque monkeys are involved in the recovery of manual dexterity after a lesion of M1. A focal lesion of the hand digit area in M1 was made by means of ibotenic acid injection. This lesion initially caused flaccid paralysis in the contralateral hand but was followed by functional recovery of hand movements, including precision grip, during the course of daily postlesion motor training. Brain imaging of regional cerebral blood flow by means of H2 (15)O-positron emission tomography revealed enhanced activity of the PMv during the early postrecovery period and increased functional connectivity within M1 during the late postrecovery period. The causal role of these areas in motor recovery was confirmed by means of pharmacological inactivation by muscimol during the different recovery periods. These findings indicate that, in both the remaining primary motor and premotor cortical areas, time-dependent plastic changes in neural activity and connectivity are involved in functional recovery from the motor deficit caused by the M1 lesion. Therefore, it is likely that the PMv, an area distant from the core of the lesion, plays an important role during the early postrecovery period, whereas the perilesional M1 contributes to functional recovery especially during the late postrecovery period.
authors.affiliation: Human Technology Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058568, Japan, Research Fellow of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 1020083, Japan, murata.ym@aist.go.jp.
authors.forename: Yumi
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6318-2951
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Murata
authors.affiliation: Human Technology Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058568, Japan, Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, Saitama, 3320012, Japan, Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, Saitama, 3320012, Japan.
authors.forename: Noriyuki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Higo
authors.affiliation: Division of Bio-Function Dynamics Imaging, Center for Life Science Technologies, RIKEN, Kobe, Hyogo, 6500047, Japan.
authors.forename: Takuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hayashi
authors.affiliation: Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, Saitama, 3320012, Japan, Department of Developmental Physiology, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi, 4448585, Japan.
authors.forename: Yukio
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nishimura
authors.affiliation: Human Technology Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058568, Japan, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Science, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 3058577, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sugiyama
authors.affiliation: Human Technology Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058568, Japan, Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, Saitama, 3320012, Japan, Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Aichi, 4848506, Japan, and.
authors.forename: Takao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Oishi
authors.affiliation: Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, Saitama, 3320012, Japan, Central Research Laboratory, Hamamatsu Photonics K.K., Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, 4348601, Japan.
authors.forename: Hideo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tsukada
authors.affiliation: Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, Saitama, 3320012, Japan, Department of Developmental Physiology, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi, 4448585, Japan.
authors.forename: Tadashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Isa
authors.affiliation: Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, Saitama, 3320012, Japan, Division of Bio-Function Dynamics Imaging, Center for Life Science Technologies, RIKEN, Kobe, Hyogo, 6500047, Japan.
authors.forename: Hirotaka
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Onoe
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018737:Hand Strength / Q000502:physiology*; D008253:Macaca mulatta; D008297:Male; D009044:Motor Cortex / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000502:physiology*; D009048:Motor Skills / Q000502:physiology*; D009473:Neuronal Plasticity / Q000502:physiology*; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography / Q000379:methods; D020127:Recovery of Function / Q000502:physiology*; D013997:Time Factors
keywords: brain activation; functional compensation; macaque monkey; precision grip; primate