title: Association between malaria exposure and Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpes virus seropositivity in Uganda.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Unlike other herpes viruses, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpes virus (KSHV) is not ubiquitous worldwide and is most prevalent in sub-Saharan Africa. The reasons for this are unclear. As part of a wider investigation of factors that facilitate transmission in Uganda, a high prevalence country, we examined the association between antimalaria antibodies and seropositivity against KSHV.
  
  
  METHODS
  Antibodies against P. falciparum merozoite surface protein (PfMSP)-1, P. falciparum apical membrane antigen (PfAMA)-1 and KSHV antigens (ORF73 and K8.1) were measured in samples from 1164 mothers and 1227 children.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpes virus seroprevalence was 69% among mothers and 15% children. Among mothers, KSHV seroprevalence increased with malaria antibody titres: from 60% to 82% and from 54% to 77%, comparing those with the lowest and highest titres for PfMSP-1 and PfAMA-1, respectively (P < 0.0001). Among children, only antibodies to PfAMA-1 were significantly associated with KSHV seropositivity, (P < 0.0001). In both mothers and children, anti-ORF73 antibodies were more strongly associated with malaria antibodies than anti-K8.1 antibodies.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The association between malaria exposure and KSHV seropositivity suggests that malaria is a cofactor for KSHV infection or reactivation.
authors.affiliation: Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, Uganda.
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nalwoga
authors.affiliation: Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, Uganda.|London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cose
authors.affiliation: Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, Uganda.|Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
authors.forename: Katie
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wakeham
authors.affiliation: Viral Oncology Section, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Wendell
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Miley
authors.affiliation: Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, Uganda.
authors.forename: Juliet
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ndibazza
authors.affiliation: London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Drakeley
authors.affiliation: Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, Uganda.|London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
authors.forename: Alison
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Elliott
authors.affiliation: Viral Oncology Section, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Denise
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Whitby
authors.affiliation: Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, Uganda.|University of York, York, UK.|International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Newton
keywords: Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpes virus; Ouganda; Uganda; herpes virus asociado al sarcoma de Kaposi; malaria; paludisme; virus de l'herpès associé au sarcome de Kaposi