title: Lumbar nerve rootlet entrapment by an iatrogenically spliced percutaneous intra-thecal lumbar cerebrospinal fluid catheter.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Complications associated with the use of percutaneous intra-thecal lumbar indwelling spinal catheters include infection, hematoma, neurologic dysfunction, and persistent undesired retention among others. A case of iatrogenic splicing associated with neurologic dysfunction with the use of a percutaneous intra-thecal indwelling spinal catheter is presented in this study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Single case study review.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Review of case materials indicate Y pattern splicing/fragmentation of an indwelling intra-thecal catheter causing neurologic dysfunction and resistance to removal during attempted removal. Pain and weakness were evident soon after insertion of the catheter and were amplified with attempted catheter removal. Computed tomography revealed a double dot sign on axial view and a Y appearance on sagittal view. Surgical findings revealed entrapment of nerve rootlets in the axilla of the spliced catheter.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Splicing/fragmentation causing neurologic dysfunction as well as catheter retention is described as a potential complication of intra-thecal indwelling cerebrospinal fluid catheters. A symptom of fragmentation of a catheter may include neurologic dysfunction including pain and weakness of a lumbar nerve root. If resistance is experienced upon attempted catheter removal, with or without associated neurologic dysfunction, further attempts at removal should not be attempted. In those cases in which pain and/or lumbar weakness are evident post catheter placement and/or following attempted removal, computed tomography should be performed. If fragmentation of a catheter is evident on CT scan, spinal surgical consultation should be obtained. Recommended spinal surgical intervention includes an open durotomy and visualization of catheter fragments and nerve rootlets and removal of catheter fragments.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, 800 Howard Avenue, P.O. Box 208071, New Haven, CT 6520, USA.
authors.forename: James J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Yue
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, 800 Howard Avenue, P.O. Box 208071, New Haven, CT 6520, USA.
authors.forename: Carlos A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Castro
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, 800 Howard Avenue, P.O. Box 208071, New Haven, CT 6520, USA.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Scott
keywords: Complication; Double dot sign; Fragmentation; Intra-thecal spinal catheter; Retention; Splicing