title: Centralized isolation of Helicobacter pylori from multiple centers and transport condition influences.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the efficacy of centralized culture and possible influencing factors.
  
  
  METHODS
  From January 2010 to July 2012, 66452 patients with suspected Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection from 26 hospitals in Zhejiang and Jiangsu Provinces in China underwent gastrointestinal endoscopy. Gastric mucosal biopsies were taken from the antrum for culture. These biopsies were transported under natural environmental temperature to the central laboratory in Hangzhou city and divided into three groups based on their transport time: 5, 24 and 48 h. The culture results were reported after 72 h and the positive culture rates were analyzed by a χ (2) test. An additional 5736 biopsies from H. pylori-positive patients (5646 rapid urease test-positive and 90 (14)C-urease breath test-positive) were also cultured for quality control in the central laboratory setting.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The positive culture rate was 31.66% (21036/66452) for the patient samples and 71.72% (4114/5736) for the H. pylori-positive quality control specimens. In the 5 h transport group, the positive culture rate was 30.99% (3865/12471), and 32.84% (14960/45553) in the 24 h transport group. In contrast, the positive culture rate declined significantly in the 48 h transport group (26.25%; P < 0.001). During transportation, the average natural temperature increased from 4.67 to 29.14 °C, while the positive culture rate declined from 36.67% (1462/3987) to 24.12% (1799/7459). When the temperature exceeded 24 °C, the positive culture rate decreased significantly, especially in the 48 h transport group (23.17%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Transportation of specimens within 24 h and below 24 °C is reasonable and acceptable for centralized culture of multicenter H. pylori samples.
authors.affiliation: Ya-Nan Gong, Jian-Zhong Zhang, State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China.
authors.forename: Ya-Nan
authors.initials: YN
authors.lastname: Gong
authors.affiliation: Ya-Nan Gong, Jian-Zhong Zhang, State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China.
authors.forename: You-Ming
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Ya-Nan Gong, Jian-Zhong Zhang, State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China.
authors.forename: Ning-Min
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Ya-Nan Gong, Jian-Zhong Zhang, State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China.
authors.forename: Hong-Zhang
authors.initials: HZ
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Ya-Nan Gong, Jian-Zhong Zhang, State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China.
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: Ya-Nan Gong, Jian-Zhong Zhang, State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China.
authors.forename: Lang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Ya-Nan Gong, Jian-Zhong Zhang, State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China.
authors.forename: Qun-Ying
authors.initials: QY
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Ya-Nan Gong, Jian-Zhong Zhang, State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China.
authors.forename: Jia-Kun
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Ya-Nan Gong, Jian-Zhong Zhang, State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China.
authors.forename: Zi-Zhong
authors.initials: ZZ
authors.lastname: Ji
authors.affiliation: Ya-Nan Gong, Jian-Zhong Zhang, State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China.
authors.forename: Ji-Bo
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Mao
authors.affiliation: Ya-Nan Gong, Jian-Zhong Zhang, State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China.
authors.forename: Jun-Liang
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Mao
authors.affiliation: Ya-Nan Gong, Jian-Zhong Zhang, State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China.
authors.forename: Zheng-Chao
authors.initials: ZC
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: Ya-Nan Gong, Jian-Zhong Zhang, State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China.
authors.forename: Wu-Heng
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: Ya-Nan Gong, Jian-Zhong Zhang, State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China.
authors.forename: Xin-Jian
authors.initials: XJ
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Ya-Nan Gong, Jian-Zhong Zhang, State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Shao
authors.affiliation: Ya-Nan Gong, Jian-Zhong Zhang, State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China.
authors.forename: Xiao-Feng
authors.initials: XF
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Ya-Nan Gong, Jian-Zhong Zhang, State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China.
authors.forename: Xing-Hua
authors.initials: XH
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Ya-Nan Gong, Jian-Zhong Zhang, State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China.
authors.forename: Yue-Feng
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Tong
authors.affiliation: Ya-Nan Gong, Jian-Zhong Zhang, State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China.
authors.forename: Mi-Zu
authors.initials: MZ
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Ya-Nan Gong, Jian-Zhong Zhang, State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China.
authors.forename: Guang-Lan
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Ya-Nan Gong, Jian-Zhong Zhang, State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China.
authors.forename: Zhi-Yong
authors.initials: ZY
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Ya-Nan Gong, Jian-Zhong Zhang, State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China.
authors.forename: Hui-Min
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Tu
authors.affiliation: Ya-Nan Gong, Jian-Zhong Zhang, State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China.
authors.forename: Guo-Fa
authors.initials: GF
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Ya-Nan Gong, Jian-Zhong Zhang, State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China.
authors.forename: Jian-Sheng
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Ya-Nan Gong, Jian-Zhong Zhang, State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China.
authors.forename: Xu-Peng
authors.initials: XP
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Ya-Nan Gong, Jian-Zhong Zhang, State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China.
authors.forename: Qiu-Long
authors.initials: QL
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.affiliation: Ya-Nan Gong, Jian-Zhong Zhang, State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China.
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ouyang
authors.affiliation: Ya-Nan Gong, Jian-Zhong Zhang, State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China.
authors.forename: Feng-Zhe
authors.initials: FZ
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.affiliation: Ya-Nan Gong, Jian-Zhong Zhang, State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China.
authors.forename: Yan-Li
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Ya-Nan Gong, Jian-Zhong Zhang, State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China.
authors.forename: Jian-Zhong
authors.initials: JZ
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D001706:Biopsy; D002497:Centralized Hospital Services / Q000458:organization & administration; D002681:China; D016099:Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005753:Gastric Mucosa / Q000382:microbiology*; D016481:Helicobacter Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000382:microbiology*; D016480:Helicobacter pylori / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D006801:Humans; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013048:Specimen Handling / Q000379:methods*; D013696:Temperature; D013997:Time Factors; D014186:Transportation
keywords: Centralized isolation; Helicobacter pylori; Influencing factor; Multiple centers; Personalized treatment