title: Evaluation of environmental risk factors for prostate cancer in a population of Iranian patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The Prostate cancer is the 2nd most common cancer worldwide for males, and the 5th most common cancer overall, with an estimated 900,000 new cases diagnosed in 2008 (14% of the total in males and 7% of the total overall) aim of this study was to assess some of the most proposed environmental factors influencing the incidence of prostate cancer among Iranian men. Smoking, opioids, occupation and living location were considered as studied risk factors of the prostate cancer in this research.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two groups of affected men with prostate cancer and controls aged 50-75 years referred to medical clinics were subjects in this case-control study. Living and working place, smoking and drug consuming habits were assessed for any associations with prostate cancer.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The largest number, of patients, in order, belonged to Tehran, provincial capitals, major industrial cities, small towns and villages, respectively. The disease showed links with smoking and drugs with a significant difference between controls and patients (P value <0.0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our recent evidence duplicates previously done researches confirming the serious adverse effects of smoking and drugs on the prostate cancer occurrence in Iranian men. Living place bearings some hazardous behaviors which increases the rate of diseases as well as advanced chance for associated cancers like prostate.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Genetics and Infertility and Reproductive Health Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran E-mail : jhosseinee@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Farkhondeh
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pouresmaeili
authors.forename: S Jalil
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Hosseini
authors.forename: Farah
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Farzaneh
authors.forename: Arezoo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Karimpour
authors.forename: Eznollah
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Azargashb
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yaghoobi
authors.forename: Maryam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kamarehei
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007492:Iran / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D009790:Occupations; D011379:Prognosis; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects*