title: Common carotid intima-media thickness relates to cardiovascular events in adults aged <45 years.
abstract: Although atherosclerosis starts in early life, evidence on risk factors and atherosclerosis in individuals aged <45 years is scarce. Therefore, we studied the relationship between risk factors, common carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT), and first-time cardiovascular events in adults aged <45 years. Our study population consisted of 3067 adults aged <45 years free from symptomatic cardiovascular disease at baseline, derived from 6 cohorts that are part of the USE-IMT initiative, an individual participant data meta-analysis of general-population-based cohort studies evaluating CIMT measurements. Information on risk factors, CIMT measurements, and follow-up of the combined end point (first-time myocardial infarction or stroke) was obtained. We assessed the relationship between risk factors and CIMT and the relationship between CIMT and first-time myocardial infarction or stroke using a multivariable linear mixed-effects model and a Cox proportional-hazards model, respectively. During a follow-up of 16.3 years, 55 first-time myocardial infarctions or strokes occurred. Median CIMT was 0.63 mm. Of the risk factors under study, age, sex, diastolic blood pressure, body mass index, total cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol related to CIMT. Furthermore, CIMT related to first-time myocardial infarction or stroke with a hazard ratio of 1.40 per SD increase in CIMT, independent of risk factors (95% confidence interval, 1.11-1.76). CIMT may be a valuable marker for cardiovascular risk in adults aged <45 years who are not yet eligible for standard cardiovascular risk screening. This is especially relevant in those with an increased, unfavorable risk factor burden.
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Radiology (A.L.M.E.), Department of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (K.A.G., D.E.G., S.A.E.P., M.L.B., H.M.d.R.), and Department of Experimental Cardiology (I.E.H., H.M.d.R.), University Medical Center, Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Cardiac Sciences and Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada (T.J.A.); Department of Epidemiology and Public Health University College London, London, United Kingdom (A.R.B.); Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden (G.E., B.H., M.R.); Department of Biostatistical Sciences and Neurology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (G.W.E.); Division of Vascular Medicine, Department of General Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands (J.d.G., S.H.); Department of Clinical Epidemiology, University of Malaya Medical Center, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (D.E.G.); Osaka Medical Center for Health Science and Promotion, Osaka, Japan (A.I., A.K.); Department of Neurology, Tokyo Women Medical University, Tokyo, Japan (K.K.); Division of Cardiology and Population Health Research Institute, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (E.M.L.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (M.W.L., M.S.); Brain and Circulation Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway (E.B.M.); Department of General Practice, EMGO Institute, VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (G.N., J.M.D.); Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan (S.O.); Department of Radiology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (D.H.O'L., J.F.P.); Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (J.F.P., C.R.); Cardiology Division, De
authors.forename: Anouk L M
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Eikendal
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Radiology (A.L.M.E.), Department of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (K.A.G., D.E.G., S.A.E.P., M.L.B., H.M.d.R.), and Department of Experimental Cardiology (I.E.H., H.M.d.R.), University Medical Center, Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Cardiac Sciences and Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada (T.J.A.); Department of Epidemiology and Public Health University College London, London, United Kingdom (A.R.B.); Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden (G.E., B.H., M.R.); Department of Biostatistical Sciences and Neurology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (G.W.E.); Division of Vascular Medicine, Department of General Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands (J.d.G., S.H.); Department of Clinical Epidemiology, University of Malaya Medical Center, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (D.E.G.); Osaka Medical Center for Health Science and Promotion, Osaka, Japan (A.I., A.K.); Department of Neurology, Tokyo Women Medical University, Tokyo, Japan (K.K.); Division of Cardiology and Population Health Research Institute, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (E.M.L.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (M.W.L., M.S.); Brain and Circulation Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway (E.B.M.); Department of General Practice, EMGO Institute, VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (G.N., J.M.D.); Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan (S.O.); Department of Radiology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (D.H.O'L., J.F.P.); Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (J.F.P., C.R.); Cardiology Division, De
authors.forename: Karlijn A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Groenewegen
