title: Crude Garlic Extract Inhibits Cell Proliferation and Induces Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis of Cancer Cells In Vitro.
abstract: Garlic and its lipid-based extracts have played an important medicinal role in humans for centuries that includes antimicrobial, hypoglycemic, and lipid-lowering properties. The present study was to investigate the effects of crude garlic extract (CGE) on the proliferation of human breast, prostate, hepatic, and colon cancer cell lines and mouse macrophageal cells, not previously studied. The human cancer cell lines, such as hepatic (Hep-G2), colon (Caco-2), prostate (PC-3), and breast (MCF-7), were propagated at 37°C; air/CO2 (95:5 v/v) using the ATCC-formulated RPMI-1640 Medium and 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS), while the mouse macrophage cell line (TIB-71) was propagated at 37°C; air/CO2 (95:5 v/v) using the ATCC-formulated DMEM and 10% FBS. All cells were plated at a density of ∼5000 cells/well. After overnight incubation, the cells were treated with 0.125, 0.25, 0.5, or 1 μg/mL of CGE an additional 72 h. Inhibition of cell proliferation of 80-90% was observed for Hep-G2, MCF-7, TIB-71, and PC-3 cells, but only 40-55% for the Caco-2 cells when treated with 0.25, 0.5, or 1 μg/mL. In a coculture study of Caco-2 and TIB-71 cells, inhibition of cell proliferation of 90% was observed for Caco-2 cells compared to the 40-55% when cultured separately. CGE also induced cell cycle arrest and had a fourfold increase in caspase activity (apoptosis) in PC-3 cells when treated at a dose of 0.5 or 1 μg/mL. This investigation of CGE clearly highlights the fact that the lipid bioactive compounds in CGE have the potential as promising anticancer agents.
authors.affiliation: 1 Biomedical Engineering and Biotechnology Program, University of Massachusetts Lowell , Lowell, Massachusetts, USA .
authors.forename: Mukta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bagul
authors.affiliation: 1 Biomedical Engineering and Biotechnology Program, University of Massachusetts Lowell , Lowell, Massachusetts, USA .
authors.forename: Srikanth
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kakumanu
authors.affiliation: 1 Biomedical Engineering and Biotechnology Program, University of Massachusetts Lowell , Lowell, Massachusetts, USA .|2 Department of Clinical Laboratory and Nutritional Sciences, Center for Health and Disease Research, University of Massachusetts Lowell , Lowell, Massachusetts, USA .
authors.forename: Thomas A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Wilson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D018938:Caco-2 Cells; D059447:Cell Cycle Checkpoints / Q000187:drug effects*; D002460:Cell Line; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects*; D018920:Coculture Techniques; D005737:Garlic / Q000737:chemistry*; D056945:Hep G2 Cells; D006801:Humans; D061986:MCF-7 Cells; D008264:Macrophages; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms
chemical_list: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D010936:Plant Extracts
keywords: anticancer activity; apoptosis; cancer; cell cycle arrest; cell proliferation; crude garlic extract