title: Historical trends of PBDEs and HBCDs in sediment cores from Sydney estuary, Australia.
abstract: This paper presents the first historical data on the occurrence of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and hexabromocyclododecane (HBCDs) in estuarine sediment from Australia. Sediment cores and surficial sediment samples were collected from four locations within Sydney estuary, Australia. Large increases in concentrations were observed for all compounds between 1980 and 2014, especially for BDE-209 (representative usage of Deca-BDE commercial mixture), which was found in surficial sediment at an average concentration of 42 ng/g dry wt (21-65 ng/g dry wt). PBDE congeners representative of both the Penta- and Octa-BDE commercial mixtures (∑6PBDEs) were also found in their highest concentrations in surficial sediments (average: 1.3 ng/g dry wt; range: 0.65-2.5 ng/g dry wt). PBDE concentrations in surficial sediments were relatively high when compared with those presented in the available literature. This suggests that their input into the Sydney estuary has not decreased since their bans almost a decade earlier. After a sharp increase in the 1990s, HBCD concentrations peaked at an average of 3.5 ng/g dry wt (1.8-5.3 ng/g dry wt) in surficial samples. With global legislation on HBCDs allowing its usage for the next 10 years, it is expected that its input into the estuary is likely to continue.
authors.affiliation: School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK; National Research Centre for Environmental Toxicology, 39 Kessels Road, Coopers Plains, QLD 4108, Australia. Electronic address: d.drage@uq.edu.au.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Drage
authors.affiliation: National Research Centre for Environmental Toxicology, 39 Kessels Road, Coopers Plains, QLD 4108, Australia.
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Mueller
authors.affiliation: Environmental Geology Group, School of Geosciences, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Birch
authors.affiliation: National Research Centre for Environmental Toxicology, 39 Kessels Road, Coopers Plains, QLD 4108, Australia.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Eaglesham
authors.affiliation: National Research Centre for Environmental Toxicology, 39 Kessels Road, Coopers Plains, QLD 4108, Australia.
authors.forename: L K
authors.initials: LK
authors.lastname: Hearn
authors.affiliation: School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Harrad
mesh_terms: D063366:Estuaries; D019015:Geologic Sediments / Q000737:chemistry*; D055768:Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers / Q000032:analysis*; D006842:Hydrocarbons, Brominated / Q000032:analysis*; D009517:New South Wales; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*; D014877:Water Pollution, Chemical / Q000706:statistics & numerical data
chemical_list: D055768:Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers; D006842:Hydrocarbons, Brominated; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C089796:hexabromocyclododecane; C010902:decabromobiphenyl ether
keywords: BDE-209; BFRs; HBCDDs; HBCDs; Historical trends; PBDEs; Sediment cores; Sediments