title: Glucose Transporter 1 (SLC2A1) and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A (VEGFA) Predict Survival After Resection of Colorectal Cancer Liver Metastasis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the individual and combined prognostic value of HIF1α, SLC2A1, and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) in a multi-institutional cohort of patients with resected colorectal cancer liver metastasis (CRCLM).
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  In the majority of patients with CRCLM, resection seems not to be curative, despite its curative intent. Overexpression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF1α), glucose transporter 1 (SLC2A1; also known as GLUT1), and VEGFA has been associated with tumor progression and poor prognosis of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC).
  
  
  METHODS
  Tissue microarrays were generated using CRCLM and patient-matched primary CRC from patients who underwent CRCLM resection between 1990 and 2010. Prognostic value of HIF1α, SLC2A1, and VEGFA was determined by immunohistochemistry. A 500-fold cross-validated hazard rate ratio (HRRav) for overall survival was calculated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  HIF1α, SLC2A1, and VEGFA expression could be evaluated in 328, 350, and 335 patients, respectively. High SLC2A1 expression was associated with good prognosis (HRRav, 0.67; P (HRR >1)  < 0.01) and high VEGFA expression to poor prognosis (HRRav, 1.84; P (HRR < 1)  = 0.02), also after multivariate analysis including established clinicopathological prognostic variables (HRRav, 0.67; P (HRR > 1)  < 0.01 and HRRav, 1.50; P (HRR < 1)  = 0.02, respectively). SLC2A1 showed prognostic value particularly in patients treated with systemic therapy (P < 0.01), whereas the prognostic value of VEGFA expression was mainly observed in patients not treated with systemic therapy (P < 0.01). Prognosis was especially poor in patients with both low SLC2A1 and high VEGFA expression (P < 0.01). HIF1α expression was not associated with survival.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SLC2A1 and VEGFA expression are prognostic molecular biomarkers for patients with CRCLM with added value to established clinicopathological variables.
authors.affiliation: *Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands †Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands ‡Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands §Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Jeroen A C M
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Goos
authors.forename: Erienne M V
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: de Cuba
authors.forename: Veerle M H
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Coupé
authors.forename: Begoña
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Diosdado
authors.forename: Pien M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Delis-Van Diemen
authors.forename: Cemile
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Karga
authors.forename: Jeroen A M
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Beliën
authors.forename: C Willemien
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Menke-Van der Houven van Oordt
authors.forename: Albert A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Geldof
authors.forename: Gerrit A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Meijer
authors.forename: Otto S
authors.initials: OS
authors.lastname: Hoekstra
authors.forename: Remond J A
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Fijneman
mesh_terms: D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D051272:Glucose Transporter Type 1 / Q000032:analysis* / Q000096:biosynthesis; D006801:Humans; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit / Q000032:analysis* / Q000096:biosynthesis; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000401:mortality* / Q000556:secondary / Q000601:surgery*; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000032:analysis* / Q000096:biosynthesis
chemical_list: D051272:Glucose Transporter Type 1; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit; C495677:SLC2A1 protein, human; C467484:VEGFA protein, human; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A