title: Increased cardiac distribution of mono-PEGylated Radix Ophiopogonis polysaccharide in both myocardial infarction and ischemia/reperfusion rats.
abstract: Although PEGylation plays an important role in drug delivery, knowledge about the distribution behavior of PEGylated drugs in ischemic myocardia is rather limited compared to nanoparticles. This work therefore aims to characterize the targeting behavior of the anti-myocardial ischemic mono-PEGylated conjugates of Radix Ophiopogonis polysaccharide (ROP) in two clinically relevant animal models, ie, the myocardial infarction (MI) model and the ischemia/reperfusion (IR) model. To determine the effect of the molecular size of conjugates, two representative conjugates (20- and 40-kDa polyethylene glycol mono-modified ROPs), with hydrodynamic size being approximately and somewhat beyond 10 nm, respectively, were studied in parallel at three time points postdose after a method for determining them quantitatively in biosamples was established. The results showed that the cardiac distribution of the two conjugates was significantly enhanced in both MI and IR rats due to the enhanced permeability and retention effect induced by ischemia. In general, the cardiac targeting efficacy of the conjugates in MI and IR rats was approximately 2; however, different changing in targeting efficacy with time was observed between MI and IR rats and also between the conjugates. Although the enhanced permeability and retention effect-based targeting efficacy for mono-PEGylated ROPs was not high, they, as dissolved macromolecules, are prone to diffusion in the cardiac interstitium space, and thus, facilitate the drug to reach perfusion-deficient and nonperfused areas. These findings are helpful in choosing the cardiac targeting strategy.
authors.affiliation: College of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China ; Engineering Research Center of Modern Preparation Technology of TCM of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: ChunXia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.affiliation: College of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: XiaoLi
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: College of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China ; Engineering Research Center of Modern Preparation Technology of TCM of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xiao
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: College of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Lan
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.affiliation: Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: DeSheng
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Engineering Research Center of Modern Preparation Technology of TCM of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Feng
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000378:metabolism*; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism; D031441:Ophiopogon / Q000737:chemistry*; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000737:chemistry*; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D051381:Rats; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; D011134:Polysaccharides; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols
keywords: Radix Ophiopogonis polysaccharide; heart distribution; myocardial ischemia; polyethylene glycol