title: Anxiety and health-related quality of life among patients with low-tumor burden non-Hodgkin lymphoma randomly assigned to two different rituximab dosing regimens: results from ECOG trial E4402 (RESORT).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to compare illness-related anxiety among participants in the Rituximab Extended Schedule or Retreatment Trial (RESORT) randomly assigned to maintenance rituximab (MR) versus rituximab re-treatment (RR). A secondary objective was to examine whether the superiority of MR versus RR on anxiety depended on illness-related coping style.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients (N = 253) completed patient-reported outcome (PRO) measures at random assignment to MR or RR (baseline); at 3, 6, 12, 24, 36, and 48 months after random assignment; and at rituximab failure. PRO measures assessed illness-related anxiety and coping style, and secondary end points including general anxiety, worry and interference with emotional well-being, depression, and health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Patients were classified as using an active or avoidant illness-related coping style. Independent sample t tests and linear mixed-effects models were used to identify treatment arm differences on PRO end points and differences based on coping style.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Illness-related anxiety was comparable between treatment arms at all time points (P > .05), regardless of coping style (active or avoidant). Illness-related anxiety and general anxiety significantly decreased over time on both arms. HRQoL scores were relatively stable and did not change significantly from baseline for both arms. An avoidant coping style was associated with significantly higher anxiety (18% and 13% exceeded clinical cutoff points at baseline and 6 months, respectively) and poorer HRQoL compared with an active coping style (P < .001), regardless of treatment arm assignment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Surveillance until RR at progression was not associated with increased anxiety compared with MR, regardless of coping style. Avoidant coping was associated with higher anxiety and poorer HRQoL.
authors.affiliation: Lynne I. Wagner and David Cella, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Fengmin Zhao, Fangxin Hong, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Michael E. Williams, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA; John C. Krauss, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Ranjana H. Advani, Stanford University, Stanford; Sandra J. Horning, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA; Ronald S. Go, Gunderson Health System, La Crosse; Brad S. Kahl, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI; Thomas M. Habermann, Mayo Clinic, Rochester; Joseph W. Leach, Metro Minnesota Community Clinical Oncology Program, Minneapolis, MN; Brian O'Connor, Frederick Memorial Health System, Frederick, MD; Stephen J. Schuster, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; and Randy D. Gascoyne, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada. lwagner@northwestern.edu.
authors.forename: Lynne I
authors.initials: LI
authors.lastname: Wagner
authors.affiliation: Lynne I. Wagner and David Cella, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Fengmin Zhao, Fangxin Hong, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Michael E. Williams, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA; John C. Krauss, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Ranjana H. Advani, Stanford University, Stanford; Sandra J. Horning, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA; Ronald S. Go, Gunderson Health System, La Crosse; Brad S. Kahl, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI; Thomas M. Habermann, Mayo Clinic, Rochester; Joseph W. Leach, Metro Minnesota Community Clinical Oncology Program, Minneapolis, MN; Brian O'Connor, Frederick Memorial Health System, Frederick, MD; Stephen J. Schuster, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; and Randy D. Gascoyne, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
authors.forename: Fengmin
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Lynne I. Wagner and David Cella, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Fengmin Zhao, Fangxin Hong, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Michael E. Williams, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA; John C. Krauss, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Ranjana H. Advani, Stanford University, Stanford; Sandra J. Horning, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA; Ronald S. Go, Gunderson Health System, La Crosse; Brad S. Kahl, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI; Thomas M. Habermann, Mayo Clinic, Rochester; Joseph W. Leach, Metro Minnesota Community Clinical Oncology Program, Minneapolis, MN; Brian O'Connor, Frederick Memorial Health System, Frederick, MD; Stephen J. Schuster, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; and Randy D. Gascoyne, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
authors.forename: Fangxin
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.affiliation: Lynne I. Wagner and David Cella, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Fengmin Zhao, Fangxin Hong, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Michael E. Williams, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA; John C. Krauss, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Ranjana H. Advani, Stanford University, Stanford; Sandra J. Horning, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA; Ronald S. Go, Gunderson Health System, La Crosse; Brad S. Kahl, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI; Thomas M. Habermann, Mayo Clinic, Rochester; Joseph W. Leach, Metro Minnesota Community Clinical Oncology Program, Minneapolis, MN; Brian O'Connor, Frederick Memorial Health System, Frederick, MD; Stephen J. Schuster, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; and Randy D. Gascoyne, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
