title: Cesarean Delivery and Risk for Subsequent Ectopic Pregnancy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aims to examine the risk for subsequent ectopic pregnancy in women with prior cesarean delivery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Women with a history of at least one cesarean delivery in the state of Utah during 1996 to 2011 were identified and compared with women with vaginal delivery only. The primary outcome was subsequent ectopic pregnancy. Data were analyzed by multivariate logistic regression and stratified by first, second, or third live births. Model covariates included maternal age, ethnicity, marital status, education level, gravidity, and prior ectopic pregnancy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, 260,249 women with at least one live birth were identified. After exclusions, 255,082, 154,930, and 70,228 women had at least one, two, and three prior live births that lead to 531, 199, and 62 subsequent ectopic pregnancies, respectively. Women who had one prior cesarean delivery were not at increased risk for subsequent ectopic pregnancy in relation to women with no prior cesarean delivery. However, women with two of two, two of three, or three of three prior cesareans had increased risk for subsequent ectopic pregnancy with odds ratios (95% confidence interval) of 1.54 (1.06-2.22), 3.50 (1.49-8.24), and 1.99 (1.00-3.98), respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  History of two or three cesarean deliveries is associated with increased risk for subsequent ectopic pregnancy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah.
authors.forename: Zachary S
authors.initials: ZS
authors.lastname: Bowman
authors.affiliation: Department of Population Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah.
authors.forename: Ken R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah.
authors.forename: Robert M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Silver
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002585:Cesarean Section / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000209:etiology*; D011271:Pregnancy, Ectopic / Q000209:etiology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D014589:Utah; D055815:Young Adult