title: Effectiveness of biostimulation through nutrient content on the bioremediation of phenanthrene contaminated soil.
abstract: Bioremediation has shown its applicability for removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from soil and sediments. In the present study, the effect of biostimulation on phenanthrene removal from contaminated soil via adding macro and/or micronutrients and trace elements was investigated. For these purposes three macro nutrients (as N, P and K), eight micronutrients (as Mg, S, Fe, Cl, Zn, Mn, Cu and Na) and four trace elements (as B, Mo, Co and Ni) in 11 mineral salts (MS) as variables were used. Placket-Burman statistical design was used to evaluate significance of variables (MS) in two levels of high and low. A consortium of adapted microorganisms with PAHs was used for inoculation to the soil slurry which was spiked with phenanthrene in concentration of 500 mg/kg soil. The optimal reduction resulted when a high level of macro nutrient in the range of 67-87% and low level of micro nutrient in the range of 12-32% were used with the nitrogen as the dominant macronutrient. The Pareto chart showed that NH4NO3 was the most effective variable in this experiment. The effect of elements on phenanthrene biodegradation showed following sequence as N > K > P > Cl > Na > Mg. Effectiveness of the other elements in all runs was less than 1%. The type and concentration of nutrient can play an important role in biodegradation of phenanthrene. Biostimulation with suitable combination of nutrient can enhance bioremediation of PAHs contaminated soils.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Roshanak Rezaei
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Kalantary
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Anoushiravan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mohseni-Bandpi
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Esrafili
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health and Center for Water Quality Research, Institute forEnvironmental Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Simin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nasseri
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Fatemeh Rashid
authors.initials: FR
authors.lastname: Ashmagh
authors.affiliation: Environmental Technology Research Center, Ahvaz Jondishapour University of MedicalSciences, Ahvaz, Iran ; School of Public Health, Ahvaz Jondishapour University of MedicalSciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
authors.forename: Sahand
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jorfi
authors.affiliation: Petroleum University of technology, Abadan faculty of petroleum engineering, Abadan, Iran.
authors.forename: Mahsa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ja'fari
keywords: Bioremediation; Biostimulation; Macro/Micro nutrient; Phenanthrene; Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons