title: Comprehensive bioimaging with fluorinated nanoparticles using breathable liquids.
abstract: Fluorocarbons are lipophobic and non-polar molecules that exhibit remarkable biocompatibility, with applications in liquid ventilation and synthetic blood. The unique properties of these compounds have also enabled mass spectrometry imaging of tissues where the fluorocarbons act as a Teflon-like coating for nanostructured surfaces to assist in desorption/ionization. Here we report fluorinated gold nanoparticles (f-AuNPs) designed to facilitate nanostructure imaging mass spectrometry. Irradiation of f-AuNPs results in the release of the fluorocarbon ligands providing a driving force for analyte desorption. The f-AuNPs allow for the mass spectrometry analysis of both lipophilic and polar (central carbon) metabolites. An important property of AuNPs is that they also act as contrast agents for X-ray microtomography and electron microscopy, a feature we have exploited by infusing f-AuNPs into tissue via fluorocarbon liquids to facilitate multimodal (molecular and anatomical) imaging.
authors.affiliation: Scripps Center for Metabolomics and Mass Spectrometry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA.
authors.forename: Michael E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Kurczy
authors.affiliation: Scripps Center for Metabolomics and Mass Spectrometry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA.
authors.forename: Zheng-Jiang
authors.initials: ZJ
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Scripps Center for Metabolomics and Mass Spectrometry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA.
authors.forename: Julijana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ivanisevic
authors.affiliation: Scripps Center for Metabolomics and Mass Spectrometry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA.
authors.forename: Adam M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Schuyler
authors.affiliation: Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 10724 Science Center Dr, San Diego, CA 92121, USA.
authors.forename: Kush
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lalwani
authors.affiliation: Departments of Chemical Physiology and Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA.
authors.forename: Antonio F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Santidrian
authors.affiliation: Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 10724 Science Center Dr, San Diego, CA 92121, USA.
authors.forename: John M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: David
authors.affiliation: Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 10724 Science Center Dr, San Diego, CA 92121, USA.
authors.forename: Anand
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Giddabasappa
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA.
authors.forename: Amanda J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Roberts
authors.affiliation: Waters Corporation, 100 Cummings Center, Beverly, Massachusetts 01915, USA.
authors.forename: Hernando J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Olivos
authors.affiliation: Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 10724 Science Center Dr, San Diego, CA 92121, USA.
authors.forename: Peter J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: O'Brien
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Center for Biofilm Engineering, Montana State University, 109 Lewis Hall, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, USA.
authors.forename: Lauren
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Franco
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Center for Biofilm Engineering, Montana State University, 109 Lewis Hall, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, USA.
authors.forename: Matthew W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Fields
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA.
authors.forename: Liliana P
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Paris
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Friedlander
authors.affiliation: Scripps Center for Metabolomics and Mass Spectrometry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA.
authors.forename: Caroline H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.affiliation: The Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198-5880, USA.
authors.forename: Adrian A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Epstein
authors.affiliation: The Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198-5880, USA.
authors.forename: Howard E
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Gendelman
authors.affiliation: The Core Microscopy Facility, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
authors.forename: Malcolm R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Wood
authors.affiliation: Departments of Chemical Physiology and Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA.
authors.forename: Brunhilde H
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Felding
authors.affiliation: 1] Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA [2] Departments Genetics and Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Ave., St Louis, Missouri 63110, USA.
authors.forename: Gary J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Patti
authors.affiliation: Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 10724 Science Center Dr, San Diego, CA 92121, USA.
authors.forename: Mary E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Spilker
authors.affiliation: 1] Scripps Center for Metabolomics and Mass Spectrometry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA [2] Departments of Chemistry, Molecular and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA.
authors.forename: Gary
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Siuzdak
mesh_terms: D003952:Diagnostic Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D006046:Gold / Q000737:chemistry*; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D049329:Nanostructures / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D006046:Gold