title: Patient's Radiation Exposure in Coronary Angiography and Angioplasty: The Impact of Different Projections.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We aimed to determine angiography projections with lower Dose Area Product (DAP) rate by measuring the mean DAP and fluoroscopy times in coronary angiography (CAG) and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and calculating DAP rate in different projections.
  
  
  METHODS
  DAP and fluoroscopy times were measured in all employed projections in real-time in 75 patients who underwent CAG or PCI by a single cardiologist in Madani Cardiovascular University Hospital (45 in CAG group and 30 in PCI group). DAP rate was calculated in both groups and in all projections. The projections with highest and lowest DAP rate were determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean DAP was 436.73±315.85 dGy×cm(2) in CAG group and 643.26±359.58 dGy×cm(2) in PCI group. The projection 40° LAO/0° had the highest DAP rate in CAG group (28.98 dGy×cm(2)/ sec) and it was highest in 20° RAO/30° CR in PCI group (29.83 dGy×cm(2)/sec). The latter projection was also the most employed projection in PCI group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The amount of radiation dose in this study is in consistent with the previous reports. Specific angiographic projections expose patients to significantly higher radiation and they should be avoided and replaced by less irradiating projections whenever possible.
authors.affiliation: Medical Education Research Center, Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran ; Medical Physics Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran.
authors.forename: Alireza
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Farajollahi
authors.affiliation: Medical Physics Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran.
authors.forename: Atena
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rahimi
authors.affiliation: Urmia University of Medical Science, Urmia, Iran.
authors.forename: Ebrahim
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Khayati Shal
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran.
authors.forename: Samad
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ghaffari
authors.affiliation: Liver and Gastrointestinal Disease Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
authors.forename: Morteza
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ghojazadeh
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran.
authors.forename: Arezou
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tajlil
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran.
authors.forename: Naser
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Aslanabadi
keywords: Angiography; Angioplasty; Interventional; Radiation