title: Cytotoxic acyl amides from the soil fungus Gymnascella dankaliensis.
abstract: The soil fungus Gymnascella dankaliensis was collected in the vicinity of the Giza pyramids, Egypt. When grown on solid rice medium the fungus yielded four new compounds including 11'-carboxygymnastatin N (1), gymnastatin S (2), dankamide (3), and aranorosin-2-methylether (4), the latter having been reported previously only as a semisynthetic compound. In addition, six known metabolites (5-10) were isolated. Addition of NaCl or KBr to the rice medium resulted in the accumulation of chlorinated or brominated compounds as indicated by LC-MS analysis due to the characteristic isotope patterns observed. From the rice medium spiked with 3.5% NaCl the known chlorinated compounds gymnastatin A (11) and gymnastatin B (12) were obtained. All isolated compounds were unambiguously structurally elucidated on the basis of comprehensive spectral analysis (1D and 2D NMR, and mass spectrometry), as well as by comparison with the literature. Compounds 4, 7 and 11 showed potent cytotoxicity against the murine lymphoma cell line L5178Y (IC50 values 0.44, 0.58 and 0.64μM, respectively), whereas 12 exhibited moderate activity with an IC50 value of 5.80μM.
authors.affiliation: Institut für Pharmazeutische Biologie und Biotechnologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universitaet, Universitaetsstraße 1, Geb. 26.23, D-40225 Duesseldorf, Germany.
authors.forename: Lena
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hammerschmidt
authors.affiliation: Institut für Pharmazeutische Biologie und Biotechnologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universitaet, Universitaetsstraße 1, Geb. 26.23, D-40225 Duesseldorf, Germany.
authors.forename: Amal H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Aly
authors.affiliation: Microbial Chemistry Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Division, National Research Center, El Behoos Street 33, Dokki-Giza 12622, Egypt.
authors.forename: Mohammed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Abdel-Aziz
authors.affiliation: Institut für Physiologische Chemie und Pathobiochemie, Johannes-Gutenberg-Universitaet, Duesbergweg 6, D-55128 Mainz, Germany.
authors.forename: Werner E G
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Müller
authors.affiliation: National Research Laboratories of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Health Science Center, 100083 Beijing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Wenhan
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Institut für Pharmazeutische Biologie und Biotechnologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universitaet, Universitaetsstraße 1, Geb. 26.23, D-40225 Duesseldorf, Germany.
authors.forename: Georgios
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Daletos
authors.affiliation: Institut für Pharmazeutische Biologie und Biotechnologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universitaet, Universitaetsstraße 1, Geb. 26.23, D-40225 Duesseldorf, Germany. Electronic address: proksch@uni-duesseldorf.de.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Proksch
mesh_terms: D000215:Acylation; D000577:Amides / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001203:Ascomycota / Q000737:chemistry*; D001688:Biological Products / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004354:Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor; D008223:Lymphoma / Q000188:drug therapy; D051379:Mice; D012988:Soil Microbiology
chemical_list: D000577:Amides; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D001688:Biological Products
keywords: Acyl amide; Cultivation experiments; Cytotoxicity; Gymnascella dankaliensis; Soil fungus