title: Safety in the hypertriglyceridemia treatment with N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on glucose metabolism in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Type 2 diabetes mellitus increases the risk of hypertriglyceridemia and is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Current literature reveals the beneficial effects of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) in hypertriglyceridemia treatment, however the safety for type 2 diabetic subjects are still debatable. This literature review discusses the safety on glucose metabolism of n-3 PUFA supplementation in the treatment of hypertriglyceridemia in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
  
  
  METHODS
  A literature review was conducted on EMBASE and MEDLINE database to investigate clinical trials published since 1990 until June 2014 that investigated the effects of dietary/supplementation n-3 PUFA intake in hypertriglyceridemia treatment in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Fourteen clinical trials (n = 2,105) were included in this review. All trials reported a reduction in triglycerides levels between 12 - 34% in intra- group and 15 - 36% in between-groups analysis. Four trials showed a significant increase in LDL-c (6 - 18%) and another four in HDL-c levels (4 - 15%). No significant changes were found to total cholesterol, VLDL-c, fasting glucose, HbA1C, and insulin sensitivity index.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The n-3 PUFA supplementation leads an improvement on TG levels and did not result in any impairment on glucose metabolism in hypertriglyceridemic patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus being a safe option to treat the diabetic population.
authors.affiliation: School of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brazil.. caioedureis@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Caio Eduardo Gonçalves
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Reis
authors.affiliation: Doce Desafio Program, University of Brasilia, Brazil.. caioedureis@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Karla Câmara
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Landim
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, University of Brasilia, Brazil.. caioedureis@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Aline Costa Santos
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Nunes
authors.affiliation: School of Physical Education, University of Brasilia, Brazil.. caioedureis@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Jane
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dullius
mesh_terms: D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism*; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3 / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D015228:Hypertriglyceridemia / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
chemical_list: D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; D005947:Glucose