title: Children with atopic dermatitis show clinical improvement after Lactobacillus exposure.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The role of probiotics in the treatment of atopic dermatitis (AD) is not clearly established. Further clinical trials with new probiotic formulations are warranted.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess the effects of Lactobacillus paracasei (LP) and Lactobacillus fermentum (LF), and their mixture on the disease severity, quality of life, and immune biomarkers of children with AD.
  
  
  METHODS
  A double-blind, prospective, randomized placebo-controlled study was conducted on 220 children aged 1-18 years with moderate-to-severe AD (Trial number: NCT01635738). The children were randomized to receive LP, LF, LP + LF mixture, and placebo for 3 months. Changes in severity scoring of atopic dermatitis (SCORAD), Family Dermatology Life Quality Index (FDLQI), and Children's Dermatology Life Quality Index (CDLQI) scores in the different groups and at different visits were evaluated. Skin prick tests, levels of IgE, IFN-γ, IL-4, TGF-β, and TNF-α, and urine biomarkers were also evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Children who received LP, LF, and LP + LF mixture showed lower SCORAD scores than the placebo group (P < 0.001), and this difference remained even at 4 months after discontinuing the probiotics. The FDLQI and CDLQI scores were lower in the LP, LF, and LP + LF mixture group than in the placebo group (P = 0.02 and 0.03). IgE, TNF-α, urine eosinophilic protein X, and 8-OHdG levels decreased, whereas IFN-γ and TGF-β increased in the probiotic groups, but these did not reach statistical significance except for IL-4 (P = 0.04). In subgroup analyses, SCORAD scores significantly decreased after probiotic treatment especially in children younger than age 12, with breastfeeding > 6 months, and with mite sensitization (P < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Supplementation of a probiotic mixture of LP and LF is associated with clinical improvement in children with AD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Taipei Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei, Taiwan; College of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Health Risk Management, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: I-J
authors.initials: IJ
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: J-Y
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D003876:Dermatitis, Atopic / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology* / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007114:Immunization; D007073:Immunoglobulin E / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D007223:Infant; D007778:Lactobacillus / Q000276:immunology*; D008297:Male; D019936:Probiotics / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011788:Quality of Life; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D007073:Immunoglobulin E
keywords: SCORAD score; atopic dermatitis; clinical trial; probiotics