title: Effects of dietary chlorogenic acid on growth performance, antioxidant capacity of white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei under normal condition and combined stress of low-salinity and nitrite.
abstract: An eight-week feeding trial followed by an acute combined stress test of low-salinity and nitrite were performed to evaluate effects of chlorogenic acid (CGA) on growth performance and antioxidant capacity of white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. Shrimp were randomly allocated in 12 tanks (30 shrimp per tank) and triplicate tanks were fed with a control diet or diets containing different levels of CGA (100, 200 and 400 mg kg(-1) feed) as treatment groups. Growth performance including weight gain (WG), biomass gain (BG), feed conversion ratio (FCR), and feed intake were determined after feeding for 56 days. Antioxidant capacity were evaluated by determining the activity of total antioxidant status (TAS), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), catalase (CAT) as well as the gene expression of GSH-Px and CAT in the hepatopancreas of shrimp at the end of feeding trial and again at the end of the combined stress test. The results indicated that supplemention of CGA had no significant effects on the growth performance and the activities of TAS, SOD, GSH-Px and CAT in hepatopancreas of shrimp cultured under normal conditions for 56 days. However, compared with the control group, CGA (200, 400 mg kg(-1) feed) significantly improved the resistance of L. vannamei against the combined stress of low-salinity and nitrite, as indicated by the significant (P < 0.05) higher survival, higher activities of TAS, GSH-Px and CAT, as well as higher transcript levels of GPx and CAT gene in shrimp treated with CGA in the combined tress test. Our findings suggested that CGA possessed dual-modulatory effects on antioxidant capacity of L. vannamei and could be a potential feed additive that can enhance shrimp resistance against environmental stresses. The recommended application dosage is 200 mg kg(-1) and further studies are needed to clarify the action model of CGA efficiency.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing; Ministry of Agriculture, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, PR China.
authors.forename: Yun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Kemin Industries (Zhuhai) Co., Ltd., Zhuhai 519040, PR China.
authors.forename: Zheng
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 106 Nanjing Road, Qingdao 266071, PR China.
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing; Ministry of Agriculture, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, PR China.
authors.forename: Ya-Fei
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Duan
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing; Ministry of Agriculture, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, PR China.
authors.forename: Jin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Niu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing; Ministry of Agriculture, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, PR China.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing; Ministry of Agriculture, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, PR China.
authors.forename: Zhong
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing; Ministry of Agriculture, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, PR China. Electronic address: linheizhao@163.com.
authors.forename: Hei-Zhao
authors.initials: HZ
authors.lastname: Lin
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed / Q000032:analysis; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D017756:Aquaculture; D002374:Catalase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D002726:Chlorogenic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism*; D004032:Diet; D019587:Dietary Supplements / Q000032:analysis; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D009573:Nitrites / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*; D033561:Penaeidae / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development; D054712:Salinity; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000032:analysis; D013312:Stress, Physiological; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D009573:Nitrites; D002726:Chlorogenic Acid; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D002374:Catalase; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase
keywords: Antioxidant enzymes; Chlorogenic acid; Combined stress of low-salinity and nitrite; Growth performance; Litopenaeus vannamei