title: Systematic separation and purification of iridoid glycosides and crocetin derivatives from Gardenia jasminoides Ellis by high-speed counter-current chromatography.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Iridoid glycosides and crocetin derivatives are the main bioactive components of Gardenia. The processes of separation of these compounds reported in much of the literature are tedious, time consuming and require multiple chromatographic steps, which results in lower recovery and higher costs.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To develop a high-speed counter-current chromatography (HSCCC) method for the systematic separation and purification of iridoid glycosides and crocetin derivatives on a preparative scale from Gardenia.
  
  
  METHODS
  After fractionation using HPD100 column chromatography, n-butanol:ethanol:water (10:1:10, v/v) was selected to purify gardenoside, 6β-hydroxy geniposide and geniposidic acid from fraction A; ethyl acetate:n-butanol:water (2:1.5:3, v/v) was used to isolate geniposide from fraction B; crocin-1, crocin-2, crocin-3 and crocin-4 were purified by hexane:ethyl acetate:n-butanol:water (1:2:1:5, v/v) from fraction C. The head-to-tail elution mode was used with a flow rate of 8.0 mL/min and a rotary speed of 600 rpm.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After HSCCC isolation, 151.1 mg of gardenoside, 52.2 mg of 6β-hydroxy geniposide and 24.5 mg of geniposidic acid were obtained from 800 mg of fraction A; 587.2 mg of geniposide was obtained from 800 mg of Fraction B; 246.2 mg of crocin-1, 34.2 mg of crocin-2, 24.4 mg of crocin-3 and 24.7 mg of crocin-4 were obtained from 1000mg of fraction C. Their purities were found by UPLC analysis to be 91.7%, 93.4%, 92.5%, 98.2%, 94.1%, 96.3%, 94.1% and 98.9% respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present results demonstrates that the main iridoid glycosides and crocetin derivatives in Gardenia can be obtained efficiently from extracts using HSCCC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai Campus, Zhuhai, Guangdong, 519041, PR China.
authors.forename: Yarong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Liang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.forename: Shining
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.forename: Jia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Wenna
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Lianfeng
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Du
authors.forename: Guozhen
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Hao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D002338:Carotenoids / Q000032:analysis*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods; D003377:Countercurrent Distribution / Q000379:methods*; D032062:Gardenia / Q000737:chemistry*; D057888:Iridoid Glucosides / Q000032:analysis / Q000302:isolation & purification; D057889:Iridoid Glycosides / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D039823:Iridoids / Q000032:analysis / Q000302:isolation & purification; D015394:Molecular Structure; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: C000607246:6beta-hydroxy geniposide; D057888:Iridoid Glucosides; D057889:Iridoid Glycosides; D039823:Iridoids; D012997:Solvents; C058966:geniposidic acid; D002338:Carotenoids; C029036:crocin; C056587:gardenoside
keywords: Gardenia jasminoides Ellis; High-speed counter-current chromatography (HSCCC); crocetin derivative (crocin); iridoid glycoside; separation and purification