authors.forename: Michael E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.affiliation: Lynne I. Wagner and David Cella, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Fengmin Zhao, Fangxin Hong, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Michael E. Williams, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA; John C. Krauss, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Ranjana H. Advani, Stanford University, Stanford; Sandra J. Horning, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA; Ronald S. Go, Gunderson Health System, La Crosse; Brad S. Kahl, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI; Thomas M. Habermann, Mayo Clinic, Rochester; Joseph W. Leach, Metro Minnesota Community Clinical Oncology Program, Minneapolis, MN; Brian O'Connor, Frederick Memorial Health System, Frederick, MD; Stephen J. Schuster, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; and Randy D. Gascoyne, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
authors.forename: Randy D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Gascoyne
authors.affiliation: Lynne I. Wagner and David Cella, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Fengmin Zhao, Fangxin Hong, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Michael E. Williams, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA; John C. Krauss, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Ranjana H. Advani, Stanford University, Stanford; Sandra J. Horning, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA; Ronald S. Go, Gunderson Health System, La Crosse; Brad S. Kahl, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI; Thomas M. Habermann, Mayo Clinic, Rochester; Joseph W. Leach, Metro Minnesota Community Clinical Oncology Program, Minneapolis, MN; Brian O'Connor, Frederick Memorial Health System, Frederick, MD; Stephen J. Schuster, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; and Randy D. Gascoyne, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
authors.forename: John C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Krauss
authors.affiliation: Lynne I. Wagner and David Cella, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Fengmin Zhao, Fangxin Hong, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Michael E. Williams, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA; John C. Krauss, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Ranjana H. Advani, Stanford University, Stanford; Sandra J. Horning, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA; Ronald S. Go, Gunderson Health System, La Crosse; Brad S. Kahl, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI; Thomas M. Habermann, Mayo Clinic, Rochester; Joseph W. Leach, Metro Minnesota Community Clinical Oncology Program, Minneapolis, MN; Brian O'Connor, Frederick Memorial Health System, Frederick, MD; Stephen J. Schuster, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; and Randy D. Gascoyne, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
authors.forename: Ranjana H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Advani
authors.affiliation: Lynne I. Wagner and David Cella, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Fengmin Zhao, Fangxin Hong, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Michael E. Williams, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA; John C. Krauss, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Ranjana H. Advani, Stanford University, Stanford; Sandra J. Horning, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA; Ronald S. Go, Gunderson Health System, La Crosse; Brad S. Kahl, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI; Thomas M. Habermann, Mayo Clinic, Rochester; Joseph W. Leach, Metro Minnesota Community Clinical Oncology Program, Minneapolis, MN; Brian O'Connor, Frederick Memorial Health System, Frederick, MD; Stephen J. Schuster, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; and Randy D. Gascoyne, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
authors.forename: Ronald S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Go
authors.affiliation: Lynne I. Wagner and David Cella, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Fengmin Zhao, Fangxin Hong, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Michael E. Williams, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA; John C. Krauss, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Ranjana H. Advani, Stanford University, Stanford; Sandra J. Horning, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA; Ronald S. Go, Gunderson Health System, La Crosse; Brad S. Kahl, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI; Thomas M. Habermann, Mayo Clinic, Rochester; Joseph W. Leach, Metro Minnesota Community Clinical Oncology Program, Minneapolis, MN; Brian O'Connor, Frederick Memorial Health System, Frederick, MD; Stephen J. Schuster, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; and Randy D. Gascoyne, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
authors.forename: Thomas M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Habermann
authors.affiliation: Lynne I. Wagner and David Cella, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Fengmin Zhao, Fangxin Hong, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Michael E. Williams, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA; John C. Krauss, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Ranjana H. Advani, Stanford University, Stanford; Sandra J. Horning, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA; Ronald S. Go, Gunderson Health System, La Crosse; Brad S. Kahl, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI; Thomas M. Habermann, Mayo Clinic, Rochester; Joseph W. Leach, Metro Minnesota Community Clinical Oncology Program, Minneapolis, MN; Brian O'Connor, Frederick Memorial Health System, Frederick, MD; Stephen J. Schuster, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; and Randy D. Gascoyne, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
