title: Oral hydration for prevention of contrast-induced acute kidney injury in elective radiological procedures: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The reports on efficacy of oral hydration treatment for the prevention of contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CIAKI) in elective radiological procedures and cardiac catheterization remain controversial.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this meta-analysis was to assess the use of oral hydration regimen for prevention of CIAKI.
  
  
  METHODS
  Comprehensive literature searches for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of outpatient oral hydration treatment was performed using MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials Systematic Reviews, and clinicaltrials.gov from inception until July 4(th), 2014. Primary outcome was the incidence of CIAKI.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Six prospective RCTs were included in our analysis. Of 513patients undergoing elective procedures with contrast exposures,45 patients (8.8%) had CIAKI. Of 241 patients with oral hydration regimen, 23 (9.5%) developed CIAKI. Of 272 patients with intravenous (IV) fluid regimen, 22 (8.1%) had CIAKI. Study populations in all included studies had relatively normal kidney function to chronic kidney disease (CKD) stage 3. There was no significant increased risk of CIAKI in oral fluid regimen group compared toIV fluid regimen group (RR = 0.94, 95% confidence interval, CI = 0.38-2.31).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  According to our analysis,there is no evidence that oral fluid regimen is associated with more risk of CIAKI in patients undergoing elective procedures with contrast exposures compared to IV fluid regimen. This finding suggests that the oral fluid regimen might be considered as a possible outpatient treatment option for CIAKI prevention in patients with normal to moderately reduced kidney function.
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America.
authors.forename: Wisit
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Cheungpasitporn
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America.
authors.forename: Charat
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Thongprayoon
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America.
authors.forename: Brady A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Brabec
authors.affiliation: State University of New York, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, United States of America.
authors.forename: Peter J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Edmonds
authors.affiliation: University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
authors.forename: Oisin A
authors.initials: OA
authors.lastname: O'Corragain
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America.
authors.forename: Stephen B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Erickson
keywords: Contrast-Induced Acute Kidney Injury; Contrast-induced Nephropathy; Elective cardiac catheterization; Meta-analysis; Oral Hydration