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Radiology (A.L.M.E.), Department of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (K.A.G., D.E.G., S.A.E.P., M.L.B., H.M.d.R.), and Department of Experimental Cardiology (I.E.H., H.M.d.R.), University Medical Center, Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Cardiac Sciences and Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada (T.J.A.); Department of Epidemiology and Public Health University College London, London, United Kingdom (A.R.B.); Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden (G.E., B.H., M.R.); Department of Biostatistical Sciences and Neurology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (G.W.E.); Division of Vascular Medicine, Department of General Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands (J.d.G., S.H.); Department of Clinical Epidemiology, University of Malaya Medical Center, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (D.E.G.); Osaka Medical Center for Health Science and Promotion, Osaka, Japan (A.I., A.K.); Department of Neurology, Tokyo Women Medical University, Tokyo, Japan (K.K.); Division of Cardiology and Population Health Research Institute, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (E.M.L.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (M.W.L., M.S.); Brain and Circulation Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway (E.B.M.); Department of General Practice, EMGO Institute, VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (G.N., J.M.D.); Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan (S.O.); Department of Radiology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (D.H.O'L., J.F.P.); Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (J.F.P., C.R.); Cardiology Division, De
authors.forename: Todd J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Radiology (A.L.M.E.), Department of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (K.A.G., D.E.G., S.A.E.P., M.L.B., H.M.d.R.), and Department of Experimental Cardiology (I.E.H., H.M.d.R.), University Medical Center, Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Cardiac Sciences and Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada (T.J.A.); Department of Epidemiology and Public Health University College London, London, United Kingdom (A.R.B.); Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden (G.E., B.H., M.R.); Department of Biostatistical Sciences and Neurology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (G.W.E.); Division of Vascular Medicine, Department of General Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands (J.d.G., S.H.); Department of Clinical Epidemiology, University of Malaya Medical Center, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (D.E.G.); Osaka Medical Center for Health Science and Promotion, Osaka, Japan (A.I., A.K.); Department of Neurology, Tokyo Women Medical University, Tokyo, Japan (K.K.); Division of Cardiology and Population Health Research Institute, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (E.M.L.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (M.W.L., M.S.); Brain and Circulation Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway (E.B.M.); Department of General Practice, EMGO Institute, VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (G.N., J.M.D.); Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan (S.O.); Department of Radiology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (D.H.O'L., J.F.P.); Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (J.F.P., C.R.); Cardiology Division, De
authors.forename: Annie R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Britton
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Radiology (A.L.M.E.), Department of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (K.A.G., D.E.G., S.A.E.P., M.L.B., H.M.d.R.), and Department of Experimental Cardiology (I.E.H., H.M.d.R.), University Medical Center, Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Cardiac Sciences and Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada (T.J.A.); Department of Epidemiology and Public Health University College London, London, United Kingdom (A.R.B.); Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden (G.E., B.H., M.R.); Department of Biostatistical Sciences and Neurology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (G.W.E.); Division of Vascular Medicine, Department of General Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands (J.d.G., S.H.); Department of Clinical Epidemiology, University of Malaya Medical Center, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (D.E.G.); Osaka Medical Center for Health Science and Promotion, Osaka, Japan (A.I., A.K.); Department of Neurology, Tokyo Women Medical University, Tokyo, Japan (K.K.); Division of Cardiology and Population Health Research Institute, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (E.M.L.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (M.W.L., M.S.); Brain and Circulation Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway (E.B.M.); Department of General Practice, EMGO Institute, VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (G.N., J.M.D.); Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan (S.O.); Department of Radiology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (D.H.O'L., J.F.P.); Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (J.F.P., C.R.); Cardiology Division, De
authors.forename: Gunnar
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Engström
