title: Paraphyly of the subgenus Anaphlebotomus and creation of Madaphlebotomus subg. nov. (Phlebotominae: Phlebotomus).
abstract: The systematic position of the Malagasy Phlebotomus (Diptera: Psychodidae) species was assessed in molecular phylogenetic studies. Three molecular markers were sequenced: cytochrome b of the mitochondrial DNA; ITS2, and the D8 domain of the ribosomal DNA. The following species were studied: Phlebotomus (Anaphlebotomus) berentiensis, Phlebotomus (Anaphlebotomus) fertei, Phlebotomus (Anaphlebotomus) fontenillei, Phlebotomus (Anaphlebotomus) vaomalalae and Phlebotomus (Anaphlebotomus) vincenti from Madagascar; Phlebotomus (Anaphlebotomus) stantoni from Asia, and Phlebotomus (Anaphlebotomus) rodhaini from Africa. The following outgroups were selected: Phlebotomus (Euphlebotomus) argentipes, Phlebotomus (Euphlebotomus) barguesae, Phlebotomus (Larroussius) perfiliewi s.l. and Phlebotomus (Adlerius) simici. Each marker analysed by maximum parsimony and maximum likelihood supports the monophyly of the Malagasy Phlebotomus spp. Consequently, we create a new subgenus for these species: Madaphlebotomus subg. nov. This molecular individualization is reinforced by the originality of their spermathecae and by the fact that their geographical distribution is limited to Madagascar, and considers the high level of endemism on this island.
authors.affiliation: Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, ANSES, SFR Cap Santé, EA4688 - USC Transmission Vectorielle et Épidémiosurveillance de Maladies Parasitaires (VECPAR), Reims, France.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Depaquit
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Leger
authors.forename: F J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Randrianambinintsoa
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D045303:Cytochromes b / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D019476:Insect Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008270:Madagascar; D008297:Male; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010691:Phlebotomus / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics; D010802:Phylogeny; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA
chemical_list: D004275:DNA, Ribosomal; D019476:Insect Proteins; D045303:Cytochromes b
keywords: Insects; Madagascar; mitochondrial DNA; molecular systematics; ribosomal DNA; sandflies