title: Effect of Butea monosperma leaf extracts on cyclophosphamide induced clastogenicity and oxidative stress in mice.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Butea monosperma is a medium sized deciduous tree of family Fabaceae. It is widely used by rural people in India to cure many disorders. It possesses antioxidant and anticancer activity which is a prerequisite for anticlastogenic activity.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effect of Butea monosperma leaf extracts on cyclophosphamide induced clastogenicity and oxidative stress in mice.
  
  
  METHODS
  The present study assessed the role of aqueous and ethanolic leaf extracts of B. monosperma (AQEBM and ETEBM) on cyclophosphamide (CP) induced oxidative stress and DNA damage in mice using micronucleus assay for anticlastogenic activity and biochemical estimation of malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) for antioxidant activity. The frequency of the micronucleated erythrocytes and mitotic index was studied in peripheral blood and bone marrow after 24 and 48 h of clastogenic exposure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CP treatment led to a significant (P < 0.001) increase in the frequency of micronuclei and decrease in the mitotic index (MI) in bone marrow and peripheral blood cells. Moreover, CP also significantly increased the lipid peroxidation as evidenced by an increase in the MDA content and decreased the antioxidant enzyme (GSH) in mice liver. Pretreatment with AQEBM and ETEBM reduced the frequency of micronuclei and increased the MI in the bone marrow and peripheral blood cells and also restored the MDA and GSH levels in mice liver.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The AQEBM and ETEBM do contain compounds capable of inhibiting the CP induced oxidative stress and subsequent DNA damage in both the peripheral blood and bone marrow cells in mice.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Punjab, India.
authors.forename: Amarjeet
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Punjab, India.
authors.forename: Mohanjit
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kaur
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Punjab, India.
authors.forename: Adarsh
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Choudhary
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Punjab, India.
authors.forename: Bimlesh
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kumar
keywords: Anticlastogenic; lipid peroxidation; micronucleus; mitotic index