title: Transcriptional response of stress-regulated genes to industrial effluent exposure in the cockle Cerastoderma glaucum.
abstract: This study assessed the responses of molecular biomarkers and heavy metal levels in Cerastoderma glaucum exposed for 1 week to two industrial effluents (1%) discharged into the Tunisian coastal area, F1 and F2, produced by different units of production of a phosphate treatment plant. A significant uptake of metals (Cd, Cu, Zn, and Ni) was observed in exposed cockles compared to controls, with an uptake higher for F1 than for F2. A decrease in LT50 (stress on stress test) was also observed after an exposure to the effluent F1. Treatments resulted in different patterns of messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of the different genes tested in this report. Gene transcription monitoring performed on seven genes potentially involved in the tolerance to metal exposure showed that for both exposures, mechanisms are rapidly and synchronically settled down to prevent damage to cellular components, by (1) handling and exporting out metal ions through the up-regulation of ATP-binding cassette xenobiotic transporter (ABCB1) and metallothionein (MT), (2) increasing the mRNA expression of antioxidant enzymes (catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutases, CuZnSOD and MnSOD), (3) protecting and/or repairing proteins through the expression of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) mRNAs, and (4) increasing ATP production (through the up-regulation of cytochrome c oxidase 1 (CO1)) to provide energy for cells to tolerate stress exposure. The tools developed may be useful both for future control strategies and for the use of the cockle C. glaucum as a sentinel species.
authors.affiliation: EA 2460 Mer Molécules Santé, Institut Universitaire Mer et Littoral - FR3473 CNRS, Université du Maine - Le Mans, 72085, Le Mans Cedex, France.|Laboratoire d'Ecotoxicologie Marine et Environnementale, Université de Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia.
authors.forename: Sahar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Karray
authors.affiliation: EA 2460 Mer Molécules Santé, Institut Universitaire Mer et Littoral - FR3473 CNRS, Université du Maine - Le Mans, 72085, Le Mans Cedex, France.
authors.forename: Emmanuelle
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tastard
authors.affiliation: EA 2460 Mer Molécules Santé, Institut Universitaire Mer et Littoral - FR3473 CNRS, Université du Maine - Le Mans, 72085, Le Mans Cedex, France.
authors.forename: Brigitte
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Moreau
authors.affiliation: UMR-I 02 Stress Environnementaux et Biosurveillance des Milieux aquatiques (SEBIO), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Moulin de la Housse, BP 1039, 51687, Reims Cedex 2, France.
authors.forename: Laurence
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Delahaut
authors.affiliation: UMR-I 02 Stress Environnementaux et Biosurveillance des Milieux aquatiques (SEBIO), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Moulin de la Housse, BP 1039, 51687, Reims Cedex 2, France.
authors.forename: Alain
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Geffard
authors.affiliation: UMR 7312 CNRS-URCA Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims (ICMR) Groupe Chimie de Coordination, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Moulin de la Housse, BP 1039, 51687, Reims Cedex 2, France.
authors.forename: Emmanuel
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Guillon
authors.affiliation: EA 2460 Mer Molécules Santé, Institut Universitaire Mer et Littoral - FR3473 CNRS, Université du Maine - Le Mans, 72085, Le Mans Cedex, France.|UMR 7208 CNRS-MNHN-IRD-UPMC, Biologie des Organismes et des Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), Concarneau, France.
authors.forename: Françoise
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Denis
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire d'Ecotoxicologie Marine et Environnementale, Université de Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia.
authors.forename: Amel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hamza-Chaffai
authors.affiliation: EA 2460 Mer Molécules Santé, Institut Universitaire Mer et Littoral - FR3473 CNRS, Université du Maine - Le Mans, 72085, Le Mans Cedex, France.
authors.forename: Benoît
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Chénais
authors.affiliation: EA 2460 Mer Molécules Santé, Institut Universitaire Mer et Littoral - FR3473 CNRS, Université du Maine - Le Mans, 72085, Le Mans Cedex, France. justine.marchand@univ-lemans.fr.
authors.forename: Justine
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Marchand
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001692:Biological Transport; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D049873:Cardiidae / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D007220:Industrial Waste; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D007220:Industrial Waste; D019216:Metals, Heavy; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical
keywords: Cerastoderma glaucum; Gene expression; Heavy metals; Industrial effluent; Phosphate treatment plant; qPCR