title: The effects of secondhand smoke exposure on infant growth: a prospective cohort study.
abstract: Mother's and infant exposure to cigarette smoke is one of the most important public health problems. There is no study in Iran evaluating the impact of cigarette smoke on infant growth and development. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of cigarette. This prospective cohort study was conducted on 51 cigarette smoke-exposed infants (exposed group) and 51 non-exposed infants (non-exposed group). They were evaluated for weight, height and head circumference three times; five to seven days, two months and four months after birth. Urine samples were also collected in each turn. Exposure to secondhand smoke was assessed through questionnaires and urinary cotinine levels. The analysis was performed using an independent t-test, Mann-Whitney U test, chi-square and Fisher's exact and Kappa tests. Mean urinary cotinine level in the exposed group was 38.57±2.85 ng/mg creatinine at baseline, 86.95±1.16 at two months and 63.32±2.08 at four months of age. These indicated a gradual reduction of exposure from two to four months. The weight and height of the exposed group were significantly lower than the non-exposed group (P< 0.001) at two and four months after birth. The results of the present study showed that the exposure to secondhand smoke during infancy may lead to weight and height growth reduction in the first four months of life.
authors.affiliation: Department of Reproductive Health, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. a.midwifery@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Azam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Baheiraei
authors.affiliation: Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. A.midwifery@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Azar
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shamsi
authors.affiliation: Department of Toxicology, School of Medicine, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran. A.midwifery@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Afshin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mohsenifar
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics, School of Medicine, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran. A.midwifery@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Anoshirvan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kazemnejad
authors.affiliation: Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. A.midwifery@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Zinat
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Hatmi
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. A.midwifery@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Milani
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Biochemistry, School of Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. A.midwifery@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Keshavarz
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001835:Body Weight; D002657:Child Development; D003367:Cotinine / Q000652:urine; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn / Q000254:growth & development; D007492:Iran; D008297:Male; D010290:Parents / Q000523:psychology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000517:prevention & control
chemical_list: D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution; D003367:Cotinine