title: Mealtime exposure to food advertisements while watching television increases food intake in overweight and obese girls but has a paradoxical effect in boys.
abstract: Food advertisements (ads) in TV programs influence food choice and have been associated with higher energy intake from snacks in children; however, their effects at mealtime have not been reported. Therefore, we measured energy intake at a pizza meal consumed by normal weight (NW) and overweight/obese (OW/OB) children (aged 9-14 years) while they watched a TV program with or without food ads and following pre-meal consumption of a sweetened beverage with or without calories. NW and OW/OB boys (experiment 1, n = 27) and girls (experiment 2, n = 23) were randomly assigned to consume equally sweetened drinks containing glucose (1.0 g/kg body weight) or sucralose (control). Food intake was measured 30 min later while children watched a program containing food or nonfood ads. Appetite was measured before (0-30 min) and after (60 min) the meal. Both boys and girls reduced energy intake at the meal in compensation for energy in the glucose beverage (p < 0.05). Food ads resulted in further compensation (51%) in boys but not in girls. Food ads increased energy intake at the meal (9%; p = 0.03) in OW/OB girls only. In conclusion, the effects of TV programs with food ads on mealtime energy intake and response to pre-meal energy consumption in children differ by sex and body mass index.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E2, Canada.
authors.forename: G Harvey
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: Shokoufeh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Khodabandeh
authors.forename: Barkha
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.forename: Bohdan L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Luhovyy
authors.forename: Nick
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bellissimo
authors.forename: Rebecca C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Mollard
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000329:Advertising / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D002648:Child; D002755:Choice Behavior; D004435:Eating / Q000523:psychology*; D002149:Energy Intake; D005247:Feeding Behavior / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D005518:Food Preferences / Q000523:psychology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D062407:Meals / Q000523:psychology*; D009765:Obesity / Q000523:psychology; D050177:Overweight / Q000523:psychology*; D012737:Sex Factors; D013690:Television
keywords: appetite; appétit; children; compensation; enfants; soif; thirst