title: α-Amylase-assisted extraction of polysaccharides from Panax ginseng.
abstract: In this paper, α-amylase-assisted extraction was used to isolate the polysaccharide that remained in hot water-extracted ginseng. The yield of the polysaccharide was 9.0%, almost equal to that of the hot water-extracted polysaccharide. Using anion exchange and gel permeation chromatography, the polysaccharide was fractionated into a neutral polysaccharide fraction and six pectic fractions. The neutral fraction accounted for 76% of the polysaccharide and contained both amylopectin and amylose. The pectic polysaccharide fractions were identified to be arabinogalactan, type-I rhamnogalacturonan and homogalacturonan-type pectin by high-performance liquid chromatography, Fourier transform-infrared and nuclear magnetic resonance analysis. Structural and lymphocyte proliferation activity results showed that these polysaccharides were different from those extracted by hot water, indicating that ginseng contains complex polysaccharides with diverse structures, which results in its diverse pharmacological activities. The α-amylase-assisted extraction is a novel method for preparing ginseng polysaccharides and could be applied toward the further study and exploration of ginseng. These findings provide technical and theoretical support for ginseng pharmacology.
authors.affiliation: Jilin Province Key Laboratory on Chemistry and Biology of Natural Drugs in Changbai Mountain, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, PR China.
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Jilin Province Key Laboratory on Chemistry and Biology of Natural Drugs in Changbai Mountain, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, PR China.
authors.forename: Di
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Jilin Province Key Laboratory on Chemistry and Biology of Natural Drugs in Changbai Mountain, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, PR China.
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Ning
authors.affiliation: Jilin Province Key Laboratory on Chemistry and Biology of Natural Drugs in Changbai Mountain, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, PR China.
authors.forename: Guang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Jilin Province Key Laboratory on Chemistry and Biology of Natural Drugs in Changbai Mountain, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, PR China.
authors.forename: Ziheng
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: School of Physical Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, PR China.
authors.forename: Meihong
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.affiliation: Jilin Province Key Laboratory on Chemistry and Biology of Natural Drugs in Changbai Mountain, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, PR China. Electronic address: zhouyf383@nenu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Yifa
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhou
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001407:Bacillus / Q000201:enzymology; D066241:Carbon-13 Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D005591:Chemical Fractionation; D002850:Chromatography, Gel; D002852:Chromatography, Ion Exchange; D003208:Concanavalin A / Q000494:pharmacology; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D008970:Molecular Weight; D005894:Panax / Q000737:chemistry*; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology; D012995:Solubility; D013154:Spleen / Q000166:cytology; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry; D000516:alpha-Amylases / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D011134:Polysaccharides; D014867:Water; D003208:Concanavalin A; D000516:alpha-Amylases
keywords: Extraction; Panax ginseng; Pectin; Polysaccharide; α-Amylase