title: Evaluation of human periimplant soft tissues around nonsubmerged machined standard and platform-switched abutments.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study evaluated the effect of the platform-switching phenomenon, the use of a smaller diameter abutment on a larger diameter implant platform. Clinical and histological outcomes of the periimplant mucosa around titanium abutments in a nonsubmerged implant were evaluated.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten healthy adult patients, ranging from 27 to 65 years, participated in the study. A minimum of 2 endosseous implants with immediate abutment connection was placed per patient, 1 conventional and 1 platform-switched abutment. All sites for implant placement had an adequate zone of keratinized mucosa before surgical intervention.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No clinical signs of inflammation were observed in the periimplant soft tissue mucosa, and healing was uneventful throughout the study period. Histological findings showed abnormally thick stratified squamous epithelium for both groups with few inflammatory cells in the connective tissue and none on the surface of the epithelium.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Histological findings for both conventional and platform-switched implant-abutment configurations showed a similar composition of the soft tissue. These findings were in direct agreement with previous studies.
authors.affiliation: *Professor, Department of Periodontology, Pontificia Universidad Católica Madre y Maestra, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic. †Clinical Assistant Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY. ‡Resident, Department of Periodontology, Pontificia Universidad Católica Madre y Maestra, Santo Domingo, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic. §Associate Professor, Department of Biomaterials and Biomimetics; Director for Research, Department of Periodontology and Implant Dentistry, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY. ‖Adjunct Assistant Professor, Department of Biomaterials and Biomimetics, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY.
authors.forename: James R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Collins
authors.forename: Robert W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Berg
authors.forename: Mabel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rodríguez
authors.forename: Isis
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Rodríguez
authors.forename: Paulo G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Coelho
authors.forename: Nick
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tovar
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000044:Dental Abutments / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003758:Dental Implantation, Endosseous / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D015921:Dental Implants / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D005881:Gingiva / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009061:Mouth Mucosa / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D015921:Dental Implants