title: Preparation and evaluation of submicron-carriers for naringenin topical application.
abstract: Submicron emulsion system is one kind of submicron-carrier that can ensure close contact and increase the amount of drug transport into the skin. In the present study, naringenin was loaded into a submicron emulsion system for topical applications. The enhancement effect of drug permeability through skin, stability, and skin irritation of naringenin-loaded submicron emulsions were evaluated. The results showed that the transdermal amount and deposition amount in skin of naringenin from submicron emulsion formulations were significantly increased when compared to the control group of saturated aqueous solution of naringenin. The drug-loaded submicron emulsions showed thermodynamic stability after centrifugation and cooling-heating cycle tests. The level of drug was more than 98% after 3 months of storage at 25°C and 40°C. In skin irritation test, the result also demonstrated that naringenin-loaded submicron emulsion had less skin irritation, indicating that the formulation can possibly be developed for topical application.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, China Medical University Hospital, Yuh-Der Road, Taichung City 404, Taiwan, ROC; School of Medicine, Medical College, China Medical University, Yuh-Der Road, Taichung City 404, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: Ming-Jun
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100 Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: Yaw-Bin
authors.initials: YB
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100 Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: Jhih-Wun
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100 Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: Yaw-Syan
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100 Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan, ROC. Electronic address: pachwu@kmu.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Pao-Chu
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Wu
mesh_terms: D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D000818:Animals; D004337:Drug Carriers / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D004339:Drug Compounding; D004655:Emulsions; D044950:Flavanones / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008297:Male; D010539:Permeability; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012867:Skin / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D012869:Skin Absorption; D014783:Viscosity
chemical_list: D004337:Drug Carriers; D004655:Emulsions; D044950:Flavanones; C005273:naringenin
keywords: Naringenin; Skin irritation; Stability; Topical application