title: Metabolic effects of androgen deprivation therapy.
abstract: The therapeutic effects and side effects of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), which is a main treatment method for metastatic prostate cancer, are well known, but the metabolic effects have only recently been studied. This review describes the effects of ADT on body habitus, insulin resistance, lipid profiles, diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The review was done by using KoreaMed and PubMed to search the medical literature related to prostate cancer, ADT, body habitus, lipid profile, diabetes, insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, and cardiovascular disease. ADT increases fat mass and decreases lean body mass. Fat mostly accumulates in the subcutaneous area. ADT increases total cholesterol, triglycerides, and high-density lipoprotein, as well as the risk for insulin resistance and diabetes. ADT also increases the risk for cardiovascular events, but insufficient evidence is available for a correlation with mortality. ADT changes body habitus and lipid profiles and has different characteristics than those of classic metabolic syndrome, but it is related to insulin resistance and diabetes. ADT increases the risk for cardiovascular events. No consistent guidelines have been proposed for treating the metabolic effects of ADT, but the generally recommended treatment methods for lowering the risk of diabetes and cardiovascular disease should be fully understood. Additional studies are necessary.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Korea.
authors.forename: See Min
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Korea.
authors.forename: Sung Chul
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Kam
mesh_terms: D000726:Androgen Antagonists / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001823:Body Composition / Q000187:drug effects; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000378:metabolism / Q000401:mortality; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000737:chemistry; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000378:metabolism; D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone / Q000819:agonists*; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008075:Lipoproteins, HDL / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000378:metabolism; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*; D012307:Risk Factors; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000726:Androgen Antagonists; D008055:Lipids; D008075:Lipoproteins, HDL; D014280:Triglycerides; D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone; D002784:Cholesterol
keywords: Androgens; Diabetes mellitus; Metabolic syndrome X; Prostatic neoplasms