title: Teaching the basics of autophagy and mitophagy to redox biologists--mechanisms and experimental approaches.
abstract: Autophagy is a lysosomal mediated degradation activity providing an essential mechanism for recycling cellular constituents, and clearance of excess or damaged lipids, proteins and organelles. Autophagy involves more than 30 proteins and is regulated by nutrient availability, and various stress sensing signaling pathways. This article provides an overview of the mechanisms and regulation of autophagy, its role in health and diseases, and methods for its measurement. Hopefully this teaching review together with the graphic illustrations will be helpful for instructors teaching graduate students who are interested in grasping the concepts and major research areas and introducing recent developments in the field.
authors.affiliation: Center for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Department of Veterans Affairs, Birmingham VA Medical Center, Birmingham, AL, USA. Electronic address: zhanja@uab.edu.
authors.forename: Jianhua
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D001343:Autophagy; D000071186:Beclin-1; D003141:Communicable Diseases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D063306:Mitophagy; D008967:Molecular Biology / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D019636:Neurodegenerative Diseases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D015398:Signal Transduction; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; C491997:BECN1 protein, human; D000071186:Beclin-1; C477012:MAP1LC3A protein, human; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins; C546842:MTOR protein, human; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases
keywords: Aging; Beclin; LC3; Mitochondria; Neurodegenerative diseases; mTOR