title: Cytoprotective and genoprotective effects of β-glucans against aflatoxin B₁-induced DNA damage in broiler chicken lymphocytes.
abstract: The polysaccharide β-glucan presents beneficial effects on the immune system, although the mechanisms of the immunomodulatory effect remain poorly understood. The potential cytoprotective and genoprotective effects of β-glucans were evaluated in broiler chicken lymphocytes exposed to increasing concentrations of aflatoxin B₁ (AFB₁) and/or β-glucans. AFB₁ significantly decreased cell viability at the concentrations of 10 and 20 μg/ml at 72 h of incubation (p<0.01 and p<0.001, respectively). Moreover, the AFB₁ concentrations of 1, 10 and 20 μg/ml increased DNA fragmentation levels at 24 h (p<0.001). Conversely, lymphocyte death was prevented by β-glucans at the concentrations of 1% and 10%, indicating a cytoprotective effect. Reactive oxygen species levels were increased in the cells treated with 20 μg/ml AFB₁ at 24 h (p<0.05) and 10% β-glucans with or without AFB₁ at 24, 48 and 72 h of incubation (p<0.001). DNA damage increased by more than 100% in AFB₁-treated lymphocytes when compared to control group. β-glucans at 1% was able to fully revert the AFB₁-induced lymphocyte DNA damage, indicating a genoprotective effect and maintaining DNA integrity. In conclusion, β-glucans showed in vitro dose-dependent cytoprotective and genoprotective effects in broiler chicken lymphocytes exposed to AFB₁.
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: C E P
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Zimmermann
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: I B M
authors.initials: IB
authors.lastname: Cruz
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: F C
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Cadoná
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Machado
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Biogenômica, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Assmann
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: K B
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Schlemmer
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Zanette
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: D B R
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Leal
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil. Electronic address: janio.santurio@gmail.com.
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Santurio
mesh_terms: D016604:Aflatoxin B1 / Q000633:toxicity*; D000818:Animals; D016587:Antimutagenic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002645:Chickens / Q000502:physiology*; D020552:Comet Assay; D004247:DNA / Q000378:metabolism; D004249:DNA Damage; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects*; D020011:Protective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D047071:beta-Glucans / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D016587:Antimutagenic Agents; D020011:Protective Agents; D047071:beta-Glucans; D004247:DNA; D016604:Aflatoxin B1
keywords: Aflatoxin B(1); Cytotoxicity; Genotoxicity; Oxidative stress; β-glucans