title: A Comparison between Children with ADHD and Children with Epilepsy in Self-Esteem and Parental Stress Level.
abstract: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is frequently associated with negative psychological outcomes. This study explores the relationship between self-esteem, ADHD symptoms and parental stress. It compares children with ADHD, children with epilepsy (E) and typical developmental controls (TD). Participants included 65 children (aged 9-12 yrs) and their parents. The assessment was conducted by Multidimensional Self-Concept Scale (MSCS), Parent Stress Index (PSI) and Conners' Parent Rating Scales-Revised. Significant differences were found in Social, Competence and Academic areas of self-esteem between children with ADHD, with E and TD. Moreover, parents of children with ADHD showed a higher overall stress than both other groups. In conclusion, it seems important to evaluate the psychological aspects of ADHD con-dition, both in children and in parents, in order to suggest an individual multimodal treatment.
authors.affiliation: Division of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, University of Messina, Italy.
authors.forename: Antonella
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gagliano
authors.affiliation: Division of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, University of Messina, Italy ; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Italy.
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lamberti
authors.affiliation: Division of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, University of Messina, Italy.
authors.forename: Rosamaria
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Siracusano
authors.affiliation: Division of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, University of Messina, Italy.
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ciuffo
authors.affiliation: Division of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, University of Messina, Italy.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Boncoddo
authors.affiliation: Division of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, University of Messina, Italy.
authors.forename: Roberta
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Maggio
authors.affiliation: Division of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, University of Messina, Italy.
authors.forename: Simona
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rosina
authors.affiliation: Division of Psychiatry, University of Messina, Italy.
authors.forename: Clemente
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cedro
authors.affiliation: Division of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, University of Messina, Italy.
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Germanò
keywords: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder; children; epilepsy; parental stress; self-esteem.