title: Characterization of magnesia-doped yttria-stabilized zirconia powders for dental technology applications.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This paper is focused on the works concerning preparation of zirconium oxide ceramic blocks recommended for CAD/CAM systems used in prosthetic dentistry for manufacturing fixed prosthetic restorations.
  
  
  METHODS
  Zirconium-yttrium-magnesium mixed ceramic oxides were prepared by sol-gel method via hydrolysis and condensation of zirconium alkoxide precursor (zirconium (IV) propoxide) with yttrium and magnesium nitrates diluted in 2-propanol. The aim of this work was to obtain 2% mol yttria-stabilized zirconia ceramic powders with magnesium as an additional tetragonal ZrO2 phase stabilizer in amount between 2÷6% mol (with 2% variable). Prepared gels were dried (24 h at 65 °C). Obtained powders were mixed with binder (carboxymethyl cellulose) and uniaxial pressed into specimens with a dimensions 38 × 22 × 6 mm. Afterwards green bodies were sintered in range of temperature between 1350-1550 °C. Powders and blocks were characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, Specific Area Measurement.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Highly homogeneous powders with a low open porosity were obtained. Prepared blocks after sintering showed numerous cracks. Nevertheless blocks were fine grained and showed quite reproducible chemical composition.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A sol gel wet chemical route of powder synthesis allow us to obtain high homogenous ceramic materials with inconsiderable amount of pores with low variation in dimensions. In spite of a reproducible synthesis methods of a ceramic powders, applied to prepare green bodies procedure and sintering manner do not allowed to obtain zirconia cermic blocks free from cracks.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomaterials and Medical Devices Engineering, Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, Zabrze, Poland.
authors.forename: Damian
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Nakonieczny
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomaterials and Medical Devices Engineering, Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, Zabrze, Poland.
authors.forename: Witold
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Walke
authors.affiliation: Department of Biosensors and Biomedical Signal Processing, Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland.
authors.forename: Justyna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Majewska
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomaterials and Medical Devices Engineering, Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, Zabrze, Poland.
authors.forename: Zbigniew
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Paszenda
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D005782:Gels; D008277:Magnesium Oxide / Q000737:chemistry*; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000737:chemistry; D011208:Powders; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D013674:Technology, Dental / Q000379:methods*; D013696:Temperature; D015019:Yttrium / Q000737:chemistry*; D015040:Zirconium / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D005782:Gels; D011208:Powders; D008277:Magnesium Oxide; D015019:Yttrium; D015040:Zirconium; D009584:Nitrogen; C028541:zirconium oxide; C091417:yttria