title: A 1-night operant learning task without food-restriction differentiates among mouse strains in an automated home-cage environment.
abstract: Individuals are able to change their behavior based on its consequences, a process involving instrumental learning. Studying instrumental learning in mice can provide new insights in this elementary aspect of cognition. Conventional appetitive operant learning tasks that facilitate the study of this form of learning in mice, as well as more complex operant paradigms, require labor-intensive handling and food deprivation to motivate the animals. Here, we describe a 1-night operant learning protocol that exploits the advantages of automated home-cage testing and circumvents the interfering effects of food restriction. The task builds on behavior that is part of the spontaneous exploratory repertoire during the days before the task. We compared the behavior of C57BL/6J, BALB/cJ and DBA/2J mice and found various differences in behavior during this task, but no differences in learning curves. BALB/cJ mice showed the largest instrumental learning response, providing a superior dynamic range and statistical power to study instrumental learning by using this protocol. Insights gained with this home-cage-based learning protocol without food restriction will be valuable for the development of other, more complex, cognitive tasks in automated home-cages.
authors.affiliation: Sylics (Synaptologics B.V.), Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Functional Genomics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Esther
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Remmelink
authors.affiliation: Sylics (Synaptologics B.V.), Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Electronic address: maarten.loos@sylics.com.
authors.forename: Maarten
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Loos
authors.affiliation: Sylics (Synaptologics B.V.), Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Bastijn
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Koopmans
authors.affiliation: Department of Functional Genomics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Emmeke
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Aarts
authors.affiliation: Section Complex Trait Genetics, Department of Clinical Genetics, VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Sophie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: van der Sluis
authors.forename: August B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Smit
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Matthijs
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Verhage
authors.affiliation: Department of Functional Genomics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D057205:Automation, Laboratory / Q000379:methods*; D003216:Conditioning, Operant; D005106:Exploratory Behavior; D005502:Food; D006799:Housing, Animal; D059032:Learning Curve; D008297:Male; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C / Q000523:psychology*; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL / Q000523:psychology*; D008811:Mice, Inbred DBA / Q000523:psychology*; D009043:Motor Activity
keywords: Automated home-cage; Instrumental learning; Mice; Operant conditioning; PhenoTyper