title: Extrahuman epidemiology of Acinetobacter baumannii in Lebanon.
abstract: The presence of Acinetobacter baumannii outside hospitals is still a controversial issue. The objective of our study was to explore the extrahospital epidemiology of A. baumannii in Lebanon. From February 2012 to October 2013, a total of 73 water samples, 51 soil samples, 37 raw cow milk samples, 50 cow meat samples, 7 raw cheese samples, and 379 animal samples were analyzed by cultural methods for the presence of A. baumannii. Species identification was performed by rpoB gene sequencing. Antibiotic susceptibility was investigated, and the A. baumannii population was studied by two genotyping approaches: multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and blaOXA-51 sequence-based typing (SBT). A. baumannii was detected in 6.9% of water samples, 2.7% of milk samples, 8.0% of meat samples, 14.3% of cheese samples, and 7.7% of animal samples. All isolates showed a susceptible phenotype against most of the antibiotics tested and lacked carbapenemase-encoding genes, except one that harbored a blaOXA-143 gene. MLST analysis revealed the presence of 36 sequence types (STs), among which 24 were novel STs reported for the first time in this study. blaOXA-51 SBT showed the presence of 34 variants, among which 21 were novel and all were isolated from animal origins. Finally, 30 isolates had new partial rpoB sequences and were considered putative new Acinetobacter species. In conclusion, animals can be a potential reservoir for A. baumannii and the dissemination of new emerging carbapenemases. The roles of the novel animal clones identified in community-acquired infections should be investigated.
authors.affiliation: L'UNAM Université, Université d'Angers, Groupe d'Etude des Interactions Hôte-Pathogène, UPRES EA3142, Institut de Biologie en Santé-IRIS, CHU, Angers, France Laboratoire Microbiologie Santé et Environnement (LMSE), Centre AZM pour la Recherche en Biotechnologie et Ses Applications, Université Libanaise, Tripoli, Lebanon.
authors.forename: Rayane
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rafei
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire Microbiologie Santé et Environnement (LMSE), Centre AZM pour la Recherche en Biotechnologie et Ses Applications, Université Libanaise, Tripoli, Lebanon.
authors.forename: Monzer
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hamze
authors.affiliation: L'UNAM Université, Université d'Angers, Groupe d'Etude des Interactions Hôte-Pathogène, UPRES EA3142, Institut de Biologie en Santé-IRIS, CHU, Angers, France Laboratoire de Bactériologie, Institut de Biologie en Santé-PBH, CHU, Angers, France.
authors.forename: Hélène
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Pailhoriès
authors.affiliation: L'UNAM Université, Université d'Angers, Groupe d'Etude des Interactions Hôte-Pathogène, UPRES EA3142, Institut de Biologie en Santé-IRIS, CHU, Angers, France Laboratoire de Bactériologie, Institut de Biologie en Santé-PBH, CHU, Angers, France.
authors.forename: Matthieu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Eveillard
authors.affiliation: ATOMycA, INSERM Avenir Team, CRCNA, INSERM U892, 6299 CNRS and l'UNAM, CHU and Université d'Angers, Angers, France.
authors.forename: Laurent
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Marsollier
authors.affiliation: L'UNAM Université, Université d'Angers, Groupe d'Etude des Interactions Hôte-Pathogène, UPRES EA3142, Institut de Biologie en Santé-IRIS, CHU, Angers, France Laboratoire de Bactériologie, Institut de Biologie en Santé-PBH, CHU, Angers, France.
authors.forename: Marie-Laure
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Joly-Guillou
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire Microbiologie Santé et Environnement (LMSE), Centre AZM pour la Recherche en Biotechnologie et Ses Applications, Université Libanaise, Tripoli, Lebanon.
authors.forename: Fouad
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Dabboussi
authors.affiliation: L'UNAM Université, Université d'Angers, Groupe d'Etude des Interactions Hôte-Pathogène, UPRES EA3142, Institut de Biologie en Santé-IRIS, CHU, Angers, France Laboratoire de Bactériologie, Institut de Biologie en Santé-PBH, CHU, Angers, France makempf@chu-angers.fr.
authors.forename: Marie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kempf
mesh_terms: D000151:Acinetobacter Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D040981:Acinetobacter baumannii / Q000145:classification / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D002417:Cattle; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D012321:DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases / Q000235:genetics; D005516:Food Microbiology; D005838:Genotype; D007861:Lebanon / Q000453:epidemiology; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D058889:Molecular Typing; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D012988:Soil Microbiology; D014871:Water Microbiology
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D012321:DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases; C105078:RNA polymerase beta subunit