title: Cdc42 mediates Bmp-induced sprouting angiogenesis through Fmnl3-driven assembly of endothelial filopodia in zebrafish.
abstract: During angiogenesis in vivo, endothelial cells (ECs) at the tips of vascular sprouts actively extend filopodia that are filled with bundles of linear actin filaments. To date, signaling pathways involved in the formation of endothelial filopodia have been studied using in-vitro-cultured ECs that behave differently from those in vivo. Herein, we have delineated a signaling pathway that governs the assembly of endothelial filopodia during angiogenic sprouting of the caudal vein plexus (CVP) in zebrafish. During CVP formation, bone morphogenetic protein induces the extension of endothelial filopodia and their migration via Arhgef9b-mediated activation of Cdc42. Active Cdc42 binds to and stimulates Formin-like 3, an actin-regulatory protein of the formin family, which, in turn, promotes the extension of endothelial filopodia to facilitate angiogenic sprouting of the CVP. Thus, this study has elucidated molecular mechanisms underlying the formation of endothelial filopodia and their role in angiogenesis in vivo.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Biology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Fujishirodai 5-7-1, Suita, Osaka 565-8565, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wakayama
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Biology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Fujishirodai 5-7-1, Suita, Osaka 565-8565, Japan. Electronic address: fuku@ncvc.go.jp.
authors.forename: Shigetomo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fukuhara
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Biology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Fujishirodai 5-7-1, Suita, Osaka 565-8565, Japan.
authors.forename: Koji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ando
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Bioimaging and Cell Signaling, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan; Department of Pathology and Biology of Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
authors.forename: Michiyuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Matsuda
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Biology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Fujishirodai 5-7-1, Suita, Osaka 565-8565, Japan; JST-CREST, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Fujishirodai 5-7-1, Suita, Osaka 565-8565, Japan.
authors.forename: Naoki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mochizuki
mesh_terms: D008841:Actin Cytoskeleton; D000818:Animals; D030801:Animals, Genetically Modified / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism; D000080865:Formins; D061307:Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D018919:Neovascularization, Physiologic; D011554:Pseudopodia / Q000502:physiology*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D014680:Veins / Q000502:physiology*; D015027:Zebrafish; D029961:Zebrafish Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D020764:cdc42 GTP-Binding Protein / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins; C578075:FMNL3 protein, zebrafish; D000080865:Formins; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D029961:Zebrafish Proteins; D020764:cdc42 GTP-Binding Protein