title: Dexmedetomidine in the supratentorial craniotomy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In this double-blind prospective clinical study, we investigated the effects of fentanyl and dexmedetomidine as adjuvant agents in supratentorial craniotomies on the following: hemodynamic changes during perioperative and recovery periods, brain edema perioperatively, recovery times and side effects, such as hypertension, shivering, nausea and vomiting.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty consenting ASA physical status I-II patients undergoing intracranial tumor surgery were randomly divided in two groups. In group D (n=15), dexmedetomidine was infused as a 1 μg/kg bolus dose 10 minutes before induction of anesthesia and maintained with 0.4-0.5 μg/kg/min during the operation. In group F (n=15), animals were given fentanyl 0.02 μg/kg/min as an infusion for anesthesia maintenance. At induction, fentanyl was given as a 2 μg/kg dose in group D and as a 4 μg/kg dose in group F. Hemodynamic changes, recovery times and postoperative side effects were recorded before induction, during the perioperative period and 24 hours postoperatively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In group D; MAP and HR values after intubation, after skull clamp insertion and after extubation were lower than in group F (p<0.05). In group D, cerebral relaxation scores were also significantly lower. Recovery times were found to be shorter in group D as compared to group F; the same trend was observed for the supplemental opioid requirement. During the postoperative period, there was no shivering, nausea or vomiting in group D, but in group F, 3 patients complained of shivering, and 2 patients experienced nausea and vomiting.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In our study, we found that dexmedetomidine controlled the hemodynamic changes better than fentanyl perioperatively, after extubation and during the early postoperative period. Our results suggest that that dexmedetomidine is safer and more effective in controlling hemodynamic changes during surgical stimulation than the standard agents used in neuroanesthesia.
authors.affiliation: Elbistan State Hospital, Anesthesiology and Reanimation Clinic, Kahramanmaraş, Turkey.
authors.forename: Osman
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Ilhan
authors.affiliation: Gaziantep University Medical School, Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Gaziantep, Turkey.
authors.forename: Senem
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Koruk
authors.affiliation: Mersin State Hospital, Anesthesiology and Reanimation Clinic, Mersin, Turkey.
authors.forename: Gokcen
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Serin
authors.affiliation: Gaziantep University Medical School, Department of Neurosurgery, Gaziantep, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ibrahim
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Erkutlu
authors.affiliation: Gaziantep University Medical School, Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Gaziantep, Turkey.
authors.forename: Unsal
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Oner
keywords: Craniotomy; Dexmedetomidine; Hemodynamics; Neurosurgery