title: Temporal changes in bile acid levels and 12α-hydroxylation after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery in type 2 diabetes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Gastric bypass surgery (GBP) leads to sustained weight loss and significant improvement in type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Bile acids (BAs), signaling molecules which influence glucose metabolism, are a potential mediator for the improvement in T2DM after GBP. This study sought to investigate the effect of GBP on BA levels and composition in individuals with T2DM.
  
  
  METHODS
  Plasma BA levels and composition and fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-19 levels were measured during fasting and in response to an oral glucose load before and at 1 month and 2 years post GBP in 13 severely obese women with T2DM.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A striking temporal change in BA levels and composition was observed after GBP. During the fasted state, BA concentrations were generally reduced at 1 month, but increased 2 years post GBP. Postprandial BA levels were unchanged 1 month post GBP, but an exaggerated postprandial peak was observed 2 years after the surgery. A significant increase in the 12α-hydroxylated/non12α-hydroxylated BA ratio during fasting and postprandially at 2 years, but not 1 month, post GBP was observed. Significant correlations between BAs vs FGF-19, body weight, the incretin effect and peptide YY (PYY) were also found.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study provides evidence that GBP temporally modifies the concentration and composition of circulating BAs in individuals with T2DM, and suggests that BAs may be linked to the improvement in T2DM after GBP.
authors.affiliation: New York Obesity Nutrition Research Center, Department of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dutia
authors.affiliation: New York Obesity Nutrition Research Center, Department of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Embrey
authors.forename: C S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: O'Brien
authors.affiliation: New York Obesity Nutrition Research Center, Department of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: O'Brien
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Haeusler
authors.affiliation: New York Obesity Nutrition Research Center, Department of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: K K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Agénor
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Homel
authors.affiliation: Division of Bariatric and Minimally Invasive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Mount Sinai, St. Luke's Roosevelt Hospitals, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: McGinty
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Biochemistry, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust Denmark Hill, London, UK.
authors.forename: R P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Vincent
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Alaghband-Zadeh
authors.affiliation: European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), Université Lille 2, Inserm UMR 1011, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Staels
authors.affiliation: Diabetes Complications Research Center, Conway Institute, University College, Dublin, Ireland.
authors.forename: C W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: le Roux
authors.affiliation: New York Obesity Nutrition Research Center, Department of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: New York Obesity Nutrition Research Center, Department of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Laferrère
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001647:Bile Acids and Salts / Q000378:metabolism*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D005215:Fasting / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D015390:Gastric Bypass; D006801:Humans; D006900:Hydroxylation; D008875:Middle Aged; D009767:Obesity, Morbid / Q000378:metabolism / Q000601:surgery*; D019894:Peptide YY / Q000378:metabolism; D011184:Postoperative Period; D019518:Postprandial Period; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D015431:Weight Loss
chemical_list: D001647:Bile Acids and Salts; D019894:Peptide YY