title: Ameliorating the effect of astragaloside IV on learning and memory deficit after chronic cerebral hypoperfusion in rats.
abstract: Astragaloside IV (AS-IV) has been reported to have a prominent antioxidant effect and was proposed as a promising agent for the prevention of neurodegenerative disorders accompanied by cognitive impairment. The present study investigated the ameliorating effect of AS-IV on learning and memory deficits induced by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion in rats. Rats were treated with two doses of AS-IV (10 and 20 mg/kg, i.p.) daily for 28 days starting from the 5th week after permanent bilateral common carotid artery occlusion. AS-IV treatment (at dose of 20 mg/kg) significantly improved the spatial learning and memory deficits assessed using the Morris water maze test in rats with chronic cerebral hypoperfusion. AS-IV significantly attenuated neuronal apoptosis as well as the levels of superoxide dismutase and lipid peroxidation markers, including malondialdehyde and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal, in the hippocampus. AS-IV also significantly reduced 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine expression, a maker of oxidative DNA damage, while significantly inhibited the astrocyte and microglia activation in the hippocampus. The results indicate that AS-IV has therapeutic potential for the prevention of dementia caused by cerebral hypoperfusion and suggest that the ameliorating effect of AS-IV on learning and memory deficits might be the result of suppressing neuronal apoptosis and oxidative damage in the hippocampus.
authors.affiliation: Department of East-West Medical Science, Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 446-701, Korea. hwany112@nate.com.
authors.forename: Sooyong
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of East-West Medical Science, Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 446-701, Korea. hukhihaha@hanmail.net.
authors.forename: Il-Hwan
authors.initials: IH
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.affiliation: Department of East-West Medical Science, Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 446-701, Korea. j789524@empal.com.
authors.forename: Jung-Bum
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Nam
authors.affiliation: Department of East-West Medical Science, Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 446-701, Korea. truthmam@naver.com.
authors.forename: Yoonchul
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.affiliation: Department of East-West Medical Science, Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 446-701, Korea. ormd2020@naver.com.
authors.forename: Doo-Young
authors.initials: DY
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.affiliation: Department of East-West Medical Science, Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 446-701, Korea. hwany112@nate.com.
authors.forename: Seung-Hwan
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of East-West Medical Science, Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 446-701, Korea. kimjeongs@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Jeong-Soo
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of East-West Medical Science, Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 446-701, Korea. truthmam@naver.com.
authors.forename: Yong-Deok
authors.initials: YD
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.affiliation: Department of East-West Medical Science, Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 446-701, Korea. ekhong09@hanmail.net.
authors.forename: Eun-Ki
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.affiliation: Department of East-West Medical Science, Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 446-701, Korea. sohnnw@khu.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Nak-Won
authors.initials: NW
authors.lastname: Sohn
authors.affiliation: Department of East-West Medical Science, Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 446-701, Korea. shinarago@khu.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Jung-Won
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Shin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017209:Apoptosis; D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D002340:Carotid Artery Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation; D002908:Chronic Disease; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; D005904:Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000098:blood supply / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D018782:Maze Learning; D008840:Microfilament Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D009457:Neuroglia / Q000502:physiology; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012503:Saponins / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014315:Triterpenes / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: C100745:Aif1 protein, rat; D000975:Antioxidants; D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins; D005904:Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein; D008840:Microfilament Proteins; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D012503:Saponins; D014315:Triterpenes; C052064:astragaloside A