title: Serum and urinary MIP-1α and IP-10 levels in children with urinary tract infections.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a common bacterial disease in infants and children, with potentially serious complications, including kidney damage. The aim of this study was to test whether serum and urinary levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), macrophage inflammatory protein-1a (MIP-1a) and interferon-γ-inducible protein-10 (IP-10) can be used as biomarkers in children with urinary tract infections.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study group consisted of 22 children with UTI and 20 controls. Blood and urine samples were collected in the acute phase and the convalescent phase, on the eighth day after the onset of antibiotic therapy. Serum and urine levels of MIP-1a, IP-10 and IL-6 were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In children with UTI in the acute phase, serum MIP-1a and IL-6 levels were significantly higher compared to the controls (p<0.05 and p<0.005, respectively). A correlation between the serum levels of the chemokines MIP-1a and IP-10 in the acute phase was found.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings suggest that the chemokines MIP-1a or IP-10 respond to infection, but they cannot be used as biomarkers for UTI in childhood.
authors.affiliation: 3rd Department and Clinic of Pediatrics, Immunology and Rheumatology of Developmental Age, Wroclaw Medical University, Poland.
authors.forename: Daiva
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gorczyca
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Institute of Genetics and Microbiology, Wroclaw Medical University, Poland.
authors.forename: Daria
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Augustyniak
authors.affiliation: 3rd Department and Clinic of Pediatrics, Immunology and Rheumatology of Developmental Age, Wroclaw Medical University, Poland.
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Basiewicz-Worsztynowicz
authors.affiliation: 3rd Department and Clinic of Pediatrics, Immunology and Rheumatology of Developmental Age, Wroclaw Medical University, Poland.
authors.forename: Wiesława
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Karnas-Kalemba
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D054405:Chemokine CCL3 / Q000097:blood* / Q000652:urine*; D054357:Chemokine CXCL10 / Q000097:blood* / Q000652:urine*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014552:Urinary Tract Infections / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000652:urine*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D015415:Biomarkers; C515429:CCL3 protein, human; C114753:CXCL10 protein, human; D054405:Chemokine CCL3; D054357:Chemokine CXCL10