title: Transorbital penetrating brain injury to frontal lobe by a wheel spoke.
abstract: Penetrating brain injury (PBI) is rare and the severest form of head injury with a high morbidity and mortality. A 3.5-year-old girl presented with PBI with a wheel spoke. Computerized tomography scan with three-dimensional skull reconstruction depicted its extent from the medial side of the roof of the right orbit to the right frontal lobe with a cavitation around the spoke. The spoke was removed by manipulation under general anesthesia from the entry site without a formal craniotomy. Postoperative outcome was uneventful.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, The Children's Hospital and the Institute of Child Health, Lahore, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Lubna
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ijaz
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, The Children's Hospital and the Institute of Child Health, Lahore, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Malik Muhammad
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Nadeem
keywords: Frontal lobe injury; penetrating brain injury; wheel spoke