title: The optimization of essential oils supercritical CO2 extraction from Lavandula hybrida through static-dynamic steps procedure and semi-continuous technique using response surface method.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to examine and evaluate crucial variables in essential oils extraction process from Lavandula hybrida through static-dynamic and semi-continuous techniques using response surface method.
  
  
  METHODS
  Essential oil components were extracted from Lavandula hybrida (Lavandin) flowers using supercritical carbon dioxide via static-dynamic steps (SDS) procedure, and semi-continuous (SC) technique.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Using response surface method the optimum extraction yield (4.768%) was obtained via SDS at 108.7 bar, 48.5°C, 120 min (static: 8×15), 24 min (dynamic: 8×3 min) in contrast to the 4.620% extraction yield for the SC at 111.6 bar, 49.2°C, 14 min (static), 121.1 min (dynamic).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results indicated that a substantial reduction (81.56%) solvent usage (kg CO2/g oil) is observed in the SDS method versus the conventional SC method.
authors.affiliation: Research Center of Natural Products Health, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran.
authors.forename: Hossein
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kamali
authors.affiliation: Research Center of Natural Products Health, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran.
authors.forename: Noushin
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Aminimoghadamfarouj
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: Ebrahim
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Golmakani
authors.affiliation: Research Center of Natural Products Health, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran.
authors.forename: Alireza
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nematollahi
keywords: Essential oil; lavandin; lavandula hybrida; response surface method; static-dynamic steps; supercritical carbon dioxide