title: Peroxisomes in cardiomyocytes and the peroxisome / peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-loop.
abstract: It is well established that the heart is strongly dependent on fatty acid metabolism. In cardiomyocytes there are two distinct sites for the β-oxidisation of fatty acids: the mitochondrion and the peroxisome. Although the metabolism of these two organelles is believed to be tightly coupled, the nature of this relationship has not been fully investigated. Recent research has established the significant contribution of mitochondrial function to cardiac ATP production under normal and pathological conditions. In contrast, limited information is available on peroxisomal function in the heart. This is despite these organelles harbouring metabolic pathways that are potentially cardio-protective, and findings that patients with peroxisomal diseases, such as adult Refsum´s disease, can develop heart failure. In this article, we provide a comprehensive overview on the current knowledge of peroxisomes and the regulation of lipid metabolism by PPARs in cardiomyocytes. We also present new experimental evidence on the differential expression of peroxisome-related genes in the heart chambers and demonstrate that even a mild peroxisomal biogenesis defect (Pex11α-/-) can induce profound alterations in the cardiomyocyte´s peroxisomal compartment and related gene expression, including the concomitant deregulation of specific PPARs. The possible impact of peroxisomal dysfunction in the heart is discussed and a model for the modulation of myocardial metabolism via a peroxisome/PPAR-loop is proposed.
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Colasante
authors.forename: Jiangping
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ahlemeyer
authors.affiliation: Eveline Baumgart-Vogt, Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology II, Division of Medical Cell Biology, University of Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany, E-mail: Eveline.Baumgart-Vogt@anatomie.med.uni-giessen.de.
authors.forename: Eveline
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Baumgart-Vogt
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000235:genetics; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000378:metabolism*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D032383:Myocytes, Cardiac / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D001678:Organelle Biogenesis; D047492:Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D020675:Peroxisomes / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D005227:Fatty Acids; D047492:Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors
keywords: Peroxisome; heart failure; peroxisomal disorders; peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor; β-oxidation of fatty acids