title: The role of real-time in biomedical science: a meta-analysis on computational complexity, delay and speedup.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The concept of real-time is very important, as it deals with the realizability of computer based health care systems.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this paper we review biomedical real-time systems with a meta-analysis on computational complexity (CC), delay (Δ) and speedup (Sp).
  
  
  RESULTS
  During the review we found that, in the majority of papers, the term real-time is part of the thesis indicating that a proposed system or algorithm is practical. However, these papers were not considered for detailed scrutiny. Our detailed analysis focused on papers which support their claim of achieving real-time, with a discussion on CC or Sp. These papers were analyzed in terms of processing system used, application area (AA), CC, Δ, Sp, implementation/algorithm (I/A) and competition.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results show that the ideas of parallel processing and algorithm delay were only recently introduced and journal papers focus more on Algorithm (A) development than on implementation (I). Most authors compete on big O notation (O) and processing time (PT). Based on these results, we adopt the position that the concept of real-time will continue to play an important role in biomedical systems design. We predict that parallel processing considerations, such as Sp and algorithm scaling, will become more important.
authors.affiliation: School of Science and Engineering, Habib University, Karachi, Pakistan. Electronic address: oliver.faust@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Oliver
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Faust
authors.affiliation: Chiba University, Japan.
authors.forename: Wenwei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Ngee Ann Polytechnic, Singapore.
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Rajendra Acharya
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D001698:Biomedical Engineering; D003199:Computer Systems; D006801:Humans; D008490:Medical Informatics; D013997:Time Factors
keywords: Computational complexity; Delay; Health care systems; Real-time; Speedup