title: In vitro maturation and its role in clinical assisted reproductive technology.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In vitro maturation (IVM) refers to maturation in culture of immature oocytes that may or may not have been exposed to short courses of gonadotropins. Approximately 5000 live births have occurred as a result of IVM since the 1970s. Currently, IVM is reserved for carefully selected patients at risk for ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome and for those with contraindications to hormone administration. The technology is still considered experimental.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to identify a role for IVM and discuss clinical practices based on the current literature.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a literature review of all available and published data. Relevant studies were identified using PubMed and MEDLINE. Search parameters included "in vitro maturation or IVM" and "oocyte maturation." Multiple case-control studies were identified comparing reproductive outcomes between conventional in vitro fertilization (IVF) and IVM, but no randomized controlled trials have been reported to date comparing IVF and IVM.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Results from retrospective and prospective observational studies have shown decreased live birth and implantation rates in comparison to conventional IVF/intracytoplasmic sperm injection for patients with various indications for IVM. However, rates of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome were significantly reduced in studies with patients with polycystic ovary syndrome.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although the pregnancy rate is lower than conventional IVF, IVM is a safer and simpler alternative to conventional IVF. Future research needs to focus on improving implantation and live birth rates before universal implementation.
authors.affiliation: Researcher-Writer, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mount Sinai St Luke's-Roosevelt, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai.
authors.forename: May-Tal
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Sauerbrun-Cutler
authors.affiliation: Researcher-Writer, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mount Sinai St Luke's-Roosevelt, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai.
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vega
authors.affiliation: Director, Division of Reproductive Endocrinology, Continuum Reproductive Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St Luke's-Roosevelt Hospital Center, Mount Sinai Health System.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Keltz
authors.affiliation: Chair, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mount Sinai St Luke's-Roosevelt Hospitals, New York.
authors.forename: Peter G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: McGovern
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D003144:Communication Barriers; D000013:Congenital Abnormalities / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D005307:Fertilization in Vitro / Q000379:methods*; D058006:General Practice; D006176:Gynecology; D006801:Humans; D059471:In Vitro Oocyte Maturation Techniques / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008607:Intellectual Disability; D064887:Observational Studies as Topic; D009774:Obstetrics; D016471:Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome / Q000209:etiology; D011085:Polycystic Ovary Syndrome / Q000601:surgery; D011247:Pregnancy; D011253:Pregnancy in Adolescence; D011446:Prospective Studies; D027724:Reproductive Techniques, Assisted; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D020554:Sperm Injections, Intracytoplasmic; D014342:Truth Disclosure; D014465:Ultrasonics; D014463:Ultrasonography