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Radiology (A.L.M.E.), Department of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (K.A.G., D.E.G., S.A.E.P., M.L.B., H.M.d.R.), and Department of Experimental Cardiology (I.E.H., H.M.d.R.), University Medical Center, Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Cardiac Sciences and Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada (T.J.A.); Department of Epidemiology and Public Health University College London, London, United Kingdom (A.R.B.); Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden (G.E., B.H., M.R.); Department of Biostatistical Sciences and Neurology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (G.W.E.); Division of Vascular Medicine, Department of General Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands (J.d.G., S.H.); Department of Clinical Epidemiology, University of Malaya Medical Center, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (D.E.G.); Osaka Medical Center for Health Science and Promotion, Osaka, Japan (A.I., A.K.); Department of Neurology, Tokyo Women Medical University, Tokyo, Japan (K.K.); Division of Cardiology and Population Health Research Institute, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (E.M.L.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (M.W.L., M.S.); Brain and Circulation Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway (E.B.M.); Department of General Practice, EMGO Institute, VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (G.N., J.M.D.); Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan (S.O.); Department of Radiology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (D.H.O'L., J.F.P.); Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (J.F.P., C.R.); Cardiology Division, De
authors.forename: Greg W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Evans
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Radiology (A.L.M.E.), Department of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (K.A.G., D.E.G., S.A.E.P., M.L.B., H.M.d.R.), and Department of Experimental Cardiology (I.E.H., H.M.d.R.), University Medical Center, Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Cardiac Sciences and Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada (T.J.A.); Department of Epidemiology and Public Health University College London, London, United Kingdom (A.R.B.); Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden (G.E., B.H., M.R.); Department of Biostatistical Sciences and Neurology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (G.W.E.); Division of Vascular Medicine, Department of General Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands (J.d.G., S.H.); Department of Clinical Epidemiology, University of Malaya Medical Center, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (D.E.G.); Osaka Medical Center for Health Science and Promotion, Osaka, Japan (A.I., A.K.); Department of Neurology, Tokyo Women Medical University, Tokyo, Japan (K.K.); Division of Cardiology and Population Health Research Institute, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (E.M.L.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (M.W.L., M.S.); Brain and Circulation Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway (E.B.M.); Department of General Practice, EMGO Institute, VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (G.N., J.M.D.); Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan (S.O.); Department of Radiology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (D.H.O'L., J.F.P.); Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (J.F.P., C.R.); Cardiology Division, De
authors.forename: Jacqueline
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: de Graaf
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Radiology (A.L.M.E.), Department of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (K.A.G., D.E.G., S.A.E.P., M.L.B., H.M.d.R.), and Department of Experimental Cardiology (I.E.H., H.M.d.R.), University Medical Center, Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Cardiac Sciences and Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada (T.J.A.); Department of Epidemiology and Public Health University College London, London, United Kingdom (A.R.B.); Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden (G.E., B.H., M.R.); Department of Biostatistical Sciences and Neurology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (G.W.E.); Division of Vascular Medicine, Department of General Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands (J.d.G., S.H.); Department of Clinical Epidemiology, University of Malaya Medical Center, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (D.E.G.); Osaka Medical Center for Health Science and Promotion, Osaka, Japan (A.I., A.K.); Department of Neurology, Tokyo Women Medical University, Tokyo, Japan (K.K.); Division of Cardiology and Population Health Research Institute, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (E.M.L.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (M.W.L., M.S.); Brain and Circulation Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway (E.B.M.); Department of General Practice, EMGO Institute, VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (G.N., J.M.D.); Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan (S.O.); Department of Radiology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (D.H.O'L., J.F.P.); Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (J.F.P., C.R.); Cardiology Division, De
authors.forename: Diederick E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Grobbee
