title: Sex Differences in Spiritual Coping, Forgiveness, and Gratitude Before and After a Basic Alcohol Addiction Treatment Program.
abstract: The aim of the study was to examine the sex differences in the initial level of spiritual coping, forgiveness, and gratitude and changes occurring in these areas during a basic alcohol addiction treatment program. The study involved 112 persons, including 56 women and 56 men, who started and completed a basic alcohol addiction treatment program at day care units of 11 treatment centers. Two measurements were taken: one in the first week of the treatment, and one in the last week (5th-7th week after baseline). The Spiritual Coping Questionnaire, the Forgiveness Scale, and Gratitude Questionnaire were used. When starting the therapy, women had a higher level of negative spiritual coping (p = .024) and a lower level of forgiveness of others (p = .041) than men. During the therapy, positive changes in spiritual coping occurred in both sex groups, although in the case of women they involved improvements in more domains and they were stronger. The increase in the level of moral values (except for self-forgiveness) was noted solely in women. The study reveals the need to take sex differences into consideration when introducing spiritual elements into the therapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Chodakowska 19/31, 03-815, Warsaw, Poland, echarzynska@swps.edu.pl.
authors.forename: Edyta
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Charzyńska
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000328:Adult; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy*; D001290:Attitude; D005260:Female; D061347:Forgiveness; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D017678:Sex Distribution; D029181:Spirituality; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires