title: Interdependence of tetrapyrrole metabolism, the generation of oxidative stress and the mitigative oxidative stress response.
abstract: Tetrapyrroles are involved in light harvesting and light perception, electron-transfer reactions, and as co-factors for key enzymes and sensory proteins. Under conditions in which cells exhibit stress-induced imbalances of photosynthetic reactions, or light absorption exceeds the ability of the cell to use photoexcitation energy in synthesis reactions, redox imbalance can occur in photosynthetic cells. Such conditions can lead to the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) associated with alterations in tetrapyrrole homeostasis. ROS accumulation can result in cellular damage and detrimental effects on organismal fitness, or ROS molecules can serve as signals to induce a protective or damage-mitigating oxidative stress signaling response in cells. Induced oxidative stress responses include tetrapyrrole-dependent and -independent mechanisms for mitigating ROS generation and/or accumulation. Thus, tetrapyrroles can be contributors to oxidative stress, but are also essential in the oxidative stress response to protect cells by contributing to detoxification of ROS. In this review, we highlight the interconnection and interdependence of tetrapyrrole metabolism with the occurrence of oxidative stress and protective oxidative stress signaling responses in photosynthetic organisms.
authors.affiliation: Department of Energy, Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, 612 Wilson Road, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
authors.forename: Andrea W U
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Busch
authors.affiliation: Department of Energy, Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, 612 Wilson Road, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, 612 Wilson Road, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA. Electronic address: montg133@msu.edu.
authors.forename: Beronda L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Montgomery
mesh_terms: D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D000458:Cyanobacteria / Q000378:metabolism / Q000528:radiation effects; D006418:Heme / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D007501:Iron / Q000378:metabolism; D008027:Light; D055537:Light Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D010788:Photosynthesis / Q000502:physiology*; D010834:Phytochrome / Q000378:metabolism; D010944:Plants / Q000378:metabolism / Q000528:radiation effects; D011524:Protoporphyrins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism*; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D045725:Tetrapyrroles / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D011524:Protoporphyrins; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D045725:Tetrapyrroles; D010834:Phytochrome; D006418:Heme; C028025:protoporphyrin IX; D007501:Iron; D002374:Catalase; D009195:Peroxidase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase
keywords: High light; Iron; Oxidative stress; Photosynthesis; ROS; Tetrapyrrole