title: Differential gene transcription, biochemical responses, and cytotoxicity assessment in Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas exposed to ibuprofen.
abstract: Pharmaceuticals, such as anti-inflammatory nonsteroidal drugs, are frequently detected in aquatic ecosystems. Studies about the effects of these substances in nontarget organisms, such as bivalves, are relevant. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects on antioxidant status caused by ibuprofen (IBU) in oysters Crassostrea gigas exposed for 1, 4, and 7 days at concentrations 1 and 100 μg L(-1). Levels of IBU in tissues of oysters, as well as cell viability of hemocytes, were measured. The transcription of cytochrome P450 genes (CYP2AU2, CYP356A1, CYP3071A1, CYP30C1), glutathione S-transferase isoforms (GST-ω-like and GST-π-like), cyclooxygenase-like (COX-like), fatty acid binding protein-like (FABP-like), caspase-like, heat shock protein-like (HSP70-like), catalase-like (CAT-like), and the activity of catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), and glutathione S-transferase (GST) were also evaluated in the gills of oysters. The highest levels of IBU were observed in animals exposed to 100 μg L(-1). A significant upregulation of CYP2AU1, CYP356A1, CYP3071A1, GST-ω-like, GST-π-like, COX-like, and FABP-like was observed in oysters exposed to IBU under different experimental conditions. Oysters exposed to 1 μg L(-1) for 7 days showed a significantly higher transcription of CYP2AU2, CYP356A1, CYP3071A1, GST-ω-like, and GST-π-like but lower GR activity. In conclusion, C. gigas exposed to environmentally relevant concentrations of IBU (1 μg L(-1)) exhibited increased transcription of certain genes and alterations on antioxidant and auxiliary enzymes, which could, in the the long term, cause damages to exposed organisms.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Biomarkers of Aquatic Contamination, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, SC, 88040900, Brazil.
authors.forename: Miguel A S
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Serrano
authors.affiliation: CIMA, Centre for Marine and Environmental Research, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8000135, Faro, Portugal.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gonzalez-Rey
authors.affiliation: Aquaculture Pathology Research Center-NEPAQ, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil.
authors.forename: Jacó J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Mattos
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Biomarkers of Aquatic Contamination, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, SC, 88040900, Brazil.
authors.forename: Fabrício
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Flores-Nunes
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Biomarkers of Aquatic Contamination, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, SC, 88040900, Brazil.
authors.forename: Álvaro C P
authors.initials: ÁC
authors.lastname: Mello
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Biomarkers of Aquatic Contamination, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, SC, 88040900, Brazil.
authors.forename: Flávia L
authors.initials: FL
authors.lastname: Zacchi
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Biomarkers of Aquatic Contamination, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, SC, 88040900, Brazil.
authors.forename: Clei E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Piazza
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Biomarkers of Aquatic Contamination, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, SC, 88040900, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marília N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Siebert
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Biomarkers of Aquatic Contamination, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, SC, 88040900, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rômi S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Piazza
authors.affiliation: Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Scientific and Technological Park of the University of Girona, H2O Building, Emili Grahit 101, 17003, Girona, Spain.
authors.forename: Diana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Alvarez-Muñoz
authors.affiliation: Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Scientific and Technological Park of the University of Girona, H2O Building, Emili Grahit 101, 17003, Girona, Spain.
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rodriguez-Mozaz
authors.affiliation: Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Scientific and Technological Park of the University of Girona, H2O Building, Emili Grahit 101, 17003, Girona, Spain.|Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Damià
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Barceló
authors.affiliation: CIMA, Centre for Marine and Environmental Research, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8000135, Faro, Portugal.
authors.forename: Maria João
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Bebianno
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Marine Mollusk, Department of Aquaculture, Center of Agricultural Science, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, SC, 88040900, Brazil.
authors.forename: Carlos H A M
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Gomes
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Marine Mollusk, Department of Aquaculture, Center of Agricultural Science, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, SC, 88040900, Brazil.
authors.forename: Cláudio M R
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Melo
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Biomarkers of Aquatic Contamination, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, SC, 88040900, Brazil. afonso.bainy@ufsc.br.
authors.forename: Afonso C D
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Bainy
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D049896:Crassostrea / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D003603:Cytotoxins / Q000633:toxicity*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D054750:Ecotoxicology; D005880:Gills / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D006434:Hemocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D007052:Ibuprofen / Q000633:toxicity*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D003603:Cytotoxins; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D007052:Ibuprofen
keywords: Crassostrea gigas; Gene transcription; Ibuprofen; Oxidative stress; Pharmaceuticals