title: Multilocus sequence typing of Candida albicans isolates from a burn intensive care unit in Iran.
abstract: Burn intensive care unit (BICU) patients are specifically exposed to deep-seated nosocomial infections due to Candida albicans. Superficial carriage of C. albicans is a potential source of infection and dissemination, and typing methods could be useful to trace the different isolates. Multilocus sequence typing is a powerful genotyping method for pathogenic micro-organisms, including Candida albicans. Thirty clinical isolates of C. albicans obtained from 22 patients that were admitted to the BICU from a burn hospital at Sari, Mazandaran state, Iran, were studied epidemiologically by multilocus sequence typing (MLST). Seventy-five variable nucleotide sites were found. Sixty-two alleles were identified among the seven loci of the C. albicans isolates and one new allele was obtained. Eighteen diploid sequence types (DSTs) were identified, and among those 10 were new. These isolates belonged to nine clonal clusters (CCs) while two isolates occurred as singletons. Eleven (36.7 %) isolates belonged to CC 124 after eBURST analysis and 13 isolates (43.3 %) were assigned to clade 4. Approximately 17 % of the 30 isolates belonged to clade 1 (CC 69 and CC 766). Isolates from several patients with burns were found to be related genetically. Some patients yielded multiple isolates with identical DSTs, suggesting colonization or infection caused by cross-contamination between patients. Isolates that show identical or similar allelic profiles are presumed to be identical or closely related and may be used to evaluate the genetic relationships between isolates from a specific environment such as the BICU.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran.|Department of Medical Mycology and Parasitology/Invasive Fungi Research Center (IFRC), School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Afsarian
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Mycology and Parasitology/Invasive Fungi Research Center (IFRC), School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
authors.forename: Hamid
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Badali
authors.affiliation: CBS Fungal Biodiversity Centre (CBS-KNAW), Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Teun
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Boekhout
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Mycology and Parasitology/Invasive Fungi Research Center (IFRC), School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
authors.forename: Tahereh
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shokohi
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathobiology, Division of Mycology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
authors.forename: Farzad
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Katiraee
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000483:Alleles; D002056:Burns / Q000150:complications* / Q000382:microbiology; D002176:Candida albicans / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D002177:Candidiasis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003428:Cross Infection / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D007362:Intensive Care Units; D007492:Iran / Q000453:epidemiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D058885:Multilocus Sequence Typing / Q000379:methods*; D016533:Mycological Typing Techniques; D010802:Phylogeny; D055815:Young Adult