title: Further spreading of canine oriental eyeworm in Europe: first report of Thelazia callipaeda in Romania.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Despite the increasing number of reports of autochthonous cases of ocular thelaziosis in dogs in several European countries, and the evident emergence of human cases, the distribution and spreading potential of this parasite is far for being fully known. In Romania, despite intensive surveillance performed over recent years on the typical hosts of T. callipaeda, the parasite has not been found until now.
  
  
  METHODS
  In October 2014 a German Shepherd was presented for consultation to a private veterinary practice from western Romania with a history of unilateral chronic conjunctivitis. Following a close examination of the affected eye, nematodes were noticed in the conjunctival sac. The specimens collected were used for morphological examination (light microscopy) and molecular analysis (amplification of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 gene, followed by sequencing).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirteen nematodes were collected, all identified morphologically as T. callipaeda. The history of the dog revealed no travel outside Romania, and during the last year, not even outside the home locality. The BLAST analysis of our sequence showed a 100% similarity T. callipaeda haplotype h1.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is the first report of T. callipaeda in Romania, which we consider to be with autochthonous transmission. These findings confirm the spreading trend of T callipaeda and the increased risk of emerging vector-borne zoonoses.
authors.affiliation: Department of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Calea Mănăștur 3-5, Cluj-Napoca, 400372, Romania. amihalca@usamvcluj.ro.
authors.forename: Andrei Daniel
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Mihalca
authors.affiliation: Department of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Calea Mănăștur 3-5, Cluj-Napoca, 400372, Romania. gianluca.damico@usamvcluj.ro.
authors.forename: Gianluca
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: D'Amico
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Calea Mănăștur 3-5, Cluj-Napoca, 400372, Romania. icscurtu@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Iuliu
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Scurtu
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Environmental Protection, University of Oradea, Strada General Magheru, Oradea, 410048, Romania. rpurge@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Ramona
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Chirilă
authors.affiliation: Department of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Calea Mănăștur 3-5, Cluj-Napoca, 400372, Romania. matei.ioana@usamvcluj.ro.
authors.forename: Ioana Adriana
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Matei
authors.affiliation: Department of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Calea Mănăștur 3-5, Cluj-Napoca, 400372, Romania. ionica.angela@usamvcluj.ro.
authors.forename: Angela Monica
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Ionică
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003231:Conjunctivitis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000469:parasitology / Q000662:veterinary*; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000469:parasitology*; D004285:Dogs; D005060:Europe; D008297:Male; D012383:Romania; D017205:Spirurida Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000469:parasitology / Q000662:veterinary*; D013802:Thelazioidea / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000502:physiology