title: Femoro-acetabular impingement clinical research: is a composite outcome the answer?
abstract: Femoro-acetabular impingement (FAI) is increasingly recognized as an important cause of hip pain in the young adult. However, the methods of evaluating the efficacy of surgical intervention are often not validated and/or inconsistently reported. Important clinical, gait, radiographic and biomarker outcomes are discussed. This article (1) presents the rationale for considering a composite outcome for FAI patients; (2) examines a variety of important end points currently used to evaluate FAI surgery; (3) discusses a strategy to generate a composite outcome by combining these end points; and (4) highlights the challenges and current areas of controversy that such an approach to evaluating symptomatic FAI patients may present.
authors.affiliation: Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, McMaster University Medical Centre, 1200 Main Street West, 4E15, Hamilton, ON, L8N 3Z5, Canada. ayenif@mcmaster.ca.
authors.forename: Olufemi R
authors.initials: OR
authors.lastname: Ayeni
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg University, Sahlgrenska University Hospital/Mölndal, Mölndal, Sweden.
authors.forename: Mikael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sansone
authors.affiliation: Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, McMaster University Medical Centre, 1200 Main Street West, 4E15, Hamilton, ON, L8N 3Z5, Canada.
authors.forename: Darren
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: de Sa
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, 293 Wellington St N, Suite 110, Hamilton, ON, L8L 8E7, Canada.
authors.forename: Nicole
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Simunovic
authors.affiliation: MedSport, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan, 24 Frank Lloyd Wright Drive, Lobby A, Ann Arbor, MI, 48106, USA.
authors.forename: Asheesh
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bedi
authors.affiliation: Orthopaedic Surgery, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, 10021, USA.
authors.forename: Bryan T
authors.initials: BT
authors.lastname: Kelly
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, 293 Wellington St N, Suite 110, Hamilton, ON, L8L 8E7, Canada.
authors.forename: Forough
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Farrokhyar
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg University, Sahlgrenska University Hospital/Mölndal, Mölndal, Sweden.
authors.forename: Jon
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Karlsson
mesh_terms: D035843:Biomedical Research; D057925:Femoracetabular Impingement / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care
keywords: Femoro-acetabular; Impingement; Intervention; Outcome; Surgical