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Radiology (A.L.M.E.), Department of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (K.A.G., D.E.G., S.A.E.P., M.L.B., H.M.d.R.), and Department of Experimental Cardiology (I.E.H., H.M.d.R.), University Medical Center, Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Cardiac Sciences and Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada (T.J.A.); Department of Epidemiology and Public Health University College London, London, United Kingdom (A.R.B.); Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden (G.E., B.H., M.R.); Department of Biostatistical Sciences and Neurology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (G.W.E.); Division of Vascular Medicine, Department of General Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands (J.d.G., S.H.); Department of Clinical Epidemiology, University of Malaya Medical Center, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (D.E.G.); Osaka Medical Center for Health Science and Promotion, Osaka, Japan (A.I., A.K.); Department of Neurology, Tokyo Women Medical University, Tokyo, Japan (K.K.); Division of Cardiology and Population Health Research Institute, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (E.M.L.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (M.W.L., M.S.); Brain and Circulation Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway (E.B.M.); Department of General Practice, EMGO Institute, VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (G.N., J.M.D.); Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan (S.O.); Department of Radiology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (D.H.O'L., J.F.P.); Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (J.F.P., C.R.); Cardiology Division, De
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hedblad
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Radiology (A.L.M.E.), Department of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (K.A.G., D.E.G., S.A.E.P., M.L.B., H.M.d.R.), and Department of Experimental Cardiology (I.E.H., H.M.d.R.), University Medical Center, Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Cardiac Sciences and Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada (T.J.A.); Department of Epidemiology and Public Health University College London, London, United Kingdom (A.R.B.); Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden (G.E., B.H., M.R.); Department of Biostatistical Sciences and Neurology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (G.W.E.); Division of Vascular Medicine, Department of General Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands (J.d.G., S.H.); Department of Clinical Epidemiology, University of Malaya Medical Center, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (D.E.G.); Osaka Medical Center for Health Science and Promotion, Osaka, Japan (A.I., A.K.); Department of Neurology, Tokyo Women Medical University, Tokyo, Japan (K.K.); Division of Cardiology and Population Health Research Institute, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (E.M.L.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (M.W.L., M.S.); Brain and Circulation Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway (E.B.M.); Department of General Practice, EMGO Institute, VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (G.N., J.M.D.); Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan (S.O.); Department of Radiology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (D.H.O'L., J.F.P.); Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (J.F.P., C.R.); Cardiology Division, De
authors.forename: Suzanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Holewijn
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Radiology (A.L.M.E.), Department of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (K.A.G., D.E.G., S.A.E.P., M.L.B., H.M.d.R.), and Department of Experimental Cardiology (I.E.H., H.M.d.R.), University Medical Center, Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Cardiac Sciences and Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada (T.J.A.); Department of Epidemiology and Public Health University College London, London, United Kingdom (A.R.B.); Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden (G.E., B.H., M.R.); Department of Biostatistical Sciences and Neurology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (G.W.E.); Division of Vascular Medicine, Department of General Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands (J.d.G., S.H.); Department of Clinical Epidemiology, University of Malaya Medical Center, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (D.E.G.); Osaka Medical Center for Health Science and Promotion, Osaka, Japan (A.I., A.K.); Department of Neurology, Tokyo Women Medical University, Tokyo, Japan (K.K.); Division of Cardiology and Population Health Research Institute, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (E.M.L.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (M.W.L., M.S.); Brain and Circulation Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway (E.B.M.); Department of General Practice, EMGO Institute, VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (G.N., J.M.D.); Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan (S.O.); Department of Radiology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (D.H.O'L., J.F.P.); Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (J.F.P., C.R.); Cardiology Division, De
authors.forename: Ai
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ikeda
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Radiology (A.L.M.E.), Department of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (K.A.G., D.E.G., S.A.E.P., M.L.B., H.M.d.R.), and Department of Experimental Cardiology (I.E.H., H.M.d.R.), University Medical Center, Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Cardiac Sciences and Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada (T.J.A.); Department of Epidemiology and Public Health University College London, London, United Kingdom (A.R.B.); Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden (G.E., B.H., M.R.); Department of Biostatistical Sciences and Neurology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (G.W.E.); Division of Vascular Medicine, Department of General Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands (J.d.G., S.H.); Department of Clinical Epidemiology, University of Malaya Medical Center, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (D.E.G.); Osaka Medical Center for Health Science and Promotion, Osaka, Japan (A.I., A.K.); Department of Neurology, Tokyo Women Medical University, Tokyo, Japan (K.K.); Division of Cardiology and Population Health Research Institute, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (E.M.L.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (M.W.L., M.S.); Brain and Circulation Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway (E.B.M.); Department of General Practice, EMGO Institute, VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (G.N., J.M.D.); Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan (S.O.); Department of Radiology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (D.H.O'L., J.F.P.); Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (J.F.P., C.R.); Cardiology Division, De
