title: Phasic and tonic type A γ-Aminobutryic acid receptor mediated effect of Withania somnifera on mice hippocampal CA1 pyramidal Neurons.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In Nepali and Indian system of traditional medicine, Withania somnifera (WS) is considered as a rejuvenative medicine to maintain physical and mental health and has also been shown to improve memory consolidation.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  In this study, a methanolic extract of WS (mWS) was applied on mice hippocampal CA1 neurons to identify the receptors activated by the WS.
  
  
  METHODS
  The whole cell patch clamp recordings were performed on CA1 pyramidal neurons from immature mice (7-20 postnatal days). The cells were voltage clamped at -60 mV. Extract of WS root were applied to identify the effect of mWS.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The application of mWS (400 ng/μl) induced remarkable inward currents (-158.1 ± 28.08 pA, n = 26) on the CA1 pyramidal neurons. These inward currents were not only reproducible but also concentration dependent. mWS-induced inward currents remained persistent in the presence of amino acid receptor blocking cocktail (AARBC) containing blockers for the ionotropic glutamate receptors, glycine receptors and voltage-gated Na(+) channel (
  
  
  METHODS
  -200.3 ± 55.42 pA, AARBC: -151.5 ± 40.58 pA, P > 0.05) suggesting that most of the responses by mWS are postsynaptic events. Interestingly, these inward currents were almost completely blocked by broad GABAA receptor antagonist, bicuculline- 20 μM (BIC) (BIC: -1.46 ± 1.4 pA, P < 0.001), but only partially by synaptic GABAA receptor blocker gabazine (1 μM) (GBZ: -18.26 ± 4.70 pA, P < 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that WS acts on synaptic/extrasynaptic GABAA receptors and may play an important role in the process of memory and neuroprotection via activation of synaptic and extrasynaptic GABAA receptors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Physiology, School of Dentistry and Institute of Oral Bioscience, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, 561-756, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Janardhan Prasad
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Bhattarai
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Physiology, School of Dentistry and Institute of Oral Bioscience, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, 561-756, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Seong Kyu
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Han
keywords: GABAA receptors; Withania somnifera; hippocampal CA1 neurons; patch clamp technique