title: Differential effects of alloherpesvirus CyHV-3 and rhabdovirus SVCV on apoptosis in fish cells.
abstract: Whilst Herpesviridae, which infect higher vertebrates, actively influence host immune responses to ensure viral replication, it is mostly unknown if Alloherpesviridae, which infect lower vertebrates, possess similar abilities. An important antiviral response is clearance of infected cells via apoptosis, which in mammals influences the outcome of infection. Here, we utilise common carp infected with CyHV-3 to determine the effect on the expression of genes encoding apoptosis-related proteins (p53, Caspase 9, Apaf-1, IAP, iNOS) in the pronephros, spleen and gills. The influence of CyHV-3 on CCB cells was also studied and compared to SVCV (a rhabdovirus) which induces apoptosis in carp cell lines. Although CyHV-3 induced iNOS expression in vivo, significant induction of the genetic apoptosis pathway was only seen in the pronephros. In vitro CyHV-3 did not induce apoptosis or apoptosis-related expression whilst SVCV did stimulate apoptosis. This suggests that CyHV-3 possesses mechanisms similar to herpesviruses of higher vertebrates to inhibit the antiviral apoptotic process.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Science and Technology in Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Keele University, ST5 5BG Keele, United Kingdom. Electronic address: jmiest@geomar.de.
authors.forename: Joanna J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Miest
authors.affiliation: Fish Diseases Research Unit, Institute of Parasitology, University of Veterinary Medicine in Hanover, Bünteweg 17, 30559 Hanover, Germany. Electronic address: marana@interia.pl.
authors.forename: Mikolaj
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Adamek
authors.affiliation: Institute of Science and Technology in Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Keele University, ST5 5BG Keele, United Kingdom. Electronic address: npionnier@mnhn.fr.
authors.forename: Nicolas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Pionnier
authors.affiliation: Institute of Science and Technology in Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Keele University, ST5 5BG Keele, United Kingdom; Fish Diseases Research Unit, Institute of Parasitology, University of Veterinary Medicine in Hanover, Bünteweg 17, 30559 Hanover, Germany. Electronic address: s.j.harris@keele.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Harris
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Fish Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute, Partyzantów 57, 24-100 Puławy, Poland. Electronic address: marek.matras@piwet.pulawy.pl.
authors.forename: Marek
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Matras
authors.affiliation: Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Ichthyobiology & Aquaculture in Gołysz, Kalinowa 2, 43-520 Chybie, Poland. Electronic address: krzysztof.rakus@ulg.ac.be.
authors.forename: Krzysztof Ł
authors.initials: KŁ
authors.lastname: Rakus
authors.affiliation: Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Ichthyobiology & Aquaculture in Gołysz, Kalinowa 2, 43-520 Chybie, Poland. Electronic address: ilgiz@poczta.onet.pl.
authors.forename: Ilgiz
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Irnazarow
authors.affiliation: Fish Diseases Research Unit, Institute of Parasitology, University of Veterinary Medicine in Hanover, Bünteweg 17, 30559 Hanover, Germany. Electronic address: Dieter.Steinhagen@tiho-hannover.de.
authors.forename: Dieter
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Steinhagen
authors.affiliation: Institute of Science and Technology in Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Keele University, ST5 5BG Keele, United Kingdom. Electronic address: d.hoole@keele.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Dave
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hoole
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D002347:Carps / Q000821:virology*; D002460:Cell Line; D005393:Fish Diseases / Q000821:virology*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D005880:Gills / Q000821:virology; D006564:Herpesviridae / Q000502:physiology*; D006566:Herpesviridae Infections / Q000662:veterinary* / Q000821:virology; D060910:Pronephros / Q000821:virology; D012209:Rhabdoviridae / Q000502:physiology*; D018353:Rhabdoviridae Infections / Q000662:veterinary* / Q000821:virology; D013154:Spleen / Q000821:virology
keywords: Alloherpesviridae; Apoptosis; CCB; CyHV-3; KHV; SVCV