title: Cyclic nucleotide signalling in kidney fibrosis.
abstract: Kidney fibrosis is an important factor for the progression of kidney diseases, e.g., diabetes mellitus induced kidney failure, glomerulosclerosis and nephritis resulting in chronic kidney disease or end-stage renal disease. Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) were implicated to suppress several of the above mentioned renal diseases. In this review article, identified effects and mechanisms of cGMP and cAMP regarding renal fibrosis are summarized. These mechanisms include several signalling pathways of nitric oxide/ANP/guanylyl cyclases/cGMP-dependent protein kinase and cAMP/Epac/adenylyl cyclases/cAMP-dependent protein kinase. Furthermore, diverse possible drugs activating these pathways are discussed. From these diverse mechanisms it is expected that new pharmacological treatments will evolve for the therapy or even prevention of kidney failure.
authors.affiliation: Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Regensburg, Regensburg 93053, Germany. elisabeth.schinner@chemie.uni-regensburg.de.
authors.forename: Elisabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Schinner
authors.affiliation: Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Regensburg, Regensburg 93053, Germany. Veronika.wetzl@chemie.uni-regensburg.de.
authors.forename: Veronika
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Wetzl
authors.affiliation: Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Regensburg, Regensburg 93053, Germany. jens.schlossmann@chemie.uni-regensburg.de.
authors.forename: Jens
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schlossmann
mesh_terms: D000262:Adenylyl Cyclases / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000378:metabolism*; D017362:Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D006152:Cyclic GMP / Q000378:metabolism*; D005355:Fibrosis; D020662:Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D010727:Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D017362:Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein; D020662:Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D000242:Cyclic AMP; D010727:Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases; D000262:Adenylyl Cyclases; D006152:Cyclic GMP