title: Malaria incidence and assessment of entomological indices among resettled communities in Ethiopia: a longitudinal study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Population resettlement has been considered among factors that may increase risk of malaria transmission. This study reports, the impact of resettlement on malaria incidence and entomological indices among communities resettled in suburbs of Jimma town, southwestern Ethiopia.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cohort of 604 study participants (302 resettlers and 302 non-resettlers) was monthly followed-up from September to November 2013 using active case detection. Moreover, longitudinal entomological study was conducted from June to November 2013. Anopheline mosquitoes were collected using CDC light traps and pyrethrum spray catches. Sporozoite ELISA was performed to determine Plasmodium infection rates.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, 112 malaria cases were recorded during the three-month follow-up, of which 74.1% of the cases were from resettlement villages. Plasmodium falciparum incidence from resettlement and non-resettlement villages was 52.5 and 14.5/1,000 person-months at risk, respectively. Resettlement villages were three times at higher risk of Plasmodium infection (OR = 2.8, 95% CI: 1.22-6.48). Anopheles gambiae s.l. was the predominant (86.6%) of all the collected anopheline mosquito species. Plasmodium sporozoite rate in the resettlement and non-resettlement villages was 2.1 and 0.72%, respectively. Plasmodium falciparum entomological inoculation rate (EIR) for An. gambiae s.l. in the resettlement and non-resettlement villages was 13.1 and 0 infective bites/person/night, respectively. Both sporozoite rate and EIR were significantly higher in the resettlement villages (p < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Resettled communities were at higher risk of malaria infection as compared to non-resettled communities. Special attention should be given to malaria control interventions during resettlement programmes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences and Pathology, College of Public Health and Medical Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia. teshedege@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Teshome
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Degefa
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences and Pathology, College of Public Health and Medical Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia. ayyurayyan@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Ahmed
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zeynudin
authors.affiliation: Department of Sociology, College of Social Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia. ameyu.godesso@ju.edu.et.
authors.forename: Ameyu
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Godesso
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Services Management, College of Public Health and Medical Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia. yohmis2006@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Yohannes Haile
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Michael
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Health and Technology, College of Public Health and Medical Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia. kasahun.eba@ju.edu.et.
authors.forename: Kasahun
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Eba
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences and Pathology, College of Public Health and Medical Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia. endalew2005@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Endalew
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Zemene
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences and Pathology, College of Public Health and Medical Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia. dani2007aga@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Emana
authors.affiliation: Department of Statistics, College of Natural Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia. belaya.birlie@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Belay
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Birlie
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Services Management, College of Public Health and Medical Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia. kora.tushune@ju.edu.et.
authors.forename: Kora
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tushune
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences and Pathology, College of Public Health and Medical Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia. delenasawye@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Delenasaw
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Yewhalaw
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D000852:Anopheles / Q000502:physiology*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005002:Ethiopia / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D063426:Human Migration; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007303:Insect Vectors / Q000502:physiology*; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008288:Malaria / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000635:transmission*; D008297:Male; D055815:Young Adult