title: HMG-CoA reductase inhibitory activity and phytocomponent investigation of Basella alba leaf extract as a treatment for hypercholesterolemia.
abstract: The enzyme 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase is the key enzyme of the mevalonate pathway that produces cholesterol. Inhibition of HMG-CoA reductase reduces cholesterol biosynthesis in the liver. Synthetic drugs, statins, are commonly used for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia. Due to the side effects of statins, natural HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors of plant origin are needed. In this study, 25 medicinal plant methanol extracts were screened for anti-HMG-CoA reductase activity. Basella alba leaf extract showed the highest inhibitory effect at about 74%. Thus, B. alba was examined in order to investigate its phytochemical components. Gas chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry and reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography analysis revealed the presence of phenol 2,6-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl), 1-heptatriacotanol, oleic acid, eicosyl ester, naringin, apigenin, luteolin, ascorbic acid, and α-tocopherol, which have been reported to possess antihypercholesterolemic effects. Further investigation of in vivo models should be performed in order to confirm its potential as an alternative treatment for hypercholesterolemia and related cardiovascular diseases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Gunasekaran
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Baskaran
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Shamala
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Salvamani
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Siti Aqlima
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Ahmad
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Noor Azmi
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Shaharuddin
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Parveen Devi
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Pattiram
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Mohd Yunus
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Shukor
mesh_terms: D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D056148:Chromatography, Reverse-Phase; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006937:Hypercholesterolemia / Q000188:drug therapy*; D019684:Magnoliopsida / Q000737:chemistry; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018515:Plant Leaves; D010946:Plants, Medicinal; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry
chemical_list: D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors; D010936:Plant Extracts
keywords: Basella alba; GC-MS/MS; HMG-CoA reductase; RP-HPLC; hypercholesterolemia; phytochemical