title: Matrix metalloproteinases in liver injury, repair and fibrosis.
abstract: The liver is a large highly vascularized organ with a central function in metabolic homeostasis, detoxification, and immunity. Due to its roles, the liver is frequently exposed to various insults which can cause cell death and hepatic dysfunction. Alternatively, the liver has a remarkable ability to self-repair and regenerate after injury. Liver injury and regeneration have both been linked to complex extracellular matrix (ECM) related pathways. While normal degradation of ECM components is an important feature of tissue repair and remodeling, irregular ECM turnover contributes to a variety of liver diseases. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are the main enzymes implicated in ECM degradation. MMPs not only remodel the ECM, but also regulate immune responses. In this review, we highlight some of the MMP-attributed roles in acute and chronic liver injury and emphasize the need for further experimentation to better understand their functions during hepatic physiological conditions and disease progression.
authors.affiliation: The Dumont-UCLA Transplant Center, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
authors.forename: Sergio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Duarte
authors.affiliation: The Dumont-UCLA Transplant Center, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Baber
authors.affiliation: The Dumont-UCLA Transplant Center, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
authors.forename: Takehiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fujii
authors.affiliation: The Dumont-UCLA Transplant Center, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States. Electronic address: acoito@mednet.ucla.edu.
authors.forename: Ana J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Coito
mesh_terms: D005109:Extracellular Matrix / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008099:Liver / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology; D008107:Liver Diseases / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology*; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D019714:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases / Q000378:metabolism; D014945:Wound Healing
chemical_list: D019714:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases
keywords: Acute liver injury; Chronic liver injury; Extracellular matrix; Liver; Liver injury; Liver ischemia and reperfusion injury; Matrix metalloproteinases