title: Vitamin-D status at breast cancer diagnosis: correlation with social and environmental factors and dietary intake.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Serum levels of vitamin-D are low in breast cancer patients. Vitamin-D levels have inverse correlations with postmenopausal state, obesity, poor sun exposure and low intake of vitamin-D rich diet. The objective of this study was to quantify levels of vitamin-D in serum to determine the degree of vitamin-D deficiency in breast cancer patients compared with age matched controls and to observe the association between serum 25-OH vitamin-D levels and personal and social parameters, BMI, amount of sun exposure and dietary intake.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this cross-sectional analytical study all newly diagnosed breast cancer female patients were recruited into the study over a period of 6 months. Age matched healthy females were also recruited as a control group. Personal and social data was documented on to a pro forma. Sun exposure was determined by mid-day exposure to direct sunlight. Serum 25-OHD levels were studied by ELISA technique on the blood samples. The dietary information was collected by recall over the last 1 year.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Vitamin-D deficiency was found in 99% breast cancer females and 90% in healthy females. Mean serum vitamin-D level was 9.6 ± 5 ng/ml and 15.2 ± 10 ng/ml for cases and control group respectively. All breast cancer and 95% healthy females with BMI > 30 were found to be vitamin-D deficient. Menopausal state, parity, parda (veil) observation, area of living and sun exposure did not affect vitamin-D status in either group. Egg, fish and cheese intake revealed correlation with vitamin-D deficiency. Forty percent healthy females were found to have deficient serum vitamin-D levels despite being on supplement.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Vitamin-D deficiency was highly prevalent among breast cancer females. Serum 25 OHD levels exhibited an inverse correlation with high body mass index and vitamin-D rich diet.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Oncology, Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Lahore, Pakistan. sabaimtiaz@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Saba
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Imtiaz
authors.forename: Neelam
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Siddiqui
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015897:Comorbidity; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008019:Life Style; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D013472:Sunlight; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood*; D014808:Vitamin D Deficiency / Q000453:epidemiology*
chemical_list: D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents; D014807:Vitamin D