title: [Hybrid operation for acute left leg deep venous thrombosis secondary to left iliac vein compression syndrome: analysis of 36 cases].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the surgical techniques for acute left deep venous thrombosis (LDVT) secondary to left iliac vein compression syndrome (IVCS).
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-six patients with acute LDVT secondary to IVCS received inferior vena cava filter placement, and in 2 of the cases, stent implantation was canceled for acute episode of obsolete DVT. The remaining 34 patients underwent left femoral venotomy for iliofemoral thrombectomy with Fogarty catheter and distal femoral vein thrombus removal by sequential compression of the legs, followed by implantation of stent-graft (2 cases) or bare-metal stents (32 cases) in the left common iliac veins. With routine anticoagulation and thrombolytic treatments, the patients were regularly examined for postoperative blood flow in the affected limb.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 2 of the cases undergoing bare-metal stent implantation, the residue thrombi were squeezed into the stent by balloon, which was managed subsequently with local thrombolysis. One patient with bare-metal stent implantation received a secondary stenting for posterior stent displacement. Three patients had self-limited bleeding due to decreased serum FBG. Significant improvements were achieved at 3, 6, 30 and 180 days postoperatively in the circumferences of the affected limb (P<0.05) and in the levels of D-dimer (P=0.011), and FBG level showed no significant variations (F=1.163, P=0.345). The total rate of excellent outcomes was 83.3% (26/34) with a total effective rate of 91.2% (31/34) in these cases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Thrombectomy to revascularize the inflow tract and stent implantation to enlarge stenosed iliac veins are key issues in treatment of acute LDVT secondary to IVCS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Vascular Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.E-mail: zhoujohnson001 @yahoo.com.cn.
authors.forename: Zhong-Xin
authors.initials: ZX
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Fang-Yong
authors.initials: FY
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.forename: Zhi-Qi
authors.initials: ZQ
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Chun-Qiu
authors.initials: CQ
authors.lastname: Pan
mesh_terms: D005268:Femoral Vein / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007866:Leg / Q000473:pathology*; D062108:May-Thurner Syndrome / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery*; D015607:Stents; D017131:Thrombectomy; D058017:Vascular Grafting; D020246:Venous Thrombosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*