title: Endothelial Cell Inflammation and Antioxidant Capacity are Associated With Exercise Performance and Microcirculation in Patients With Symptomatic Peripheral Artery Disease.
abstract: We determined whether exercise performance and lower extremity microcirculation were associated with endothelial cell inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis and with circulating biomarkers of inflammation and antioxidant capacity in 160 patients with symptomatic peripheral artery disease (PAD). In a multivariate regression model for peak walking time, significant independent variables included ankle-brachial index (P < .001), age (P = .017), hydroxyl radical antioxidant capacity (P = .008), and endothelial cell nuclear factor K-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) activity (P = .015). In multivariate analyses for time to minimum exercise calf muscle hemoglobin oxygen saturation (StO2), significant independent variables included endothelial cell NF-κB activity (P = .043) and calf muscle StO2 at rest (P = .007). Endothelial cell inflammation and circulating biomarkers of inflammation and antioxidant capacity were associated with exercise performance and microcirculation of the ischemic calf musculature during exercise. The clinical implication is that interventions designed to alleviate endothelial cell inflammation and circulating inflammatory biomarkers, such as antioxidant therapy, may improve exercise performance of symptomatic patients with PAD.
authors.affiliation: Donald W. Reynolds Department of Geriatric Medicine, Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA andrew-gardner@ouhsc.edu.
authors.forename: Andrew W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Gardner
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
authors.forename: Donald E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Parker
authors.affiliation: Donald W. Reynolds Department of Geriatric Medicine, Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
authors.forename: Polly S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Montgomery
authors.affiliation: Donald W. Reynolds Department of Geriatric Medicine, Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
authors.forename: Danuta
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sosnowska
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Section, Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
authors.forename: Ana I
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Casanegra
authors.affiliation: Donald W. Reynolds Department of Geriatric Medicine, Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
authors.forename: Zoltan
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Ungvari
authors.affiliation: Donald W. Reynolds Department of Geriatric Medicine, Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Csiszar
authors.affiliation: Donald W. Reynolds Department of Geriatric Medicine, Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
authors.forename: William E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Sonntag
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism*; D017209:Apoptosis; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D005080:Exercise Test; D017079:Exercise Tolerance; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000097:blood*; D035002:Lower Extremity / Q000098:blood supply*; D008297:Male; D008833:Microcirculation; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009119:Muscle Contraction; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000097:blood; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D058729:Peripheral Arterial Disease / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000097:blood; D012039:Regional Blood Flow; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D015415:Biomarkers; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D016328:NF-kappa B; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species
keywords: antioxidant capacity; claudication; inflammation; peripheral artery disease