title: Comparison of phytoncide with sirolimus as a novel drug candidate for drug-eluting stent.
abstract: A drug-eluting stent (DES) is one of the commonly used treatment techniques in percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Sirolimus (SRL) has been widely used for DES as a drug for suppressing neointimal hyperplasia causing restenosis. Phytoncides (PTC) are compounds released from trees and plants, and their solutions contain monoterpenoids such as α-pinene, careen, and myrceen. Some studies have reported that these components exhibit antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory activities. We hypothesized that PTC may become an alternative drug to SRL for DES, exhibiting alleviated side effects as compared to SRL. A PTC-incorporated stent was compared with an SRL-incorporated stent in terms of physicochemical, pharmacokinetic, and biological properties. In in vitro studies, the effects of each drug on cells were investigated. The results showed that both drugs exhibited similar cytotoxicity, anti-inflammation, and antiproliferation effects. However, these effects resulted from different mechanisms associated with cells, as seen in the immunofluorescence result. An in vivo assay showed that the lumen area was significantly larger and the neointimal area was significantly smaller in SRL- and PTC-loaded stents compared to a drug-unloaded stent. These results suggest that phytoncide can be a feasible alternative drug to SRL for advanced DES although more studies are needed.
authors.affiliation: Center for Biomaterials, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-791, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Korea University of Science and Technology, 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-350, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Sung Nam
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.affiliation: Center for Biomaterials, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-791, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Si-Eun
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Center for Biomaterials, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-791, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jiyeon
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Center for Biomaterials, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-791, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Korea University of Science and Technology, 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-350, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Kwideok
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Nano Bio Research Center, 47-2, Samtae-ro, Nam-myun, Jangseong-gun, Jeollanam-do, 515-893, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jae Hwan
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Goo
authors.affiliation: The Heart Center of Chonnam National University Hospital, 671 Jaebongro, Dong-gu, Gwangju 501-757, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Doo Sun
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Sim
authors.affiliation: The Heart Center of Chonnam National University Hospital, 671 Jaebongro, Dong-gu, Gwangju 501-757, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Young Joon
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.affiliation: The Heart Center of Chonnam National University Hospital, 671 Jaebongro, Dong-gu, Gwangju 501-757, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Ju Han
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Center for Biomaterials, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-791, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Korea University of Science and Technology, 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-350, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Yoon Ki
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Joung
authors.affiliation: Nano Bio Research Center, 47-2, Samtae-ro, Nam-myun, Jangseong-gun, Jeollanam-do, 515-893, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jay
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: The Heart Center of Chonnam National University Hospital, 671 Jaebongro, Dong-gu, Gwangju 501-757, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Myung Ho
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Jeong
authors.affiliation: Center for Biomaterials, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-791, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Korea University of Science and Technology, 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-350, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: dkh@kist.re.kr.
authors.forename: Dong Keun
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Han
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D000818:Animals; D002152:Calorimetry, Differential Scanning; D016923:Cell Death / Q000187:drug effects; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D048430:Cell Shape / Q000187:drug effects; D055808:Drug Discovery; D054855:Drug-Eluting Stents; D005260:Female; D005453:Fluorescence; D061307:Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D039821:Monoterpenes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D032389:Myocytes, Smooth Muscle / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D010973:Platelet Adhesiveness / Q000187:drug effects; D011100:Polyglycolic Acid / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry; D000077182:Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer; D020123:Sirolimus / Q000494:pharmacology*; D034421:Sus scrofa; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction
chemical_list: D039821:Monoterpenes; D014867:Water; D000077182:Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer; D011100:Polyglycolic Acid; D019344:Lactic Acid; D020123:Sirolimus
keywords: Biodegradable polymer; Drug-eluting stent; Phytoncide; Restenosis; Sirolimus