title: Analysis of the polymeric fractions of scrap from mobile phones using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy: chemometric applications for better data interpretation.
abstract: Because of their short life span and high production and consumption rates, mobile phones are one of the contributors to WEEE (waste electrical and electronic equipment) growth in many countries. If incorrectly managed, the hazardous materials used in the assembly of these devices can pollute the environment and pose dangers for workers involved in the recycling of these materials. In this study, 144 polymer fragments originating from 50 broken or obsolete mobile phones were analyzed via laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) without previous treatment. The coated polymers were mainly characterized by the presence of Ag, whereas the uncoated polymers were related to the presence of Al, K, Na, Si and Ti. Classification models were proposed using black and white polymers separately in order to identify the manufacturer and origin using KNN (K-nearest neighbor), SIMCA (Soft Independent Modeling of Class Analogy) and PLS-DA (Partial Least Squares for Discriminant Analysis). For the black polymers the percentage of correct predictions was, in average, 58% taking into consideration the models for manufacturer and origin identification. In the case of white polymers, the percentage of correct predictions ranged from 72.8% (PLS-DA) to 100% (KNN).
authors.affiliation: Grupo de Análise Instrumental Aplicada (GAIA), Departamento de Química (DQ), Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), PO Box 676, 13565-905 São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Francisco W B
authors.initials: FWB
authors.lastname: Aquino
authors.affiliation: Grupo de Análise Instrumental Aplicada (GAIA), Departamento de Química (DQ), Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), PO Box 676, 13565-905 São Carlos, SP, Brazil. Electronic address: erpf@ufscar.br.
authors.forename: Edenir R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Pereira-Filho
keywords: Chemometrics; Electronic waste; Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy; Mobile phones; Polymers