title: Bioactive sulfated saponins from sea cucumber Holothuria moebii.
abstract: The bioactive ingredients of sea cucumber Holothuria moebii were investigated, and four sulfated saponins (1-4) and one desulfated saponin (3B) with an unusual 3,4-epoxy xylose were obtained from this study. Compound 2 is a new triterpenoid saponin and 3B is a new artificial compound. On the basis of the extensive NMR and HRESIMS data, their structures were assigned as 3-O-[β-D-quinovopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-4-sodium sulfato-β-D-xylopyranosyl]-25-acetoxy-22-oxo-9(11)-holostene-3β,12α,17α-triol (2) and 3-O-[β-D-quinovopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-3,4-epoxy-β-xylopyranosyl]-22,25-epoxy-9(11)-holostene-3β,12α,17α-triol (3B). Compounds 1-4 showed activity suppressing the proliferation of four different glioma cells with IC50 values ranging from 0.99 to 8.64 µM. New saponin 2 significantly induced apoptosis in human glioblastoma U87-MG cells and reduced the expression levels of several glioma metabolic enzymes of glycolysis and glutaminolysis. This study reveals for the first time that selectively targeting multiple glioma metabolic regulators of glycolysis and glutaminolysis might be one of the anti-glioma mechanisms of saponin 2.
authors.affiliation: Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Siran
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Xuewei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.affiliation: Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Haocai
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Rui
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.affiliation: Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Zhenghua
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Su
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Xiao-Yuan
authors.initials: XY
authors.lastname: Lian
authors.affiliation: Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Zhizhen
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D005910:Glioma / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology; D047332:Holothuria / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D020128:Inhibitory Concentration 50; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D015394:Molecular Structure; D012503:Saponins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013431:Sulfates / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D012503:Saponins; D013431:Sulfates