title: Impact of the Pro12Ala polymorphism of the PPARγ2 gene on diabetes and obesity in a highly consanguineous population.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are members of the nuclear hormone receptor subfamily of transcription factors. It has been reported that they play important roles in obesity and the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
  
  
  METHODS
  This case-control study was carried out among 764 Qatari patients with diabetes and 764 healthy subjects above 20 years of age at Primary Healthcare Clinics (PHCs) from January 2011 to December 2012. Face-to-face interviews were based on a questionnaire that included variables such as age, sex, sociodemographic status, body mass index (BMI) and other clinical parameters. The Pro12Ala in the PPARγ2 gene was detected on the LightCycler using two specific probes. Univariate and multivariate statistical analysis were performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The study revealed that in the diabetes group, Pro/(10.2% vs 9.4%; P = 0.606) and Ala/Ala (1.4% vs 0.9%; P = 0.343) were higher than in controls, whereas Pro/Pro (88.4% vs 89.7%;P = 0.413) was lower in diabetes patients, but no significant difference was observed among the genotype groups. In obese patients with diabetes, Pro/Pro (89% vs 89.9%;P = 0.792) and Pro/Ala (8.9% vs 10.1%;P = 0.671) were lower than in obese healthy subjects. No homozygous Ala/Ala was found in obese healthy subjects, whereas 6 Ala/Ala homozygotes were in obese diabetes group. But in diabetes group, obese patients had higher homozygous of Pro/Pro (89.3% vs 87.8%;P = 0.523) and Ala/Ala (1.8% vs 1.2%;P = 0.771) compared to non-obese patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The current study did not reveal an association between the Pro12Ala polymorphism of the PPAR γ2 gene and type 2 diabetes (T2D) in Qatari's population.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar ; Department of Evidence for Population Health Unit, School of Epidemiology and Health Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
authors.forename: Abdulbari
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bener
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Hamad Medical Corporation, Hamad General Hospital, Qatar.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zirie
authors.affiliation: Qatar Diabetic Association and Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar.
authors.forename: Aoaa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Al-Hamaq
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Cytogenetics and Molecular Cytogenetics Laboratory, Hamad Medical Corporation, Qatar.
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Nawaz
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Samson
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, Wayne State University, School of medicine, Michigan, USA, and Department of Medicine, Hamad Medical Corporation, State of Qatar.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mohammad
keywords: Allele frequency; PPARγ2 gene; Pro12Ala polymorphism; consanguinity; diabetes mellitus; obesity