title: Integration of a Kampo medicine, Nijutsuto, and Western medical treatment in the treatment of long-term frozen shoulder refractory to Western medical treatment: a case series.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Frozen shoulder is a common disorder in general orthopedic practice, characterized by spontaneous onset of pain in the shoulder and accompanied by limitation of glenohumeral movement. Treatments for frozen shoulder include shoulder exercise, manual therapy, corticosteroid injection, manipulation under anesthesia, and arthroscopic capsular release. Several patients suffer from some degree of pain and range of motion limitation for up to 10 years even when these treatments are applied. Kampo, a traditional Japanese herbal medicine based on traditional Chinese herbal medicine, has been used for the treatment of pain in Japan. Nijutsuto has been a Kampo formula used to effectively treat frozen shoulder.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirteen patients suffering from long-term frozen shoulder refractory to Western medical treatment were administered Nijututo.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Almost all patients experienced sound pain relief after Nijutsuto admnistration. There were no severe side effects reported.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Nijutsuto combined with an exercise program improved pain intensity in 13 patients with long-term frozen shoulder.
authors.affiliation: Aichi Medical University, Nagakutecho, Aichi, Japan arainon@aichi-med-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Young-Chang
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Arai
authors.affiliation: Aichi Medical University, Nagakutecho, Aichi, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuhiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shimo
authors.affiliation: Aichi Medical University, Nagakutecho, Aichi, Japan.
authors.forename: Masayuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.affiliation: Aichi Medical University, Nagakutecho, Aichi, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sakurai
authors.affiliation: Aichi Medical University, Nagakutecho, Aichi, Japan.
authors.forename: Yusuke
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ohmichi
authors.affiliation: Aichi Medical University, Nagakutecho, Aichi, Japan.
authors.forename: Takako
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Matsubara
authors.affiliation: Aichi Medical University, Nagakutecho, Aichi, Japan.
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nishihara
authors.affiliation: Aichi Medical University, Nagakutecho, Aichi, Japan.
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kawai
authors.affiliation: Aichi Medical University, Nagakutecho, Aichi, Japan.
authors.forename: Tatsunori
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ikemoto
authors.affiliation: Aichi Medical University, Nagakutecho, Aichi, Japan.
authors.forename: Shinsuke
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Inoue
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002062:Bursitis / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008519:Medicine, Traditional / Q000379:methods*; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies
keywords:  kampo formula; frozen shoulder; nijutsuto