title: ACE-II genotype and I allele predicts ischemic stroke among males in south India.
abstract: Two hundred ischemic stroke patients and 193 age and sex matched healthy controls were studied for the presence of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Insertion/Deletion (ACE I/D) gene polymorphism. The PCR studies revealed that ACE 'II' (OR = 2.055; p = 0.004) genotype and 'I' (OR = 1.411; p = 0.018) alleles were significantly associated with IS patients. Gender specific analysis revealed a strong association of 'II' (OR = 2.044; p = 0.014) genotype and 'I' (OR = 1.531; p = 0.011) allele with male sex. Classification of patients based on TOAST criteria, revealed a significant association for 'II' genotype (OR = 1.713; p = 0.043) and 'I' (OR = 1.382; p = 0.039) allele in LVD patients only. When the data was stratified based on age and sex, a statistically significant association was observed for ACE 'II' genotype (OR = 2.288; p = 0.006) and 'I' allele (OR = 1.395; p = 0.054) in IS male patients of > 50 years of age. The ACE 'D' allele was found to be increased in controls (OR = 0.709; p = 0.018) than IS patients. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that smoking and diabetes were the most powerful independent risk factor in LVD type of stroke. Thus, we presented here an evidence for a strong association of ACE 'II' genotype and 'I' allele compounded by factors such as smoking and diabetes among south Indian IS patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli-620 024, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: Murali
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vijayan
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai-625 021, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: Rathika
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Chinniah
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai-625 021, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: Padma Malini
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Ravi
authors.affiliation: Hannah Joseph Hospital, Madurai-625 020, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: Arun Kumar
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Mosses Joseph
authors.affiliation: Neethi Arasu Neuro Hospital, Madurai-625 020, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: Neethi Arasu
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Vellaiappan
authors.affiliation: Narayana Institute Health City, Bangalore-560 099, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Jeyaram Illiayaraja
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Krishnan
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai-625 021, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: Balakrishnan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Karuppiah
keywords: ACE (I/D); Genotype; Hypertension; Ischemic stroke; Large vessel disease; Polymorphism