title: Multifunctional fibers for simultaneous optical, electrical and chemical interrogation of neural circuits in vivo.
abstract: Brain function depends on simultaneous electrical, chemical and mechanical signaling at the cellular level. This multiplicity has confounded efforts to simultaneously measure or modulate these diverse signals in vivo. Here we present fiber probes that allow for simultaneous optical stimulation, neural recording and drug delivery in behaving mice with high resolution. These fibers are fabricated from polymers by means of a thermal drawing process that allows for the integration of multiple materials and interrogation modalities into neural probes. Mechanical, electrical, optical and microfluidic measurements revealed high flexibility and functionality of the probes under bending deformation. Long-term in vivo recordings, optogenetic stimulation, drug perturbation and analysis of tissue response confirmed that our probes can form stable brain-machine interfaces for at least 2 months. We expect that our multifunctional fibers will permit more detailed manipulation and analysis of neural circuits deep in the brain of behaving animals than achievable before.
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
authors.forename: Andres
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Canales
authors.affiliation: Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
authors.forename: Xiaoting
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Jia
authors.affiliation: 1] Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA. [2] Simons Center for the Social Brain, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
authors.forename: Ulrich P
authors.initials: UP
authors.lastname: Froriep
authors.affiliation: Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
authors.forename: Ryan A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Koppes
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
authors.forename: Christina M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Tringides
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Selvidge
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
authors.forename: Chi
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
authors.forename: Chong
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hou
authors.affiliation: Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.affiliation: 1] Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA. [2] Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
authors.forename: Yoel
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fink
authors.affiliation: 1] Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA. [2] Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
authors.forename: Polina
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Anikeeva
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001812:Blood-Brain Barrier / Q000187:drug effects; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D004566:Electrodes; D055724:Electrophysiological Phenomena / Q000187:drug effects; D005549:Foreign-Body Reaction / Q000473:pathology; D020007:Implants, Experimental; D008297:Male; D008670:Metals / Q000494:pharmacology; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D009415:Nerve Net / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D055100:Optical Fibers; D062308:Optogenetics
chemical_list: D008670:Metals