title: Pattern of inflammatory response to Loxosceles intermedia venom in distinct mouse strains: a key element to understand skin lesions and dermonecrosis by poisoning.
abstract: Envenomation caused by spiders Loxosceles induce intense dermonecrosis at the bite site and systemic disease. In this work we described the hyaluronidase and collagenase activities in vitro of the Loxosceles intermedia venom, but no phospholipase A2 activity. In vivo, we evaluated the effect of L. intermedia venom used different strain of mice, C57BL/6, BALB/c and Swiss. All mice developed paw edema after venom injection, persistent for 24 h in BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice. Histopathological analysis of the skin after venom injection revealed vascular congestion in Swiss mice and an inflammatory reaction in BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice. The mobilization of inflammatory cells from bone marrow, spleen and blood was investigated. Typical innate immune response with mobilization of myeloid cells and cytotoxic CD8 T lymphocytes was observed in C57BL/6 mice. In contrast, typical acquired/humoral immune response was observed in BALB/c mice, with preferential involvement of conventional B lymphocytes and CD4 T helper cells. The skin inflammation associated to mobilization of inflammatory cells indicated that mice models are strongly recommended to investigate specific cell types involved with immune response to the envenomation and mechanisms to inhibit skin lesions.
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Aplicadas a Produtos para Saúde, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil. Electronic address: marafernandesribeiro@gmail.com.
authors.forename: M F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Ribeiro
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: F L
authors.initials: FL
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.affiliation: Programa de Farmacologia e Química Medicinal, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Monteiro-Machado
authors.affiliation: Instituto Vital Brazil, Niterói, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: P F
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Cardoso
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Farmácia e Administração Farmacêutica, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: V V C
authors.initials: VV
authors.lastname: Guilarducci-Ferraz
authors.affiliation: Programa de Farmacologia e Química Medicinal, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Melo
authors.affiliation: Instituto Vital Brazil, Niterói, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: C M V
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Souza
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Aplicadas a Produtos para Saúde, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Calil-Elias
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D018414:CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D017364:Collagenases / Q000378:metabolism; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006821:Hyaluronoglucosaminidase / Q000378:metabolism; D007249:Inflammation / Q000473:pathology*; D051379:Mice; D008817:Mice, Mutant Strains; D009336:Necrosis / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000473:pathology*; D010740:Phospholipases / Q000378:metabolism; D010727:Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases / Q000276:immunology / Q000633:toxicity*; D012867:Skin / Q000473:pathology*; D013045:Species Specificity; D013108:Sphingomyelin Phosphodiesterase / Q000378:metabolism; D013111:Spider Venoms / Q000276:immunology / Q000633:toxicity*; D013112:Spiders / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D013111:Spider Venoms; C055161:loxosceles venom; D010740:Phospholipases; D010727:Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases; D013108:Sphingomyelin Phosphodiesterase; D006821:Hyaluronoglucosaminidase; D017364:Collagenases
keywords: Inflammatory response; Loxosceles intermedia; Skin; Venom