title: Induced lung inflammation and dietary protein supply affect nitrogen retention and amino acid metabolism in growing pigs.
abstract: It is hypothesised that during immune system activation, there is a competition for amino acids (AA) between body protein deposition and immune system functioning. The aim of the present study was to quantify the effect of immune system activation on N retention and AA metabolism in growing pigs, depending on dietary protein supply. A total of sixteen barrows received an adequate (Ad) or restricted (Res) amount of dietary protein, and were challenged at day 0 with intravenous complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA). At days - 5, 3 and 8, an irreversible loss rate (ILR) of eight AA was determined. CFA successfully activated the immune system, as indicated by a 2- to 4-fold increase in serum concentrations of acute-phase proteins (APP). Pre-challenge C-reactive protein concentrations were lower (P< 0·05) and pre- and post-challenge albumin tended to be lower in Res-pigs. These findings indicate that a restricted protein supply can limit the acute-phase response. CFA increased urinary N losses (P= 0·04) and tended to reduce N retention in Ad-pigs, but not in Res-pigs (P= 0·07). The ILR for Val was lower (P= 0·05) at day 8 than at day 3 in the post-challenge period. The ILR of most AA, except for Trp, were strongly affected by dietary protein supply and positively correlated with N retention. The correlations between the ILR and APP indices were absent or negative, indicating that changes in AA utilisation for APP synthesis were either not substantial or more likely outweighed by a decrease in muscle protein synthesis during immune system activation in growing pigs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Nutrition,PO Box 338,6700AHWageningen,The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Esther
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kampman-van de Hoek
authors.affiliation: Animal Nutrition Group, Wageningen University,PO Box 338,6700AHWageningen,The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Panagiotis
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sakkas
authors.affiliation: Animal Nutrition Group, Wageningen University,PO Box 338,6700AHWageningen,The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Walter J J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Gerrits
authors.affiliation: Animal Nutrition Group, Wageningen University,PO Box 338,6700AHWageningen,The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Joost J G C
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: van den Borne
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Nutrition,PO Box 338,6700AHWageningen,The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Carola M C
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: van der Peet-Schwering
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Nutrition,PO Box 338,6700AHWageningen,The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Alfons J M
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Jansman
mesh_terms: D000209:Acute-Phase Proteins / Q000032:analysis / Q000276:immunology; D000596:Amino Acids / Q000378:metabolism*; D000824:Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena / Q000276:immunology; D000818:Animals; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis; D018753:Diet, Protein-Restricted / Q000009:adverse effects; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005620:Freund's Adjuvant / Q000276:immunology; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism*; D011014:Pneumonia / Q000276:immunology / Q000662:veterinary*; D034421:Sus scrofa / Q000254:growth & development / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D013552:Swine; D013553:Swine Diseases / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000209:Acute-Phase Proteins; D000596:Amino Acids; D004044:Dietary Proteins; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D005620:Freund's Adjuvant; D009584:Nitrogen
keywords: Growing pigs