title: An update of the role of renin angiotensin in cardiovascular homeostasis.
abstract: The renin angiotensin system (RAS) is thought to be the body's main vasoconstrictor system, with physiological effects mediated via the interaction of angiotensin II with angiotensin I receptors (the "classic" RAS model). However, since the discovery of the heptapeptide angiotensin 1-7 and the development of the concept of the "alternate" RAS system, with its ability to reduce arterial blood pressure, our understanding of this physiologic system has changed dramatically. In this review, we focus on the newly discovered functions of the RAS, particularly the potential clinical significance of these developments, especially in the realm of new pharmacologic interventions for treating cardiovascular disease.
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of *General Anesthesia and †Outcomes Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio; ‡Anesthesiology Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio; and §Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University/Department of General Anesthesia, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio.
authors.forename: Ehab
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Farag
authors.forename: Kamal
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Maheshwari
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Morgan
authors.forename: Wael Ali
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Sakr Esa
authors.forename: D John
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Doyle
mesh_terms: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D002320:Cardiovascular Physiological Phenomena / Q000187:drug effects; D006706:Homeostasis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D012084:Renin-Angiotensin System / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents