title: Astaxanthin and Corni Fructus protect against diabetes-induced oxidative stress, inflammation, and advanced glycation end product in livers of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.
abstract: This study was conducted to compare the protective effects of astaxanthin (ASX) with Corni Fructus (CF) against diabetes-induced pathologies such as oxidative stress-induced inflammation and advanced glycation end product (AGE) formation in the liver of type 1 diabetic rats. ASX (50 mg/kg body weight/day) or CF (200 mg/kg body weight/day) was orally administered every day for 18 days to streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats, and their effects were compared with nondiabetic and diabetic control rats. The administration of CF, but not ASX, decreased both the elevated serum and hepatic glucose concentration in diabetic rats. In diabetic rats, increased levels of AGE, reactive oxygen species, and lipid peroxidation were significantly decreased by treatment with both ASX and CF in the liver of diabetic rats. STZ treatment markedly augmented the protein expressions of AGE, and both ASX and CF efficiently attenuated these increases in hepatic protein expressions. In addition, oxidative stress and proinflammatory protein expressions were upregulated in the diabetic rats. On the contrary, these upregulations of protein expressions were decreased by the administration of ASX or CF. These results suggest that the inhibitory effect of ASX on diabetes-induced hepatic dysfunction could be derived from the blocking of AGE formation and further anti-inflammation and that CF exhibited beneficial effects through the attenuation of hyperglycemia, and thus the inhibition of AGE formation and the inflammatory responses. Therefore, ASX as well as CF may help prevent ongoing diabetes-induced hepatic injury.
authors.affiliation: 1 College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University , Daegu, Korea.
authors.forename: Chan Hum
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Feng Hao
authors.initials: FH
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Seong-Soo
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Roh
authors.forename: Yeong Ok
authors.initials: YO
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Kazuo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Uebaba
authors.forename: Jeong Sook
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Noh
authors.forename: Takako
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yokozawa
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D029768:Cornus; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism; D005638:Fruit; D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced / Q000378:metabolism*; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000517:prevention & control; D007249:Inflammation / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D024341:Xanthophylls / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced; D010936:Plant Extracts; D024341:Xanthophylls; C005948:astaxanthine
keywords: AGE; Corni Fructus; astaxanthin; inflammation; oxidative stress; streptozotocin-induced diabetes