title: Changes in awareness and use of calorie information after mandatory menu labeling in restaurants in King County, Washington.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We examined population-level impact on customer awareness and use and explored potential disparities in outcomes regarding the King County, Washington, regulation requiring chain restaurants to provide calorie information.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analyzed 2008 to 2010 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System data from 3132 English-speaking King County residents aged 18 years and older who reported eating at a regulated chain. We used regression models to assess changes in calorie information awareness and use from prepolicy to postpolicy implementation by customer demographics, health status, and restaurant type.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Calorie information awareness and use increased significantly from 2008 to 2010. Unadjusted analyses indicated that the proportion who saw and used calorie information tripled, from 8.1% to 24.8%. Fully adjusted analyses confirmed significant increases. After policy implementation, White, higher income, and obese respondents had greater odds of seeing calorie information. Women, higher income groups, and those eating at a fast-food versus a sit-down chain restaurant were more likely to use this information.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Significant increases in calorie information awareness and use following regulation support the population-wide value of this policy. However, improvements varied across race, income, and gender.
authors.affiliation: Roxana Chen, Michael Smyser, Nadine Chan, and Myduc Ta are with Public Health-Seattle & King County, Washington. James Krieger is with Action for Healthy Food, Washington. Brian E. Saelens is with Seattle Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Washington. Roxana Chen, Michael Smyser, Nadine Chan and James Krieger are also with the University of Washington, Seattle.
authors.forename: Roxana
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Smyser
authors.forename: Nadine
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: Myduc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ta
authors.forename: Brian E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Saelens
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Krieger
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D040343:Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003657:Decision Making; D002149:Energy Intake; D057140:Fast Foods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D005515:Food Labeling / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000628:therapy; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012147:Restaurants / Q000145:classification / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D017678:Sex Distribution; D012923:Social Class; D014861:Washington; D055815:Young Adult