title: Prevalence of type 2 diabetes is higher in peripheral artery disease than in coronary artery disease patients.
abstract: Type 2 diabetes mellitus and pre-diabetes are risk factors for atherosclerosis and are highly prevalent in patients with coronary artery disease. However, the prevalence of impaired glucose metabolism in patients with peripheral artery disease is not as well elucidated. We aimed at comparing prevalence rates of type 2 diabetes mellitus and pre-diabetes, which were diagnosed according to the current American Diabetes Association criteria, among 364 patients with peripheral artery disease, 529 patients with coronary artery disease and 383 controls. The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus in peripheral artery disease patients was 49.7%. It was significantly higher in these patients than in coronary artery disease patients (34.4%; p < 0.001) and controls (21.4%; p < 0.001). Adjusted for sex, age and body mass index, odds ratios for type 2 diabetes mellitus were 2.0 (95% confidence interval 1.5-2.6) comparing the peripheral artery disease group with the coronary artery disease group (p < 0.001) and 4.0 (2.8-5.8) comparing the peripheral artery disease group with controls (p < 0.001). The prevalence of pre-diabetes among non-diabetic subjects was high in all three study groups (64.5% in peripheral artery disease patients, 63.4% in coronary artery disease patients and 61.8% in controls), without significant between-group differences. In conclusion, the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus is even higher in peripheral artery disease patients than in coronary artery disease patients. This observation underlines the need to consider impaired glucose regulation in the management of peripheral artery disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Angiology, Swiss Cardiovascular Center, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland guenther.silbernagel@insel.ch.
authors.forename: Guenther
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Silbernagel
authors.affiliation: Vorarlberg Institute for Vascular Investigation and Treatment, Feldkirch, Austria Department of Medicine and Cardiology, Academic Teaching Hospital Feldkirch, Feldkirch, Austria Private University in the Principality of Liechtenstein, Triesen, Liechtenstein.
authors.forename: Philipp
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rein
authors.affiliation: Vorarlberg Institute for Vascular Investigation and Treatment, Feldkirch, Austria Department of Medicine and Cardiology, Academic Teaching Hospital Feldkirch, Feldkirch, Austria Private University in the Principality of Liechtenstein, Triesen, Liechtenstein.
authors.forename: Christoph H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Saely
authors.affiliation: Department of Angiology, Swiss Cardiovascular Center, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Rolf P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Engelberger
authors.affiliation: Department of Angiology, Swiss Cardiovascular Center, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Torsten
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Willenberg
authors.affiliation: Department of Angiology, Swiss Cardiovascular Center, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Dai-Do
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Do
authors.affiliation: Department of Angiology, Swiss Cardiovascular Center, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Nils
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kucher
authors.affiliation: Department of Angiology, Swiss Cardiovascular Center, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Iris
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Baumgartner
authors.affiliation: Vorarlberg Institute for Vascular Investigation and Treatment, Feldkirch, Austria Department of Medicine and Cardiology, Academic Teaching Hospital Feldkirch, Feldkirch, Austria Private University in the Principality of Liechtenstein, Triesen, Liechtenstein Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Heinz
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Drexel
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D055109:Ankle Brachial Index; D001317:Austria / Q000453:epidemiology; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D015897:Comorbidity; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D058729:Peripheral Arterial Disease / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D013557:Switzerland / Q000453:epidemiology; D018616:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Duplex
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D001786:Blood Glucose; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; C517652:hemoglobin A1c protein, human
keywords: Coronary artery disease; glycated haemoglobin; oral glucose tolerance test; peripheral vascular disease; type 2 diabetes mellitus