title: Socio-economic status and motor performance of children and adolescents.
abstract: The study examines the question to what extent children and adolescents differ in terms of motor performance in dependence of their socio-economic status (SES). A sample of 1389 students in Saarland (Germany) in various grades (1st grade: age 7.26 ± 0.38 years, 4th grade: 10.3 ± 0.4 years, 7th grade: 13.44 ± 0.49 years, 10th grade: 16.36 ± 0.69 years) has been examined. Their motor performance has been measured by means of 20-m sprint, standing long jump and a 6-minute run, and the SES by means of a parent survey. Based on the indicators school education, professional education, job position and household income, the SES was categorised in a three-step approach (low, middle, high). The influence on dependent variables was analysed by using multivariate analysis of variance. Students with a higher SES exhibit a higher motor performance compared with that of lower SES (results of the multivariate: Pillai's Trace = .05, F[6; 2526] = 12.56, p = .001; [Formula: see text]). In addition, the data for students of higher SES differ significantly from the data of a German reference sample (higher motor performance compared with standard values). In contrast, persons of lower SES do not differ from the reference sample, and those of middle SES differ only slightly from the reference sample. The results are relevant when considering specific prevention efforts concerning motor performance of certain groups. Especially those institutions and schools should be focused upon whose catchment area includes a high share of socially disadvantaged population groups.
authors.affiliation: a Institute for Sport Science , Saarland University , Saarbrücken , Germany.
authors.forename: Markus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Klein
authors.affiliation: a Institute for Sport Science , Saarland University , Saarbrücken , Germany.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fröhlich
authors.affiliation: b Institute for Prevention and Public Health , University of Applied Sciences (DHfPG) , Saarbrücken , Germany.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pieter
authors.affiliation: a Institute for Sport Science , Saarland University , Saarbrücken , Germany.
authors.forename: Eike
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Emrich
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D002648:Child; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009048:Motor Skills / Q000502:physiology*; D010809:Physical Fitness / Q000523:psychology*; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013334:Students / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis
keywords: Children; adolescents; motor performance test; physical fitness; socio-economic status; survey