title: Antiatherosclerotic effect of korean red ginseng extract involves regulator of g-protein signaling 5.
abstract: Regulator of G-protein signaling 5 (RGS5), an inhibitor of Gα(q) and Gα(i) activation, has been reported to have antiatherosclerosis. Previous studies showed antiatherosclerotic effect of Korean red ginseng water extract (KRGE) via multiple signaling pathways. However, potential protective effect of KRGE through RGS5 expression has not been elucidated. Here, we investigated the antiatherosclerotic effect of KRGE in vivo and in vitro and its role on RGS5 mRNA expression. Elevated levels of total cholesterol, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and triglyceride (TG) in western diet groups of low-density lipoprotein receptor deficient LDLr(-/-) mice were reversed by oral administration of KRGE. KRGE suppressed transcriptional activity of tumor necrotic factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and leptin in adipose tissue. It also potently repressed western diet-induced atheroma formation in aortic sinus. While KRGE showed reduced mRNA expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells, it enhanced mRNA expression of RGS5. Moreover, RGS5 siRNA transfection of microglia cells pretreated with KRGE reversed its inhibitory effect on the expression of iNOS, COX-2, and IL-1β mRNA. In conclusion, KRGE showed antiatherosclerotic and anti-inflammatory effects in western diet fed LDLr(-/-) mice and this effect could partly be mediated by RGS5 expression.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology and Cell Signaling, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Eun Ju
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Im
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resource, Debre Markos University, P.O. Box 269, Debre Markos, Ethiopia.
authors.forename: Taddesse
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-9412-5995
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yayeh
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Veterinary Histology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Sang-Joon
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Institute of Traditional Medicine & Bioscience, Daejeon University, Daejeon 300-716, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Seung-Hyung
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu 700-422, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Youn-Kyoung
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Goo
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Chungbuk Health & Science University, Chungbuk 363-794, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Seung-Bok
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology and Cell Signaling, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Young Min
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Son
authors.affiliation: Research Center, Dongnam Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Busan 619-953, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Sung Dae
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology and Cell Signaling, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Man Hee
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Rhee