title: Age- and sex-specific relationships between household income, education, and diabetes mellitus in Korean adults: the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2008-2010.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To investigate the effects of age and sex on the relationship between socioeconomic status (SES) and the prevalence and control status of diabetes mellitus (DM) in Korean adults.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data came from 16,175 adults (6,951 men and 9,227 women) over the age of 30 who participated in the 2008-2010 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. SES was measured by household income or education level. The adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for the prevalence or control status of diabetes were calculated using multiple logistic regression analyses across household income quartiles and education levels.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The household income-DM and education level-DM relationships were significant in younger age groups for both men and women. The adjusted ORs and 95% CI for diabetes were 1.51 (0.97, 2.34) and 2.28 (1.29, 4.02) for the lowest vs. highest quartiles of household income and education level, respectively, in women younger than 65 years of age (both P for linear trend < 0.05 with Bonferroni adjustment). The adjusted OR and 95% CI for diabetes was 2.28 (1.53, 3.39) for the lowest vs. highest quartile of household income in men younger than 65 (P for linear trend < 0.05 with Bonferroni adjustment). However, in men and women older than 65, no associations were found between SES and the prevalence of DM. No significant association between SES and the status of glycemic control was detected.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We found age- and sex-specific differences in the relationship of household income and education with the prevalence of DM in Korea. DM preventive care is needed for groups with a low SES, particularly in young or middle-aged populations.
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Public Health, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: So-Ra
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea; Department of Biostatistics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Kyungdo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Catholic Medical Center, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Jin-Young
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, The University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, United States of America.
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ersek
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, The University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, United States of America.
authors.forename: Junxiu
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Sun-Jin
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Jo
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Public Health, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea; Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Kang-Sook
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Public Health, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea; Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Hyeon Woo
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Yim
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Public Health, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea; Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Won-Chul
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Yong Gyu
authors.initials: YG
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St.Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Seung-Hwan
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Public Health, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea; Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, The University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, United States of America.
authors.forename: Yong-Moon
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Park
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology*; D004522:Educational Status; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007182:Income; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009749:Nutrition Surveys; D016017:Odds Ratio; D015995:Prevalence; D056910:Republic of Korea / Q000453:epidemiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D017678:Sex Distribution; D012923:Social Class
chemical_list: D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; C517652:hemoglobin A1c protein, human