title: The effect of renal denervation on kidney oxygenation as determined by BOLD MRI in patients with hypertension.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Renal denervation (RDN) is a promising therapy for resistant hypertension. RDN is assumed to decrease sympathetic activity. Consequently, RDN can potentially increase renal oxygenation. Blood oxygen level-dependent MRI (BOLD-MRI) provides a non-invasive tool to determine renal oxygenation in humans. The aim of the current study was to investigate the effect of RDN on renal oxygenation as determined by BOLD-MRI.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with resistant hypertension or the inability to follow a stable drug regimen due to unacceptable side effects were included. BOLD-MRI was performed before and 12 months after RDN. Twenty-seven patients were imaged on 3 T and 19 on 1.5 T clinical MRI systems.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifty-four patients were included, 46 patients (23 men, mean age 57 years) completed the study. Mean 24-h BP changed from 163(±20)/98(±14) mmHg to 154(±22)/92(±13) mmHg (p = 0.001 and p < 0.001). eGFR did not change after RDN [77(±18) vs. 79(±20) mL/min/1.73 m(2); p = 0.13]. RDN did not affect renal oxygenation [1.5 T: cortical R2*: 12.5(±0.9) vs. 12.5(±0.9), p = 0.94; medullary R2*: 19.6(±1.7) vs. 19.3(1.4), p = 0.40; 3 T: cortical R2*: 18.1(±0.8) vs. 17.8(±1.2), p = 0.47; medullary R2*: 27.4(±1.9) vs. 26.7(±1.8), p = 0.19].
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The current study shows that RDN does not lead to changes in renal oxygenation 1 year after RDN as determined by BOLD-MRI.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  • Renal denervation significantly decreased ambulatory blood pressure. • Renal denervation did not change renal oxygenation as determined by BOLD-MRI. • Absence of a change in renal oxygenation might be explained by autoregulation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, University Medical Center Utrecht, P.O. Box 85500, 3508, GA, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: E E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Vink
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Boer
authors.forename: W L
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Verloop
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Spiering
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Voskuil
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Vonken
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Hoogduin
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Leiner
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Bots
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Blankestijn
mesh_terms: D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D018660:Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory; D005260:Female; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000097:blood / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D007668:Kidney / Q000294:innervation / Q000502:physiology; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012119:Respiration; D013562:Sympathectomy / Q000379:methods*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D010100:Oxygen