title: Nonviral gene delivery systems by the combination of bubble liposomes and ultrasound.
abstract: The combination of therapeutic ultrasound (US) and nano/microbubbles is an important system for establishing a novel and noninvasive gene delivery system. Genes are delivered more efficiently using this system compared with a conventional nonviral vector system such as the lipofection method, resulting in higher gene expression. This higher efficiency is due to the gene being delivered into the cytosol and bypassing the endocytosis pathway. Many in vivo studies have demonstrated US-mediated gene delivery with nano/microbubbles, and several gene therapy feasibility studies for various diseases have been reported. In addition, nano/microbubbles can deliver genes site specifically by the control of US exposure site. In the present review, we summarize the gene delivery systems by the combination of nano/microbubbles and US, describe their properties, and assess applications and challenges of US theranostics.
authors.affiliation: Department of Drug and Gene Delivery Research, Faculty of Pharma-Sciences, Teikyo University, Itabashi, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Daiki
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Omata
authors.affiliation: Department of Drug Delivery and Molecular Biopharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoichi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Negishi
authors.affiliation: Department of Drug and Gene Delivery Research, Faculty of Pharma-Sciences, Teikyo University, Itabashi, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Ryo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.affiliation: Department of Drug and Gene Delivery Research, Faculty of Pharma-Sciences, Teikyo University, Itabashi, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Yusuke
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Oda
authors.affiliation: Department of Drug Delivery and Molecular Biopharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Endo-Takahashi
authors.affiliation: Department of Drug and Gene Delivery Research, Faculty of Pharma-Sciences, Teikyo University, Itabashi, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Maruyama
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018014:Gene Transfer Techniques; D006801:Humans; D008081:Liposomes / Q000737:chemistry*; D045423:Microbubbles; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000235:genetics; D014463:Ultrasonography
chemical_list: D008081:Liposomes; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering
keywords: Cavitation; Microbubble; Nanobubble; Non-viral gene delivery systems; Sonopolation; Theranostics; Ultrasound; mRNA; siRNA