title: Assessment of residual alveolar bone volume in hemodialysis patients using CBCT.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The study aims to assess the residual alveolar bone volume in Chinese chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD) using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).
  
  
  METHODS
  Two hundred and eight HD patients and healthy controls were enrolled to undergo CBCT examination. To evaluate residual alveolar bone volume, bone height was measured from the alveolar crest (AC) to the maxillary sinus floor or the mandibular nerve canal, whereas bone width was measured at a depth of 1.0, 3.0, and 6.0 mm apical to the AC.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no significant difference in demographics and the extent of tooth loss between HD patients and control group. Both groups showed abundant residual bone volume. However, the heights of residual alveolar bone at the upper premolars and first molar in HD patients were significantly lower than those of the control group (p < 0.05). No significant difference was observed for alveolar bone at the lower premolars and molars. The bone width showed statistical differences for HD patients' upper second molars, lower first premolars, and second molars (p < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  While the residual bone was sufficient for implant placement, HD patients exhibited with significantly lower residual bone height at the sites of the upper premolars and first molar and varied residual bone width depending on the location.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Owing to these changes, special cautions need to be taken for patients undergoing HD or with chronically impaired renal functions during implant treatment planning.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Implantology, National Clinical Key Specialty, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Xiaolei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yue
authors.forename: Weiqing
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Anchun
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mo
authors.forename: Haiyang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Quan
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Yuan
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000540:Alveolar Ridge Augmentation / Q000379:methods*; D054893:Cone-Beam Computed Tomography / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D006435:Renal Dialysis / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods