title: Preliminary evaluation of local drug delivery of amphotericin B and in vivo degradation of chitosan and polyethylene glycol blended sponges.
abstract: This research investigated the combination of polyethylene glycol with chitosan in point-of-care loaded sponges made by one or two lyophilizations for adjunctive local antifungal delivery in musculoskeletal wounds. Blended and control chitosan sponges were evaluated in vitro for antifungal release and activity, degradation, cytocompatibility, and characterized for spectroscopic, crystallinity, thermal, and morphologic material properties. In vivo biocompatibility and degradation of sponges were also evaluated in a rat intramuscular pouch model 4 and 10 days after implantation. Blended sponges released amphotericin B active against Candida albicans (>0.25 µg/mL) over 72 h and did not elicit cytotoxicity response of fibroblasts. Blended sponges exhibited decreases in surface roughness, decreased thermal decomposition temperatures, as well as small Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and crystallinity differences, compared with chitosan-only sponges. Three of the four blended sponge formulations exhibited 31%-94% increases in in vitro degradation from the chitosan sponges after 10 days, but did not demonstrate the same increase in in vivo degradation. Low inflammatory in vivo tissue response to blended and chitosan-only sponges was similar over 10 days. These results demonstrated that adding polyethylene glycol to chitosan sponges does improve local antifungal release, cytocompatibility, and in vitro degradation, but does not increase in vivo degradation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee.
authors.forename: Ashley Cox
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Parker
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee.
authors.forename: Cheyenne
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rhodes
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee.
authors.forename: Jessica Amber
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Jennings
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland.
authors.forename: Lauren
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hittle
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland.
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shirtliff
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee.
authors.forename: Joel D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Bumgardner
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee.
authors.forename: Warren O
authors.initials: WO
authors.lastname: Haggard
mesh_terms: D000666:Amphotericin B / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D002176:Candida albicans / Q000254:growth & development*; D002177:Candidiasis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D048271:Chitosan / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems / Q000379:methods*; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; D008297:Male; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D000666:Amphotericin B; D048271:Chitosan
keywords: antimicrobial; biocompatibility/soft tissue; biodegradation; chitosan; polyethylene glycol