title: The antibacterial mechanism of berberine against Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae.
abstract: This study demonstrated berberine to be a potential natural compound against Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae. Liquid doubling dilution, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), SDS-PAGE and 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining were employed to elucidate the antibacterial activity and mechanism of berberine. The minimal inhibitory concentration of berberine was 0.3125 mg/mL, and time-kill curves showed concentration and time dependence. The TEM micrographs displayed damaged cell wall, concentrated cytoplasm, cytoplasmic content leakage and cell death. SDS-PAGE and DAPI assays revealed that berberine can restrain DNA and protein syntheses. Berberine inhibited the synthesis of proteins associated with the growth and cleavage of bacteria and then blocked the division and development of bacteria. The compound ultimately induced cytoplasm pyknosis and bacterial death.
authors.affiliation: a Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University , Ya'an , China.
authors.forename: Shuai
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.affiliation: a Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University , Ya'an , China.
authors.forename: Zhengwen
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: a Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University , Ya'an , China.
authors.forename: Zhongqiong
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.affiliation: a Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University , Ya'an , China.|b Institute of Prevention Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu , China.
authors.forename: Renyong
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jia
authors.affiliation: a Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University , Ya'an , China.
authors.forename: Xu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: a Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University , Ya'an , China.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: a Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University , Ya'an , China.
authors.forename: Zhenzhen
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: a Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University , Ya'an , China.
authors.forename: Lianci
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.affiliation: a Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University , Ya'an , China.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Qu
authors.affiliation: a Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University , Ya'an , China.
authors.forename: Zhiqiang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: a Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University , Ya'an , China.
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Lai
authors.affiliation: a Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University , Ya'an , China.
authors.forename: Guangxi
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: a Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University , Ya'an , China.
authors.forename: Xiaoxia
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.affiliation: a Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University , Ya'an , China.
authors.forename: Changliang
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: a Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University , Ya'an , China.
authors.forename: Lizi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yin
mesh_terms: D016977:Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001599:Berberine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000187:drug effects; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D007211:Indoles; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D014176:Protein Biosynthesis / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D007211:Indoles; D001599:Berberine; C007293:DAPI
keywords: Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae; antibacterial activity; antibacterial mechanism; berberine