title: In-plane ultrasound imaging of the vertebral artery for safe pediatric internal jugular vein cannulation.
abstract: Before cannulation of the internal jugular vein (IJV) in 4 pediatric patients, we obtained in-plane and out-of-plane ultrasound images of the vertebral artery (VA). In 2 of 4 patients, abnormalities were identified and best imaged in the in-plane view. In one patient, the right VA had an anomalous origin and course behind the IJV. In another patient, the in-plane image of both the IJV and the VA clearly showed a narrowed IJV. In some cases, the relationship between the VA and IJV may be more clearly understood with in-plane imaging.
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Anesthesia, Kyushu Kosei Nenkin Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan. Kotaro Hamada, MD, is currently affiliated with Department of Anesthesiology, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kayashima
authors.forename: Keiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Imai
authors.forename: Yuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Noda
authors.forename: Hayato
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mizuyama
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Okura
authors.forename: Kotaro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hamada