title: Helicobacter pylori infection impacts on functional dyspepsia in Thailand.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a well known major cause of gastric cancer and even when asymptomatic infected patients are at elevated risk. Functional dyspepsia (FD) is also one of the most common gastrointestinal diseases, which greatly impacts the quality of life. H. pylori infection and psychosocial stress are frequently associated with FD but limited studies have confirmed the relationships, especially in Southeast Asian countries. Here we aimed to investigate the prevalence and impact of H. pylori infection, anxiety and depression on Thai FD patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  This cross-sectional study was conducted in a tertiary care center in Thailand, during February 2013-January 2014. All FD patients were diagnosed and categorized by Rome III criteria into epigastric pain syndrome (EPS) and postprandial distress syndrome (PDS) groups. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale was used to evaluate psychological status. The presence of H. pylori was defined as positive with H. pylori culture, positive rapid urease test or positive histology.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Three hundred FD patients were included, 174 (58%) female. Overall mean age was 54.8+15.1 years. There were 192 (64%) patients with PDS and 108 (36%) with EPS. H. pylori infection was demonstrated in 70 (23.3%) patients. Anxiety and depression were documented in 69 (23%) and 22 (7.3%), respectively. H. pylori infection, anxiety and depression were significantly higher in PDS than EPS patients (27.1% vs 16.7%; p=0.04; OR=1.86; 95%CI=1.01-3.53 and 29.7% vs 11.1%; p=0.0002; OR=3.4; 95%CI=1.7-7.1 and 10.4% vs 1.9%; p=0.006; OR=6.2; 95%CI=1.4-38.9, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  H. pylori infection, anxiety and depression were commonly found in Thai FD patients and more prevalent in PDS than EPS. H. pylori eradication might be the key to success for the treatment of Thai FD patients and prevent the development of gastric cancer.
authors.affiliation: GI Unit, Department of Medicine, Thammasat University Hospital, Pathumthani, Thailand E-mail : Vilaichone@hotmail. co.th.
authors.forename: Kitiyawadee
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Piriyapong
authors.forename: Anupong
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tangaroonsanti
authors.forename: Varocha
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Mahachai
authors.forename: Ratha-Korn
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Vilaichone
mesh_terms: D001007:Anxiety / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003863:Depression / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D004415:Dyspepsia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D016481:Helicobacter Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D016480:Helicobacter pylori; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D011788:Quality of Life; D013785:Thailand