title: Macrophage-derived soluble CD163 level in young patients with Gaucher disease: relation to phenotypes, disease severity and complications.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Bone and lung involvement are two major causes of morbidity in Gaucher disease (GD). The soluble form of CD163 (sCD163) is a valuable diagnostic biomarker for monitoring diseases with increased macrophage activation. We determined sCD163 levels in 30 children and adolescence with GD compared with 30 healthy controls and assessed the relation to phenotypes, disease severity and complications.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty GD patients (10 had type 1 and 20 had type 3) were studied stressing on skeletal, pulmonary or neurological manifestations, enzyme replacement therapy (ERT), hematological profile, plasma chitotriosidase activity, D-dimer and sCD163. Liver and spleen volumes and bone mineral density (BMD) were assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  sCD163 levels were markedly elevated in patients compared with controls. D-dimer, chitotriosidase activity and sCD163 levels were significantly increased in type 3 GD patients compared with type 1. sCD163 was significantly elevated in GD patients with dysphagia, developmental delay, pulmonary hypertension risk or abnormal BMD (osteopenia/osteoporosis) than those without. GD patients receiving ERT every 2weeks had lower levels than those under ERT for more than 2weeks. sCD163 was positively correlated with age, disease duration, severity score index, D-dimer and chitotriosidase activity. The cutoff value of sCD163 at 9400ng/mL could differentiate GD patients with and without pulmonary hypertension risk with a sensitivity of 90% and specificity of 95%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  sCD163 is a biomarker for the clinical assessment of macrophage proliferation and activity that would help in risk prediction of bone and lung involvement and monitoring treatment response.
authors.affiliation: Pediatrics Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
authors.forename: Amira Abdel Moneam
authors.initials: AAM
authors.lastname: Adly
authors.affiliation: Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt. Electronic address: eman.ismail_70@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Eman Abdel Rahman
authors.initials: EAR
authors.lastname: Ismail
authors.affiliation: Pediatrics Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
authors.forename: Taghreed Mahmoud
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Ibraheem
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000097:blood*; D015214:Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic / Q000097:blood*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D005776:Gaucher Disease / Q000097:blood*; D006596:Hexosaminidases / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D008264:Macrophages / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D010641:Phenotype; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000097:blood*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D000098902:CD163 Antigen
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D015214:Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic; D015415:Biomarkers; D000098902:CD163 Antigen; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D006596:Hexosaminidases; C086400:chitotriosidase
keywords: Bone mineral density; Gaucher disease; Pulmonary hypertension; Severity score index; sCD163