title: Dosage assessment of valnemulin in pigs based on population pharmacokinetic and Monte Carlo simulation.
abstract: To estimate the valnemulin pharmacokinetic profile in a swine population and to assess a dosage regimen for increasing the likelihood of optimization. This study was, respectively, performed in 22 sows culled by p.o. administration and in 80 growing-finishing pigs by i.v. administration at a single dose of 10 mg/kg to develop a population pharmacokinetic model and Monte Carlo simulation. The relationships among the plasma concentration, dose, and time of valnemulin in pigs were illustrated as C(i,v) = X(0 )(8.4191 × 10(-4) × e(-0.2371t) + 1.2788 × 10(-5) × e(-0.0069t)) after i.v. and C(p.o) = X(0) (-8.4964 × 10(-4) × e(-0.5840t) + 8.4195 × e(-0.2371t) + 7.6869 × 10(-6) × e(-0.0069t)) after p.o. Monte Carlo simulation showed that T(>MIC) was more than 24 h when a single daily dosage at 13.5 mg/kg BW in pigs was administrated by p.o., and MIC was 0.031 mg/L. It was concluded that the current dosage regimen at 10-12 mg/kg BW led to valnemulin underexposure if the MIC was more than 0.031 mg/L and could increase the risk of treatment failure and/or drug resistance.
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.|Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.
authors.forename: L G
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.|Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.
authors.forename: Y Z
authors.initials: YZ
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.|Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.
authors.forename: Y X
authors.initials: YX
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.
authors.forename: X Y
authors.initials: XY
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.
authors.forename: L X
authors.initials: LX
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.
authors.forename: Y H
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D003198:Computer Simulation; D004224:Diterpenes / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D008297:Male; D008954:Models, Biological; D009010:Monte Carlo Method; D013552:Swine / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D004224:Diterpenes; C117845:valnemulin