title: Survival of rhinoviruses on human fingers.
abstract: Rhinovirus is the main cause of the common cold, which remains the most frequent infection worldwide among humans. Knowledge and understanding of the rhinovirus transmission route is important to reduce morbidity as only preventive measures are effective. In this study, we investigated the potential of rhinovirus to survive on fingers. Rhinovirus-B14 was deposited on fingers for 30, 60, 90 and 120 min. Survival was defined as the ability of the virus to grow after 7 days, confirmed by immunofluorescence. Rhinovirus survival was not dependent on incubation time on fingers. Droplet disruption had no influence on survival. Survival was frequent with high rhinovirus concentrations, but rare with low-concentration droplets, which corresponded to the usual rhinovirus concentrations in mucus observed in children and adults, respectively. Our study confirms that rhinovirus infectiousness is related to the viral concentration in droplets and suggests that children represent the main transmission source, which occurs only rarely via adults. It confirms also that rhinovirus hand-related transmission is possible and supports hand hygiene as a key prevention measure.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Virology, Division of Infectious Diseases and Division of Laboratory Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland. Electronic address: Arnaud.Lhuillier@hcuge.ch.
authors.forename: A G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: L'Huillier
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Virology, Division of Infectious Diseases and Division of Laboratory Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, University Hospitals of Geneva and Medical School, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tapparel
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Virology, Division of Infectious Diseases and Division of Laboratory Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Turin
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Virology, Division of Infectious Diseases and Division of Laboratory Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Boquete-Suter
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Virology, Division of Infectious Diseases and Division of Laboratory Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Virology, Division of Infectious Diseases and Division of Laboratory Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kaiser
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005385:Fingers / Q000821:virology*; D064368:Healthy Volunteers; D006801:Humans; D050296:Microbial Viability; D012229:Rhinovirus / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000502:physiology*; D013997:Time Factors
keywords: Fingers; hand hygiene; picornavirus; rhinovirus; survival; transmission