title: Anti-inflammatory effect of natural and semi-synthetic phthalides.
abstract: This study evaluated the potential anti-inflammatory effects of natural phthalides, isolated from Ligusticum porteri, and of semi-synthetic phthalides. Anti-inflammatory activity was investigated in two mouse models; one with ear edema, induced with 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate, and the other with paw edema, induced with carrageenan. The effect on the RAW 264.7 stimulated with lipopolysaccharide cells was evaluated and after application of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate, the activity of myeloperoxidase was assessed to serve as an index of leukocytes infiltration together with the histological evaluations. We also assessed the inhibition of cyclooxygenases 1 and 2 in vitro. Our results demonstrated that administration of semi-synthetic phthalides significantly inhibited the ear edema induced by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate, and reduced the paw edema caused by carrageenan. The anti-inflammatory activity of phthalides could, in part, be explained by the reduction in myeloperoxidase activity and the infiltration of leukocytes. The semi-synthetic phthalides also inhibited the production of oxide nitric in RAW cells.
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Química de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, 04510 México, D.F, México. Electronic address: mayela.delangelm@comunidad.unam.mx.
authors.forename: Mayela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Del-Ángel
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Química de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, 04510 México, D.F, México.
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nieto
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Química de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, 04510 México, D.F, México.
authors.forename: Teresa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ramírez-Apan
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Química de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, 04510 México, D.F, México. Electronic address: delgado@unam.mx.
authors.forename: Guillermo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Delgado
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001572:Benzofurans / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001688:Biological Products / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002351:Carrageenan / Q000009:adverse effects; D051545:Cyclooxygenase 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004487:Edema / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D007249:Inflammation / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000378:metabolism; D009573:Nitrites / Q000378:metabolism; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D000067996:RAW 264.7 Cells; D012867:Skin / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D001572:Benzofurans; D001688:Biological Products; D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors; D009573:Nitrites; C082022:phthalide; D002351:Carrageenan; D009195:Peroxidase; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D051545:Cyclooxygenase 1; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate
keywords: 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate; Carrageenan; Inflammation; Myeloperoxidase; Oxide nitric synthase; Semi-synthetic phthalides; Z-ligustilide (PubChem CID: 529865); diligustilide (PubChem CID: 70698035); tokinolide B (PubChem CID: 70681959)