title: The pH-dependent long-term stability of an amorphous manganese oxide in smelter-polluted soils: implication for chemical stabilization of metals and metalloids.
abstract: An amorphous manganese oxide (AMO) and a Pb smelter-polluted agricultural soil amended with the AMO and incubated for 2 and 6 months were subjected to a pH-static leaching procedure (pH 3-8) to verify the chemical stabilization effect on metals and metalloids. The AMO stability in pure water was pH-dependent with the highest Mn release at pH 3 (47% dissolved) and the lowest at pH 8 (0.14% dissolved). Secondary rhodochrosite (MnCO3) was formed at the AMO surfaces at pH>5. The AMO dissolved significantly less after 6 months of incubation. Sequential extraction analysis indicated that "labile" fraction of As, Pb and Sb in soil significantly decreased after AMO amendment. The pH-static experiments indicated that no effect on leaching was observed for Cd and Zn after AMO treatments, whereas the leaching of As, Cu, Pb and Sb decreased down to 20%, 35%, 7% and 11% of the control, respectively. The remediation efficiency was more pronounced under acidic conditions and the time of incubation generally led to increased retention of the targeted contaminants. The AMO was found to be a promising agent for the chemical stabilization of polluted soils.
authors.affiliation: 1 Institute of Geochemistry, Mineralogy and Mineral Resources, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Albertov 6, 128 43 Prague 2, Czech Republic. Electronic address: ettler@natur.cuni.cz.
authors.forename: Vojtěch
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ettler
authors.affiliation: 1 Institute of Geochemistry, Mineralogy and Mineral Resources, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Albertov 6, 128 43 Prague 2, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Zdeňka
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Tomášová
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Geosciences, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 21 Prague 6 - Suchdol, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Komárek
authors.affiliation: 1 Institute of Geochemistry, Mineralogy and Mineral Resources, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Albertov 6, 128 43 Prague 2, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mihaljevič
authors.affiliation: Laboratories of the Geological Institutes, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Albertov 6, 128 43 Prague 2, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Ondřej
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Šebek
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Geosciences, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 21 Prague 6 - Suchdol, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Zuzana
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Michálková
mesh_terms: D001151:Arsenic / Q000737:chemistry*; D052918:Environmental Restoration and Remediation; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007220:Industrial Waste; D017895:Manganese Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*; D008669:Metallurgy; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000737:chemistry*; D010087:Oxides / Q000737:chemistry*; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000737:chemistry*; D018505:Waste Management
chemical_list: D007220:Industrial Waste; D017895:Manganese Compounds; D019216:Metals, Heavy; D010087:Oxides; D012989:Soil Pollutants; C027424:manganese oxide; D001151:Arsenic
keywords: Amorphous manganese oxide; Chemical stabilization; Metal(loid)s; Polluted soil; pH-static experiment