title: Lactic acid as an invaluable green solvent for ultrasound-assisted scalable synthesis of pyrrole derivatives.
abstract: Lactic acid has been used as a bio-based green solvent to study the ultrasound-assisted scale-up synthesis. We report here, for the first time, on the novel and scalable process for synthesis of pyrrole derivatives in lactic acid solvent under ultrasonic radiation. Eighteen pyrrole derivatives have been synthesized in lactic acid solvent under ultrasonic radiation and characterized by (1)H NMR, IR, ESI MS. The results show, under ultrasonic radiation, lactic acid solvent can overcome the scale-up challenges and exhibited many advantages, such as bio-based origin, shorter reaction time, lower volatility, higher yields, and ease of isolating the products.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, School of Ocean, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, People's Republic of China. Electronic address: wangsf777@163.com.
authors.forename: Shi-Fan
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, School of Ocean, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Chao-Lun
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, School of Ocean, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Ke-Ke
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, School of Ocean, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yan-Ting
authors.initials: YT
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, School of Ocean, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jun-Xiong
authors.initials: JX
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, School of Ocean, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xin-Yue
authors.initials: XY
authors.lastname: Zou
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, School of Ocean, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yi-Hang
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D060326:Chemistry Techniques, Synthetic; D055772:Green Chemistry Technology / Q000379:methods*; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000737:chemistry*; D011758:Pyrroles / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry*; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry*; D000069453:Ultrasonic Waves
chemical_list: D011758:Pyrroles; D012997:Solvents; D019344:Lactic Acid
keywords: Bio-based solvent; Lactic acid; Pyrrole derivative; Scalable Knorr condensation; Ultrasonic radiation