authors.forename: Kazuo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kitagawa
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Radiology (A.L.M.E.), Department of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (K.A.G., D.E.G., S.A.E.P., M.L.B., H.M.d.R.), and Department of Experimental Cardiology (I.E.H., H.M.d.R.), University Medical Center, Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Cardiac Sciences and Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada (T.J.A.); Department of Epidemiology and Public Health University College London, London, United Kingdom (A.R.B.); Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden (G.E., B.H., M.R.); Department of Biostatistical Sciences and Neurology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (G.W.E.); Division of Vascular Medicine, Department of General Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands (J.d.G., S.H.); Department of Clinical Epidemiology, University of Malaya Medical Center, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (D.E.G.); Osaka Medical Center for Health Science and Promotion, Osaka, Japan (A.I., A.K.); Department of Neurology, Tokyo Women Medical University, Tokyo, Japan (K.K.); Division of Cardiology and Population Health Research Institute, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (E.M.L.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (M.W.L., M.S.); Brain and Circulation Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway (E.B.M.); Department of General Practice, EMGO Institute, VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (G.N., J.M.D.); Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan (S.O.); Department of Radiology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (D.H.O'L., J.F.P.); Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (J.F.P., C.R.); Cardiology Division, De
authors.forename: Akihiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kitamura
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Radiology (A.L.M.E.), Department of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (K.A.G., D.E.G., S.A.E.P., M.L.B., H.M.d.R.), and Department of Experimental Cardiology (I.E.H., H.M.d.R.), University Medical Center, Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Cardiac Sciences and Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada (T.J.A.); Department of Epidemiology and Public Health University College London, London, United Kingdom (A.R.B.); Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden (G.E., B.H., M.R.); Department of Biostatistical Sciences and Neurology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (G.W.E.); Division of Vascular Medicine, Department of General Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands (J.d.G., S.H.); Department of Clinical Epidemiology, University of Malaya Medical Center, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (D.E.G.); Osaka Medical Center for Health Science and Promotion, Osaka, Japan (A.I., A.K.); Department of Neurology, Tokyo Women Medical University, Tokyo, Japan (K.K.); Division of Cardiology and Population Health Research Institute, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (E.M.L.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (M.W.L., M.S.); Brain and Circulation Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway (E.B.M.); Department of General Practice, EMGO Institute, VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (G.N., J.M.D.); Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan (S.O.); Department of Radiology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (D.H.O'L., J.F.P.); Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (J.F.P., C.R.); Cardiology Division, De
authors.forename: Eva M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Lonn
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Radiology (A.L.M.E.), Department of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (K.A.G., D.E.G., S.A.E.P., M.L.B., H.M.d.R.), and Department of Experimental Cardiology (I.E.H., H.M.d.R.), University Medical Center, Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Cardiac Sciences and Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada (T.J.A.); Department of Epidemiology and Public Health University College London, London, United Kingdom (A.R.B.); Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden (G.E., B.H., M.R.); Department of Biostatistical Sciences and Neurology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (G.W.E.); Division of Vascular Medicine, Department of General Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands (J.d.G., S.H.); Department of Clinical Epidemiology, University of Malaya Medical Center, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (D.E.G.); Osaka Medical Center for Health Science and Promotion, Osaka, Japan (A.I., A.K.); Department of Neurology, Tokyo Women Medical University, Tokyo, Japan (K.K.); Division of Cardiology and Population Health Research Institute, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (E.M.L.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (M.W.L., M.S.); Brain and Circulation Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway (E.B.M.); Department of General Practice, EMGO Institute, VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (G.N., J.M.D.); Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan (S.O.); Department of Radiology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (D.H.O'L., J.F.P.); Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (J.F.P., C.R.); Cardiology Division, De
