title: The evolution of nanopore sequencing.
abstract: The "$1000 Genome" project has been drawing increasing attention since its launch a decade ago. Nanopore sequencing, the third-generation, is believed to be one of the most promising sequencing technologies to reach four gold standards set for the "$1000 Genome" while the second-generation sequencing technologies are bringing about a revolution in life sciences, particularly in genome sequencing-based personalized medicine. Both of protein and solid-state nanopores have been extensively investigated for a series of issues, from detection of ionic current blockage to field-effect-transistor (FET) sensors. A newly released protein nanopore sequencer has shown encouraging potential that nanopore sequencing will ultimately fulfill the gold standards. In this review, we address advances, challenges, and possible solutions of nanopore sequencing according to these standards.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Yue
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Qiuping
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Zhimin
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
keywords: DNA ratcheting; field-effect-transistor (FET) nanopore sensor; gold standards; ionic current blockage; multiplexing detection; nanopore sequencing; sequencing by tunneling; third-generation sequencing