title: Application of dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction coupled with vortex-assisted hydrophobic magnetic nanoparticles based solid-phase extraction for determination of aflatoxin M1 in milk samples by sensitive micelle enhanced spectrofluorimetry.
abstract: An efficient, simple and fast low-density solvent based dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (LDS-DLLME) followed by vortex-assisted dispersive solid phase extraction (VA-D-SPE) has been developed as a new approach for extraction and preconcentration of aflatoxin M1 in milk samples prior to its micelle enhanced spectrofluorimetic determination. In this LDS-DLLME coupled VA-D-SPE method, milk samples were first treated with methanol/water (80:20, v/v) after removing the fat layer. This solvent was directly used as the dispersing solvent in DLLME along with using 1-heptanol (as a low-density solvent with respect to water) as the extracting solvent. In VA-D-SPE approach, hydrophobic oleic acid modified Fe3O4 nanoparticles were used to retrieve the analyte from the DLLME step. It is considerably that the target of VA-D-SPE was 1-heptanol rather than the aflatoxin M1 directly. The main parameters affecting the efficiency of LDS-DLLME and VA-D-SPE procedures and signal enhancement of aflatoxin M1 were investigated and optimized. Under the optimum conditions, the method was linear in the range from 0.02 to 200 µg L(-1) with the correlation coefficient (R(2)) of 0.9989 and detection limit of 13 ng L(-1). The intra-day precision was 2.9 and 4.3% and the inter-day precision was 2.1 and 3.3% for concentration of 2 and 50 µg L(-1) respectively. The developed method was applied for extraction and preconcentration of AFM1 in three commercially available milk samples and the results were compared with the official AOAC method.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Payame Noor University (PNU), P.O. Box 19395-3697, Tehran, Iran; Faculty of Chemistry, Kharazmi (Tarbiat Moallem) University, Tehran, Iran. Electronic address: mitraamoli@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Mitra
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Amoli-Diva
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Chemistry, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamadan, Iran. Electronic address: zohreh.taherimaslak@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Zohreh
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Taherimaslak
authors.affiliation: Quality Control Laboratory, ARA Quality Research Co., Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Mehdi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Allahyari
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Chemistry, Kharazmi (Tarbiat Moallem) University, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Kamyar
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Pourghazi
authors.affiliation: Training, Research and QC Laboratory, Marjaan Khatam Co., Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad Hanif
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Manafi
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D016607:Aflatoxin M1 / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D000818:Animals; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis*; D019850:Heptanol / Q000737:chemistry; D057927:Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; D059627:Liquid Phase Microextraction; D058185:Magnetite Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D008823:Micelles; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D008892:Milk / Q000737:chemistry*; D017830:Octoxynol / Q000737:chemistry; D019301:Oleic Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D052616:Solid Phase Extraction; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry; D013050:Spectrometry, Fluorescence; D013501:Surface-Active Agents / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D058185:Magnetite Nanoparticles; D008823:Micelles; D012997:Solvents; D013501:Surface-Active Agents; D019301:Oleic Acid; D016607:Aflatoxin M1; D019850:Heptanol; D017830:Octoxynol
keywords: Aflatoxin M1; Dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction; Hydrophobic magnetic nanoparticles; Surfactant enhanced spectrofluorimetry; Vortex-assisted dispersive-solid phase extraction