title: Structure and boosting activity of a starch-degrading lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase.
abstract: Lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs) are recently discovered enzymes that oxidatively deconstruct polysaccharides. LPMOs are fundamental in the effective utilization of these substrates by bacteria and fungi; moreover, the enzymes have significant industrial importance. We report here the activity, spectroscopy and three-dimensional structure of a starch-active LPMO, a representative of the new CAZy AA13 family. We demonstrate that these enzymes generate aldonic acid-terminated malto-oligosaccharides from retrograded starch and boost significantly the conversion of this recalcitrant substrate to maltose by β-amylase. The detailed structure of the enzyme's active site yields insights into the mechanism of action of this important class of enzymes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.
authors.forename: Leila
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lo Leggio
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, University Of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QW, UK.
authors.forename: Thomas J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Simmons
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.
authors.forename: Jens-Christian N
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Poulsen
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.
authors.forename: Kristian E H
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Frandsen
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK.
authors.forename: Glyn R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Hemsworth
authors.affiliation: Novozymes A/S, Krogshoejvej 36, 2880 Bagsvaerd, Denmark.
authors.forename: Mary A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Stringer
authors.affiliation: Novozymes A/S, Krogshoejvej 36, 2880 Bagsvaerd, Denmark.
authors.forename: Pernille
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: von Freiesleben
authors.affiliation: Novozymes A/S, Krogshoejvej 36, 2880 Bagsvaerd, Denmark.
authors.forename: Morten
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tovborg
authors.affiliation: Novozymes A/S, Krogshoejvej 36, 2880 Bagsvaerd, Denmark.
authors.forename: Katja S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Johansen
authors.affiliation: Novozymes A/S, Krogshoejvej 36, 2880 Bagsvaerd, Denmark.
authors.forename: Leonardo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: De Maria
authors.affiliation: Novozymes, Inc., 1445 Drew Avenue, Davis, California 95618, USA.
authors.forename: Paul V
authors.initials: PV
authors.lastname: Harris
authors.affiliation: Novozymes North America Inc., 77 Perrys Chapel Church Road, Franklinton, North Carolina 27525, USA.
authors.forename: Chee-Leong
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Soong
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, University Of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QW, UK.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Dupree
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, University Of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QW, UK.
authors.forename: Theodora
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tryfona
authors.affiliation: Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université, 13288 Marseille, France.
authors.forename: Nicolas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Lenfant
authors.affiliation: 1] Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université, 13288 Marseille, France [2] Department of Biological Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Bernard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Henrissat
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK.
authors.forename: Gideon J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Davies
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK.
authors.forename: Paul H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Walton
mesh_terms: D000143:Acids / Q000737:chemistry*; D020134:Catalytic Domain; D002482:Cellulose / Q000737:chemistry; D003300:Copper / Q000737:chemistry; D018360:Crystallography, X-Ray; D004578:Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D005658:Fungi / Q000201:enzymology; D023281:Genomics; D006639:Histidine / Q000737:chemistry; D008320:Maltose / Q000737:chemistry*; D006899:Mixed Function Oxygenases / Q000737:chemistry*; D009844:Oligosaccharides / Q000737:chemistry*; D010100:Oxygen / Q000737:chemistry; D010802:Phylogeny; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000737:chemistry*; D011487:Protein Conformation; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D019032:Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization; D013213:Starch; D013379:Substrate Specificity; D001614:beta-Amylase / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000143:Acids; D009844:Oligosaccharides; D011134:Polysaccharides; D006639:Histidine; D008320:Maltose; D003300:Copper; D002482:Cellulose; D013213:Starch; D006899:Mixed Function Oxygenases; D001614:beta-Amylase; D010100:Oxygen