title: Differences in food intake and nutritional habits between Spanish adolescents who engage in ski activity and those who do not.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Increasing obesity among adolescents in the industrialized world may result from poor nutritional habits and inadequate exercise.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine differences in food intake, nutritional habits, and body mass index between Spanish adolescents who engage in ski activity and those who do not.
  
  
  METHODS
  A socio-demographic survey, food frequency questionnaire, 24-hr dietary recall, and physical activity questionnaire were completed by 300 Spanish schoolchildren aged 10 to 18 yrs. RESULTS were compared (Student's t, chi-square and Fisher's exact test) between adolescents engaged (SP) and not engaged (N-SP) in skiing according to their sex.
  
  
  RESULTS
  SP adolescents devoted > 4 h/day to physical activity versus < 1 h for N-SP adolescents. No significant differences were found in nutrient intake or nutritional habits between SP and N-SP adolescents. Protein and fat intakes of both groups were above recommended levels. A higher proportion of N-SP than SP males were overweight. Logistic regression analysis showed that the maintenance of a normal weight was favored by the practice of skiing, the consumption of sugar-free drinks, and supplementation with vitamins/mineral salts and was negatively associated with body weight dissatisfaction, intake of nutritional supplements other than vitamins or minerals, and the consumption of snacks.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The diet of this adolescent population was poorly balanced. Engagement in physical activity appears to be a key factor in maintaining a healthy body mass index.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Research Group Nutrition, Diet and Risk Assessment (AGR-255), University of Granada. Spain. Department of Food Technology, Nutrition and Food Science, University of Murcia, Spain.. mariscal@um.es.
authors.forename: Miguel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mariscal-Arcas
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Research Group Nutrition, Diet and Risk Assessment (AGR-255), University of Granada. Spain.. celiams@ugr.es.
authors.forename: Celia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Monteagudo
authors.affiliation: Escuela de Educación Física y Deportes, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica.. jesseniahernandez@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Jessenia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hernandez-Elizondo
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Research Group Nutrition, Diet and Risk Assessment (AGR-255), University of Granada. Spain.. samirabenh@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Samira
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Benhammou
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Research Group Nutrition, Diet and Risk Assessment (AGR-255), University of Granada. Spain.. mluisa@ugr.es.
authors.forename: M Luisa
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Lorenzo
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Research Group Nutrition, Diet and Risk Assessment (AGR-255), University of Granada. Spain.. folea@ugr.es.
authors.forename: Fatima
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Olea-Serrano
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002648:Child; D004435:Eating; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009043:Motor Activity; D012737:Sex Factors; D012865:Skiing / Q000502:physiology*; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013030:Spain / Q000453:epidemiology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires