title: Tributyltin chloride (TBTCl)-enhanced exopolysaccharide and siderophore production in an estuarine Alcaligenes faecalis strain.
abstract: Tributyltin chloride (TBTCl) has been used extensively as an antifouling agent in ship paints, which results in the contamination of aquatic sites. These contaminated sites serve as enrichment areas for TBTCl-resistant bacterial strains. One TBTCl-resistant bacterial strain was isolated from the sediments of Zuari estuary, Goa, India, which is a major hub of various ship-building activities. Based on biochemical characteristics and 16S rDNA sequence analysis, this bacterial strain was identified as Alcaligenes faecalis and designated as strain SD5. It could degrade ≥3 mM TBTCl by using it as a sole carbon source and transform it into the less toxic dibutyltin chloride, which was confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectroscopy. Interestingly, this bacterial strain also showed enhanced exopolysaccharide and siderophore production when cells were exposed to toxic levels of TBTCl, suggesting their involvement in conferring resistance to this antifouling biocide as well as degradative capability respectively.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Environmental Biotechnology, Department of Microbiology, Goa University, Taleigao Plateau, Bambolim, 403206, Goa, India.
authors.forename: Dnyanada
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Khanolkar
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Dubey
authors.forename: Milind Mohan
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Naik
mesh_terms: D042481:Alcaligenes faecalis / Q000145:classification / Q000378:metabolism*; D063366:Estuaries; D007194:India; D017262:Siderophores / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D014220:Trialkyltin Compounds / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D017262:Siderophores; D014220:Trialkyltin Compounds; C011559:tributyltin