title: Endoscopic versus open approach of bladder cuff and distal ureter in the management of upper urinary tract transitional cell carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Nephroureterectomy with the removal of the ipsilateral ureteral orifice and bladder cuff en bloc remains the gold standard treatment for upper urinary tract urothelial cancer. The distal ureter can be removed with the open surgical technique or endoscopic approach. We compared the outcomes of the endoscopic approach with those of conventional open surgery on the distal ureter.
  
  
  METHODS
  We collected data from the charts of 30 patients who underwent radical nephroureterectomy at our clinic from January 1997 to January 2007 for upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma. The patients were divided into two groups according to procedure performed on the distal ureter. Group I (n:12) was comprised of patients who underwent an open surgical procedure, and group II (n:18), was comprised of patients who underwent an endoscopic approach. Both groups were compared in terms of operative time, blood loss, transurethral catheter duration and duration of hospital stay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patient age and tumor location showed no significant differences between the two groups. The operative time was significantly longer in group I than group II (181 versus 128 minutes; p<0.05). On the other hand, the estimated blood loss, transurethral catheter duration and duration of hospital stay were significantly lower in group II (205 mL versus 435 mL, 5 versus 8.5 days and 5.6 versus 9.2 days, respectively; p <0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of our study show that the endoscopic approach is less invasive than open surgery on the distal ureter. This procedure can easily be performed in the management of upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma.
authors.affiliation: Atatürk University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Urology, Erzurum, Turkey.
authors.forename: Turgut
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yapanoglu
authors.affiliation: Atatürk University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Urology, Erzurum, Turkey.
authors.forename: Huseyin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kocaturk
authors.affiliation: Atatürk University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Urology, Erzurum, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ozkan
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Polat
authors.affiliation: Atatürk University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Urology, Erzurum, Turkey.
authors.forename: Azam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Demirel
authors.affiliation: Atatürk University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Urology, Erzurum, Turkey.
authors.forename: Guray
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Okyar
keywords: Distal ureter; Endoscopic approach; Open surgery; Urothelial carcinoma