title: Three-dimensional activated graphene network-sulfonate-terminated polymer nanocomposite as a new electrode material for the sensitive determination of dopamine and heavy metal ions.
abstract: We report here that three-dimensional activated graphene networks (3DAGNs) are a better matrix to prepare graphene-polymer nanocomposites for sensitive electroanalysis than two-dimensional graphene nanosheets (2DGNs). 3DAGNs were synthesized in advance by the direct carbonization and simultaneous chemical activation of a cobalt ion-impregnated D113-type ion exchange resin, which showed an interconnected network structure and a large specific surface area. Then, the 3DAGN-sulfonate-terminated polymer (STP) nanocomposite was prepared via the in situ chemical co-polymerization of m-aminobenzene sulfonic acid and aniline in the presence of 3DAGNs. The 3DAGN-STP nanocomposite can adsorb dopamine (DA) and heavy metal ions, which was confirmed by quartz crystal microbalance studies. The 3DAGN-STP modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was used for the electrochemical detection of DA in the presence of ascorbic acid and uric acid, with a linear response range of 0.1-32 μM and a limit of detection of 10 nM. In addition, differential pulse voltammetry was used for the simultaneous determination of Cd(2+) and Pb(2+) at the 3DAGN-STP/GCE further modified with a bismuth film, exhibiting linear response ranges of 1-70 μg L(-1) for Cd(2+) and 1-80 μg L(-1) for Pb(2+) with limits of detection of 0.1 μg L(-1) for Cd(2+) and 0.2 μg L(-1) for Pb(2+). Because the 3DAGN-STP can integrate the advantages of 3DAGNs with STPs, the 3DAGN-STP/GCE was more sensitive than the bare GCE, 3DAGN/GCE, and 2DGN-STP/GCE for the determination of DA and heavy metal ions.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education of China), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China. tanyueming0813@126.com mingma@hunnu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Xiaoyan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.forename: Yijia
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Lu
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Wenfang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.forename: Yueming
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.forename: Ming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Qingji
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Xie
mesh_terms: D000476:Alkanesulfonates / Q000737:chemistry*; D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000032:analysis; D002104:Cadmium / Q000032:analysis*; D004298:Dopamine / Q000032:analysis*; D055664:Electrochemical Techniques / Q000379:methods; D004566:Electrodes; D006108:Graphite / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D007854:Lead / Q000032:analysis*; D053761:Nanocomposites / Q000737:chemistry*; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry*; D014527:Uric Acid / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D000476:Alkanesulfonates; D011108:Polymers; D002104:Cadmium; D014527:Uric Acid; D007854:Lead; D006108:Graphite; D001205:Ascorbic Acid; D004298:Dopamine