title: Total phenolic compounds in milk from different species. Design of an extraction technique for quantification using the Folin-Ciocalteu method.
abstract: Milk protects the health of newborns because it contains essential compounds that perform metabolic activities. Despite these benefits, the study of phenolic compounds in milk has been poorly explored. The objective of this study was to develop and validate a technique for extracting total phenolic compounds (TPCs) from a milk matrix and then analyzing them using the Folin-Ciocalteu method. The extraction technique was applied to goat milk and involved the addition of methanol, acetonitrile, and Carrez I and II reagents, after which protein was separated from fat through centrifugation. Subsequently, the technique was applied to goat (69.03±6.23mg GAE/L), cow (49.00±10.77mg GAE/L), sheep (167.6±58.77mg GAE/L) and human milk (82.45±12.3mg GAE/L). The technique showed an acceptable linearity (R(2)=0.9998), limit of detection (6.03mg GAE/L) and quantification (16.2mg GAE/L), repeatability (RSD=4%), reproducibility (RSD=6.8%) and recovery (>85.41%); it is thus effective and can be used in the routine analysis of milk. TPCs obtained from each type of milk indicate a high variability among species and among members of the same species.
authors.affiliation: Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Av. de las Ciencias S/N, Juriquilla, Querétaro, Qro. CP 76320, México.
authors.forename: Cecilia Velázquez
authors.initials: CV
authors.lastname: Vázquez
authors.affiliation: Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Av. de las Ciencias S/N, Juriquilla, Querétaro, Qro. CP 76320, México.
authors.forename: María Guadalupe Villa
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Rojas
authors.affiliation: Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Av. de las Ciencias S/N, Juriquilla, Querétaro, Qro. CP 76320, México.
authors.forename: Carolina Alvarez
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Ramírez
authors.affiliation: Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Av. de las Ciencias S/N, Juriquilla, Querétaro, Qro. CP 76320, México.
authors.forename: Jorge L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Chávez-Servín
authors.affiliation: Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Av. de las Ciencias S/N, Juriquilla, Querétaro, Qro. CP 76320, México.
authors.forename: Teresa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: García-Gasca
authors.affiliation: Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Av. de las Ciencias S/N, Juriquilla, Querétaro, Qro. CP 76320, México.
authors.forename: Roberto A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Ferriz Martínez
authors.affiliation: Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Av. de las Ciencias S/N, Juriquilla, Querétaro, Qro. CP 76320, México.
authors.forename: Olga P
authors.initials: OP
authors.lastname: García
authors.affiliation: Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Av. de las Ciencias S/N, Juriquilla, Querétaro, Qro. CP 76320, México.
authors.forename: Jorge L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Rosado
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII s/n, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Spain.
authors.forename: Carmen M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: López-Sabater
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII s/n, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Spain.
authors.forename: Ana Isabel
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Castellote
authors.affiliation: Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Av. de las Ciencias S/N, Juriquilla, Querétaro, Qro. CP 76320, México.
authors.forename: Héctor Mario Andrade
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Montemayor
authors.affiliation: Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Av. de las Ciencias S/N, Juriquilla, Querétaro, Qro. CP 76320, México. Electronic address: karina.delatorre@uaq.mx.
authors.forename: Karina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: de la Torre Carbot
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D005260:Female; D006041:Goats; D006801:Humans; D008892:Milk / Q000737:chemistry*; D008982:Molybdenum / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010636:Phenols / Q000032:analysis*; D010936:Plant Extracts; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012756:Sheep; D013053:Spectrophotometry / Q000379:methods*; D017973:Tungsten Compounds / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: C029556:Folin's phenol reagent; D010636:Phenols; D010936:Plant Extracts; D017973:Tungsten Compounds; C011471:folin; D008982:Molybdenum
keywords: Cow milk; Extraction method; Goat milk; Human milk; Sheep milk; Total phenolic compounds