title: Chronic Prosopis glandulosa treatment blunts neutrophil infiltration and enhances muscle repair after contusion injury.
abstract: The current treatment options for soft tissue injuries remain suboptimal and often result in delayed/incomplete recovery of damaged muscle. The current study aimed to evaluate the effects of oral Prosopis glandulosa treatment on inflammation and regeneration in skeletal muscle after contusion injury, in comparison to a conventional treatment. The gastrocnemius muscle of rats was subjected to mass-drop injury and muscle samples collected after 1-, 3 h, 1- and 7 days post-injury. Rats were treated with P. glandulosa (100 mg/kg/day) either for 8 weeks prior to injury (up until day 7 post-injury), only post-injury, or with topically applied diclofenac post-injury (0.57 mg/kg). Neutrophil (His48-positive) and macrophage (F4/80-positive) infiltration was assessed by means of immunohistochemistry. Indicators of muscle satellite cell proliferation (ADAM12) and regeneration (desmin) were used to evaluate muscle repair. Chronic P. glandulosa and diclofenac treatment (p<0.0001) was associated with suppression of the neutrophil response to contusion injury, however only chronic P. glandulosa treatment facilitated more effective muscle recovery (increased ADAM12 (p<0.05) and desmin (p<0.001) expression), while diclofenac treatment had inhibitory effects on repair, despite effective inhibition of neutrophil response. Data indicates that P. glandulosa treatment results in more effective muscle repair after contusion.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Science, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa. chill@sun.ac.za.
authors.forename: Cindy
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: George
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa. csmith@sun.ac.za.
authors.forename: Carine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa. awisaacs@sun.ac.za.
authors.forename: Ashwin W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Isaacs
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Science, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa. bh3@sun.ac.za.
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Huisamen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003288:Contusions / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D008297:Male; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000187:drug effects / Q000293:injuries* / Q000473:pathology; D020556:Neutrophil Infiltration / Q000187:drug effects*; D008517:Phytotherapy; D028321:Plant Preparations / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D029862:Prosopis / Q000737:chemistry*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D028321:Plant Preparations