title: Plane of nutrition influences the performance, innate leukocyte responses, and resistance to an oral Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium challenge in Jersey calves.
abstract: Two experiments investigated how plane of nutrition influences performance, leukocyte responses, and resistance to an oral Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium challenge. In experiment 1, 46 (2±1 d of age) calves were randomly assigned to 2 diets: a low (LPN; n=23) and high plane of nutrition (HPN; n=23). The LPN calves were fed 409 g/d of dry matter (DM) of a 20% crude protein and 20% fat milk replacer, whereas HPN calves were fed 610 and 735 g/d of DM of a 28% crude protein and 25% fat milk replacer during wk 1 and 2 to 6, respectively. In experiment 2, 20 bull calves (LPN; n=11 and HPN; n=9) were orally challenged on d 80 with 1.5×10(7) cfu of Salmonella Typhimurium (ATCC #14028). The HPN calves had a greater incidence (87.5 vs. 45.5%) and duration of days with high fecal scores (5.5 vs. 3.5 d). The LPN calves had greater neutrophil surface expression of L-selectin on d 7, 21, and 42. Following the Salmonella Typhimurium challenge, calf starter DM intake was greater among the HPN calves. The percentage of neutrophils producing an oxidative burst was also greater among HPN calves on d 1 to 5 after the challenge. Similarly, the intensity of the oxidative burst tended to be greater among the HPN calves on d 2 and 3 postchallenge. The secretion of tumor necrosis factor-α from whole-blood cultures stimulated with lipopolysaccharide tended to be greater on d 1 and was greater on d 5 and 6 among HPN calves. The median ranks of haptoglobin concentrations were greater and plasma zinc concentrations tended to be decreased among LPN calves. These data indicate that feeding a HPN to Jersey calves improved average daily gain and feed efficiency, but increased the incidence of high fecal scores during the first few weeks of life; however, the HPN Jersey calves may be more resistant to Salmonella Typhimurium after weaning.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock 79409. Electronic address: michael.ballou@ttu.edu.
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Ballou
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock 79409.
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Hanson
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock 79409.
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Cobb
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock 79409; Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan.
authors.forename: B S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Obeidat
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock 79409.
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Sellers
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock 79409.
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Pepper-Yowell
authors.affiliation: Livestock Issues Research Unit, USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Lubbock, TX 79401.
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Carroll
authors.affiliation: Land O'Lakes Milk Products Co., Minneapolis, MN 55126.
authors.forename: T J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Earleywine
authors.affiliation: Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station 77845.
authors.forename: S D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Lawhon
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed / Q000032:analysis; D000824:Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology; D004032:Diet / Q000662:veterinary; D060467:Disease Resistance; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D019041:L-Selectin / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000276:immunology*; D009752:Nutritional Status; D011897:Random Allocation; D016897:Respiratory Burst; D012481:Salmonella Infections, Animal / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology; D012486:Salmonella typhimurium / Q000502:physiology; D014886:Weaning
chemical_list: D019041:L-Selectin
keywords: calf; health; immune; plane of nutrition