title: Lipopolysaccharide-induced chorioamnionitis causes acute inflammatory changes in the ovine central nervous system.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To better understand the inflammatory response in the central nervous system (CNS) after lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced chorioamnionitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fetal sheep were exposed to intra-amniotic LPS 2 or 14 days before preterm delivery at 125 days of gestation. mRNA levels of cytokines, TLRs and anti-oxidants were determined in different CNS regions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Interleukin 1β levels increased in hippocampus, cortex and cerebellum 2 days after LPS exposure, while Interleukin 8 levels increased in the periventricular white matter as well. Levels returned back to control levels after 14 days. Tumor necrosis factor-α levels increased in hippocampus and cortex after 2 days. Toll like receptor 4 levels was upregulated in all grey matter regions 2 and 14 days after exposure. Glutathione s-transferase mRNA levels were lower after 2 and 14 days in all grey matter regions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intra-amniotic LPS exposure causes acute and region-specific changes in inflammatory markers in the fetal brain, with grey matter being more affected than white matter.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intra-amniotic LPS exposure causes acute and region-specific changes in cytokines, TLR and anti-oxidants levels, with grey matter being more affected than white matter.
authors.forename: Eveline
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Strackx
authors.forename: Michelle A R
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Sparnaaij
authors.forename: Evi
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Vlassaks
authors.forename: Reint
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jellema
authors.forename: Elke
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kuypers
authors.forename: Johan S H
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Vles
authors.forename: Boris W
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: Kramer
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Maastricht University Medical Center, P. Debyelaan 25, P.O. Box 5800, 6202AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands. danilo.gavilanes@mumc.nl.
authors.forename: Antonio W D
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Gavilanes
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D002374:Catalase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D002490:Central Nervous System / Q000196:embryology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D002821:Chorioamnionitis / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000662:veterinary; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005333:Fetus; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental / Q000187:drug effects; D007249:Inflammation / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000662:veterinary; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000633:toxicity*; D011247:Pregnancy; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D012756:Sheep; D013997:Time Factors; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors; D002374:Catalase