title: Evaluation of the effects of injection velocity and different gel concentrations on nanoparticles in hyperthermia therapy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In magnetic fluid hyperthermia therapy, controlling temperature elevation and optimizing heat generation is an immense challenge in practice. The resultant heating configuration by magnetic fluid in the tumor is closely related to the dispersion of particles, frequency and intensity of magnetic field, and biological tissue properties.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this study, to solve heat transfer equation, we used COMSOL Multiphysics and to verify the model, an experimental setup has been used.  To show the accuracy of the model, simulations have been compared with experimental results. In the second part, by using experimental results of nanoparticles distribution inside Agarose gel according to various gel concentration, 0.5%, 1%, 2%, and 4%, as well as the injection velocity, 4 µL/min, 10 µL/min, 20 µL/min, and 40 µL/min, for 0.3 cc magnetite fluid, power dissipation inside gel has been calculated and used for temperature prediction inside of the gel.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The Outcomes demonstrated that by increasing the flow rate injection at determined concentrations, mean temperature drops. In addition, 2% concentration has a higher mean temperature than semi spherical nanoparticles distribution.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results may have implications for treatment of the tumor and any kind of cancer diseases.
authors.affiliation: School of Mechanical Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran 16846, Iran ; Tissue Engineering and Biological Systems Research Laboratory, School of Mechanical Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran 16846, Iran.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Javidi
authors.affiliation: School of Mechanical Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran 16846, Iran ; Tissue Engineering and Biological Systems Research Laboratory, School of Mechanical Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran 16846, Iran.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Heydari
authors.affiliation: School of Mechanical Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran 16846, Iran ; Tissue Engineering and Biological Systems Research Laboratory, School of Mechanical Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran 16846, Iran.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Karimi
authors.affiliation: School of Mechanical Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran 16846, Iran.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Haghpanahi
authors.affiliation: School of Mechanical Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran 16846, Iran ; Tissue Engineering and Biological Systems Research Laboratory, School of Mechanical Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran 16846, Iran.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Navidbakhsh
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Razmkon
keywords: Bio-heat transfer equation; Hyperthermia; Magnetic fluid; Nanoparticles distribution; Power dissipation