title: Correlation between vascular endothelial growth factor expression and presence of lymph node metastasis in advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Squamous cell carcinoma is the most common neoplasm of the larynx, and its evolution depends on tumor staging. Vascular endothelial growth factor is a marker of angiogenesis, and its expression may be related to increased tumor aggressiveness, as evidenced by the presence of cervical lymphatic metastases.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the expression of the vascular endothelial growth factor marker in non-glottic advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx (T3/T4) and correlate it with the presence of cervical lymph node metastases.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective clinical study and immunohistochemical analysis of vascular endothelial growth factor through the German scale of immunoreactivity in products of non-glottic squamous cell carcinomas.
  
  
  RESULTS
  This study analyzed 15 cases of advanced non-glottic laryngeal tumors (T3/T4), four of which exhibited cervical lymphatic metastases. There was no correlation between vascular endothelial growth factor expression and the presence of cervical metastases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although vascular endothelial growth factor was expressed in a few cases, there was no correlation with the spread of cervical lymph metastases.
authors.affiliation: Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil. Electronic address: bonhin@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Rodrigo Gonzalez
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Bonhin
authors.affiliation: Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Vanessa Brito Campoy
authors.initials: VB
authors.lastname: Rocha
authors.affiliation: Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Guilherme Machado de
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Carvalho
authors.affiliation: Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Alexandre Caixeta
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Guimarães
authors.affiliation: Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Agrício Nubiato
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Crespo
authors.affiliation: Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Carlos Takahiro
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Chone
authors.affiliation: Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Eliane M I
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Amstalden
mesh_terms: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000097:blood; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000097:blood / Q000473:pathology* / Q000556:secondary*; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007822:Laryngeal Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000473:pathology*; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A
keywords: Carcinoma epidermoide de laringe; Cervical lymphatic metastases; Immunohistochemistry; Imunohistoquímica; Metástase; Squamous cell carcinoma of larynx; VEGF