title: Short communication: Feed sorting of dairy heifers is influenced by method of dietary transition.
abstract: This study investigated the effect of exposing heifers to individual feed components on the extent and pattern of feed sorting upon transition to a novel ration. Holstein heifers (394 ± 62 d old, weighing 409.8 ± 37.3 kg; mean ± SD), consuming a familiar mixed silage-based ration [55% corn silage and 45% haylage, dry matter (DM) basis], were transitioned to a novel total mixed ration [TMR; 41.6% haylage, 36.5% corn silage, 14.6% high-moisture corn, and 7.3% protein supplement, DM basis] by 1 of 2 treatments: direct transition to novel TMR (DIR; n = 5) or exposure to novel TMR components individually before receiving novel TMR (COM; n = 6). During the baseline period (d 1 to 4), all heifers were offered the familiar silage-based ration. During transition (d 5 to 12), DIR heifers received the novel TMR, whereas COM heifers received the novel TMR components offered separately, in amounts according to TMR composition (target 15% orts). After transition (d 13 to 20), all heifers received the novel TMR. Feed intake and feeding time were determined daily and fresh feed and individual orts were sampled every 2d for particle size analysis and neutral detergent fiber content. The particle size separator consisted of 3 screens (18, 9, and 1.18 mm) and a bottom pan, resulting in 4 fractions (long, medium, short, and fine). Sorting activity for each fraction was calculated as actual intake expressed as a percentage of predicted intake. We detected no effect of treatment on dry matter intake or feeding time. After transition to the novel TMR, COM heifers sorted to a greater extent than did DIR heifers, sorting against long particles (95.4 vs. 98.9%) and for short particles (101.7 vs. 100.6%). Differences in sorting patterns resulted in COM heifers tending to have lower neutral detergent fiber intake as a percentage of predicted intake (98.9 vs. 100.5%). The results of this study suggest that the degree of feed sorting may be influenced by method of transition to a novel ration.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville 32611.
authors.forename: E K
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Miller-Cushon
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Guelph, Kemptville Campus, Kemptville, ON, K0G 1J0, Canada.
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Vogel
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Guelph, Kemptville Campus, Kemptville, ON, K0G 1J0, Canada. Electronic address: tdevries@uoguelph.ca.
authors.forename: T J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: DeVries
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed / Q000032:analysis*; D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle / Q000502:physiology*; D003612:Dairying / Q000379:methods*; D004032:Diet / Q000662:veterinary; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D021641:Recognition, Psychology
keywords: dairy heifer; diet transition; feed sorting; feeding