title: Association of methylation of the RAR-β gene with cigarette smoking in non-small cell lung cancer with Southern-Central Chinese population.
abstract: Pathogenesis of lung cancer is a complicated biological process including multiple genetic and epigenetic changes. Since cigarette smoking is confirmed as the most main risk factor of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), the aim of this study was to determine whether tobacco exposure plays a role in gene methylation. Methylation of the RAR-β gene were detected using methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction in DNA from 167 newly diagnosed cases with NSCLC and corresponding 105 controls. A significant statistical association was found in the detection rate of the promoter methylation of RAR-β gene between NSCLC and controls (x2=166.01; p<0.01), and hypermethylation of the RAR-β gene was significantly associated with smoking status (p=0.038, p<0.05). No relationship was found between RAR-β gene methylation and pathologic staging including clinical stage, cell type, gender and drinking (p>0.05), and the methylation of RAR-β gene rate of NSCLC was slightly higher in stages III+IV (80.0%) than in I+II (70.8%). Similar results were obtained for methylation of the RAR-β gene between squamous cell carcinoma (77.9%) and other cell type lung cancer (73.9%). These results showed that the frequency of methylation increased gradually with the development of clinical stage in smoking-associated lung cancer patients, and tobacco smoke may be play a potential role in RAR-β gene methylation in the early pathogenesis and process in lung cancer, particularly squamous cell carcinoma. Aberrant promoter methylation is considered to be a promising marker of previous carcinogen exposure and cancer risk.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Green Packaging and Application of Biological Nanotechnology of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou, Hunan Province, P.R. China E-mail : dengjing0102@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Wen
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.forename: Shuang-Shuang
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Liang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Jiang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pei
authors.forename: Xiao-Xi
authors.initials: XX
authors.lastname: Zeng
authors.forename: Jian-Xin
authors.initials: JX
authors.lastname: Tang
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D044466:Asian People / Q000235:genetics*; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D019175:DNA Methylation; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011379:Prognosis; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D018168:Receptors, Retinoic Acid / Q000235:genetics*; D012907:Smoking / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D018168:Receptors, Retinoic Acid; C082925:retinoic acid receptor beta