title: Treatment of pseudo Felty's syndrome: Is there a place for rituximab?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Pseudo Felty's syndrome (PFS) is an uncommon syndrome occurring in Rheumatoid Arthritis and characterized by a monoclonal expansion of lymphocytes with neutropenia. Methotrexate is the first line recommended treatment. In case of incomplete response, cyclophosphamide may be used for hematological features but does not share the same efficacy on arthritis. We investigate the effect of rituximab in PFS as second line treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  This is a retrospective study about six cases of PFS treated with methotrexate and/or rituximab.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Five women and 1 man (mean age: 66 years) were included. All patients were positive for rheumatoid factor and five were anti CCP positive. All patients presented bone erosions, three had splenomegaly. The disease duration was between 0 and 19 years at large granular lymphocyte (LGL) leukemia diagnosis. Methotrexate was effective and well tolerated for two patients with a follow up of 7 and 4 years. For a third patient, the hematological symptoms were predominant and he received after methotrexate, several infusions of cyclophosphamide. Three patients (2 T-cell and 1 NK-cell LGLL) were treated with rituximab (two 1000 mg infusions) with a decreased DAS28 and an increased neutrophil count, with subsequent courses of rituximab one to three years later with the same efficacy. This treatment was well tolerated without infectious events after a follow up of one and three years.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Methotrexate is effective in near half of cases of PFS. In second line, rituximab may be a therapeutic option with good efficacy and tolerance.
authors.affiliation: Department of rheumatology, CHRU de Besançon, 2, Boulevard Fleming, 25030 Besançon, France.
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Verhoeven
authors.affiliation: Department of rheumatology, CHRU de Besançon, 2, Boulevard Fleming, 25030 Besançon, France.
authors.forename: Xavier
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Guillot
authors.affiliation: Department of rheumatology, CHRU de Besançon, 2, Boulevard Fleming, 25030 Besançon, France.
authors.forename: Clément
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Prati
authors.affiliation: Department of rheumatology, CHRU de Besançon, 2, Boulevard Fleming, 25030 Besançon, France. Electronic address: dwendling@chu-besancon.fr.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wendling
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D018501:Antirheumatic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology; D005258:Felty Syndrome / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D054066:Leukemia, Large Granular Lymphocytic / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D008727:Methotrexate / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D000069283:Rituximab / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D018501:Antirheumatic Agents; D000069283:Rituximab; D008727:Methotrexate
keywords: NK-cell; Pseudo Felty's syndrome; Rituximab; T-cell