title: Using business intelligence to analyze and share health system infrastructure data in a rural health authority.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Health care organizations gather large volumes of data, which has been traditionally stored in legacy formats making it difficult to analyze or use effectively. Though recent government-funded initiatives have improved the situation, the quality of most existing data is poor, suffers from inconsistencies, and lacks integrity. Generating reports from such data is generally not considered feasible due to extensive labor, lack of reliability, and time constraints. Advanced data analytics is one way of extracting useful information from such data.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The intent of this study was to propose how Business Intelligence (BI) techniques can be applied to health system infrastructure data in order to make this information more accessible and comprehensible for a broader group of people.
  
  
  METHODS
  An integration process was developed to cleanse and integrate data from disparate sources into a data warehouse. An Online Analytical Processing (OLAP) cube was then built to allow slicing along multiple dimensions determined by various key performance indicators (KPIs), representing population and patient profiles, case mix groups, and healthy community indicators. The use of mapping tools, customized shape files, and embedded objects further augment the navigation. Finally, Web forms provide a mechanism for remote uploading of data and transparent processing of the cube. For privileged information, access controls were implemented.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Data visualization has eliminated tedious analysis through legacy reports and provided a mechanism for optimally aligning resources with needs. Stakeholders are able to visualize KPIs on a main dashboard, slice-and-dice data, generate ad hoc reports, and quickly find the desired information. In addition, comparison, availability, and service level reports can also be generated on demand. All reports can be drilled down for navigation at a finer granularity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We have demonstrated how BI techniques and tools can be used in the health care environment to make informed decisions with reference to resource allocation and enhancement of the quality of patient care. The data can be uploaded immediately upon collection, thus keeping reports current. The modular design can be expanded to add new datasets such as for smoking rates, teen pregnancies, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) rates, immunization coverage, and vital statistical summaries.
authors.affiliation: University of Northern British Columbia, Department of Computer Science and School of Business, Prince George, BC, Canada. waqar.haque@unbc.ca.
authors.forename: Waqar
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6921-8097
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Haque
authors.forename: Bonnie
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7415-1627
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Urquhart
authors.forename: Emery
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2476-7081
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Berg
authors.forename: Ramandeep
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9847-376X
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dhanoa
keywords: availability of health services; business intelligence; data visualization; health care systems