title: HBV and HIV co-infection: Impact on liver pathobiology and therapeutic approaches.
abstract: The consequences of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) co-infection on progression of severe liver diseases is a serious public health issue, worldwide. In the co-infection cases, about 90% of HIV-infected population is seropositive for HBV where approximately 5%-40% individuals are chronically infected. In HIV co-infected individuals, liver-related mortality is estimated over 17 times higher than those with HBV mono-infection. The spectrum of HIV-induced liver diseases includes hepatitis, steatohepatitis, endothelialitis, necrosis, granulomatosis, cirrhosis and carcinoma. Moreover, HIV co-infection significantly alters the natural history of hepatitis B, and therefore complicates the disease management. Though several studies have demonstrated impact of HIV proteins on hepatocyte biology, only a few data is available on interactions between HBV and HIV proteins. Thus, the clinical spectrum as well as the complexity of the co-infection offers challenging fronts to study the underlying molecular mechanisms, and to design effective therapeutic strategies.
authors.affiliation: Mohammad Khalid Parvez, Department of Pharmacognosy, King Saud University College of Pharmacy, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Mohammad Khalid
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Parvez
keywords: Chronic hepatitis B; Hepatitis B virus; Hepatitis B virus and human immunodeficiency virus co-infection; Hepatopathogenesis; Human immunodeficiency virus; Human immunodeficiency virus-hepatotropism