title: Resistance selection and molecular mechanisms of cypermethrin resistance in red hairy caterpillar (Amsacta albistriga walker).
abstract: Amsacta albistriga is one of the important pests of oilseed crops in India. This pest has developed high resistance to organophosphate (OP) insecticide in field. Therefore, cypermethrin insecticide was used as an alternative for this pest. After 20 generations of selection with cypermethrin, the LD50 value for A. albistriga was increased by 21.5-folds. The synergism ratio of piperonyl butoxide (PBO) and triphenyl phosphate (TPP) was increased by 10- and 9.6-fold in resistant strains and comparatively, 3.9 and 4.2-fold in susceptible strains. Detoxification enzyme analysis and native PAGE electrophoresis of esterase isoenzyme further revealed that esterase and mixed function oxidase may be involved in cypermethrin resistance in CypRes strain. In addition to enzyme analysis overexpression of CYP4M44, CYP9A77 and CYP6B47 (ortholog) can confer metabolic resistance in the CypRes strain. These data provide a foundation for further study of cypermethrin resistance mechanism observed in A. albistriga.
authors.affiliation: Molecular Entomology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Periyar University, Periyar Palkalai Nagar, Salem 636011, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Muthusamy
authors.affiliation: Molecular Entomology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Periyar University, Periyar Palkalai Nagar, Salem 636011, Tamil Nadu, India. Electronic address: skentomol@gmail.com.
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Shivakumar
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004950:Esterases / Q000378:metabolism; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000378:metabolism; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000633:toxicity; D019476:Insect Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D007305:Insecticide Resistance / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D007306:Insecticides / Q000633:toxicity*; D007814:Larva / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics; D007915:Lepidoptera / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics; D008298:Maleates / Q000633:toxicity; D006899:Mixed Function Oxygenases / Q000235:genetics; D008999:Monocrotophos / Q000633:toxicity; D000073943:Neonicotinoids; D009574:Nitro Compounds / Q000633:toxicity; D010755:Organophosphates / Q000633:toxicity; D010574:Pesticide Synergists / Q000633:toxicity; D010802:Phylogeny; D010882:Piperonyl Butoxide / Q000633:toxicity; D011722:Pyrethrins / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D007093:Imidazoles; D019476:Insect Proteins; D007306:Insecticides; D008298:Maleates; D000073943:Neonicotinoids; D009574:Nitro Compounds; D010755:Organophosphates; D010574:Pesticide Synergists; D011722:Pyrethrins; C017160:cypermethrin; C082359:imidacloprid; D008999:Monocrotophos; D006899:Mixed Function Oxygenases; D005982:Glutathione Transferase; D004950:Esterases; C014476:diethyl maleate; D010882:Piperonyl Butoxide; C005445:triphenyl phosphate
keywords: Cytochrome P450; Electrophoresis; Gene expression; Metabolic enzymes; Pyrethriod resistant