title: The wonderful world of the windpipe: a review of central airway anatomy and pathology.
abstract: A variety of pathologic processes can involve the central airways. Abnormalities may either diffusely or focally involve the tracheal or mainstem bronchial walls. Diseases that diffusely involve the tracheal wall can be subclassified as sparing the membranous trachea or circumferentially involving the tracheal wall. Focal diseases of the trachea and mainstem bronchi include benign and malignant causes. Additionally, congenital and acquired morphologic abnormalities of the trachea will be reviewed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA. Electronic address: David.Lawrence@virgina.edu.
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Lawrence
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
authors.forename: Brittany
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Branson
authors.affiliation: Medical Imaging, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona, USA.
authors.forename: Isabel
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Oliva
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
authors.forename: Ami
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rubinowitz
mesh_terms: D000686:Amyloidosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D001980:Bronchi / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D001995:Bronchography; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D005547:Foreign Bodies / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D014890:Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006801:Humans; D010009:Osteochondrodysplasias / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D010212:Papilloma / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D011081:Polychondritis, Relapsing / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D012507:Sarcoidosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D014132:Trachea / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D014133:Tracheal Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D014134:Tracheal Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D014135:Tracheal Stenosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology; D014137:Tracheobronchomegaly / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D055090:Tracheomalacia / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging
keywords: Central airway abnormalities; Tracheal neoplasms; Tracheobronchial pathology