title: C-reactive protein + 1059 G>C polymorphism in type 2 diabetes and coronary artery disease patients.
abstract: Human C-reactive protein (CRP) is an acute phase reactant involved in chronic and acute inflammation. CRP is associated with metabolic syndrome, obesity, atherosclerosis, unstable angina, insulin resistance and diabetes. The present study evaluates the association of + 1059 G>C silent polymorphism in exon 2 of CRP gene in 581 cases [CAD (206), T2D (266), T2D with CAD (109)] and 235 controls in the population of Punjab (North-West India). The frequency of + 1059 G allele is highest in CAD (98.3%) followed by T2D (98.1%), T2D + CAD cases (97.7%) and controls (94.7%). G-allele is associated with increased risk of T2D [P = 0.003, OR = 2.93 (1.39-6.17)] and CAD [P = 0.004, OR = 3.25 (1.39-7.60)] in comparison to controls. Recessive model shows that GG genotype increases the risk of CAD by 4 fold (P = 0.003, OR = 4.19, 1.62-10.80), T2D by 3 fold (P = 0.008, OR = 3.23, 1.36-7.60) and T2D + CAD by 3.5 fold (P = 0.029, OR = 3.64, 1.14-11.66). Factor analyses show that BMI, WC, and WHR are core predictors for CAD and T2D, whereas CHO, TG and VLDL for T2D + CAD. The present study concludes that GG genotype of CRP + 1059 G>C polymorphism and clustering of obesity and dyslipidemia underlie the risk towards CAD, T2D and T2D + CAD in the North-West Indian population of Punjab.
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Genetics, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab 143005, India.
authors.forename: Ramandeep
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kaur
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Genetics, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab 143005, India.
authors.forename: Kawaljit
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Matharoo
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Genetics, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab 143005, India.
authors.forename: Rubina
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Genetics, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab 143005, India.
authors.forename: A J S
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Bhanwer
keywords: ADA, American Diabetes Association; ARMS-PCR, amplification refractory mutation system-polymerase chain reaction; Association study; BMI, body mass index; CAD, coronary artery disease; CHO, total cholesterol; CI, confidence interval; CRP; CRP, C-reactive protein; CVDs, cardiovascular diseases; Correlation; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; DNA, deoxyribonucleic acid; Dyslipidemia; HC, hip circumference; HDL, high density lipoprotein; HWE, Hardy–Weinberg Equilibrium; IL-1, interleukin-1; IL-6, interleukin-6; LDL, low density lipoprotein; OR, odds ratio; PCFA; PCFA, principal component factor analysis; Punjab; RBS, random blood sugar; SBP, systolic blood pressure; SD, standard deviation; SNP, single nucleotide polymorphism; SPSS, Statistical Package for Social Science; T2D, type 2 diabetes; TG, triglyceride; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-α; VLDL, very low density lipoprotein; WASP, web-based allele specific primer; WC, waist circumference; WHR, waist–hip ratio