title: Motivational Interviewing Skills in Health Care Encounters (MISHCE): Development and psychometric testing of an assessment tool.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Motivational interviewing (MI) has demonstrated a significant impact as an intervention strategy for addiction management, change in lifestyle behaviors, and adherence to prescribed medication and other treatments. Key elements to studying MI include training in MI of professionals who will use it, assessment of skills acquisition in trainees, and the use of a validated skills assessment tool.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this research project was to develop a psychometrically valid and reliable tool that has been designed to assess MI skills competence in health care provider trainees. The goal was to develop an assessment tool that would evaluate the acquisition and use of specific MI skills and principles, as well as the quality of the patient-provider therapeutic alliance in brief health care encounters.
  
  
  METHODS
  To address this purpose, specific steps were followed, beginning with a literature review. This review contributed to the development of relevant conceptual and operational definitions, selecting a scaling technique and response format, and methods for analyzing validity and reliability. Internal consistency reliability was established on 88 video recorded interactions. The inter-rater and test-retest reliability were established using randomly selected 18 from the 88 interactions. The assessment tool Motivational Interviewing Skills for Health Care Encounters (MISHCE) and a manual for use of the tool were developed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Validity and reliability of MISHCE were examined. Face and content validity were supported with well-defined conceptual and operational definitions and feedback from an expert panel. Reliability was established through internal consistency, inter-rater reliability, and test-retest reliability. The overall internal consistency reliability (Cronbach's alpha) for all fifteen items was 0.75. MISHCE demonstrated good inter-rater reliability and good to excellent test-retest reliability.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MISHCE assesses the health provider's level of knowledge and skills in brief disease management encounters. MISHCE also evaluates quality of the patient-provider therapeutic alliance, i.e., the "flow" of the interaction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, Chicago State University, Chicago, IL, USA. Electronic address: tpetrova@csu.edu.
authors.forename: Tatjana
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Petrova
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Outcomes Research and Policy, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA.
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kavookjian
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, College of Education and Psychology, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, USA.
authors.forename: Michael B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Madson
authors.affiliation: Department of Professional Studies, College of Education, University of Southern Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA.
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dagley
authors.affiliation: Department of Educational Foundations, Leadership, & Technology, College of Education, Auburn University, AL, USA.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Shannon
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA.
authors.forename: Sharon K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: McDonough
mesh_terms: D002983:Clinical Competence; D003695:Delivery of Health Care; D019468:Disease Management; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006282:Health Personnel; D006801:Humans; D062405:Motivational Interviewing; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000379:methods*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results
keywords: Behavioral change; Health care; MISHCE; Motivational interviewing; Skills assessment