title: α-Tomatine inhibits growth and induces apoptosis in HL-60 human myeloid leukemia cells.
abstract: α‑Tomatine is a glycoalkaloid that occurs naturally in tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum). In the present study, the effects of α‑tomatine on human myeloid leukemia HL‑60 cells were investigated. Treatment of HL‑60 cells with α‑tomatine resulted in growth inhibition and apoptosis in a concentration‑dependent manner. Tomatidine, the aglycone of tomatine had little effect on the growth and apoptosis of HL‑60 cells. Growth inhibition and apoptosis induced by α‑tomatine in HL‑60 cells was partially abrogated by addition of cholesterol indicating that interactions between α‑tomatine and cell membrane‑associated cholesterol may be important in mediating the effect of α‑tomatine. Activation of nuclear factor‑κB by the phorbol ester, 12‑O‑tetradecanoylphorbol‑13‑acetate failed to prevent apoptosis in HL‑60 cells treated with α‑tomatine. In animal experiments, it was found that treatment of mice with α‑tomatine inhibited the growth of HL‑60 xenografts in vivo. Results from the present study indicated that α‑tomatine may have useful anti‑leukemia activities.
authors.affiliation: Allan H. Conney Laboratory for Anticancer Research, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Huarong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Shaohua
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Susan Lehman Cullman Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
authors.forename: Jeremiah
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Van Doren
authors.affiliation: Allan H. Conney Laboratory for Anticancer Research, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Dongli
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Susan Lehman Cullman Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
authors.forename: Chelsea
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Farichon
authors.affiliation: Allan H. Conney Laboratory for Anticancer Research, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: Allan H. Conney Laboratory for Anticancer Research, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Qiuyan
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Allan H. Conney Laboratory for Anticancer Research, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Kun
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Allan H. Conney Laboratory for Anticancer Research, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Allan H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Conney
authors.affiliation: Division of Medical Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA.
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Goodin
authors.affiliation: Allan H. Conney Laboratory for Anticancer Research, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Zhiyun
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Du
authors.affiliation: Allan H. Conney Laboratory for Anticancer Research, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Xi
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zheng
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects*; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D018922:HL-60 Cells; D006801:Humans; D007951:Leukemia, Myeloid / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D051379:Mice; D016513:Mice, SCID; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / Q000494:pharmacology; D014053:Tomatine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014183:Transplantation, Heterologous
chemical_list: D016328:NF-kappa B; C484751:alpha-tomatine; D014053:Tomatine; D002784:Cholesterol; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate