title: Staphylococcus epidermidis in urine is not always benign: a case report of pyelonephritis in a child.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Staphylococcus epidermidis in urine cultures from previously healthy children is usually considered to be a contaminant. The goal of this study was to identify cases in which S. epidermidis was an infectious cause of urinary tract infection (UTI) in children.
  
  
  METHODS
  A literature search identified 7 cases, 6 of which were previously published and 1 which was unpublished, described herein.
  
  
  RESULTS
  S. epidermidis was identified as the causative organism of UTIs in children with underlying urinary tract abnormalities.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  UTIs caused by S. epidermidis in a previously healthy child should not be disregarded as a contaminant and further workup for urinary tract abnormality is indicated.
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Community Health and Family Medicine, and the H. James Free Center for Primary Care Education and Innovation, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL (VL, GF, RH); and the Department of Family Medicine, Memorial Hospital of Converse County, Douglas, WY (PLS, SLT). vlozano@ufl.edu.
authors.forename: Valentina
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Lozano
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Community Health and Family Medicine, and the H. James Free Center for Primary Care Education and Innovation, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL (VL, GF, RH); and the Department of Family Medicine, Memorial Hospital of Converse County, Douglas, WY (PLS, SLT).
authors.forename: Gabriela
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Fernandez
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Community Health and Family Medicine, and the H. James Free Center for Primary Care Education and Innovation, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL (VL, GF, RH); and the Department of Family Medicine, Memorial Hospital of Converse County, Douglas, WY (PLS, SLT).
authors.forename: Patricia L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Spencer
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Community Health and Family Medicine, and the H. James Free Center for Primary Care Education and Innovation, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL (VL, GF, RH); and the Department of Family Medicine, Memorial Hospital of Converse County, Douglas, WY (PLS, SLT).
authors.forename: Susan L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Community Health and Family Medicine, and the H. James Free Center for Primary Care Education and Innovation, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL (VL, GF, RH); and the Department of Family Medicine, Memorial Hospital of Converse County, Douglas, WY (PLS, SLT).
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hatch
mesh_terms: D002675:Child, Preschool; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011704:Pyelonephritis / Q000382:microbiology*; D013212:Staphylococcus epidermidis / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D014552:Urinary Tract Infections / Q000209:etiology*; D014556:Urine / Q000382:microbiology*
keywords: Staphylococcus epidermidis; Urinary Tract Infections; Vesicoureteral Reflux