title: Cytochrome P450 1A2 co-determines neuroleptic load and may diminish tardive dyskinesia by increased inducibility.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to investigate a possible association between tardive dyskinesia (TD) and CYP1A2 (*1F, -163C>А, rs762551) polymorphism in Russian psychiatric inpatients.
  
  
  METHODS
  TD was assessed cross-sectionally using the Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale (AIMS). Orofacial and limb-truncal dyskinesia were assessed with AIMS 1-4 and 5-7, respectively. Standard protocols were applied for genotyping. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used to compare the mean AIMS scores for each of the genotypic classes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 319 Caucasian patients from West Siberia with schizophrenia and 117 healthy volunteers were investigated. No significant differences between the patients and the controls in genotype frequencies were found. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) with age, sex, duration of disease, chlorpromazine equivalent (CPZEQ) incorporated as covariates showed that limb-truncal, but not orofacial TD, is associated with CYP1A2 (-163C>, rs762551) polymorphism (F = 3.27, P = 0.039). Patients with the C/C genotype had a higher mean AIMS 5-7 score than those with the A/C or the A/A genotype.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results support the hypothesis that not only with clozapine, but also with other classical and atypical antipsychotics, smoking may decrease plasma levels; this is most extensively expressed in carriers of the CYP1A2*1F (-163C> A) polymorphism.
authors.affiliation: Mental Health Research Institute, Siberian Branch of RAMSc, Tomsk, Russian Federation.
authors.forename: Svetlana A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Ivanova
authors.forename: Valentina A
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: Toshchakova
authors.forename: Maxim L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Filipenko
authors.forename: Olga Yu
authors.initials: OY
authors.lastname: Fedorenko
authors.forename: Evgenia G
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Boyarko
authors.forename: Anastasia S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Boiko
authors.forename: Arkadiy V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Semke
authors.forename: Nikolay A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Bokhan
authors.forename: Lyubomir I
authors.initials: LI
authors.lastname: Aftanas
authors.forename: Anton J M
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Loonen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003024:Clozapine / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019388:Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2 / Q000235:genetics*; D004409:Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D012426:Russia; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy; D012907:Smoking; D044465:White People
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; C504573:CYP1A2 protein, human; D019388:Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2; D003024:Clozapine
keywords: CYP1A2 gene; enzyme induction; schizophrenia; tardive dyskinesia; tobacco smoking