title: Serum ferritin correlates with Glasgow coma scale scores and fatal outcome after severe traumatic brain injury.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) is associated with a 30-70% mortality rate. Nevertheless, in clinical practice there are no effective biomarkers for the prediction of fatal outcome following severe TBI. Therefore, the aim was to determine whether ferritin serum levels are associated with ICU mortality in patients with severe TBI.
  
  
  METHODS
  This prospective study enrolled 69 male patients who suffered severe TBI [Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) 3-8 at emergency room admission]. The serum ferritin protein level was determined at ICU admission (mean 5.6 ± 2.5 hours after emergency room admission).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Severe TBI was associated with a 39% mortality rate. Higher serum ferritin concentrations were significantly associated with lower hospital admission GCS scores (p = 0.049). Further, there was a significant association between higher ferritin concentrations and fatal outcome (289.5 ± 27.1 µg L(-1) for survivors and 376.5 ± 31.5 µg L(-1) for non-survivors, respectively, mean ± SEM, p = 0.032).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Increased serum ferritin levels were associated with lower hospital admission GCS scores and predicted short-term fatal outcome following severe TBI.
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular Aplicada à Saúde .
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Simon
authors.forename: Josi Mara Botome
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Nicol
authors.forename: Sabrina
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sabino da Silva
authors.forename: Camila
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Graziottin
authors.forename: Patrícia Corso
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Silveira
authors.forename: Nilo
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ikuta
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Regner
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000097:blood* / Q000401:mortality*; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D000066891:Critical Care Outcomes; D005293:Ferritins / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D005293:Ferritins
keywords: Biomarker; ferritin; outcome; traumatic brain injury