title: Imaging during low back pain ED visits: a claims-based descriptive analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Low back pain (LBP) is a common reason for emergency department (ED) visits. This study aimed to determine the frequency and type of nonindicated imaging during LBP ED visits and to describe demographic and prior health care use characteristics among the nonindicated population.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study included index ED events for LBP occurring during 2011 through 2012 for Blue Cross Blue Shield of Michigan commercial members ages 18 to 64 years. We identified LBP imaging indications within 12 months before the index event. Frequency estimates of patient demographics, imaging prevalence, type of imaging, and prior health care use characteristics stratified by imaging and indication status are presented with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 14838 total events, 51.9% (95% CI, 51.1%-52.7%) did not have indications for imaging. Patients without imaging indications were less likely to have had ED visits, hospital stays, LBP, lower back imaging, primary care physician visits, and back-related specialist visits in the past year compared with patients with indications. Among nonindicated patients, 30.1% (95% CI, 29.1%-31.1%) received imaging; of these, 26.2% received advanced imaging (computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging). Nonindicated patients who received imaging were slightly older than those who did not receive imaging (27.6% [95% CI, 25.8%-29.4%] were ages 55-64 years vs 20.6% [95% CI, 19.6%-21.7%]) and had a higher prevalence of observation/treatment room use (7.3% [95% CI, 6.2%-8.4%] vs 1.2% [95% CI, 0.9%-1.4%]).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that a substantial proportion of the patient population presenting to the ED for LBP receives nonindicated imaging, revealing opportunities to reduce costs and radiation exposure.
authors.affiliation: Blue Cross Blue Shield of Michigan, Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Detroit, MI 48226-2998, USA. Electronic address: ESchlemmer@bcbsm.com.
authors.forename: Erin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Schlemmer
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, St. Joseph Mercy Hospital, Ann Arbor, MI 48106. Electronic address: JMitch@umich.edu.
authors.forename: James C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Mitchiner
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, Grand Rapids, MI 49503. Electronic address: BrownM@msu.edu.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.affiliation: Blue Cross Blue Shield of Michigan, Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Detroit, MI 48226-2998, USA. Electronic address: EWasilevich@bcbsm.com.
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Wasilevich
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D003952:Diagnostic Imaging / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007345:Insurance Claim Review; D017116:Low Back Pain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008297:Male; D008824:Michigan; D008875:Middle Aged; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D055815:Young Adult