title: Effect of tongluojiunao injection made from sanqi (Radix Notoginseng) and zhizi (Fructus Gardeniae) on brain microvascular endothelial cells and astrocytes in an in vitro ischemic model.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore the effect of Tongluojiunao injection (TLJN) prepared with Sanqi (Radix Notoginseng) and Zhizi (Fructus Gardeniae) on the interaction between brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs) and astrocytes in an in vitro ischemic model.
  
  
  METHODS
  First, an in vitro model of cerebral ischemia in BMECs or astrocytes was established by oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD). TLJN was used as a medicine of intervention. The OGD-injured BMECs were cultured in various astrocyte-conditioned media. Cell activity, alkaline phosphatase (AKP) and γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (γ-GT) activity, interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) content in BMECs were determined. Additionally, OGD-injured astrocytes were cultured in various BMEC-conditioned media. Cell activity, as well as expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) in astrocytes, were detected.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results of paracrine signaling of normal BMECs or astrocytes showed a protective effect on each other: conditioned media from normal astrocytes improved cell viability, AKP, and γ-GT activity, and reduced IL-1β and TNF-α content of injured BMECs; conditioned media from normal BMECs improved cell viability and expression of BDNF and GDNF in injured astrocytes. However, once the BMECs or astrocytes were injured by OGD, the protective effect decreased or disappeared. The above-mentioned protective induction was effectively recovered by TLJN intervention.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The therapeutic benefit of TLJN was achieved by recovering two-way induction between BMECs and astrocytes, enhancing activity of injured BMECs and astrocytes, stabilizing enzymatic barriers, promoting expression of neurotrophic factors, and inhibiting inflammatory cytokines.
authors.forename: Weihong
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Xingguang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Qinghong
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Du
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Yuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Liangqin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wan
authors.forename: Fanghe
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Sai
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001253:Astrocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D001921:Brain / Q000098:blood supply / Q000187:drug effects; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D019208:Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor / Q000378:metabolism; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D032062:Gardenia / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D055806:Microvessels / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D053723:Panax notoginseng / Q000737:chemistry*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D019208:Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C587496:sanqi