title: Efficacy of clonidine as an adjuvant to ropivacaine in supraclavicular brachial plexus block: A prospective study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Bupivacaine has been the most frequently used local anaesthetic in brachial plexus block, but ropivacaine has also been successfully tried in the recent past. It is less cardiotoxic, less arrhythmogenic, less toxic to the central nervous system than bupivacaine, and it has intrinsic vasoconstrictor property. The effects of clonidine have been studied in peripheral nerve blockade. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of clonidine on nerve blockade during brachial plexus block with ropivacaine using peripheral nerve stimulator.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty patients were randomly divided into two groups, Group A and B. Group A received 30 ml of 0.5% of ropivacaine with 0.5 ml normal saline while Group B received same amount of ropivacaine with 0.5 ml (equivalent to 75 μg) of clonidine for supraclavicular brachial plexus block. The groups were compared regarding quality of sensory and motor blockade, duration of post-operative analgesia and intra and post-operative complications.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a significant increase in duration of motor and sensory block and analgesia in Group B as compared to Group A patients (P < 0.0001). There was no significant difference in onset time in either group (P = 0.304). No significant side effects were noted.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The addition of 75 μg of clonidine to ropivacaine for brachial plexus block prolongs motor and sensory block and analgesia without significant side effects.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, A.M.U, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Qazi Ehsan
authors.initials: QE
authors.lastname: Ali
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, A.M.U, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Manjunatha
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, A.M.U, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Syed Hussain
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Amir
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, A.M.U, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Shaista
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jamil
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, A.M.U, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Abdul
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Quadir
keywords: Adjuvant; brachial plexus anaesthesia; clonidine; ropivacaine