title: Nuts and bolts: dimensions of commonly utilized screws in upper extremity surgery.
abstract: A plethora of screw designs and sizes are available from multiple companies for use in upper extremity surgery. Knowing the dimensions of screws is critical in the treatment of bone of varying dimensions for fractures, osteotomies, or arthrodeses. Although many screws are named by their major thread diameter, this is not always true. Because of this confusing nomenclature and vast number of options, we sought to review the most commonly used screws and codify their dimensions into a readily available article and reference chart. This article highlights the basic dimensions of commonly used headless screws, stand-alone lag screws, non-locking and locking screws for plating, and biocomposite screws. Commonly described treatments using these screws include fixation of elbow, wrist, carpal, metacarpal, and phalangeal fractures and osteotomies, as well as arthrodeses of upper extremity joints. This article and its tables are by no means exhaustive of all commercially available implants. The focus is on the most commonly used implants in the United States as of 2014.
authors.affiliation: Stanford University Medical Center, Redwood City, CA.
authors.forename: Nathan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Douglass
authors.affiliation: Stanford University Medical Center, Redwood City, CA. Electronic address: yao_jeffrey@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Jeffrey
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yao
mesh_terms: D001132:Arm / Q000601:surgery*; D001174:Arthrodesis / Q000295:instrumentation*; D001863:Bone Screws / Q000145:classification*; D004867:Equipment Design; D005593:Fracture Fixation, Internal / Q000295:instrumentation*; D006225:Hand / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D010027:Osteotomy / Q000295:instrumentation*; D009626:Terminology as Topic
keywords: Screws; cannulated screws; distal radius fracture; metacarpal fracture; phalanx fracture