title: Calotropis procera extract induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase in human skin melanoma (SK-MEL-2) cells.
abstract: Calotropis procera (family: Asclepiadaceae) contains cardiac glycosides which are cytotoxic to cancer cells. The extracts of C. procera have been reported to be cytotoxic to many cancer cell lines and this is the first report against the human skin melanoma cells (SK-MEL-2). The SK-MEL-2 cells treated with C. procera methanolic extract (CPME) were analysed for growth inhibition and apoptosis. The exposure of phosphatidylserine in apoptotic SK-MEL-2 was analysed by using the Annexin-V FITC flow cytometry method. In CPME-treated SK-MEL-2 cells, 19.6% of apoptotic and 58.3% dead cells were observed. The 15.97% and 15.85% of early apoptotic cells were found at 20 μg/mL of the ouabain and paclitaxel, respectively. Active caspases, nuclear degradation confirmed apoptotic SK-MEL-2 cells in time- and dose-dependent manner. The cell cycle analysis shows that CPME treated cells halt at G2/M phase. Significant cytotoxic activity of CPME against SK-MEL-2 may be attributed to its high cardenolide content.
authors.affiliation: a Deogiri College, Centre for Advanced Life Sciences , Aurangabad , Maharashtra 43100 , India.
authors.forename: Aparna L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Joshi
authors.affiliation: a Deogiri College, Centre for Advanced Life Sciences , Aurangabad , Maharashtra 43100 , India.
authors.forename: Pratiksha H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Roham
authors.affiliation: a Deogiri College, Centre for Advanced Life Sciences , Aurangabad , Maharashtra 43100 , India.
authors.forename: Rooth
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mhaske
authors.affiliation: a Deogiri College, Centre for Advanced Life Sciences , Aurangabad , Maharashtra 43100 , India.
authors.forename: Mahadev
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jadhav
authors.affiliation: a Deogiri College, Centre for Advanced Life Sciences , Aurangabad , Maharashtra 43100 , India.
authors.forename: Kavitha
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Krishnadas
authors.affiliation: b Modern College of Pharmacy , Moshi, Pune 412105 , India.
authors.forename: Amol
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kharat
authors.affiliation: c KET's V.G. Vaze College , Mulund, Mumbai 400081 , India.
authors.forename: Bhagyashree
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hardikar
authors.affiliation: a Deogiri College, Centre for Advanced Life Sciences , Aurangabad , Maharashtra 43100 , India.
authors.forename: Kiran R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Kharat
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D031107:Calotropis / Q000737:chemistry*; D020169:Caspases / Q000378:metabolism; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor / Q000187:drug effects; D053938:DNA Fragmentation; D059565:G2 Phase Cell Cycle Checkpoints / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D008545:Melanoma / Q000473:pathology; D010718:Phosphatidylserines / Q000032:analysis; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012878:Skin Neoplasms; D000096142:Cutaneous Malignant Melanoma
chemical_list: D010718:Phosphatidylserines; D010936:Plant Extracts; D020169:Caspases
keywords: Calotropis procera; SK-MEL-2; cardenolides; skin melanoma cells