title: Acute protease supplementation effects on muscle damage and recovery across consecutive days of cycle racing.
abstract: Bromelain, a mixture of proteases obtained from pineapples, has been demonstrated to reduce exercise-induced muscle damage and inflammation, enhancing recovery. This investigation aimed to establish if markers of muscle damage and testosterone were influenced by acute bromelain supplementation in competitive cyclists taking part in a six-day cycle stage race. Fifteen highly trained cyclists [age: 22, [Formula: see text] = 1.2 years, height: 1.79, [Formula: see text] = 0.01 m, body mass: 68.69, [Formula: see text] = 1.97 kg] were supplemented with either bromelain (1000 mg·day(-1)) (n = 8) or a placebo (n = 7) across six days of competitive racing in a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Blood was collected from each cyclist on days one, three and six of racing and analysed for creatine kinase (CK), myoglobin, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and testosterone. CK activity (P < 0.001, d = 17.4-18.8), LDH activity (P < 0.004, d = 0.5-2.5) and myoglobin concentration (P < 0.007, d = 3.4-4.8) were elevated from pre-race on days three and six of racing in both groups. Testosterone concentrations were significantly lower on the final day of racing (P = 0.03, d = 1.3) and there was a trend for bromelain to maintain testosterone concentrations across the race period (P = 0.05, d = 1.04-1.70) when compared to placebo. Fatigue rating was lower in the bromelain group on day four of racing (P = 0.01). Consecutive days of competitive cycling were associated with increased markers of muscle damage and a reduction in circulating testosterone across the race period. Bromelain supplementation reduced subjective feelings of fatigue and was associated with a trend to maintain testosterone concentration.
authors.affiliation: a School of Health Sciences , University of Tasmania , Launceston , TAS , Australia.
authors.forename: Cecilia M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Shing
authors.affiliation: a School of Health Sciences , University of Tasmania , Launceston , TAS , Australia.
authors.forename: Suzzen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chong
authors.affiliation: a School of Health Sciences , University of Tasmania , Launceston , TAS , Australia.|b Department of Sport and Leisure Studies , University of Waikato , Hamilton , New Zealand.
authors.forename: Matthew W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Driller
authors.affiliation: a School of Health Sciences , University of Tasmania , Launceston , TAS , Australia.
authors.forename: James W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Fell
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001642:Bicycling / Q000502:physiology*; D001963:Bromelains / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003402:Creatine Kinase / Q000097:blood; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D006801:Humans; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000187:drug effects*; D009211:Myoglobin / Q000097:blood; D020127:Recovery of Function / Q000187:drug effects*; D013739:Testosterone / Q000097:blood; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D009211:Myoglobin; D013739:Testosterone; D001963:Bromelains; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; D003402:Creatine Kinase
keywords: Bromelain; creatine kinase; lactate dehydrogenase; myoglobin; testosterone