title: The anatomo-radiological study of unusual extrasinusal pneumatizations: superior and supreme turbinate, crista galli process, uncinate process.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  One of the aspects that have an influence on rhinosinusal endoscopic surgery is extrasinusal pneumatization, which can also affect less common structures at this level. The pneumatization of the superior and supreme turbinates, uncinate process and crista galli are perfect examples of this situation. The diagnosis is made only through imaging methods.
  
  
  METHODS
  This is a retrospective anatomo-radiological study analyzing 205 CT scans of the facial sinuses performed over a three years period. All patients were symptomatic and the CT scans were performed to assess the cases prior to surgery. Ninety-seven patients were females and 108 males, aged between 18 and 91 years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of pneumatization and the prevalence of the different pneumatization types (superior and supreme turbinate, uncinate process and crista galli) were determined.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The pneumatization of the supreme turbinate (10.24%) was less common than that of the superior turbinate (29.76%) and affected all its anatomical variations (A, B, C). Pneumatization of the crista galli process was recorded in 22.92% of the cases, especially in association with type 2, while the prevalence of pneumatized uncinate process was of only 3.41% (uni- or bilateral).
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iassy, Romania; cobzeanu_dan@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Mihail Dan
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Cobzeanu
authors.forename: Vasilica
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Bâldea
authors.forename: Mircea Cătălin
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Bâldea
authors.forename: Patricia Sonia
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Vonica
authors.forename: Bogdan Mihail
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Cobzeanu
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010256:Paranasal Sinuses / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D014420:Turbinates / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology*; D055815:Young Adult