title: Bath Salt-Induced Psychosis: Nursing Assessment, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Outcomes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To review what is known about the assessment, diagnosis, treatment, and outcomes of patients with bath salt-induced psychosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Comprehensive review and synthesis of research, case reports, and state-level data.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 42 case reports found, only 18 confirmed the presence of bath salts through laboratory testing. Twelve of the confirmed cases died. In most of the case reports, law enforcement was involved prior to hospitalization due to bizarre behaviors, delusions, and hallucinations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Due to the severity of both physical and psychological symptoms in patients in bath salt-induced psychosis, nurses, other healthcare providers, police, and hospital security personnel must work collaboratively to provide safe care.
authors.affiliation: College of Nursing, University of Missouri, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
authors.forename: Brandie Marie
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Stiles
authors.affiliation: College of Nursing, University of Missouri, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
authors.forename: Anne F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Fish
authors.affiliation: Family Medicine, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
authors.forename: Cynthia A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Cook
authors.affiliation: Pharmacy Department, St. Anthony's Medical Center, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
authors.forename: Victor
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Silva
mesh_terms: D000470:Alkaloids / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016739:Behavior, Addictive; D003702:Delusions; D006212:Hallucinations; D006801:Humans; D013287:Illicit Drugs / Q000009:adverse effects*; D009730:Nursing Assessment / Q000379:methods*; D011605:Psychoses, Substance-Induced / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000470:Alkaloids; D013287:Illicit Drugs; C023665:cathinone
keywords: Bath salt-induced psychosis; bath salts; psychosis; synthetic cathinones