title: Maternal vitamin D and E intakes during early pregnancy are associated with airway epithelial cell responses in neonates.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Antenatal factors including maternal diet may predispose to airway disease, possibly by impacting on fetal airway development.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This cohort study tested the hypothesis that maternal vitamin D and E status in early pregnancy is associated with airway epithelial cell (AEC) responses in new born infants and examined constitutive and TNFα/IL-1β, house dust mite (HDM) extract or lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated neonatal AEC responses in vitro.
  
  
  METHODS
  Maternal dietary vitamin D and E intakes (plasma 25[OH]D3 or α-tocopherol) were characterized at 10-12 weeks gestation. Neonatal nasal AECs were collected soon after birth and cultured to tertiary passage. Constitutive and stimulated - TNFα/IL-1β, HDM extract or LPS - secretory responses (VEGF, RANTES, MCP-1, IL-17A, IFN-γ, GM-CSF, eotaxin, MIP1-α, MIP1-β, ICAM, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TNF) in 139 AEC cultures were quantified.
  
  
  RESULTS
  AEC mediator release was greater following TNF-α/IL-1β, HDM or LPS stimulation compared to constitutive release. Increased maternal dietary vitamin D was associated with significant increases in IL-10 release by AEC after stimulation with TNF-α/IL-1β (P = 0.024) or HDM (P = 0.049). Maternal plasma α-tocopherol at 10-12 weeks gestation was positively associated with MIP1α (Spearman's rho 0.242, P = 0.009) and IL-3 (ρ 0.189, P = 0.043) responses after TNF-α/IL-1β stimulation and negatively associated with TNF (ρ -0.404, P = 0.011) and MIP1β (ρ -0.322, P = 0.046) responses after LPS stimulation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Neonatal AECs respond to pro-inflammatory and allergenic stimuli in vitro demonstrating their potential to function as components of the innate immune response. Our findings suggest that associations exist between maternal micronutrient intake during early pregnancy and aspects of stimulated neonatal airway epithelial cell secretory function that may in turn impact on the development of asthma and/or allergic rhinitis in later life.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK.|Department of Child Health, Royal Aberdeen Children's Hospital, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK.
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.affiliation: Department of Child Health, Royal Aberdeen Children's Hospital, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK.
authors.forename: S W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Turner
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK.|Department of Child Health, Royal Aberdeen Children's Hospital, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Spiteri-Cornish
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK.
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Scaife
authors.affiliation: Aberdeen Maternity Hospital, Aberdeen, UK.
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Danielian
authors.affiliation: Department of Child Health, Royal Aberdeen Children's Hospital, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK.
authors.forename: G S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Devereux
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK.
authors.forename: G M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Walsh
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015331:Cohort Studies; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006967:Hypersensitivity / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism; D018811:Maternal Exposure; D011247:Pregnancy; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; D020545:Respiratory Mucosa / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D014807:Vitamin D; D014810:Vitamin E
keywords: airway epithelial cells; neonate; vitamin D; vitamin E