title: Initial experience with endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration of renal masses: indications, applications and limitations.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Tissue sampling of renal masses is traditionally performed via the percutaneous approach or laparoscopicaly. The utility of endoscopic ultrasound to biopsy renal lesions it remains unclear and few cases have been reported.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the feasibility and outcome of endoscopic ultrasound fine needle aspiration of renal tumors.
  
  
  METHODS
  Consecutive subjects undergoing attempted endoscopic ultrasound fine needle aspiration of a kidney mass after evaluation with computerized tomography or magnetic resonance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ten procedures were performed in nine male patients (median age 54.7 years) on the right (n = 4) and left kidney (n = 4) and bilaterally (n = 1). Kidney masses (median diameter 55 mm ; range 13-160 mm) were located in the upper pole (n = 3), the lower pole (n = 2) and the mesorenal region (n = 3). In two cases, the mass involved more than one kidney region. Surgical resection confirmed renal cell carcinoma in six patients in whom pre-operative endoscopic ultrasound fine needle aspiration demonstrated renal cell carcinoma. No complications were reported.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Endoscopic ultrasound fine needle aspiration appears as a safe and feasible procedure with good results and minimal morbidity.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Gastroenterologia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil.
authors.forename: Renata Nobre
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Moura
authors.affiliation: Divisão de Urologia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil.
authors.forename: Roberto Iglesias
authors.initials: RI
authors.lastname: Lopes
authors.affiliation: Divisão de Urologia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil.
authors.forename: Miguel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Srougi
authors.affiliation: Divisão de Urologia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil.
authors.forename: Marcos Francisco
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Dall'oglio
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Gastroenterologia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil.
authors.forename: Paulo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sakai
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Gastroenterologia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil.
authors.forename: Everson L A
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Artifon
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D044963:Biopsy, Fine-Needle / Q000379:methods*; D019160:Endosonography / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies