title: Assessing the effects of a complementary parent intervention and prior exposure to a preadolescent program of HIV risk reduction for mid-adolescents.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We (1) evaluated the impact of an evidence-based HIV prevention program with and without a parent component among mid-adolescents living in the Caribbean and (2) determined the effect of prior receipt of a related intervention during preadolescence on intervention response.
  
  
  METHODS
  A randomized, controlled 4-cell trial of a 10-session, theory-based HIV prevention intervention involving 2564 Bahamian grade-10 youths (some of whom had received a comparable intervention in grade 6) was conducted (2008-2011). Randomization occurred at the level of the classroom with follow-up at 6, 12, and 18 months after intervention. The 3 experimental conditions all included the youths' curriculum and either a youth-parent intervention emphasizing adolescent-parent communication, a parent-only goal-setting intervention, or no parent intervention.
  
  
  RESULTS
  An intervention delivered to mid-adolescents in combination with a parent-adolescent sexual-risk communication intervention increased HIV/AIDS knowledge, condom-use skills, and self-efficacy and had a marginal effect on consistent condom use. Regardless of prior exposure to a similar intervention as preadolescents, youths benefited from receipt of the intervention.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Preadolescents and mid-adolescents in HIV-affected countries should receive HIV prevention interventions that include parental participation.
authors.affiliation: Bonita Stanton, Bo Wang, Xiaoming Li, Veronica Dinaj-Koci, and Sharon Marshall are with the Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI. Lynette Deveaux and Sonja Lunn are with the Office of HIV/AIDS, Ministry of Health, Government of the Commonwealth of The Bahamas, Nassau, New Providence. Glenda Rolle is with the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology, Government of the Commonwealth of The Bahamas, Nassau. Nanika Braithwaite is with the Office of Health Information and Research Unit, Ministry of Health, Government of the Commonwealth of The Bahamas, Nassau. Perry Gomez is with the Ministry of Health, Government of the Commonwealth of The Bahamas, Nassau.
authors.forename: Bonita
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Stanton
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Lynette
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Deveaux
authors.forename: Sonja
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lunn
authors.forename: Glenda
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rolle
authors.forename: Xiaoming
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Nanika
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Braithwaite
authors.forename: Veronica
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Dinaj-Koci
authors.forename: Sharon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Marshall
authors.forename: Perry
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gomez
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior / Q000502:physiology / Q000523:psychology; D001444:Bahamas; D002648:Child; D003142:Communication; D017280:Condoms / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D003657:Decision Making; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000517:prevention & control*; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010287:Parent-Child Relations; D010290:Parents / Q000193:education*; D040242:Risk Reduction Behavior; D020377:Self Efficacy; D012736:Sex Education / Q000379:methods*