title: The impact of proposed changes in liver allocation policy on cold ischemia times and organ transportation costs.
abstract: Changes to the liver allocation system have been proposed to decrease regional variation in access to liver transplant. It is unclear what impact these changes will have on cold ischemia times (CITs) and donor transportation costs. Therefore, we performed a retrospective single center study (2008-2012) measuring liver procurement CIT and transportation costs. Four groups were defined: Local-within driving distance (Local-D, n = 262), Local-flight (Local-F, n = 105), Regional-flight <3 h (Regional <3 h, n = 61) and Regional-Flight >3 h (Regional >3 h, n = 53). The median travel distance increased in each group, varying from zero miles (Local-D), 196 miles (Local-F), 384 miles (Regional <3 h), to 1647 miles (Regional >3 h). Increasing travel distances did not significantly increase CIT until the flight time was >3 h. The average CIT ranged from 5.0 to 6.0 h for Local-D, Local-F and Regional <3 h, but increased to 10 h for Regional >3 h (p < 0.0001). Transportation costs increased with greater distance traveled: Local-D $101, Local-F $1993, Regional <3 h $8324 and Regional >3 h $27 810 (p < 0.0001). With proposed redistricting, local financial modeling suggests that the average liver donor procurement transportation variable direct costs will increase from $2415 to $7547/liver donor, an increase of 313%. These findings suggest that further discussion among transplant centers and insurance providers is needed prior to policy implementation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery-Transplantation, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL.
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: DuBay
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: MacLennan
authors.forename: R D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Reed
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fouad
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: C B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Meeks
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Kilgore
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tankersley
authors.forename: S H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Gray
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: White
authors.forename: D E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Eckhoff
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Locke
mesh_terms: D000407:Alabama; D015331:Cohort Studies; D050377:Cold Ischemia / Q000191:economics*; D005260:Female; D017048:Health Care Costs; D006297:Health Services Accessibility / Q000191:economics; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D007902:Length of Stay / Q000191:economics; D016031:Liver Transplantation / Q000191:economics* / Q000401:mortality; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016134:Organizational Policy; D011050:Policy Making; D040841:Resource Allocation / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate; D009927:Tissue and Organ Procurement / Q000191:economics* / Q000379:methods*; D014186:Transportation / Q000191:economics*
keywords: Clinical research/practice; liver transplantation/hepatology; organ allocation; organ procurement and allocation; organ procurement organization