title: Ex vivo electrical impedance measurements on excised hepatic tissue from human patients with metastatic colorectal cancer.
abstract: Point-wise ex vivo electrical impedance spectroscopy measurements were conducted on excised hepatic tissue from human patients with metastatic colorectal cancer using a linear four-electrode impedance probe. This study of 132 measurements from 10 colorectal cancer patients, the largest to date, reports that the equivalent electrical conductivity for tumor tissue is significantly higher than normal tissue (p < 0.01), ranging from 2-5 times greater over the measured frequency range of 100 Hz-1 MHz. Difference in tissue electrical permittivity is also found to be statistically significant across most frequencies. Furthermore, the complex impedance is also reported for both normal and tumor tissue. Consistent with trends for tissue electrical conductivity, normal tissue has a significantly higher impedance than tumor tissue (p < 0.01), as well as a higher net capacitive phase shift (33° for normal liver tissue in contrast to 10° for tumor tissue).
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Ohio State University, 201 W. 19th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Prakash
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Karnes
authors.forename: E K
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Sequin
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: West
authors.forename: C L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Hitchcock
authors.forename: S D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Nichols
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bloomston
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Abdel-Misih
authors.forename: C R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Schmidt
authors.forename: E W
authors.initials: EW
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: S P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Povoski
authors.forename: V V
authors.initials: VV
authors.lastname: Subramaniam
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000556:secondary*; D017097:Electric Impedance; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008099:Liver / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010781:Photography / Q000295:instrumentation; D015203:Reproducibility of Results