title: Dentine bond strength and antimicrobial activity evaluation of adhesive systems.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study evaluated the dentine bond strength (BS) and the antibacterial activity (AA) of six adhesives against strict anaerobic and facultative bacteria.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three adhesives containing antibacterial components (Gluma 2Bond (glutaraldehyde)/G2B, Clearfil SE Protect (MDPB)/CSP and Peak Universal Bond (PUB)/chlorhexidine) and the same adhesive versions without antibacterial agents (Gluma Comfort Bond/GCB, Clearfil SE Bond/CSB and Peak LC Bond/PLB) were tested. The AA of adhesives and control groups was evaluated by direct contact method against four strict anaerobic and four facultative bacteria. After incubation, according to the appropriate periods of time for each microorganism, the time to kill microorganisms was measured. For BS, the adhesives were applied according to manufacturers' recommendations and teeth restored with composite. Teeth (n=10) were sectioned to obtain bonded beams specimens, which were tested after artificial saliva storage for one week and one year. BS data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA and Tukey test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Saliva storage for one year reduces the BS only for GCB. In general G2B and GCB required at least 24h for killing microorganisms. PUB and PLB killed only strict anaerobic microorganisms after 24h. For CSP the average time to eliminate the Streptococcus mutans and strict anaerobic oral pathogens was 30 min. CSB showed no AA against facultative bacteria, but had AA against some strict anaerobic microorganisms.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Storage time had no effect on the BS for most of the adhesives. The time required to kill bacteria depended on the type of adhesive and never was less than 10 min.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Most of the adhesives showed stable bond strength after one year and the Clearfil SE Protect may be a good alternative in restorative procedures performed on dentine, considering its adequate bond strength and better antibacterial activity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, Av. Limeira, 901, Piracicaba, SP 13414-903, Brazil.
authors.forename: Carolina Bosso
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: André
authors.affiliation: Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, Av. Limeira, 901, Piracicaba, SP 13414-903, Brazil.
authors.forename: Brenda Paula Figueiredo Almeida
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Gomes
authors.affiliation: Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, Av. Limeira, 901, Piracicaba, SP 13414-903, Brazil.
authors.forename: Thais Mageste
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Duque
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, Av. Limeira, 901, Piracicaba, SP 13414-903, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rafael Nobrega
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Stipp
authors.affiliation: Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Seattle, WA 98195-7456, USA.
authors.forename: Daniel Chi Ngai
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.affiliation: Department of Social Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, Av. Limeira, 901, Piracicaba, SP 13414-903, Brazil.
authors.forename: Glaucia Maria Bovi
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Ambrosano
authors.affiliation: Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, Av. Limeira, 901, Piracicaba, SP 13414-903, Brazil. Electronic address: giannini@fop.unicamp.br.
authors.forename: Marcelo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Giannini
mesh_terms: D000269:Adhesives / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects*; D003188:Composite Resins; D001840:Dental Bonding; D003738:Dental Cements; D003804:Dentin / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D019279:Resin Cements / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D013718:Tensile Strength
chemical_list: D000269:Adhesives; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D003188:Composite Resins; D003738:Dental Cements; D019279:Resin Cements
keywords: Adhesive systems; Antibacterial activity; Bonding durability; Dentine; Oral pathogens