title: Isolation and characterization of a "phiKMV-like" bacteriophage and its therapeutic effect on mink hemorrhagic pneumonia.
abstract: The objective of this study was to investigate the potential of using phages as a therapy against hemorrhagic pneumonia in mink both in vitro and in vivo. Five Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) strains were isolated from lungs of mink with suspected hemorrhagic pneumonia and their identity was confirmed by morphological observation and 16S rDNA sequence analysis. Compared to P. aeruginosa strains isolated from mink with hemorrhagic pneumonia in 2002, these isolates were more resistant to antibiotics selected. A lytic phage vB_PaeP_PPA-ABTNL (PPA-ABTNL) of the Podoviridae family was isolated from hospital sewage using a P. aeruginosa isolate as host, showing broad host range against P. aeruginosa. A one-step growth curve analysis of PPA-ABTNL revealed eclipse and latent periods of 20 and 35 min, respectively, with a burst size of about 110 PFU per infected cell. Phage PPA-ABTNL significantly reduced the growth of P. aeruginosa isolates in vitro. The genome of PPA-ABTNL was 43,227 bp (62.4% G+C) containing 54 open reading frames and lacked regions encoding known virulence factors, integration-related proteins and antibiotic resistance determinants. Genome architecture analysis showed that PPA-ABTNL belonged to the "phiKMV-like Viruses" group. A repeated dose inhalational toxicity study using PPA-ABTNL crude preparation was conducted in mice and no significantly abnormal histological changes, morbidity or mortality were observed. There was no indication of any potential risk associated with using PPA-ABTNL as a therapeutic agent. The results of a curative treatment experiment demonstrated that atomization by ultrasonic treatment could efficiently deliver phage to the lungs of mink and a dose of 10 multiplicity of infection was optimal for treating mink hemorrhagic pneumonia. Our work demonstrated the potential for phage to fight P. aeruginosa involved in mink lung infections when administered by means of ultrasonic nebulization.
authors.affiliation: School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, China.
authors.forename: Zhenhui
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.affiliation: School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, China.
authors.forename: Jiancheng
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Alberta Agriculture and Rural Development, Agriculture Centre, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada.
authors.forename: Yan D
authors.initials: YD
authors.lastname: Niu
authors.affiliation: School of Life Science, Datong University, Datong, Shanxi, China.
authors.forename: Naizhong
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.affiliation: College of Food Science and Engineering, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, Liaoning, China.
authors.forename: Yongsheng
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, China.
authors.forename: Fang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.affiliation: School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, China; Ministry of Education Center for Food Safety of Animal Origin, Dalian, Liaoning, China.
authors.forename: Liji
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.affiliation: School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, China.
authors.forename: Zhen
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, China; Ministry of Education Center for Food Safety of Animal Origin, Dalian, Liaoning, China.
authors.forename: Yongping
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004333:Drug Administration Routes / Q000662:veterinary; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D005822:Genetic Vectors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D016679:Genome, Viral; D051379:Mice; D008907:Mink / Q000382:microbiology*; D009330:Nebulizers and Vaporizers / Q000662:veterinary; D018410:Pneumonia, Bacterial / Q000382:microbiology / Q000628:therapy* / Q000662:veterinary; D017902:Podoviridae / Q000502:physiology*; D011552:Pseudomonas Infections / Q000628:therapy* / Q000662:veterinary; D011550:Pseudomonas aeruginosa / Q000145:classification / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000821:virology; D012722:Sewage / Q000821:virology
chemical_list: D012722:Sewage