title: Severe Leptospira interrogans serovar Icterohaemorrhagiae infection with hepato-renal-pulmonary involvement treated with corticosteroids.
abstract: The traditional concept of immediate antibiotic treatment in suspected leptospirosis seems to be especially important for patients up to day 4 of clinical illness. As immune mechanisms probably play a crucial role in advanced leptospirosis with presumed pulmonary hemorrhages, patients might benefit from corticosteroids or other immunosuppressive agents beside antibiotics.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Medical Microbiology, University Medical Centre Göttingen Kreuzbergring 57, D-37075, Göttingen, Germany ; Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Mission Hospital Salvatorstrasse 7, D-97074, Würzburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Marco H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Schulze
authors.affiliation: Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority Veterinärstrasse 2, D-85764, Oberschleissheim, Germany.
authors.forename: Heribert
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Raschel
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Medical Mission Hospital Salvatorstrasse 7, D-97074, Würzburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Heinz-Jakob
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Langen
authors.affiliation: Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Mission Hospital Salvatorstrasse 7, D-97074, Würzburg, Germany.
authors.forename: August
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Stich
authors.affiliation: Bernhard-Nocht-Institute for Tropical Medicine Bernhard-Nocht-Strasse 74, D-20359, Hamburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Dennis
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Tappe
keywords: Canoeing; Leptospira interrogans; corticosteroids; hepato-pulmonary syndrome; hepato-renal syndrome; leptospirosis