title: Disinfection of raw wastewater and activated sludge effluent using Fenton like reagent.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Water shortage problems have led to find either new water resources or improve wastewater treatment technologies in order to reuse. Due to less performance of previous units in microbial removal, disinfection has become a necessary step in wastewater treatment plants. In the present study performance of hydrogen peroxide (HP) and modified Fenton's reagent (HP + Cu(++)) was considered for the disinfection of raw wastewater (RW) and activated sludge effluent (ASE).
  
  
  METHODS
  Plastic containers of 10-liter volume each were used for RW and ASE sampling. Microbiological analyses of the RW and ASE were performed in triplicate; before and after the disinfection process. Fecal coliforms were analyzed by the direct (without enrichment) multiple fermentation tube procedure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results showed that using HP alone did not have any significant disinfection capability. In RW and ASE, the highest dose used in this study could reduce fecal coliforms (FC)s by only 1.54 and 1.16 log-inactivation, respectively. However, Maximum removal efficiency of modified Fenton in RW and ASE was 4.63 and 3.41 log-inactivation, respectively. The results suggested that Cu(++) ions used in combination with H2O2 produced very rigorous synergistic effect, and HP disinfection capacity increased significantly.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hydrogen peroxide, when applied alone, was not successful in disinfecting of either RW or ASE, and neither the WHO guideline nor the Iranian standard could be met. However, modified Fenton showed very significant disinfection potential and could reduce FCs under World Health Organization (WHO) guideline and Iranian national standard for agricultural irrigation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Hassan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Aslani
authors.affiliation: Center for Air Pollution Research, Institute for Environmental Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Ramin
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nabizadeh
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Mahmood
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Alimohammadi
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Alireza
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mesdaghinia
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Kazem
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nadafi
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Reza
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nemati
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Maryam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ghani
keywords: Cu++ ions; Disinfection; Effluent; Modified Fenton; Raw wastewater