title: Altered IL-2, IL-6 and IL-8 serum levels in schizophrenia patients with tardive dyskinesia.
abstract: Immune deregulation has been postulated to be one of the mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of tardive dyskinesia (TD). We hypothesized that interleukins would have a link with TD in schizophrenia patients. In this study, the serum IL-2, IL-6 and IL-8 levels were examined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in schizophrenia patients with TD (n=48) and without TD (n=45), and healthy controls (n=44). The psychopathological symptoms of schizophrenia were assessed by the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). The severity of TD was evaluated using Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale (AIMS). The results showed that serum IL-2, IL-6 and IL-8 levels were significantly different among schizophrenia patients with TD and without TD and normal controls. Moreover, IL-2 level was significantly correlated with PANSS positive subscale and general subscale in patients with TD and without TD. In addition, IL-2 level was positively correlated with AIMS score in TD patients. The results supported that immune disturbance is related to the schizophrenia patients, especially to the patients with TD and ILs might play an important role in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia patients with TD.
authors.affiliation: Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Hui-Mei
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: An
authors.affiliation: Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Yun-Long
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.affiliation: Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Zhi-Ren
authors.initials: ZR
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Harris County Psychiatric Center, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Jair C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Soars
authors.affiliation: School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health, The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
authors.forename: Jing Qin
authors.initials: JQ
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Fu-De
authors.initials: FD
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Centre for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, NSW, Australia.
authors.forename: Xu-Feng
authors.initials: XF
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Harris County Psychiatric Center, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA. Electronic address: xiang.y.zhang@uth.tmc.edu.
authors.forename: Xiang Yang
authors.initials: XY
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001774:Blood Chemical Analysis; D002908:Chronic Disease; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000097:blood*; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood*; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009069:Movement Disorders / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications; D012720:Severity of Illness Index
chemical_list: C508606:CXCL8 protein, human; C508594:IL2 protein, human; C508600:IL6 protein, human; D007376:Interleukin-2; D015850:Interleukin-6; D016209:Interleukin-8
keywords: Immune; Interleukin; Schizophrenia; Tardive dyskinesia