title: Stem cell therapy for retinal diseases.
abstract: In this review, we discuss about current knowledge about stem cell (SC) therapy in the treatment of retinal degeneration. Both human embryonic stem cell and induced pluripotent stem cell has been growth in culture for a long time, and started to be explored in the treatment of blinding conditions. The Food and Drug Administration, recently, has granted clinical trials using SC retinal therapy to treat complex disorders, as Stargardt's dystrophy, and patients with geographic atrophy, providing good outcomes. This study's intent is to overview the critical regeneration of the subretinal anatomy through retinal pigment epithelium transplantation, with the goal of reestablish important pathways from the retina to the occipital cortex of the brain, as well as the differentiation from pluripotent quiescent SC to adult retina, and its relationship with a primary retinal injury, different techniques of transplantation, management of immune rejection and tumorigenicity, its potential application in improving patients' vision, and, finally, approaching future directions and challenges for the treatment of several conditions.
authors.affiliation: José Mauricio Garcia, Luisa Mendonça, Murilo Abud, Bruno Diniz, Department of Ophthalmology, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia 74001-970, Brazil.
authors.forename: José Mauricio
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Garcia
authors.affiliation: José Mauricio Garcia, Luisa Mendonça, Murilo Abud, Bruno Diniz, Department of Ophthalmology, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia 74001-970, Brazil.
authors.forename: Luisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mendonça
authors.affiliation: José Mauricio Garcia, Luisa Mendonça, Murilo Abud, Bruno Diniz, Department of Ophthalmology, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia 74001-970, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rodrigo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Brant
authors.affiliation: José Mauricio Garcia, Luisa Mendonça, Murilo Abud, Bruno Diniz, Department of Ophthalmology, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia 74001-970, Brazil.
authors.forename: Murilo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Abud
authors.affiliation: José Mauricio Garcia, Luisa Mendonça, Murilo Abud, Bruno Diniz, Department of Ophthalmology, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia 74001-970, Brazil.
authors.forename: Caio
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Regatieri
authors.affiliation: José Mauricio Garcia, Luisa Mendonça, Murilo Abud, Bruno Diniz, Department of Ophthalmology, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia 74001-970, Brazil.
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Diniz
keywords: Human embryonic stem cell; Induced pluripotent stem cell; Macular degeneration; Retinal pigment epithelium; Stargardt’s disease