title: An update on anxiety in youth with autism spectrum disorders.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Anxiety is one of the most common co-occurring psychiatric conditions in youth with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). This article reviews recent evidence as well as earlier relevant studies regarding the characteristics, assessment, and treatment of anxiety in youth with ASD.
  
  
  RESULTS
  It is well established that the prevalence of anxiety in youth with an ASD is significantly greater than the prevalence of anxiety in the general population. Recent studies have highlighted the importance of informant, method, and instrument when measuring anxiety in this population. Despite the high prevalence, findings to date have been unable to identify any consistent risk factors for anxiety. New psychological treatments, including modified cognitive behavioral therapy for youth with high functioning ASD and co-occurring anxiety, are emerging. Pharmacological data, however, are scant. Existing studies show that youth with ASD are at increased risk for behavioral activation when taking SSRIs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Clinicians working with youth with ASD are encouraged to routinely screen for anxiety. Until further data are available, clinical judgment is needed when prescribing treatments, particularly selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, which require close monitoring of side-effects. Research on risk factors, pathophysiology, and treatment of this condition is needed.
authors.affiliation: aKennedy Krieger Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland bDepartment of Health Psychology, Thompson Center for Autism and Neurodevelopmental Disorders, University of Missouri, Columba, Missouri, USA.
authors.forename: Roma A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Vasa
authors.forename: Micah O
authors.initials: MO
authors.lastname: Mazurek
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001007:Anxiety / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy; D002648:Child; D002659:Child Development Disorders, Pervasive / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans