title: Determination of synthetic phenolic antioxidants in soft drinks by stir-bar sorptive extraction coupled to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.
abstract: The synthetic phenolic antioxidants butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) and tert-butyl hydroquinone (TBHQ) were pre-concentrated by stir-bar sorptive extraction and thermally desorbed (SBSE-TD) before analysis by GC-MS. Several parameters affecting the derivatisation step and both SBSE extraction and thermal desorption were carefully optimised. When the analyses of BHA and TBHQ in their acetylated, silylated and underivatised forms were compared, the best results were obtained when the in-situ derivatisation procedure with acetic anhydride was employed. Quantification was carried out using carvacrol as the internal standard, providing quantification limits of between 0.11 and 0.15 ng ml(-1), depending on the compound. Recovery assays for samples spiked at two concentration levels, 1 and 5 ng ml(-1), provided recoveries in the 81-117% range. The proposed method was applied in the analysis canned soft drinks and the analytes were found in five of the 10 samples analysed.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry , Regional Campus of International Excellence 'Campus Mare Nostrum' University of Murcia , Murcia , Spain.
authors.forename: Juan Ignacio
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Cacho
authors.forename: Natalia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Campillo
authors.forename: Pilar
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Viñas
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hernández-Córdoba
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000032:analysis*; D002083:Butylated Hydroxyanisole / Q000032:analysis; D002084:Butylated Hydroxytoluene / Q000032:analysis; D002253:Carbonated Beverages / Q000032:analysis*; D005504:Food Analysis; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D006873:Hydroquinones / Q000032:analysis; D010636:Phenols / Q000032:analysis*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D006873:Hydroquinones; D010636:Phenols; D002084:Butylated Hydroxytoluene; D002083:Butylated Hydroxyanisole; C031927:hydroquinone
keywords: GC-MS; butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA); butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT); soft drinks; stir-bar sorptive extraction (SBSE); tert-butyl hydroquinone (TBHQ)