title: Comparison of child-parent and parent-only cognitive-behavioral therapy programs for anxious children aged 5 to 7 years: short- and long-term outcomes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Childhood anxiety disorders (AD) are prevalent, debilitating disorders. The most effective treatment approach for children less than 8 years old requires further investigation. The study's primary objective was to compare 2 cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) group programs. CBT was delivered to children 5 to 7 years old and their parents (child-parent) or only to parents (parent-only), whereas children attended group sessions but did not receive CBT.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using a prospective, repeated measures, longitudinal study design, 77 children (29 male, mean age = 6.8 years; SD = 0.8 year) with AD and their parents participated in either a 12-week child-parent or parent-only CBT group treatment after a 3-month no-treatment wait-time. Well-validated treatment outcome measures were completed at 5 assessment time points: initial assessment, pretreatment, immediately posttreatment, 6 months, and 12 months posttreatment. A mixed models analysis was used to assess change in AD severity and global functioning improvements from baseline within each treatment and between treatments.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No significant changes were noted in child-parent or parent-only treatment during the 3-month no-treatment wait time. Both treatments saw significant improvements posttreatment and at longer-term follow-up with significant reductions in AD severity measured by clinician and parent report and increases in global functioning. Significantly greater improvements were observed in the child-parent compared to the parent-only treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study suggests that both parent-only and child-parent group CBT improves AD severity in children 5 to 7 years old. Study results suggest that involvement of both children and parents in treatment is more efficacious than working with parents alone.
authors.affiliation: Hospital for Sick Children (HSC) and the University of Toronto in Toronto, Canada. Electronic address: suneeta.monga@sickkids.ca.
authors.forename: Suneeta
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Monga
authors.affiliation: Hospital for Sick Children (HSC) and the University of Toronto in Toronto, Canada.
authors.forename: Brittany N
authors.initials: BN
authors.lastname: Rosenbloom
authors.affiliation: HSC in Toronto, Canada.
authors.forename: Azadeh
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tanha
authors.affiliation: HSC in Toronto, Canada.
authors.forename: Mary
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Owens
authors.affiliation: University of Guelph in Guelph, Canada.
authors.forename: Arlene
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Young
mesh_terms: D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000628:therapy*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003071:Cognition; D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D005196:Family Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D010290:Parents / Q000523:psychology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012923:Social Class; D013995:Time; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: anxiety disorder; cognitive-behavioral therapy; long-term outcome; parental involvement; young children