title: Enteral nutrition in neonatal and pediatric extracorporeal life support: a survey of current practice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to characterize enteral (EN) nutrition practices in neonatal and pediatric patients receiving extracorporeal life support (ECLS).
  
  
  METHODS
  A Web-based survey was administered to program directors and coordinators of Extracorporeal Life Support Organization centers providing neonatal and pediatric ECLS. The survey assessed patient and clinical factors relating to the administration of EN.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 122 responses (122/521, 23.4%) from 96 institutions (96/187; 51.3%) were received. One hundred fifteen provided neonatal or pediatric ECLS, and 84.2% reported utilizing EN during ECLS. 55% and 71% of respondents provide EN 'often' or 'always' for venoarterial and venovenous ECLS, respectively. EN was reported as given 'often' or 'always' by 24% with increased vasopressor support, 53% with "stable" vasopressor support, and 60% with weaning of vasopressor support. Favorable diagnosis for providing EN includes respiratory distress syndrome, pneumonia, asthma, trauma/post-operative, pulmonary hemorrhage, and infectious cardiomyopathy. Vasopressor requirement and underlying diagnosis were the primary or secondary determinant of whether to provide EN 81% and 72% of the time. 38% reported an established protocol for providing EN.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  EN support is common but not uniform among neonatal and pediatric patients receiving ECLS. ECLS mode, vasopressor status, and underlying diagnosis play an important role in the decision to provide EN.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MI, United States; Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, United States.
authors.forename: Thomas J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Desmarais
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MI, United States.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MI, United States.
authors.forename: Martin S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Keller
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MI, United States. Electronic address: vogelam@wudosis.wustl.edu.
authors.forename: Adam M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Vogel
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D003422:Critical Care / Q000379:methods*; D004750:Enteral Nutrition; D015199:Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007232:Infant, Newborn, Diseases / Q000628:therapy*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents
keywords: ECLS; ECMO; Extracorporeal life support; critical care; enteral; nutrition