title: Dysregulated glycolysis as an oncogenic event.
abstract: Enhanced glycolysis in cancer, called the Warburg effect, is a well-known feature of cancer metabolism. Recent advances revealed that the Warburg effect is coupled to many other cancer properties, including adaptation to hypoxia and low nutrients, immortalisation, resistance to oxidative stress and apoptotic stimuli, and elevated biomass synthesis. These linkages are mediated by various oncogenic molecules and signals, such as c-Myc, p53, and the insulin/Ras pathway. Furthermore, several regulators of glycolysis have been recently identified as oncogene candidates, including the hypoxia-inducible factor pathway, sirtuins, adenosine monophosphate-activated kinase, glycolytic pyruvate kinase M2, phosphoglycerate mutase, and oncometabolites. The interplay between glycolysis and oncogenic events will be the focus of this review.
authors.affiliation: Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.
authors.forename: Takumi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mikawa
authors.forename: Matilde E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: LLeonart
authors.forename: Akifumi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Takaori-Kondo
authors.forename: Nobuya
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Inagaki
authors.forename: Masayuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yokode
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kondoh
mesh_terms: D063646:Carcinogenesis / Q000378:metabolism*; D015687:Cell Hypoxia / Q000502:physiology*; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000502:physiology*; D006019:Glycolysis / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D053858:Metabolic Networks and Pathways / Q000502:physiology*; D008954:Models, Biological; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism*; D054875:Ubiquitination