title: Proposed therapeutic strategy for adult low-grade glioma based on aggressive tumor resection.
abstract: OBJECT There is no standard therapeutic strategy for low-grade glioma (LGG). The authors hypothesized that adjuvant therapy might not be necessary for LGG cases in which total radiological resection was achieved. Accordingly, they established a treatment strategy based on the extent of resection (EOR) and the MIB-1 index: patients with a high EOR and low MIB-1 index were observed without postoperative treatment, whereas those with a low EOR and/or high MIB-1 index received radiotherapy (RT) and/or chemotherapy. In the present retrospective study, the authors reviewed clinical data on patients with primarily diagnosed LGGs who had been treated according to the above-mentioned strategy, and they validated the treatment policy. Given their results, they will establish a new treatment strategy for LGGs stratified by EOR, histological subtype, and molecular status. METHODS One hundred fifty-three patients with diagnosed LGG who had undergone resection or biopsy at Tokyo Women's Medical University between January 2000 and August 2010 were analyzed. The patients consisted of 84 men and 69 women, all with ages ≥ 15 years. A total of 146 patients underwent surgical removal of the tumor, and 7 patients underwent biopsy. RESULTS Postoperative RT and nitrosourea-based chemotherapy were administered in 48 and 35 patients, respectively. Extent of resection was significantly associated with both overall survival (OS; p = 0.0096) and progression-free survival (PFS; p = 0.0007) in patients with diffuse astrocytoma but not in those with oligodendroglial subtypes. Chemotherapy significantly prolonged PFS, especially in patients with oligodendroglial subtypes (p = 0.0009). Patients with a mutant IDH1 gene had significantly longer OS (p = 0.034). Multivariate analysis did not identify MIB-1 index or RT as prognostic factors, but it did identify chemotherapy as a prognostic factor for PFS and EOR as a prognostic factor for OS and PFS. CONCLUSIONS The findings demonstrated that EOR was significantly correlated with patient survival; thus, one should aim for maximum tumor resection. In addition, patients with a higher EOR can be safely observed without adjuvant therapy. For patients with partial resection, postoperative chemotherapy should be administered for those with oligodendroglial subtypes, and repeat resection should be considered for those with astrocytic tumors. More aggressive treatment with RT and chemotherapy may be required for patients with a poor prognosis, such as those with diffuse astrocytoma, 1p/19q nondeleted tumors, or IDH1 wild-type oligodendroglial tumors with partial resection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery;
authors.forename: Masayuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nitta
authors.forename: Yoshihiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Muragaki
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Maruyama
authors.forename: Soko
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ikuta
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Komori
authors.forename: Katsuya
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Maebayashi
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Iseki
authors.forename: Manabu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tamura
authors.forename: Taiichi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.forename: Saori
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Okamoto
authors.forename: Mikhail
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chernov
authors.forename: Motohiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hayashi
authors.forename: Yoshikazu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Okada
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001254:Astrocytoma / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000601:surgery*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D005910:Glioma / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D060787:Neoplasm Grading; D019635:Neurosurgical Procedures / Q000379:methods; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: ACNU = nimustine hydrochloride; EOR = extent of resection; EORTC = European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer; LGG = low-grade glioma; OS = overall survival; PCV = procarbazine, lomustine, vincristine; PFS = progression-free survival; RT = radiotherapy; low-grade glioma; surgical resection; survival; therapeutic strategy; tumor subtype