title: Relationship between Serum Testosterone and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Determined Using the Framingham Risk Score in Male Patients with Sexual Dysfunction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the present study aimed to evaluate the effect of testosterone on cardiovascular disease by using the Framingham Risk Score (FRS) in patients with sexual dysfunction.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 308 men with sexual dysfunction were enrolled in this study. Clinical assessments included the 15-item International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF), blood pressure measurement, and clinical laboratory indexes. The FRS, which predicts the incidence rate of cardiovascular diseases in the next 10 years, was calculated on the basis of age, gender, total cholesterol, smoking status, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, and systolic blood pressure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean age of the 308 enrolled patients was 49.42±10.73 years, and the patients' mean body mass index (kg/m(2)) was 25.07±3.14. The mean total IIEF score was 28.44±18.06. The median total testosterone concentration was 3.2 ng/mL (interquartile range [IQR]: 2.3~3.2 ng/mL). The median calculated free and bioavailable testosterone concentrations were 0.052 ng/mL (IQR 0.039~0.070 ng/mL) and 1.30 ng/mL (IQR: 1.00~1.76 ng/mL), respectively. The mean FRS was 10.47±6.45. The FRS tended to show a negative correlation with the total and calculated free testosterone levels, but this was not significant (p=0.064 and p=0.074, respectively). In the multiple linear regression analysis, a significant negative correlation was observed between the total testosterone level and the FRS (p=0.048).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results suggest that the testosterone level is related to the FRS and that a high testosterone level may decrease the risk of cardiovascular disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Hallym University Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Wan Chul
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Hallym University Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Ma Tae
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Hallym University Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Kyung Tae
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Ko
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Hallym University Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon, Korea.
authors.forename: Won Ki
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Hallym University Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Sung Yong
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Hallym University Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Ha Young
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Hallym University Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Dae Yul
authors.initials: DY
authors.lastname: Yang
keywords: Cardiovascular diseases; Sexual dysfunction; Testosterone