authors.forename: Joseph W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Leach
authors.affiliation: Lynne I. Wagner and David Cella, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Fengmin Zhao, Fangxin Hong, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Michael E. Williams, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA; John C. Krauss, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Ranjana H. Advani, Stanford University, Stanford; Sandra J. Horning, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA; Ronald S. Go, Gunderson Health System, La Crosse; Brad S. Kahl, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI; Thomas M. Habermann, Mayo Clinic, Rochester; Joseph W. Leach, Metro Minnesota Community Clinical Oncology Program, Minneapolis, MN; Brian O'Connor, Frederick Memorial Health System, Frederick, MD; Stephen J. Schuster, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; and Randy D. Gascoyne, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: O'Connor
authors.affiliation: Lynne I. Wagner and David Cella, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Fengmin Zhao, Fangxin Hong, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Michael E. Williams, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA; John C. Krauss, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Ranjana H. Advani, Stanford University, Stanford; Sandra J. Horning, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA; Ronald S. Go, Gunderson Health System, La Crosse; Brad S. Kahl, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI; Thomas M. Habermann, Mayo Clinic, Rochester; Joseph W. Leach, Metro Minnesota Community Clinical Oncology Program, Minneapolis, MN; Brian O'Connor, Frederick Memorial Health System, Frederick, MD; Stephen J. Schuster, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; and Randy D. Gascoyne, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
authors.forename: Stephen J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Schuster
authors.affiliation: Lynne I. Wagner and David Cella, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Fengmin Zhao, Fangxin Hong, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Michael E. Williams, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA; John C. Krauss, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Ranjana H. Advani, Stanford University, Stanford; Sandra J. Horning, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA; Ronald S. Go, Gunderson Health System, La Crosse; Brad S. Kahl, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI; Thomas M. Habermann, Mayo Clinic, Rochester; Joseph W. Leach, Metro Minnesota Community Clinical Oncology Program, Minneapolis, MN; Brian O'Connor, Frederick Memorial Health System, Frederick, MD; Stephen J. Schuster, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; and Randy D. Gascoyne, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cella
authors.affiliation: Lynne I. Wagner and David Cella, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Fengmin Zhao, Fangxin Hong, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Michael E. Williams, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA; John C. Krauss, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Ranjana H. Advani, Stanford University, Stanford; Sandra J. Horning, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA; Ronald S. Go, Gunderson Health System, La Crosse; Brad S. Kahl, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI; Thomas M. Habermann, Mayo Clinic, Rochester; Joseph W. Leach, Metro Minnesota Community Clinical Oncology Program, Minneapolis, MN; Brian O'Connor, Frederick Memorial Health System, Frederick, MD; Stephen J. Schuster, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; and Randy D. Gascoyne, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
authors.forename: Sandra J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Horning
authors.affiliation: Lynne I. Wagner and David Cella, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Fengmin Zhao, Fangxin Hong, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Michael E. Williams, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA; John C. Krauss, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Ranjana H. Advani, Stanford University, Stanford; Sandra J. Horning, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA; Ronald S. Go, Gunderson Health System, La Crosse; Brad S. Kahl, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI; Thomas M. Habermann, Mayo Clinic, Rochester; Joseph W. Leach, Metro Minnesota Community Clinical Oncology Program, Minneapolis, MN; Brian O'Connor, Frederick Memorial Health System, Frederick, MD; Stephen J. Schuster, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; and Randy D. Gascoyne, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
authors.forename: Brad S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Kahl
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D058846:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001007:Anxiety / Q000209:etiology*; D003863:Depression / Q000209:etiology; D018450:Disease Progression; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D008228:Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology* / Q000523:psychology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011159:Population Surveillance; D011788:Quality of Life; D000069283:Rituximab; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000209:etiology; D047368:Tumor Burden
chemical_list: D058846:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D000069283:Rituximab