title: (99m)Tc SPECT imaging agent based on cFLFLFK for the detection of FPR1 in inflammation.
abstract: Non-invasive imaging of the inflammatory process can provide great insight into a wide variety of disease states, aiding diagnosis, evaluation and effective targeted treatment. During inflammation, blood borne leukocytes are recruited, through a series of activation and adhesion steps, to the site of injury or infection where they migrate across the blood vessel wall into the tissue. Thus, tracking leukocyte recruitment and accumulation provides a dynamic and localised read out of inflammatory events. Current leukocyte imaging techniques require ex vivo labelling of patient blood, involving laborious processing and potential risks to both patient and laboratory staff. Utilising high affinity ligands for leukocyte specific receptors may allow for injectable tracers that label leukocytes in situ, omitting potentially hazardous ex vivo handling. Formyl peptide receptors (FPRs) are a group of G-protein coupled receptors involved in the chemotaxis and inflammatory functioning of leukocytes. Highly expressed on leukocytes, and up-regulated during inflammation, these receptors provide a potential target for imaging inflammatory events. Herein we present the synthesis and initial in vitro testing of a potential Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) leukocyte tracer. The FPR1 antagonist cFLFLFK-NH2, which displays high affinity with little physiological effect, has been linked via a PEG motif to a (99m)Tc chelate. This tracer shows in vitro binding to human embryonic kidney cells expressing the FPR1 receptor, and functional in vitro tests reveal cFLFLFK-NH2 compounds to have no effect on inflammatory cell functioning. Overall, these data show that (99m)Tc.cFLFLFK-NH2 may be a useful tool for non-invasive imaging of leukocyte accumulation in inflammatory disease states.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK. n.long@imperial.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Graeme J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Stasiuk
authors.forename: Paul M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Holloway
authors.forename: Charlotte
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rivas
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Trigg
authors.forename: Sajinder Kaur
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Luthra
authors.forename: Veronique
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Morisson Iveson
authors.forename: Felicity N E
authors.initials: FN
authors.lastname: Gavins
authors.forename: Nicholas J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Long
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D057809:HEK293 Cells; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D009842:Oligopeptides / Q000737:chemistry; D044042:Receptors, Formyl Peptide / Q000378:metabolism*; D013667:Technetium; D015899:Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: C469986:FPR1 protein, human; D009842:Oligopeptides; D044042:Receptors, Formyl Peptide; D013667:Technetium