title: HPLC-DAD Analysis and In-Vitro Property of Polyphenols Extracts from (Solanum Aethiopium) Fruits on α -Amylase, α -Glucosidase and Angiotensin - 1- Converting Enzyme Activities.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Garden egg (Solanum aethiopium) is an edible fruits vegetable with  different species.This study investigated characterisation and the effect of the phenolics extracts from S. aethiopium species with enzymes linked with type -2-diabetes (α-amylase and α-glucosidase) and hypertension [Angiotensin-1-converting enzyme (ACE)].
  
  
  METHODS
  Fresh samples of the 5 species of the garden egg namely, [Solanum gilo (PW), Solanum torvum (TWS), Solanum kumba (PGR), Solanum incanum (GSB), and Solanum indicum (WSB)] were oven-dried at 50°C and milled into flour. The aqueous extracts were prepared (1:50 w/v). The phenolic contents (total phenol and total flavonoid), vitamin C and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), the antioxidant activities of the extracts were evaluated. The ability of the extracts to inhibit diabetes enzymes in rat pancreas as well as the inhibition of angiotensin-1-converting (ACE) enzyme in lungs homogenates in vitro were investigated. Furthermore, the fruits polyphenols were identified and quantified using HPLC-DAD.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The phenolic contents ranged from 2.70-3.76 mgGAE/g, while there were no significant (P>0.05) differences in their flavonoid content and ability to reduce Fe(3+) to Fe(2+). The vitamin C contents of the species ranged from 4.01-6.52 mg/ml. The extracts scavenged DPPH in a dose dependent manner with the IC50 values ranging from 3.23-4.20 mg/ml. Furthermore, the extracts showed strong inhibition of α-glucosidase, mild inhibition of α-amylase and strong inhibition of ACE activities.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study showed that the inhibition of the key enzymes relevant to type-2 diabetes and hypertension could be part of the mechanisms by which garden egg manage/prevent the degenerative conditions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B 704, Akure, 34001 Nigeria;
authors.forename: E E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Nwanna
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B 704, Akure, 34001 Nigeria;
authors.forename: E O
authors.initials: EO
authors.lastname: Ibukun
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B 704, Akure, 34001 Nigeria;
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Oboh
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B 704, Akure, 34001 Nigeria;
authors.forename: A O
authors.initials: AO
authors.lastname: Ademosun
authors.affiliation: Program of Post-Graduation in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, Campus Camobi, CEP 97105-900, Brazil.
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Boligon
authors.affiliation: Program of Post-Graduation in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, Campus Camobi, CEP 97105-900, Brazil.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Athayde
keywords: Solanum aethiopium species; diabetes; hypertension; polyphenols; vitamin C