title: Clinical, biochemical and histological study of the effect of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy on oral mucositis induced by 5-fluorouracil in hamsters.
abstract: Oral mucositis (OM) is a debilitating side effect of chemotherapy, which can be relieved by phototherapy. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) may be used for the treatment of OM, when infection is present. However, there are no studies showing that aPDT affects tissue repair process when used in the treatment of lesions caused by OM. This work aims to evaluate the effect of aPDT in healing OM induced by 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU). Two hundred forty-five hamsters were divided into two groups, control (C) and experimental, which were subdivided into 4 subgroups (Ch, ChP, ChL, aPDT). C group received only the vehicle of chemotherapy and anesthesia, whereas all animals of the experimental groups received anesthesia and chemotherapy agent 5-FU to induce OM. Ch group received no OM treatment; ChP group received an application of methylene blue (MB) 0.01%; ChL received irradiation with low-power-laser (LPL-660 nm/120 J /cm(2)/40 mW/4.4 J per point); and aPDT received MB and LPL irradiation. OM Clinical severity were daily assessed by a blinded examiner. The animals were sacrificed after 5, 7 and 10 days of experiment and their oral mucosa were removed for biochemical (enzymatic activity of SOD and catalase) and histological analyzes (light microscopy). After statistical analysis was performed, results showed that aPDT reduced the severity of OM on the tenth day of the experiment, when compared to the initial OM score (p < 0.05), as well as increased keratinization with organized collagen deposition in the lamina propria. In conclusion, aPDT can be safely used in animals with infected OM because it does not affect lesion-repairing processes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomaterials and Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. Electronic address: erika.cruz@usp.br.
authors.forename: Érika de Paula da
authors.initials: Éde P
authors.lastname: Cruz
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomaterials and Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. Electronic address: luacampos@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Luana
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Campos
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomaterials and Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. Electronic address: filipi.sp@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Filipi da Silva
authors.initials: Fda S
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomaterials and Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. Electronic address: gabrielamagliano@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Gabriela Campos
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Magliano
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomaterials and Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. Electronic address: bernar_benites@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Bernar Monteiro
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Benites
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomaterials and Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. Electronic address: vearana@usp.br.
authors.forename: Victor Elias
authors.initials: VE
authors.lastname: Arana-Chavez
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomaterials and Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Division of Dental Materials, Department of Biomaterials and Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil. Electronic address: ryb@usp.br.
authors.forename: Rafael Yagüe
authors.initials: RY
authors.lastname: Ballester
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomaterials and Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. Electronic address: lysimoes@usp.br.
authors.forename: Alyne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Simões
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects; D006224:Cricetinae; D005260:Female; D005472:Fluorouracil / Q000009:adverse effects; D028022:Low-Level Light Therapy; D008751:Methylene Blue / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010778:Photochemotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013280:Stomatitis / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents; D008751:Methylene Blue; D005472:Fluorouracil
keywords: 5-Fluorouracil; Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy; Antioxidant system; Chemotherapy; Oral mucositis