authors.forename: Matthias W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Lorenz
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Radiology (A.L.M.E.), Department of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (K.A.G., D.E.G., S.A.E.P., M.L.B., H.M.d.R.), and Department of Experimental Cardiology (I.E.H., H.M.d.R.), University Medical Center, Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Cardiac Sciences and Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada (T.J.A.); Department of Epidemiology and Public Health University College London, London, United Kingdom (A.R.B.); Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden (G.E., B.H., M.R.); Department of Biostatistical Sciences and Neurology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (G.W.E.); Division of Vascular Medicine, Department of General Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands (J.d.G., S.H.); Department of Clinical Epidemiology, University of Malaya Medical Center, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (D.E.G.); Osaka Medical Center for Health Science and Promotion, Osaka, Japan (A.I., A.K.); Department of Neurology, Tokyo Women Medical University, Tokyo, Japan (K.K.); Division of Cardiology and Population Health Research Institute, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (E.M.L.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (M.W.L., M.S.); Brain and Circulation Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway (E.B.M.); Department of General Practice, EMGO Institute, VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (G.N., J.M.D.); Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan (S.O.); Department of Radiology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (D.H.O'L., J.F.P.); Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (J.F.P., C.R.); Cardiology Division, De
authors.forename: Ellisiv B
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Mathiesen
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Radiology (A.L.M.E.), Department of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (K.A.G., D.E.G., S.A.E.P., M.L.B., H.M.d.R.), and Department of Experimental Cardiology (I.E.H., H.M.d.R.), University Medical Center, Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Cardiac Sciences and Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada (T.J.A.); Department of Epidemiology and Public Health University College London, London, United Kingdom (A.R.B.); Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden (G.E., B.H., M.R.); Department of Biostatistical Sciences and Neurology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (G.W.E.); Division of Vascular Medicine, Department of General Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands (J.d.G., S.H.); Department of Clinical Epidemiology, University of Malaya Medical Center, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (D.E.G.); Osaka Medical Center for Health Science and Promotion, Osaka, Japan (A.I., A.K.); Department of Neurology, Tokyo Women Medical University, Tokyo, Japan (K.K.); Division of Cardiology and Population Health Research Institute, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (E.M.L.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (M.W.L., M.S.); Brain and Circulation Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway (E.B.M.); Department of General Practice, EMGO Institute, VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (G.N., J.M.D.); Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan (S.O.); Department of Radiology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (D.H.O'L., J.F.P.); Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (J.F.P., C.R.); Cardiology Division, De
authors.forename: Giel
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Nijpels
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Radiology (A.L.M.E.), Department of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (K.A.G., D.E.G., S.A.E.P., M.L.B., H.M.d.R.), and Department of Experimental Cardiology (I.E.H., H.M.d.R.), University Medical Center, Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Cardiac Sciences and Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada (T.J.A.); Department of Epidemiology and Public Health University College London, London, United Kingdom (A.R.B.); Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden (G.E., B.H., M.R.); Department of Biostatistical Sciences and Neurology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (G.W.E.); Division of Vascular Medicine, Department of General Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands (J.d.G., S.H.); Department of Clinical Epidemiology, University of Malaya Medical Center, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (D.E.G.); Osaka Medical Center for Health Science and Promotion, Osaka, Japan (A.I., A.K.); Department of Neurology, Tokyo Women Medical University, Tokyo, Japan (K.K.); Division of Cardiology and Population Health Research Institute, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (E.M.L.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (M.W.L., M.S.); Brain and Circulation Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway (E.B.M.); Department of General Practice, EMGO Institute, VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (G.N., J.M.D.); Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan (S.O.); Department of Radiology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (D.H.O'L., J.F.P.); Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (J.F.P., C.R.); Cardiology Division, De
