title: Metabolomic characteristics of arsenic-associated diabetes in a prospective cohort in Chihuahua, Mexico.
abstract: Chronic exposure to inorganic arsenic (iAs) has been linked to an increased risk of diabetes, yet the specific disease phenotype and underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. In the present study we set out to identify iAs exposure-associated metabolites with altered abundance in nondiabetic and diabetic individuals in an effort to understand the relationship between exposure, metabolomic response, and disease status. A nested study design was used to profile metabolomic shifts in urine and plasma collected from 90 diabetic and 86 nondiabetic individuals matched for varying iAs concentrations in drinking water, body mass index, age, and sex. Diabetes diagnosis was based on measures of fasting plasma glucose and 2-h blood glucose. Multivariable models were used to identify metabolites with altered abundance associated with iAs exposure among diabetic and nondiabetic individuals. A total of 132 metabolites were identified to shift in urine or plasma in response to iAs exposure characterized by the sum of iAs metabolites in urine (U-tAs). Although many metabolites were altered in both diabetic and nondiabetic 35 subjects, diabetic individuals displayed a unique response to iAs exposure with 59 altered metabolites including those that play a role in tricarboxylic acid cycle and amino acid metabolism. Taken together, these data highlight the broad impact of iAs exposure on the human metabolome, and demonstrate some specificity of the metabolomic response between diabetic and nondiabetic individuals. These data may provide novel insights into the mechanisms and phenotype of diabetes associated with iAs exposure.
authors.affiliation: *Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, Programa de Maestría en Ciencias en Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Chihuahua, México, Colegio de Médicos Cirujanos y Homeópatas del Estado de Chihuahua, A.C., Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, International Agency for Research of Cancer, Monographs Section, IARC/WHO, Lyon Cedex, France, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Gómez Palacio, Durango, México and Departamento de Toxicología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México DF, México.
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.affiliation: *Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, Programa de Maestría en Ciencias en Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Chihuahua, México, Colegio de Médicos Cirujanos y Homeópatas del Estado de Chihuahua, A.C., Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, International Agency for Research of Cancer, Monographs Section, IARC/WHO, Lyon Cedex, France, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Gómez Palacio, Durango, México and Departamento de Toxicología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México DF, México.
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: González-Horta
authors.affiliation: *Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, Programa de Maestría en Ciencias en Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Chihuahua, México, Colegio de Médicos Cirujanos y Homeópatas del Estado de Chihuahua, A.C., Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, International Agency for Research of Cancer, Monographs Section, IARC/WHO, Lyon Cedex, France, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Gómez Palacio, Durango, México and Departamento de Toxicología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México DF, México.
authors.forename: Julia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rager
authors.affiliation: *Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, Programa de Maestría en Ciencias en Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Chihuahua, México, Colegio de Médicos Cirujanos y Homeópatas del Estado de Chihuahua, A.C., Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, International Agency for Research of Cancer, Monographs Section, IARC/WHO, Lyon Cedex, France, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Gómez Palacio, Durango, México and Departamento de Toxicología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México DF, México.
authors.forename: Kathryn A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Bailey
authors.affiliation: *Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, Programa de Maestría en Ciencias en Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Chihuahua, México, Colegio de Médicos Cirujanos y Homeópatas del Estado de Chihuahua, A.C., Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, International Agency for Research of Cancer, Monographs Section, IARC/WHO, Lyon Cedex, France, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Gómez Palacio, Durango, México and Departamento de Toxicología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México DF, México.
authors.forename: Blanca
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sánchez-Ramírez
authors.affiliation: *Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, Programa de Maestría en Ciencias en Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Chihuahua, México, Colegio de Médicos Cirujanos y Homeópatas del Estado de Chihuahua, A.C., Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, International Agency for Research of Cancer, Monographs Section, IARC/WHO, Lyon Cedex, France, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Gómez Palacio, Durango, México and Departamento de Toxicología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México DF, México.
authors.forename: Lourdes
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ballinas-Casarrubias
authors.affiliation: *Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, Programa de Maestría en Ciencias en Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Chihuahua, México, Colegio de Médicos Cirujanos y Homeópatas del Estado de Chihuahua, A.C., Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, International Agency for Research of Cancer, Monographs Section, IARC/WHO, Lyon Cedex, France, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Gómez Palacio, Durango, México and Departamento de Toxicología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México DF, México.
authors.forename: María C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Ishida
authors.affiliation: *Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, Programa de Maestría en Ciencias en Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Chihuahua, México, Colegio de Médicos Cirujanos y Homeópatas del Estado de Chihuahua, A.C., Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, International Agency for Research of Cancer, Monographs Section, IARC/WHO, Lyon Cedex, France, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Gómez Palacio, Durango, México and Departamento de Toxicología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México DF, México.
authors.forename: Daniela S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Gutiérrez-Torres
authors.affiliation: *Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, Programa de Maestría en Ciencias en Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Chihuahua, México, Colegio de Médicos Cirujanos y Homeópatas del Estado de Chihuahua, A.C., Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, International Agency for Research of Cancer, Monographs Section, IARC/WHO, Lyon Cedex, France, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Gómez Palacio, Durango, México and Departamento de Toxicología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México DF, México.
