title: [Study on the cause-specific mortality attributable to smoking among males in Tianjin].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Prevalence rates related to smoking and second hand smoking exposure were high in Tianjin, particularly among males. Our study aimed to analyze all cause of deaths attributable to smoking in male citizens in Tianjin.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data on 38 312 death cases aged 18-69 years old were collected from 2010 to 2012. Odds ratio of deaths on different disease and excess deaths attributed to smoking, after adjusting age and education level were calculated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  22.57% of the male death cases were caused by smoking in Tianjin, and smokers'5 years of life loss due to the habit of smoking. Compared to the non-smokers, the mortality risks appeared as:lung cancer (OR = 3.10, 95% CI:2.80-3.44), heart disease (OR = 1.47, 95% CI:1.36-1.59), and stroke (OR = 1.41, 95% CI:1.30-1.53). The mortality risk attributed to smoking was higher in urban than that in rural areas. Factors as smoking initiated at early age and plenty daily cigarette consumption were both associated with risk of high mortality.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results from our study addressed the problem that smoking had been a major risk factor for mortality and productivity loss in male adults in Tianjin. Prevention programs and initiatives on reducing the rates of smoking and second hand smoking should be strengthened to decrease the smoking-related deaths in Tianjin.
authors.affiliation: Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin 300011, China; School of public health, Tianjin Medical University.
authors.forename: Guohong
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin 300011, China. Email: zhongliang365@163.com.
authors.forename: Zhongliang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin 300011, China.
authors.forename: Dezheng
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin 300011, China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin 300011, China.
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin 300011, China.
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002423:Cause of Death; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000401:mortality*; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution / Q000009:adverse effects*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution