title: Proteolytic activity and cytokine up-regulation by non-albicans Candida albicans.
abstract: Mouth is an important source of infections and oral infections such as Candida infections increase the risk of mortality. Our purpose was to investigate differences in proteolytic activity of non-albicans Candida albicans (non-albicans Candida) between clinical isolates and laboratory samples. The second aim was to assess the concentration of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine levels IL-1β, IL-10, and TNF-α in saliva of patients with the non-albicans Candida and Candida-negative saliva samples. Clinical yeast samples from our laboratory were used for analyses. Candida strains were grown in YPG at 37 °C for 24 h in water bath with shaking. The activity of Candida proteinases of cell and cell-free fractions were analyzed by MDPF-gelatin zymography. The levels of IL-1β, IL-10, and TNF-α were measured from saliva with ELISA. The study showed differences in the proteolytic activity among the non-albicans Candida strains. C. tropicalis had higher proteolytic activity when compared to the other strains. Significant difference was found in salivary IL-1β levels between the non-albicans Candida and control strains (P < 0.002). The present findings showed differences in proteolytic activity among the non-albicans Candida strains. The increased IL-1β concentration may be one of the host response components associated with non-albicans Candida infection.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Dentistry, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, 00014, Helsinki, Finland, ali.nawaz@helsinki.fi.
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nawaz
authors.forename: Pirjo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pärnänen
authors.forename: Kirsti
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kari
authors.forename: Jukka H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Meurman
mesh_terms: D002176:Candida albicans / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000502:physiology*; D041221:Candida glabrata / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000502:physiology; D041022:Candida tropicalis / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000502:physiology; D010450:Endopeptidases / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism*; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism*; D009055:Mouth / Q000382:microbiology*; D059748:Proteolysis; D012463:Saliva / Q000378:metabolism*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism*; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: C508609:IL10 protein, human; C508585:IL1B protein, human; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D016753:Interleukin-10; D010450:Endopeptidases