title: Cyberbullying perpetration and victimization among middle-school students.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We examined correlations between gender, race, sexual identity, and technology use, and patterns of cyberbullying experiences and behaviors among middle-school students.
  
  
  METHODS
  We collected a probability sample of 1285 students alongside the 2012 Youth Risk Behavior Survey in Los Angeles Unified School District middle schools. We used logistic regressions to assess the correlates of being a cyberbully perpetrator, victim, and perpetrator-victim (i.e., bidirectional cyberbullying behavior).
  
  
  RESULTS
  In this sample, 6.6% reported being a cyberbully victim, 5.0% reported being a perpetrator, and 4.3% reported being a perpetrator-victim. Cyberbullying behavior frequently occurred on Facebook or via text messaging. Cyberbully perpetrators, victims, and perpetrators-victims all were more likely to report using the Internet for at least 3 hours per day. Sexual-minority students and students who texted at least 50 times per day were more likely to report cyberbullying victimization. Girls were more likely to report being perpetrators-victims.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cyberbullying interventions should account for gender and sexual identity, as well as the possible benefits of educational interventions for intensive Internet users and frequent texters.
authors.affiliation: Eric Rice, Robin Petering, Harmony Rhoades, Hailey Winetrobe, and Jeremy Goldbach are with the School of Social Work, University of Southern California, Los Angeles. Aaron Plant and Jorge Montoya are with Sentient Research, West Covina, CA. Timothy Kordic is with Los Angeles Unified School District, Health Education Programs, HIV/AIDS Prevention Unit, Los Angeles.
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rice
authors.forename: Robin
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Petering
authors.forename: Harmony
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Rhoades
authors.forename: Hailey
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Winetrobe
authors.forename: Jeremy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Goldbach
authors.forename: Aaron
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Plant
authors.forename: Jorge
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Montoya
authors.forename: Timothy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kordic
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D058445:Bullying / Q000523:psychology*; D002648:Child; D034742:Electronic Mail / Q000706:statistics & numerical data* / Q000639:trends; D005260:Female; D005783:Gender Identity; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D015141:Los Angeles; D008297:Male; D012309:Risk-Taking; D017678:Sex Distribution; D012725:Sexual Behavior; D061108:Social Media / Q000706:statistics & numerical data* / Q000639:trends; D013334:Students / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D060145:Text Messaging / Q000706:statistics & numerical data* / Q000639:trends