title: [Antimony film-plated glassy carbon electrode for simultaneous determination of trace lead and cadmium in urine by differential pulse stripping voltammetry in the presence of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate and optimize the experiment conditions of determining lead and cadmium simultaneously with antimony film-plated glassy carbon electrode.
  
  
  METHODS
  CTAB was used as sensitizer, and antimony film-plated glassy carbon electrode was prepared by in-situ plating for the determination of trace lead and cadmium by differential pulse stripping voltammetry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Under optimized conditions, well defined peaks of lead and cadmium were obtained at the potential of -0.48 V and -0.73 V respectively. Following a 180 s preconcentration, the stripping peak currents changed linearly with the concentration of lead and cadmium over the range from 0 to 100 μg/L (r ≥ 0.991). The detection limits of lead and cadmium were 0.47 μg/L and 0.78 μg/L. The average recoveries were 92.0% - 104.3% and 94.0% - 102.6% respectively, with the relative standard deviations no more than 6.1%. The method was applied to the determination of lead in urine, and the results were satisfactory.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The method has high sensitivity, good precision and accuracy. Antimony film electrode could be used for another new environment-friendly membrance electrode for determination of lead in human urine samples instead of mercury film electrode.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Forensic Medicine and Laboratory Medicine, Jining Medical College, Jining 272067, China. gongweileiha@163.com
authors.forename: Weilei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Gong
authors.forename: Changqin
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Jinling
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Kai
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000965:Antimony; D002104:Cadmium / Q000652:urine*; D002244:Carbon; D000077286:Cetrimonium; D002593:Cetrimonium Compounds; D055664:Electrochemical Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D004566:Electrodes; D007854:Lead / Q000652:urine*; D008628:Mercury; D010710:Phosphates
chemical_list: D002593:Cetrimonium Compounds; D010710:Phosphates; D002104:Cadmium; D007854:Lead; D002244:Carbon; D000965:Antimony; D008628:Mercury; C009285:sodium polymetaphosphate; D000077286:Cetrimonium