title: Superantigens in Staphylococcus aureus isolated from prosthetic joint infection.
abstract: Staphylococcus aureus is a common cause of prosthetic joint infection (PJI). The prevalence of superantigens (SAgs) among PJI-associated S. aureus is unknown. Eighty-four S. aureus isolates associated with PJI isolated between 1999 and 2006 were studied. SAg genes, sea, seb, sec, sed, see, seg, seh, sei, and tst, were assayed by PCR. Seventy-eight (92.9%) isolates carried at least 1 SAg gene studied, with 61 (72.6%) harboring more than 1. seg was most commonly (70.2%), and seh was least frequently (4.8%) detected. tst-positive isolates were associated with early infection and increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate at diagnosis (P=0.006 and P=0.021, respectively). seg and sei were associated with methicillin resistance (P=0.008 and P=0.002, respectively). A majority of PJI-associated isolates studied produced biologically active SAgs in both planktonic and biofilm growth modes. SAg genes are prevalent in S. aureus causing PJI.
authors.affiliation: Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Division of Infectious Diseases, Veterans Health Service Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Choon K
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
authors.forename: Melissa J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Karau
authors.affiliation: Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
authors.forename: Kerryl E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Greenwood-Quaintance
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
authors.forename: Ashenafi Y
authors.initials: AY
authors.lastname: Tilahun
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
authors.forename: Chella S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: David
authors.affiliation: Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
authors.forename: Jayawant N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Mandrekar
authors.affiliation: Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA. Electronic address: patel.robin@mayo.edu.
authors.forename: Robin
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.affiliation: Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
authors.forename: Govindarajan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rajagopalan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000818:Animals; D001168:Arthritis / Q000382:microbiology*; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D008875:Middle Aged; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D016459:Prosthesis-Related Infections / Q000382:microbiology*; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections / Q000382:microbiology*; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D018089:Superantigens / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D018089:Superantigens
keywords: Prosthetic joint infection; S. aureus; Superantigen