title: Point-of-care rare cell cancer diagnostics.
abstract: The sparse cells that are shed from tumors into peripheral circulation are an increasingly promising resource for noninvasive monitoring of cancer progression, early diagnosis of disease, and serve as a tool for improving our understanding of cancer metastasis. However, the extremely sparse concentration of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in blood (~1-100 CTC in 7.5 mL of blood) as well as their heterogeneous biomarker expression has limited their detection using conventional laboratory techniques. To overcome these challenges, we have developed a microfluidic chip-based micro-Hall detector (μHD), which can directly measure single, immunomagnetically tagged cells in whole blood. The μHD can detect individual cells even in the presence of vast numbers of blood cells and unbound reactants, and does not require any washing or purification steps. Furthermore, this cost-effective, single-cell analytical technique is well suited for miniaturization into a mobile platform for low-cost point-of-care use. In this chapter, we describe the methodology used to design, fabricate, and apply these chips to cancer diagnostics.
authors.affiliation: University of Pennsylvania, 210 South 33rd Street, Suite 240 Skirkanich Hall, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-6321, USA, Issadore@seas.upenn.edu.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Issadore
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000903:Antibiotics, Antineoplastic / Q000494:pharmacology; D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D016227:Benzoquinones / Q000494:pharmacology; D018394:CA-125 Antigen / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D016903:Drug Monitoring / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D042241:Early Diagnosis; D000071858:Epithelial Cell Adhesion Molecule; D066246:ErbB Receptors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015870:Gene Expression; D006801:Humans; D018189:Immunomagnetic Separation; D047029:Lactams, Macrocyclic / Q000494:pharmacology; D060526:Magnetic Fields; D051379:Mice; D046210:Microfluidic Analytical Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation*; D055616:Microtechnology; D018396:Mucin-1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D009360:Neoplastic Cells, Circulating; D019095:Point-of-Care Systems; D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D059010:Single-Cell Analysis / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D017216:Telemedicine / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D023041:Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
chemical_list: D000903:Antibiotics, Antineoplastic; D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm; D016227:Benzoquinones; D018394:CA-125 Antigen; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; D000071858:Epithelial Cell Adhesion Molecule; D066246:ErbB Receptors; D047029:Lactams, Macrocyclic; D018396:Mucin-1; D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases; C499379:EPCAM protein, human; C060192:MUC1 protein, human; C512478:EGFR protein, human; C508053:ERBB2 protein, human; C001277:geldanamycin