title: Effects of microcystin-LR on bacterial and fungal functional genes profile in rat gut.
abstract: The short-term exposure to microcystin-LR (MC-LR, one of the most common and toxic variants generated by toxigenic cyanobacteria) induced gut dysfunction such as generation of reactive oxygen species, cell erosion and deficient intestinal absorption of nutrients. However, till now, little is known about its impact on gut microbial community, which has been considered as necessary metabolic assistant and stresses resistant entities for the host. This study was designed to reveal the shift of microbial functional genes in the gut of rat orally gavaged with MC-LR. GeoChip detected a high diversity of bacterial and fungal genes involved in basic metabolic processes and stress resistance. The results showed that the composition of functional genes was significantly changed in rat gut after one week of exposure to MC-LR, and we found some relatively enriched genes that are involved in carbon degradation including chitin, starch and limonene metabolism, and these genes were mainly derived from fungal and bacterial pathogens. In addition, we found large amounts of significantly enriched genes relevant to degradation of the specific carbon compounds, aromatics. The dysbiosis of bacterial and fungal flora gave an implication of pathogens invasion. The enriched gene functions could be linked to acute gastroenteritis induced by MC-LR.
authors.affiliation: Donghu Experimental Station of Lake Ecosystems, State Key Laboratory for Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, PR China; Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10049, PR China.
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Donghu Experimental Station of Lake Ecosystems, State Key Laboratory for Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, PR China.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Donghu Experimental Station of Lake Ecosystems, State Key Laboratory for Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, PR China; Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10049, PR China.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: Donghu Experimental Station of Lake Ecosystems, State Key Laboratory for Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, PR China; Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10049, PR China.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Conservation of Aquatic Organisms, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.
authors.forename: Qingyun
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.affiliation: Institute for Environmental Genomics, Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA.
authors.forename: Jizhong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Donghu Experimental Station of Lake Ecosystems, State Key Laboratory for Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, PR China. Electronic address: xieping@ihb.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Xie
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D002681:China; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D000458:Cyanobacteria / Q000737:chemistry*; D004798:Enzymes / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005243:Feces / Q000737:chemistry; D041981:Gastrointestinal Tract / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology*; D015964:Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics; D015966:Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics; D008387:Marine Toxins; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D046228:Microarray Analysis; D064307:Microbiota / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics; D052998:Microcystins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000633:toxicity*; D010802:Phylogeny; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D004798:Enzymes; D008387:Marine Toxins; D052998:Microcystins; C057862:cyanoginosin LR
keywords: GeoChip; Microbial functional gene; Microcystin-LR; Rat gut