title: Formation and stabilization of persistent free radicals.
abstract: We demonstrate that stable and relatively unreactive "environmentally persistent free radicals (PFRs)" can be readily formed in the post-flame and cool-zone regions of combustion systems and other thermal processes. These resonance-stabilized radicals, including semiquinones, phenoxyls, and cyclopentadienyls, can be formed by the thermal decomposition of molecular precursors including catechols, hydroquinones and phenols. Association with the surfaces of fine particles imparts additional stabilization to these radicals such that they can persist almost indefinitely in the environment. A mechanism of chemisorption and electron transfer from the molecular adsorbate to a redox-active transition metal or other receptor is shown through experiment, and supported by molecular orbital calculations, to result in PFR formation. Both oxygen-centered and carbon-centered PFRs are possible that can significantly affect their environmental and biological reactivity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, 413 Choppin Hall, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.
authors.forename: Barry
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Dellinger
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, 413 Choppin Hall, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.
authors.forename: Slawomir
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lomnicki
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, 413 Choppin Hall, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.
authors.forename: Lavrent
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Khachatryan
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, 413 Choppin Hall, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.
authors.forename: Zofia
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Maskos
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, 413 Choppin Hall, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.
authors.forename: Randall W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Hall
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, 413 Choppin Hall, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.
authors.forename: Julien
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Adounkpe
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, 413 Choppin Hall, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.
authors.forename: Cheri
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: McFerrin
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, 413 Choppin Hall, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.
authors.forename: Hieu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Truong
keywords: Cyclopentadienyl radical; Particulate matter; Phenoxyl radical; Semiquinone radical