title: Patterns of coping strategy use and relationships with psychosocial health in adolescents with spinal cord injury.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate patterns of coping among adolescents with spinal cord injury (SCI).
  
  
  METHODS
  Youth aged 13-18 years with SCI completed measures of participation, quality of life (QOL), mental health symptoms, and coping. A hierarchical agglomerative cluster analysis using Ward's method was conducted. Subsequent analyses examined relationships between clusters and psychosocial functioning.
  
  
  RESULTS
  199 youth were an average of 15.95 years (SD = 1.71) at interview and 11.02 years (SD = 5.45) at injury. 56% percent were male, 64% White, and 62% had paraplegia. Four groups of "copers" emerged: ineffective, active, avoidant, and cognitive. Cognitive copers reported significantly less mental health symptomatology and higher QOL, followed by avoidant, active, and ineffective copers. Active copers showed significantly greater participation relative to ineffective, avoidant, and cognitive copers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that coping profiles have meaningful relationships with adjustment. Reliance on cognitive strategies, with low endorsement of other strategies, may be associated with better psychosocial health.
authors.affiliation: Shriners Hospitals for Children, Philadelphia, PA, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Chicago, IL, Marquette University, Department of SCI Research, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Chicago, IL, University of Illinois, Department of Research, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Philadelphia, PA, Thomas Jefferson University, and Rush Medical College hrussell@shrinenet.org.
authors.forename: Heather F
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Russell
authors.affiliation: Shriners Hospitals for Children, Philadelphia, PA, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Chicago, IL, Marquette University, Department of SCI Research, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Chicago, IL, University of Illinois, Department of Research, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Philadelphia, PA, Thomas Jefferson University, and Rush Medical College Shriners Hospitals for Children, Philadelphia, PA, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Chicago, IL, Marquette University, Department of SCI Research, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Chicago, IL, University of Illinois, Department of Research, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Philadelphia, PA, Thomas Jefferson University, and Rush Medical College.
authors.forename: Alicia M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: January
authors.affiliation: Shriners Hospitals for Children, Philadelphia, PA, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Chicago, IL, Marquette University, Department of SCI Research, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Chicago, IL, University of Illinois, Department of Research, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Philadelphia, PA, Thomas Jefferson University, and Rush Medical College Shriners Hospitals for Children, Philadelphia, PA, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Chicago, IL, Marquette University, Department of SCI Research, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Chicago, IL, University of Illinois, Department of Research, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Philadelphia, PA, Thomas Jefferson University, and Rush Medical College.
authors.forename: Erin H
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Kelly
authors.affiliation: Shriners Hospitals for Children, Philadelphia, PA, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Chicago, IL, Marquette University, Department of SCI Research, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Chicago, IL, University of Illinois, Department of Research, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Philadelphia, PA, Thomas Jefferson University, and Rush Medical College Shriners Hospitals for Children, Philadelphia, PA, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Chicago, IL, Marquette University, Department of SCI Research, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Chicago, IL, University of Illinois, Department of Research, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Philadelphia, PA, Thomas Jefferson University, and Rush Medical College.
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Mulcahey
authors.affiliation: Shriners Hospitals for Children, Philadelphia, PA, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Chicago, IL, Marquette University, Department of SCI Research, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Chicago, IL, University of Illinois, Department of Research, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Philadelphia, PA, Thomas Jefferson University, and Rush Medical College.
authors.forename: Randal R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Betz
authors.affiliation: Shriners Hospitals for Children, Philadelphia, PA, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Chicago, IL, Marquette University, Department of SCI Research, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Chicago, IL, University of Illinois, Department of Research, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Philadelphia, PA, Thomas Jefferson University, and Rush Medical College Shriners Hospitals for Children, Philadelphia, PA, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Chicago, IL, Marquette University, Department of SCI Research, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Chicago, IL, University of Illinois, Department of Research, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Philadelphia, PA, Thomas Jefferson University, and Rush Medical College.
authors.forename: Lawrence C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Vogel
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000293:Adolescent; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008603:Mental Health; D011788:Quality of Life / Q000523:psychology*; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000523:psychology*
keywords: adolescents; cluster analysis; coping; pediatric spinal cord injury; quality of life