title: Sensitive monitoring of trace nitrophenols in water samples using multiple monolithic fiber solid phase microextraction and liquid chromatographic analysis.
abstract: In this work, a simple, efficient and environmentally friendly method-multiple monolithic fiber solid-phase microextraction (MMF-SPME) combining with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was first established for the determination of six trace nitrophenols in water samples. In order to prepare MMF-SPME, 1-allyl-3-methylimidazolium bis [(trifluoro methyl) sulfonyl] imide was co-polymerized with ethylene dimethacrylate to get single thin fiber (0.5 mm in diameter). Subsequently, four thin fibers were bound together to obtain the MMF-SPME. The effect of preparation conditions of MMF-SPME on the extraction performance was investigated in detail. In order to obtain the optimal extraction conditions of MMF-SPME for nitrophenols, several extractive parameters, including desorption solvent, extraction and desorption time, pH values and ionic strength in sample matrix were optimized. Under the optimum conditions, the linear ranges of 4-nitrophenol, 2,4-dinitrophenol, 5-methyl-2-nitrophenol, 5-methoxyl-2-nitrophenol were 0.5-200 µg/L and 1.0-200 µg/L for 2-nitrophenol and 4-tertbutyl-2-nitrophenol. The limits of detection (S/N=3) for the target analytes were 0.075-0.27 µg/L. At the same time, excellent method reproducibility was achieved in terms of intra- and inter-day precisions, indicated by the RSDs of both <10.0%, respectively. Finally, the proposed method was successfully used to detect nitrophenols in different environmental water samples. Satisfactory recoveries ranged from 82.6% to 116% and the RSDs for reproducibility were less than 10% for target analytes in all real samples.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystem, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
authors.forename: Meng
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mei
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystem, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China. Electronic address: hxj@xmu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Xiaojia
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystem, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystem, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
authors.forename: Dongxing
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Yuan
keywords: Enrichment; Monolith; Multiple monolithic fiber solid-phase microextraction; Nitrophenol; Water samples