title: A new method for hepatic resection and hemostasis: absorbable plaque and suture.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Blunt and penetrating hepatic injuries are conditions that are frequently encountered in emergency surgeries, and they involve high mortality morbidity. In the handling of such injuries, methods ranging from the application of simple cauterization and suturing for hemostasis to hepatic lobectomies, which might involve the removal of the greater part of the organ, have been defined. Due to the organ's fragility and susceptibility to bleeding, elective hepatic resections necessitate both surgical experience and technological equipment. Therefore, the demand still exists for an affordable and easy-to-use-method that could be applied by all centers.
  
  
  METHODS
  To meet this demand, we have developed a method of hemorrhage control via sutures supported by absorbable plaques that provide effective compression and prevent the suture from cutting the tissue during the application of the sutures in the treatment of such fragile organs as the liver. In our method, we have achieved hemostasis by bilaterally compressing the tissue through strong ties after placing, on the part of the tissue on which the sutures are applied, absorbable and flexible plaques that prevent the suture from cutting the tissue during the application of a polyglactin suture to the solid organ. To prevent dislocation of the plaques, we have fastened the sutures by reeving them through the holes made in the plaques.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We have demonstrated the success and the practicality of our method by applying it on four pigs; we experimentally inflicted hepatic injuries on two pigs, and we performed resection on the other two pigs. The hepatic hemorrhages we developed in both of the animals were successfully restrained by the use of our method. On the other hand, two resections were performed on the right and left lobes of the other two animals. There were no hemorrhages during the surgery, and the procedure took 45 minutes in total. No postoperative complications occurred. While the liver function test values were high on the seventh day, due to the operation, they were observed to be normal on the thirtieth day. After the laparotomies, performed six months later, we observed that the plaques as well as the sutures were absorbed and that the injured tissues were completely healed. Additionally, it was observed during the pathological examination that the tissues beneath the area of application were healed through fibrosis and that the liver had no other pathologies.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In conclusion, we believe that the method can be safely used in hepatic resections or traumatic hemorrhages in the proper locations.
authors.affiliation: Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Department of General Surgery, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: M Tahir
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Ozer
authors.affiliation: Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Department of Emergency Surgery, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Mehmet
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Eryilmaz
authors.affiliation: Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Department of General Surgery, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Kagan
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Coskun
authors.affiliation: Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Department of General Surgery, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Sezai
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Demirbas
authors.affiliation: Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Department of General Surgery, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: A Ihsan
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Uzar
authors.affiliation: Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Department of General Surgery, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Orhan
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Kozak
keywords: Hepatic resection; Hepatic trauma; Plaque and suture