title: Brushite foams--the effect of Tween® 80 and Pluronic® F-127 on foam porosity and mechanical properties.
abstract: Resorbable calcium phosphate based bone void fillers should work as temporary templates for new bone formation. The incorporation of macropores with sizes of 100 -300 µm has been shown to increase the resorption rate of the implant and speed up bone ingrowth. In this work, macroporous brushite cements were fabricated through foaming of the cement paste, using two different synthetic surfactants, Tween® 80 and Pluronic® F-127. The macropores formed in the Pluronic samples were both smaller and less homogeneously distributed compared with the pores formed in the Tween samples. The porosity and compressive strength (CS) were comparable to previously developed hydroxyapatite foams. The cement foam containing Tween, 0.5M citric acid in the liquid, 1 mass% of disodium dihydrogen pyrophosphate mixed in the powder and a liquid to powder ratio of 0.43 mL/g, showed the highest porosity values (76% total and 56% macroporosity), while the CS was >1 MPa, that is, the hardened cement could be handled without rupture of the foamed structure. The investigated brushite foams show potential for future clinical use, both as bone void fillers and as scaffolds for in vitro bone regeneration.
authors.affiliation: Department of Engineering Sciences, Division of Applied Materials Science, Uppsala University, Sweden.|Department of Engineering Sciences, Uppsala University, Sweden.
authors.forename: Johanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Unosson
authors.affiliation: Biomaterials, Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, Technical University of Catalonia (UPC), ETSEIB, Spain.|Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Spain.
authors.forename: Edgar B
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Montufar
authors.affiliation: Department of Engineering Sciences, Division of Applied Materials Science, Uppsala University, Sweden.|Department of Engineering Sciences, Uppsala University, Sweden.
authors.forename: Håkan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Engqvist
authors.affiliation: Biomaterials, Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, Technical University of Catalonia (UPC), ETSEIB, Spain.|Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Spain.
authors.forename: Maria-Pau
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Ginebra
authors.affiliation: Department of Engineering Sciences, Division of Applied Materials Science, Uppsala University, Sweden.|Department of Engineering Sciences, Uppsala University, Sweden.
authors.forename: Cecilia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Persson
mesh_terms: D002130:Calcium Phosphates / Q000737:chemistry*; D020442:Poloxamer / Q000737:chemistry*; D011136:Polysorbates / Q000737:chemistry*; D016062:Porosity; D055682:Viscoelastic Substances / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D002130:Calcium Phosphates; D011136:Polysorbates; D055682:Viscoelastic Substances; D020442:Poloxamer; C494366:calcium phosphate, dibasic, dihydrate
keywords: 80; Brushite; F-127; Pluronic®; Tween®; foam; porosity; setting time; strength