title: The STOP-BANG questionnaire: reliability and validity of the Persian version in sleep clinic population.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The snoring, tiredness, observed apnea, blood pressure, body mass index, age, neck circumference, gender (STOP-BANG) is a concise and effective obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) screening tool, part questionnaire (STOP), and part demographic or anthropometric measurements (BANG). The main purpose of this study was to translate this well-liked questionnaire into Persian and assess its reliability and validity in sleep clinic population.
  
  
  METHODS
  Standard forward-backward method was used for translation. A sample of 603 patients, who admitted to the sleep clinic, completely answered to the STOP questionnaire and underwent in-laboratory polysomnography, included in this study. Height, weight, and neck circumference were measured by technicians for calculating BANG score. The apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) on the polysomnography was used as gold standard for OSA diagnosis: none (AHI < 5), mild (5 ≤ AHI < 15), moderate (15 ≤ AHI < 30), and severe (AHI ≥ 30). One hundred and forty one patients were answered to the STOP questionnaire twice at a time interval of 2-4 weeks for test-retest analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In reliability analysis, 124 (87.9 %) patients had same STOP score and 130 (92.2 %) patients were classified in same risk of OSA. Based on the polysomnography, 438 patients (72.6 %) had mild (n = 124, 20.4 %), moderate (n = 114, 18.9 %), and severe (n = 201, 33.3 %) OSA, whereas according to the STOP-BANG, 502 patients (83.3 %) were at high risk of OSA. The sensitivity and specificity of the STOP-BANG were found to be 91.6 and 45.2 %, respectively, at AHI ≥ 5, 97.1 and 35.2 %, respectively, at AHI ≥ 15, and 98 and 29.4 %, respectively, at AHI ≥ 30. The area under the curve of the STOP-BANG for identifying mild, moderate, and severe OSA was 0.805, 0.779, and 0.755, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Persian version of the STOP-BANG performs similar to its original version and is an easy-to-use questionnaire which could be considered as a reliable and valid tool for OSA screening.
authors.affiliation: Occupational Sleep Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Khosro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sadeghniiat-Haghighi
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Montazeri
authors.forename: Ahmad
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Khajeh-Mehrizi
authors.forename: Mahsa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ghajarzadeh
authors.forename: Zahra Banafsheh
authors.initials: ZB
authors.lastname: Alemohammad
authors.forename: Omid
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Aminian
authors.forename: Mojtaba
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sedaghat
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000554:Ambulatory Care Facilities; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001835:Body Weight; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003710:Demography; D005221:Fatigue; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007492:Iran; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017286:Polysomnography / Q000379:methods; D011788:Quality of Life; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012306:Risk; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D020181:Sleep Apnea, Obstructive / Q000175:diagnosis*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014177:Translations