title: Skin intervention of fullerene-integrated nanoemulsion in structural and collagen regeneration against skin aging.
abstract: Despite the fact that intrinsic oxidative stress is inevitable, the extrinsic factor such as ultraviolet radiation enhances reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation resulting in premature skin aging. Nanoemulsion was loaded with fullerene, a strong free radical scavenger, and its efficacy to provide protection and regenerative effect against ROS-induced collagen breakdown in human skin was studied. Stable fullerene nanoemulsions were formulated using high shear homogenization and ultrasonic dispersion technique. An open trial was conducted using fullerene nanoemulsion on skin twice a day for 28 days. The mean collagen score significantly increased (P<0.05) from 36.53±4.39 to 48.69±5.46 with 33.29% increment at the end of the treatment. Biophysical characteristics of skin revealed that skin hydration was increased significantly (P<0.05) from 40.91±7.01 to 58.55±6.08 corneometric units (43.12% increment) and the water was able to contain within the stratum corneum without any increased in transepidermal water loss. In the in vitro safety evaluation, fullerene nanoemulsion showed no acute toxicity on 3T3 fibroblast cell line for 48h and no indication of potential dermal irritation. Hence, the fullerene nanoemulsion may assist in protecting collagen from breakdown with cosmeceutical benefit.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia. Electronic address: clngan88@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Cheng Loong
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Ngan
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Halal Products Research Institute, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia. Electronic address: mahiran@upm.edu.my.
authors.forename: Mahiran
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Basri
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Fundamentals of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Puncak Alam Campus Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), 42300 Selangor, Malaysia; Brain and Neuroscience Communities of Research, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Minaketan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tripathy
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Roghayeh
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Abedi Karjiban
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Emilia
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Abdul-Malek
mesh_terms: D016475:3T3 Cells; D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D003094:Collagen / Q000737:chemistry / Q000502:physiology*; D004655:Emulsions; D005260:Female; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000378:metabolism; D037741:Fullerenes / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000378:metabolism; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D012038:Regeneration / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D015595:Skin Aging / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D017592:Skin Care / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D004655:Emulsions; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D037741:Fullerenes; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D003094:Collagen
keywords: Fullerene; Nanoemulsion; Oxidative stress; Skin aging; Sonography