title: A gastrointestinal transit study on amphotericin B-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles in rats.
abstract: The gastrointestinal (GI) transit behavior of and absorption from an amphotericin B (AmB) solid lipid nanoformulation (SLN) in rats was investigated. We aimed to estimate the gastric emptying time (GET) and cecal arrival time (CAT) of AmB SLN in rats as animal models. From these two parameters, an insight on the absorption window of AmB was ascertained. Three types of SLNs, AmB, paracetamol (PAR), and sulfasalazine (SSZ), were similarly formulated using beeswax/theobroma oil composite as the lipid matrix and characterized with regard to size, viscosity, density, migration propensity within agarose gel, in vitro drug release, morphology, gastrointestinal transit, and in vivo absorption. The GET and CAT were estimated indirectly using marker drugs: PAR and sulfapyridine (SP). All three types of SLNs exhibited identical properties with regard to z-average, viscosity, relative density, and propensity to migrate. PAR was absorbed rapidly from the small intestine following emptying of the SLNs giving the T50E (time for 50% absorption of PAR) to be 1.6 h. SP was absorbed after release and microbial degradation of SSZ from SLN in the colon with a lag time of 2 h post-administration, serving as the estimated cecal arrival time of the SLNs. AmB within SLN was favorably absorbed from the small intestine, albeit slowly.
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Malaysia Campus, 43500, Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Hilda
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Amekyeh
authors.forename: Nashiru
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Billa
authors.forename: Kah-Hay
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Yuen
authors.forename: Sherlyn Lim Sheau
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Chin
mesh_terms: D000082:Acetaminophen / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D000666:Amphotericin B / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D000818:Animals; D002152:Calorimetry, Differential Scanning; D005772:Gastrointestinal Transit; D008055:Lipids / Q000737:chemistry*; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D053758:Nanoparticles; D051381:Rats; D012460:Sulfasalazine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics
chemical_list: D008055:Lipids; D000082:Acetaminophen; D012460:Sulfasalazine; D000666:Amphotericin B