title: High frequency of CD8 positive lymphocyte infiltration correlates with lack of lymph node involvement in early rectal cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A trend towards local excision of early rectal cancers has prompted us to investigate if immunoprofiling might help in predicting lymph node involvement in this subgroup.
  
  
  METHODS
  A tissue microarray of 126 biopsies of early rectal cancer (T1 and T2) was stained for several immunomarkers of the innate and the adaptive immune response. Patients' survival and nodal status were analyzed and correlated with infiltration of the different immune cells.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of all tested markers, only CD8 (P = 0.005) and TIA-1 (P = 0.05) were significantly more frequently detectable in early rectal cancer biopsies of node negative as compared to node positive patients. Although these two immunomarkers did not display prognostic effect "per se," CD8+ and, marginally, TIA-1 T cell infiltration could predict nodal involvement in univariate logistic regression analysis (OR 0.994; 95% CI 0.992-0.996; P = 0.009 and OR 0.988; 95% CI 0.984-0.994; P = 0.05, resp.). An algorithm significantly predicting the nodal status in early rectal cancer based on CD8 together with vascular invasion and tumor border configuration could be calculated (P < 0.00001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data indicate that in early rectal cancers absence of CD8+ T-cell infiltration helps in predicting patients' nodal involvement.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University Hospital Basel, Spitalstrasse 21, 4031 Basel, Switzerland ; Institute of Surgical Research and Hospital Management (ICFS) and Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Hebelstrasse 20, 4031 Basel, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Silvio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Däster
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Schoenbeinstrasse 40, 4031 Basel, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Serenella
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Eppenberger-Castori
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University Hospital Basel, Spitalstrasse 21, 4031 Basel, Switzerland ; Institute of Surgical Research and Hospital Management (ICFS) and Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Hebelstrasse 20, 4031 Basel, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hirt
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Murtenstrasse 31, 3010 Bern, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Inti
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Zlobec
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University Hospital Basel, Spitalstrasse 21, 4031 Basel, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Tarik
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Delko
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University Hospital Basel, Spitalstrasse 21, 4031 Basel, Switzerland ; Institute of Surgical Research and Hospital Management (ICFS) and Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Hebelstrasse 20, 4031 Basel, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Christian A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Nebiker
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University Hospital Basel, Spitalstrasse 21, 4031 Basel, Switzerland ; Institute of Surgical Research and Hospital Management (ICFS) and Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Hebelstrasse 20, 4031 Basel, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Savas D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Soysal
authors.affiliation: Institute of Surgical Research and Hospital Management (ICFS) and Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Hebelstrasse 20, 4031 Basel, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Amicarella
authors.affiliation: Institute of Surgical Research and Hospital Management (ICFS) and Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Hebelstrasse 20, 4031 Basel, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Giandomenica
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Iezzi
authors.affiliation: Institute of Translational Pharmacology, Department of Biomedicine, National Research Council, Via Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sconocchia
authors.affiliation: Institute of Surgical Research and Hospital Management (ICFS) and Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Hebelstrasse 20, 4031 Basel, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Heberer
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Murtenstrasse 31, 3010 Bern, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lugli
authors.affiliation: Institute of Surgical Research and Hospital Management (ICFS) and Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Hebelstrasse 20, 4031 Basel, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Giulio C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Spagnoli
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University Hospital Basel, Spitalstrasse 21, 4031 Basel, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kettelhack
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Schoenbeinstrasse 40, 4031 Basel, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Luigi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Terracciano
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University Hospital Basel, Spitalstrasse 21, 4031 Basel, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Oertli
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University Hospital Basel, Spitalstrasse 21, 4031 Basel, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Urs
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: von Holzen
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Schoenbeinstrasse 40, 4031 Basel, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Luigi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tornillo
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University Hospital Basel, Spitalstrasse 21, 4031 Basel, Switzerland ; Institute of Surgical Research and Hospital Management (ICFS) and Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Hebelstrasse 20, 4031 Basel, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Raoul A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Droeser
mesh_terms: D056704:Adaptive Immunity; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D018414:CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D003110:Colonic Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D016246:Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D012004:Rectal Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology*