title: Fucoidan protects ARPE-19 cells from oxidative stress via normalization of reactive oxygen species generation through the Ca²⁺-dependent ERK signaling pathway.
abstract: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a common complication of diabetes mellitus (DM) and it is the main cause of loss of vision. In previous years, interest in the biological activities of marine organisms has intensified. The effect of fucoidan from the seaweed Fucus vesiculosus on the molecular mechanisms of numerous diseases has been studied, while to date, its effect on DR was yet to be investigated. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the role of fucoidan in DR. The human retinal pigment epithelial cell line ARPE‑19 was exposed to high D‑glucose in the presence or absence of fucoidan. Cell viability was monitored using MTT and lactate dehydrogenase assays. The intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation was measured using fluorescence spectrophotometry. Cell apoptosis was measured by flow cytometry using Annexin V‑fluorescein isothiocyanate staining. Ca2+ influx was measured with a calcium imaging system and the activation of the extracellular signal‑regulated kinase (ERK) protein was evaluated using western blot analysis. The non‑toxic fucoidan protected ARPE‑19 cells from high glucose‑induced cell death and normalized high glucose‑induced generation of ROS. Fucoidan also inhibited high glucose‑induced cell apoptosis, as well as the Ca2+ influx and ERK1/2 phosphorylation in ARPE‑19 cells. Taken together, these findings indicated that fucoidan protects ARPE‑19 cells against high glucose‑induced oxidative damage via normalization of ROS generation through the Ca2+‑dependent ERK signaling pathway.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Biochemistry Laboratory, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Xiaoxia
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Central Hospital of Liaoyang City, Liaoyang, Liaoning 111000, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Haiyan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang 154002, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Qingfa
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Biochemistry Laboratory, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Hongyan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Biochemistry Laboratory, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Xiaofeng
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Jiang
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D005947:Glucose / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System / Q000187:drug effects*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism*; D055213:Retinal Pigment Epithelium / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D011134:Polysaccharides; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; C007789:fucoidan; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases; D005947:Glucose; D002118:Calcium