title: Texture analysis of mandibular cortical bone on digital dental panoramic radiographs for the diagnosis of osteoporosis in Korean women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether individual measurements or a combination of textural features and mandibular cortical width (MCW) derived from digital dental panoramic radiographs (DPRs) are more useful in assessment of osteoporosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Textural features were obtained by using fractal dimension (FD) and gray-level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM). Digital DPRs and bone mineral densities (BMDs) of the lumbar spine and the femoral neck were obtained from 141 female patients. A naïve Bayes classifier, a k-nearest neighbor (k-NN) algorithm, and a support vector machine were assessed for classifying osteoporosis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The combinations of FD plus MCW (95.3%, 92.1%, 96.8%) and GLCM plus MCW (93.7%, 89.5%, 94.2%) for femoral neck BMD showed the highest diagnostic accuracy with the use of the naïve Bayes, k-NN, and support vector machine classifiers, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The combination of textural features and MCW contributed a better assessment of osteoporosis compared with the use of only individual measurements.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Muthu Subash
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Kavitha
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea.
authors.forename: Seo-Young
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: An
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea.
authors.forename: Chang-Hyeon
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: An
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Kyung-Hoe
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Huh
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Won-Jin
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Yi
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea. Electronic address: hmslsh@snu.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Min-Suk
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Heo
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Sam-Sun
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Soon-Chul
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Choi
mesh_terms: D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon; D000368:Aged; D001499:Bayes Theorem; D015519:Bone Density; D005260:Female; D005272:Femur Neck / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D017709:Fractals; D006801:Humans; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D008334:Mandible / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D008875:Middle Aged; D015663:Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D019252:Radiography, Dental, Digital; D011862:Radiography, Panoramic; D056910:Republic of Korea; D060388:Support Vector Machine