title: Emerging enzymes for ATP regeneration in biocatalytic processes.
abstract: Adenosine-5'-triphosphate-dependent enzyme catalysed reactions are widespread in nature. Consequently, the enzymes involved have an intrinsic potential for use in syntheses of high value products. Although regeneration systems for ATP starting from adenosine-5'-diphosphate are available, certain limitations exist for both in vitro and in vivo applications requiring ATP regeneration from adenosine-5'-monophosphate, or adenosine. Following a short overview of the chemical and thermodynamic background, this Minireview focuses on emerging enzymes and methodologies for ATP regeneration. A large range of as yet unexploited reactions will be accessible with new, powerful, multistep ATP regeneration systems that use cheap phosphate donors and provide high longevity, compatibility, and robustness under process conditions. Their potential might go far beyond the direct use of ATP in enzymatic reactions; enzyme discovery, and engineering, as well as immobilisation strategies, will help to realise such systems.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Freiburg, Albertstrasse 25, 79104 Freiburg (Germany). jennifer.andexer@pharmazie.uni-freiburg.de.
authors.forename: Jennifer N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Andexer
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Richter
mesh_terms: D000244:Adenosine Diphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism*; D055162:Biocatalysis; D004798:Enzymes / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism*; D004800:Enzymes, Immobilized / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D010710:Phosphates / Q000378:metabolism; D015202:Protein Engineering / Q000379:methods; D013816:Thermodynamics
chemical_list: D004798:Enzymes; D004800:Enzymes, Immobilized; D010710:Phosphates; D000244:Adenosine Diphosphate; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate
keywords: biocatalysis; cofactors; kinases; phosphoryl transfer; polyphosphates