title: Effect of topical application of quercetin-3-O-(2″-gallate)-α-l-rhamnopyranoside on atopic dermatitis in NC/Nga mice.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Quercetin-3-O-(2″-gallate)-α-l-rhamnopyranoside (QGR) is a new quercetin derivative which is isolated from the leaves of Acer ginnala Maxim, a native plant of Korea. Quercetin has several biological effects including antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-allergic effects. However, the topical effect of QGR on atopic dermatitis (AD) like skin lesion in NC/Nga mice has not been studied.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic effect of QGR in a murine model of atopic dermatitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  We measured inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase -2(COX-2) level in RAW264.7 cell with QGR treatment. And after induction of AD like skin lesions with Dermatophagoides farina (Df) ointment, mice were treated with QGR and control drugs. Clinical scores, interleukin (IL) 4, 5, and 13, serum IgE, eosinophil levels, iNOS and COX-2 level were evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Results show that mRNA level of iNOS and COX-2 in vitro were decreased after QGR treatment. Topical QGR markedly decreased the iNOS and COX-2 mRNA expressions in the skin. QGR also significantly suppressed the increase in the level of total plasma IgE and eosinophils. In addition, topical application of QGR down-regulated the expressions of the cytokines, IL-4,5 and 13, which were induced by Df ointment stimulation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the present study, we showed that topical application of QGR ameliorated Df-induced AD-like inflammatory responses in NC/Nga mice. These results demonstrate that QGR might be beneficial in the treatment of AD.
authors.affiliation: College of Medicine, Department of Dermatology, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, South Korea.
authors.forename: Eun Joo
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Institute of Atopic Dermatitis, Department of Dermatology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Ji-Yun
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Institute of Atopic Dermatitis, Department of Dermatology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Mi Sook
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Jeong
authors.affiliation: Institute of Atopic Dermatitis, Department of Dermatology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Kui Young
authors.initials: KY
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Kwan Hee
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Min Won
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Division of Marine Molecular Biotechnology, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, South Korea.
authors.forename: Seong Soo
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Joo
authors.affiliation: Institute of Atopic Dermatitis, Department of Dermatology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea. Electronic address: drseo@cau.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Seong Jun
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Seo
mesh_terms: D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D000818:Animals; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D003876:Dermatitis, Atopic / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000201:enzymology; D004804:Eosinophils; D005260:Female; D007073:Immunoglobulin E / Q000097:blood; D018793:Interleukin-13 / Q000097:blood; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000097:blood; D015848:Interleukin-5 / Q000097:blood; D007958:Leukocyte Count; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology; D051379:Mice; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D010457:Peptidoglycan / Q000494:pharmacology; D011794:Quercetin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D018793:Interleukin-13; D015848:Interleukin-5; D010457:Peptidoglycan; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C523166:quercetin 3-O-beta-(2''-galloyl)-rhamnopyranoside; D015847:Interleukin-4; D007073:Immunoglobulin E; D011794:Quercetin; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2
keywords: Atopic dermatitis; Cytokine; Mouse model; Quercetin