title: Impact of S fertilizers on pore-water Cu dynamics and transformation in a contaminated paddy soil with various flooding periods.
abstract: Impact of S fertilization on Cu mobility and transformation in contaminated paddy soils has been little reported. In this study, we investigated the dynamics and transformation of dissolved and colloidal Cu in the pore water of a contaminated paddy soil after applying ammonium sulphate (AS) and sulfur coated urea (SCU) with various flooding periods (1, 7 and 60 days). Compared to the control soil, the AS-treated soil released more colloidal and dissolved Cu over the entire flooding period, while the SCU-treated soil had lower colloidal Cu after 7-day flooding but higher colloidal and dissolved Cu after 60-day flooding. Microscopic X-ray fluorescence (μ-XRF) analysis found a close relationship between Fe and Cu distribution on soil colloids after 60-day flooding, implying the formation of colloidal Fe/Cu sulphide coprecipitates. Cu K-edge X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy directly revealed the transformation of outer-sphere complexed Cu(II) species to Cu(II) sulphide and reduced Cu2O in the colloids of S-treated soils after 60-day flooding. These results demonstrated the great influence of S fertilization on pore-water Cu mobility by forming Cu sulphide under flooding conditions, which facilitated our understanding and control of Cu loss in contaminated paddy soils under S fertilization.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China, 310058; Department of Plant and Soil Science, Delaware Environmental Institute, University of Delaware, Newark, Delware, USA, 19711.
authors.forename: Jianjun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China, 310058.
authors.forename: Shenhai
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China, 310058.
authors.forename: Cuiqing
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China, 310058.
authors.forename: Lijuan
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China, 310058.
authors.forename: Jin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China, 310058. Electronic address: shijiyan@zju.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Jiyan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shi
mesh_terms: D000645:Ammonium Sulfate / Q000737:chemistry*; D003300:Copper / Q000737:chemistry*; D005308:Fertilizers; D055868:Floods; D012275:Oryza; D016062:Porosity; D013455:Sulfur / Q000737:chemistry; D014508:Urea / Q000737:chemistry*; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D005308:Fertilizers; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D014867:Water; D013455:Sulfur; D003300:Copper; D014508:Urea; D000645:Ammonium Sulfate
keywords: Flooding conditions; Heavy metal; Sulfur; XANES; μ-XRF