title: Chemical constituents analysis and antidiabetic activity validation of four fern species from Taiwan.
abstract: Pterosins are abundant in ferns, and pterosin A was considered a novel activator of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase, which is crucial for regulating blood glucose homeostasis. However, the distribution of pterosins in different species of ferns from various places in Taiwan is currently unclear. To address this question, the distribution of pterosins, glucose-uptake efficiency, and protective effects of pterosin A on β-cells were examined. Our results showed that three novel compounds, 13-chloro-spelosin 3-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (1), (3R)-Pterosin D 3-O-β-d-(3'-p-coumaroyl)-glucopyranoside (2), and (2R,3R)-Pterosin L 3-O-β-d-(3'-p-coumaroyl)-glucopyranoside (3), were isolated for the first time from four fern species (Ceratopteris thalictroides, Hypolepis punctata, Nephrolepis multiflora, and Pteridium revolutum) along with 27 known compounds. We also examined the distribution of these pterosin compounds in the mentioned fern species (except N. multiflora). Although all pterosin analogs exhibited the same effects in glucose uptake assays, pterosin A prevented cell death and reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. This paper is the first report to provide new insights into the distribution of pterosins in ferns from Taiwan. The potential anti-diabetic activity of these novel phytocompounds warrants further functional studies.
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing St., Taipei 110, Taiwan. d301097006@tmu.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Chen-Yu
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, No. 162, Sec. 1, Heping E. Rd., Taipei 106, Taiwan. richisland0418@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Fu-Yu
authors.initials: FY
authors.lastname: Chiu
authors.affiliation: Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, No. 162, Sec. 1, Heping E. Rd., Taipei 106, Taiwan. yenshoulin@ntnu.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Yenshou
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing St., Taipei 110, Taiwan. wjhuang@tmu.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Wei-Jan
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Biophysics, National Defense Medical Center, No. 161, Sec. 6, Minquan E. Rd., Taipei 114, Taiwan. pshsieh@mail.ndmctsgh.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Po-Shiuan
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Hsieh
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing St., Taipei 110, Taiwan. hsu0320@tmu.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Feng-Lin
authors.initials: FL
authors.lastname: Hsu
mesh_terms: D055372:AMP-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D029624:Ferns / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D007189:Indans / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D050417:Insulin-Secreting Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D010168:Palmitates / Q000633:toxicity; D051381:Rats; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D012717:Sesquiterpenes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D013624:Taiwan
chemical_list: D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007189:Indans; D010168:Palmitates; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D012717:Sesquiterpenes; C010772:pterosin; D055372:AMP-Activated Protein Kinases