title: Glutathionylspermidine in the modification of protein SH groups: the enzymology and its application to study protein glutathionylation.
abstract: Cysteine is very susceptible to reactive oxygen species. In response; posttranslational thiol modifications such as reversible disulfide bond formation have arisen as protective mechanisms against undesired in vivo cysteine oxidation. In Gram-negative bacteria a major defense mechanism against cysteine overoxidation is the formation of mixed protein disulfides with low molecular weight thiols such as glutathione and glutathionylspermidine. In this review we discuss some of the mechanistic aspects of glutathionylspermidine in prokaryotes and extend its potential use to eukaryotes in proteomics and biochemical applications through an example with tissue transglutaminase and its S-glutathionylation.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road Section 2, Taipei 11529, Taiwan. jcl@gate.sinica.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Jason Ching-Yao
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road Section 2, Taipei 11529, Taiwan. bingyuchiang@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Bing-Yu
authors.initials: BY
authors.lastname: Chiang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road Section 2, Taipei 11529, Taiwan. sandra77@gate.sinica.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Chi-Chi
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Chou
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road Section 2, Taipei 11529, Taiwan. ebioche@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Tzu-Chieh
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road Section 2, Taipei 11529, Taiwan. yjchen@chem.sinica.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Yi-Ju
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road Section 2, Taipei 11529, Taiwan. yjchen@chem.sinica.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Yu-Ju
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road Section 2, Taipei 11529, Taiwan. chunhung@gate.sinica.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Chun-Hung
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Lin
mesh_terms: D005978:Glutathione / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000378:metabolism*; D011387:Prokaryotic Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational; D011506:Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D013095:Spermidine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000378:metabolism; D013438:Sulfhydryl Compounds / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D011506:Proteins; D013438:Sulfhydryl Compounds; C012333:glutathionylspermidine; D005978:Glutathione; D013095:Spermidine