title: Antimicrobial and seasonal evaluation of the carvacrol-chemotype oil from Lippia origanoides kunth.
abstract: This study evaluated the influence of seasonal variation on the yield and composition of essential oil of Lippia origanoides occurring in the Middle Rio Amazonas, Brazil, and the impact on its antimicrobial potential. The average oil yield was 1.7% ± 0.2% in the rainy season and 1.6% ± 0.3% in the dry season. Some correlations with climatic parameters were observed. The major components were carvacrol (rainy, 43.5% ± 1.9%; dry, 41.4% ± 2.04%), thymol (rainy, 10.7% ± 1.1%; dry, 10.6% ± 0.9%), p-cymene (rainy, 9.8% ± 0.7%; dry, 10.0% ± 1.4%) and p-methoxythymol (rainy, 9.6% ± 0.8%; dry, 10.4% ± 1.4%). It was found that the antibacterial activity of L. origanoides against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli was little influenced by the changes in oil composition due to seasonal variation. Against S. aureus, the oil Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) value was 1.25 μL/mL over ten months. Against E. coli, the oil MIC values ranged from 0.15 μL/mL to 0.31 μL/mL in different months of the year. The Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) value was 2.5 μL/mL against S. aureus and 1.25 μL/mL against E. coli. The results suggest that the antimicrobial activity identified in the oil remain unchanged for the full year, allowing its medicinal use without any risk of loss or absence of the active principles of the plant.
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia da Amazônia Legal, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, 60077-000 Manaus, Brazil. sarrazin@ufpa.br.
authors.forename: Sandra Layse F
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Sarrazin
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Recursos Naturais da Amazônia, Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará, 68135-110 Santarém, Brazil. Andrade.biologia@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Leomara Andrade
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: da Silva
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Recursos Naturais da Amazônia, Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará, 68135-110 Santarém, Brazil. anapaula_itb@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Ana Paula F
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: de Assunção
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Recursos Naturais da Amazônia, Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará, 68135-110 Santarém, Brazil. rbo@ufpa.br.
authors.forename: Ricardo B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Recursos Naturais da Amazônia, Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará, 68135-110 Santarém, Brazil. vyperez@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Victor Y P
authors.initials: VY
authors.lastname: Calao
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Recursos Naturais da Amazônia, Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará, 68135-110 Santarém, Brazil. rsilvf@yahoo.com.br.
authors.forename: Rodrigo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: da Silva
authors.affiliation: Chromatography Laboratory, Research Center for Biomolecules, Industrial University of Santander, Bucaramanga 57, Colombia. elena@tucan.uis.edu.co.
authors.forename: Elena E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Stashenko
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Recursos Naturais da Amazônia, Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará, 68135-110 Santarém, Brazil. gmaia@ufpa.br.
authors.forename: José Guilherme S
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Maia
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia da Amazônia Legal, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, 60077-000 Manaus, Brazil. mouraorhv@yahoo.com.br.
authors.forename: Rosa Helena V
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Mourão
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000081007:Cymenes; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects; D032411:Lippia / Q000737:chemistry*; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D039821:Monoterpenes / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D009822:Oils, Volatile / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000081007:Cymenes; D039821:Monoterpenes; D009822:Oils, Volatile; D010938:Plant Oils; C073316:carvacrol