title: sRAGE in septic shock: a potential biomarker of mortality.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate and understand the clinical implications of the plasma levels of a soluble isoform of a receptor for advanced glycation end products (sRAGE) in different stages of sepsis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Serum sRAGE values in patients who were divided into intensive care unit control, severe sepsis, septic shock and recovery from septic shock groups were statistically analyzed to assess quantity (Kruskal-Wallis), variability (Levine test) and correlation (Spearman rank test) with certain inflammatory mediators (IL-1 α, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IP-10, G-CSF, MCP-1, IFN-γ and TNF-α).
  
  
  RESULTS
  No changes in sRAGE levels were observed among the groups; however, the septic shock group showed differences in the variability of sRAGE compared to the other groups. A positive correlation with all the inflammatory mediators was reported in the septic shock group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  sRAGE levels are associated with worse outcomes in patients with septic shock. However, a statistical correlation analysis with other proinflammatory cytokines indicated that the pathways leading to those outcomes are different depending on the sRAGE levels. Future studies to elucidate the pathophysiological mechanisms involving sRAGE in models of sepsis are of great clinical importance for the safe handling of this biomarker.
authors.affiliation: Disciplina de Emergências Clínicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil.
authors.forename: Mike Yoshio
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Hamasaki
authors.affiliation: Disciplina de Emergências Clínicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil.
authors.forename: Hermes Vieira
authors.initials: HV
authors.lastname: Barbeiro
authors.affiliation: Disciplina de Emergências Clínicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil.
authors.forename: Heraldo Possolo
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: de Souza
authors.affiliation: Disciplina de Emergências Clínicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil.
authors.forename: Marcel Cerqueira César
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Machado
authors.affiliation: Disciplina de Emergências Clínicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil.
authors.forename: Fabiano Pinheiro
authors.initials: FP
authors.lastname: da Silva
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D015331:Cohort Studies; D006801:Humans; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D000067759:Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products / Q000097:blood*; D012772:Shock, Septic / Q000097:blood* / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D000067759:Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products