title: Muscle weakness in treatment of palmar hyperhidrosis with botulinum toxin type a: can it be prevented?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Palmar hyperhidrosis is a chronic disorder, resistant to conventional treatment. Clinical studies suggest the effectiveness of botulinum toxin A in the treatment of primary palmar hyperhidrosis.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the efficacy of botulinum toxin A in the therapy of palmar hyperhidrosis and the frequency of incurred muscle weakness.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four hundred seventy-four patients with palmar hyperhidrosis were enrolled in the study. The Hyperhidrosis Disease Severity Scale (HDSS) and the Minor-iodine starch test were chosen to assess the disease severity. In addition, a physician's global assessment scale was used to evaluate the effectiveness of the treatment with BTX-A.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 312 females and 162 males aged 19-48 (mean 29 years). The improvement following the injection at two weeks and at one, three, six and nine months, as evaluated by physicians, was 82%, 83%, 74%, 48% and 28%, respectively. Two hundred and seventy five patients reported local pain and muscle weakness occurred in 102 patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  BTX-A led to the reduction of disease severity while transient side effects were reported.
authors.forename: Anargyros
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kouris
authors.forename: Charitomeni
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Vavouli
authors.forename: Vasiliki
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Markantoni
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kontochristopoulos
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006945:Hyperhidrosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D007267:Injections; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018908:Muscle Weakness / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000517:prevention & control; D009465:Neuromuscular Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010146:Pain / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D009465:Neuromuscular Agents; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A