title: Synthesis of linear low-density polyethylene-g-poly (acrylic acid)-co-starch/organo-montmorillonite hydrogel composite as an adsorbent for removal of Pb(ΙΙ) from aqueous solutions.
abstract: The purpose of this work is to remove Pb(II) from the aqueous solution using a type of hydrogel composite. A hydrogel composite consisting of waste linear low density polyethylene, acrylic acid, starch, and organo-montmorillonite was prepared through emulsion polymerization method. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Solid carbon nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (CNMR)), silicon(-29) nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (Si NMR)), and X-ray diffraction spectroscope ((XRD) were applied to characterize the hydrogel composite. The hydrogel composite was then employed as an adsorbent for the removal of Pb(II) from the aqueous solution. The Pb(II)-loaded hydrogel composite was characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR)), scanning electron microscopy (SEM)), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy ((XPS)). From XPS results, it was found that the carboxyl and hydroxyl groups of the hydrogel composite participated in the removal of Pb(II). Kinetic studies indicated that the adsorption of Pb(II) followed the pseudo-second-order equation. It was also found that the Langmuir model described the adsorption isotherm better than the Freundlich isotherm. The maximum removal capacity of the hydrogel composite for Pb(II) ions was 430mg/g. Thus, the waste linear low-density polyethylene-g-poly (acrylic acid)-co-starch/organo-montmorillonite hydrogel composite could be a promising Pb(II) adsorbent.
authors.affiliation: School of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, USM Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia; Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA.
authors.forename: Maryam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Irani
authors.affiliation: School of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, USM Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia. Electronic address: ihanafi@usm.my.
authors.forename: Hanafi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ismail
authors.affiliation: School of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, USM Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Zulkifli
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Ahmad
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA. Electronic address: mfan@uwyo.edu.
authors.forename: Maohong
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fan
mesh_terms: D000180:Acrylic Resins / Q000737:chemistry*; D000327:Adsorption; D001546:Bentonite / Q000737:chemistry*; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000737:chemistry*; D007854:Lead / Q000737:chemistry*; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D056951:Photoelectron Spectroscopy; D011095:Polyethylenes / Q000737:chemistry*; D062611:Solid Waste / Q000032:analysis*; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D013213:Starch / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000180:Acrylic Resins; D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D011095:Polyethylenes; D062611:Solid Waste; C036577:starch hydrogel copolymer; D001546:Bentonite; D007854:Lead; D013213:Starch; C083316:(polyethylene-acrylic acid) copolymer
keywords: Adsorption mechanism; Heavy metal ions; Hydrogel; Organo clay; Waste polymers