title: Relative frequency of norovirus infection in children with acute gastroenteritis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of norovirus among children with acute gastroenteritis in 2009 and 2010. We also aimed that, to detecting the possible clinical and laboratory differences among cases in 2009 and 2010.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fecal samples were collected from children under 16 years of age who were admitted for acute gastroenteritis. Norovirus was detected using immunochromatography. For the comparison of seasonal distribution, clinical manifestations, and laboratory results between cases, we divided subjects into two groups by year.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Norovirus infection was detected in 112 of the 1027 collected samples (10.9%). In three cases with norovirus, other enteric viruses like rotavirus and adenovirus are detected concurrently, and these were excluded. After the exclusion of three cases with co-infections, statistical analysis was made in 109 cases. Most of the positive cases were between 1-24 months of age (N.=75, 67%). The rate of norovirus infection peaked in winter in 2010 (P<0.05). However, the rates were not significantly different between seasons in 2009 (P>0.05). We did not detect any positive cases in late summer and autumn in 2010. Diarrhea (97.2%), vomiting (95.4%), and abdominal pain (65.1%) were most frequently encountered symptoms of patients with norovirus. Leukocytosis and neutrophilia were significantly higher in 2010 than 2009 (P<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prevalence and clinical characteristics of norovirus in our study group is similar but seasonal distribution is different between two years. Most of the cases were <24 months of age. Like rotavirus, norovirus vaccine can be developed to prevent infection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Child Health and Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Yeditepe University, Ataşehir, İstanbul, Turkey - suat.bicer@yeditepe.edu.tr.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Çöl
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Biçer
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Uğraş
authors.forename: Ö
authors.initials: Ö
authors.lastname: Küçük
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Giray
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Gürol
authors.forename: G  Ç
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Erdağ
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vitrinel
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Çelik
authors.forename: Ç
authors.initials: Ç
authors.lastname: Kaspar
mesh_terms: D015746:Abdominal Pain / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology; D000208:Acute Disease; D017677:Age Distribution; D017250:Caliciviridae Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003967:Diarrhea / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology; D005759:Gastroenteritis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D029322:Norovirus / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D015995:Prevalence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012621:Seasons; D014839:Vomiting / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology