title: Previous infection of sows with a "mild" strain of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus confers protection against infection with a "severe" strain.
abstract: Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDv) infected approximately 50% of the US swine breeding herds from July 2013 to July 2014 as estimated by the Swine Health Monitoring Project. In the absence of effective vaccines or standard control protocols, there is an urgent need for evidence of cross-protective immune countermeasures. Here, we evaluated the response of 3-day-old piglets born to sows exposed seven months earlier to a mild strain of PEDv to challenge with a virulent PEDv isolate. Piglet survival to one week of age was 100% compared to 67% in piglets born to sows not previously exposed, and morbidity was 43% compared to 100%, respectively. At necropsy at 7 days of age, the PEDv Ct value was 23.6 (range 16.6-30.6) in intestinal contents, compared to 17.2 (range 15.9-18.5) (p<0.06) in litters from sows with no previous exposure to PEDv. The findings indicated that durable lactogenic immunity was present in sows previously exposed to a mild strain of PEDv and this immunity induced cross-protection to representative virulent PEDv. Thus, a naturally attenuated form of PEDv provided significant passive immune protection for seven months against piglet challenge with virulent PEDv.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, United States.
authors.forename: Dane
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Goede
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, United States.
authors.forename: Michael P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Murtaugh
authors.affiliation: Pipestone Veterinary Clinic, Pipestone, MN, United States.
authors.forename: Joel
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nerem
authors.affiliation: Swine Vet Center, St. Peter, MN, United States.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Yeske
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, United States.
authors.forename: Kurt
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Rossow
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, United States. Electronic address: bobm@umn.edu.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Morrison
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018352:Coronavirus Infections / Q000276:immunology / Q000662:veterinary* / Q000821:virology; D005260:Female; D053485:Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D013552:Swine; D013553:Swine Diseases / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology; D014774:Virulence
keywords: Colostrum; Epidemic diarrhea; Immunity; Pig; Porcine; Sow