title: Conjugated fatty acids and methane production by rumen microbes when incubated with linseed oil alone or mixed with fish oil and/or malate.
abstract: We hypothesized that manipulating metabolism with fish oil and malate as a hydrogen acceptor would affect the biohydrogenation process of α-linolenic acid by rumen microbes. This study was to examine the effect of fish oil and/or malate on the production of conjugated fatty acids and methane (CH4 ) by rumen microbes when incubated with linseed oil. Linseed oil (LO), LO with fish oil (LO-FO), LO with malate (LO-MA), or LO with fish oil and malate (LO-FO-MA) was added to diluted rumen fluid, respectively. The LO-MA and LO-FO-MA increased pH and propionate concentration compared to the other treatments. LO-MA and LO-FO-MA reduced CH4 production compared to LO. LO-MA and LO-FO-MA increased the contents of c9,t11-conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and c9,t11,c15-conjugated linolenic acid (CLnA) compared to LO. The content of malate was rapidly reduced while that of lactate was reduced in LO-MA and LO-FO-MA from 3 h incubation time. The fold change of the quantity of methanogen related to total bacteria was decreased at both 3 h and 6 h incubation times in all treatments compared to the control. Overall data indicate that supplementation of combined malate and/or fish oil when incubated with linseed oil, could depress methane generation and increase production of propionate, CLA and CLnA under the conditions of the current in vitro study.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, Yanbian University, Yanji, China.
authors.forename: Xiang Z
authors.initials: XZ
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, Yanbian University, Yanji, China.
authors.forename: Qing S
authors.initials: QS
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, Yanbian University, Yanji, China.
authors.forename: Chang G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheong-ju, Chungbuk, Korea.
authors.forename: Seong H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Life Science, Kangwon National University, Chunchoen, Korea.
authors.forename: Jong S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheong-ju, Chungbuk, Korea.
authors.forename: Man K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Song
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D005285:Fermentation; D005395:Fish Oils / Q000378:metabolism*; D006865:Hydrogenation; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008043:Linseed Oil / Q000378:metabolism*; D008293:Malates / Q000378:metabolism*; D008697:Methane / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D011422:Propionates / Q000378:metabolism; D012417:Rumen / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology*; D013997:Time Factors; D017962:alpha-Linolenic Acid / Q000096:biosynthesis
chemical_list: D005227:Fatty Acids; D005395:Fish Oils; D008293:Malates; D011422:Propionates; D017962:alpha-Linolenic Acid; D008043:Linseed Oil; C030298:malic acid; D008697:Methane
keywords: CLA; CLnA; fish oil; linseed oil; malate; methane