title: Self-stigma in psychiatric patients--standardization of the ISMI scale.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Self-stigma in psychiatric patients is an issue deserving both research and therapeutic attention. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of a Czech version of the Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness (ISMI) scale assessing the levels of self-stigma in individuals with mental disorders.
  
  
  METHODS
  It consists of 29 items classified into 5 subscales, namely alienation, stereotype endorsement, perceived discrimination, social withdrawal and stigma resistance. The study group comprised 369 patients with a mean age of 41.5±13.3 years, of whom 210 (56.6%) were females.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The most frequent diagnosis was neurotic disorders (46.1%), followed by affective disorders (18.4%), substance use disorders (13.3%), psychotic disorders (10.8%), personality disorders (9.5%) and organic disorders (1.6%). Reliability of the scale was evaluated by internal consistency analysis (α=0.91), the split-half method (Spearman-Brown coefficient: 0.93) and test-retest at 3 weeks from the first measurement (N=17; r=0.90, p<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Exploratory factor analysis of the scale was performed, its validity was verified and norms were established that were based on T-scores and sten scores for the entire scale and individual subscales. The Czech translation of the ISMI has adequate psychometric properties.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Olomouc, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Marie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ocisková
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Olomouc, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Ján
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Praško
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Olomouc, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Dana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kamarádová
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Olomouc, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Klára
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Látalová
authors.affiliation: Department of Foreign Languages, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University Olomouc, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Pavel
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kurfürst
authors.affiliation: Freelance language teacher, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Lenka
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Dostálová
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Olomouc, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cinculová
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Olomouc, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Radim
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kubínek
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Olomouc, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Barbora
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Mainerová
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Olomouc, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Kristýna
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Vrbová
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Olomouc, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Anežka
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ticháčková
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D018153:Czech Republic; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D019964:Mood Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology; D009497:Neurotic Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards*; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012649:Self Concept; D013240:Stereotyping; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology; D055815:Young Adult