title: High expression of forkhead box protein C2 is related to poor prognosis in human gliomas.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Increasing evidence has indicated that high Forkhead box protein C2 (FOXC2) level is closely associated with the development, progression, and poor prognosis of a variety of tumors. However, the relationship between FOXC2 and the progression of human gliomas remains to be clarified. The aim of present study was to assess FOXC2 expression and to explore its contribution in human gliomas.
  
  
  METHODS
  Realtime quantitative PCR was performed to examine FOXC2 expression in 85 pairs of fresh frozen glioma tissues and corresponding non-neoplastic brain tissues. Associations of FOXC2 expression with clinicopathological factors and prognosis of glioma patients were statistically analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The relative mRNA expression of FOXC2 was significantly higher in glioma tissues than the corresponding non-neoplastic brain tissues (p<0.001). In addition, high FOXC2 expression was significantly associated with advanced pathological grade (P=0.005) and the low Karnofsky performance score (KPS) (p=0.003), correlating with poor survival (p<0.001). Furthermore, multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that high FOXC2 expression was an independent predictor of overall survival (p=0.006).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  FOXC2 may act as an oncogenic gene and represent a potential regulator of aggressive development and a candidate prognostic marker in human gliomas.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China E-mail : bhjiaohmu@126.com.
authors.forename: Yao-Wu
authors.initials: YW
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Chun-Li
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.forename: Hong-Yi
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Jinmin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hao
authors.forename: Yue-Ye
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Heng
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Liao
authors.forename: Bao-Hua
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Jiao
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000235:genetics*; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics*; D005910:Glioma / Q000235:genetics* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D060787:Neoplasm Grading; D011379:Prognosis; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015996:Survival Rate; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors; C082078:mesenchyme fork head 1 protein