title: Left crossed fused renal ectopia L-shaped kidney type, with double nutcracker syndrome (anterior and posterior).
abstract: Crossed fused renal ectopia (CFRE) is the second most common fusion anomalies (FAs) of the kidneys after horseshoe kidney. Crossed fused renal ectopia (CFRE) results from one kidney crossing over to the opposite side and subsequent fusion of the parenchyma of the two kidneys. We report, by multidetector-row computed tomography (MDCT) angiography, an extremely rare case of a left CFRE (L-shaped kidney type), consisting of multiple renal arteries (one main renal artery for the upper renal parenchyma, and three renal arteries (one main and two additional) for the lower renal parenchyma) and two left renal veins, which produced a double nutcracker syndrome (both anterior and posterior). The L-shaped left kidney has a maximum length of 18.5 cm, a maximum width of 10.2 cm, and a maximum thickness of 5.3 cm. The upper pole of the kidney is located at the level of the lower third of T12 vertebral body (4.6 cm left to the mediosagittal plan); the lower pole is located along the lower half of the L5 vertebral body (1.5 cm left to the mediosagittal plan). The following case will focus on the relevant anatomy, embryology, and the clinical significance of this entity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania; gratianmiclaus@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Gheorghe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pupca
authors.forename: Graţian Dragoslav
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Miclăuş
authors.forename: Viorel
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Bucuraş
authors.forename: Nicoleta
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Iacob
authors.forename: Ioan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Sas
authors.forename: Petru
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Matusz
authors.forename: R Shane
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Tubbs
authors.forename: Marios
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Loukas
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D007668:Kidney / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008297:Male; D059228:Renal Nutcracker Syndrome / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed