title: Autocrine regulation of ecdysone synthesis by β3-octopamine receptor in the prothoracic gland is essential for Drosophila metamorphosis.
abstract: In Drosophila, pulsed production of the steroid hormone ecdysone plays a pivotal role in developmental transitions such as metamorphosis. Ecdysone production is regulated in the prothoracic gland (PG) by prothoracicotropic hormone (PTTH) and insulin-like peptides (Ilps). Here, we show that monoaminergic autocrine regulation of ecdysone biosynthesis in the PG is essential for metamorphosis. PG-specific knockdown of a monoamine G protein-coupled receptor, β3-octopamine receptor (Octβ3R), resulted in arrested metamorphosis due to lack of ecdysone. Knockdown of tyramine biosynthesis genes expressed in the PG caused similar defects in ecdysone production and metamorphosis. Moreover, PTTH and Ilps signaling were impaired by Octβ3R knockdown in the PG, and activation of these signaling pathways rescued the defect in metamorphosis. Thus, monoaminergic autocrine signaling in the PG regulates ecdysone biogenesis in a coordinated fashion on activation by PTTH and Ilps. We propose that monoaminergic autocrine signaling acts downstream of a body size checkpoint that allows metamorphosis to occur when nutrients are sufficiently abundant.
authors.affiliation: School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Graduate School of Integrated Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan; Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience, National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan;
authors.forename: Yuya
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ohhara
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan;
authors.forename: Yuko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shimada-Niwa
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan; Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan;
authors.forename: Ryusuke
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1716-455X
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Niwa
authors.affiliation: School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Graduate School of Integrated Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan;
authors.forename: Yasunari
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kayashima
authors.affiliation: Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience, National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan;
authors.forename: Yoshiki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hayashi
authors.affiliation: The Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology and Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan; and.
authors.forename: Kazutaka
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Akagi
authors.affiliation: The Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology and Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan; and.
authors.forename: Hitoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ueda
authors.affiliation: School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Graduate School of Integrated Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan; kobayasi@u-shizuoka-ken.ac.jp skob@nibb.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Kimiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamakawa-Kobayashi
authors.affiliation: Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience, National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan; Life Science Center, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan kobayasi@u-shizuoka-ken.ac.jp skob@nibb.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Satoru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004330:Drosophila / Q000254:growth & development*; D004440:Ecdysone / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D007301:Insect Hormones / Q000378:metabolism; D007814:Larva / Q000254:growth & development; D008675:Metamorphosis, Biological; D017982:Receptors, Biogenic Amine / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013909:Thorax / Q000502:physiology*; D014439:Tyramine / Q000096:biosynthesis
chemical_list: D007301:Insect Hormones; D017982:Receptors, Biogenic Amine; C027604:norsynephrine receptor; D004440:Ecdysone; C009089:prothoracicotropic hormone; D014439:Tyramine
keywords: Drosophila; ecdysone; metamorphosis; monoamine; prothoracic gland