title: Volumetric techniques: three-dimensional midface modeling.
abstract: Aging is a complex process caused by many factors. The most important factors include exposure to UV radiation, smoking, facial muscle movement, gravity, loss and displacement of fat and bone resorption. As a symptom of aging, face loses elasticity, volume and cheerful look. While changing face proportions, the dominant part of a face is its bottom instead of the mid part. The use of three-dimensional face modelling techniques, particularly the mid-face - tear through and cheeks, restores the skin firmness, volume and healthy look. For this purpose the hyaluronic acid is used, calcium hydroxyapatite, and L-polylactic acid fillers. Volumetric techniques require precision and proper selection of the filling agent to give a sense of satisfaction to both the patient and the doctor.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Aesthetic Medicine, Department of Cosmetology, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland. Head of the Department: Ewa Pierzchała MD, PhD.
authors.forename: Arleta
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Macierzyńska
authors.affiliation: Institute of Aesthetic Medicine, Department of Cosmetology, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland. Head of the Department: Ewa Pierzchała MD, PhD.
authors.forename: Ewa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Pierzchała
authors.affiliation: Department and Clinic of Dermatology, Sexually Transmitted Diseases and Clinical Immunology, University of Varmia and Masuria, Olsztyn, Poland. Head of the Department: Prof. Waldemar Placek MD, PhD.
authors.forename: Waldemar
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Placek
keywords: L-polylactic acid; calcium hydroxyapatite; hyaluronic acid