title: Early and late operation of cleft lip and intelligence quotient and psychosocial development in 3-7 years.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Early and late operations of the cleft lip represent exposure to general anesthesia during the first year of life. The early exposure to the anesthetics may influence long term neurological outcome. Timing of the operation may also influence the quality of life as babies with early repair might be accepted better by their families.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the study was to compare outcomes between two groups of patients operated on for the cleft lip in the first year of life.
  
  
  METHODS
  Observational cohort study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Early repair group included patients operated on in the first eight days of life and late repair group those operated on between 3 and 10 months.
  
  
  METHODS
  Intelligence quotient (IQ) and psychosocial development of children who were operated on for cleft lip were compared at the age of 3-7 years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No differences were found between early (n=15) and late (n=17) repair group in terms of IQ. In both IQ was within the normal range: 100.00 (SD 13.867), 98.76 (SD 10.109), respectively. Significantly better results in physical functioning (P=0.042) and self-esteem (P=0.014) concepts in early repair group were found.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We compared outcomes of two groups of patients operated on for cleft lip in the first year of life. The earlier anesthesia did not show a negative impact on intelligence quotient in 3-7 years compared to later anesthesia. The earlier repair of the cleft lip showed a significant positive impact on psychosocial development in 2 out of 13 concepts tested.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics/Neonatology, Thomayer Hospital Prague, Videnska 800, Praha 4 14059, Czech Republic. Electronic address: petrackova.irena@post.cz.
authors.forename: Irena
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Petráčková
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics/Neonatology, Thomayer Hospital Prague, Videnska 800, Praha 4 14059, Czech Republic. Electronic address: jiri.zach@ftn.cz.
authors.forename: Jiří
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zach
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic Surgery, University Hospital Kralovske Vinohrady, Srobarova 1150/50, Praha 10 10034, Czech Republic. Electronic address: borsky.jiri@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Jiří
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Borský
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics/Neonatology, Motol University Hospital, V uvalu 84, Praha 5 15006, Czech Republic. Electronic address: milos.cerny@fnmotol.cz.
authors.forename: Miloš
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Černý
authors.affiliation: Thomayer Hospital Prague, Videnska 800, Praha 4 14059, Czech Republic. Electronic address: renata.hacklova@volny.cz.
authors.forename: Renata
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hacklová
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic Surgery, University Hospital Kralovske Vinohrady, Srobarova 1150/50, Praha 10 10034, Czech Republic. Electronic address: miroslav.tvrdek@fnkv.cz.
authors.forename: Miroslav
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tvrdek
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics/Neonatology, Thomayer Hospital Prague, Videnska 800, Praha 4 14059, Czech Republic; Institute of Pathological Physiology, First Medical Faculty, Charles University in Prague, Czech Republic. Electronic address: janjanota@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Janota
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000768:Anesthesia, General / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000523:psychology; D002657:Child Development; D002972:Cleft Palate / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007360:Intelligence; D007361:Intelligence Tests; D008297:Male; D019647:Oral Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000523:psychology
keywords: Anesthesia; Cleft lip; Intelligence quotient; Psychosocial development