title: RETRACTED: Ketamine reduces lipopolysaccharide-induced high-mobility group box-1 through heme oxygenase-1 and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2/ p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase.
abstract: This article has been retracted: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (http://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy).
  
  This article has been retracted by the Editor-in-Chief because several results reported in the manuscript were plagiarized from the following article published in 2014 by Zhang et al.:
  
  Zhang Z, Zhang L, Zhou C, Wu H. Ketamine inhibits LPS-induced HGMB1 release in vitro and in vivo. Int Immunopharmacol 2014;23:14–26.
  
  The editor was contacted by the editor of International Immunopharmacology, who had been alerted regarding the presence of duplicate figures in the two articles. Examination of the articles confirmed that data in Figures 1, 2, and 11 in the paper by Wang et al. appeared to have been plagiarized from the paper by Zhang et al. The corresponding author of the paper by Wang et al. was not able to provide a satisfactory explanation or the original related data to refute the allegation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Taishan Medical College, Taian, Shandong, China.
authors.forename: Fujun
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Taishan Medical College, Taian, Shandong, China.
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Meng
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Taishan Medical College, Taian, Shandong, China.
authors.forename: Yiwei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Taishan Medical College, Taian, Shandong, China.
authors.forename: Guoguang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Taishan Medical College, Taian, Shandong, China.
authors.forename: Xiaonan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Taishan Medical College, Taian, Shandong, China.
authors.forename: Qifeng
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.affiliation: Department of Pain treatment, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong, China. Electronic address: wenshengzhang666@outlook.com.
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yu
mesh_terms: D055371:Acute Lung Injury / Q000517:prevention & control; D000778:Anesthetics, Dissociative / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D024243:HMGB1 Protein / Q000378:metabolism*; D051547:Heme Oxygenase-1 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D007649:Ketamine / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D008168:Lung / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D051267:NF-E2-Related Factor 2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D018805:Sepsis / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000778:Anesthetics, Dissociative; D024243:HMGB1 Protein; C582808:HMGB1 protein, mouse; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D051267:NF-E2-Related Factor 2; C495636:Nfe2l2 protein, mouse; D007649:Ketamine; D051547:Heme Oxygenase-1; C496542:Hmox1 protein, mouse; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases