title: Prevalence of Prehypertension in Mexico and Its Association With Hypomagnesemia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Prehypertension (preHTN) increases the risk of developing hypertension. The objectives of this study were to estimate the prevalence of preHTN in the Mexican adult population and evaluate the association between hypomagnesemia and preHTN.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study was a 2-phase, population-based study. In the first phase, 4,272 Mexican adults (aged 20-65 years) were enrolled to determine the prevalence of preHTN. In the second phase, a cross-sectional analysis was performed to evaluate the association between hypomagnesemia and preHTN. The exclusion criteria were chronic diarrhea, malignancy, hepatic and renal diseases, chronic inflammatory disease, and the intake of magnesium supplements. PreHTN was defined as a systolic blood pressure (BP) of 120-139 mm Hg and/or diastolic BP of 80-89 mm Hg, and hypomagnesemia was defined as a serum magnesium concentration <1.8 mg/dl.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of preHTN was 37.5% (95% confidence interval (CI): 36.0-39.0): 46.7% were men (95% CI: 44.1-49.4) and 33.2% (95% CI: 31.5-5.0) were women. The serum magnesium data were available for 921 participants. Hypomagnesemia was identified in 276 (30.0%; 95% CI: 27.1-33.0) subjects; of them, 176 (63.8%; 95% CI: 58.3-69.6) had preHTN. Individuals with preHTN exhibited lower magnesium levels than individuals without preHTN (1.78±0.36 vs. 1.95±0.37, P < 0.0005). A multiple logistic regression analysis (adjusted for age, sex, smoking, body mass index, waist circumference, fasting glucose, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides levels) indicated a significant association between hypomagnesemia and preHTN (odds ratio = 1.78; 95% CI: 1.5-4.0, P < 0.0005).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prevalence of preHTN in the Mexican population is 37.5%, and hypomagnesemia is strongly associated with preHTN.
authors.affiliation: The Multidisciplinary Research Group on Diabetes of the Mexican Social Security Institute, Durango, Dgo, México;
authors.forename: Mariana
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rodríguez-Ramírez
authors.affiliation: The Multidisciplinary Research Group on Diabetes of the Mexican Social Security Institute, Durango, Dgo, México;
authors.forename: Luis E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Simental-Mendía
authors.affiliation: The Multidisciplinary Research Group on Diabetes of the Mexican Social Security Institute, Durango, Dgo, México; Institute of Experimental and Clinical Therapeutics, Department of Physiology, Health Science University Center, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico.
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: González-Ortiz
authors.affiliation: The Multidisciplinary Research Group on Diabetes of the Mexican Social Security Institute, Durango, Dgo, México; Institute of Experimental and Clinical Therapeutics, Department of Physiology, Health Science University Center, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico.
authors.forename: Esperanza
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Martínez-Abundis
authors.affiliation: The Multidisciplinary Research Group on Diabetes of the Mexican Social Security Institute, Durango, Dgo, México;
authors.forename: Agustín
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Madero
authors.affiliation: The Multidisciplinary Research Group on Diabetes of the Mexican Social Security Institute, Durango, Dgo, México;
authors.forename: Olga
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Brito-Zurita
authors.affiliation: The Multidisciplinary Research Group on Diabetes of the Mexican Social Security Institute, Durango, Dgo, México;
authors.forename: Ricardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pérez-Fuentes
authors.affiliation: The Multidisciplinary Research Group on Diabetes of the Mexican Social Security Institute, Durango, Dgo, México;
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Revilla-Monsalve
authors.affiliation: The Multidisciplinary Research Group on Diabetes of the Mexican Social Security Institute, Durango, Dgo, México;
authors.forename: Sergio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Islas-Andrade
authors.affiliation: The Multidisciplinary Research Group on Diabetes of the Mexican Social Security Institute, Durango, Dgo, México;
authors.forename: Martha
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rodríguez-Morán
authors.affiliation: The Multidisciplinary Research Group on Diabetes of the Mexican Social Security Institute, Durango, Dgo, México; guerrero.romero@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Guerrero-Romero
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001786:Blood Glucose; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008274:Magnesium / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008800:Mexico / Q000453:epidemiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D058246:Prehypertension / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015995:Prevalence; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D055105:Waist Circumference; D014883:Water-Electrolyte Imbalance / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D014280:Triglycerides; D002784:Cholesterol; D008274:Magnesium
keywords: Mexico; blood pressure; hypertension; magnesium; prehypertension; prevalence.