title: Relationships between mild PM10 and ozone urban air levels and spontaneous abortion: clues for primary prevention.
abstract: The effects of environmental pollution on spontaneous abortion (SAB) are still unclear. Records of SAB were collected from five cities (514,996 residents) and correlated with PM10, NO(2) and ozone levels. Median pollutant concentrations were below legal limits. Monthly SABs positively correlated with PM10 and ozone levels but not with NO(2) levels. The mean monthly SAB rate increase was estimated equal to 19.7 and 33.6 % per 10 μg/m(3) increase in PM10 or ozone concentration, respectively. Higher values of PM10 and SABs were evident in cities with- than in those without pollutant industries, with a number of SABs twofolds higher in the former group. In conclusion, SAB occurrence is affected by PM10 (particularly if industrial areas are present) and ozone concentrations, also at levels below the legal limits. Thus, SAB might be considered, at least in part, a preventable condition.
authors.affiliation: a Division of Internal Medicine, Hospital of Bisceglie (ASL BAT), International Society of Doctors for Environment (ISDE) , Italy.
authors.forename: Agostino
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Di Ciaula
authors.affiliation: b Ionic Department in Legal and Economic System of Mediterranean: Society, Environment, Culture , University of Bari Aldo Moro , Bari , Italy.
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bilancia
mesh_terms: D000022:Abortion, Spontaneous / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000453:epidemiology*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000633:toxicity*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy / Q000453:epidemiology; D018811:Maternal Exposure; D010126:Ozone / Q000633:toxicity*; D010316:Particle Size; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000633:toxicity*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D052638:Particulate Matter; D010126:Ozone
keywords: PM10; nitrogen dioxide; ozone; pollution; spontaneous abortion