title: Prostate-specific antigen testing in men between 40 and 70 years in Brazil: database from a check-up program.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the PSA in a large population of Brazilian men undergone to check up, and correlate the PSA cutoffs with prostate size and urinary symptoms.
  
  
  METHODS
  This is a cross sectional study performed with men between 40 and 70 years undergone to check-up. All men were undergone to urological evaluation, digital rectal examination, prostate-specific antigen, and ultrasonography The exclusion criteria were men who used testosterone in the last six months, or who were using 5 alpha-reductase inhibitors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 5015 men with an average age of 49.0 years completed the study. Most men were white and asymptomatic. The PSA in the three different aging groups were 0.9 ± 0.7 ng/dL for men between 40 and 50; 1.2 ± 0.5 ng/dL for men between 50 and 60; and 1.7 ± 1.5 ng/dL for men greater than 60 years (p=0.001). A total of 192 men had PSA between 2.5 and 4 ng/ml. From these men 130 were undergone to prostate biopsy. The predictive positive value of biopsy was 25% (32/130). In the same way, 100 patients had PSA > 4 ng/mL. From these men, 80 were undergone to prostate biopsy. In this group, the predictive positive value of biopsy was 40% (32/100). The Gleason score was 6 in 19 men (60%), 7 in 10 men (31%) and 8 in 3 men (9%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The PSA level of Brazilian men undergone to check up was low. There was a positive correlation with aging, IPSS and prostate size.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil; Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, SP, Brazil and Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA.
authors.forename: João Paulo
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Zambon
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Fernando G
authors.initials: FG
authors.lastname: Almeida
authors.affiliation: Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Raquel Dilguerian O
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Conceição
authors.affiliation: Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Viviane Arevalo
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: Tabone
authors.affiliation: Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Nea Miwa
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Kashiwagi
authors.affiliation: Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Christina L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Ross
authors.affiliation: Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: José Antônio Maluf de
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Carvalho
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001706:Biopsy; D001938:Brazil; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D051517:Digital Rectal Examination; D055088:Early Detection of Cancer / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009929:Organ Size; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011467:Prostate / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000473:pathology*; D014463:Ultrasonography
chemical_list: D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen