title: Effect of peripheral edema on oscillometric blood pressure measurement.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Blood pressure (BP) measurement is essential for epidemiological studies and clinical decisions. It seems that tissue characteristics can affect BP results and we try to find edema effect on BP results taken by different methods.
  
  
  METHODS
  BP of 55 children before open heart surgery were measured and compared according to three methods: Arterial as standard and reference, oscillometric and auscultatory methods. Peripheral edema as a tissue characteristic was defined in higher than +2 as marked edema and in equal or lower than +2 as no edema.
  
  
  METHODS
  data was expressed as Mean and 95% of confidence interval (CI 95%). Comparison of two groups was performed by T independent test and of more than two groups by ANOVA test. Mann-Whitney U and paired T-test were used for serially comparisons of changes. P less than 0.05 was considered significant.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifty five children aged 29.4±3.9 months were divided into two groups: 10 children with peripheral edema beyond +2 and 45 cases without edema. Oscillometric method overestimated systolic BP and the Mean (CI 95%) difference of oscillometric to arterial was 4.8 (8/-1, P=0.02) in edematous and 4.2 (7/1, p=0.004) in non edematous. Oscillometric method underestimated diastolic BP as -9 (-1.8/-16.5, P=0.03) in edematous group and 2.6 (-0.7/+5, P= 0.2) in non edematous compared to arterial method.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Oscillometric device standards cannot cover all specific clinical conditions. It underestimates diastolic BP significantly in edematous children, which was 9.2 mmHg in average beyond the acceptable standards.
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
authors.forename: Shamsi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ghaffari
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Health Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
authors.forename: Majid
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Malaki
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Health Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
authors.forename: Afshin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rezaeifar
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
authors.forename: Shahin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Abdollahi Fakhim
keywords: Auscultatory; Blood Pressure; Edema; Oscillometric