title: Comparison of strength training, aerobic training, and additional physical therapy as supplementary treatments for Parkinson's disease: pilot study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Physical rehabilitation is commonly used in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) to improve their health and alleviate the symptoms.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We compared the effects of three programs, strength training (ST), aerobic training (AT), and physiotherapy, on motor symptoms, functional capacity, and electroencephalographic (EEG) activity in PD patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-two patients were recruited and randomized into three groups: AT (70% of maximum heart rate), ST (80% of one repetition maximum), and physiotherapy (in groups). Subjects participated in their respective interventions twice a week for 12 weeks. The assessments included measures of disease symptoms (Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale [UPDRS]), functional capacity (Senior Fitness Test), and EEG before and after 12 weeks of intervention.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The PD motor symptoms (UPDRS-III) in the group of patients who performed ST and AT improved by 27.5% (effect size [ES]=1.25, confidence interval [CI]=-0.11, 2.25) and 35% (ES=1.34, CI=-0.16, 2.58), respectively, in contrast to the physiotherapy group, which showed a 2.9% improvement (ES=0.07, CI=-0.85, 0.99). Furthermore, the functional capacity of all three groups improved after the intervention. The mean frequency of the EEG analysis mainly showed the effect of the interventions on the groups (F=11.50, P=0.0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ST and AT in patients with PD are associated with improved outcomes in disease symptoms and functional capacity.
authors.affiliation: Centro de Doença de Alzheimer e Outros Transtornos da Velhice, Instituto de Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil ; Centro de Estudo e Pesquisa do Envelhecimento, Instituto Vital Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Carvalho
authors.affiliation: Centro de Doença de Alzheimer e Outros Transtornos da Velhice, Instituto de Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Dannyel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Barbirato
authors.affiliation: Centro de Doença de Alzheimer e Outros Transtornos da Velhice, Instituto de Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Narahyana
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Araujo
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Neurologia Deolindo Couto, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Jose Vicente
authors.initials: JV
authors.lastname: Martins
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Neurologia Deolindo Couto, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Jose Luiz Sá
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Cavalcanti
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Educação Física da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Pernambuco, Brazil.
authors.forename: Tony Meireles
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Epidemiologia e Métodos Quantitativos em saúde. Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública-FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Evandro S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Coutinho
authors.affiliation: Centro de Doença de Alzheimer e Outros Transtornos da Velhice, Instituto de Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil ; Centro de Estudo e Pesquisa do Envelhecimento, Instituto Vital Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Jerson
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Laks
authors.affiliation: Centro de Doença de Alzheimer e Outros Transtornos da Velhice, Instituto de Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Andrea C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Deslandes
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000368:Aged; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000379:methods; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005684:Gait; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D026741:Physical Therapy Modalities; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011788:Quality of Life; D055070:Resistance Training / Q000379:methods*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D016138:Walking
keywords: Parkinson’s disease; functional capacity; physical exercise; physical therapy; quality of life