title: Prevalence of hepatitis C virus in mothers and their children in Malawi.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Hepatitis C virus (HCV) prevalence is poorly mapped in the East African region; with the advent of novel HCV therapies, better epidemiological data are required to target the infection. We sought to estimate HCV prevalence in healthy Malawian mothers and assess mother-to-child transmission (MTCT); context is provided by reviewing previously published HCV prevalence data from the region.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using ELISA screening and confirmatory blot, serological testing of 418 healthy Malawian mothers for HCV was performed. To examine MTCT, the children of any positive women were also tested for HCV; all children had malignant disease unrelated to hepatocellular carcinoma. We compared our results to published literature on HCV prevalence in Malawi and its neighbouring countries.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Three of 418 women were HCV reactive by ELISA; two were confirmed positive by immunoblot (0.5%). One child of an HCV-infected mother was HCV seropositive. The literature review revealed HCV prevalence ranging from 0 to 7.2% in the region, being highest in Tanzania and specifically for cohorts of inpatients and HIV-co-infected people. The overall estimated prevalence of HCV in Malawi was 1.0% (95%CI 0.7-1.4) when all studies were included (including this one), but lower in healthy cohorts alone at 0.3% (95%CI 0.1-1.2).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is the first study using confirmatory tests to examine HCV prevalence in healthy Malawian mothers; the prevalence was low. Future studies need to address the source of infection in healthy women.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Immunology and Infection, University of York, York, UK.
authors.forename: James M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Fox
authors.affiliation: Epidemiology and Cancer Statistics Group, University of York, York, UK.|MRC/UVRI Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, Entebbe, Uganda.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Newton
authors.affiliation: Centre for Immunology and Infection, University of York, York, UK.
authors.forename: Marija
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bedaj
authors.affiliation: York Trials Unit, University of York, York, UK.
authors.forename: Ada
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Keding
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatrics, College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi.
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Molyneux
authors.affiliation: Nuffield College, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
authors.forename: Lucy M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Carpenter
authors.affiliation: Centre for Immunology and Infection, University of York, York, UK.
authors.forename: Fabiola
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.affiliation: Epidemiology and Cancer Statistics Group, University of York, York, UK.
authors.forename: Nora
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mutalima
keywords: 
  HCV
  ; 
  VHC
  ; Hepatitis C; Malawi; epidemiology; epidemiología.; hepatitis C virus; hépatite C; prevalence; prevalencia; prévalence; serology; serología; sérologie; épidémiologie