title: Antioxidant cerium oxide nanoparticle hydrogels for cellular encapsulation.
abstract: Oxidative stress and the resulting radical by-products cause significant toxicity and graft loss in cellular transplantation. Here, the engineering of an auto-catalytic, antioxidant, self-renewing cerium oxide nanoparticle (CONP)-composite hydrogel is reported. This enzyme-mimetic material ubiquitously scavenges ambient free radicals, with the potential to provide indefinite antioxidant protection. The potential of this system to enhance the protection of encapsulated beta cells was evaluated. Co-incubation of CONPs free in solution with beta cells demonstrated potent cytoprotection from superoxide exposure; however, phagocytosis of the CONPs by the beta cells resulted in cytotoxicity at concentrations as low as 1mM. When CONPs were embedded within alginate hydrogels, the composite hydrogel provided cytoprotection to encapsulated beta cells from free radical attack without cytotoxicity, even up to 10mM. This nanocomposite hydrogel has wide applicability in cellular transplantation, with the unique advantage of localization of these potent antioxidant CONPs and their capacity for sustained, long-term scavenging.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA; Diabetes Research Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
authors.forename: Jessica D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Weaver
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA; Diabetes Research Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA; Department of Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA. Electronic address: cstabler@bme.ufl.edu.
authors.forename: Cherie L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Stabler
mesh_terms: D000464:Alginates / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002384:Catalysis; D016923:Cell Death / Q000187:drug effects; D002460:Cell Line; D018914:Cells, Immobilized / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D002563:Cerium / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019610:Cytoprotection / Q000187:drug effects; D003911:Dextrans / Q000737:chemistry; D020723:Glucuronic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D006603:Hexuronic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology; D020100:Hydrogels / Q000494:pharmacology*; D050417:Insulin-Secreting Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D051379:Mice; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D012996:Solutions; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared
chemical_list: D000464:Alginates; D000975:Antioxidants; D003911:Dextrans; D006603:Hexuronic Acids; D020100:Hydrogels; D012996:Solutions; D002563:Cerium; C030583:ceric oxide; D020723:Glucuronic Acid
keywords: Alginate; Beta cell; Free radical; Immunoisolation; Nanoceria