title: Pneumocephalus after lumbar epidural steroid injection: a case report and review of the literature.
abstract: Pneumocephalus may occur after inadvertent injection of air into the subarachnoid space while performing epidural anesthesia using a loss-of-resistance technique with air in the syringe. We report a case of pneumocephalus after an interlaminar epidural steroid injection using the loss-of-resistance to air technique. In this report, we examine the etiology, the expected course of symptoms, and resolution, as well as treatment, of pneumocephalus following a systematic literature review.
authors.affiliation: From the *Department of Pain Medicine, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda; †Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore; ‡Department of Anesthesiology, Kaiser Permanente, Gaithersburg, Maryland; and §Department of Anesthesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida.
authors.forename: Aubrey V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Verdun
authors.forename: Steven P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.forename: Bryan S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: Robert W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Hurley