title: Posterior augmented glenoid designs preserve more bone in biconcave glenoids.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Total shoulder arthroplasty is recommended treatment for severe osteoarthritis of the glenohumeral joint, which often results in excessive posterior wear. Two recent glenoid components with posterior augments have been designed to correct excessive posterior wear and retroversion. Our primary hypothesis was that posterior augmented glenoid designs require less bone removal than a standard glenoid design.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten arthritic scapulae classified as Walch B2 glenoids were virtually implanted with standard, stepped, and wedged components. The volume of surgical bone removal, the maximum reaming depth, and the portion of the implant surface in contact with cancellous vs. cortical bone were calculated for each implant.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The neoglenoid made up an average of 65% ± 12% of the glenoid width. Mean surgical bone volume removed was least for the wedged (2857 ± 1618 mm(3)) compared with the stepped (4307 ± 1485 mm(3); P < .001) and standard (5385 ± 2348 mm(3); P < .001) designs. Maximum bone depth removed for the wedged (4.2 ± 2.0 mm) was less than for the stepped (7.6 ± 1.2 mm; P < .001) and standard (9.9 ± 3.2 mm; P < .001). The mean percentage of the implant's back surface supported by cancellous bone was 18.2% for the standard, 8.8% for the stepped (P = .02), and 4.3% for the wedged (P = .01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both augmented components corrected glenoid version to neutral and required less bone removal, required less reaming depth, and were supported by more cortical bone than in the standard implant. The least amount of bone removed was with the wedged design.
authors.affiliation: Southeastern Sports Medicine, a service of Park Ridge Health, Asheville, NC, USA.
authors.forename: Andrew D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Kersten
authors.affiliation: Scripps Health, Shiley Center for Orthopaedic Research and Education at Scripps Clinic, La Jolla, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Cesar
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Flores-Hernandez
authors.affiliation: Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Scripps Clinic, La Jolla, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Heinz R
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Hoenecke
authors.affiliation: Scripps Health, Shiley Center for Orthopaedic Research and Education at Scripps Clinic, La Jolla, CA, USA. Electronic address: ddlima@scripps.edu.
authors.forename: Darryl D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: D'Lima
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D019643:Arthroplasty, Replacement / Q000379:methods; D003198:Computer Simulation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D007595:Joint Prosthesis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010003:Osteoarthritis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D012540:Scapula / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D012785:Shoulder Joint / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
keywords: Shoulder arthroplasty; augmented implant; glenohumeral arthritis; glenoid design; retroversion