title: Neuromedin U: a multifunctional neuropeptide with pleiotropic roles.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Neuromedin U (NmU) belongs to the neuromedin family, comprising a series of neuropeptides involved in the gut-brain axis and including neuromedins B and C (bombesin-like), K (neurokinin B), L (neurokinin A or neurotensin), N, S, and U.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Although initially isolated from porcine spinal cord on the basis of their ability to induce uterine smooth muscle contraction, these peptides have now been found to be expressed in several different tissues and have been ascribed numerous functions, from appetite regulation and energy balance control to muscle contraction and tumor progression. NmU has been detected in several species to date, particularly in mammals (pig, rat, rabbit, dog, guinea pig, human), but also in amphibian, avian, and fish species. The NmU sequence is highly conserved across different species, indicating that this peptide is ancient and plays an important biological role. Here, we summarize the main structural and functional characteristics of NmU and describe its many roles, highlighting the jack-of-all-trades nature of this neuropeptide.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  NmU involvement in key processes has outlined the possibility that this neuropeptide could be a novel target for the treatment of obesity and cancer, among other disorders. Although the potential for NmU as a therapeutic target is obvious, the multiple functions of this molecule should be taken into account when designing an approach to targeting NmU and/or its receptors.
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
authors.forename: Vanesa G
authors.initials: VG
authors.lastname: Martinez
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland. lodrisc@tcd.ie.
authors.forename: Lorraine
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: O'Driscoll
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001775:Blood Circulation / Q000502:physiology; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D005247:Feeding Behavior / Q000502:physiology; D006706:Homeostasis / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000502:physiology; D009130:Muscle, Smooth / Q000502:physiology; D009479:Neuropeptides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D015398:Signal Transduction; D014018:Tissue Distribution
chemical_list: D009479:Neuropeptides; C056900:neuromedin U