title: DEVELOPING A TECHNIQUE FOR ULTRASOUND-GUIDED INJECTION OF THE ADULT CANINE HIP.
abstract: An accurate method for guiding injections into the canine hip would facilitate diagnostic localization of lameness and targeted treatments. Ultrasound-guided hip injections are commonly used in humans and large animals. Aims of this prospective study were to describe ultrasound (US) anatomy of the adult canine hip and determine the feasibility and accuracy of intra-articular placement of injectate using US-guidance. Seven adult dogs were used to describe US anatomy, five dog cadavers were used to assess the feasibility of the injection technique and 11 dog cadavers were used to assess accuracy of injections. For the accuracy test, 22 joints were injected with iodinated contrast medium by three operators with different experience. With dogs in lateral recumbency, the hyperechoic femoral head surface was identified by following the femoral neck from the greater trochanter or the acetabular rim was localized by following caudally the ilium from the iliac wing. An anechoic gap between the femoral head and acetabular surface represented the joint. The capsule was visible as a triangular echoic structure and the femoral head articular cartilage appeared as an anechoic band. The needle was inserted axial to the greater trochanter and directed in a dorsolateral-ventromedial direction toward the joint space and then pushed through the capsule. Based on postinjection radiography, accuracy was 81.8% at first attempt and 100% at second attempt. This study indicated that US-guided injection is a feasible and accurate technique for injecting the adult canine hip. Future studies in live dogs are needed to assess safety and efficacy.
authors.affiliation: University College Dublin, Diagnostic Imaging, Dublin, Ireland.
authors.forename: Chiara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bergamino
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Diagnostic Imaging Section, Boulevard de Colonster, 20, BÃ¢timent B41, Liège, Liège, Belgium, 4000.
authors.forename: Anne-Laure
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Etienne
authors.affiliation: Medical Imaging Section Faculty of Veterinary Medicine - "University of Liège, Department of Clinical Sciences, Boulevard de Colonster, Sart-Tilman B41, Liège, Liège, Belgium, 4000.
authors.forename: Valeria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Busoni
mesh_terms: D000077:Acetabulum / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D000818:Animals; D002102:Cadaver; D002358:Cartilage, Articular / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004285:Dogs / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005269:Femur / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D005270:Femur Head / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D005272:Femur Neck / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006621:Hip Joint / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D007270:Injections, Intra-Articular / Q000662:veterinary*; D007483:Iothalamic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D017746:Joint Capsule / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D009339:Needles; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018084:Ultrasonography, Interventional / Q000662:veterinary*
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D007483:Iothalamic Acid; C002587:ioxitalamic acid
keywords: anatomy; dog; hip; injection; ultrasound