title: Investigations into distribution of lidocaine in human autopsy material.
abstract: With screening methods in the legal medicine drugs were often detected in autopsy material. In this study the antiarrhythmic and the local anesthetic drug lidocaine could be proved in fifty-one cases and determined in different autopsy materials. For the first time the comparison of so many distribution patterns of lidocaine in human compartments was possible. A liquid-liquid extraction procedure, a standard addition method and LC/MS/MS were used for analytics. The measured concentrations in blood were in the therapeutic range or lower. The time between lidocaine application and death was given in twenty-nine cases. These data were very helpful to estimate and interpret the distribution process of lidocaine between application and death. This time exerted a crucial influence on the distribution of lidocaine in the compartments. Most of the intravenous applicated lidocaine was found in heart blood after a very short time of distribution. Afterwards the highest concentrations were measured in brain. Later the highest concentration was found in the kidney samples or in urine. If the time between lidocaine application and death is known, the results of this study can be used to deepen the knowledge of its pharmacokinetics. If this time is unknown, the circumstances and the causes of death can be better explained.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
authors.forename: Reinhard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Oertel
authors.affiliation: Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
authors.forename: Norman
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Arenz
authors.affiliation: Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
authors.forename: Sten Gunnar
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Zeitz
authors.affiliation: Institute of Legal Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
authors.forename: Jörg
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pietsch
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000652:urine; D001344:Autopsy; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid; D005260:Female; D005554:Forensic Medicine; D006801:Humans; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000652:urine; D059625:Liquid-Liquid Extraction; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry; D014018:Tissue Distribution; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D008012:Lidocaine
keywords: autopsy material; compartment; distribution patterns; lidocaine