title: Process of technical stabilization of gastric endoscopic submucosal dissection at the National Cancer Center in Japan.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) was originally developed in 1995 using an insulation-tipped diathermic knife (Olympus, Tokyo, Japan) to achieve en-bloc resection of early gastric cancer (EGC). It has been suggested that advances in endoscopic devices and medical equipment, such as the high-frequency generator (1999) and hemostatic forceps (2000), and procedural improvements including post-ESD preventive coagulation of visible vessels in the resection area (2003) led to further progress of ESD; therefore, we investigated the actual process of technical stabilization of gastric ESD.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 1,713 consecutive patients with solitary differentiated-type EGC at initial onset underwent ESD at our hospital from 1995 to 2006. We retrospectively assessed ESD outcomes for all patients by dividing them into three chronological periods: 1995-1998 (1st period; 57 patients), 1999-2002 (2nd period; 563 patients), and 2003-2006 (3rd period; 1,093 patients).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The en-bloc resection, intraoperative bleeding, and delayed bleeding in the 1st/2nd/3rd period were 52.6%/94.7%/99.3% (1st vs. 2nd, p<0.01; 2nd vs. 3rd, p<0.01), 8.8%/7.1%/1.6% (1st vs. 2nd, no significant difference; 2nd vs. 3rd, p<0.01), and 15.8%/7.6%/3.3% (1st vs. 2nd, p<0.05; 2nd vs. 3rd, p<0.01), respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Gastric ESD has stabilized technically following advances in endoscopic devices and medical equipment together with procedural improvements.
authors.affiliation: Endoscopy Division, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan. harusuzu@ncc.go.jp.
authors.forename: Haruhisa
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: Ichiro
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Oda
authors.forename: Masau
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sekiguchi
authors.forename: Seiichiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Abe
authors.forename: Satoru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nonaka
authors.forename: Shigetaka
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yoshinaga
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D005743:Gastrectomy / Q000379:methods*; D005753:Gastric Mucosa / Q000601:surgery*; D005773:Gastroscopy; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*