title: β-NaGdF4 nanotubes: one-pot synthesis and luminescence properties.
abstract: Hexagonal-phase NaGdF4 nanotubes were successfully fabricated through a template- and catalyst-free method in a hydrothermal environment. The intrinsic and external factors contributing to the formation of tubular nanocrystals were discussed, namely the anisotropic crystal structure of the hexagonal-phase NaGdF4 and the insufficient supply of reagents. Furthermore, the addition of ethylene glycol and hydrazine had a significant effect on the morphological variation. The desirable multicolor outputs were achieved by co-doping Ce(3+) and Ln(3+) (Ln = Eu, Tb, and Dy) ions in the NaGdF4 crystal, in which the Gd(3+) ions acted as an intermediate medium transforming the excitation energy to the activator ions. Finally, the upconversion luminescence and magnetic performance of the sodium rare earth fluoride were demonstrated.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China. hpyou@ciac.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Qi
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Baiqi
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Shao
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Lü
authors.forename: Wenzhen
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Lv
authors.forename: Mengmeng
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jiao
authors.forename: Lingfei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Hongpeng
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: You