title: Biotransformation of 2,4-dinitrotoluene by obligate marine Shewanella marisflavi EP1 under anaerobic conditions.
abstract: Anaerobic transformation of 2,4-DNT by obligate marine Shewanella marisflavi EP1 was investigated. The cell growth of EP1 was proportional to the total amount of 2,4-DNT reduced. The eventual transformation product was 2,4-diaminotoluene, via 2-amino-4-nitrotoluene and 4-amino-2-nitrotoluene as intermediates. The presence of Cu(2+), dicumarol, metyrapone and flavins intensively influenced the reduction activity of 2,4-DNT, suggesting that dehydrogenease, menaquinone, cytochromes and flavins are essentially involved in electron transport process for 2,4-DNT reduction. These results indicate that biotransformation of 2,4-DNT by EP1 is a form of microbial anaerobic respiration. Furthermore, EP1 was capable of transforming 2,4-DNT at relatively alkaline range of pH (7-9), and at a wide range of temperature (4-40°C) and salinity (2-8% NaCl concentration). Our findings not only deepen our understanding of the environmental fate of 2,4-DNT, but also provide an extension to the application of shewanellae in the site bioremediation and/or wastewater treatment.
authors.affiliation: College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China.
authors.forename: Jiexun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China.
authors.forename: Guojing
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ning
authors.affiliation: College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China.
authors.forename: Feili
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China. Electronic address: dansheng@tongji.edu.cn.
authors.forename: G Daniel
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Sheng
mesh_terms: D000693:Anaerobiosis; D059001:Aquatic Organisms / Q000378:metabolism; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D004136:Dinitrobenzenes / Q000378:metabolism*; D004579:Electron Transport; D019015:Geologic Sediments / Q000382:microbiology; D010655:Phenylenediamines / Q000378:metabolism; D020592:Shewanella / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000378:metabolism; D013696:Temperature; D014052:Toluidines / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D004136:Dinitrobenzenes; D010655:Phenylenediamines; D014052:Toluidines; C029333:4-amino-2-nitrotoluene; D012965:Sodium Chloride; C016403:2,4-dinitrotoluene; C010914:2,4-diaminotoluene
keywords: Anaerobic reduction; Biotransformation; Dinitrotoluene; Shewanella