title: Membrane distillation combined with an anaerobic moving bed biofilm reactor for treating municipal wastewater.
abstract: A fermentative strategy with an anaerobic moving bed biofilm reactor (AMBBR) was used for the treatment of domestic wastewater. The feasibility of using a membrane separation technique for post-treatment of anaerobic bio-effluent was evaluated with emphasis on employing a membrane distillation (MD). Three different hydrophobic 0.2 μm membranes made of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), and polypropylene (PP) were examined in this study. The initial permeate flux of the membranes ranged from 2.5 to 6.3 L m(-2) h(-1) when treating AMBBR effluent at a temperature difference between the feed and permeate streams of 20 °C, with the permeate flux increasing in the order PP < PVDF < PTFE. The permeate flux of the PTFE membrane gradually decreased to 84% of the initial flux after the 45 h run for distillation, while a flux decline in MD with either the PVDF or PP membrane was not found under the identical distillation conditions. During long-term distillation with the PVDF membrane, total phosphorus was completely rejected and >98% rejection of dissolved organic carbon was also achieved. The characterization of wastewater effluent organic matter (EfOM) using an innovative suite of analytical tools verified that almost all of the EfOM was rejected via the PVDF MD treatment.
authors.affiliation: Water Resources Research Institute, Sejong University, 98 Gunja-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-747, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hyun-Chul
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Center for Water Resource Cycle Research, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-791, Republic of Korea; School of Civil, Environmental & Architectural Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jaewon
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.affiliation: Han-River Environment Research Center, 627 Yangsu-ri, Yangseo-myeon, Yangpyeong-kun, Kyounggi-do 476-823, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Seyeon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Won
authors.affiliation: School of Civil, Environmental & Architectural Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jung-Yeol
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Sejong University, 98 Gunja-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-747, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Sung Kyu
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Maeng
authors.affiliation: Center for Water Resource Cycle Research, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-791, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: kgsong@kist.re.kr.
authors.forename: Kyung Guen
authors.initials: KG
authors.lastname: Song
mesh_terms: D018441:Biofilms; D019149:Bioreactors; D057168:Distillation / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D057927:Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D010758:Phosphorus / Q000737:chemistry; D011126:Polypropylenes / Q000737:chemistry; D011138:Polytetrafluoroethylene / Q000737:chemistry; D011145:Polyvinyls / Q000737:chemistry; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D018508:Water Purification / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D005465:Fluorocarbon Polymers
chemical_list: D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D010758:Phosphorus; D011126:Polypropylenes; D011138:Polytetrafluoroethylene; D011145:Polyvinyls; C024865:polyvinylidene fluoride; D005465:Fluorocarbon Polymers
keywords: Anaerobic moving bed biofilm reactor; Effluent organic matter; Membrane distillation; Organic characterization; Phosphorus removal