title: Mechanisms of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury and the cytoprotective role of minocycline: scope and limitations.
abstract: Deep insight into the complex mechanisms of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury has been attained in the past years. Minocycline is a second-generation tetracycline with US FDA approval for clinical use in various infections. Lately, several noninfectious cytoprotective activities of minocycline have been discovered as well. There now exists encouraging evidence of its protective role in cardiovascular pathology and its activity against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. In this article, an overview of the major mechanisms involved in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury is presented. This is followed by an analysis of the mechanisms by which minocycline exerts its cytoprotective role and of studies that have been conducted in order to analyze minocycline, along with a review of the scope and limitations of its role as a cytoprotective agent.
authors.affiliation: SDM College of Medical Sciences & Hospital, Dharwad, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Guramrinder S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Thind
authors.forename: Pratik R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Agrawal
authors.forename: Benjamin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hirsh
authors.forename: Louis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Saravolatz
authors.forename: Carol
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chen-Scarabelli
authors.forename: Jagat
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Narula
authors.forename: Tiziano M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Scarabelli
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D019610:Cytoprotection / Q000187:drug effects; D024243:HMGB1 Protein / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007249:Inflammation / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology; D054061:Ischemic Contracture / Q000503:physiopathology; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008911:Minocycline / Q000494:pharmacology*; D033681:Mitochondrial Membrane Transport Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D000083162:Mitochondrial Permeability Transition Pore; D015428:Myocardial Reperfusion Injury / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D009206:Myocardium / Q000473:pathology; D009336:Necrosis; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D024243:HMGB1 Protein; C585491:HMGB1 protein, human; D033681:Mitochondrial Membrane Transport Proteins; D000083162:Mitochondrial Permeability Transition Pore; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases; D008911:Minocycline; D002118:Calcium
keywords: apoptosis; cell death; cytoprotection; ischemia–reperfusion injury; minocycline; reactive oxygen species