title: Balance ability and proprioception after single-bundle, single-bundle augmentation, and double-bundle ACL reconstruction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The present study sought to determine the influences of single-bundle (SB), single-bundle augmentation (SBA), and double-bundle (DB) reconstructions on balance ability and proprioceptive function.
  
  
  METHODS
  67 patients who underwent a single- or double-bundle ACL reconstruction or a SBA using multistranded autologous hamstring tendons were included in this study with a 1-year follow-up. Body sway and knee kinesthesia (using the threshold to detect passive motion test (TTDPM)) were measured to indicate balance ability and proprioceptive function, respectively. Additionally, within-subject differences in anterior-posterior stability of the tibia and lower extremity muscle strength were evaluated before and after surgery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At 6 and 12 months after surgery, DB reconstruction resulted in better balance and proprioceptive function than SB reconstruction (P < 0.05). Although no significant difference was observed in balance ability or proprioceptive function between the SBA and DB reconstructions, knee stability was significantly better with SBA and DB reconstructions than SB reconstruction (P < 0.05). No significant differences were found in quadriceps and hamstrings strength among the three reconstruction techniques.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings consider that joint stability, proprioceptive function, and balance ability were superior with SBA and DB reconstructions compared to SB reconstruction at 6 and 12 months after surgery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Musculoskeletal Functional Research and Regeneration, Graduate School of Biomedicine and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan.
authors.forename: Yubao
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Department of Musculoskeletal Functional Research and Regeneration, Graduate School of Biomedicine and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan.
authors.forename: Masataka
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-0787-7978
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Deie
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan.
authors.forename: Daisuke
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Iwaki
authors.affiliation: Department of Musculoskeletal Functional Research and Regeneration, Graduate School of Biomedicine and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan.
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Asaeda
authors.affiliation: Department of Musculoskeletal Functional Research and Regeneration, Graduate School of Biomedicine and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan.
authors.forename: Naoto
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-9416-3502
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Fujita
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan.
authors.forename: Nobuo
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Adachi
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan.
authors.forename: Mitsuo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ochi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016118:Anterior Cruciate Ligament / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D059549:Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007593:Joint Instability / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D007699:Kinesthesis; D007719:Knee Joint / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D016896:Treatment Outcome