title: Transfer and effects of 1,2,3,5,7-pentachloronaphthalene in an experimental food chain.
abstract: Polychlorinated naphthalenes are environmentally relevant compounds that are measured in biota at concentrations in the μg/kg lipid range. Despite their widespread occurrence, literature data on the accumulation and effects of these compounds in aquatic ecosystems are sparsely available. The goal of this study was to gain insights into the biomagnification and effects of 1,2,3,5,7-pentachloronaphthalene (PeCN52) in an experimental food chain consisting of benthic worms and juvenile rainbow trout. Worms were contaminated with PeCN52 by passive dosing from polydimethylsiloxane silicone. The contaminated worms were then used to feed the juvenile rainbow trout at 0.12, 0.25 or 0.50 μg/g fish wet weight/day, and the resulting internal whole-body concentrations of the individual fish were linked to biological responses. A possible involvement of the cellular detoxification system was explored by measuring PeCN52-induced expression of the phase I biotransformation enzyme gene cyp1a1 and the ABC transporter gene abcb1a. At the end of the 28-day study, biomagnification factors were similar for all dietary intake levels with values between 0.5 and 0.7 kg lipid(fish)/kg lipid(worm). The average uptake efficiency of 60% indicated that a high amount of PeCN52 was transferred from the worms to the fish. Internal concentrations of up to 175 mg/kg fish lipid in the highest treatment level did not result in effects on survival, behavior, or growth of the juvenile trout, but were associated with the induction of phase I metabolism which was evident from the significant up-regulation of cyp1a1 expression in the liver. In contrast, no changes were seen in abcb1a transcript levels.
authors.affiliation: ECT Oekotoxikologie GmbH, Boettgerstrasse 2-14, 65439 Floersheim/Main, Germany; Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Department Aquatic Ecotoxicology, Max-von-Laue-Str. 13, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany. Electronic address: tineke.slootweg@hetwaterlaboratorium.nl.
authors.forename: Tineke
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Slootweg
authors.affiliation: Centre for Fish and Wildlife Health, University of Bern, Post Box 8466, 3001 Bern, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Helmut
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Segner
authors.affiliation: Aarhus University, Department of Environmental Science, Frederiksborgvej 399, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark.
authors.forename: Philipp
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mayer
authors.affiliation: Aarhus University, Department of Environmental Science, Frederiksborgvej 399, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark.
authors.forename: Kilian
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.affiliation: Saint-Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya 7/9, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia.
authors.forename: Elizaveta
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Igumnova
authors.affiliation: Saint-Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya 7/9, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia; Institution of Russian Academy of Sciences Saint-Petersburg Scientific-Research Centre for Ecological Safety RAS (SRCES RAS), Korpusnaya ul., 18, 197110 St. Petersburg, Russia.
authors.forename: Vladimir
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Nikiforov
authors.affiliation: Slovak Medical University, Department of Toxic Organic Pollutants, Limbova 12, 833 03 Bratislava, Slovakia.
authors.forename: Milena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dömötörová
authors.affiliation: Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Department Aquatic Ecotoxicology, Max-von-Laue-Str. 13, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany.
authors.forename: Jörg
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Oehlmann
authors.affiliation: ECT Oekotoxikologie GmbH, Boettgerstrasse 2-14, 65439 Floersheim/Main, Germany.
authors.forename: Markus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Liebig
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019363:Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D020387:Food Chain; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic / Q000187:drug effects; D009281:Naphthalenes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D009835:Oligochaeta / Q000378:metabolism*; D017686:Oncorhynchus mykiss / Q000378:metabolism*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D009281:Naphthalenes; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D019363:Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1
keywords: ABCB1; CYP1A1; Dietary exposure; Juvenile growth test; Passive dosing; Polychlorinated naphthalenes; Rainbow trout