title: Primary radiotherapy for nonsurgically managed Stage I endometrial cancer: Utilization and impact of brachytherapy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The National Cancer Data Base (NCDB) was analyzed to evaluate practice patterns and the impact of radiotherapy modalities for endometrial cancer treated with primary radiotherapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  The NCDB was queried for Stage I endometrioid adenocarcinoma patients treated with primary radiotherapy without surgery from 1998 to 2006. Brachytherapy (BT) utilization factors were established using multivariable logistic regression. Log-rank and Cox proportional hazards modeling were used to assess variables impacting survival.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 853 patients were analyzed: 23.7%, 31.3%, and 45.0% received BT alone, external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) and BT, or EBRT alone. The BT utilization ranged from 40.5% to 51.9% over time (p=0.70). Lower utilization was associated with advanced age (≥80 years: odds ratio [OR] 0.43, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.28-0.65, p<0.01) and facilities with volume in the bottom quartile (OR 0.44, 95% CI 0.30-0.66, p<0.01). Utilization was higher among patients living more than 30 miles from the facilities (OR 2.14, 95%CI 1.35-3.42, p<0.01). With 36-month median followup, unadjusted median survivals for EBRT dose of 30Gy or lower, EBRT dose higher than 30Gy, BT, and EBRT+BT were 12.6, 31.1, 44.6, and 57.1 months (p<0.01). After correcting for other factors, higher risk of mortality was seen with EBRT dose of 30Gy or lower (hazard ratio [HR]2.75, 95% CI 1.66-4.55, p<0.01) and EBRT dose higher than 30Gy (HR 1.43, 95% CI 1.07-1.91, p=0.02) compared with EBRT+BT. No difference was seen using BT alone (HR 1.29, 95% CI 0.92-1.79, p=0.14).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  BT utilization for nonsurgically managed endometrial cancer remains low with most patients receiving EBRT alone. Despite concerns of overtreatment in a population with competing causes of death, BT appears to improve survival.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Magee-Womens Hospital of University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA.
authors.forename: Beant S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Gill
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Magee-Womens Hospital of University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA.
authors.forename: Bhavana V
authors.initials: BV
authors.lastname: Chapman
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Magee-Womens Hospital of University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA.
authors.forename: Karyn J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Hansen
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Magee-Womens Hospital of University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA.
authors.forename: Paniti
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sukumvanich
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Magee-Womens Hospital of University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA. Electronic address: beriwals@upmc.edu.
authors.forename: Sushil
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Beriwal
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001918:Brachytherapy / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D016889:Endometrial Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Brachytherapy; Endometrial cancer; Inoperable; NCDB; Utilization