title: A Monte Carlo Study for Photoneutron Dose Estimations around the High-Energy Linacs.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  High-energy linear accelerator (linac) is a valuable tool and the most commonly used device for external beam radiation treatments in cancer patients. In the linac head, high-energy photons with energies above the threshold of (γ,n) interaction produce photoneutrons. These photoneutrons deliver the extra dose to the patients undergoing radiation treatment and increase the risk of secondary cancer.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  In this study, a simplified model of the linac head was simulated and photoneutron dose equivalent was calculated at the isocenter and maze in the sphere detector. In addition, the absorbed and equivalent dose of photoneutron were estimated in the some organs of the phantom.
  
  
  METHODS
  The simulations were made using the Monte Carlo code. The ICRP reference adult male voxel phantom was used as the human body model for dosimetry calculations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results of dose calculations at the isocenter and maze showed that photoneutron dose decreases as the function of distance from the isocenter and increases with increasing the distance from the entrance maze.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It is concluded that the simplified model of linac head is a useful and reliable method in dosimetry calculations. Calculations illustrated that the photoneutron dose is not negligible and duo to its harmful biological effects on body, it should be considered in the treatment plans.
authors.affiliation: Physics Department, Faculty of Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mohammadi
authors.affiliation: Physics Department, Faculty of Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: S H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Miri-Hakimabad
authors.affiliation: Physics Department, Faculty of Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rafat-Motavalli
keywords: Dosimetry; Linear accelerator; Monte Carlo; Phantom; Photoneutron