title: Association of a p53 codon 72 gene polymorphism with environmental factors and risk of lung cancer: a case control study in Mizoram and Manipur, a high incidence region in North East India.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A very high incidence of lung cancer is observed in Mizoram and Manipur, North East India. We conducted a population based case control study to establish associations of p53 codon 72 polymorphisms and interactions with environmental factors for this high incidence.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 272 lung cancer cases and 544 controls matched for age (±5 years), sex and ethnicity were collected and p53 codon 72 polymorphism genotypes were analyzed using a polymerase chain based restriction fragment length polymorphism assay. We used conditional multiple logistic regression analysis to calculate adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals after adjusting for confounding factors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  p53 Pro/Pro genotype was significantly associated with increased risk of lung cancer in the study population (adjusted OR=2.14, CI=1.35-3.38, p=0.001). Interactions of the p53 Pro/Pro genotype with exposure to wood smoke (adjusted OR=3.60, CI=1.85-6.98, p<0.001) and cooking oil fumes (adjusted OR=3.27, CI=1.55-6.87, p=0.002), betel quid chewing (adjusted OR=3.85, CI=1.96- 7.55, p<0.001), tobacco smoking (adjusted OR=4.42, CI=2.27-8.63, p<0.001) and alcohol consumption (adjusted OR=3.31, CI=1.10-10.03, p=0.034) were significant regarding the increased risk of lung cancer in the study population.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study provided preliminary evidence that a p53 codon 72 polymorphism may effect lung cancer risk in the study population, interacting synergistically with environmental factors.
authors.affiliation: Regional Medical Research Centre, N.E. Region (ICMR), Dibrugarh, Assam, India E-mail : phukanrk@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Bhaskar Jyoti
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Saikia
authors.forename: Mandakini
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Das
authors.forename: Santanu Kumar
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.forename: Gaganpreet Singh
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Sekhon
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Zomawia
authors.forename: Yanglem Mohen
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: Jagadish
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mahanta
authors.forename: Rup Kumar
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Phukan
mesh_terms: D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000009:adverse effects; D001114:Areca / Q000009:adverse effects; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003062:Codon / Q000235:genetics*; D004777:Environment; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D008297:Male; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*; D012150:Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; D011379:Prognosis; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D003062:Codon; C495901:TP53 protein, human; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53