title: Mobile flow cytometer for mHealth.
abstract: Flow cytometry is used for cell counting and analysis in numerous clinical and environmental applications. However flow cytometry is not used in mHealth mainly because current flow cytometers are large, expensive, power-intensive devices designed to operate in a laboratory. Their design results in a lack of portability and makes them unsuitable for mHealth applications. Another limitation of current technology is the low volumetric throughput rates that are not suitable for rapid detection of rare cells.To address these limitations, we describe here a novel, low-cost, mobile flow cytometer based on wide-field imaging with a webcam for large volume and high throughput fluorescence detection of rare cells as a simulation for circulating tumor cells (CTCs) detection. The mobile flow cytometer uses a commercially available webcam capable of 187 frames per second video capture at a resolution of 320 × 240 pixels. For fluorescence detection, a 1 W 450 nm blue laser is used for excitation of Syto-9 fluorescently stained cells detected at 535 nm. A wide-field flow cell was developed for large volume analysis that allows for the linear velocity of target cells to be lower than in conventional hydrodynamic focusing flow cells typically used in cytometry. The mobile flow cytometer was found to be capable of detecting low concentrations at flow rates of 500 μL/min, suitable for rare cell detection in large volumes. The simplicity and low cost of this device suggests that it may have a potential clinical use for mHealth flow cytometry for resource-poor settings associated with global health.
authors.affiliation: Division of Biology, Office of Science and Engineering, FDA, Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA.
authors.forename: Joshua
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Balsam
authors.forename: Hugh Alan
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Bruck
authors.forename: Avraham
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rasooly
mesh_terms: D003906:Developing Countries; D005434:Flow Cytometry / Q000191:economics / Q000295:instrumentation*; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D014943:Global Health; D006801:Humans; D054018:Lasers, Excimer; D046210:Microfluidic Analytical Techniques / Q000191:economics / Q000295:instrumentation*; D009930:Organic Chemicals; D013194:Staining and Labeling; D017216:Telemedicine / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D014741:Video Recording
chemical_list: D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D009930:Organic Chemicals; C103389:SYTO 9