title: Magnetic solid phase extraction of gemfibrozil from human serum and pharmaceutical wastewater samples utilizing a β-cyclodextrin grafted graphene oxide-magnetite nano-hybrid.
abstract: A magnetic solid phase extraction method based on β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) grafted graphene oxide (GO)/magnetite (Fe3O4) nano-hybrid as an innovative adsorbent was developed for the separation and pre-concentration of gemfibrozil prior to its determination by spectrofluorometry. The as-prepared β-CD/GO/Fe3O4 nano-hybrid possesses the magnetism property of Fe3O4 nano-particles that makes it easily manipulated by an external magnetic field. On the other hand, the surface modification of GO by β-CD leads to selective separation of the target analyte from sample matrices. The structure and morphology of the synthesized adsorbent were characterized using powder X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and field emission scanning electron microscopy. The experimental factors affecting the extraction/pre-concentration and determination of the analyte were investigated and optimized. Under the optimized experimental conditions, the calibration graph was linear in the range between 10 and 5000 pg mL(-1) with a correlation coefficient of 0.9989. The limit of detection and enrichment factor for gemfibrozil were 3 pg mL(-1) and 100, respectively. The maximum sorption capacity of the adsorbent for gemfibrozil was 49.8 mg g(-1). The method was successfully applied to monitoring gemfibrozil in human serum and pharmaceutical wastewaters samples with recoveries in the range of 96.0-104.0% for the spiked samples.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, 35 Km Tabriz-Marageh Road, PO Box 53714-161, Tabriz, Iran. Electronic address: h.abdol@azaruniv.edu.
authors.forename: Hossein
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Abdolmohammad-Zadeh
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, 35 Km Tabriz-Marageh Road, PO Box 53714-161, Tabriz, Iran.
authors.forename: Zeynab
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Talleb
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D004345:Drug Industry; D052203:Ferrosoferric Oxide / Q000737:chemistry*; D015248:Gemfibrozil / Q000032:analysis* / Q000097:blood; D006108:Graphite / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D000960:Hypolipidemic Agents / Q000032:analysis* / Q000097:blood; D007220:Industrial Waste; D060328:Magnetic Phenomena; D049329:Nanostructures / Q000737:chemistry; D010087:Oxides / Q000737:chemistry; D052616:Solid Phase Extraction; D062065:Wastewater / Q000032:analysis; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*; D047392:beta-Cyclodextrins / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D052203:Ferrosoferric Oxide; D015248:Gemfibrozil; D006108:Graphite; D000960:Hypolipidemic Agents; D007220:Industrial Waste; D010087:Oxides; D062065:Wastewater; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D047392:beta-Cyclodextrins; C031215:betadex
keywords: Beta-cyclodextrin; Gemfibrozil; Graphene oxide; Magnetic nano-particles; Magnetic solid phase extraction; Spectrofluorometry