title: Propofol up-regulates expression of ABCA1, ABCG1, and SR-B1 through the PPARγ/LXRα signaling pathway in THP-1 macrophage-derived foam cells.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1), ATP-binding cassette transporter G1 (ABCG1), and scavenger receptor-B1 (SR-B1) promote cholesterol efflux from cells to lipid-poor apolipoprotein A-I and play an important role in the development of atherosclerosis. Liver X receptor (LXRα) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARγ) operate as cholesterol sensors, which may protect from cholesterol overload by stimulating cholesterol efflux from cells to high-density lipoprotein through ABCA1, ABCG1, and SR-B1. Propofol administration is associated with cardiovascular protective effects, including anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Here, we examined the effect of propofol on ABCA1, ABCG1, and SR-B1 expression and explored whether PPARγ and LXRα were involved in the regulation of propofol-induced ABCA1, ABCG1, and SR-B1 expression in THP-1 macrophage-derived foam cells.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Propofol significantly increased expression levels of ABCA1, ABCG1, and SR-B1 in a time-dependent manner. Cellular cholesterol content was decreased while cholesterol efflux was increased by propofol treatment. Moreover, PPARγ and LXRα were up-regulated by propofol treatment. In addition, the up-regulated expression of ABCA1, ABCG1, and SR-B1 by propofol was significantly abolished by both PPARγ siRNA and LXRα siRNA in THP-1 macrophage-derived foam cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results provide evidence that propofol up-regulates expression of ABCA1, ABCG1, and SR-B1 through the PPARγ/LXRα pathway in THP-1 macrophage-derived foam cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China.
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Laboratory Medicine Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China.
authors.forename: Shu-Fen
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China.
authors.forename: Zai-Sheng
authors.initials: ZS
authors.lastname: Qin
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China.
authors.forename: Zhen-Long
authors.initials: ZL
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China.
authors.forename: Hai-Hong
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China.
authors.forename: Zhi-Wen
authors.initials: ZW
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China.
authors.forename: Miao-Ning
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.affiliation: Laboratory Medicine Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China. Electronic address: ywhu0618@163.com.
authors.forename: Yan-Wei
authors.initials: YW
authors.lastname: Hu
mesh_terms: D064286:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter 1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D000070998:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 1; D018528:ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D000924:Anticholesteremic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002460:Cell Line; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000378:metabolism; D005487:Foam Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D000071518:Liver X Receptors; D057093:Orphan Nuclear Receptors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D047495:PPAR gamma / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015742:Propofol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D034622:RNA Interference; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D051122:Scavenger Receptors, Class B / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects*; D013997:Time Factors; D014162:Transfection; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: C577836:ABCA1 protein, human; C419353:ABCG1 protein, human; D064286:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter 1; D000070998:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 1; D018528:ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters; D000924:Anticholesteremic Agents; D000071518:Liver X Receptors; C000605213:NR1H3 protein, human; D057093:Orphan Nuclear Receptors; D047495:PPAR gamma; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C495124:SCARB1 protein, human; D051122:Scavenger Receptors, Class B; D002784:Cholesterol; D015742:Propofol
keywords: ABCA1; Cholesterol efflux; Macrophage; PPARγ/LXRα signaling pathway; Propofol