title: Predicting outcome of substance abuse treatment in a feedback study: Can recovery curves be improved upon?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The goal of the study was to evaluate whether enhanced normative feedback recovery curves are needed for treatment of substance use problems.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patient predictors of outcome were examined using data from four substance abuse treatment clinics.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Baseline severity of symptoms/functioning, employment, and craving were found to be associated with rate of change in symptoms/functioning. Several other variables were associated with rate of change in alcohol use, although in the opposite direction than found in efficacy trials.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results point to the complexity of designing feedback systems using normative recovery curves for those with substance use problems and highlight the important differences between real-world treatment of those with substance use problems compared to data from efficacy trials.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Psychiatry , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , PA , USA.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Crits-Christoph
authors.affiliation: a Department of Psychiatry , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , PA , USA.
authors.forename: Hannah M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Markell
authors.affiliation: b Department of Mathematics , West Chester University , West Chester , PA , USA.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gallop
authors.affiliation: a Department of Psychiatry , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , PA , USA.
authors.forename: Mary Beth Connolly
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Gibbons
authors.affiliation: c Joint Clinical Trials Office , Weill Cornell Medical College , New York , NY , USA.
authors.forename: Bridget
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: McClure
authors.affiliation: d Department of Psychiatry , New York University School of Medicine , New York , NY , USA.
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rotrosen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005246:Feedback; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care / Q000379:methods*; D011379:Prognosis; D011594:Psychometrics; D011613:Psychotherapy / Q000592:standards*; D020127:Recovery of Function; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000628:therapy*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: Outcome Questionnaire-45; alcohol; feedback; recovery curve; substance abuse