title: Novel pH-sensitive IPNs of polyacrylamide-g-gum ghatti and sodium alginate for gastro-protective drug delivery.
abstract: This article reports the development of pH-sensitive interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) microbeads using polyacrylamide-grafted-gum ghatti (PAAm-g-GG) and sodium alginate (SA) for gastro-protective controlled delivery of ketoprofen. We have synthesized PAAm-grafted-GG copolymer under microwave irradiation using cerric ammonium nitrate as reaction initiator; further, the PAAm-g-GG was converted to pH-sensitive copolymer through alkaline hydrolysis. Sophisticated instrumentation techniques were used to characterize PAAm-g-GG. The IPN microbeads of PAAm-g-GG and SA, pre-loaded with ketoprofen were prepared by dual crosslinking using Ca(2+) ions and glutaraldehyde (GA). The IPN microbeads demonstrated excellent pH-sensitive behavior as noted in the pulsatile swelling test and scanning electron microscopy. IPN microbeads also showed larger amount of drug release in buffer solution of pH 7.4 as compared to drug release in solution of pH 1.2. The in vivo pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic and stomach histopathology studies conducted on wistar rats confirmed the pH-sensitive controlled release of ketoprofen; IPN microbeads retarded the drug release in stomach resulting in reduced adverse effects of ketoprofen.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, BLDEA's College of Pharmacy, BLDE University Campus, Bijapur 586 103, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Rashmi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Boppana
authors.affiliation: Centre for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Kukatpally 500 585, Hyderabad, India.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Krishna Mohan
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal 576 104, India.
authors.forename: Usha
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Nayak
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal 576 104, India.
authors.forename: Srinivas
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mutalik
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India.
authors.forename: Biswanath
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sa
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, BLDEA's College of Pharmacy, BLDE University Campus, Bijapur 586 103, Karnataka, India. Electronic address: pharma_75raghu@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Raghavendra V
authors.initials: RV
authors.lastname: Kulkarni
mesh_terms: D000180:Acrylic Resins / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry*; D000464:Alginates / Q000737:chemistry*; D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D065546:Drug Liberation; D020723:Glucuronic Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D006603:Hexuronic Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007660:Ketoprofen / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D008863:Microspheres; D053149:Plant Gums / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry*; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry*; D020011:Protective Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D066244:Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D013270:Stomach / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D013818:Thermogravimetry; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction; D000099166:Polyacrylamides
chemical_list: D000180:Acrylic Resins; D000464:Alginates; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D020723:Glucuronic Acid; D006603:Hexuronic Acids; D007660:Ketoprofen; D053149:Plant Gums; D011108:Polymers; D020011:Protective Agents; D000099166:Polyacrylamides; C015253:gum ghatti
keywords: Drug targeting; Gastro-protective; Graft copolymer; In vivo studies; Interpenetrating polymer network