title: Breastfeeding infants with congenital torticollis.
abstract: Infants with unilateral sternocleidomastoid tension and associated craniofacial, spinal, and hip asymmetries may feed poorly. Anatomic and muscular asymmetry stress both biomechanics and state control, increasing the potential for difficulty latching and sucking. A combination of positioning modifications to allow the infant to maintain his or her comfortable head tilt and turn, supportive techniques to restore alignment of oral structures, and handling techniques to help activate the weak contralateral muscles have been effective in the author's practice. Lactation consultants can promote positioning and muscle activation strategies and encourage physical therapy referrals for infants who do not respond promptly to reduce the risk of craniofacial deformity and developmental problems.
authors.affiliation: Private practice, New York, NY, USA cwgenna@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Catherine Watson
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Genna
mesh_terms: D001942:Breast Feeding; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008334:Mandible / Q000002:abnormalities*; D009730:Nursing Assessment; D011247:Pregnancy; D013391:Sucking Behavior; D014103:Torticollis / Q000151:congenital / Q000451:nursing / Q000503:physiopathology*
keywords: breast refusal; breastfeeding; craniofacial asymmetry; sucking behavior; torticollis