title: Flow cytometric analysis of lymphoid enhancer-binding factor 1 in diagnosis of chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Nuclear overexpression of lymphoid enhancer-binding factor 1 (LEF1) assessed by immunohistochemistry has been shown to be highly associated with chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma (CLL/SLL) among small B-cell lymphomas. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the utility of flow cytometric analysis of LEF1 in the diagnosis of CLL/SLL.
  
  
  METHODS
  Normal peripheral blood was used to validate the test. Flow cytometric analysis of LEF1 was performed in 64 patient samples qualitatively and quantitatively by comparing the staining intensity and the ratios of the median fluorescence intensities (MFIs) of LEF1 in B cells of interest to the internal reference cell populations. The results were correlated with the pathologic diagnosis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Proper sample processing ensured sufficient separation of positive LEF1 staining in T cells from negative staining in normal B and natural killer (NK) cells. Qualitative analysis of patient samples showed that all 25 cases of CLL/SLL but none of the other small B-cell lymphomas were positive for LEF1. Using a B/NK MFI ratio of 1.5 and B/T MFI ratio of 0.45 separated CLL/SLL cases from non-CLL lymphomas.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Flow cytometric analysis of LEF1 is sufficient to differentiate CLL/SLL from other small B-cell lymphomas and may serve as a useful tool in the diagnosis of CLL/SLL.
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL.
authors.forename: Catalina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Amador-Ortiz
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL. From the Department of Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL.
authors.forename: Charles L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Goolsby
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL. From the Department of Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL.
authors.forename: LoAnn C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Peterson
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL.
authors.forename: Kristy L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Wolniak
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL. From the Department of Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL.
authors.forename: Janet L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: McLaughlin
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL.
authors.forename: Juehua
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL. From the Department of Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL. y-chen5@northwestern.edu.
authors.forename: Yi-Hua
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis*; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D015451:Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell / Q000175:diagnosis*; D051821:Lymphoid Enhancer-Binding Factor 1 / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; C497573:LEF1 protein, human; D051821:Lymphoid Enhancer-Binding Factor 1
keywords: Chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma (CLL/SLL); Flow cytometry; LEF1