title: Ramularia collo-cygni--An Emerging Pathogen of Barley Crops.
abstract: Ramularia collo-cygni is the biotic factor responsible for the disease Ramularia leaf spot (RLS) of barley (Hordeum vulgare). Despite having been described over 100 years ago and being considered a minor disease in some countries, the fungus is attracting interest in the scientific community as a result of the increasing number of recorded economically damaging disease epidemics. New reports of disease spread and fungal identification using molecular diagnostics have helped redefine RLS as a global disease. This review describes recent developments in our understanding of the biology and epidemiology of the fungus, outlines advances made in the field of the genetics of both the fungus and host, and summarizes the control strategies currently available.
authors.affiliation: First, seventh, ninth, and eleventh authors: Crop and Soil Systems Research Group, Scotland's Rural College, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK; second author: John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK; third author: Patología Vegetal, FCA (UNMdP), Unidad Integrada Balcarce, Ruta 226 Km 76,3, 7620, Balcarce, Buenos Aires, Argentina; fourth author: Agroscope, Institute of Plant Production Sciences, Nyon, Switzerland; fifth and sixth authors: Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland; eighth author: Agrotest fyto, Ltd., Kromeriz, Czech Republic; tenth author: INIA-National Institute for Agricultural Research, La Estanzuela, Ruta 50 km 11, 70000, Colonia, Uruguay; twelfth and fourteenth authors: Phytopathology, TUM School of Life Sciences, Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Germany; thirteenth author: Population Genetics, TUM School of Life Sciences, Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Germany.
authors.forename: Neil D
authors.initials: ND
authors.lastname: Havis
authors.affiliation: First, seventh, ninth, and eleventh authors: Crop and Soil Systems Research Group, Scotland's Rural College, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK; second author: John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK; third author: Patología Vegetal, FCA (UNMdP), Unidad Integrada Balcarce, Ruta 226 Km 76,3, 7620, Balcarce, Buenos Aires, Argentina; fourth author: Agroscope, Institute of Plant Production Sciences, Nyon, Switzerland; fifth and sixth authors: Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland; eighth author: Agrotest fyto, Ltd., Kromeriz, Czech Republic; tenth author: INIA-National Institute for Agricultural Research, La Estanzuela, Ruta 50 km 11, 70000, Colonia, Uruguay; twelfth and fourteenth authors: Phytopathology, TUM School of Life Sciences, Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Germany; thirteenth author: Population Genetics, TUM School of Life Sciences, Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Germany.
authors.forename: James K M
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.affiliation: First, seventh, ninth, and eleventh authors: Crop and Soil Systems Research Group, Scotland's Rural College, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK; second author: John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK; third author: Patología Vegetal, FCA (UNMdP), Unidad Integrada Balcarce, Ruta 226 Km 76,3, 7620, Balcarce, Buenos Aires, Argentina; fourth author: Agroscope, Institute of Plant Production Sciences, Nyon, Switzerland; fifth and sixth authors: Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland; eighth author: Agrotest fyto, Ltd., Kromeriz, Czech Republic; tenth author: INIA-National Institute for Agricultural Research, La Estanzuela, Ruta 50 km 11, 70000, Colonia, Uruguay; twelfth and fourteenth authors: Phytopathology, TUM School of Life Sciences, Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Germany; thirteenth author: Population Genetics, TUM School of Life Sciences, Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Germany.
authors.forename: Gladys
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Clemente
authors.affiliation: First, seventh, ninth, and eleventh authors: Crop and Soil Systems Research Group, Scotland's Rural College, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK; second author: John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK; third author: Patología Vegetal, FCA (UNMdP), Unidad Integrada Balcarce, Ruta 226 Km 76,3, 7620, Balcarce, Buenos Aires, Argentina; fourth author: Agroscope, Institute of Plant Production Sciences, Nyon, Switzerland; fifth and sixth authors: Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland; eighth author: Agrotest fyto, Ltd., Kromeriz, Czech Republic; tenth author: INIA-National Institute for Agricultural Research, La Estanzuela, Ruta 50 km 11, 70000, Colonia, Uruguay; twelfth and fourteenth authors: Phytopathology, TUM School of Life Sciences, Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Germany; thirteenth author: Population Genetics, TUM School of Life Sciences, Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Germany.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Frei
authors.affiliation: First, seventh, ninth, and eleventh authors: Crop and Soil Systems Research Group, Scotland's Rural College, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK; second author: John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK; third author: Patología Vegetal, FCA (UNMdP), Unidad Integrada Balcarce, Ruta 226 Km 76,3, 7620, Balcarce, Buenos Aires, Argentina; fourth author: Agroscope, Institute of Plant Production Sciences, Nyon, Switzerland; fifth and sixth authors: Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland; eighth author: Agrotest fyto, Ltd., Kromeriz, Czech Republic; tenth author: INIA-National Institute for Agricultural Research, La Estanzuela, Ruta 50 km 11, 70000, Colonia, Uruguay; twelfth and fourteenth authors: Phytopathology, TUM School of Life Sciences, Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Germany; thirteenth author: Population Genetics, TUM School of Life Sciences, Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Germany.
