title: Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection and atrophic gastritis in patients with dyspeptic symptoms in Myanmar.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To survey the detailed analyses for Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection and gastric mucosal status in Myanmar.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 252 volunteers with dyspeptic symptoms (155 female and 97 male; mean age of 43.6 ± 14.2 years) was participated in Yangon and Mandalay. The status of H. pylori infection was determined based on 5 different tests including rapid urease test, culture, histology, immunohistochemistry and serology. Histological scores were evaluated according to the update Sydney system and the Operative Link for Gastritis Assessment system. Pepsinogen (PG) I and PG II were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The overall prevalence of H. pylori infection was 48.0%. There was no relationship between age and infection rate. Even in young group (less than 29 years old), the H. pylori infection rate was relatively high (41.9%). The prevalence of H. pylori infection was significantly higher in Yangon than that of Mandalay. H. pylori infection was significantly associated with the presence of gastric mucosal atrophy. All 7 subjects with peptic ulcer were infected with H. pylori. Although H. pylori-positive subjects showed stronger gastritis than H. pylori-negative subjects, most cases had mild gastritis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We revealed the prevalence of H. pylori infection in patients with dyspeptic symptoms in Myanmar. The H. pylori infection was a risk factor for peptic ulcer and stronger gastritis.
authors.affiliation: Thein Myint, Department of Gastroenterology, Yangon General Hospital and University of Medicine (1), Yangon 11131, Myanmar.
authors.forename: Thein
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Myint
authors.affiliation: Thein Myint, Department of Gastroenterology, Yangon General Hospital and University of Medicine (1), Yangon 11131, Myanmar.
authors.forename: Seiji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shiota
authors.affiliation: Thein Myint, Department of Gastroenterology, Yangon General Hospital and University of Medicine (1), Yangon 11131, Myanmar.
authors.forename: Ratha-korn
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Vilaichone
authors.affiliation: Thein Myint, Department of Gastroenterology, Yangon General Hospital and University of Medicine (1), Yangon 11131, Myanmar.
authors.forename: New
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ni
authors.affiliation: Thein Myint, Department of Gastroenterology, Yangon General Hospital and University of Medicine (1), Yangon 11131, Myanmar.
authors.forename: Than Than
authors.initials: TT
authors.lastname: Aye
authors.affiliation: Thein Myint, Department of Gastroenterology, Yangon General Hospital and University of Medicine (1), Yangon 11131, Myanmar.
authors.forename: Miyuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Matsuda
authors.affiliation: Thein Myint, Department of Gastroenterology, Yangon General Hospital and University of Medicine (1), Yangon 11131, Myanmar.
authors.forename: Trang Thi Huyen
authors.initials: TT
authors.lastname: Tran
authors.affiliation: Thein Myint, Department of Gastroenterology, Yangon General Hospital and University of Medicine (1), Yangon 11131, Myanmar.
authors.forename: Tomohisa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Uchida
authors.affiliation: Thein Myint, Department of Gastroenterology, Yangon General Hospital and University of Medicine (1), Yangon 11131, Myanmar.
authors.forename: Varocha
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Mahachai
authors.affiliation: Thein Myint, Department of Gastroenterology, Yangon General Hospital and University of Medicine (1), Yangon 11131, Myanmar.
authors.forename: Yoshio
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yamaoka
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001284:Atrophy; D005260:Female; D005753:Gastric Mucosa / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D005757:Gastritis, Atrophic / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D016481:Helicobacter Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D016480:Helicobacter pylori / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D002052:Myanmar / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D013276:Stomach Ulcer / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Atrophy; Helicobacter pylori; Myanmar; Pepsinogen