title: In vivo evaluation of anticonvulsant and antioxidant effects of phenobarbital microemulsion for transdermal administration in pilocarpine seizure rat model.
abstract: This study aimed to evaluate a microemulsion system (ME) containing phenobarbital in epilepsy model induced by pilocarpine in rats and to oxidative stress and histologic lesions in hippocampus. The microemulsion was applied to the shaved back of Wistar rats. The animals were divided into the following groups: control group (P400); ME50 40mg/kg, topically-t.p.; ME100, 40mg/kg, t.p.; EM50, 40mg/kg, t.p.; phenobarbital solution 40mg/kg (PS), oral. After 60min, behavioral changes were evaluated for 1h in the model of epileptical crisis induced by pilocarpine. Phenobarbital in microemulsion was able to increase the latency for status epilepticus (SE) (p<0.05), decrease the number of epileptical crisis (ME50: p<0.001; ME100: p<0.01) and decrease mortality rate by 80% compared to P400. In EM50 and PS groups, deaths were decreased by 53.3% and 100% respectively. The ME50 and ME100 groups were able to reduce oxidative stress in experimental animals when compared to the P400. The microemulsion was still capable of reducing neuronal damage in the hippocampal areas. The results of this study come in an innovative way, demonstrating the ability of transdermal ME50 and ME100 to reduce pilocarpine-induced epileptical crisis, oxidative stress, besides neuronal damages.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health, Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Piauí, Campus Teresina Central, Teresina, PI, Brazil.
authors.forename: Kayo Alves
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Figueiredo
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Experimental Neurochemistry Research, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, PI, Brazil.
authors.forename: Shirlene Cesário
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Medeiros
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, State University of Paraíba, Campina Grande, PB, Brazil.
authors.forename: Jamilly Kelly Oliveira
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Neves
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, State University of Paraíba, Campina Grande, PB, Brazil.
authors.forename: José Alexsandro
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: da Silva
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary, State University of Ceará, Campus Itaperi, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
authors.forename: Adriana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: da Rocha Tomé
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Piauí, Campus Minister Petronio Portela, Teresina, PI, Brazil.
authors.forename: André Luis Menezes
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Carvalho
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Experimental Neurochemistry Research, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, PI, Brazil; College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Piauí, Campus Minister Petronio Portela, Teresina, PI, Brazil. Electronic address: rivelilson@pq.cnpq.br.
authors.forename: Rivelilson Mendes
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: de Freitas
mesh_terms: D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D000818:Animals; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004655:Emulsions / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000187:drug effects; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D010634:Phenobarbital / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010862:Pilocarpine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012640:Seizures / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D000927:Anticonvulsants; D000975:Antioxidants; D004655:Emulsions; D010862:Pilocarpine; D010634:Phenobarbital
keywords: Epilepsy; Microemulsion system; Oxidative stress; Phenobarbital