title: Profile of inhaled glycopyrronium bromide as monotherapy and in fixed-dose combination with indacaterol maleate for the treatment of COPD.
abstract: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. The cornerstone of pharmacological treatment for COPD is bronchodilation. Inhaled glycopyrronium bromide is a long-acting muscarinic antagonist developed as a maintenance treatment for patients with COPD. Phase III trials have shown that glycopyrronium produces rapid and sustained bronchodilation with an efficacy similar to tiotropium and is well tolerated, with a low incidence of muscarinic side effects in patients with moderate to severe COPD. A combination of glycopyrronium bromide with indacaterol maleate (QVA149) has recently been approved as a once-daily maintenance therapy in adult patients with COPD. Phase III trials (the IGNITE program) with QVA149 have demonstrated significant improvements in lung function versus placebo, glycopyrronium, and tiotropium in patients with moderate to severe COPD, with no safety concerns of note. Hence QVA149 is a safe treatment option for moderate to severe COPD patients in whom long-acting muscarinic antagonist monotherapy is inadequate.
authors.affiliation: Department of Respiratory Medicine, Castle Hill Hospital, Cottingham, UK.
authors.forename: Anoop
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Prakash
authors.affiliation: Department of Respiratory Medicine, Queen Alexandra Hospital, Cosham, Portsmouth, UK.
authors.forename: K Suresh
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Babu
authors.affiliation: Department of Respiratory Medicine, Castle Hill Hospital, Cottingham, UK ; Department of Academic Respiratory Medicine, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Castle Hill Hospital, Cottingham, UK.
authors.forename: Jaymin B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Morjaria
mesh_terms: D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D058666:Adrenergic beta-2 Receptor Agonists / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D000818:Animals; D001993:Bronchodilator Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D004338:Drug Combinations; D006024:Glycopyrrolate / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D006801:Humans; D007189:Indans / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D008168:Lung / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000503:physiopathology; D018727:Muscarinic Antagonists / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D015363:Quinolones / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D058666:Adrenergic beta-2 Receptor Agonists; D001993:Bronchodilator Agents; D004338:Drug Combinations; D007189:Indans; D018727:Muscarinic Antagonists; D015363:Quinolones; C510790:indacaterol; D006024:Glycopyrrolate
keywords: QVA149; chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; glycopyrronium bromide; indacaterol maleate; long-acting muscarinic antagonist; umeclidinium