title: S-nitrosylation of mouse galectin-2 prevents oxidative inactivation by hydrogen peroxide.
abstract: Galectins are a group of animal lectins characterized by their specificity for β-galactosides. Galectin-2 (Gal-2) is predominantly expressed in the gastrointestinal tract. A proteomic analysis identified Gal-2 as a protein that was S-nitrosylated when mouse gastric mucosal lysates were reacted with S-nitrosoglutathione, a physiologically relevant S-nitrosylating agent. In the present study, recombinant mouse (m)Gal-2 was S-nitrosylated using nitrosocysteine (CysNO), which had no effect on the sugar-binding specificity and dimerization capacity of the protein. On the other hand, mGal-2 oxidation by H2O2 resulted in the loss of sugar-binding ability, while S-nitrosylation prevented H2O2-inducted inactivation, presumably by protecting the Cys residue(s) in the protein. These results suggest that S-nitrosylation by nitric oxides protect Gal-2 from oxidative stress in the gastrointestinal tract.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, Saitama 350-0295, Japan.
authors.forename: Mayumi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tamura
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, Saitama 350-0295, Japan.
authors.forename: Masanori
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, Saitama 350-0295, Japan.
authors.forename: Kaori
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, Saitama 350-0295, Japan.
authors.forename: Tomoharu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takeuchi
authors.affiliation: Division of Pathophysiology, Department of Clinical Dietetics and Human Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, Saitama 350-0295, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ohtake
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Stem Cell Engineering, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Ibaraki 305-8568, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tateno
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Stem Cell Engineering, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Ibaraki 305-8568, Japan.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hirabayashi
authors.affiliation: Division of Pathophysiology, Department of Clinical Dietetics and Human Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, Saitama 350-0295, Japan.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, Saitama 350-0295, Japan. Electronic address: arata@josai.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Yoichiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Arata
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003545:Cysteine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000378:metabolism; D037501:Galectin 2 / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000378:metabolism*; D007785:Lactose / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D055503:Protein Multimerization; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D026403:S-Nitrosothiols / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D037501:Galectin 2; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D026403:S-Nitrosothiols; D009569:Nitric Oxide; C021315:S-nitrosocysteine; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D007785:Lactose; D003545:Cysteine
keywords: Galectin; Galectin-2; Oxidation; S-nitrosylation