title: Clinical manifestations of non-O1 Vibrio cholerae infections.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Infections caused by non-O1 Vibrio cholera are uncommon. The aim of our study was to investigate the clinical and microbiological characteristics of patients with non-O1 V. cholera infections.
  
  
  METHODS
  The clinical charts of all patients with non-O1 V. cholera infections and who were treated in two hospitals in Taiwan were retrospectively reviewed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  From July 2009 to June 2014, a total of 83 patients with non-O1 V. cholera infections were identified based on the databank of the bacteriology laboratories of two hospitals. The overall mean age was 53.3 years, and men comprised 53 (63.9%) of the patients. Liver cirrhosis and diabetes mellitus were the two most common underlying diseases, followed by malignancy. The most common type of infection was acute gastroenteritis (n = 45, 54.2%), followed by biliary tract infection (n = 12, 14.5%) and primary bacteremia (n = 11, 13.3%). Other types of infection, such as peritonitis (n = 5, 6.0%), skin and soft tissue infection (SSTI) (n = 5, 6.0%), urinary tract infection (n = 3, 3.6%) and pneumonia (2, 2.4%), were rare. July and June were the most common months of occurrence of V. cholera infections. The overall in-hospital mortality of 83 patients with V. cholera infections was 7.2%, but it was significantly higher for patients with primary bacteremia, hemorrhage bullae, acute kidney injury, acute respiratory failure, or admission to an ICU. Furthermore, multivariate analysis showed that in-hospital mortality was significantly associated with acute respiratory failure (odds ratio, 60.47; 95% CI, 4.79-763.90, P = 0.002).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Non-O1 V. cholera infections can cause protean disease, especially in patients with risk factors and during warm-weather months. The overall mortality of 83 patients with non-O1 V. cholera infections was only 7.2%; however, this value varied among different types of infection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yen-Ting
authors.initials: YT
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Health and Nutrition, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Hung-Jen
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Liouying, Tainan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chien-Ming
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Chao
authors.affiliation: Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Liouying, Tainan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chih-Cheng
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Lai
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002771:Cholera / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D017052:Hospital Mortality; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014734:Vibrio cholerae / Q000502:physiology*