authors.forename: Jacqueline M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Dekker
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Radiology (A.L.M.E.), Department of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (K.A.G., D.E.G., S.A.E.P., M.L.B., H.M.d.R.), and Department of Experimental Cardiology (I.E.H., H.M.d.R.), University Medical Center, Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Cardiac Sciences and Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada (T.J.A.); Department of Epidemiology and Public Health University College London, London, United Kingdom (A.R.B.); Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden (G.E., B.H., M.R.); Department of Biostatistical Sciences and Neurology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (G.W.E.); Division of Vascular Medicine, Department of General Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands (J.d.G., S.H.); Department of Clinical Epidemiology, University of Malaya Medical Center, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (D.E.G.); Osaka Medical Center for Health Science and Promotion, Osaka, Japan (A.I., A.K.); Department of Neurology, Tokyo Women Medical University, Tokyo, Japan (K.K.); Division of Cardiology and Population Health Research Institute, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (E.M.L.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (M.W.L., M.S.); Brain and Circulation Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway (E.B.M.); Department of General Practice, EMGO Institute, VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (G.N., J.M.D.); Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan (S.O.); Department of Radiology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (D.H.O'L., J.F.P.); Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (J.F.P., C.R.); Cardiology Division, De
authors.forename: Shuhei
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Okazaki
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Radiology (A.L.M.E.), Department of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (K.A.G., D.E.G., S.A.E.P., M.L.B., H.M.d.R.), and Department of Experimental Cardiology (I.E.H., H.M.d.R.), University Medical Center, Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Cardiac Sciences and Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada (T.J.A.); Department of Epidemiology and Public Health University College London, London, United Kingdom (A.R.B.); Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden (G.E., B.H., M.R.); Department of Biostatistical Sciences and Neurology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (G.W.E.); Division of Vascular Medicine, Department of General Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands (J.d.G., S.H.); Department of Clinical Epidemiology, University of Malaya Medical Center, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (D.E.G.); Osaka Medical Center for Health Science and Promotion, Osaka, Japan (A.I., A.K.); Department of Neurology, Tokyo Women Medical University, Tokyo, Japan (K.K.); Division of Cardiology and Population Health Research Institute, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (E.M.L.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (M.W.L., M.S.); Brain and Circulation Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway (E.B.M.); Department of General Practice, EMGO Institute, VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (G.N., J.M.D.); Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan (S.O.); Department of Radiology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (D.H.O'L., J.F.P.); Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (J.F.P., C.R.); Cardiology Division, De
authors.forename: Daniel H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: O'Leary
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Radiology (A.L.M.E.), Department of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (K.A.G., D.E.G., S.A.E.P., M.L.B., H.M.d.R.), and Department of Experimental Cardiology (I.E.H., H.M.d.R.), University Medical Center, Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Cardiac Sciences and Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada (T.J.A.); Department of Epidemiology and Public Health University College London, London, United Kingdom (A.R.B.); Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden (G.E., B.H., M.R.); Department of Biostatistical Sciences and Neurology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (G.W.E.); Division of Vascular Medicine, Department of General Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands (J.d.G., S.H.); Department of Clinical Epidemiology, University of Malaya Medical Center, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (D.E.G.); Osaka Medical Center for Health Science and Promotion, Osaka, Japan (A.I., A.K.); Department of Neurology, Tokyo Women Medical University, Tokyo, Japan (K.K.); Division of Cardiology and Population Health Research Institute, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (E.M.L.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (M.W.L., M.S.); Brain and Circulation Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway (E.B.M.); Department of General Practice, EMGO Institute, VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (G.N., J.M.D.); Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan (S.O.); Department of Radiology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (D.H.O'L., J.F.P.); Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (J.F.P., C.R.); Cardiology Division, De
authors.forename: Joseph F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Polak