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hernández Cerón
authors.affiliation: *Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, Programa de Maestría en Ciencias en Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Chihuahua, México, Colegio de Médicos Cirujanos y Homeópatas del Estado de Chihuahua, A.C., Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, International Agency for Research of Cancer, Monographs Section, IARC/WHO, Lyon Cedex, France, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Gómez Palacio, Durango, México and Departamento de Toxicología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México DF, México.
authors.forename: Damián
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Viniegra Morales
authors.affiliation: *Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, Programa de Maestría en Ciencias en Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Chihuahua, México, Colegio de Médicos Cirujanos y Homeópatas del Estado de Chihuahua, A.C., Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, International Agency for Research of Cancer, Monographs Section, IARC/WHO, Lyon Cedex, France, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Gómez Palacio, Durango, México and Departamento de Toxicología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México DF, México.
authors.forename: Francisco A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Baeza Terrazas
authors.affiliation: *Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, Programa de Maestría en Ciencias en Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Chihuahua, México, Colegio de Médicos Cirujanos y Homeópatas del Estado de Chihuahua, A.C., Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, International Agency for Research of Cancer, Monographs Section, IARC/WHO, Lyon Cedex, France, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Gómez Palacio, Durango, México and Departamento de Toxicología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México DF, México.
authors.forename: R Jesse
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Saunders
authors.affiliation: *Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, Programa de Maestría en Ciencias en Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Chihuahua, México, Colegio de Médicos Cirujanos y Homeópatas del Estado de Chihuahua, A.C., Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, International Agency for Research of Cancer, Monographs Section, IARC/WHO, Lyon Cedex, France, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Gómez Palacio, Durango, México and Departamento de Toxicología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México DF, México.
authors.forename: Zuzana
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Drobná
authors.affiliation: *Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, Programa de Maestría en Ciencias en Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Chihuahua, México, Colegio de Médicos Cirujanos y Homeópatas del Estado de Chihuahua, A.C., Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, International Agency for Research of Cancer, Monographs Section, IARC/WHO, Lyon Cedex, France, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Gómez Palacio, Durango, México and Departamento de Toxicología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México DF, México.
authors.forename: Michelle A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Mendez
authors.affiliation: *Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, Programa de Maestría en Ciencias en Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Chihuahua, México, Colegio de Médicos Cirujanos y Homeópatas del Estado de Chihuahua, A.C., Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, International Agency for Research of Cancer, Monographs Section, IARC/WHO, Lyon Cedex, France, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Gómez Palacio, Durango, México and Departamento de Toxicología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México DF, México.
authors.forename: John B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Buse
authors.affiliation: *Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, Programa de Maestría en Ciencias en Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Chihuahua, México, Colegio de Médicos Cirujanos y Homeópatas del Estado de Chihuahua, A.C., Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, International Agency for Research of Cancer, Monographs Section, IARC/WHO, Lyon Cedex, France, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Gómez Palacio, Durango, México and Departamento de Toxicología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México DF, México.
authors.forename: Dana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Loomis
authors.affiliation: *Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, Programa de Maestría en Ciencias en Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Chihuahua, México, Colegio de Médicos Cirujanos y Homeópatas del Estado de Chihuahua, A.C., Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, International Agency for Research of Cancer, Monographs Section, IARC/WHO, Lyon Cedex, France, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Gómez Palacio, Durango, México and Departamento de Toxicología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México DF, México.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Jia
authors.affiliation: *Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, Programa de Maestría en Ciencias en Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Chihuahua, México, Colegio de Médicos Cirujanos y Homeópatas del Estado de Chihuahua, A.C., Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, International Agency for Research of Cancer, Monographs Section, IARC/WHO, Lyon Cedex, France, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Gómez Palacio, Durango, México and Departamento de Toxicología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México DF, México.
authors.forename: Gonzalo G
authors.initials: GG
authors.lastname: García-Vargas
authors.affiliation: *Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, Programa de Maestría en Ciencias en Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Chihuahua, México, Colegio de Médicos Cirujanos y Homeópatas del Estado de Chihuahua, A.C., Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, International Agency for Research of Cancer, Monographs Section, IARC/WHO, Lyon Cedex, France, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Gómez Palacio, Durango, México and Departamento de Toxicología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México DF, México.
authors.forename: Luz M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Del Razo
authors.affiliation: *Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, Programa de Maestría en Ciencias en Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Chihuahua, México, Colegio de Médicos Cirujanos y Homeópatas del Estado de Chihuahua, A.C., Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, International Agency for Research of Cancer, Monographs Section, IARC/WHO, Lyon Cedex, France, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Gómez Palacio, Durango, México and Departamento de Toxicología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México DF, México styblo@med.unc.edu.
authors.forename: Miroslav
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stýblo
authors.affiliation: *Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, Programa de Maestría en Ciencias en Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Chihuahua, México, Colegio de Médicos Cirujanos y Homeópatas del Estado de Chihuahua, A.C., Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, International Agency for Research of Cancer, Monographs Section, IARC/WHO, Lyon Cedex, France, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Gómez Palacio, Durango, México and Departamento de Toxicología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México DF, México.
authors.forename: Rebecca
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Fry
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001151:Arsenic / Q000633:toxicity*; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000097:blood / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000652:urine; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D055432:Metabolomics; D008800:Mexico; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D001151:Arsenic
keywords: arsenic; chronic exposure; diabetes; metabolomics; plasma; urine