title: Suicidality and its relationship with depression, alcohol disorders and childhood experiences of violence: results from the ESEMeD study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Suicidality constitutes a major health concern in many countries. The aim of the present paper was to analyse 10 of its risk factors and their interdependence.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data on suicidality, mental disorders and experience of childhood violence was collected from 8796 respondents in the European Study of the Epidemiology of Mental Disorders (ESEMeD). The CIDI was used to assess mental disorders. Individuals were randomly divided into two subgroups. In one, a Graphical Markov model to predict suicidality was constructed, in the second, predictors were cross-validated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Lifetime suicidality was predicted mainly by lifetime depression and early experiences of violence, with a pseudo R-square of 12.8%. In addition, alcohol disorders predicted suicidality, but played a minor role compared with the other risk factors in this sample.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In addition to depression, early experience of violence constitutes an important risk factor of suicidality.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is a cross-sectional and retrospective study assessing risk factors for suicidality, not for suicide itself.
authors.affiliation: Medizinische Psychologie und Medizinische Soziologie, Klinik für Psycho-somatische Medizin und Psychotherapie, Universitätsmedizin Mainz, Germany. Electronic address: jochen.hardt@gmx.de.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hardt
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medical Sociology, Department of Rehabilitation Research, Charité - University Medicine Berlin.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bernert
authors.affiliation: Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health (ISAP), Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Matschinger
authors.affiliation: Center for Public Mental Health, Gösing am Wagram, Austria; Department of Public Health, University of Cagliari, Italy.
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Angermeier
authors.affiliation: Health Services Research Unit, IMIM- Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Vilagut
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Gasthuisberg; Leuven, Belgium.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bruffaerts
authors.affiliation: IRCCS St John of God Fatebenefratelli, Via Pilastroni, 4, 25125, Brescia, Italy.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: de Girolamo
authors.affiliation: Netherlands Institute of Mental Health and Addiction (Trimbos-Instituut), Utrecht, Nl; Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: de Graaf
authors.affiliation: CIBER en Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain.
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Haro
authors.affiliation: EA4069, Paris Descartes University, Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Santé Publique (EHESP), Paris, France.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Kovess
authors.affiliation: Health Services Research Unit, IMIM- Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Alonso
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003863:Depression / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D005060:Europe / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008390:Markov Chains; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D059020:Suicidal Ideation; D014754:Violence
keywords: Alcohol; Cross-national survey; Depression; Suicidal ideation; Suicide attempt