title: Magnification endoscopy in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: a review of the intrapapillary capillary loop classification.
abstract: Recent developments in image-enhancement technology have enabled clear visualization of the microvascular structure of the esophageal mucosa. In particular, intrapapillary capillary loops (IPCLs) are observed as brown loops on magnification endoscopy with narrow-band imaging (NBI). IPCLs demonstrate characteristic morphological changes according to the structural irregularity of esophageal epithelium and cancer infiltration, summarized in the IPCL classification. In this review, the process from the first endoscopic description of IPCLs to the eventual development of the IPCL classification is described and discussed, particularly focusing on early stage squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus.
authors.affiliation: Digestive Disease Center, Showa University Koto-Toyosu Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (Haruhiro Inoue, Makoto Kaga, Haruo Ikeda, Chiaki Sato, Hiroki Sato, Hitomi Minami, Esperanza Grace Santi, Nikolas Eleftheriadis).
authors.forename: Haruhiro
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.affiliation: Digestive Disease Center, Showa University Koto-Toyosu Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (Haruhiro Inoue, Makoto Kaga, Haruo Ikeda, Chiaki Sato, Hiroki Sato, Hitomi Minami, Esperanza Grace Santi, Nikolas Eleftheriadis).
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kaga
authors.affiliation: Digestive Disease Center, Showa University Koto-Toyosu Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (Haruhiro Inoue, Makoto Kaga, Haruo Ikeda, Chiaki Sato, Hiroki Sato, Hitomi Minami, Esperanza Grace Santi, Nikolas Eleftheriadis).
authors.forename: Haruo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ikeda
authors.affiliation: Digestive Disease Center, Showa University Koto-Toyosu Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (Haruhiro Inoue, Makoto Kaga, Haruo Ikeda, Chiaki Sato, Hiroki Sato, Hitomi Minami, Esperanza Grace Santi, Nikolas Eleftheriadis).
authors.forename: Chiaki
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.affiliation: Digestive Disease Center, Showa University Koto-Toyosu Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (Haruhiro Inoue, Makoto Kaga, Haruo Ikeda, Chiaki Sato, Hiroki Sato, Hitomi Minami, Esperanza Grace Santi, Nikolas Eleftheriadis).
authors.forename: Hiroki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.affiliation: Digestive Disease Center, Showa University Koto-Toyosu Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (Haruhiro Inoue, Makoto Kaga, Haruo Ikeda, Chiaki Sato, Hiroki Sato, Hitomi Minami, Esperanza Grace Santi, Nikolas Eleftheriadis).
authors.forename: Hitomi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Minami
authors.affiliation: Digestive Disease Center, Showa University Koto-Toyosu Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (Haruhiro Inoue, Makoto Kaga, Haruo Ikeda, Chiaki Sato, Hiroki Sato, Hitomi Minami, Esperanza Grace Santi, Nikolas Eleftheriadis).
authors.forename: Esperanza Grace
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Santi
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London SE5 9RS, UK.
authors.forename: Bu'Hussain
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hayee
authors.affiliation: Digestive Disease Center, Showa University Koto-Toyosu Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (Haruhiro Inoue, Makoto Kaga, Haruo Ikeda, Chiaki Sato, Hiroki Sato, Hitomi Minami, Esperanza Grace Santi, Nikolas Eleftheriadis).
authors.forename: Nikolas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Eleftheriadis
keywords: Keywords intrapapillary capillary loop classification; endoscopic mucosal resection; endoscopic submucosal dissection; magnification endoscopy; narrow-band imaging