title: Immunomodulatory Effects of Ethanolic Extract of Thyphonium flagelliforme (Lodd) Blume in Rats Induced by Cyclophosphamide.
abstract: The present study aimed to examine the immunomodulatory effect of ethanolic extract of Typhonium flagelliforme (Lodd) Blume in cyclophosphamide-treated rats. The immunomodulatory effects were determined by lymphocytes proliferation, phagocytic activity of macrophages, plasma cytokines of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1α, interleukin-10 levels, and killer T cells (CD8+ T cells) counts. The results showed that the administration of ethanolic extract of T flagelliforme reduced immunosupessive effect on lymphocyte proliferation, increase the number and phagocytic activity of macrophages in cyclophosphamide-treated rats. Moreover, the ethanolic extract of T flagelliforme also significantly (P < .05) improved the immune system activities especially the proliferation of CD8+T cells and reduced the suppressive effects on cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1α. In conclusion, the ethanolic extract of T flagelliforme has immunomodulatory properties in cyclophosphamide-treated rats. The results suggest that T flagelliforme can reduce immunosuppresive effect caused by a chemotherapeutic agent.
authors.affiliation: Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia ariefnr@ugm.ac.id.
authors.forename: Arief
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nurrochmad
authors.affiliation: Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
authors.forename: Muthi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ikawati
authors.affiliation: Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
authors.forename: Ika Puspita
authors.initials: IP
authors.lastname: Sari
authors.affiliation: Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
authors.forename: Retno
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Murwanti
authors.affiliation: Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
authors.forename: Agung Endro
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Nugroho
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D029064:Araceae; D018414:CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects*; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D003520:Cyclophosphamide / Q000009:adverse effects; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D000431:Ethanol; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects*; D010587:Phagocytosis / Q000187:drug effects; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D007155:Immunologic Factors; D010936:Plant Extracts; D000431:Ethanol; D003520:Cyclophosphamide
keywords: Typhonium flagelliforme; cyclophosphamide; immunomodulatory effect; rats