title: Dual growth factor-immobilized microspheres for tissue reinnervation: in vitro and preliminary in vivo studies.
abstract: Growth factors (GFs) (basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and/or nerve growth factor (NGF))-immobilized polycaprolactone (PCL)/Pluronic F127 microspheres were prepared using an isolated particulate-melting method and the sequential binding of heparin and GFs onto the microspheres. The GFs immobilized on the microspheres were released in a sustained manner over 28 days, regardless of GF type. From the in vitro culture of muscle-derived stem cells, it was observed that the NGF-immobilized microspheres induced more neurogenic differentiation than the bFGF-immobilized microspheres, as evidenced by a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction using specific neurogenic markers (Nestin, GFAP, β-tubulin, and MAP2) and Western blot (Nestin and β-tubulin) analyses. The dual bFGF/NGF-immobilized microspheres showed better neurogenic differentiation than the microspheres immobilized with single bFGF or NGF. From the preliminary animal study, the dual bFGF/NGF-immobilized microsphere group also showed effective nerve regeneration, as evaluated by immunocytochemistry using a marker - β-tubulin. The dual bFGF/NGF-immobilized PCL/Pluronic F127 microspheres may be a promising candidate for nerve regeneration in certain target tissues (i.e. muscles) leading to sufficient reinnervation.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Advanced Materials , Hannam University , Daejeon 305-811 , Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Tae Ho
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Se Heang
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.forename: Dan Bi
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: An
authors.forename: Ji Youl
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Jin Ho
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004337:Drug Carriers / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry; D004338:Drug Combinations; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D008422:Materials Testing; D051379:Mice; D008812:Mice, Hairless; D008863:Microspheres; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000187:drug effects / Q000294:innervation; D020932:Nerve Growth Factor / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D009416:Nerve Regeneration / Q000187:drug effects*; D055495:Neurogenesis / Q000187:drug effects; D010865:Pilot Projects; D051381:Rats
chemical_list: D004337:Drug Carriers; D004338:Drug Combinations; C502240:NGF protein, human; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2; D020932:Nerve Growth Factor
keywords: basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF); microsphere; nerve growth factor (NGF); nerve regeneration; neurogenic differentiation