title: Clostridium perfringens type A enteritis in blue and yellow macaw (Ara ararauna).
abstract: This study describes an outbreak of necrotic enteritis caused by Clostridium perfringens type A in captive macaws (Ara ararauna). Two psittacine birds presented a history of prostration and died 18 hr after manifestation of clinical signs. The necropsy findings and histopathologic lesions were indicative of necrotic enteritis. Microbiologic assays resulted in the growth of large gram-positive bacilli that were identified as C. perfringens. PCR was used to identify clostridium toxinotypes and confirmed the identification of isolated strains as C pefringens type A, positive to gene codifying beta 2 toxin. The infection source and predisposing factors could not be ascertained.
authors.forename: Marta Brito
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Guimarães
authors.forename: Luciana Neves
authors.initials: LN
authors.lastname: Torres
authors.forename: Ramon Gomes
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Mesquita
authors.forename: Fernanda
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ampuero
authors.forename: Marcos Paulo Vieira
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Cunha
authors.forename: Thais Sebastiana Porfida
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Ferreira
authors.forename: Antonio José Piantino
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Ferreira
authors.forename: José Luiz
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Catão-Dias
authors.forename: Andrea Micke
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Moreno
authors.forename: Terezinha
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Knöbl
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001715:Bird Diseases / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000473:pathology; D003015:Clostridium Infections / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D003016:Clostridium perfringens / Q000145:classification*; D004751:Enteritis / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D017809:Fatal Outcome; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D010311:Parrots