title: Differentiation of Aurantii Fructus Immaturus from Poniciri Trifoliatae Fructus Immaturus using flow-injection mass spectrometric (FIMS) metabolic fingerprinting method combined with chemometrics.
abstract: A flow-injection mass spectrometric metabolic fingerprinting method in combination with chemometrics was used to differentiate Aurantii Fructus Immaturus from its counterfeit Poniciri Trifoliatae Fructus Immaturus. Flow-injection mass spectrometric (FIMS) fingerprints of 9 Aurantii Fructus Immaturus samples and 12 Poniciri Trifoliatae Fructus Immaturus samples were acquired and analyzed using principal component analysis (PCA) and soft independent modeling of class analogy (SIMCA). The authentic herbs were differentiated from their counterfeits easily. Eight characteristic components which were responsible for the differences between the samples were tentatively identified. Furthermore, three out of the eight components, naringin, hesperidin, and neohesperidin, were quantified. The results are useful to help identify the authenticity of Aurantii Fructus Immaturus.
authors.affiliation: Food Composition and Methods Development Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Building-161, BARC-East, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, MD 20705, United States.
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yuan-Shiun
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Food Composition and Methods Development Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Building-161, BARC-East, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, MD 20705, United States. Electronic address: pei.chen@ars.usda.gov.
authors.forename: Pei
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D002957:Citrus / Q000737:chemistry*; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000737:chemistry; D044950:Flavanones / Q000737:chemistry; D017022:Flow Injection Analysis / Q000379:methods; D006569:Hesperidin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000737:chemistry; D013058:Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods; D025341:Principal Component Analysis / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; D044950:Flavanones; D006569:Hesperidin; C005274:naringin; C546526:neohesperidin
keywords: Bitter orange; Chemometrics; FIMS; Fingerprint; Metabolic