title: Chemical composition of vegetation along urbanisation gradients in two European cities.
abstract: Accumulation of particulate matter (PM) and metals on leaves of three deciduous woody species was studied along urbanisation gradients in Stavanger and Warsaw. Differences between rural and urban sites explained most of the observed variation in leaf chemistry, followed by differences between regions. Highest leaf accumulation of elements was found in Warsaw, but also composition of elements differed between the cities. Overall, species showed similar patterns of element accumulation, but differed in accumulation of specific elements. These differences could in part be explained by differences in epicuticular waxes and PM accumulation. Expected source of elements and their chemical characteristics did not explain the observed accumulation patterns. A better differentiation between elements taken up from soil and air would be required for his. Species specific accumulation of elements has to be taken into consideration using leaf samples for biomonitoring.
authors.affiliation: Bioforsk - Norwegian Institute for Agricultural and Environmental Research, Postvegen 213, 4353 Klepp, Norway. Electronic address: arne.sabo@bioforsk.no.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sæbø
authors.affiliation: Bioforsk - Norwegian Institute for Agricultural and Environmental Research, Postvegen 213, 4353 Klepp, Norway.
authors.forename: H M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Hanslin
authors.affiliation: Bioforsk - Norwegian Institute for Agricultural and Environmental Research, Postvegen 213, 4353 Klepp, Norway.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Torp
authors.affiliation: Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry, 7491 Trondheim, Norway.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lierhagen
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Basic Research in Horticulture, Faculty of Horticulture, Biotechnology and Landscape Architecture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gawronska
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Basic Research in Horticulture, Faculty of Horticulture, Biotechnology and Landscape Architecture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Dzierzanowski
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Basic Research in Horticulture, Faculty of Horticulture, Biotechnology and Landscape Architecture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gawronski
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis; D002947:Cities / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D004777:Environment; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D005060:Europe; D008670:Metals / Q000032:analysis; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000032:analysis; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry*; D014507:Urbanization; D014885:Waxes
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D008670:Metals; D052638:Particulate Matter; D014885:Waxes
keywords: Metals; Particulate matter; Pollution accumulation; Woody species