title: Pharmacokinetics and oral bioavailability of amoxicillin in chicken infected with caecal coccidiosis.
abstract: Chicken infected with caecal coccidiosis (Eimeria tenella) was used to evaluate the effect of coccidiosis on the pharmacokinetic and bioavailability of amoxicillin. The level of amoxicillin was estimated by high-performance chromatography (HPLC) to calculate the pharmacokinetic parameters and oral bioavailability. For i.v. injection of amoxicillin, Vd and CL were 0.29 and 0.27 (mg/kg)/(μg/mL)/h, respectively. Compared with healthy chicken, intravenous injection of amoxicillin in the infected chicken showed higher distribution and elimination constants, delayed clearance and statistically significant higher AUC and MRT. Oral administration in healthy chicken was accompanied by rapid absorption and high bioavailability with Tmax , Cmax and F about 1.03 h, 3.26 μg/mL and 40.2, respectively. Furthermore, oral administration in the infected chicken produced higher mean absorption time, delayed Tmax, lower Cmax, smaller AUC value and lower bioavailability (16.76). Based on these results, monitoring and adjustment of amoxicillin dosing could be practiced during the presence of coccidiosis. The measured Cmax values suggest the administration of 1.3-folds of the normal dose to maintain the normal maximal serum concentrations of amoxicillin in chicken infected with caecal coccidiosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Resources, King Faisal University, Alahsa, Saudi Arabia.|Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kandeel
mesh_terms: D000658:Amoxicillin / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000818:Animals; D000981:Antiprotozoal Agents / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001682:Biological Availability; D002429:Cecal Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000469:parasitology / Q000662:veterinary*; D002432:Cecum / Q000469:parasitology; D002645:Chickens / Q000378:metabolism / Q000469:parasitology; D003048:Coccidiosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism / Q000662:veterinary*; D005260:Female; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D008297:Male; D011201:Poultry Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000469:parasitology
chemical_list: D000981:Antiprotozoal Agents; D000658:Amoxicillin