title: Remineralizing potential of CPP-ACP creams with and without fluoride in artificial enamel lesions.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study evaluated the effect of pastes containing casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) with and without fluoride on enamel demineralization.
  
  
  METHODS
  Human enamel blocks were used and after incipient caries-like lesions were formed, they were assigned to four groups: G1 - saliva; G2 - MI Paste (RecaldentTM); G3 - MI Paste Plus (RecaldentTM900 ppm as NaF); and G4 - Crest™(1.100 ppm as NaF). The specimens were soaked in demineralizing solution for 6 hours and remineralized in artificial saliva for 18 hours alternatively for 10 days. The dentifrice was prepared with deionized water in a 1:3 proportion (w/w) or applied undiluted in the case of the CPP-ACP formula. Demineralized enamel changes were analysed by surface microhardness (SMH), 3D-profilometry and SEM. Data were analysed by non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney test comparisons and one-way ANOVA and Tukey's HSD post hoc test (α = 0.05).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The SMH values observed in the G2 (47.8 ± 28.5) and G3 (53.6 ± 27.6) groups were different from that of G4 (90.2 ± 17.1), which were significantly higher than that found in G1 (39.4 ± 14.2). The %SMH was significantly lower in G4 when compared to G1 (p < 0.001) and G3 (p < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MI Paste Plus demonstrated a greater protective effect against demineralization than MI Paste and showed smoother surfaces.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Fluminense Federal University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Pra
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.affiliation: Department of Statistics, Fluminense Federal University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Abm
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fonseca
authors.affiliation: Analytical Laboratory of Restorative Biomaterials, School of Dentistry, Federal Fluminense University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Fluminense Federal University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Tcl
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Coutinho
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Fluminense Federal University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Tostes
keywords: CPP-ACP; dental caries; enamel; fluoride; microhardness