title: Lipid peroxidation in brain or spinal cord mitochondria after injury.
abstract: Extensive evidence has demonstrated an important role of oxygen radical formation (i.e., oxidative stress) as a mediator of the secondary injury process that occurs following primary mechanical injury to the brain or spinal cord. The predominant form of oxygen radical-induced oxidative damage that occurs in injured nervous tissue is lipid peroxidation (LP). Much of the oxidative stress in injured nerve cells initially begins in mitochondria via the generation of the reactive nitrogen species peroxynitrite (PN) which then can generate multiple highly reactive free radicals including nitrogen dioxide (•NO2), hydroxyl radical (•OH) and carbonate radical (•CO3). Each can readily induce LP within the phospholipid membranes of the mitochondrion leading to respiratory dysfunction, calcium buffering impairment, mitochondrial permeability transition and cell death. Validation of the role of LP in central nervous system secondary injury has been provided by the mitochondrial and neuroprotective effects of multiple antioxidant agents which are briefly reviewed.
authors.affiliation: Spinal Cord & Brain Injury Research Center (SCoBIRC), University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA. edhall@uky.edu.|Anatomy & Neurobiology, Neurosurgery, Neurology and Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, University of Kentucky Medical Center, Room B477, Biomedical & Biological Sciences Research Building 741 S. Limestone Street, BBSRB Room 477, Lexington, KY, 40536-0509, USA. edhall@uky.edu.
authors.forename: Edward D
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Hall
authors.affiliation: Spinal Cord & Brain Injury Research Center (SCoBIRC), University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA.
authors.forename: Juan A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Spinal Cord & Brain Injury Research Center (SCoBIRC), University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA.
authors.forename: Jeffrey M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Bosken
authors.affiliation: Spinal Cord & Brain Injury Research Center (SCoBIRC), University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA.
authors.forename: Indrapal N
authors.initials: IN
authors.lastname: Singh
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D013131:Spine / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology
keywords: Antioxidant; Lipid peroxidation; Mitochondria; Oxidative stress; Spinal cord injury; Traumatic brain injury