title: Validation of the Malay version of Berlin questionaire to identify Malaysian patients for obstructive sleep apnea.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To validate the Malay version of Berlin Questionnaire (BQ) as a tool to screen for patients at risk of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in primary care.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Most patients with OSA are unrecognised and untreated. Thus, the BQ has been used as a tool to screen for patients at risk for OSA. However, this tool has not been validated in Malay version.
  
  
  METHODS
  A parallel back-to-back translation method was applied to produce the Malay version (Berlin-M). The Malay version was administered to 150 patients in a tertiary respiratory medical centre.  Concurrent validity of the Berlin-M was determined using the Apnea Hypopnea Index (AHI) as the gold standard measure.  The test-retest reliability and internal consistency of the Berlin-M were determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Most patients were males (64.0%) and majority of them were Malays (63.3%). Based on the sleep study test, 121 (84.0%) were classified as high risk while 23 (16.0%) as low risk using the Apnea Hypopnea Index (AHI) ≥5 as the cutoff point. The test-retest reliability Kappa value showed a good range between 0.864 - 1.000. The Cronbach's alpha of BQ was 0.750 in category 1 and 0.888 in category 2. The sensitivity and specificity were 92% and 17% respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The BQ showed high sensitivity (92%) but low specificity (17%). Therefore, though the Berlin-M is useful as a screening tool, it is not a confirmatory diagnostic tool.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yunus
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Seet
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Mohamad Adam
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Haniff
keywords: Berlin questionnaire; obstructive sleep apnoea; reliability; sensitivity; specificity; validity