title: Synophthalmia in a Holstein cross calf.
abstract: Synophthalmia is a form of cyclopia, in which some elements of two eyes are fused and form a single eye in the middle region of the forehead. The head of a Holstein female calf born from a 5-year-old cow was referred to Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shahrekord University due to multiple congenital anomalies. The calf had been slaughtered immediately after birth due to severe respiratory distress by the owner. The calf showed multiple birth defects, including synophthalmia, holoprosencephaly, absence of optic chiasma, hypoplastic maxilla, curved mandibles, arrhinia and dental pad agenesis. A normal tongue protruded from the defect and small oral cavity. To our knowledge, this particular combination of craniofacial defects has not been previously described in Holstein calf.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran;
authors.forename: Hossein
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nourani
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran;
authors.forename: Iraj
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Karimi
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Student Research Committee of Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
authors.forename: Hossein
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Rajabi Vardanjani
keywords: Craniofacial anomalies; Cyclopia; Holstein calf; Synophthalmia