title: Association between ball-handling versus defending actions and acute noncontact lower extremity injuries in high school basketball and soccer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  High school-sponsored athletic programs currently provide more than 7.7 million students in the United States with health and societal benefits, but they also inherently increase the risk of students sustaining a sports injury. Understanding risk factors that predict injuries in sports is an essential first step to addressing the problem in this population.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine the role of offensive versus defensive actions in noncontact lower extremity injury rates in high school basketball and soccer in both boys' and girls' sports.
  
  
  METHODS
  Descriptive epidemiological study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Noncontact lower extremity injury data were collected from academic years 2005-2006 through 2011-2012 for boys' and girls' basketball and soccer through the surveillance tool High School RIO (reporting information online). The injuries in this subset of the database occurred over a total of 6.4 million athlete-exposures.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significant differences in overall lower extremity injury rates were found when comparing ball-handling and defending actions in basketball (rate ratio [RR], 1.36; 95% CI, 1.08-1.73; P = .009), but no appreciable difference was observed in soccer (RR, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.70-1.12; P = .31). Female participants had higher injury rates than did males for both ball-handling and defending actions for both sports (P < .05). Only girls' soccer showed significant differences in the odds ratio (OR) of defending to ball-handling injury rates between competition and practice (OR, 1.88; 95% CI, 1.01-3.48; P = .047).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The injury rate differences observed in this study between offensive and defensive actions suggest that investigating potential differences between sport-specific tasks may provide a more complete understanding of injury mechanisms.
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.
authors.forename: Scott M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Monfort
authors.affiliation: Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, Colorado, USA.
authors.forename: R Dawn
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Comstock
authors.affiliation: OhioHealth Research Institute, Columbus, Ohio, USA.
authors.forename: Christy L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Collins
authors.affiliation: School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.
authors.forename: James A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Onate
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA Sports Health and Performance Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.
authors.forename: Thomas M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Best
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA Department of Orthopaedics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA chaudhari.2@osu.edu.
authors.forename: Ajit M W
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Chaudhari
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D056352:Athletes; D001265:Athletic Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology*; D001490:Basketball / Q000293:injuries*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D035002:Lower Extremity / Q000293:injuries; D008297:Male; D016017:Odds Ratio; D012307:Risk Factors; D012574:Schools; D012916:Soccer / Q000293:injuries*; D013334:Students; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology
keywords: injury prevention; pediatric sports medicine; soccer