title: Recent mycotoxin survey data and advanced mycotoxin detection techniques reported from China: a review.
abstract: Mycotoxin contamination in agro-food systems has been a serious concern over the last few decades in China, where the Ministry of Health has set maximum limits for mycotoxins in different agro-products. Overall survey data show that aflatoxin contamination in infant cereals, edible oils, raw milk, ginger and its related products are far below Chinese regulatory limits. The absence of aflatoxin M1 contamination in infant milk powders indicates a high standard of control. Aflatoxins in liquorice roots and lotus seeds have been reported for the first time. For deoxynivalenol, high levels were found in wheat grown in the Yangtze Delta region, which is more prone to rainfall, supporting Fusarium infection. The emerging mycotoxins beauvericins and enniatins have been reported in the medicinal herbs in China. Ochratoxin A in wine was below the European Union regulatory limits, but fumonisins in maize need to be monitored and future regulatory control considered. Overall from all the survey data analysed in this review, it can be concluded that 92% of the samples analysed had mycotoxin levels below the Chinese regulatory limits. In terms of detection techniques in recent years, immuno-based assays have been developed largely due to their excellent sensitivity and ease of use. Assays targeting multiple mycotoxins like aflatoxins, ochratoxin A, zearalenone and deoxynivalenol have been reported using microarrays and suspension arrays targeting in particular maize, rice and peanuts. Aptamer-based assays against ochratoxin A and aflatoxins B1 and B2 have been developed involving fluorescence detection; and surface plasmon resonance immunosensors have been developed targeting wine, maize, wheat, wild rye, hay and peanut oil with high sensitivity (> 0.025 ng l(-1)). Commercialisation of these technologies is much needed for wider usage in the coming years.
authors.affiliation: a Institute of Agro-Products Processing Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing , Ministry of Agriculture , Beijing , China.
authors.forename: Jonathan Nimal
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Selvaraj
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Lu
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Yueju
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Fuguo
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Xing
authors.forename: Xiaofeng
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Dai
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed / Q000382:microbiology; D000818:Animals; D052157:Aptamers, Nucleotide; D001628:Beverages / Q000382:microbiology; D015374:Biosensing Techniques; D002681:China; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000032:analysis; D005504:Food Analysis / Q000379:methods; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis; D005516:Food Microbiology; D005638:Fruit / Q000382:microbiology; D007118:Immunoassay; D008892:Milk / Q000382:microbiology; D009183:Mycotoxins / Q000032:analysis*; D045663:Quantum Dots; D014908:Triticum / Q000382:microbiology; D003313:Zea mays / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D052157:Aptamers, Nucleotide; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; D009183:Mycotoxins
keywords: China; aflatoxins; detection techniques; ochratoxins; patulin; survey; zearalenone