title: In vitro and in vivo evaluation of porous TiNi-based alloy as a scaffold for cell tissue engineering.
abstract: This study aims to look into the applicability of a porous TiNi-based shape memory alloy (SMA) scaffold as an incubator for bone marrow mesenchymal cells, hepatocytes, and pancreatic islet cells. The porous TiNi-based SMA used was fabricated using a self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS) technique, in which scaffold blocks measuring 4 × 4 × 10 mm were prepared. In vitro tests were done using mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) isolated from mature bone marrow of CBA/j inbred mice, and cultured in 3 different culture media - Control medium, Osteogenic medium, and Chondrogenic medium. Hepatocytes and islet cells were isolated from the livers and pancreatic glands of Wistar rats respectively, seeded on porous TiNi-based SMA scaffolds, and cultured. The scaffolds were then implanted into the abdominal cavity of Wistar rats and later harvested, at days 7, 14, 21, and 28, post-implantation. SEM imaging was performed with pre-implanted scaffolds at day 0 and harvested scaffolds at days 7, 14, 21, and 28, post-implantation. Based on weight increase percentages, the in vitro study revealed that the osteogenic group showed a 2-fold increase, and the chondrogenic group showed a 1.33-fold increase, compared to the control group. The in vivo study, on the other hand, showed that from day 7 post-implantation, the cellular in-growth gradually invaded the inner porous structure from the periphery towards the center, and at day-28 post-implantation, all pores were closed and completely filled with cells and the extracellular matrix. The results show that porous TiNi-based SMA is a unique biocompatible incubator for cell cultures and can be successfully used for tissue bioengineering and artificial organs.
authors.affiliation: a Research Institute of Medical Materials, Tomsk State University , Tomsk , Russia.
authors.forename: Oleg V
authors.initials: OV
authors.lastname: Kokorev
authors.affiliation: a Research Institute of Medical Materials, Tomsk State University , Tomsk , Russia.
authors.forename: Valentina N
authors.initials: VN
authors.lastname: Hodorenko
authors.affiliation: a Research Institute of Medical Materials, Tomsk State University , Tomsk , Russia.
authors.forename: Timofey L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Chekalkin
authors.affiliation: b School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Ulsan , Ulsan , Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Ji-Soon
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: c Department of Orthopaedic Surgery , Seoul National University College of Medicine , Seoul , Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Seung-Baik
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.affiliation: d Department of Clinical Surgery , Siberian State Medical University , Tomsk , Russia.
authors.forename: Georgiy Ts
authors.initials: GTs
authors.lastname: Dambaev
authors.affiliation: a Research Institute of Medical Materials, Tomsk State University , Tomsk , Russia.
authors.forename: Victor E
authors.initials: VE
authors.lastname: Gunther
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D022781:Hepatocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D007515:Islets of Langerhans / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D051379:Mice; D009532:Nickel / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016062:Porosity; D051381:Rats; D023822:Tissue Engineering; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds / Q000737:chemistry*; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; C040654:titanium nickelide; D009532:Nickel; D014025:Titanium
keywords: TiNi-based shape memory alloy; biocompatibility; porous implant; tissue engineering