title: The potential impact of animal protein intake on global and abdominal obesity: evidence from the Observation of Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Luxembourg (ORISCAV-LUX) study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the association of total animal protein intake and protein derived from different dietary sources (meat; fish and shellfish; eggs; milk products) with global and abdominal obesity among adults in Luxembourg.
  
  
  METHODS
  Binary logistic regression analysis was used to assess the relationship between animal protein intake (as a percentage of total energy intake) and global obesity (BMI ≥ 30.0 kg/m(2)) and abdominal obesity (waist circumference ≥ 102 cm for men and ≥ 88 cm for women), after controlling for potential confounders.
  
  
  METHODS
  Observation of Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Luxembourg (ORISCAV-LUX) study.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study population was derived from a national cross-sectional stratified sample of 1152 individuals aged 18-69 years, recruited between November 2007 and January 2009.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was an independent positive association between total animal protein intake and both global (OR = 1.18; 95% CI 1.12, 1.25) and abdominal obesity (OR = 1.14; 95% CI 1.08, 1.20) after adjustment for age, gender, education, smoking, physical activity and intakes of total fat, carbohydrate, fibre, and fruit and vegetables. Protein intakes from meat, fish and shellfish were positively associated with global and abdominal obesity with further adjustment for vegetal protein and other sources of animal-derived protein (all P < 0.01). Protein derived from eggs or milk products was unrelated to global or abdominal obesity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings suggest that protein derived from animal sources, in particular from meat, fish and shellfish, may be associated with increased risk of both global and abdominal obesity among presumably healthy adults in Luxembourg. These findings suggest that lower animal protein intakes may be important for maintenance of healthy body weight.
authors.affiliation: 1Centre de Recherche Public Santé,Centre d'Etudes en Santé,1 A rue Thomas Edison,L-1445 Strassen,Luxembourg.
authors.forename: Ala'a
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Alkerwi
authors.affiliation: 1Centre de Recherche Public Santé,Centre d'Etudes en Santé,1 A rue Thomas Edison,L-1445 Strassen,Luxembourg.
authors.forename: Nicolas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sauvageot
authors.affiliation: 2Nutritional Physiology Research Centre,University of South Australia,Adelaide,Australia.
authors.forename: Jonathan D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Buckley
authors.affiliation: 3Département des Sciences de la Santé Publique,Université de Liège,Liège,Belgium.
authors.forename: Anne-Françoise
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Donneau
authors.affiliation: 3Département des Sciences de la Santé Publique,Université de Liège,Liège,Belgium.
authors.forename: Adelin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Albert
authors.affiliation: 3Département des Sciences de la Santé Publique,Université de Liège,Liège,Belgium.
authors.forename: Michèle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Guillaume
authors.affiliation: 1Centre de Recherche Public Santé,Centre d'Etudes en Santé,1 A rue Thomas Edison,L-1445 Strassen,Luxembourg.
authors.forename: Georgina E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Crichton
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003611:Dairy Products; D004032:Diet / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004531:Eggs; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008189:Luxembourg; D008297:Male; D008460:Meat; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000209:etiology*; D056128:Obesity, Abdominal / Q000209:etiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D017747:Seafood; D055105:Waist Circumference
chemical_list: D004044:Dietary Proteins
keywords: Abdominal obesity; Animal protein intake; Cardiovascular risk factors; Cross-sectional study; Global obesity