title: What can the national quality forum tell us about performance measurement in anesthesiology?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Anesthesiologists face increasing pressure to demonstrate the value of the care they provide, whether locally or nationally through public reporting and payor requirements. In this article, we describe the current state of performance measurement in anesthesia care at the national level and highlight gaps and opportunities in performance measurement for anesthesiologists.
  
  
  METHODS
  We evaluated all endorsed performance measures in the National Quality Forum (NQF), the clearinghouse for all federal performance measures, and classified all measures as follows: (1) anesthesia-specific; (2) surgery-specific; (3) jointly attributable; or (4) other. We used NQF-provided descriptors to characterize measures in terms of (1) structure, process, outcome, or efficiency; (2) patients, disease, and events targeted; (3) procedural specialty; (4) reporting eligibility; (5) measures stewards; and (6) timing in the care stream.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 637 endorsed performance measures, few (6, 1.0%) were anesthesia-specific. An additional 39 measures (6.1%) were surgery-specific, and 67 others (10.5%) were jointly attributable. "Anesthesia-specific" measures addressed preoperative antibiotic timing (n = 4), normothermia (n = 1), and protocol use for the placement of central venous catheter (n = 1). Jointly attributable measures included outcome measures (n = 49/67, 73.1%), which were weighted toward mortality alone (n = 24) and cardiac surgery (n = 14). Other jointly attributable measures addressed orthopedic surgery (n = 4), general surgical oncologic resections (n = 12), or nonspecified surgeries (n = 15), but none specifically addressed anesthesia care outside the operating room such as for endoscopy. Only 4 measures were eligible for value-based purchasing. No named anesthesiology professional groups were among measure stewards, but surgical professional groups (n = 33/67, 47%) were frequent measure stewards.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Few NQF performance measures are specific to anesthesia practice, and none of these appears to demonstrate the value of anesthesia care or differentiate high-quality providers. To demonstrate their role in patient-centered, outcome-driven care, anesthesiologists may consider actively partnering in jointly attributable or team-based reporting. Future measures may incorporate surgical procedures not proportionally represented, as well as procedural and sedation care provided in nonoperating room settings.
authors.affiliation: From the *Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; †Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee; ‡Department of Anesthesiology, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, New York; §Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; ∥Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; ¶Anesthesia Quality Institute, Park Ridge, Illinois; #Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; **Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; ††Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, University of Pennsylvania Health System, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; and ‡‡Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Joseph A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Hyder
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Niconchuk
authors.forename: Laurent G
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Glance
authors.forename: Mark D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Neuman
authors.forename: Robert R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Cima
authors.forename: Richard P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Dutton
authors.forename: Louis L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.forename: Lee A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Fleisher
authors.forename: Angela M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Bader
mesh_terms: D000758:Anesthesia / Q000592:standards; D000776:Anesthesiology / Q000592:standards* / Q000639:trends; D002983:Clinical Competence / Q000592:standards*; D006801:Humans; D011785:Quality Assurance, Health Care / Q000592:standards* / Q000639:trends; D014481:United States