title: Effect of buccal gap distance on alveolar ridge alteration after immediate implant placement: a microcomputed tomographic and morphometric analysis in dogs.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The buccal bone resorption and the deformation of soft tissue contour are major problems of immediate implant treatment. This study aims to examine the changes of alveolar bone and soft tissue after immediate implant placement in different buccal gap distances.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eight implants were placed randomly in the mandibular premolar sockets of 6 hybrid dogs with 1, 2, and 3 mm buccal gap distances. The dogs were killed after 2 or 4 months for morphometric and microcomputed tomography analyses.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  After 2 months, the 3-mm group had the highest buccal bone volume (BV), buccal bone/soft tissue thickness, and the lowest bone resorption. The wider the buccal gap, the more buccal bone and soft tissue were formed in this experimental setting. After 4 months, the buccal BV had decreased significantly in the 1-mm and the 2-mm groups, whereas the 3-mm group resisted to buccal bone resorption. This difference was more pronounced at the crest.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The 3 mm is the optimal gap distance among the groups examined, which drastically influences the healing of bone and soft tissue surrounding the implants.
authors.affiliation: *Postgraduate Student, Department of Oral Implantology and Regenerative Dental Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan. †Clinical Fellow, Department of Prosthodontics, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada. ‡Associate Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA. §Professor, Department of Oral Implantology and Regenerative Dental Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Warunee
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Pluemsakunthai
authors.forename: Bach
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Le
authors.forename: Shohei
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kasugai
mesh_terms: D016301:Alveolar Bone Loss / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology*; D000539:Alveolar Process / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D000818:Animals; D003758:Dental Implantation, Endosseous / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D015921:Dental Implants / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004285:Dogs; D005882:Gingival Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology; D008336:Mandibular Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology; D055114:X-Ray Microtomography
chemical_list: D015921:Dental Implants