title: Mini-review: marine natural products and their synthetic analogs as antifouling compounds: 2009-2014.
abstract: This review covers 214 marine natural compounds and 23 of their synthetic analogs, which were discovered and/or synthesized from mid-2009 to August 2014. The antifouling (AF) compounds reported have medium to high bioactivity (with a threshold of EC(50) < 15.0 mg ml(-1)). Among these compounds, 82 natural compounds were identified as new structures. All the compounds are marine-derived, demonstrating that marine organisms are prolific and promising sources of natural products that may be developed as environmentally friendly antifoulants. However, this mini-review excludes more than 200 compounds that were also reported as AF compounds but with rather weak bioactivity during the same period. Also excluded are terrestrial-derived AF compounds reported during the last five years. A brief discussion on current challenges in AF compound research is also provided to reflect the authors' own views in terms of future research directions.
authors.affiliation: a Division of Life Science , Hong Kong University of Science and Technology , HKSAR , PR China.
authors.forename: Pei-Yuan
authors.initials: PY
authors.lastname: Qian
authors.forename: Zhongrui
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Yongxin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Nobuhiro
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Fusetani
mesh_terms: D000470:Alkaloids / Q000737:chemistry; D000818:Animals; D037421:Anthozoa / Q000737:chemistry; D059001:Aquatic Organisms / Q000737:chemistry*; D001419:Bacteria / Q000737:chemistry; D057219:Biofouling / Q000517:prevention & control*; D001688:Biological Products / Q000737:chemistry*; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D005658:Fungi / Q000737:chemistry; D015394:Molecular Structure; D061065:Polyketides / Q000737:chemistry; D000461:Rhodophyta / Q000737:chemistry; D013256:Steroids / Q000737:chemistry; D013729:Terpenes / Q000737:chemistry; D001468:Thoracica / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000470:Alkaloids; D001688:Biological Products; D005227:Fatty Acids; D061065:Polyketides; D013256:Steroids; D013729:Terpenes
keywords: antifouling; antifouling compounds; biofouling; marine natural products