title: Effect of Laser Treatment on Surface Morphology of Indirect Composite Resin: Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) Evaluation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the Scanning electron microscope (SEM) of indirect composite conditioned by Erbium-Doped Yttrium Aluminum Garnet (Er:YAG) laser, Neodymium-Doped Yttrium Aluminium Garnet (Nd:YAG) laser and Carbon Dioxide (CO2) laser.
  
  
  METHODS
  18 indirect composite blocks (GC Gradia DA2, Japan) with 15 × 10 × 10 mm dimensions were made. The bonding surface of these blocks were polished, then the samples were divided into six groups as follow: Er:YAG laser with output power of 0.5 W and frequency of 10 Hz, Nd:YAG laser with output power of 0.25, 0.5 W and frequency of 10 Hz, CO2 laser with output power of 0.5 W and frequency of 10 Hz and 5 Hz, and no treatment. Then, the surfaces were evaluated by SEM.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Irregularities were observed in Er:YAG laser samples compared to control group that produced suitable retention for adhesion of cements. Nd:YAG and CO2 lasers showed melting areas.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Among different lasers, Er:YAG laser can be used as an alternative technique for surface treatment of indirect composites.
authors.affiliation: Restorative Dentistry Department, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Mansore
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mirzaie
authors.affiliation: Restorative Dentistry Department, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Nazanin Zeinab
authors.initials: NZ
authors.lastname: Garshasbzadeh
authors.affiliation: Restorative Dentistry Department, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Esmaeil
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Yassini
authors.affiliation: Laser Research Center of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medial science.
authors.forename: Sima
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shahabi
authors.affiliation: Laser Research Center of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medial science.
authors.forename: Nasim
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Chiniforush
keywords: CO2 laser; Er:YAG laser; Nd:YAG lasers