title: A trend analysis of laboratory positive propoxyphene workplace urine drug screens before and after the product recall.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Propoxyphene was withdrawn from the US market in November 2010. This drug is still tested for in the workplace as part of expanded panel nonregulated testing.
  
  
  METHODS
  A convenience sample of urine specimens (n = 7838) were provided by workers from various industries. The percentage of positive specimens with 95% confidence intervals was calculated for each year of the study. Logistic regression was used to assess the impact of the year upon the propoxyphene result.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of positive propoxyphene tests was much higher before the product's withdrawal from the market. Logistic regression provided evidence of a decreasing linear trend (P < 0.000; β = -0.71). The odds ratio signifies that for every additional year the urine specimens were 0.49 times less likely to be positive for propoxyphene.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This favors the determination that the change in propoxyphene positive drug test over the years is not by chance. The conclusion supports no longer performing nonregulated workplace propoxyphene urine drug testing for this population.
authors.affiliation: From the St Mary's Occupational Medicine Clinic, Evansville, IN.
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Price
mesh_terms: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000652:urine; D011431:Dextropropoxyphene / Q000652:urine*; D006801:Humans; D015146:Midwestern United States; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D056737:Safety-Based Drug Withdrawals; D015813:Substance Abuse Detection / Q000639:trends*; D017132:Workplace / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D011431:Dextropropoxyphene