title: Alternethanoxins C-E, Further Polycyclic Ethanones Produced by Alternaria sonchi, a Potential Mycoherbicide for Sonchus arvensis Biocontrol.
abstract: Three new polycyclic ethanones, named alternethanoxins C-E, were isolated together with the well-known and closely related alternethanoxins A and B, from the solid culture of Alternaria sonchi, a fungal pathogen proposed for perennial sowthistle (Sonchus arvensis L.) biocontrol. Alternethanoxins C-E were characterized by spectroscopic methods (essentially NMR and HRESI MS) as 2'-dihydroxymethyl-2,5,6,6'-tetrahydroxy-3'-methoxy-biphenyl-3-carboxylic acid methyl ester, 1,4,6,9,10-pentahydroxy-7-methoxy-6H-benzo[c]chromene-2-carboxylic acid methyl ester, and 7,9-dihydroxy-2-methoxy-9H-4,8-dioxa-cyclopenta[def]phenanthrene-5-carboxylic acid methyl ester. When assayed on leaf segments of weeds (Sonchus arvensis and Elytrigia repens), alternethanoxins A and C showed phytotoxic activity inducing notable necrotic lesions. Alternethanoxins C and D possess notable antimicrobial activity when tested against Bacillus subtilis (MIC 10 μg/disc) and Candida tropicalis (MIC 25 μg/disc). Alternethanoxins A and B had low activity against these microbes, while alternethanoxin E was inactive.
authors.affiliation: All-Russian Institute of Plant Protection, Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Pushkin, Saint-Petersburg 196608, Russian Federation.
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Berestetskiy
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte Sant'Angelo , Via Cintia 4, 80126 Napoli, Italy.
authors.forename: Alessio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cimmino
authors.affiliation: All-Russian Institute of Plant Protection, Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Pushkin, Saint-Petersburg 196608, Russian Federation.
authors.forename: Julia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sofronova
authors.affiliation: All-Russian Institute of Plant Protection, Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Pushkin, Saint-Petersburg 196608, Russian Federation.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dalinova
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte Sant'Angelo , Via Cintia 4, 80126 Napoli, Italy.
authors.forename: Fabiana
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Avolio
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte Sant'Angelo , Via Cintia 4, 80126 Napoli, Italy.
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Evidente
authors.affiliation: Research Institute of Hygiene, Occupational Pathology and Human Ecology, Federal Medical Biological Agency , p/o Kuz'molovsky, Saint-Petersburg 188663, Russian Federation.
authors.forename: Leonid
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chisty
authors.affiliation: Research Institute of Hygiene, Occupational Pathology and Human Ecology, Federal Medical Biological Agency , p/o Kuz'molovsky, Saint-Petersburg 188663, Russian Federation.
authors.forename: Denis
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Krivorotov
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte Sant'Angelo , Via Cintia 4, 80126 Napoli, Italy.
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Evidente
keywords: Alternaria sonchi; Sonchus arvensis; alternethanoxins C−E; biocontrol; polycyclic ethanones