title: A screening approach for classroom acoustics using web-based listening tests and subjective ratings.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Perception of speech is crucial in school where speech is the main mode of communication. The aim of the study was to evaluate whether a web based approach including listening tests and questionnaires could be used as a screening tool for poor classroom acoustics. The prime focus was the relation between pupils' comprehension of speech, the classroom acoustics and their description of the acoustic qualities of the classroom.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In total, 1106 pupils aged 13-19, from 59 classes and 38 schools in Sweden participated in a listening study using Hagerman's sentences administered via Internet. Four listening conditions were applied: high and low background noise level and positions close and far away from the loudspeaker. The pupils described the acoustic quality of the classroom and teachers provided information on the physical features of the classroom using questionnaires.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In 69% of the classes, at least three pupils described the sound environment as adverse and in 88% of the classes one or more pupil reported often having difficulties concentrating due to noise. The pupils' comprehension of speech was strongly influenced by the background noise level (p<0.001) and distance to the loudspeakers (p<0.001). Of the physical classroom features, presence of suspended acoustic panels (p<0.05) and length of the classroom (p<0.01) predicted speech comprehension. Of the pupils' descriptions of acoustic qualities, clattery significantly (p<0.05) predicted speech comprehension. Clattery was furthermore associated to difficulties understanding each other, while the description noisy was associated to concentration difficulties. The majority of classrooms do not seem to have an optimal sound environment. The pupil's descriptions of acoustic qualities and listening tests can be one way of predicting sound conditions in the classroom.
authors.affiliation: Occupational and Environmental Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
authors.forename: Kerstin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Persson Waye
authors.affiliation: Department for Clinical Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Section for Audiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
authors.forename: Lennart
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Magnusson
authors.affiliation: Occupational and Environmental Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
authors.forename: Sofie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fredriksson
authors.affiliation: Occupational and Environmental Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
authors.forename: Ilona
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Croy
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001307:Auditory Perception; D006801:Humans; D009623:Noise, Occupational / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D013061:Speech Acoustics; D013334:Students; D013548:Sweden; D055815:Young Adult