title: Anti-inflammatory Effects of Flavonoids on TNBS-induced Colitis of Rats.
abstract: It has been shown that the extracts including eupatilin and quercetin-3-β-D-glucuronopyranoside had mucoprotective effects on the esophagus and stomach through their antioxidant activities. This study was designed to investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of these flavonoid compounds in an animal model of inflammatory bowel disease induced by 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid. Experimental colitis was induced by intracolonic administration of 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid. Extracts including eupatilin or quercetin-3-β-D-glucuronopyranoside were orally administered to animals 48, 24, and 1 h prior to the induction of colitis and then again 24 h later. The animals were sacrificed 48 h after by 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid treatment and the macroscopic appearance of the colonic lesions was scored in a blinded manner on a scale of 1 to 10. The inflammatory response to colitis induction was assessed by measuring myeloperoxidase activity, nitric oxide production, tumor necrosis factor-α expression, total glutathione levels, and malondialdehyde concentrations in the colon. The results indicated that extracts including eupatilin and extracts including quercetin-3-β-D-glucuronopyranoside dose-dependently improved the morphology of the lesions induced by 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid and reduced the ulcer index accordingly. In addition, rats receiving extracts including eupatilin and extracts including quercetin-3-β-D-glucuronopyranoside showed significantly decreased levels of mucosal myeloperoxidase activity, nitric oxide production, tumor necrosis factor-α expression, and malondialdehyde levels, and increased total glutathione levels. Extracts including eupatilin and extracts including quercetin-3-β-D-glucuronopyranoside ameliorated the inflammatory response and colonic injury in acute colitis by decreasing oxidative stress and neutrophil activation. Extracts including eupatilin and extracts including quercetin-3-β-D-glucuronopyranoside may inhibit acute colitis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-756, Korea.
authors.forename: Minjae
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Joo
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-756, Korea.
authors.forename: Han Sang
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-756, Korea.
authors.forename: Tae Hoon
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-756, Korea.
authors.forename: Alisha
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Palikhe
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-756, Korea.
authors.forename: Tin Sandar
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Zaw
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-756, Korea.
authors.forename: Ji Hoon
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Jeong
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-756, Korea.
authors.forename: Uy Dong
authors.initials: UD
authors.lastname: Sohn
keywords: Colitis; Flavonoids; Inflammation; Quercetin; Reactive oxygen species