title: High serum uric acid is associated with increased cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI) in healthy Japanese subjects: a cross-sectional study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the association of serum uric acid (SUA) with arterial stiffness assessed by cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI).
  
  
  METHODS
  We analyzed the cross-sectional data from 27,360 healthy Japanese subjects (12,910 males and 14,450 females) aged between 20 and 74 years without a past history of heart disease, stroke, hypertension, diabetes, nephritis or gout. We investigated whether SUA was independently associated with CAVI in a gender-specific manner.
  
  
  RESULTS
  BMI, CAVI, systolic/diastolic BP, GOT, GPT, γ-GTP, triglyceride (TG), creatinine and SUA were higher and HDL-C was lower in males than in females. Next, they were stratified by SUA into 3 groups: lower tertile (T1), middle tertile (T2) and upper tertile (T3) and by gender. CAVI increased progressive with increasing SUA tertile, after adjusting for age, BMI and systolic BP (sBP) identified in multiple regression analysis for CAVI. Multivariate analysis showed that the odds ratios (95% CI) relative to T1 for high CAVI (≥90(th) percentile) were 1.233 (0.928-1.638) in T2 and 1.352 (1.031-1.773) in T3 for males, and 1.133 (0.984-1.303) in T2 and 1.361 (1.098-1.687) in T3 for females, after adjusting for confounders. Furthermore, increase in adjusted CAVI was observed in a lower SUA range in females compared to that observed in males.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We demonstrated an independent correlation between SUA and CAVI, and observed gender difference in the SUA range for increase in CAVI. These results may suggest the need to set different target SUA levels for men and women in anti-hyperuricemic treatment for atherosclerosis prevention.
authors.affiliation: Center of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Toho University, Sakura Medical Center, 564-1, Shimoshizu, Sakura-City, Chiba 285-8741, Japan; Center of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shin-Oyama City Hospital, 1-1-5, Wakagi-cho, Oyama-City, Tochigi 323-0028, Japan.
authors.forename: Daiji
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Nagayama
authors.affiliation: Center of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Toho University, Sakura Medical Center, 564-1, Shimoshizu, Sakura-City, Chiba 285-8741, Japan.
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamaguchi
authors.affiliation: Center of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Toho University, Sakura Medical Center, 564-1, Shimoshizu, Sakura-City, Chiba 285-8741, Japan.
authors.forename: Atsuhito
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Saiki
authors.affiliation: Center of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Toho University, Sakura Medical Center, 564-1, Shimoshizu, Sakura-City, Chiba 285-8741, Japan.
authors.forename: Haruki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Imamura
authors.affiliation: Center of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Toho University, Sakura Medical Center, 564-1, Shimoshizu, Sakura-City, Chiba 285-8741, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuta
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.affiliation: Center of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Toho University, Sakura Medical Center, 564-1, Shimoshizu, Sakura-City, Chiba 285-8741, Japan.
authors.forename: Noriko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ban
authors.affiliation: Center of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Toho University, Sakura Medical Center, 564-1, Shimoshizu, Sakura-City, Chiba 285-8741, Japan.
authors.forename: Hidetoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kawana
authors.affiliation: Center of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Toho University, Sakura Medical Center, 564-1, Shimoshizu, Sakura-City, Chiba 285-8741, Japan.
authors.forename: Ayako
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nagumo
authors.affiliation: Department of Vascular Function, Toho University, Sakura Medical Center, 564-1, Shimoshizu, Sakura-City, Chiba 285-8741, Japan.
authors.forename: Kohji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shirai
authors.affiliation: Center of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Toho University, Sakura Medical Center, 564-1, Shimoshizu, Sakura-City, Chiba 285-8741, Japan. Electronic address: ichiro.tatsuno@med.toho-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Ichiro
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Tatsuno
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000842:Ankle / Q000098:blood supply*; D044466:Asian People; D001795:Blood Pressure Determination; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003971:Diastole; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D012016:Reference Values; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012737:Sex Factors; D013599:Systole; D014527:Uric Acid / Q000097:blood*; D059289:Vascular Stiffness; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D014527:Uric Acid
keywords: Cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI); Gender difference; Serum uric acid