title: Effects of a spoilage yeast from silage on in vitro ruminal fermentation.
abstract: Feeding silages with high concentrations of yeasts from aerobic spoilage is often implicated as a cause of poor animal performance on dairies. Our objective was to determine if a commonly found spoilage yeast, isolated from silage, had the potential to alter in vitro ruminal fermentations. A single colony of Issatchenkia orientalis, isolated from high-moisture corn, was grown in selective medium. The yeast culture was purified and added to in vitro culture tubes containing a total mixed ration (43% concentrate, 43% corn silage, 11% alfalfa haylage, and 3% alfalfa hay on a dry matter basis), buffer, and ruminal fluid to achieve added theoretical final concentrations of 0 (CTR), 4.40 (low yeast; LY), 6.40 (medium yeast; MY), and 8.40 (high yeast; HY) log10 cfu of yeast/mL of in vitro fluid. Seven separate tubes were prepared for each treatment and each time point and incubated for 12 and 24h at 39 °C. At the end of the incubation period, samples were analyzed for pH, yeast number, neutral detergent fiber (NDF) digestibility, volatile fatty acids (VFA), and fatty acids (FA). We found that total viable yeast counts decreased for all treatments in in vitro incubations but were still relatively high (5.3 log10 cfu of yeasts/mL) for HY after 24h of incubation. Addition of HY resulted in a lower pH and higher concentration of total VFA in culture fluid compared with other treatments. Moreover, additions of MY and HY decreased in vitro NDF digestibility compared with CTR, and the effect was greatest for HY. Overall, the biohydrogenation of dietary unsaturated FA was not altered by addition of I. orientalis and decreased over time with an increase in the accumulation of saturated FA, especially palmitic and stearic acids. We conclude that addition of I. orientalis, especially at high levels, has the potential to reduce in vitro NDF digestion and alter other aspects of ruminal fermentations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark 19716.
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824-1225.
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Lock
authors.affiliation: Elanco Animal Health, Orchard Park, NY 14127-2074.
authors.forename: G D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Mechor
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark 19716. Electronic address: lksilage@udel.edu.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kung
mesh_terms: D000824:Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle / Q000378:metabolism*; D004032:Diet / Q000662:veterinary; D004063:Digestion; D005260:Female; D005285:Fermentation; D012417:Rumen / Q000378:metabolism*; D004718:Saccharomycetales / Q000502:physiology*; D012820:Silage / Q000032:analysis / Q000382:microbiology
keywords: Issatchenkia orientalis; corn silage; fiber digestibility; milk fat depression