title: Paper-based electrochemiluminescence origami device for protein detection using assembled cascade DNA-carbon dots nanotags based on rolling circle amplification.
abstract: In this work, we developed a cascade signal amplification strategy for detection of IgG antigen by combining the rolling circle amplification (RCA) technique with oligonucleotide functionalized carbon dots (CDs), based on a paper-based electrochemiluminescence (ECL) origami device (PECLOD) for the first time. In this PECLOD, three-dimensional (3D) macroporous Au-paper electrode was fabricated and employed as the working electrode for specific and efficient antibodies capture. The RCA product containing tandem-repeat sequences could serve as an excellent template for periodic assembly of CDs, which presented per protein recognition event to numerous CDs tags for ECL readout. Under the optimal conditions, the proposed strategy showed remarkable amplification efficiency, very little nonspecific adsorption with good stability, reproducibility, and accuracy. Using human IgG (H-IgG) as a model protein, the designed strategy was successfully demonstrated for the ultrasensitive detection of protein target. The results revealed that the strategy exhibited a dynamic response to H-IgG range from 1.0 fM to 25 pM with a limit of detection as low as 0.15 fM. Importantly, the methodology can be further extended to the detection of other proteins or biomarkers.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Chemical Sensing & Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China.
authors.forename: Ludan
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Chemical Sensing & Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China.
authors.forename: Chao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Chemical Sensing & Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China.
authors.forename: Xiaoxiao
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Chemical Sensing & Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China.
authors.forename: Haiyun
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Chemical Sensing & Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China. Electronic address: ujn.yujh@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Jinghua
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yu
mesh_terms: D015374:Biosensing Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation*; D002244:Carbon / Q000737:chemistry*; D004247:DNA / Q000737:chemistry*; D055664:Electrochemical Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation*; D004566:Electrodes; D004867:Equipment Design; D006046:Gold / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood*; D057230:Limit of Detection; D021141:Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation; D009841:Oligonucleotides / Q000737:chemistry; D010209:Paper; D045663:Quantum Dots / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure
chemical_list: D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D009841:Oligonucleotides; D002244:Carbon; D006046:Gold; D004247:DNA
keywords: Carbon dots; Electrochemiluminescence; H-IgG; Lab-on-paper; Rolling circle amplification