title: Long-chain perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids in Pacific cods from coastal areas in northern Japan: a major source of human dietary exposure.
abstract: This study investigates perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (PFCAs) contamination of edible fish muscle from Japanese coastal waters. The concentrations of PFCAs with 8-14 carbon atoms (C8-C14) in Pacific cods in Hokkaido, Japan were 51 (median: pg/g-wet weight) for C8, 93 for C9, 99 for C10, 746 for C11, 416 for C12, 404 for C13, and 93 for C14. The levels of C9-C14 PFCAs in fish were strongly correlated to each other, but not to C8 and the other chlorinated persistent organic pollutants, indicating that C9-C14 PFCAs have a different emission source and/or bioaccumulation mechanism. The relative ratios between estimated PFCAs intake through fish consumption and the reported total dietary exposure of PFCAs were less than 1 for C8 to C9, but were more than 1 for C10 to C14. This result strongly suggests that fish consumption is a significant source of human dietary exposure to C10-C14 PFCAs.
authors.affiliation: Daiichi University of Pharmacy, Tamagawa-cho, Minami-ku, Fukuoka 815-8511, Japan.
authors.forename: Yukiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fujii
authors.affiliation: Daiichi University of Pharmacy, Tamagawa-cho, Minami-ku, Fukuoka 815-8511, Japan.
authors.forename: Tsukasa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sakurada
authors.affiliation: Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Yoshida Konoe, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
authors.forename: Kouji H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Harada
authors.affiliation: Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Yoshida Konoe, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
authors.forename: Akio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Koizumi
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, 1757 Kanazawa, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Hokkaido 061-0293, Japan.
authors.forename: Osamu
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Kimura
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, 1757 Kanazawa, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Hokkaido 061-0293, Japan.
authors.forename: Tetsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Endo
authors.affiliation: Daiichi University of Pharmacy, Tamagawa-cho, Minami-ku, Fukuoka 815-8511, Japan. Electronic address: k-haraguti@daiichi-cps.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Koichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Haraguchi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002264:Carboxylic Acids / Q000378:metabolism*; D004032:Diet / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D005466:Fluorocarbons / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D048388:Gadiformes / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D002264:Carboxylic Acids; D005466:Fluorocarbons; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical
keywords: Human dietary intake; Japan; Perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids; Perfluorooctanoic acid; Sea fish