title: Balancing the personal, local, institutional, and global: multiple case study and multidimensional scaling analysis of African experiences in addressing complexity and political economy in health research capacity strengthening.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Strengthening health research capacity in low- and middle-income countries remains a major policy goal. The Health Research Capacity Strengthening (HRCS) Global Learning (HGL) program of work documented experiences of HRCS across sub-Saharan Africa.
  
  
  METHODS
  We reviewed findings from HGL case studies and reflective papers regarding the dynamics of HRCS. Analysis was structured with respect to common challenges in such work, identified through a multi-dimensional scaling analysis of responses from 37 participants at the concluding symposium of the program of work.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Symposium participants identified 10 distinct clusters of challenges: engaging researchers, policymakers, and donors; securing trust and cooperation; finding common interest; securing long-term funding; establishing sustainable models of capacity strengthening; ensuring Southern ownership; accommodating local health system priorities and constraints; addressing disincentives for academic engagement; establishing and retaining research teams; and sustaining mentorship and institutional support. Analysis links these challenges to three key and potentially competing drivers of the political economy of health research: an enduring model of independent researchers and research leaders, the globalization of knowledge and the linked mobility of (elite) individuals, and institutionalization of research within universities and research centres and, increasingly, national research and development agendas.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We identify tensions between efforts to embrace the global 'Community of Science' and the promotion and protection of national and institutional agendas in an unequal global health research environment. A nuanced understanding of the dynamics and implications of the uneven global health research landscape is required, along with a willingness to explore pragmatic models that seek to balance these competing drivers.
authors.forename: Alastair
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ager
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, University of Western Cape, Robert Sobukwe Road, Bellville, Cape Town 7535, South Africa. czarowsky@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Christina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zarowsky
mesh_terms: D017954:Africa South of the Sahara; D057191:Capacity Building; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D003659:Decision Making, Organizational; D003906:Developing Countries; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D014943:Global Health; D006292:Health Priorities; D006801:Humans; D007391:International Cooperation; D019982:Organizational Case Studies; D011634:Public Health