title: Long-term efficacy of Nd:YAG laser photocoagulation vs. liquid paraffin plus antiseptic cream in the treatment of recurrent epistaxis.
abstract: The objective of this study was to evaluate the long-term efficacy of Nd:YAG laser photocoagulation with that of liquid paraffin plus antiseptic cream in the management of recurrent epistaxis. Eighty consecutive patients who suffered from recurrent anterior epistaxis presented to the Otolaryngology Department at the Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University between February 2011 and June 2011. These patients with histories of recurrent epistaxis were randomly assigned to receive treatment in an outpatient setting consisting of either a combination of liquid paraffin plus antiseptic cream (Group 1) or Nd:YAG laser photocoagulation (Group 2).
  
  
  METHODS
  the following outcome measures were assessed: bleeding intensity; bleeding frequency 2 years after treatment (0 = no bleeding, 1 = reduced bleeding, 2 = the same, 3 = worse), participant's perception of discomfort during the management (grade 0-10, where 10 is the worst pain), and complications. Finally, 70 patients remain in our study. At 2 years, 86 % of laser patients versus 31 % of control patients had no reported bleeding. The outcome score at 2 years after treatment showed a significant difference between the two groups (P = 0.000, P < 0.01). The median and mean ± SD pain levels experienced were 5.0 and 5.2 ± 2.2. Both groups had no complications. It can be further concluded that Nd:YAG laser photocoagulation is a preferable therapy in the treatment of recurrent epistaxis in long-term efficacy. The level of pain associated with the procedure was well tolerated. It is a simple, easy, safe and rapid therapy, which can be performed in an office setting.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology and Laser Surgery, Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China. gracezj28@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology and Laser Surgery, Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China.
authors.forename: Rongxing
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Qiu
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology and Laser Surgery, Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China. weics2003@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Chunsheng
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wei
mesh_terms: D000287:Administration, Topical; D000328:Adult; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002710:Chlorhexidine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004338:Drug Combinations; D004844:Epistaxis / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D053844:Lasers, Solid-State / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008028:Light Coagulation; D008297:Male; D009355:Neomycin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D009821:Oils / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D010232:Paraffin / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012008:Recurrence; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D013997:Time Factors; D064232:Visual Analog Scale
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local; D004338:Drug Combinations; D009821:Oils; D010232:Paraffin; C015418:paraffin oils; D009355:Neomycin; D002710:Chlorhexidine
keywords: Antiseptic cream; Epistaxis; Liquid paraffin; Nd:YAG laser; Photocoagulation