title: [Nanoparticles and radiation therapy].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Nanoparticles have emerged in oncology as new therapeutic agents of distinct biochemical and physical properties, and pharmacokinetics. Current rationale and clinical applications in combination with radiation therapy were analyzed.
  
  
  METHODS
  A review of the literature was conducted on nanoparticles as radiosensitizers, with a focus on metallic nanoparticles and radiosensitization mechanisms.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nanoparticles are mainly used as vectors for drugs or to potentiate dose deposit selectively in irradiated tissues. Preclinical data suggest a predominating effect in the kilovoltage range through a photoelectric effect and a potential in the megavoltage range under a combination of physical and biochemical (diameter, concentration, site of infusion etc) conditions. Several clinical trials are ongoing with metallic/crystalline nanoparticles.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Nanoparticles have shown a potential for better therapeutic index with radiation therapy, which is being increasingly investigated clinically.
authors.affiliation: Institut Curie, département d'oncologie radiothérapie, 26, rue d'Ulm, 75005 Paris, France. Electronic address: valentin.calugaru@curie.fr.
authors.forename: Valentin
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Calugaru
authors.affiliation: Institut de cancérologie Lucien-Neuwirth, département de radiothérapie, 108 bis, avenue Albert-Raimond, 42270 Saint-Priest-en-Jarez, France; Université Jean-Monnet, faculté de médecine Jacques-Lisfranc, 15, rue Ambroise-Paré, 42100 Saint-Étienne, France; Université de Lyon 1, faculté de médecine Lyon-Sud, laboratoire de radiobiologie cellulaire et moléculaire, EMR3738, équipe 4, 165, chemin du Petit-Revoyet, 69921 Oullins, France.
authors.forename: Nicolas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Magné
authors.affiliation: Centre Lacassagne, département d'oncologie radiothérapie, Cyclotron médical, 33, avenue Valembrose, 06100 Nice, France.
authors.forename: Joel
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hérault
authors.affiliation: Institut Gustave-Roussy, département de chirurgie, 144, rue Edouard-Vaillant, 94805 Villejuif cedex, France.
authors.forename: Sylvie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bonvalot
authors.affiliation: Institut Curie, département d'oncologie médicale, 26, rue d'Ulm, 75005 Paris, France; Institut Curie, unité Inserm U900, 33, rue d'Ulm, 75005 Paris, France.
authors.forename: Christophe
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Le Tourneau
authors.affiliation: Centre Lacassagne, département d'oncologie radiothérapie, Cyclotron médical, 33, avenue Valembrose, 06100 Nice, France; Centre Lacassagne, département d'oncopharmacologie UE3836, 33, avenue Valembrose, 06100 Nice, France.
authors.forename: Juliette
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Thariat
mesh_terms: D005682:Gadolinium / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006046:Gold / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D010984:Platinum / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011838:Radiation-Sensitizing Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012834:Silver / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D011838:Radiation-Sensitizing Agents; D012834:Silver; D010984:Platinum; D006046:Gold; D005682:Gadolinium
keywords: Cancer; Metallic; Métallique; Nanoparticle; Nanoparticule; Radiation therapy; Radiosensibilisation; Radiosensitization; Radiothérapie