title: Intraoperative vascular DIVA surgery reveals angiogenic hotspots in tumor zones of malignant gliomas.
abstract: Malignant gliomas belong to the most threatening tumor entities and are hallmarked by rapid proliferation, hypervascularization and an invasive growth pattern. The primary obstacle in surgical treatment lies in differentiation between healthy and pathological tissue at the tumor margins, where current visualization methods reach their limits. Here, we report on a novel technique (vascular dual intraoperative visualization approach - vDIVA) enabling visualization of different tumor zones (TZ I-III) on the basis of angiogenic hotspots. We investigated glioblastoma patients who underwent 5-ALA fluorescence-guided surgery with simultaneous intraoperative ICG fluorescence angiography. This vDIVA technique revealed hypervascularized areas which were further histologically investigated. Neuropathological assessments revealed tissue areas at the resection margins corresponding to TZ II, and postoperative CD34- and Map2 immunostaining confirmed these angiogenic hotspots to be occupied by glioma cells. Hence, the vascular architecture in this transitional zone could be well differentiated from both primary tumor bulk and healthy brain parenchyma. These data demonstrate that ICG fluorescence angiography improves state-of-the-art glioma surgery techniques and facilitates the future characterization of polyclonal attributes of malignant gliomas.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Faculty of the Friedrich Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU).
authors.forename: Ilker Y
authors.initials: IY
authors.lastname: Eyüpoglu
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Faculty of the Friedrich Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU).
authors.forename: Nirjhar
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hore
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Faculty of the Friedrich Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU).
authors.forename: Zheng
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropathology, Medical Faculty of the Friedrich Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU).
authors.forename: Rolf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Buslei
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Faculty of the Friedrich Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU).
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Merkel
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Faculty of the Friedrich Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU).
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Buchfelder
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Faculty of the Friedrich Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU).
authors.forename: Nicolai E
authors.initials: NE
authors.lastname: Savaskan
mesh_terms: D018952:Antigens, CD34 / Q000378:metabolism; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000601:surgery*; D002452:Cell Count; D005451:Fluorescein Angiography; D005910:Glioma / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007208:Indocyanine Green / Q000378:metabolism; D007430:Intraoperative Care / Q000379:methods*; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000601:surgery*; D014656:Vascular Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D018952:Antigens, CD34; C489788:MAP2 protein, human; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins; D007208:Indocyanine Green