title: Gastrodiae Rhizoma Ethanol Extract Enhances Pentobarbital-Induced Sleeping Behaviors and Rapid Eye Movement Sleep via the Activation of GABA A -ergic Transmission in Rodents.
abstract: This research was designed to identify whether Gastrodiae Rhizoma ethanol extract (GREE) enhances pentobarbital-induced sleep via  γ-aminobutyric acid- (GABA-) ergic systems and modulated sleep architectures in animals. GREE (25, 50, and 100 mg/kg, p.o.) inhibited locomotor activity in mice, in a dose-dependent manner. GREE not only prolonged total sleep time, but also reduced sleep latency time in pentobarbital (42 mg/kg)-treated mice. Subhypnotic pentobarbital (28 mg/kg, i.p.) also increased the number of total sleeping animals in concomitant administration of GREE. GREE (100 mg/kg) alone reduced the count of sleep-wake cycles in electroencephalogram. Furthermore, GREE increased total sleep time and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. From the in vitro experiments, GREE increased intracellular chloride level in primary cultured cerebellar granule cells. Protein expressions of glutamine acid decarboxylase (GAD) and GABAA receptors subtypes by western blot were increased. Therefore, our study suggested that GREE enhances pentobarbital-induced sleeping behaviors and increased REM via the activation of GABAA-ergic transmission in rodents.
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 361-763, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jae Joon
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 361-763, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Eun-Hye
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 361-763, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Mi Kyeong
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 361-763, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Youn Bok
authors.initials: YB
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 361-763, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jin Tae
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 361-763, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Ki-Wan
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Oh