title: XA23 is an executor R protein and confers broad-spectrum disease resistance in rice.
abstract: The majority of plant disease resistance (R) genes encode proteins that share common structural features. However, the transcription activator-like effector (TALE)-associated executor type R genes show no considerable sequence homology to any known R genes. We adopted a map-based cloning approach and TALE-based technology to isolate and characterize Xa23, a new executor R gene derived from wild rice (Oryza rufipogon) that confers an extremely broad spectrum of resistance to bacterial blight caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo). Xa23 encodes a 113 amino acid protein that shares 50% identity with the known executor R protein XA10. The predicted transmembrane helices in XA23 also overlap with those of XA10. Unlike Xa10, however, Xa23 transcription is specifically activated by AvrXa23, a TALE present in all examined Xoo field isolates. Moreover, the susceptible xa23 allele has an identical open reading frame of Xa23 but differs in promoter region by lacking the TALE binding element (EBE) for AvrXa23. XA23 can trigger a strong hypersensitive response in rice, tobacco, and tomato. Our results provide the first evidence that plant genomes have an executor R gene family of which members execute their function and spectrum of disease resistance by recognizing the cognate TALEs in the pathogen.
authors.affiliation: National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement (NFCRI), Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100081, China.
authors.forename: Chunlian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement (NFCRI), Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100081, China.
authors.forename: Xiaoping
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement (NFCRI), Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100081, China.
authors.forename: Yinglun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.affiliation: National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement (NFCRI), Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100081, China.
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
authors.forename: Qinlong
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement (NFCRI), Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100081, China.
authors.forename: Chongke
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.affiliation: National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement (NFCRI), Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100081, China.
authors.forename: Tengfei
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Qin
authors.affiliation: National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement (NFCRI), Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100081, China.
authors.forename: Yanqiang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement (NFCRI), Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100081, China.
authors.forename: Jinying
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Che
authors.affiliation: National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement (NFCRI), Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100081, China.
authors.forename: Mingwei
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA.
authors.forename: Bing
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
authors.forename: Yaoguang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement (NFCRI), Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100081, China. Electronic address: zhaokaijun@caas.cn.
authors.forename: Kaijun
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Zhao
mesh_terms: D060467:Disease Resistance; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D012275:Oryza / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000382:microbiology*; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000382:microbiology; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D014974:Xanthomonas / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D010940:Plant Proteins
keywords: AvrXa23; TAL effector; Xa23; Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae; executor R gene; rice