title: Theoretical analysis, design and development of a 27-MHz folded loop antenna as a potential applicator in hyperthermia treatment.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A hyperthermia system using a folded loop antenna applicator at 27 MHz for soft tissue treatment was investigated both theoretically and experimentally to evaluate its clinical value.
  
  
  METHODS
  The electromagnetic analysis of a 27-MHz folded loop antenna for use in human tissue was based on a customised software tool and led to the design and development of the proposed hyperthermia system. The system was experimentally validated using specific absorption rate (SAR) distribution estimations through temperature distribution measurements of a muscle tissue phantom after electromagnetic exposure. Various scenarios for optimal antenna positioning were also performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Comparison of the theoretical and experimental analysis results shows satisfactory agreement. The SAR level of 50% reaches 8 cm depth in the tissue phantom. Thus, based on the maximum observed SAR values that were of the order of 100 W/kg, the antenna specified is suitable for deep tumour heating.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Theoretical and experimental SAR distribution results as derived from this study are in agreement. The proposed folded loop antenna seems appropriate for use in hyperthermia treatment, achieving proper planning and local treatment of deeply seated affected areas and lesions.
authors.affiliation: Second Department of Radiology, University of Athens , Greece .
authors.forename: Vassilis
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Kouloulias
authors.forename: Irene
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Karanasiou
authors.forename: Melina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Giamalaki
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Matsopoulos
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kouvaris
authors.forename: Nikolaos
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kelekis
authors.forename: Nikolaos
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Uzunoglu
mesh_terms: D055590:Electromagnetic Phenomena; D004867:Equipment Design; D006801:Humans; D006979:Hyperthermia, Induced / Q000295:instrumentation*; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D009132:Muscles; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D012984:Software
keywords: Folded loop antenna; Green’s functions; method of moments; muscle tissue phantom