title: Differences in the internal structure of hallucinatory experiences between clinical and nonclinical populations.
abstract: We investigated differential patterns of hallucinatory experiences between nonclinical and clinical samples. A total of 223 nonclinical individuals (108 females) and 111 subjects with schizophrenia (54 females) completed the Launay-Slade Hallucination Scale-Revised (LSHS-R) and Perceptual Aberration Scale (PAS). The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2) was used for the nonclinical group, and the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) hallucination item was used for the clinical group. Cronbach's alpha values showed good internal consistency for the LSHS-R. In the two groups, significant associations were found between LSHS-R and PAS scores. Two factors were extracted through a principal component analysis (PCA) in the nonclinical group, and three factors were identified in the clinical group. The results of a hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) revealed that a perception-cognition dimension was clear cluster discriminating element for the nonclinical group, whereas alterations in perception-cognition dimension were characteristic in cluster structure of the clinical group. Our findings suggest that the nature of hallucinatory experiences may differ qualitatively between a nonclinical population and subjects with schizophrenia. Perceptual or cognitive aberrations may add a psychopathologic dimension to hallucinatory experiences. Exploring the internal structure of hallucinatory experiences may provide explanatory insight into these experiences in the general population.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Institute of Clinical Psychopharmacology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jae Seung
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Department of Adolescent Psychiatry, Seoul National Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Yeni
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Institute of Clinical Psychopharmacology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Se Hyun
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Chonnam University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Samuel
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jayoun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Institute of Clinical Psychopharmacology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: In-Won
authors.initials: IW
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Institute of Clinical Psychopharmacology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Yong Sik
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science and Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: hyjung@snu.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Hee-Yeon
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Jung
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006212:Hallucinations / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010468:Perceptual Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000503:physiopathology*
keywords: Hallucinatory experience; Hierarchical cluster analysis; Schizophrenia