title: HIV Prevalence and Awareness of Positive Serostatus Among Men Who Have Sex With Men and Transgender Women in Bogotá, Colombia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We estimated HIV prevalence among men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender women in Bogotá, Colombia, and explored differences between HIV-positive individuals who are aware and unaware of their serostatus.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this cross-sectional 2011 study, we used respondent-driven sampling (RDS) to recruit 1000 MSM and transgender women, who completed a computerized questionnaire and received an HIV test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The RDS-adjusted prevalence was 12.1% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 8.7, 15.8), comparable to a previous RDS-derived estimate. Among HIV-positive participants, 39.7% (95% CI = 25.0, 54.8) were aware of their serostatus and 60.3% (95% CI = 45.2, 75.5) were unaware before this study. HIV-positive-unaware individuals were more likely to report inadequate insurance coverage, exchange sex (i.e., sexual intercourse in exchange for money, goods, or services), and substance use than other participants. HIV-positive-aware participants were least likely to have had condomless anal intercourse in the previous 3 months. Regardless of awareness, HIV-positive participants reported more violence and forced relocation experiences than HIV-negative participants.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is an urgent need to increase HIV detection among MSM and transgender women in Bogotá. HIV-positive-unaware group characteristics suggest an important role for structural, social, and individual interventions.
authors.affiliation: Maria Cecilia Zea, Carol A. Reisen, Ana María del Río-González, Fernanda T. Biachi, and Paul J. Poppen are with George Washington University, Washington, DC. Jesus Ramirez-Valles is with the University of Illinois, Chicago.
authors.forename: Maria Cecilia
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Zea
authors.affiliation: Maria Cecilia Zea, Carol A. Reisen, Ana María del Río-González, Fernanda T. Biachi, and Paul J. Poppen are with George Washington University, Washington, DC. Jesus Ramirez-Valles is with the University of Illinois, Chicago.
authors.forename: Carol A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Reisen
authors.affiliation: Maria Cecilia Zea, Carol A. Reisen, Ana María del Río-González, Fernanda T. Biachi, and Paul J. Poppen are with George Washington University, Washington, DC. Jesus Ramirez-Valles is with the University of Illinois, Chicago.
authors.forename: Ana María
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: del Río-González
authors.affiliation: Maria Cecilia Zea, Carol A. Reisen, Ana María del Río-González, Fernanda T. Biachi, and Paul J. Poppen are with George Washington University, Washington, DC. Jesus Ramirez-Valles is with the University of Illinois, Chicago.
authors.forename: Fernanda T
authors.initials: FT
authors.lastname: Bianchi
authors.affiliation: Maria Cecilia Zea, Carol A. Reisen, Ana María del Río-González, Fernanda T. Biachi, and Paul J. Poppen are with George Washington University, Washington, DC. Jesus Ramirez-Valles is with the University of Illinois, Chicago.
authors.forename: Jesus
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ramirez-Valles
authors.affiliation: Maria Cecilia Zea, Carol A. Reisen, Ana María del Río-González, Fernanda T. Biachi, and Paul J. Poppen are with George Washington University, Washington, DC. Jesus Ramirez-Valles is with the University of Illinois, Chicago.
authors.forename: Paul J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Poppen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D003105:Colombia / Q000453:epidemiology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D006679:HIV Seropositivity / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D006716:Homosexuality / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012725:Sexual Behavior / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D063106:Transgender Persons / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D055815:Young Adult