title: Design and protocol of a randomized multiple behavior change trial: Make Better Choices 2 (MBC2).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Suboptimal diet and inactive lifestyle are among the most prevalent preventable causes of premature death. Interventions that target multiple behaviors are potentially efficient; however the optimal way to initiate and maintain multiple health behavior changes is unknown.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The Make Better Choices 2 (MBC2) trial aims to examine whether sustained healthful diet and activity change are best achieved by targeting diet and activity behaviors simultaneously or sequentially. Study design approximately 250 inactive adults with poor quality diet will be randomized to 3 conditions examining the best way to prescribe healthy diet and activity change. The 3 intervention conditions prescribe: 1) an increase in fruit and vegetable consumption (F/V+), decrease in sedentary leisure screen time (Sed-), and increase in physical activity (PA+) simultaneously (Simultaneous); 2) F/V+ and Sed- first, and then sequentially add PA+ (Sequential); or 3) Stress Management Control that addresses stress, relaxation, and sleep. All participants will receive a smartphone application to self-monitor behaviors and regular coaching calls to help facilitate behavior change during the 9 month intervention. Healthy lifestyle change in fruit/vegetable and saturated fat intakes, sedentary leisure screen time, and physical activity will be assessed at 3, 6, and 9 months.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MBC2 is a randomized m-Health intervention examining methods to maximize initiation and maintenance of multiple healthful behavior changes. Results from this trial will provide insight about an optimal technology supported approach to promote improvement in diet and physical activity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 680N. Lake Shore Drive, Suite 1400, Chicago, IL 60611, United States. Electronic address: c-pellegrini@northwestern.edu.
authors.forename: Christine A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Pellegrini
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 680N. Lake Shore Drive, Suite 1400, Chicago, IL 60611, United States.
authors.forename: Jeremy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Steglitz
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 680N. Lake Shore Drive, Suite 1400, Chicago, IL 60611, United States.
authors.forename: Winter
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Johnston
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 680N. Lake Shore Drive, Suite 1400, Chicago, IL 60611, United States.
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Warnick
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 680N. Lake Shore Drive, Suite 1400, Chicago, IL 60611, United States.
authors.forename: Tiara
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Adams
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 680N. Lake Shore Drive, Suite 1400, Chicago, IL 60611, United States.
authors.forename: H G
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: McFadden
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 680N. Lake Shore Drive, Suite 1400, Chicago, IL 60611, United States.
authors.forename: Juned
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Siddique
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Studies, University of Chicago, 5841 South Maryland Ave (MC2007), Chicago, IL 60637, United States.
authors.forename: Donald
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hedeker
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 680N. Lake Shore Drive, Suite 1400, Chicago, IL 60611, United States.
authors.forename: Bonnie
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Spring
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001521:Behavior Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D002755:Choice Behavior; D015444:Exercise; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005638:Fruit; D015438:Health Behavior; D006293:Health Promotion / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D063731:Mobile Applications; D009043:Motor Activity; D012064:Relaxation Therapy; D057185:Sedentary Behavior; D012890:Sleep; D000068997:Smartphone; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000628:therapy*; D017216:Telemedicine; D014675:Vegetables
keywords: Diet; Multiple behavior change; Physical activity; mHealth