title: Analysis of thiabendazole, 4-tert-octylphenol and chlorpyrifos in waste and sewage water by direct injection – micellar liquid chromatography.
abstract: A micellar liquid chromatographic method has been developed for the simultaneous quantification of the pesticides thiabendazole and chlorpyrifos, as well as an alkylphenol, which is included in pesticide formulations, i.e., 4-tert-octylphenol, in water. A sample was filtered and directly injected, avoiding large extraction steps using toxic solvents, thus expediting the experimental procedure. The contaminants were eluted without interferences in <17 min, using a mobile phase of 0.15 M sodium dodecyl sulfate – 6% 1-pentanol buffered at pH 3, running through a C18 column at 1 mL min(-1) under the isocratic mode. This optimal mobile phase was selected using a statistical approach, which considers the retention factor, efficiency and peak shape of the analytes measured in only a few mobile phases. The detection was carried out by measuring absorbance at 220 nm. The method was successfully validated in terms of specificity, calibration range (0.5-10 mg L(-1)), linearity (r(2) > 0.994), limit of detection and quantification (0.2-0.3; and 0.5-0.8 mg L(-1), respectively), intra- and interday accuracy (95.2-102.9%), precision (<8.3%), and ruggedness (<9.3%). The stability in storage conditions (at least 14 days) was studied. The method was safe, inexpensive, produced little pollutant and has a short analysis time, thus it is useful for the routine analysis of samples. Finally, the method was applied to analyse wastewater from the fruit-processing industry, wastewater treatment plants, and in sewage water belonging to the Castelló area (Spain). The results were similar to those obtained by an already reliable method.
authors.affiliation: Departament de Química Física i Analítica, ESTCE, Universitat Jaume I, 12074 Castelló, Spain. vicentej@uji.es.
authors.forename: Ricard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Romero-Cano
authors.forename: Diego
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kassuha
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Peris-Vicente
authors.forename: Pasqual
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Roca-Genovés
authors.forename: Samuel
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Carda-Broch
authors.forename: Josep
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Esteve-Romero
mesh_terms: D004390:Chlorpyrifos / Q000032:analysis*; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D008823:Micelles; D010636:Phenols / Q000032:analysis*; D012722:Sewage / Q000032:analysis; D013827:Thiabendazole / Q000032:analysis*; D062065:Wastewater / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D004390:Chlorpyrifos; D008823:Micelles; D010636:Phenols; D012722:Sewage; D013827:Thiabendazole; D062065:Wastewater; C105260:4-tert-octylphenol