title: An amperometric nanobiosensor for the selective detection of K⁺-induced dopamine released from living cells.
abstract: A highly sensitive amperometric sensor has been studied for selective monitoring of K(+)-induced dopamine released from dopaminergic cells (PC12) which is based on an EDTA immobilized-poly(1,5-diaminonaphthalne) (poly-DAN) layer comprising graphene oxide (GO) and gold nanoparticles (GO/AuNPs). The integration of a negatively charged probe molecule on the poly-DAN/GO/AuNPs nanohybrid attained the signal enhancement to discriminate dopamine (DA) molecules from foreign species by catalytic effect and surface charge, and hydrogen bonding-based interactions with a probe molecule. The sensor performance and morphology were investigated using voltammetry, impedance spectrometry, SEM, and XPS. Experimental variables affecting the analytical performance of the sensor probe were optimized, and linear response was observed in the range of 10 nM-1 µM with a detection limit of 5.0 nM (±0.01) for DA. Then, the sensor was applied to monitor dopamine released from PC12 cells upon extracellular stimulation of K(+) ions. It was also confirmed that K(+)-induced dopamine release was inhibited by a calcium channel inhibitor (Nifidipine). The results demonstrated that the presented biosensor could be used as an excellent tool for monitoring the effect of exogenous agents on living cells and drug efficacy tests.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biophysio Sensor Technology (IBST), Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, South Korea.
authors.forename: Tanveer Ahmad
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Mir
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biophysio Sensor Technology (IBST), Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, South Korea.
authors.forename: Mahmood H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Akhtar
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biophysio Sensor Technology (IBST), Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, South Korea.
authors.forename: N G
authors.initials: NG
authors.lastname: Gurudatt
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biophysio Sensor Technology (IBST), Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, South Korea.
authors.forename: Jeong-In
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University of Medicine and Science, Incheon, South Korea.
authors.forename: Cheol Soo
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biophysio Sensor Technology (IBST), Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, South Korea. Electronic address: ybshim@pusan.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Yoon-Bo
authors.initials: YB
authors.lastname: Shim
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015374:Biosensing Techniques / Q000379:methods; D002470:Cell Survival; D004298:Dopamine / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D004492:Edetic Acid / Q000737:chemistry*; D055664:Electrochemical Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D006046:Gold / Q000737:chemistry; D006108:Graphite / Q000737:chemistry; D057230:Limit of Detection; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry; D008958:Models, Molecular; D016716:PC12 Cells; D011188:Potassium / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats
chemical_list: D006046:Gold; D006108:Graphite; D004492:Edetic Acid; D011188:Potassium; D004298:Dopamine
keywords: Amperometric nanobiosensor; Conductive polymer nanohybrid; Dopamine release; Electrostatic interaction; Live PC12 cells