authors.forename: Malgorzata
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jedryczka
authors.affiliation: First, seventh, ninth, and eleventh authors: Crop and Soil Systems Research Group, Scotland's Rural College, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK; second author: John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK; third author: Patología Vegetal, FCA (UNMdP), Unidad Integrada Balcarce, Ruta 226 Km 76,3, 7620, Balcarce, Buenos Aires, Argentina; fourth author: Agroscope, Institute of Plant Production Sciences, Nyon, Switzerland; fifth and sixth authors: Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland; eighth author: Agrotest fyto, Ltd., Kromeriz, Czech Republic; tenth author: INIA-National Institute for Agricultural Research, La Estanzuela, Ruta 50 km 11, 70000, Colonia, Uruguay; twelfth and fourteenth authors: Phytopathology, TUM School of Life Sciences, Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Germany; thirteenth author: Population Genetics, TUM School of Life Sciences, Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Germany.
authors.forename: Joanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kaczmarek
authors.affiliation: First, seventh, ninth, and eleventh authors: Crop and Soil Systems Research Group, Scotland's Rural College, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK; second author: John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK; third author: Patología Vegetal, FCA (UNMdP), Unidad Integrada Balcarce, Ruta 226 Km 76,3, 7620, Balcarce, Buenos Aires, Argentina; fourth author: Agroscope, Institute of Plant Production Sciences, Nyon, Switzerland; fifth and sixth authors: Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland; eighth author: Agrotest fyto, Ltd., Kromeriz, Czech Republic; tenth author: INIA-National Institute for Agricultural Research, La Estanzuela, Ruta 50 km 11, 70000, Colonia, Uruguay; twelfth and fourteenth authors: Phytopathology, TUM School of Life Sciences, Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Germany; thirteenth author: Population Genetics, TUM School of Life Sciences, Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Germany.
authors.forename: Maciej
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kaczmarek
authors.affiliation: First, seventh, ninth, and eleventh authors: Crop and Soil Systems Research Group, Scotland's Rural College, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK; second author: John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK; third author: Patología Vegetal, FCA (UNMdP), Unidad Integrada Balcarce, Ruta 226 Km 76,3, 7620, Balcarce, Buenos Aires, Argentina; fourth author: Agroscope, Institute of Plant Production Sciences, Nyon, Switzerland; fifth and sixth authors: Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland; eighth author: Agrotest fyto, Ltd., Kromeriz, Czech Republic; tenth author: INIA-National Institute for Agricultural Research, La Estanzuela, Ruta 50 km 11, 70000, Colonia, Uruguay; twelfth and fourteenth authors: Phytopathology, TUM School of Life Sciences, Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Germany; thirteenth author: Population Genetics, TUM School of Life Sciences, Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Germany.
authors.forename: Pavel
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Matusinsky
authors.affiliation: First, seventh, ninth, and eleventh authors: Crop and Soil Systems Research Group, Scotland's Rural College, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK; second author: John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK; third author: Patología Vegetal, FCA (UNMdP), Unidad Integrada Balcarce, Ruta 226 Km 76,3, 7620, Balcarce, Buenos Aires, Argentina; fourth author: Agroscope, Institute of Plant Production Sciences, Nyon, Switzerland; fifth and sixth authors: Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland; eighth author: Agrotest fyto, Ltd., Kromeriz, Czech Republic; tenth author: INIA-National Institute for Agricultural Research, La Estanzuela, Ruta 50 km 11, 70000, Colonia, Uruguay; twelfth and fourteenth authors: Phytopathology, TUM School of Life Sciences, Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Germany; thirteenth author: Population Genetics, TUM School of Life Sciences, Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Germany.
