title: Noninvasive diagnosis of dysfunctions in patients after organ transplantation by monitoring the redox potential of blood serum.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The problem of noninvasive diagnosis of transplant dysfunction in patients is one of the most complex problems in transplantology at the present time. Because transplanted organs can be ischemic, the measurement of redox potential (RP) in blood serum reflects the prooxidant-antioxidant balance in the organism. It was hypothesized that certain dysfunctions and postoperative complications in transplant patients may be accompanied by a change in the RP of blood plasma.
  
  
  METHODS
  Monitoring of the RP in the blood serum of patients was performed as a noninvasive method of diagnosis of transplant dysfunctions. The RP values were measured in blood serum of 63 apparently healthy subjects. Monitoring of blood serum RP was performed in 64 liver transplant patients, 59 kidney allotransplantation patients and six lung transplant patients. A total of 1,759 measurements were performed in 192 total subjects. Statistical analysis of RP values was performed using the Statistica 6.0 software package.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The proposed method is based on the electrochemical measurement of the open-circuit potential of the platinum electrode immersed in blood serum because the measured value reflects the state of equilibrium between prooxidant and antioxidant systems of the organism. Shifts in values of the RPs (open circuit potentials) observed in the course of monitoring are significantly different in patients with transplant dysfunction compared to patients with unremarkable recoveries. The analysis of monitoring allows for the development of certain diagnostic and prognostic criteria of transplant dysfunction. It is important that the proposed method is noninvasive, simple, and inexpensive.
authors.affiliation: 1 Liberty University, Lynchburg, VA. 2 N.V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute of Emergency Medicine, Moscow, Russia. 3 The University of Sheffield, South Yorkshire, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Michael M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Goldin
authors.forename: Mogely Sh
authors.initials: MSh
authors.lastname: Khubutia
authors.forename: Anatoly K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Evseev
authors.forename: Mark M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Goldin
authors.forename: Alexey V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Pinchuk
authors.forename: Elza I
authors.initials: EI
authors.lastname: Pervakova
authors.forename: Yevgeny A
authors.initials: YA
authors.lastname: Tarabrin
authors.forename: Peter J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Hall
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D055664:Electrochemical Techniques; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects; D016031:Liver Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects; D016040:Lung Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016377:Organ Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology; D011184:Postoperative Period; D011379:Prognosis; D012016:Reference Values; D044967:Serum / Q000378:metabolism; D055815:Young Adult