title: Passenger comfort on high-speed trains: effect of tunnel noise on the subjective assessment of pressure variations.
abstract: When passing through a tunnel, aerodynamic effects on high-speed trains may impair passenger comfort. These variations in atmospheric pressure are accompanied by transient increases in sound pressure level. To date, it is unclear whether the latter influences the perceived discomfort associated with the variations in atmospheric pressure. In a pressure chamber of the DLR-Institute of Aerospace Medicine, 71 participants (M = 28.3 years ± 8.1 SD) rated randomised pressure changes during two conditions according to a crossover design. The pressure changes were presented together with tunnel noise such that the sound pressure level was transiently elevated by either +6 dB (low noise condition) or +12 dB (high noise condition) above background noise level (65 dB(A)). Data were combined with those of a recent study, in which identical pressure changes were presented without tunnel noise (Schwanitz et al., 2013, 'Pressure Variations on a Train - Where is the Threshold to Railway Passenger Discomfort?' Applied Ergonomics 44 (2): 200-209). Exposure-response relationships for the combined data set comprising all three noise conditions show that pressure discomfort increases with the magnitude and speed of the pressure changes but decreases with increasing tunnel noise. Practitioner Summary: In a pressure chamber, we systematically examined how pressure discomfort, as it may be experienced by railway passengers, is affected by the presence of tunnel noise during pressure changes. It is shown that across three conditions (no noise, low noise (+6 dB), high noise (+12 dB)) pressure discomfort decreases with increasing tunnel noise.
authors.affiliation: a German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute of Aerospace Medicine, Division of Flight Physiology , Cologne , Germany.
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sanok
authors.forename: Franco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mendolia
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wittkowski
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rooney
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Putzke
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Aeschbach
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009624:Noise, Transportation; D011312:Pressure; D011890:Railroads; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: high-speed train; passenger comfort; pressure variations; sound pressure level; tunnel