title: Revealing gene clusters associated with the development of cholangiocarcinoma, based on a time series analysis.
abstract: Cholangiocarcinoma (CC) is a rapidly lethal malignancy and currently is considered to be incurable. Biomarkers related to the development of CC remain unclear. The present study aimed to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between normal tissue and intrahepatic CC, as well as specific gene expression patterns that changed together with the development of CC. By using a two‑way analysis of variance test, the biomarkers that could distinguish between normal tissue and intrahepatic CC dissected from different days were identified. A k‑means cluster method was used to identify gene clusters associated with the development of CC according to their changing expression pattern. Functional enrichment analysis was used to infer the function of each of the gene sets. A time series analysis was constructed to reveal gene signatures that were associated with the development of CC based on gene expression profile changes. Genes related to CC were shown to be involved in 'mitochondrion' and 'focal adhesion'. Three interesting gene groups were identified by the k‑means cluster method. Gene clusters with a unique expression pattern are related with the development of CC. The data of this study will facilitate novel discoveries regarding the genetic study of CC by further work.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Jianyu
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Zhifu
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, The Central Hospital of Cangzhou, Cangzhou, Hebei 061000, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Xiulei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Xiangsong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wu
mesh_terms: D001650:Bile Duct Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D018281:Cholangiocarcinoma / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D005810:Multigene Family; D059467:Transcriptome