title: Risk factors associated with serum levels of the inflammatory biomarker soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor in a general population.
abstract: The soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) is a biomarker of mortality risk in various patient populations. However, little is known about the implications of lifestyle for suPAR levels in the general population. Lifestyle, demographic, and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factor data were collected from 5,538 participants in the Danish population-based Inter99 study. Their suPAR levels were measured using a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. In the final adjusted model, smoking and morbid obesity were strongly associated with higher suPAR levels (P < 0.001). An unhealthy diet and alcohol abstinence in men were also associated with higher suPAR levels. Physical activity in leisure time had a modest impact on suPAR levels in univariate analysis, but not in the final adjusted model. In conclusion, smoking and morbid obesity were strongly associated with higher serum suPAR levels in this general population. Diet and alcohol consumption also seemed to impact suPAR levels. Lifestyle changes are likely to affect suPAR since ex-smokers had suPAR levels comparable to those of never-smokers.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Research Centre, Department 056, Hvidovre Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark.
authors.forename: Thomas H
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Haupt
authors.affiliation: Clinical Research Centre, Department 056, Hvidovre Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kallemose
authors.affiliation: Clinical Research Centre, Department 056, Hvidovre Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark.
authors.forename: Steen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ladelund
authors.affiliation: Clinical Research Centre, Department 056, Hvidovre Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark.
authors.forename: Line Jh
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Rasmussen
authors.affiliation: Clinical Research Centre, Department 056, Hvidovre Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark.
authors.forename: Christian W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Thorball
authors.affiliation: Clinical Research Centre, Department 056, Hvidovre Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark.
authors.forename: Ove
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Andersen
authors.affiliation: Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Department 84-85, Glostrup University Hospital, Glostrup, Denmark.
authors.forename: Charlotta
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pisinger
authors.affiliation: Clinical Research Centre, Department 056, Hvidovre Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark.
authors.forename: Jesper
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Eugen-Olsen
keywords: biomarkers; epidemiologic studies; risk factors; urokinase plasminogen activator receptor