title: Clinical significance of estrogen receptor β in breast and prostate cancer from biological aspects.
abstract: Breast and prostate cancers are among the most common of all cancers. They are referred to as hormone-dependent cancers, because estrogen and androgen are involved in their development and growth. The effects of these hormones are mediated by their respective receptors, estrogen receptor (ER) α and androgen receptor. Around 18 years ago, a second ER, ERβ, which has a very similar structure to ERα, was discovered. Its function has been investigated using a variety of methods and biological systems, leading to our present understanding that ERβ can interact with or inhibit ERα and androgen receptor function directly and/or indirectly, suppress cell growth, and influence responsiveness to endocrine therapy. In order to apply the "inhibition of cell growth" function to cancer treatment, several specific ERβ agonists have been synthesized and are being tested for effectiveness in cancer treatment. We need to keep our eyes on ERβ.
authors.affiliation: Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan; Department of Endocrinological and Breast Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan; Department of Breast Surgery, Tanabe Central Hospital, Kyotanabe, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Omoto
authors.forename: Hirotaka
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Iwase
mesh_terms: D000728:Androgens / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000235:genetics; D002471:Cell Transformation, Neoplastic / Q000235:genetics; D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D047629:Estrogen Receptor beta / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D004967:Estrogens / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D061986:MCF-7 Cells; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000728:Androgens; C506487:ESR1 protein, human; D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha; D047629:Estrogen Receptor beta; D004967:Estrogens
keywords: Breast cancer; estrogen receptor alpha; estrogen receptor beta; hormone therapy; prostate cancer