title: The effects of amlodipine on the biochemical and histopathological changes in the rabbit ileum subjected to ischemia-reperfusion.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to determine the potential, protective effects of amlodipine in an experimental, ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) model in the rabbit small intestine.
  
  
  METHODS
  The rabbits were divided into four groups: sham-operated, amlodipine (10 mg/kg) + sham-operated, I/R, and I/R + amlodipine (10 mg/kg) groups. An intestinal I/R model was applied to the rabbits. The superior mesenteric artery was occluded for 1 h with an atraumatic vascular clamp and then was reperfused for 2 h. Animals in the amlodipine and I/R + amlodipine groups received the amlodipine by oral gavage. At the end of the 2-h-reperfusion period, the animals were sacrificed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Pretreatment with amlodipine significantly increased SOD activity and GSH levels to values close to those found in the serum from the I/R group. Rabbits in the I/R group showed high levels of serum MDA. Amlodipine pretreatment significantly reduced the serum MDA levels compared to the I/R group, although the MDA levels in the I/R + amlodipine group were still higher than in the sham-operated group. The I/R damage was ameliorated by amlodipine pretreatment, as evidenced by histopathological analysis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study is the first to report an attenuation of I/R-induced intestinal injury by the systemic administration of amlodipine.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: A Kagan
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Coskun
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Armagan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gunal
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Zekai
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Halici
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric surgery, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Akgun
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Oral
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Melik
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Seyrek
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey.
authors.forename: Yasin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Bayir
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Cenk
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kilic
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Taner
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yigit
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Tahir
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ozer
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: A Ihsan
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Uzar
keywords: Amlodipine; Glutathione; Ischemia-Reperfusion; Malonyldialdehyde; Rabbit; Superoxide Dismutase