title: Brain-computer interface using P300 and virtual reality: a gaming approach for treating ADHD.
abstract: This paper presents a novel brain-computer interface (BCI) system aiming at the rehabilitation of attention-deficit/hyperactive disorder in children. It uses the P300 potential in a series of feedback games to improve the subjects' attention. We applied a support vector machine (SVM) using temporal and template-based features to detect these P300 responses. In an experimental setup using five subjects, an average error below 30% was achieved. To make it more challenging the BCI system has been embedded inside an immersive 3D virtual reality (VR) classroom with simulated distractions, which was created by combining a low-cost infrared camera and an "off-axis perspective projection" algorithm. This system is intended for kids by operating with four electrodes, as well as a non-intrusive VR setting. With the promising results, and considering the simplicity of the scheme, we hope to encourage future studies to adapt the techniques presented in this study.
authors.forename: Darius Adam
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Rohani
authors.forename: Helge B D
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Sorensen
authors.forename: Sadasivan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Puthusserypady
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D001288:Attention; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D062207:Brain-Computer Interfaces; D003198:Computer Simulation; D018913:Event-Related Potentials, P300; D030141:Feedback, Psychological; D006801:Humans; D012372:ROC Curve; D014584:User-Computer Interface; D018910:Video Games; D063367:Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy