title: Pharmacological and antioxidant actions of garlic and.or onion in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in rats.
abstract: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) includes a broad spectrum of fat-induced liver injury, ranging from mild steatosis to cirrhosis and liver failure. This study investigates the hepatoprotective properties of garlic and onion in NAFLD rat model. Ninety male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 9 groups; normal (I), NAFLD induced with high fat diet (HFD; II), NAFLD switched to regular diet (RD; III), NAFLD-HFD or NAFLD-RD treated with garlic (IV, V), onion (VI, VII) or the combined garlic+onion (VIII, IX) respectively. A NAFLD rat model was established by feeding the animals with a high-fat diet for 12 wk. These animals were then treated with garlic or/and onion or vehicle for 8 wk (weeks 13-20) and then killed to obtain serum samples and liver tissues. Liver histology, lipids, parameters of oxidative stress, TNF-α and TGF-β were measured. The liver in NAFLD-HFD showed typical steatosis, accompanied with mild to moderate lobular inflammatory cell infiltration. Serum levels of ALT, AST, ALP, leptin, cholesterol, triglycerides, TNF-α, TGF-β and hepatic MDA' were significantly increased (P < 0.05) compared with normal group. This was accompanied with reduction of hepatic GSH, GR, GPx, GST, SOD and serum adiponectin. These changes were to a less degree in NAFLD-RD group. Combined administration of garlic+onion produced a better and significant decrease in liver steatosis, serum liver enzymes, oxidative markers and lipid peroxidation versus each one alone. In the same time, NAFLD-induced inflammation was also mitigated via reduction of TNF-α and TGF-β. In addition, these results were better in the group IX versus group VIII.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza, Egypt.
authors.forename: Sayed H Seif
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: El-Din
authors.forename: Abdel-Nasser A
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Sabra
authors.forename: Olfat A
authors.initials: OA
authors.lastname: Hammam
authors.forename: Fatma A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Ebeid
authors.forename: Naglaa M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: El-Lakkany
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants; D017209:Apoptosis; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005737:Garlic; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D065626:Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy*; D019697:Onions; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D016207:Cytokines; D004041:Dietary Fats