title: Dose-dependency of dexamethasone on the analgesic effect of interscalene block for arthroscopic shoulder surgery using ropivacaine 0.5%: A randomised controlled trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Dexamethasone prolongs the duration of single-shot interscalene brachial plexus block (SISB). However, dose-dependency of dexamethasone as an adjuvant for SISB remains insufficiently understood.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of different doses of dexamethasone on the duration of SISB using ropivacaine 0.5%.
  
  
  METHODS
  A randomised, double-blind controlled trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Single university tertiary care centre.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and forty-four patients scheduled for elective arthroscopic shoulder surgery were allocated randomly to one of four groups.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients received 12 ml of ropivacaine 0.5% in 0.9% saline (control group), or containing dexamethasone 2.5, 5.0 or 7.5 mg for SISB.
  
  
  METHODS
  The primary endpoint was the time to the first analgesic request. Pain scores and adverse effects were also assessed up to 48 h postoperatively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Inclusion of dexamethasone 2.5, 5.0 and 7.5 mg resulted in significant (P < 0.001) increases in time to the first analgesic request by factors of 1.6, 2.2 and 1.8, respectively. The percentages of patients not requiring analgesics in the first 48 h postoperatively with dexamethasone 0.0, 2.5, 5.0 and 7.5 mg were 3, 22, 39 and 33%, respectively (P < 0.001). There were no significant effects on pain scores or incidences of adverse effects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Dexamethasone demonstrated significant beneficial dose-dependent effects on duration to the first analgesic request, the number of patients not requiring analgesics and analgesic use in the first 48 h after SISB for arthroscopic shoulder surgery. There were no significant effects on pain scores or incidences of adverse effects.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  the trial was registered with the Clinical Trial Registry of Korea: https://cris.nih.go.kr/cris/index.jsp. Identifier: KCT0001078.
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Jae Hee
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Woo
authors.forename: Youn Jin
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Dong Yeon
authors.initials: DY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Sooyoung
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cho
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000577:Amides / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000698:Analgesia / Q000379:methods; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001182:Arthroscopy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D003907:Dexamethasone / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009407:Nerve Block / Q000379:methods*; D000077212:Ropivacaine; D012782:Shoulder / Q000601:surgery*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000577:Amides; D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D000077212:Ropivacaine; D003907:Dexamethasone