title: Emotional sensitivity, emotion regulation and impulsivity in borderline personality disorder: a critical review of fMRI studies.
abstract: Emotional sensitivity, emotion regulation and impulsivity are fundamental topics in research of borderline personality disorder (BPD). Studies using fMRI examining the neural correlates concerning these topics is growing and has just begun understanding the underlying neural correlates in BPD. However, there are strong similarities but also important differences in results of different studies. It is therefore important to know in more detail what these differences are and how we should interpret these. In present review a critical light is shed on the fMRI studies examining emotional sensitivity, emotion regulation and impulsivity in BPD patients. First an outline of the methodology and the results of the studies will be given. Thereafter important issues that remained unanswered and topics to improve future research are discussed. Future research should take into account the limited power of previous studies and focus more on BPD specificity with regard to time course responses, different regulation strategies, manipulation of self-regulation, medication use, a wider range of stimuli, gender effects and the inclusion of a clinical control group.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Psychological Science, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands. Electronic address: linda.vanzutphen@maastrichtuniversity.nl.
authors.forename: Linda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: van Zutphen
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Psychological Science, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Nicolette
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Siep
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Gitta A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Jacob
authors.affiliation: Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Department of Neuroimaging and Neuromodeling, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Rainer
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Goebel
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Psychological Science, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Arnoud
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Arntz
mesh_terms: D001883:Borderline Personality Disorder / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology*; D001921:Brain / Q000503:physiopathology*; D056348:Emotional Intelligence / Q000502:physiology*; D004644:Emotions / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007175:Impulsive Behavior / Q000502:physiology*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging
keywords: Borderline personality disorder; Emotion dysregulation; Emotional reactivity; Emotional responsivity; Emotional sensitivity; Impulsivity; Neuroimaging; Response inhibition; fMRI