title: Improving paddling efficiency through raising sitting height in female white water kayakers.
abstract: The study compared female white water paddlers over two conditions: with seat raise and with no seat raise. The aim was to determine whether raising the sitting height would improve paddling efficiency. Sitting height of each participant was recorded in order to calculate the seat raise height required and three-dimensional kinematic data was collected for six participants over both conditions. Twelve measures of efficiency were utilised. The efficiency of all participants improved on the seat condition for ≥4 of the measures, with three participants showing improvement for ≥6 of the measures. The stern snaking measure had the highest value of significance (P = 0.1455) and showed an average of 11.98% reduction in movement between no seat and seat conditions. The results indicate that improvements were seen although these were individualistic. Therefore it can be concluded that it is worth experimenting with a seat raise for a female kayaker who is lacking efficiency, noting, however, that improvements might depend on anthropometrics and the seat height selected, and therefore could elicit differing results.
authors.affiliation: a Faculty of Management , Bournemouth University , Poole , UK.
authors.forename: Shelley A L
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Broomfield
authors.forename: Mike
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lauder
mesh_terms: D000886:Anthropometry; D054874:Athletic Performance / Q000502:physiology*; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D004526:Efficiency / Q000502:physiology; D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D009068:Movement; D012737:Sex Factors; D013177:Sports / Q000502:physiology*; D019876:Sports Equipment; D006113:United Kingdom
keywords: biomechanics; ergonomics; sport; technology