title: Modulating antibacterial immunity via bacterial membrane-coated nanoparticles.
abstract: Synthetic nanoparticles coated with cellular membranes have been increasingly explored to harness natural cell functions toward the development of novel therapeutic strategies. Herein, we report on a unique bacterial membrane-coated nanoparticle system as a new and exciting antibacterial vaccine. Using Escherichia coli as a model pathogen, we collect bacterial outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) and successfully coat them onto small gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) with a diameter of 30 nm. The resulting bacterial membrane-coated AuNPs (BM-AuNPs) show markedly enhanced stability in biological buffer solutions. When injected subcutaneously, the BM-AuNPs induce rapid activation and maturation of dendritic cells in the lymph nodes of the vaccinated mice. In addition, vaccination with BM-AuNPs generates antibody responses that are durable and of higher avidity than those elicited by OMVs only. The BM-AuNPs also induce an elevated production of interferon gamma (INFγ) and interleukin-17 (IL-17), but not interleukin-4 (IL-4), indicating its capability of generating strong Th1 and Th17 biased cell responses against the source bacteria. These observed results demonstrate that using natural bacterial membranes to coat synthetic nanoparticles holds great promise for designing effective antibacterial vaccines.
authors.affiliation: Department of NanoEngineering and Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego , La Jolla, California 92093, United States.
authors.forename: Weiwei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Ronnie H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.forename: Soracha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Thamphiwatana
authors.forename: Brian T
authors.initials: BT
authors.lastname: Luk
authors.forename: Jieming
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Pavimol
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Angsantikul
authors.forename: Qiangzhe
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Che-Ming J
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Liangfang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002462:Cell Membrane; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000276:immunology*; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D051379:Mice; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D053758:Nanoparticles
keywords: Nanomedicine; bacterial vaccine; biomimetic nanoparticle; infectious disease; membrane coating