title: Upper extremity 3-dimensional reachable workspace analysis in dystrophinopathy using Kinect.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  An innovative upper extremity 3-dimensional (3D) reachable workspace outcome measure acquired using the Kinect sensor is applied toward Duchenne/Becker muscular dystrophy (DMD/BMD). The validity, sensitivity, and clinical meaningfulness of this novel outcome measure are examined.
  
  
  METHODS
  Upper extremity function assessment (Brooke scale and NeuroQOL questionnaire) and Kinect-based reachable workspace analyses were conducted in 43 individuals with dystrophinopathy (30 DMD and 13 BMD, aged 7-60 years) and 46 controls (aged 6-68 years).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The reachable workspace measure reliably captured a wide range of upper extremity impairments encountered in both pediatric and adult, as well as ambulatory and non-ambulatory individuals with dystrophinopathy. Reduced reachable workspaces were noted for the dystrophinopathy cohort compared with controls, and they correlated with Brooke grades. In addition, progressive reduction in reachable workspace correlated directly with worsening ability to perform activities of daily living, as self-reported on the NeuroQOL.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study demonstrates the utility and potential of the novel sensor-acquired reachable workspace outcome measure in dystrophinopathy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, 4860 Y Street, Suite 3850, Sacramento, California, 95817, USA.
authors.forename: Jay J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, 4860 Y Street, Suite 3850, Sacramento, California, 95817, USA.|Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, College of Engineering, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA.
authors.forename: Gregorij
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kurillo
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, 4860 Y Street, Suite 3850, Sacramento, California, 95817, USA.
authors.forename: Richard T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Abresch
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, 4860 Y Street, Suite 3850, Sacramento, California, 95817, USA.
authors.forename: Evan
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: De Bie
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, 4860 Y Street, Suite 3850, Sacramento, California, 95817, USA.
authors.forename: Alina
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nicorici
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, College of Engineering, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA.
authors.forename: Ruzena
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bajcsy
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D016287:Computer Peripherals; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020388:Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne / Q000503:physiopathology*; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular / Q000502:physiology; D034941:Upper Extremity / Q000503:physiopathology*; D018910:Video Games; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Becker; Duchenne; Kinect; reachable workspace; upper extremity