title: Automated diabetic retinopathy imaging in Indian eyes: a pilot study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the efficacy of an automated retinal image grading system in diabetic retinopathy (DR) screening.
  
  
  METHODS
  Color fundus images of patients of a DR screening project were analyzed for the purpose of the study. For each eye two set of images were acquired, one centerd on the disk and the other centerd on the macula. All images were processed by automated DR screening software (Retmarker). The results were compared to ophthalmologist grading of the same set of photographs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  5780 images of 1445 patients were analyzed. Patients were screened into two categories DR or no DR. Image quality was high, medium and low in 71 (4.91%), 1117 (77.30%) and 257 (17.78%) patients respectively. Specificity and sensitivity for detecting DR in the high, medium and low group were (0.59, 0.91); (0.11, 0.95) and (0.93, 0.14).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Automated retinal image screening system for DR had a high sensitivity in high and medium quality images. Automated DR grading software's hold promise in future screening programs.
authors.forename: Rupak
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Roy
authors.forename: Aneesha
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lobo
authors.forename: Aneesha
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lob
authors.forename: Bikramjeet P
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Pal
authors.forename: Carlos Manta
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.forename: Rajiv
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Raman
authors.affiliation: Department Vitreo Retina, Shri Bhagwan Mahavir Vitreoretinal, Services, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: Tarun
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sharma
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001331:Automation / Q000379:methods*; D003930:Diabetic Retinopathy / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005260:Female; D005654:Fundus Oculi; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000379:methods*; D010781:Photography / Q000379:methods*; D010865:Pilot Projects