title: Oxidative stress and DNA damage induced by imidacloprid in zebrafish (Danio rerio).
abstract: Imidacloprid is a neonicotinoid insecticide that can have negative effects on nontarget animals. The present study was conducted to assess the toxicity of various imidacloprid doses (0.3, 1.25, and 5 mg/mL) on zebrafish sampled after 7, 14, 21, and 28 days of exposure. The levels of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), reactive oxygen species (ROS), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), and malondialdehyde (MDA) and the extent of DNA damage were measured to evaluate the toxicity of imidacloprid on zebrafish. SOD and GST activities were noticeably increased during early exposure but were inhibited toward the end of the exposure period. In addition, the CAT levels decreased to the control level following their elevation during early exposure. High concentrations of imidacloprid (1.25 and 5 mg/L) induced excessive ROS production and markedly increased MDA content on the 21st day of exposure. DNA damage was dose- and time-dependent. In conclusion, the present study showed that imidacloprid can induce oxidative stress and DNA damage in zebrafish.
authors.affiliation: National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment in Universities of Shandong, College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agriculture University , Taian, 271018, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Weili
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Ge
authors.forename: Saihong
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.forename: Jinhua
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Lusheng
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Aimei
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002374:Catalase / Q000032:analysis; D004249:DNA Damage / Q000187:drug effects*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000032:analysis; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D007306:Insecticides; D008099:Liver / Q000737:chemistry / Q000201:enzymology; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000032:analysis; D000073943:Neonicotinoids; D009574:Nitro Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000032:analysis; D015027:Zebrafish
chemical_list: D007093:Imidazoles; D007306:Insecticides; D000073943:Neonicotinoids; D009574:Nitro Compounds; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; C082359:imidacloprid; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D002374:Catalase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D005982:Glutathione Transferase
keywords: GST; MDA; ROS; SCGE; antioxidative system; imidacloprid