title: Carotenoid content and root color of cultivated carrot: a candidate-gene association study using an original broad unstructured population.
abstract: Accumulated in large amounts in carrot, carotenoids are an important product quality attribute and therefore a major breeding trait. However, the knowledge of carotenoid accumulation genetic control in this root vegetable is still limited. In order to identify the genetic variants linked to this character, we performed an association mapping study with a candidate gene approach. We developed an original unstructured population with a broad genetic basis to avoid the pitfall of false positive detection due to population stratification. We genotyped 109 SNPs located in 17 candidate genes – mostly carotenoid biosynthesis genes – on 380 individuals, and tested the association with carotenoid contents and color components. Total carotenoids and β-carotene contents were significantly associated with genes zeaxanthin epoxydase (ZEP), phytoene desaturase (PDS) and carotenoid isomerase (CRTISO) while α-carotene was associated with CRTISO and plastid terminal oxidase (PTOX) genes. Color components were associated most significantly with ZEP. Our results suggest the involvement of the couple PDS/PTOX and ZEP in carotenoid accumulation, as the result of the metabolic and catabolic activities respectively. This study brings new insights in the understanding of the carotenoid pathway in non-photosynthetic organs.
authors.affiliation: Agrocampus Ouest, UMR1345 Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Angers, France; Université d'Angers, UMR1345 Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Angers, France; INRA, UMR1345 Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Beaucouzé, France.
authors.forename: Matthieu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jourdan
authors.affiliation: Agrocampus Ouest, UMR1345 Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Angers, France; Université d'Angers, UMR1345 Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Angers, France; INRA, UMR1345 Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Beaucouzé, France.
authors.forename: Séverine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gagné
authors.affiliation: Agrocampus Ouest, UMR1345 Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Angers, France; Université d'Angers, UMR1345 Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Angers, France; INRA, UMR1345 Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Beaucouzé, France.
authors.forename: Cécile
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dubois-Laurent
authors.affiliation: Agrocampus Ouest, UMR1345 Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Angers, France; Université d'Angers, UMR1345 Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Angers, France; INRA, UMR1345 Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Beaucouzé, France.
authors.forename: Mohamed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Maghraoui
authors.affiliation: Agrocampus Ouest, UMR1345 Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Angers, France; Université d'Angers, UMR1345 Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Angers, France; INRA, UMR1345 Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Beaucouzé, France.
authors.forename: Sébastien
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Huet
authors.affiliation: Agrocampus Ouest, UMR1345 Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Angers, France; Université d'Angers, UMR1345 Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Angers, France; INRA, UMR1345 Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Beaucouzé, France.
authors.forename: Anita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Suel
authors.affiliation: Agrocampus Ouest, UMR1345 Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Angers, France; Université d'Angers, UMR1345 Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Angers, France; INRA, UMR1345 Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Beaucouzé, France.
authors.forename: Latifa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hamama
authors.affiliation: Agrocampus Ouest, UMR1345 Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Angers, France; Université d'Angers, UMR1345 Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Angers, France; INRA, UMR1345 Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Beaucouzé, France.
authors.forename: Mathilde
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Briard
authors.affiliation: Agrocampus Ouest, UMR1345 Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Angers, France; Université d'Angers, UMR1345 Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Angers, France; INRA, UMR1345 Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Beaucouzé, France.
authors.forename: Didier
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Peltier
authors.affiliation: Agrocampus Ouest, UMR1345 Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Angers, France; Université d'Angers, UMR1345 Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Angers, France; INRA, UMR1345 Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Beaucouzé, France.
authors.forename: Emmanuel
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Geoffriau
mesh_terms: D053898:Biosynthetic Pathways; D002338:Carotenoids / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D018552:Daucus carota / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics; D056726:Genetic Association Studies; D010088:Oxidoreductases / Q000235:genetics; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000737:chemistry / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D019745:cis-trans-Isomerases / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D010940:Plant Proteins; D002338:Carotenoids; D010088:Oxidoreductases; C097153:zeaxanthin epoxidase; C022398:phytoene dehydrogenase; D019745:cis-trans-Isomerases