title: Effects of defining realistic compositions of the ocular melanoma on proton therapy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Recent studies in eye plaque brachytherapy have shown a considerable difference between the dosimetric results using water phantom and a model of human eye containing realistic materials. In spite of this fact, there is a lack of simulation studies based on such a model in proton therapy literatures. In the presented work, the effect of utilizing an eye model with ocular media on proton therapy is investigated using the MCNPX Monte Carlo Code.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two different eye models are proposed to study the effect of defining realistic materials on dose deposition due to utilizing pencil beam scanning (PBS) method for proton therapy of ocular melanoma. The first model is filled with water, and the second one contains the realistic materials of tumor and vitreous. Spread out Bragg peaks (SOBP) are created to cover a typical tumor volume. Moreover, isodose curves are figured in order to evaluate planar variations of absorbed dose in two models.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results show that the maximum delivered dose in ocular media is approximately 12-32% more than in water phantom. Also it is found that using the optimized weighted beams in water phantom leads to disturbance of uniformity of SOBP in ocular media.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Similar to the results reported in eye brachytherapy published papers, considering the ocular media in simulation studies leads to a more realistic assessment of sufficiency of the designed proton beam in tissue. This effect is of special importance in creating SOBP, as well as in delivered dose in the tumor boundaries in proton pencil beam scanning method.
authors.affiliation: MSc Student in Applied Nuclear Physics, Department of Physics, KN Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Sh
authors.initials: Sh
authors.lastname: Keshazare
authors.affiliation: Associate Professor of Physics Department, Head of Nuclear Physics Group, Department of Physics, KN Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: S F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Masoudi
authors.affiliation: PhD Student in Applied Nuclear Physics, Department of Physics, KN Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: S Rasouli
keywords: Dosimetry; MCNPX; Proton therapy; SOBP; Uveal melanoma