title: Numeral series hidden in the distribution of atomic mass of amino acids to codon domains in the genetic code.
abstract: The distribution of codons in the nearly universal genetic code is a long discussed issue. At the atomic level, the numeral series 2x(2) (x=5-0) lies behind electron shells and orbitals. Numeral series appear in formulas for spectral lines of hydrogen. The question here was if some similar scheme could be found in the genetic code. A table of 24 codons was constructed (synonyms counted as one) for 20 amino acids, four of which have two different codons. An atomic mass analysis was performed, built on common isotopes. It was found that a numeral series 5 to 0 with exponent 2/3 times 10(2) revealed detailed congruency with codon-grouped amino acid side-chains, simultaneously with the division on atom kinds, further with main 3rd base groups, backbone chains and with codon-grouped amino acids in relation to their origin from glycolysis or the citrate cycle. Hence, it is proposed that this series in a dynamic way may have guided the selection of amino acids into codon domains. Series with simpler exponents also showed noteworthy correlations with the atomic mass distribution on main codon domains; especially the 2x(2)-series times a factor 16 appeared as a conceivable underlying level, both for the atomic mass and charge distribution. Furthermore, it was found that atomic mass transformations between numeral systems, possibly interpretable as dimension degree steps, connected the atomic mass of codon bases with codon-grouped amino acids and with the exponent 2/3-series in several astonishing ways. Thus, it is suggested that they may be part of a deeper reference system.
authors.affiliation: Möregatan 10, 118 27 Stockholm, Sweden. Electronic address: a.wohlin@u5d.net.
authors.forename: Åsa
authors.initials: Å
authors.lastname: Wohlin
mesh_terms: D000596:Amino Acids / Q000737:chemistry*; D000926:Anticodon / Q000235:genetics; D002951:Citrates / Q000378:metabolism; D003062:Codon / Q000235:genetics*; D003067:Coenzymes / Q000378:metabolism; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D005815:Genetic Code; D006019:Glycolysis; D008970:Molecular Weight; D009711:Nucleotides / Q000378:metabolism; D012313:RNA / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D000926:Anticodon; D002951:Citrates; D003062:Codon; D003067:Coenzymes; D005227:Fatty Acids; D009711:Nucleotides; D012313:RNA
keywords: Atomic mass analysis; Codon assignment; Exponent; Number-base transformation; Periodic system