title: Transfemoral implantation of transcatheter heart valves after deterioration of mitral bioprosthesis or previous ring annuloplasty.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study sought to evaluate the feasibility of transfemoral transcatheter heart valve (THV) implantation in failed mitral bioprostheses and ring annuloplasties.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Redo mitral surgery may be high risk or contraindicated due to comorbidity. THV implantation has been recently reported in this setting.
  
  
  METHODS
  Transfemoral implantation of Edwards Sapien prosthesis was performed in 17 patients for degenerated mitral bioprosthesis or previous ring annuloplasty (6 bioprostheses, 11 ring annuloplasties). The procedure was elective for 14 patients and attempted as a rescue in 3 patients. Mean age was 61 ± 24 years. All patients were in New York Heart Association class ≥III, and the surgical risk was high (EuroSCORE [European System for Cardiac Operative Risk Evaluation]: 37 ± 29%, Society of Thoracic Surgeons score: 18 ± 22%).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Procedure was successful in 14 patients (82%). Two complications occurred during rescue procedures: 1 procedural death and 1 THV migration. One patient had moderate paraprosthetic regurgitation following the procedure, whereas residual regurgitation was trace or less in 11 patients (69%) and mild in 4 patients (25%). Mean gradient decreased from 12 ± 6 mm Hg to 8 ± 3 mm Hg. During a mean follow-up of 22 months, 4 patients died, 3 from cardiac cause. The 18-month survival was 68 ± 14% in the overall population and 78 ± 14% for patients with elective procedure. One patient underwent mitral valve replacement due to periprosthetic mitral regurgitation. At last follow-up, 12 patients were in New York Heart Association class ≤II (75%) and 4 in class III (25%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This single-center series suggests that transfemoral THV implantation for deterioration of mitral bioprosthesis or surgical repair is feasible in selected patients and improves early hemodynamic and midterm functional status.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Bichat-Claude-Bernard Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris VII, Paris, France. Electronic address: claire.bouleti@bch.aphp.fr.
authors.forename: Claire
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bouleti
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Bichat-Claude-Bernard Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris VII, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Amir-Ali
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Fassa
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Bichat-Claude-Bernard Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris VII, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Dominique
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Himbert
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Bichat-Claude-Bernard Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris VII, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Brochet
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Bichat-Claude-Bernard Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris VII, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Gregory
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ducrocq
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Bichat-Claude-Bernard Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris VII, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Mohammed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nejjari
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Bichat-Claude-Bernard Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris VII, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Walid
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Ghodbane
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Bichat-Claude-Bernard Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris VII, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Jean-Pol
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Depoix
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Bichat-Claude-Bernard Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris VII, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Nataf
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Bichat-Claude-Bernard Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris VII, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Alec
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vahanian
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001705:Bioprosthesis; D006328:Cardiac Catheterization / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods / Q000401:mortality; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D005263:Femoral Artery; D006350:Heart Valve Prosthesis; D019918:Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods / Q000401:mortality; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008943:Mitral Valve / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D058386:Mitral Valve Annuloplasty / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000401:mortality; D008944:Mitral Valve Insufficiency / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D010297:Paris; D011474:Prosthesis Design; D011475:Prosthesis Failure; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: mitral valve; transcatheter valve implantation; valve-in-ring; valve-in-valve