title: Frameless stereotactic magnetic resonance imaging-guided laser interstitial thermal therapy to perform bilateral anterior cingulotomy for intractable pain: feasibility, technical aspects, and initial experience in 3 patients.
abstract: Bilateral anterior cingulotomy is well described for certain pain and psychiatric disorders. Typically, stereotactic frame-based radiofrequency ablation is used. We report the feasibility of a frameless approach using magnetic resonance imaging-guided laser induced thermal therapy (MRgLITT).
  
  
  
  To report experience and outcomes for MRgLITT in bilateral anterior cingulotomy.
  
  
  
  Three patients with chronic refractory cancer-related pain underwent bilateral anterior cingulotomy. The Brief Pain Inventory (Short Form) was used for pain evaluation. Frameless stereotaxy using the Medtronic S7 Navigation system was used for laser catheter placement. Patients were followed for evaluation of pain control outcomes.
  
  
  
  Four MRgLITT bilateral cingulotomy procedures were performed in 3 patients. Two patients had a single MRgLITT procedure while the third had repeat ablation after pain recurrence. First time ablation coordinates were (medians): x = 7.9 mm (range, 6.9-8.6); y = 20.5 mm (range, 20-22); z = 6.9 mm (range, 2.9-7.0) above the lateral ventricle roof. Median trajectory length was 85.5 mm (range, 80-90). Median ablation volume was 1.5 cm3 (range, 0.6-1.2). Median ablation time was 257 seconds (range, 136-338) per cingulum and power was 10.0 Watts (range, 10-11). Median preoperative pain severity (PSS) and interference scores (PIS) were 7.7 (range, 7.5-9.3) and 9.9 (range, 9.7-10.0), respectively. Median postoperative PSS and PIS scores were 1.6 (range, 1.0-2.8) and 2.0 (range, 0.3-2.6), respectively.
  
  
  
  MRgLITT cingulotomy is well tolerated for treatment of cancer pain and can be easily performed framelessly for appropriate candidates.
authors.affiliation: *Division of Neurosurgery, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey; ‡Department of Neurological Surgery, Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey.
authors.forename: Nitesh V
authors.initials: NV
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.forename: Nitin
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Agarwal
authors.forename: Antonios
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mammis
authors.forename: Shabbar F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Danish
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006179:Gyrus Cinguli / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D053685:Laser Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000150:complications; D038361:Neuronavigation / Q000379:methods*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010148:Intractable Pain / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D011612:Psychosurgery / Q000379:methods*; D016896:Treatment Outcome