title: Recent advances in the treatment of hormone receptor positive HER2 negative metastatic breast cancer.
abstract: Endocrine therapy is the recommended systemic therapy for hormone receptor (HR) positive metastatic breast cancer (MBC). However so far the limited number of endocrine agents and the onset of endocrine resistance have severely limited the therapeutic options for this patients. In the last years many targeted agents have been investigated to prevent or overcome endocrine resistance; only a few of them have been found effective in HR positive MBC, such as everolimus, CK4/6 inhibitors and HDAC inhibitors. Furthermore, translational medicine studies using next generation sequencing technologies have evaluated genetic variations of a broad panel of cancer-related genes and explored their correlations with targeted agents benefit. In some studies predictive biomarkers have been identified and many ongoing studies are evaluating the efficacy of targeted drugs in HR positive MBC patients selected for biomarkers or stratified by pathways amplification.
authors.affiliation: Medical Oncology & Breast Unit, "A. Perrino" Hospital, Brindisi, Italy. Electronic address: minafedele@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Palma
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Fedele
authors.affiliation: Medical Oncology & Breast Unit, "A. Perrino" Hospital, Brindisi, Italy.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Orlando
authors.affiliation: Medical Oncology & Breast Unit, "A. Perrino" Hospital, Brindisi, Italy.
authors.forename: Paola
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Schiavone
authors.affiliation: Medical Oncology & Breast Unit, "A. Perrino" Hospital, Brindisi, Italy.
authors.forename: Nicola
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Calvani
authors.affiliation: Medical Oncology & Breast Unit, "A. Perrino" Hospital, Brindisi, Italy.
authors.forename: Chiara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Caliolo
authors.affiliation: Medical Oncology & Breast Unit, "A. Perrino" Hospital, Brindisi, Italy.
authors.forename: Annamaria
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Quaranta
authors.affiliation: Medical Oncology & Breast Unit, "A. Perrino" Hospital, Brindisi, Italy.
authors.forename: Angelo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nacci
authors.affiliation: Medical Oncology & Breast Unit, "A. Perrino" Hospital, Brindisi, Italy; Division of Medical Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Saverio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cinieri
mesh_terms: D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D017322:Clinical Trials, Phase II as Topic; D017326:Clinical Trials, Phase III as Topic; D000068338:Everolimus; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen / Q000378:metabolism*; D011980:Receptors, Progesterone / Q000378:metabolism*; D020123:Sirolimus / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D057170:Translational Research, Biomedical; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal; D000068338:Everolimus; D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen; D011980:Receptors, Progesterone; D020123:Sirolimus
keywords: Endocrine resistance; Endocrine therapy; Metastatic breast cancer; Next generation sequencing technologies; Targeted agents