title: Integrated synthesis of zeolites 4A and Na-P1 using coal fly ash for application in the formulation of detergents and swine wastewater treatment.
abstract: Several researchers have reported zeolite synthesis using coal ash for a wide range of applications. However, little attention has been given to green processes, including moderate synthesis conditions, using waste as raw material and effluent reuse or reduction. In this study, Brazilian coal fly ashes were used for integrated synthesis of zeolites 4A and Na-P1 by two different routes and under moderate operating conditions (temperature and pressure). Both procedures produced zeolites with similar conversions (zeolite 4A at 82% purity and zeolite Na-P1 at 57-61%) and high CEC values (zeolites 4A: 4.5meqCa(2+)g(-1) and zeolites Na-P1: 2.6-2.8meqNH4(+)g(-1)). However, process 1 generated less effluent for the zeolite mass produced (7mLg(-1)), with low residual Si and Al levels and 74% of the Si available in the coal fly ash incorporated into the zeolite, while only 55% is used in process 2. For use as a builder in detergents, synthetic zeolite 4A exhibited conformity parameters equal to or greater than those of the commercial zeolite adopted as reference. Treatment of swine wastewater with zeolite Na-P1 resulted in a high removal capacity for total ammoniacal nitrogen (31mgg(-1)).
authors.affiliation: Post-Graduation Program in Engineering and Technology Materials, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga 6681, Prédio 30, 90619-900 Porto Alegre-RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ariela M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Cardoso
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Chemistry, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga 6681, Prédio 12B, 90619-900 Porto Alegre-RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Martha B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Horn
authors.affiliation: Fundação de Ciência e Tecnologia (CIENTEC), Rua Washington Luiz, 675, 90010-460 Porto Alegre-RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Lizete S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Ferret
authors.affiliation: Post-Graduation Program in Engineering and Technology Materials, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga 6681, Prédio 30, 90619-900 Porto Alegre-RS, Brazil; Faculty of Chemistry, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga 6681, Prédio 12B, 90619-900 Porto Alegre-RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Carla M N
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Azevedo
authors.affiliation: Post-Graduation Program in Engineering and Technology Materials, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga 6681, Prédio 30, 90619-900 Porto Alegre-RS, Brazil; Faculty of Chemistry, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga 6681, Prédio 12B, 90619-900 Porto Alegre-RS, Brazil. Electronic address: mpires@pucrs.br.
authors.forename: Marçal
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pires
mesh_terms: D064751:Ammonium Compounds / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D000818:Animals; D060729:Coal Ash / Q000737:chemistry*; D003902:Detergents / Q000138:chemical synthesis*; D055772:Green Chemistry Technology; D013552:Swine; D018508:Water Purification; D017641:Zeolites / Q000138:chemical synthesis*
chemical_list: D064751:Ammonium Compounds; D060729:Coal Ash; D003902:Detergents; D017641:Zeolites
keywords: Coal fly ash; Detergents; Integrated synthesis; Swine wastewater; Zeolites