title: Evaluation of prostaglandin E2 and E-series prostaglandin receptor in patients with interstitial cystitis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We evaluated PGE2 and EP receptor in patients with interstitial cystitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Enrolled in the study were 20 female patients with interstitial cystitis (11 with and 9 without Hunner lesions), 9 female controls with another urological disease who needed a cystoscopic procedure and 10 normal volunteers. In all participants we determined O'Leary-Sant symptom and problem scores, and obtained voluntary urine specimens for PGE2 analysis. Using anesthesia the bladder was distended by saline in stepwise fashion from 100 ml to maximum capacity in patients with interstitial cystitis. Each time the infused saline was retrieved for PGE2 analysis. We also measured PGE2 and the expression of EP receptor mRNA in bladder biopsy tissue in patients with interstitial cystitis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Symptom and problem indexes in patients with interstitial cystitis and Hunner lesions were significantly higher than in patients with interstitial cystitis without Hunner lesions. Urinary PGE2 in patients with interstitial cystitis and Hunner lesions was significantly higher than in patients with interstitial cystitis without lesions, controls and normal volunteers. PGE2 in retrieved saline in patients with interstitial cystitis and Hunner lesions increased depending on infusion volume but not in patients with interstitial cystitis without lesions. PGE2 content in bladder biopsy tissue was significantly higher in patients with interstitial cystitis and Hunner lesions than in controls. In patients with interstitial cystitis and Hunner lesions the expression of EP1 and EP2 mRNA was significantly higher than in controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study showed increased PGE2 production and mRNA expression of EP1 and EP2 receptors in the bladder in patients with interstitial cystitis and Hunner lesions. Further studies are warranted to explore the pathophysiological and therapeutic implications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Renal and Urologic Surgery, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan. Electronic address: nwada@asahikawa-med.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Naoki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Wada
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Hokkaido Memorial Hospital of Urology, Sapporo, Japan.
authors.forename: Kaname
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ameda
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Hokkaido Memorial Hospital of Urology, Sapporo, Japan.
authors.forename: Tsuyoshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Furuno
authors.affiliation: Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Minase Research Institute, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Okada
authors.affiliation: Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Minase Research Institute, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Ichiro
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Date
authors.affiliation: Department of Renal and Urologic Surgery, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Hidehiro
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kakizaki
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D018856:Cystitis, Interstitial / Q000378:metabolism*; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000032:analysis* / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018078:Receptors, Prostaglandin E / Q000032:analysis* / Q000096:biosynthesis*
chemical_list: D018078:Receptors, Prostaglandin E; D015232:Dinoprostone
keywords: cystitis; dinoprostone; etiology; interstitial; prostaglandin E; receptors; urinary bladder