title: Vortex-assisted magnetic β-cyclodextrin/attapulgite-linked ionic liquid dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography for the fast determination of four fungicides in water samples.
abstract: A novel microextraction technique combining magnetic solid-phase microextraction (MSPME) with ionic liquid dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (IL-DLLME) to determine four fungicides is presented in this work for the first time. The main factors affecting the extraction efficiency were optimized by the one-factor-at-a-time approach and the impacts of these factors were studied by an orthogonal design. Without tedious clean-up procedure, analytes were extracted from the sample to the adsorbent and organic solvent and then desorbed in acetonitrile prior to chromatographic analysis. Under the optimum conditions, good linearity and high enrichment factors were obtained for all analytes, with correlation coefficients ranging from 0.9998 to 1.0000 and enrichment factors ranging 135 and 159 folds. The recoveries for proposed approach were between 98% and 115%, the limits of detection were between 0.02 and 0.04 μg L(-1) and the RSDs changed from 2.96 to 4.16. The method was successfully applied in the analysis of four fungicides (azoxystrobin, chlorothalonil, cyprodinil and trifloxystrobin) in environmental water samples. The recoveries for the real water samples ranged between 81% and 109%. The procedure proved to be a time-saving, environmentally friendly, and efficient analytical technique.
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2#, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China.
authors.forename: Miyi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2#, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China.
authors.forename: Xuefei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xi
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2#, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China.
authors.forename: Xiaoling
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2#, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China.
authors.forename: Runhua
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2#, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China.
authors.forename: Wenfeng
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2#, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China.
authors.forename: Sanbing
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2#, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China. Electronic address: hxgao@cau.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Haixiang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gao
mesh_terms: D000085:Acetates / Q000032:analysis; D000097:Acetonitriles / Q000737:chemistry; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D005659:Fungicides, Industrial / Q000032:analysis*; D007097:Imines / Q000032:analysis; D052578:Ionic Liquids / Q000737:chemistry*; D059627:Liquid Phase Microextraction / Q000379:methods; D017616:Magnesium Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*; D060328:Magnetic Phenomena; D008689:Methacrylates / Q000032:analysis; D009570:Nitriles / Q000032:analysis; D011743:Pyrimidines / Q000032:analysis; D017655:Silicon Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*; D052617:Solid Phase Microextraction; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry; D000073739:Strobilurins; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*; D047392:beta-Cyclodextrins / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000085:Acetates; D000097:Acetonitriles; D005659:Fungicides, Industrial; D007097:Imines; D052578:Ionic Liquids; D017616:Magnesium Compounds; D008689:Methacrylates; D009570:Nitriles; D011743:Pyrimidines; D017655:Silicon Compounds; D012997:Solvents; D000073739:Strobilurins; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D047392:beta-Cyclodextrins; C108338:cyprodinil; C467051:trifloxystrobin; C005806:tetrachloroisophthalonitrile; C031215:betadex; C087670:azoxystrobin; C026325:attapulgite; C032159:acetonitrile
keywords: Attapulgite; Dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction; Fungicide; High performance liquid chromatography; Ionic liquid; Magnetic