title: Short Implants Placed with or without Grafting in Atrophic Sinuses: The 3-Year Results of a Prospective Randomized Controlled Study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The question whether a minimal maxillary residual bone height (RBH) allows the predictable use of osteotome sinus floor elevation (OSFE) remains unresolved.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the efficacy of short implants placed with OSFE in an RBH of ≤4 mm and to compare bone levels around implants placed with (control) or without (test) grafting after 3 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eight-millimeter implants were placed by OSFE in sinuses randomized to receive anorganic bovine bone or no grafting material. Healing time before prosthetic rehabilitation was 10 weeks. Peri-implant bone levels were measured on standardized periapical radiographs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty-seven implants (17 test, 20 control) were placed at a mean RBH of 2.4 ± 0.9 mm. Three implants failed during the 3-year follow-up. After 3 years, all implants had gained endosinus bone (test: 4.1 ± 1.0 mm; control: 5.1 ± 1.2 mm; p = .001). Mean bone gain was stable between 1 and 3 years in both groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Grafting is unnecessary to achieve bone augmentation of 4.1 mm; however, more bone is gained with grafting. Bone gained over 1 year was retained. Atrophic posterior maxillae can be predictably rehabilitated using OSFE and simultaneous placement of 8-mm implants.
authors.affiliation: Swiss Dental Clinics Group, Ardentis Clinique Dentaire, Vevey, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Rabah
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nedir
authors.affiliation: Swiss Dental Clinics Group, Ardentis Clinique Dentaire, Vevey, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Nathalie
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nurdin
authors.affiliation: Swiss Dental Clinics Group, Ardentis Clinique Dentaire, Vevey, Switzerland.|Department of Orofacial Rehabilitation, University Clinics of Dental Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Khoury
authors.affiliation: Swiss Dental Clinics Group, Ardentis Clinique Dentaire, Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bischof
mesh_terms: D016301:Alveolar Bone Loss / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D016025:Bone Transplantation; D003442:Crowns; D003758:Dental Implantation, Endosseous / Q000379:methods*; D015921:Dental Implants; D017267:Dental Prosthesis Design; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008903:Minerals / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011446:Prospective Studies; D059546:Sinus Floor Augmentation / Q000379:methods*; D013557:Switzerland; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: C077540:Bio-Oss; D015921:Dental Implants; D008903:Minerals
keywords: bone grafting; bone regeneration; crestal approach; no grafting; osteotome sinus floor elevation; posterior maxilla; sinus lift