authors.forename: Graham R D
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: McGrann
authors.affiliation: First, seventh, ninth, and eleventh authors: Crop and Soil Systems Research Group, Scotland's Rural College, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK; second author: John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK; third author: Patología Vegetal, FCA (UNMdP), Unidad Integrada Balcarce, Ruta 226 Km 76,3, 7620, Balcarce, Buenos Aires, Argentina; fourth author: Agroscope, Institute of Plant Production Sciences, Nyon, Switzerland; fifth and sixth authors: Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland; eighth author: Agrotest fyto, Ltd., Kromeriz, Czech Republic; tenth author: INIA-National Institute for Agricultural Research, La Estanzuela, Ruta 50 km 11, 70000, Colonia, Uruguay; twelfth and fourteenth authors: Phytopathology, TUM School of Life Sciences, Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Germany; thirteenth author: Population Genetics, TUM School of Life Sciences, Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Germany.
authors.forename: Sylvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pereyra
authors.affiliation: First, seventh, ninth, and eleventh authors: Crop and Soil Systems Research Group, Scotland's Rural College, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK; second author: John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK; third author: Patología Vegetal, FCA (UNMdP), Unidad Integrada Balcarce, Ruta 226 Km 76,3, 7620, Balcarce, Buenos Aires, Argentina; fourth author: Agroscope, Institute of Plant Production Sciences, Nyon, Switzerland; fifth and sixth authors: Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland; eighth author: Agrotest fyto, Ltd., Kromeriz, Czech Republic; tenth author: INIA-National Institute for Agricultural Research, La Estanzuela, Ruta 50 km 11, 70000, Colonia, Uruguay; twelfth and fourteenth authors: Phytopathology, TUM School of Life Sciences, Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Germany; thirteenth author: Population Genetics, TUM School of Life Sciences, Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Germany.
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Piotrowska
authors.affiliation: First, seventh, ninth, and eleventh authors: Crop and Soil Systems Research Group, Scotland's Rural College, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK; second author: John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK; third author: Patología Vegetal, FCA (UNMdP), Unidad Integrada Balcarce, Ruta 226 Km 76,3, 7620, Balcarce, Buenos Aires, Argentina; fourth author: Agroscope, Institute of Plant Production Sciences, Nyon, Switzerland; fifth and sixth authors: Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland; eighth author: Agrotest fyto, Ltd., Kromeriz, Czech Republic; tenth author: INIA-National Institute for Agricultural Research, La Estanzuela, Ruta 50 km 11, 70000, Colonia, Uruguay; twelfth and fourteenth authors: Phytopathology, TUM School of Life Sciences, Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Germany; thirteenth author: Population Genetics, TUM School of Life Sciences, Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Germany.
authors.forename: Hind
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sghyer
authors.affiliation: First, seventh, ninth, and eleventh authors: Crop and Soil Systems Research Group, Scotland's Rural College, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK; second author: John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK; third author: Patología Vegetal, FCA (UNMdP), Unidad Integrada Balcarce, Ruta 226 Km 76,3, 7620, Balcarce, Buenos Aires, Argentina; fourth author: Agroscope, Institute of Plant Production Sciences, Nyon, Switzerland; fifth and sixth authors: Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland; eighth author: Agrotest fyto, Ltd., Kromeriz, Czech Republic; tenth author: INIA-National Institute for Agricultural Research, La Estanzuela, Ruta 50 km 11, 70000, Colonia, Uruguay; twelfth and fourteenth authors: Phytopathology, TUM School of Life Sciences, Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Germany; thirteenth author: Population Genetics, TUM School of Life Sciences, Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Germany.
authors.forename: Aurelien
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tellier
authors.affiliation: First, seventh, ninth, and eleventh authors: Crop and Soil Systems Research Group, Scotland's Rural College, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK; second author: John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK; third author: Patología Vegetal, FCA (UNMdP), Unidad Integrada Balcarce, Ruta 226 Km 76,3, 7620, Balcarce, Buenos Aires, Argentina; fourth author: Agroscope, Institute of Plant Production Sciences, Nyon, Switzerland; fifth and sixth authors: Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland; eighth author: Agrotest fyto, Ltd., Kromeriz, Czech Republic; tenth author: INIA-National Institute for Agricultural Research, La Estanzuela, Ruta 50 km 11, 70000, Colonia, Uruguay; twelfth and fourteenth authors: Phytopathology, TUM School of Life Sciences, Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Germany; thirteenth author: Population Genetics, TUM School of Life Sciences, Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Germany.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hess
mesh_terms: D001203:Ascomycota / Q000502:physiology*; D001467:Hordeum / Q000235:genetics / Q000382:microbiology*; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions; D010571:Pest Control; D010935:Plant Diseases