title: My paper 20 years later: cerebral venous oxygen saturation studied with bilateral samples in the internal jugular veins.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Jugular oxygen saturation monitoring was introduced in neurointensive care after severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) to explore the adequacy of brain perfusion and guide therapeutic interventions. The brain was considered homogeneous, and oxygen saturation was taken as representative of the whole organ. We investigated whether venous outflow from the brain was homogeneous by measuring oxygen saturation simultaneously from the two jugular veins.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 32 comatose TBI patients both internal jugular veins (IJs) were simultaneously explored using intermittent samples; hemoglobin saturation was also recorded continuously by fiber-optic catheters in five patients. In five cases long catheters were inserted bilaterally upstream, up to the sigmoid sinuses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  On average, measurements from the two sides were in agreement (mean and standard deviation of the differences between the saturation of the two IJs were respectively 5.32 and 5.15). However, 15 patients showed differences of more than 15 % in hemoglobin saturation at some point; three others showed differences larger than 10 %. No relationship was found between the computed tomographic scan data and the hemoglobin saturation pattern.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Several groups have confirmed differences between oxygen saturation in the two jugular veins. After years of enthusiasm, interest for jugular saturation has decreased and more modern methods, such as tissue oxygenation monitoring, are now available. Jugular saturation monitoring has low sensitivity, with the risk of missing low saturation, but high specificity; moreover it is cheap, when used with intermittent sampling. Monitoring the adequacy of brain perfusion after severe TBI is essential. However the choice of a specific monitor depends on local resources and expertise.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiopathology and Transplant, Milan University, Milan, Italy, stocchet@policlinico.mi.it.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Stocchetti
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Magnoni
authors.forename: E R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Zanier
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001800:Blood Specimen Collection; D001921:Brain; D001924:Brain Concussion / Q000097:blood; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000097:blood*; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000097:blood; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation; D004292:Dominance, Cerebral / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006407:Hematoma, Epidural, Cranial / Q000097:blood; D006408:Hematoma, Subdural / Q000097:blood; D006452:Hemoglobinometry; D006801:Humans; D007427:Intracranial Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D007601:Jugular Veins; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
chemical_list: D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D010100:Oxygen