title: The impact of tics, obsessive-compulsive symptoms, and impulsivity on global functioning in Tourette syndrome.
abstract: This study investigated the relationships between tics, obsessive-compulsive symptoms (OCS), and impulsivity, and their effects on global functioning in Japanese patients with Tourette syndrome (TS), using the dimensional approach for OCS. Fifty-three TS patients were assessed using the Yale Global Tic Severity Scale, the Dimensional Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale, the Impulsivity Rating Scale, and the Global Assessment of Functioning Scale. Although tic severity scores were significantly and positively correlated with OCS severity scores, impulsivity severity scores were not significantly correlated with either. The global functioning score was significantly and negatively correlated with tic and OCS severity scores. Of the 6 dimensional OCS scores, only aggression scores had a significant negative correlation with global functioning scores. A stepwise multiple regression analysis showed that only OCS severity scores were significantly associated with global functioning scores. Despite a moderate correlation between tic severity and OCS severity, the impact of OCS on global functioning was greater than that of tics. Of the OCS dimensions, only aggression had a significant impact on global functioning. Our findings suggest that it is important to examine OCS using a dimensional approach when analyzing global functioning in TS patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Child Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bukyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan. Electronic address: kano-tky@umin.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Yukiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kano
authors.affiliation: Department of Forensic Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Toshiaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kono
authors.affiliation: Department of Child Psychiatry, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Natsumi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Matsuda
authors.affiliation: Course of Clinical Psychology, Graduate School of Education, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Maiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nonaka
authors.affiliation: Disability Services Office, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Hitoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kuwabara
authors.affiliation: Division for Counseling and Support, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Takafumi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shimada
authors.affiliation: Komagino Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Kurie
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shishikura
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Japan.
authors.forename: Chizue
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Konno
authors.affiliation: Institute for Development of Mind and Behavior, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Masataka
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ohta
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000374:Aggression / Q000502:physiology*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015897:Comorbidity; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007175:Impulsive Behavior / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D009771:Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D005879:Tourette Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Comorbidities; Dimensions; Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)