title: Urban inclusion as wellbeing: Exploring children's accounts of confronting diversity on inner city streets.
abstract: The diversity of people living in a city is often most visible on inner city streets. These streets are also the neighbourhood environment of children who live in the central city. In the past, the wellbeing and sensibilities of children have been marginalised in planning practices in western cities but this is beginning to change with child-friendly and inclusive city discourses now more common. In this paper we report on children's experiences confronting diversity in inner-city Auckland. In 2012, 40 inner-city children, 9-12 years, participated in walking interviews in their local streets and school-based focus group discussions. As the children talked about their lives, moving and playing around neighbourhood streets, many described distress and discomfort as they confronted homelessness, drunkenness, and signs of the sex industry. A few older children also described strategies for coping with these encounters, an emerging acceptance of difference and pride in becoming streetwise. New Zealand (NZ) has a history of progressive social policy. In 2003, it became the first country in the world to decriminalise all forms of prostitution. Securing the health and human rights of sex workers were the primary drivers of the reforms. Similar concerns for health and rights underpin broadly inclusive local policies towards homelessness. To promote the health and wellbeing of inner city children their presence on city streets, alongside those of other marginalised groups, needs to be at the forefront of planning concerns. However we conclude that there are inherent tensions in promoting a child-friendly city in which diversity and inclusiveness are also valued.
authors.affiliation: Social and Health Outcomes Research and Evaluation, SHORE and Whariki Research Centre, Massey University, P O Box 6137 Wellesley St, Auckland, New Zealand. Electronic address: k.witten@massey.ac.nz.
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Witten
authors.affiliation: School of Environment, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Robin
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kearns
authors.affiliation: Social and Health Outcomes Research and Evaluation, SHORE and Whariki Research Centre, Massey University, P O Box 6137 Wellesley St, Auckland, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Penelope
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Carroll
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002947:Cities; D018864:Cultural Diversity; D005260:Female; D006296:Health Services; D006703:Ill-Housed Persons; D006801:Humans; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D008297:Male; D009520:New Zealand; D010988:Play and Playthings; D011204:Poverty Areas; D012929:Psychological Distance; D002666:Psychology, Child; D012111:Residence Characteristics; D012574:Schools; D016138:Walking
keywords: Children; Homelessness; Independent mobility; Inner city; Neighbourhood; New Zealand (NZ); Sex industry; Wellbeing