title: The association between type and number of adverse working conditions and mental health during a time of economic crisis (2010-2012).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Many studies have been published on the association between adverse psychosocial working conditions and mental health, but only a few related types of adverse job conditions and a count of these adversities to workers' mental health, using standardized diagnostic interviews. This study addresses this issue.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were used from the second wave of the Netherlands Mental Health Survey and Incidence Study-2, a nationally representative face-to-face survey of the general population, including 3,672 workers, 166 unemployed and 239 disabled persons. Among workers, psychosocial working conditions (decision latitude, psychological job demands, job security and co-worker support) were assessed with the Job Content Questionnaire. Mental health symptoms were assessed with the Mental Health Inventory (MHI)-5 and DSM-IV diagnoses/syndromes with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview 3.0.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Adverse psychosocial job conditions were related to workers' mental health. The strongest association was found for low job security which increased the chance of mental health symptoms and mental disorders by twofold. Workers in the poorest quality jobs, i.e. experiencing at least three adverse working conditions, had a 3 to almost 5 times higher chance of mental disorders than those in the most optimal jobs. Having a poor quality job was not associated with better mental health compared to being unemployed or disabled. In general, similar relations were found for mood, anxiety and substance use disorders.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In planning future strategies to prevent mental disorders at the workplace, the focus should be on workers who experience job insecurity and on those who report several adversities.
authors.affiliation: Netherlands Institute of Mental Health and Addiction, Da Costakade 45, 3521 VS, Utrecht, The Netherlands, mhave@trimbos.nl.
authors.forename: Margreet
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: ten Have
authors.forename: Saskia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: van Dorsselaer
authors.forename: Ron
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: de Graaf
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D039721:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; D006233:Persons with Disabilities / Q000523:psychology; D057172:Economic Recession; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D008603:Mental Health; D008875:Middle Aged; D009426:Netherlands / Q000453:epidemiology; D012931:Social Environment; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014478:Unemployment / Q000523:psychology*; D017132:Workplace / Q000523:psychology*; D055815:Young Adult