title: How our bodies fight amyloidosis: effects of physiological factors on pathogenic aggregation of amyloidogenic proteins.
abstract: The process of protein aggregation from soluble amyloidogenic proteins to insoluble amyloid fibrils plays significant roles in the onset of over 30 human amyloidogenic diseases, such as Prion disease, Alzheimer's disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Amyloid deposits are commonly found in patients suffered from amyloidosis; however, such deposits are rarely seen in healthy individuals, which may be largely attributed to the self-regulation in vivo. A vast number of physiological factors have been demonstrated to directly affect the process of amyloid formation in vivo. In this review, physiological factors that influence amyloidosis, including biological factors (chaperones, natural antibodies, enzymes, lipids and saccharides) and physicochemical factors (metal ions, pH environment, crowding and pressure, etc.), together with the mechanisms underlying these proteostasis effects, are summarized.
authors.affiliation: Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, PR China.
authors.forename: Lianqi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, PR China.
authors.forename: Xinran
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Central Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan, Hubei 430014, PR China.
authors.forename: Biao
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, PR China; Centre for Biomedicine Research, Wuhan Institute of Biotechnology, Wuhan, Hubei 430075, PR China. Electronic address: kunhuang2008@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Kun
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Huang
mesh_terms: D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000378:metabolism; D000682:Amyloid / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D058227:Amyloidogenic Proteins / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D000686:Amyloidosis / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008670:Metals / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D008958:Models, Molecular; D018832:Molecular Chaperones / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D017096:Prion Diseases / Q000378:metabolism; D066263:Protein Aggregation, Pathological / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000682:Amyloid; D058227:Amyloidogenic Proteins; D008670:Metals; D018832:Molecular Chaperones
keywords: Amyloidogenic aggregation; Amyloidosis; Biological factors; Physicochemical factors