title: Magnetic resonance arthrography of the glenohumeral joint: ultrasonography-guided technique using a posterior approach.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy and feasibility of ultrasound (US)-guided magnetic resonance (MR) arthrography of the glenohumeral joint via a posterior approach.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-four patients (18 males and 16 females) who were suspected to have glenohumeral joint pathology were examined using MR arthrography. The patients ranged in age from 21 to 85 years, and the average age was 45±15.9 years. A Toshiba Xario US unit was utilized. Ultrasonography examinations were conducted using a broad-band 5-12 MHz linear array transducer. Gadolinium was injected into the shoulder joint using an 18-20 gauge needle. MR imaging was performed within the first 30 min after the injection.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The injection of gadolinium into the shoulder joint was successfully accomplished in all 34 patients. Major contrast media extravasation outside the joint was depicted in only two patients (5.9%). No major complications were encountered.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ultrasonography is an effective alternate guidance technique for the injection of gadolinium into the glenohumeral joint for MR arthrography. US-guided arthrography via a posterior approach to the glenohumeral joint is safe, accurate, well tolerated by patients and easy to perform with minimal training.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey.
authors.forename: Hayri
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ogul
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ummugulsum
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Bayraktutan
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey.
authors.forename: Omer Selim
authors.initials: OS
authors.lastname: Yildirim
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Baskent University, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Selami
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Suma
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey.
authors.forename: Mesut
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ozgokce
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey.
authors.forename: Adnan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Okur
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey.
authors.forename: Mecit
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kantarci
keywords: Arthrography technique; MR arthrography; Shoulder; Ultrasound guided