title: Anthocyanin and other phenolic compounds in Ceylon gooseberry (Dovyalis hebecarpa) fruits.
abstract: Ceylon gooseberry is a deep-purple exotic berry that is being produced in Brazil with great market potential. This work aimed to determine major phenolic compounds in this specie by HPLC-PDA-ESI/MS. Samples were collected in two different seasons. Pulp and skin were analyzed separately. Non-acylated rutinoside derivatives of delphinidin (∼60-63%) and cyanidin (∼17-21%) were major anthocyanins tentatively identified. All anthocyanins had higher concentration in skin than in pulp (64-82 and 646-534mg of cyaniding-3-glucoside equivalents/100g skin and pulp, respectively). Moreover, anthocyanin profile changed between sampling dates (p<0.05). Mainly for delphinidin-3-rutinoside which could be a result of season variation. In this specie, non-anthocyanin polyphenols represent less than 35% of total extracted polyphenols. The tentative identification proposed a flavonol and three ellagitannins as major compounds of the non-anthocyanin phenolics fraction. Finally, anthocyanin is the major phenolic class in this fruit and its composition and content are significantly affected by season.
authors.affiliation: Campinas State University (Universidade Estadual de Campinas, UNICAMP), Department of Food Science (Departamento de Ciência de Alimentos, DCA), Food Engineering School (Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos, FEA), P.O. Box 6121, 13083-862 Campinas, SP, Brazil. Electronic address: vivian_bochi@yahoo.com.br.
authors.forename: Vivian Caetano
authors.initials: VC
authors.lastname: Bochi
authors.affiliation: Campinas State University (Universidade Estadual de Campinas, UNICAMP), Department of Food Science (Departamento de Ciência de Alimentos, DCA), Food Engineering School (Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos, FEA), P.O. Box 6121, 13083-862 Campinas, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Helena Teixeira
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Godoy
authors.affiliation: The Ohio State University, Department of Food Science and Technology, 2015 Fyffe Road, 43210 Columbus, OH, United States.
authors.forename: M Monica
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Giusti
mesh_terms: D000872:Anthocyanins / Q000032:analysis*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry; D010636:Phenols / Q000032:analysis*; D031965:Ribes / Q000737:chemistry*; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; D013188:Sri Lanka
chemical_list: D000872:Anthocyanins; D010636:Phenols
keywords: Berries; Characterization; HPLC–PDA–ESI/MS; Pigment