title: [Abuse of energy drinks: does it pose a risk?].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Energy drinks designate "any product in the form of a drink or concentrated liquid containing a mixture of ingredients having the property to raise the level of energy and liveliness". Their introduction has raised many reluctance and reserves after numerous cardiovascular and neurological injuries among regular consumers.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This article attempts to synthesize the existing literature on energy drinks. The review focuses to show that excessive energy drinks consumption cause many complications.
  
  
  METHODS
  The literature review was conducted from 2001 to 2014, using PubMed, Google Scholar, EMBASE, and PsycInfo, using the following keywords alone or combined: energy drinks, caffeine, taurine, toxicity, dependence, complications.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Occasional or moderate consumption of these cans seem to present little risk to healthy adults. However, their repeated consumption in proportions that far exceed the recommendations for recommended use by the manufacturers, combined with the use of alcohol or illicit drugs consumption increases the risk of occurrence of somatic and psychiatric complications, especially among underage, and subjects with cardiovascular and neurological history.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Repeated consumption of energy drinks increases the risk of somatic and psychiatric complications. Further studies must be controlled to improve our understanding of other possible negative consequences on health.
authors.affiliation: Cabinet médical Carnot, 26, avenue Carnot, 75017 Paris, France; AP-HP, hôpital Bichat, service de psychiatrie, addictologie, et tabacologie, 75018 Paris, France. Electronic address: aymericpetit@hotmail.fr.
authors.forename: Aymeric
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Petit
authors.affiliation: AP-HP, hôpital Paul-Brousse, centre d'enseignement, de recherche et de traitement des addictions, 94800 Villejuif, France.
authors.forename: Laurent
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Karila
authors.affiliation: AP-HP, hôpital Bichat, service de psychiatrie, addictologie, et tabacologie, 75018 Paris, France.
authors.forename: Michel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lejoyeux
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002110:Caffeine / Q000009:adverse effects; D061215:Energy Drinks / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005965:Glucuronates / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D058573:Performance-Enhancing Substances / Q000009:adverse effects; D012306:Risk; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D013654:Taurine / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D005965:Glucuronates; D058573:Performance-Enhancing Substances; D013654:Taurine; C004940:glucuronolactone; D002110:Caffeine