title: Pattern recognition of neuron specific enolase and carcinoembryonic antigen in whole blood samples.
abstract: New tools and methods for pattern recognition of neuron specific enolase (NSE) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) were proposed for the screening of whole blood samples. The new tools were based on stochastic sensors designed using nanoporous gold microspheres, graphite, graphene, diamond paste as well as α-CDs, and 5,10,15,20-tetraphenyl-21H,23H-porphyrin. The best sensor for the assay of CEA was the one based on P/graphite (the limit of determination was 16 fg/ml and sensitivity was 2.32 × 10(7)  s mg(-1)  ml), while for the assay of NSE the, best sensor was the one based on P/graphene (the limit of determination was 7.45 pg/ml and sensitivity was 2.49 × 10(8)  s mg(-1)  ml). The sensor of choice for simultaneous detection of NSE and CEA is the one based on P/graphene because we need high sensitivity and low limit of determination for NSE. To our knowledge, this is the only one screening test for early detection of lung cancer, by identification of NSE and CEA in whole blood samples.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Electrochemistry and PATLAB Bucharest, National Institute of Research for Electrochemistry and Condensed Matter, 202 Splaiul Independentei St., Bucharest, 060021, Romania; Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, Politehnica University of Bucharest, 1-7 Polizu St., Bucharest, 011061, Romania.
authors.forename: Raluca-Ioana
authors.initials: RI
authors.lastname: Stefan-van Staden
authors.forename: Ionela Raluca
authors.initials: IR
authors.lastname: Comnea-Stancu
authors.forename: Carmen Cristina
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Surdu-Bob
authors.forename: Camelia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Stanciu-Gavan
mesh_terms: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000097:blood*; D015374:Biosensing Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D002272:Carcinoembryonic Antigen / Q000097:blood*; D055088:Early Detection of Cancer / Q000379:methods*; D006108:Graphite / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis; D008297:Male; D008863:Microspheres; D010751:Phosphopyruvate Hydratase / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D002272:Carcinoembryonic Antigen; D006108:Graphite; D010751:Phosphopyruvate Hydratase
keywords: carcinoembryonic antigen; nanostructured materials; neuron specific enolase; pattern recognition; stochastic sensor