title: Conversion of rice straw to monomeric phenols under supercritical methanol and ethanol.
abstract: Hydrothermal liquefaction of rice straw has been carried out using various organic solvents (CH3OH, C2H5OH) at different temperatures (250, 280 and 300 °C) and residence times (15, 30 and 60 min) to understand the effect of solvent and various reaction parameters on product distribution. Maximum liquid product yield (47.52 wt%) was observed using ethanol at 300 °C and 15 min reaction time. FTIR and NMR ((1)H and (13)C) of liquid product indicate that lignin in rice straw was converted to various monomeric phenols. GC-MS of the liquid product showed the presence of various phenol and guaiacol derivatives. Main compounds observed in liquid product were phenol, 4-ethylphenol, 4-ethyl-2-methoxyphenol (4-ethylguaiacol), 2,6-dimethoxyphenol (syringol), 2-isopropyl-5-methylphenol (thymol). Powder XRD and SEM of bio-residue showed that rice straw was decomposed to low molecular weight monomeric phenols.
authors.affiliation: Bio-Fuels Division (BFD), CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum (IIP), Dehradun 248005, India.
authors.forename: Rawel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: Bio-Fuels Division (BFD), CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum (IIP), Dehradun 248005, India.
authors.forename: Vartika
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Srivastava
authors.affiliation: Bio-Fuels Division (BFD), CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum (IIP), Dehradun 248005, India.
authors.forename: Kajal
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Chaudhary
authors.affiliation: Bio-Fuels Division (BFD), CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum (IIP), Dehradun 248005, India.
authors.forename: Piyush
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.affiliation: Bio-Fuels Division (BFD), CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum (IIP), Dehradun 248005, India.
authors.forename: Aditya
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Prakash
authors.affiliation: Bio-Fuels Division (BFD), CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum (IIP), Dehradun 248005, India.
authors.forename: Bhavya
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Balagurumurthy
authors.affiliation: Bio-Fuels Division (BFD), CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum (IIP), Dehradun 248005, India. Electronic address: tbhaskar@iip.res.in.
authors.forename: Thallada
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bhaskar
mesh_terms: D018533:Biomass; D000431:Ethanol / Q000737:chemistry; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D006139:Guaiacol / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000737:chemistry; D006838:Hydrocarbons / Q000737:chemistry; D008031:Lignin / Q000737:chemistry*; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D000432:Methanol / Q000737:chemistry*; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D012275:Oryza / Q000737:chemistry*; D019800:Phenol / Q000737:chemistry*; D010636:Phenols / Q000737:chemistry; D011748:Pyrogallol / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000737:chemistry; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D013696:Temperature; D013943:Thymol / Q000737:chemistry; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction
chemical_list: D006838:Hydrocarbons; D010636:Phenols; D012997:Solvents; D011748:Pyrogallol; D014867:Water; D019800:Phenol; D013943:Thymol; D000431:Ethanol; C010120:pyrogallol 1,3-dimethyl ether; D006139:Guaiacol; D008031:Lignin; C042291:4-ethylphenol; C084991:4-ethylguaiacol; D000432:Methanol
keywords: Hydrothermal liquefaction; Lignocellulosic biomass; Rice straw; Supercritical ethanol; Thermo-chemical conversion