title: Stress, burnout, and job satisfaction in 470 health professionals in 98 apheresis units in Italy: A SIdEM collaborative study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In Italian and international background, there are no studies focusing on stress, burnout indicators, and job satisfaction in health professionals working in the apheresis units. This study aims to fill this void both for scientific and clinical reasons.
  
  
  METHODS
  The participants were 470 health professionals (220 physicians, 250 nurses), mostly female (73.4%), with an average age of 48.09 (with the 5° percentile under 32 years and the 95° percentile over 60), working in the Apheresis Units in the North (228), in the Center (131) and in the Southern-islands of Italy (111). The health professionals' years on the job were principally between one and 10 years (40.2%) or from 11 to 20 years (33.2%). The prevalent activity was therapeutic apheresis (48.5%). The self-report questionnaires were proposed electronically by a protected online site.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Important stress levels were identified in the health professionals. Physicians principally showed medium (47.5%) and high (35.8%) stress levels. Stress levels of nurses were mostly low (57.7%) or medium (25.7%). Female gender in nurses [t(268) = -3.29; P = 0.001] and in physician professions [t(217) = -3.01; P = 0.03] was a risk factor for stress. Both job categories were placed at a high risk level for burnout syndrome comparing with normative scales, especially the health professionals working in the center of Italy for the scales "Emotional exhaustion" [F(2) = 4.39; P = 0.013] and "Professional inefficacy" [F(2) = 4.38; P = 0.013].
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Health professionals working in the apheresis unit show high stress levels and burnout risk. New preventive programs and specific clinical interventions should be constructed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Child and Woman Health, Oncology Hematology Division, University Hospital of Padova, Italy.
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tremolada
authors.affiliation: Department of Child and Woman Health, Oncology Hematology Division, University Hospital of Padova, Italy.
authors.forename: Simone
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Schiavo
authors.affiliation: Department of Transfusion Medicine, Therapeutic Apheresis Unit, University Hospital of Padova, Italy.
authors.forename: Tiziana
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tison
authors.affiliation: Italian Society of Hemapheresis and Cell Manipulation (SIdEM), Italy.
authors.forename: Emilia
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sormano
authors.affiliation: Apheresis Unit, Blood Transfusion Service, University Hospital of Padova, Italy.
authors.forename: Giustina
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: De Silvestro
authors.affiliation: Apheresis Unit, Blood Transfusion Service, University Hospital of Padova, Italy.
authors.forename: Piero
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Marson
authors.affiliation: Italian Society of Hemapheresis and Cell Manipulation (SIdEM), Italy.
authors.forename: Luca
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pierelli
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D001781:Blood Component Removal / Q000451:nursing; D002055:Burnout, Professional / Q000453:epidemiology*; D004644:Emotions; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy; D007588:Job Satisfaction; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009726:Nurses / Q000523:psychology*; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000523:psychology*; D010820:Physicians / Q000523:psychology*; D010822:Physicians, Women / Q000523:psychology; D057566:Self Report; D012737:Sex Factors; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: apheresis units; burnout; health professionals; job satisfaction; stress