title: Treating cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma using 5-aminolevulinic acid polylactic-co-glycolic acid nanoparticle-mediated photodynamic therapy in a mouse model.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is a common skin cancer, and its treatment is still difficult. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of nanoparticle (NP)-assisted 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) delivery for topical photodynamic therapy (PDT) of cutaneous SCC.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ultraviolet-induced cutaneous SCCs were established in hairless mice. ALA-loaded polylactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) NPs were prepared and characterized. The kinetics of ALA PLGA NP-induced protoporphyrin IX fluorescence in SCCs, therapeutic efficacy of ALA NP-mediated PDT, and immune responses were examined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  PLGA NPs enhanced protoporphyrin IX production in SCC. ALA PLGA NP-mediated topical PDT was more effective than free ALA of the same concentration in treating cutaneous SCC.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PLGA NPs provide a promising strategy for delivering ALA in topical PDT of cutaneous SCC.
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Skin Diseases Clinical College of Anhui Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China ; Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xiaojie
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Qingfeng
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Tu
authors.affiliation: Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Hongwei
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Haiyan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Peiru
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Linglin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: MOE Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Zheng
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: National Pharmaceutical Engineering Research Center, China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: National Pharmaceutical Engineering Research Center, China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Hansen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Luan
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xiuli
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000622:Aminolevulinic Acid / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000818:Animals; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000188:drug therapy*; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use; D051379:Mice; D008812:Mice, Hairless; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010778:Photochemotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011100:Polyglycolic Acid / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000077182:Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D017319:Photosensitizing Agents; D000077182:Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer; D011100:Polyglycolic Acid; D019344:Lactic Acid; D000622:Aminolevulinic Acid
keywords: 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA); cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC); microneedling; nanopar-ticles (NPs); photodynamic therapy (PDT); polylactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA)