title: Effects of chronic disease self-management programs for participants with higher depression scores: secondary analyses of an on-line and a small-group program.
abstract: Depression often accompanies chronic illness. Study aims included determining (1) the level of current depression (Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ)-8 ≥ 10) for two sets of Chronic Disease Self-Management Programs (CDSMP) participants; (2) if depression or other outcomes improved for those with PHQ-8 ≥ 10; and (3) if outcomes differed for participants with or without depression. This study utilized longitudinal secondary data analysis of depression cohorts (PHQ-8 ≥ 10) from two independent translational implementations of the CDSMP, small-group (N = 175) and Internet-based (N = 110). At baseline, 27 and 55  % of the two samples had PHQ-8 10 or greater. This decreased to 16 and 37  % by 12  months (p < 0.001). Both depressed and non-depressed cohorts demonstrated improvements in most 12-month outcomes (pain, fatigue, activity limitations, and medication adherence). The CDSMP was associated with long-term improvements in depression regardless of delivery mode or location, and the programs appeared beneficial for participants with and without depression.
authors.affiliation: Stanford Patient Education Research Center, School of Medicine, Stanford University, 1000 Welch Road Rd., Suite 204, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA.
authors.forename: Philip L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Ritter
authors.affiliation: Health Science Center, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX USA.
authors.forename: Marcia G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Ory
authors.affiliation: Stanford Patient Education Research Center, School of Medicine, Stanford University, 1000 Welch Road Rd., Suite 204, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA.
authors.forename: Diana D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Laurent
authors.affiliation: Stanford Patient Education Research Center, School of Medicine, Stanford University, 1000 Welch Road Rd., Suite 204, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA.
authors.forename: Kate
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lorig
keywords: Chronic disease; Depression; Patient education; Self-management