title: Genetic characterization of Toxoplasma gondii in Yunnan black goats (Capra hircus) in southwest China by PCR-RFLP.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Toxoplasma gondii is a protozoan parasite that infects almost all warm-blooded animals and human beings. Goats are one of the susceptible animals to T. gondii. However, little is known of genetic diversity of T. gondii in Yunnan black goats in China. The objective of this present study was to determine the genotypes of T. gondii isolates from black goats in Yunnan province, southwest China.
  
  
  METHODS
  Genomic DNA was extracted from liver (n = 403), lung (n = 403) and lymph nodes (n = 250) of Yunnan black goats and assayed for T. gondii infection by semi-nested PCR of B1 gene. Then, the positive DNA samples were typed at 10 genetic markers using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) technology. These markers include 9 nuclear loci, namely, SAG1, SAG2 (5'-SAG2 and 3'-SAG2, alternative SAG2), SAG3, BTUB, GRA6, c22-8, c29-2, L358, PK1, and an apicoplast locus Apico.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Out of 403 tested samples, 20 (4.96%) DNA samples were T. gondii positive by amplification of B1 gene. Among them, 2 isolates were genotyped at all loci, and 6 isolates were genotyped for 8 or more loci. In total, seven samples belong to ToxoDB PCR-RFLP genotype#10 (Type I), and one belongs to genotype ToxoDB #9.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  To our knowledge, this is the first report of ToxoDB#9 and ToxoDB#10 T. gondii in Yunnan black goats in China. These results revealed a wide distribution of these T. gondii in Yunnan black goats in China, which has important implications for public health.
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, 650201, PR China. miaoqiangcd@163.com.|State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730046, PR China. miaoqiangcd@163.com.
authors.forename: Qiang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Miao
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730046, PR China. siyang.huang@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Si-Yang
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730046, PR China. qinsiyuan0303@126.com.|College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130118, PR China. qinsiyuan0303@126.com.
authors.forename: Si-Yuan
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Qin
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, 650201, PR China. qaz3435@sina.com.
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, 650201, PR China. 1528106042@qq.com.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, 650201, PR China. jsc315@163.com.
authors.forename: Jian-Fa
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, 650201, PR China. xingquanzhu1@hotmail.com.|State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730046, PR China. xingquanzhu1@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Xing-Quan
authors.initials: XQ
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, 650201, PR China. zfc1207@vip.163.com.
authors.forename: Feng-Cai
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Zou
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002681:China; D014644:Genetic Variation; D005838:Genotype; D015511:Goat Diseases / Q000469:parasitology*; D006041:Goats; D012150:Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; D014122:Toxoplasma / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D014124:Toxoplasmosis, Animal / Q000469:parasitology*