title: Clinical impact of endoscopic ultrasonography for small rectal neuroendocrine tumors.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) is helpful for evaluating the depth of tumor invasion and lymph node metastasis of rectal neuroendocrine tumors (NETs). The aim of this study was to clarify the clinical impact of EUS for rectal NETs less than 10 mm in diameter.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 76 rectal NETs treated at our hospital between June 2006 and March 2013 were reviewed retrospectively. All lesions were analyzed with EUS to evaluate the depth of tumor invasion. The lesions were resected by endoscopic submucosal resection with band ligation (ESMR-L) or endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) and examined histologically.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Endoscopic ultrasonography findings showed that all lesions were confined to the submucosa and revealed no adjacent lymph node metastasis. Seventy-five of the 76 lesions were completely resected by ESMR-L. One lesion was resected by ESD and the resected deep margin of the lesion was histologically positive. Only one lesion exhibited lymphatic invasion.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  EUS may not be essential for diagnosis and treatment planning for rectal NETs less than 10 mm in size.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea. moonone70@hanmail.net.
authors.forename: Jae Hyun
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Won
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Moon
authors.forename: Seun Ja
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Moo In
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Sung Eun
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Ki Hwan
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Ku
authors.forename: Gyu Won
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Young Jung
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Choi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D019160:Endosonography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D018358:Neuroendocrine Tumors / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D012004:Rectal Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology / Q000556:secondary; D012189:Retrospective Studies