title: Baicalein inhibits progression of gallbladder cancer cells by downregulating ZFX.
abstract: Baicalein, a widely used Chinese herbal medicine, has multiple pharmacological activities. However, the precise mechanisms of the anti-proliferation and anti-metastatic effects of baicalein on gallbladder cancer (GBC) remain poorly understood. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the anti-proliferation and anti-metastatic effects of baicalein and the related mechanism(s) on GBC. In the present study, we found that treatment with baicalein induced a significant inhibitory effect on proliferation and promoted apoptosis in GBC-SD and SGC996 cells, two widely used gallbladder cancer cell lines. Additionally, treatment with baicalein inhibited the metastasis of GBC cells. Moreover, we demonstrated for the first time that baicalein inhibited GBC cell growth and metastasis via down-regulation of the expression level of Zinc finger protein X-linked (ZFX). In conclusion, our studies suggest that baicalein may be a potential phytochemical flavonoid for therapeutics of GBC and ZFX may serve as a molecular marker or predictive target for GBC.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biliary Tract Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Laboratory of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, No.1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China.
authors.forename: Tian-Yu
authors.initials: TY
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biliary Tract Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Laboratory of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, No.1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Gong
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biliary Tract Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Laboratory of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, No.1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China.
authors.forename: Zhu-Jun
authors.initials: ZJ
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biliary Tract Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Laboratory of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, No.1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, No.1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China.
authors.forename: Xiang-Song
authors.initials: XS
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, No.1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China.
authors.forename: Hao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Weng
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, No.1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China.
authors.forename: Qian
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, No.1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China.
authors.forename: Yi-Jun
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Shu
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, No.1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China.
authors.forename: Run-Fa
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Bao
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, No.1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China.
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, No.1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China.
authors.forename: Xu-An
authors.initials: XA
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, No.1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China.
authors.forename: Fei
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, No.1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China.
authors.forename: Huai-Feng
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, No.1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China.
authors.forename: Shan-Shan
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Xiang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biliary Tract Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Laboratory of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, No.1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China.
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biliary Tract Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Laboratory of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, No.1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China.
authors.forename: Yun-Ping
authors.initials: YP
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, No.1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China.
authors.forename: Jia-Sheng
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Mu
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, No.1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China.
authors.forename: Mao-Lan
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, No.1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China.
authors.forename: Wen-Guang
authors.initials: WG
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 197 Ruijin Er Road, Shanghai 200025, China.
authors.forename: Bai-Yong
authors.initials: BY
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Jiangyin hospital of traditional Chinese medicine, Jiangyin, China.
authors.forename: Li-Xin
authors.initials: LX
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biliary Tract Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Laboratory of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, No.1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China.
authors.forename: Ying-Bin
authors.initials: YB
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D015536:Down-Regulation; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000494:pharmacology*; D044950:Flavanones / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005706:Gallbladder Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D051741:Kruppel-Like Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D008819:Mice, Nude; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis / Q000517:prevention & control; D023041:Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
chemical_list: D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; D044950:Flavanones; D051741:Kruppel-Like Transcription Factors; C062076:zinc finger protein, X-linked; C006680:baicalein