title: Elucidation of echovirus 30's origin and transmission during the 2012 aseptic meningitis outbreak in Guangdong, China, through continuing environmental surveillance.
abstract: An aseptic meningitis outbreak occurred in Luoding City of Guangdong, China, in 2012, and echovirus type 30 (ECHO30) was identified as the major causative pathogen. Environmental surveillance indicated that ECHO30 was detected in the sewage of a neighboring city, Guangzhou, from 2010 to 2012 and also in Luoding City sewage samples (6/43, 14%) collected after the outbreak. In order to track the potential origin of the outbreak viral strains, we sequenced the VP1 genes of 29 viral strains from clinical patients and environmental samples. Sequence alignments and phylogenetic analyses based on VP1 gene sequences revealed that virus strains isolated from the sewage of Guangzhou and Luoding cities matched well the clinical strains from the outbreak, with high nucleotide sequence similarity (98.5% to 100%) and similar cluster distribution. Five ECHO30 clinical strains were clustered with the Guangdong environmental strains but diverged from strains from other regions, suggesting that this subcluster of viruses most likely originated from the circulating virus in Guangdong rather than having been more recently imported from other regions. These findings underscore the importance of long-term, continuous environmental surveillance and genetic analysis to monitor circulating enteroviruses.
authors.affiliation: Guangdong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China Guangdong Provincial Institution of Public Health, Guangdong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Guangdong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China zhenghy.gdcdc@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Huanying
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.affiliation: Guangdong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xue
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: WHO WPRO Regional Polio Reference Laboratory and Ministry of Health Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Guangdong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Guangdong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Leng
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Guangdong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Hanri
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zeng
authors.affiliation: Guangdong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Ling
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.affiliation: Guangdong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yanling
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Mo
authors.affiliation: Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiromu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.affiliation: Guangdong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China Guangdong Provincial Institution of Public Health, Guangdong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Lina
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yi
authors.affiliation: Guangdong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China Guangdong Provincial Institution of Public Health, Guangdong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Centre for Environment and Population Health, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, Australia.
authors.forename: Shannon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rutherford
authors.affiliation: WHO WPRO Regional Polio Reference Laboratory and Ministry of Health Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Wenbo
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Guangdong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Changwen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ke
mesh_terms: D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D002947:Cities; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D004196:Disease Outbreaks; D004457:Echovirus Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000635:transmission / Q000821:virology*; D029822:Enterovirus B, Human / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D006801:Humans; D008582:Meningitis, Aseptic / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology*; D017720:Molecular Epidemiology; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010802:Phylogeny; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000235:genetics; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D012722:Sewage / Q000821:virology; D015678:Viral Structural Proteins / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D012367:RNA, Viral; D012722:Sewage; D015678:Viral Structural Proteins