title: A novel polythiophene - ionic liquid modified clay composite solid phase microextraction fiber: Preparation, characterization and application to pesticide analysis.
abstract: This report comprises the novel usage of polythiophene - ionic liquid modified clay surfaces for solid phase microextraction (SPME) fiber production to improve the analysis of pesticides in fruit juice samples. Montmorillonite (Mmt) clay intercalated with ionic liquids (IL) was co-deposited with polythiophene (PTh) polymer coated electrochemically on an SPME fiber. The surface of the fibers were characterized by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Operational parameters effecting the extraction efficiency namely; the sample volume and pH, adsorption temperature and time, desorption temperature and time, stirring rate and salt amount were optimized. In order to reveal the major effects, these eight factors were selected and Plackett-Burman Design was constructed. The significant parameters detected; adsorption and temperature along with the stirring rate, were further investigated by Box-Behnken design. Under optimized conditions, calibration graphs were plotted and detection limits were calculated in the range of 0.002-0.667ng mL(-1). Relative standard deviations were no higher than 18%. Overall results have indicated that this novel PTh-IL-Mmt SPME surface developed by the aid of electrochemical deposition could offer a selective and sensitive head space analysis for the selected pesticide residues.
authors.affiliation: Ege University, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey. Electronic address: fusun.okcu@ege.edu.tr.
authors.forename: Füsun Okçu
authors.initials: FO
authors.lastname: Pelit
authors.affiliation: Ege University, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Levent
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pelit
authors.affiliation: Ege University, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Tuğberk Nail
authors.initials: TN
authors.lastname: Dizdaş
authors.affiliation: Ege University, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Can
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Aftafa
authors.affiliation: Ege University, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Hasan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ertaş
authors.affiliation: Ege University, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey.
authors.forename: E E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Yalçınkaya
authors.affiliation: Ege University, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Hayati
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Türkmen
authors.affiliation: Ege University, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey.
authors.forename: F N
authors.initials: FN
authors.lastname: Ertaş
mesh_terms: D000538:Aluminum Silicates / Q000737:chemistry*; D001628:Beverages / Q000032:analysis*; D000077215:Clay; D004867:Equipment Design; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis*; D052578:Ionic Liquids / Q000737:chemistry*; D057230:Limit of Detection; D010575:Pesticides / Q000032:analysis / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry*; D052617:Solid Phase Microextraction / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D013876:Thiophenes / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000538:Aluminum Silicates; D052578:Ionic Liquids; D010575:Pesticides; D011108:Polymers; D013876:Thiophenes; C066730:polythiophene; D000077215:Clay
keywords: Experimental design; Ionic liquid modified clay; Pesticide analysis; Polythiophene fiber; Solid phase micro extraction