title: Extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae in children: old foe, emerging threat.
abstract: Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae present an ever-growing burden in the hospital and community settings, across all ages and demographics. Infections due to ESBL-containing pathogens continue to be associated with significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. With widespread empiric broad-spectrum β-lactam use creating selective pressure, and the resultant emergence of stable, rapidly proliferating ESBL-producing clones with continued horizontal gene transfer across genera, addressing this issue remains imperative. Although well characterized in adults, the epidemiology, risk factors, outcomes, therapies, and control measures for ESBL-producing bacteria are less appreciated in children. This analysis provides a brief summary of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae in children, with a focus on recent clinical and molecular data regarding colonization and infection in nonoutbreak settings.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics.
authors.forename: Paul J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Lukac
authors.affiliation: Research Service, Louis Stokes Cleveland Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center Department of Medicine Department of Pharmacology Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Case Western Reserve School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio.
authors.forename: Robert A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Bonomo
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics Section of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Rush University Medical Center, Rush Medical College, Chicago, Illinois Research Service, Louis Stokes Cleveland Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center.
authors.forename: Latania K
authors.initials: LK
authors.lastname: Logan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D024901:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; D004755:Enterobacteriaceae / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D004756:Enterobacteriaceae Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D006801:Humans; D017053:Infection Control; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D012307:Risk Factors; D001618:beta-Lactamases / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D001618:beta-Lactamases
keywords: Enterobacteriaceae infections; child; drug resistance; epidemiology; β-lactamases