title: Growth-Regulating Factors (GRFs): A Small Transcription Factor Family with Important Functions in Plant Biology.
abstract: Growth-regulating factors (GRFs) are plant-specific transcription factors that were originally identified for their roles in stem and leaf development, but recent studies highlight them to be similarly important for other central developmental processes including flower and seed formation, root development, and the coordination of growth processes under adverse environmental conditions. The expression of several GRFs is controlled by microRNA miR396, and the GRF-miRNA396 regulatory module appears to be central to several of these processes. In addition, transcription factors upstream of GRFs and miR396 have been discovered, and gradually downstream target genes of GRFs are being unraveled. Here, we review the current knowledge of the biological functions performed by GRFs and survey available molecular data to illustrate how they exert their roles at the cellular level.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, Haus 20, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany; Max-Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany.
authors.forename: Mohammad Amin
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Omidbakhshfard
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, Haus 20, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany; Max-Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany.
authors.forename: Sebastian
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Proost
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, Haus 20, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany.
authors.forename: Ushio
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Fujikura
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, Haus 20, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany; Max-Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany. Electronic address: bmr@uni-potsdam.de.
authors.forename: Bernd
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Mueller-Roeber
mesh_terms: D035264:Flowers / Q000254:growth & development; D063245:Plant Development; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D010944:Plants / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D010940:Plant Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors
keywords: abiotic stress; chromatin remodeling; flower development; growth regulation; leaf development; miRNA