title: Deep-sea low-light radiometer system.
abstract: Two single-waveband low-light radiometers were developed to characterize properties of the underwater light field relevant to biological camouflage at mesopelagic ocean depths. Phenomena of interest were vertical changes in downward irradiance of ambient light at wavelengths near 470 nm and 560 nm, and flashes from bioluminescent organisms. Depth profiles were acquired at multiple deep stations in different geographic regions. Results indicate significant irradiance magnitudes at 560 nm, providing direct evidence of energy transfer as described by Raman scattering. Analysis of a night profile yielded multiple examples of bioluminescent flashes. The selection of high-sensitivity, high-speed silicon photomultipliers as detectors enabled measurement of spectrally-resolved irradiance to greater than 400 m depth.
authors.forename: Justin M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Haag
authors.forename: Paul L D
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Roberts
authors.forename: George C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Papen
authors.forename: Jules S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Jaffe
authors.forename: Linhai
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Dariusz
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Stramski
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002138:Calibration; D017753:Ecosystem; D007700:Kinetics; D008027:Light; D008163:Luminescent Measurements; D017711:Nonlinear Dynamics; D009792:Oceans and Seas; D055095:Optics and Photonics / Q000295:instrumentation; D011874:Radiometry / Q000295:instrumentation*; D013057:Spectrum Analysis