title: Sleep, arousal, and circadian rhythms in adults with obsessive-compulsive disorder: a meta-analysis.
abstract: Findings of this meta-analysis show that obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is related to disruptions in both the duration and timing of sleep. PsycINFO and Google Scholar database searches identified 12 relevant studies that compared measures of sleep in individuals with OCD to those of either a healthy control group or published norms. Sleep measures included sleep onset latency, sleep duration, awakening after sleep onset, percentage of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, percentage of slow wave sleep, and prevalence of delayed sleep phase disorder (DSPD). Individual effect sizes were pooled using a random effects model. Sleep duration was found to be shorter, and the prevalence of DSPD higher, in individuals with OCD compared to controls. Further, excluding samples with comorbid depression did not meaningfully reduce the magnitude of these effects (although the results were no longer statistically significant) and medication use by participants is unlikely to have systematically altered sleep timing. Overall, available data suggest that sleep disruption is associated with OCD but further research on both sleep duration and sleep timing in individuals with OCD is needed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, PO Box 6000, Binghamton, NY 13902-6000, United States. Electronic address: jnota1@binghamton.edu.
authors.forename: Jacob A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Nota
authors.affiliation: Departments of Medicine and Psychiatry & Human Behavior, Rhode Island Hospital/Brown University, 300 Duncan Drive, Providence, RI 02906, United States.
authors.forename: Katherine M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Sharkey
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, PO Box 6000, Binghamton, NY 13902-6000, United States.
authors.forename: Meredith E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Coles
mesh_terms: D001143:Arousal / Q000187:drug effects; D002940:Circadian Rhythm / Q000187:drug effects; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D009771:Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011619:Psychotropic Drugs / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012890:Sleep / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D011619:Psychotropic Drugs
keywords: Arousal; Bedtime; Circadian rhythm; Obsessive–compulsive disorder; Sleep