title: Detection of intermediates through high-resolution mass spectrometry for constructing biosynthetic pathways for major chemical constituents in a medicinally important herb, Swertia chirayita.
abstract: Swertia chirayita is an endangered medicinal herb widely used as an antidiabetic. It contains two major classes of metabolites, secoiridoids and xanthones, i.e. swertiamarin, mangiferin, amarogentin and amaroswerin. The biosynthetic pathways for these chemical constituents are not completely deciphered due to gaps and redundancy of routes proposed such as for mangiferin. The missing intermediates in pathways were detected through LC-ESI-QToF-HRMS/MS, including the detection of new secoiridoids, amaronitidin and gentiopicroside. The study also reports that the biosynthesis of amaronitidin occurs through the coupling of gentiopicroside and biphenyl acid derivatives such as amarogentin and amaroswerin. This study reports for the first time complete biosynthetic pathways for gentiopicroside, mangiferin, amarogentin, amaroswerin and amaronitidin in S. chirayita with the detection of intermediate metabolites iriflophenone, maclurin, deoxyloganic acid, loganic acid and 1,3,6,7-tetrahydroxy-9H-xanthen-9-one.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Pharmacy , Jaypee University of Information Technology , Waknaghat, Solan 173234 , Himachal Pradesh , India.
authors.forename: Varun
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: Hemant
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sood
authors.forename: Rajinder Singh
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Chauhan
mesh_terms: D053898:Biosynthetic Pathways; D005960:Glucosides / Q000737:chemistry; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000737:chemistry; D057888:Iridoid Glucosides / Q000737:chemistry; D039823:Iridoids / Q000737:chemistry*; D010946:Plants, Medicinal / Q000737:chemistry; D011714:Pyrans / Q000737:chemistry; D064210:Secondary Metabolism; D029967:Swertia / Q000737:chemistry*; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry; D044004:Xanthones / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D005960:Glucosides; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D057888:Iridoid Glucosides; D039823:Iridoids; D011714:Pyrans; D044004:Xanthones; C440052:amaronitidin; C012997:gentiopicroside; C013592:mangiferin; C102609:amarogentin
keywords: LC-MS; Swertia chirayita; amaronitidin; biosynthetic pathway; mangiferin