title: Mitophagy in yeast: Molecular mechanisms and physiological role.
abstract: Mitochondria autophagy (mitophagy) is a process that selectively degrades mitochondria via autophagy. Recently, there has been significant progress in the understanding of mitophagy in yeast. Atg32, a mitochondrial outer membrane receptor, is indispensable for mitophagy. Phosphorylation of Atg32 is an initial cue for selective mitochondrial degradation. Atg32 expression and phosphorylation regulate the induction and efficiency of mitophagy. In addition to Atg32-related processes, recent studies have revealed that mitochondrial fission and the mitochondria-endoplasmic reticulum (ER) contact site may play important roles in mitophagy. Mitochondrial fission is required to regulate mitochondrial size. Mitochondria-ER contact is mediated by the ER-mitochondria encounter structure and is important to supply lipids from the ER for autophagosome biogenesis for mitophagy. Mitophagy is physiologically important for regulating the number of mitochondria, diminishing mitochondrial production of reactive oxygen species, and extending chronological lifespan under caloric restriction. These findings suggest that mitophagy contributes to maintain mitochondrial homeostasis. However, whether mitophagy selectively degrades damaged or dysfunctional mitochondria in yeast is unknown.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Biosignaling, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8510, Japan. Electronic address: kanki@med.niigata-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Tomotake
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kanki
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Biosignaling, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8510, Japan.
authors.forename: Kentaro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Furukawa
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Biosignaling, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8510, Japan.
authors.forename: Shun-ichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yamashita
mesh_terms: D000071183:Autophagy-Related Proteins; D004721:Endoplasmic Reticulum / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D063154:Mitochondrial Dynamics / Q000502:physiology*; D063306:Mitophagy / Q000502:physiology*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C543183:Atg32 protein, S cerevisiae; D000071183:Autophagy-Related Proteins; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins
keywords: Atg32; Autophagy; ERMES; Mitochondrion; Mitophagy; Yeast