title: Characterization of the human TCAM1P pseudogene and its activation by a potential dual promoter-enhancer: comparison with a protein-coding mouse orthologue.
abstract: TCAM1P is a unitary pseudogene, which was disabled since the human-mouse divergence. Here we found that TCAM1P was specifically expressed in the human testis, with different cell type-specificity from mouse Tcam1, and characterized its transcripts. At the mouse locus, a multifunctional dual promoter-enhancer (DPE) controls the expression of Tcam1 and Smarcd2 genes. The corresponding human sequence was found to potentially function as a DPE, although the molecular mechanism was different from mouse. Interestingly, the change in DPE activity occurred before pseudogenization of TCAM1P. These data suggest the presence of a DPE in the human genome for the first time, and provide an important model of evolutionary changes in the regulatory mechanism of a pseudogene.
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan.
authors.forename: Misuzu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kurihara
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan; Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan. Electronic address: akimura@sci.hokudai.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Atsushi P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Kimura
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D002868:Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone; D004742:Enhancer Elements, Genetic; D057809:HEK293 Cells; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009928:Organ Specificity; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D013737:Testis / Q000378:metabolism; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015533:Transcriptional Activation
chemical_list: D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; D002868:Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone; C491651:SMARCD2 protein, human; C485519:TCAM1P protein, human; D014157:Transcription Factors
keywords: Dual promoter–enhancer; Human; Long non-coding RNA; TCAM1P; Testis; Unitary pseudogene