title: Effects of phenazine-1-carboxylic acid on the biology of the plant-pathogenic bacterium Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae.
abstract: Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) is the casual agent of bacterial blight, which is one of the most serious diseases of rice. The antibiotic phenazine-1-carboxylic acid (PCA), which is primarily produced by Pseudomonas spp., was found and previously reported very effective against Xoo. However, the biological effects of PCA on Xoo remain unclear. In this study, we found that PCA increased the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reduced the activities of catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in Xoo. Xoo was more sensitive to H2O2 than Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola (Xoc), and had a much lower expression of CAT genes. In addition, proteomic analysis indicated that PCA inhibited carbohydrate metabolism and nutrient uptake in Xoo, and analysis of carbon source utilization further confirmed that carbohydrate metabolism in Xoo was repressed by PCA. In conclusion, PCA acted as a redox-cycling agent that disturbed the redox balance in Xoo and reduced CAT and SOD activities, resulting in higher accumulation of ROS, altered carbohydrate metabolism, and lower energy production and nutrient uptake. Moreover, a deficient antioxidant system in Xoo made it very sensitive to PCA.
authors.affiliation: College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Key Laboratory of Pesticide, Nanjing Agricultural University, Jiangsu Province, China.
authors.forename: Shu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Key Laboratory of Pesticide, Nanjing Agricultural University, Jiangsu Province, China.
authors.forename: Xiayan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.affiliation: College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Key Laboratory of Pesticide, Nanjing Agricultural University, Jiangsu Province, China.
authors.forename: Jianying
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.affiliation: College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Key Laboratory of Pesticide, Nanjing Agricultural University, Jiangsu Province, China.
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Key Laboratory of Pesticide, Nanjing Agricultural University, Jiangsu Province, China.
authors.forename: Zehua
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Key Laboratory of Pesticide, Nanjing Agricultural University, Jiangsu Province, China.
authors.forename: Xiaoyu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Yawen
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Key Laboratory of Pesticide, Nanjing Agricultural University, Jiangsu Province, China. Electronic address: mgzhou@njau.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Mingguo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhou
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D050260:Carbohydrate Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects; D002374:Catalase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015964:Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial / Q000187:drug effects; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000494:pharmacology; D010619:Phenazines / Q000494:pharmacology; D020543:Proteome; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D014974:Xanthomonas / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D010619:Phenazines; D020543:Proteome; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; C037165:1-phenazinecarboxylic acid; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D002374:Catalase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase
keywords: Biological effects; Phenazine-1-carboxylic acid; Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae