title: Differentiating peer and friend social information-processing effects on stress and glycemic control among youth with type 1 diabetes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Many adolescents with Type 1 diabetes (T1D) find adherence difficult in social situations because they fear negative evaluations by others. These negative reaction attributions are associated with anticipated adherence difficulties, stress, and glycemic control. It is unclear whether peer versus friend attributions are distinct constructs, or whether there is a differential impact on glycemic control moderated by youth characteristics.
  
  
  METHODS
  Youth with T1D (n = 142; 58% female; 84% Caucasian, mean = 13.79 years, standard deviation = 2.10) completed the Peer Attribution and Diabetes Stress Questionnaires. HbA1cs were obtained from medical records.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Negative peer versus friend attributions appear distinct and were differentially related to anticipated adherence difficulties, stress, and glycemic control, with peer attributions having the strongest effect. Grade, age, and sex were not moderators for these relationships.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Peer-related attributions may be a particularly salient target for interventions to improve adherence and distress among youth with T1D.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, The University of Memphis, Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center-Memphis, Department of Educational Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, and Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Department of Psychology, The University of Memphis, Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center-Memphis, Department of Educational Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, and Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee kristoffer.berlin@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Kristoffer S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Berlin
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, The University of Memphis, Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center-Memphis, Department of Educational Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, and Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee.
authors.forename: Anthony A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Hains
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, The University of Memphis, Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center-Memphis, Department of Educational Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, and Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee.
authors.forename: Rebecca C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Kamody
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, The University of Memphis, Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center-Memphis, Department of Educational Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, and Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Department of Psychology, The University of Memphis, Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center-Memphis, Department of Educational Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, and Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee.
authors.forename: Jessica C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Kichler
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, The University of Memphis, Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center-Memphis, Department of Educational Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, and Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee.
authors.forename: W Hobart
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Davies
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001786:Blood Glucose; D002648:Child; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D033062:Friends / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010379:Peer Group; D012919:Social Behavior; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose
keywords: Type 1 diabetes.; adolescents; friends; peers