title: Control of patterning, growth, and differentiation by floral organ identity genes.
abstract: In spite of the different morphologies of sepals, petals, stamens, and carpels, all these floral organs are believed to be modified versions of a ground-state organ similar to the leaf. Modifications of the ground-state developmental programme are orchestrated by different combinations of MADS-domain transcription factors encoded by floral organ identity genes. In recent years, much has been revealed about the gene regulatory networks controlled by the floral organ identity genes and about the genetic pathways that control leaf development. This review examines how floral organ identity is connected with the control of morphogenesis and differentiation of shoot organs, focusing on the model species Arabidopsis thaliana. Direct links have emerged between floral organ identity genes and genes involved in abaxial-adaxial patterning, organ boundary formation, tissue growth, and cell differentiation. In parallel, predictive models have been developed to explain how the activity of regulatory genes can be coordinated by intercellular signalling and constrained by tissue mechanics. When combined, these advances provide a unique opportunity for revealing exactly how leaf-like organs have been 'metamorphosed' into floral organs during evolution and showing crucial regulatory points in the generation of plant form.
authors.affiliation: Cell and Developmental Biology Department, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK robert.sablowski@jic.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1732-2909
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sablowski
mesh_terms: D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000235:genetics*; D035264:Flowers / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D026161:MADS Domain Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D026161:MADS Domain Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors
keywords: Arabidopsis thaliana; MADS domain; floral homeotic genes; organ growth; target genes.