title: Sleep disruption and its effect on lymphocyte redeployment following an acute bout of exercise.
abstract: Sleep disruption and deprivation are common in contemporary society and have been linked with poor health, decreased job performance and increased life-stress. The rapid redeployment of lymphocytes between the blood and tissues is an archetypal feature of the acute stress response, but it is not known if short-term perturbations in sleep architecture affect lymphocyte redeployment. We examined the effects of a disrupted night sleep on the exercise-induced redeployment of lymphocytes and their subtypes. 10 healthy male cyclists performed 1h of cycling at a fixed power output on an indoor cycle ergometer, following a night of undisrupted sleep (US) or a night of disrupted sleep (DS). Blood was collected before, immediately after and 1h after exercise completion. Lymphocytes and their subtypes were enumerated using direct immunofluorescence assays and 4-colour flow cytometry. DS was associated with elevated concentrations of total lymphocytes and CD3(-)/CD56(+) NK-cells. Although not affecting baseline levels, DS augmented the exercise-induced redeployment of CD8(+) T-cells, with the naïve/early differentiated subtypes (KLRG1(-)/CD45RA(+)) being affected most. While the mobilisation of cytotoxic lymphocyte subsets (NK cells, CD8(+) T-cells γδ T-cells), tended to be larger in response to exercise following DS, their enhanced egress at 1h post-exercise was more marked. This occurred despite similar serum cortisol and catecholamine levels between the US and DS trials. NK-cells redeployed with exercise after DS retained their expression of perforin and Granzyme-B indicating that DS did not affect NK-cell 'arming'. Our findings indicate that short-term changes in sleep architecture may 'prime' the immune system and cause minor enhancements in lymphocyte trafficking in response to acute dynamic exercise.
authors.affiliation: Biomedicine and Sport and Exercise Research Group, School of Life, Sport & Social Science, Edinburgh Napier University, Sighthill Campus, Edinburgh, Scotland EH11 4BN, United Kingdom. Electronic address: Le.ingram@napier.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Lesley A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Ingram
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Integrated Physiology, Department of Health and Human Performance, University of Houston, 3855 Holman Street, Houston, TX 77204, USA. Electronic address: rjsimpson@uh.edu.
authors.forename: Richard J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Simpson
authors.affiliation: Biomedicine and Sport and Exercise Research Group, School of Life, Sport & Social Science, Edinburgh Napier University, Sighthill Campus, Edinburgh, Scotland EH11 4BN, United Kingdom. Electronic address: e.malone@napier.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Malone
authors.affiliation: Biomedicine and Sport and Exercise Research Group, School of Life, Sport & Social Science, Edinburgh Napier University, Sighthill Campus, Edinburgh, Scotland EH11 4BN, United Kingdom. Electronic address: g.florida-james@napier.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Geraint D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Florida-James
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006801:Humans; D018655:Lymphocyte Count; D016131:Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000166:cytology*; D008297:Male; D012892:Sleep Deprivation / Q000097:blood*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Adrenaline; Cortisol; Cytotoxic lymphocytes; Exercise; Immune system; Noradrenaline; Sleep