title: Evaluation of aqueous and alcohol-based quaternary ammonium sanitizers for inactivating Salmonella spp., Escherichia coli O157:H7, and Listeria monocytogenes on peanut and pistachio shells.
abstract: This study evaluated the efficacy of aqueous (aQUAT) and isopropyl alcohol-based quaternary ammonium (ipQUAT) sanitizers for reducing Salmonella spp., Escherichia coli O157:H7, or Listeria monocytogenes populations on peanut and pistachio shell pieces. Inoculated nutshells were mixed with QUAT sanitizers, water, or 70% ethanol and enumerated immediately or after incubation at 30 °C for 48 h. None of the treatments had any immediate effect on Salmonella or E. coli O157:H7 populations on the peanut or pistachio shells. L. monocytogenes populations declined immediately on the peanut and pistachio shells treated with aQUAT or ipQUAT. After incubation, Salmonella and E. coli O157:H7 populations increased significantly on the water- or aQUAT-treated peanut and pistachio shells. L. monocytogenes populations also increased significantly on the water- or aQUAT-treated peanut shells, but levels did not change on the water-treated pistachio shells and levels were just above the limit of detection on the aQUAT-treated pistachio shells. After treatment with ipQUAT and 48-h incubation, Salmonella and E. coli O157:H7 populations decreased to or below the limit of detection on both shell types; L. monocytogenes populations remained at or below the limit of detection on both shell types.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Citrus Research and Education Center, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, 700 Experiment Station Road, Lake Alfred, FL, 33850, USA.
authors.forename: Rachel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: McEgan
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Citrus Research and Education Center, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, 700 Experiment Station Road, Lake Alfred, FL, 33850, USA. Electronic address: mddanyluk@ufl.edu.
authors.forename: Michelle D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Danyluk
mesh_terms: D000438:Alcohols; D010367:Arachis / Q000382:microbiology*; D004202:Disinfectants; D019453:Escherichia coli O157 / Q000254:growth & development*; D005516:Food Microbiology; D057230:Limit of Detection; D008089:Listeria monocytogenes / Q000254:growth & development*; D027927:Pistacia / Q000382:microbiology*; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; D012475:Salmonella / Q000254:growth & development*; D014867:Water
chemical_list: D000438:Alcohols; D004202:Disinfectants; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; D014867:Water
keywords: Escherichia coli O157:H7; Listeria; Peanut; Pistachio; Salmonella; Sanitizer