title: [Classification and genetic abnormalities of multiple myeloma].
abstract: Multiple myeloma (MM) is a malignancy of plasma cells which develops through genetic aberrations, epigenetic changes and the bone marrow microenvironment interaction. Despite recent tremendous progress in treatments for MM, a complete cure remains elusive. Further development of more effective therapeutic strategies is needed. The International Staging System (ISS) reported in 2005 has been used widely as the most simple and powerful prognostic classification in MM, but genetic abnormalities affecting prognosis were not considered in this model. In the past decade, non-random chromosomal aberrations such as t(4;14), t(14;16), t(14;20), amp1q21 and del17p have shown to be poor prognostic value, and moreover, recent progress in genome-wide deep sequencing studies has revealed novel mutations and intra-tumor subclonal heterogeneity which may explain clinical phenotype and therapeutic resistance. Here we review the current understanding of genetic abnormalities in MM for developing better prognostic classification and molecular targeted therapies leading to the stratified or personalized medicine.
authors.forename: Ichiro
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Hanamura
authors.forename: Shinsuke
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Iida
mesh_terms: D002869:Chromosome Aberrations; D056915:DNA Copy Number Variations; D006801:Humans; D009101:Multiple Myeloma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics*; D015513:Oncogene Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D011379:Prognosis
chemical_list: D015513:Oncogene Proteins