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Radiology (A.L.M.E.), Department of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (K.A.G., D.E.G., S.A.E.P., M.L.B., H.M.d.R.), and Department of Experimental Cardiology (I.E.H., H.M.d.R.), University Medical Center, Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Cardiac Sciences and Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada (T.J.A.); Department of Epidemiology and Public Health University College London, London, United Kingdom (A.R.B.); Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden (G.E., B.H., M.R.); Department of Biostatistical Sciences and Neurology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (G.W.E.); Division of Vascular Medicine, Department of General Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands (J.d.G., S.H.); Department of Clinical Epidemiology, University of Malaya Medical Center, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (D.E.G.); Osaka Medical Center for Health Science and Promotion, Osaka, Japan (A.I., A.K.); Department of Neurology, Tokyo Women Medical University, Tokyo, Japan (K.K.); Division of Cardiology and Population Health Research Institute, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (E.M.L.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (M.W.L., M.S.); Brain and Circulation Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway (E.B.M.); Department of General Practice, EMGO Institute, VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (G.N., J.M.D.); Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan (S.O.); Department of Radiology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (D.H.O'L., J.F.P.); Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (J.F.P., C.R.); Cardiology Division, De
authors.forename: Jacqueline F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Price
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Radiology (A.L.M.E.), Department of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (K.A.G., D.E.G., S.A.E.P., M.L.B., H.M.d.R.), and Department of Experimental Cardiology (I.E.H., H.M.d.R.), University Medical Center, Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Cardiac Sciences and Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada (T.J.A.); Department of Epidemiology and Public Health University College London, London, United Kingdom (A.R.B.); Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden (G.E., B.H., M.R.); Department of Biostatistical Sciences and Neurology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (G.W.E.); Division of Vascular Medicine, Department of General Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands (J.d.G., S.H.); Department of Clinical Epidemiology, University of Malaya Medical Center, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (D.E.G.); Osaka Medical Center for Health Science and Promotion, Osaka, Japan (A.I., A.K.); Department of Neurology, Tokyo Women Medical University, Tokyo, Japan (K.K.); Division of Cardiology and Population Health Research Institute, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (E.M.L.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (M.W.L., M.S.); Brain and Circulation Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway (E.B.M.); Department of General Practice, EMGO Institute, VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (G.N., J.M.D.); Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan (S.O.); Department of Radiology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (D.H.O'L., J.F.P.); Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (J.F.P., C.R.); Cardiology Division, De
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Robertson
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Radiology (A.L.M.E.), Department of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (K.A.G., D.E.G., S.A.E.P., M.L.B., H.M.d.R.), and Department of Experimental Cardiology (I.E.H., H.M.d.R.), University Medical Center, Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Cardiac Sciences and Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada (T.J.A.); Department of Epidemiology and Public Health University College London, London, United Kingdom (A.R.B.); Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden (G.E., B.H., M.R.); Department of Biostatistical Sciences and Neurology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (G.W.E.); Division of Vascular Medicine, Department of General Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands (J.d.G., S.H.); Department of Clinical Epidemiology, University of Malaya Medical Center, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (D.E.G.); Osaka Medical Center for Health Science and Promotion, Osaka, Japan (A.I., A.K.); Department of Neurology, Tokyo Women Medical University, Tokyo, Japan (K.K.); Division of Cardiology and Population Health Research Institute, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (E.M.L.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (M.W.L., M.S.); Brain and Circulation Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway (E.B.M.); Department of General Practice, EMGO Institute, VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (G.N., J.M.D.); Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan (S.O.); Department of Radiology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (D.H.O'L., J.F.P.); Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (J.F.P., C.R.); Cardiology Division, De
authors.forename: Christopher M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Rembold
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Radiology (A.L.M.E.), Department of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (K.A.G., D.E.G., S.A.E.P., M.L.B., H.M.d.R.), and Department of Experimental Cardiology (I.E.H., H.M.d.R.), University Medical Center, Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Cardiac Sciences and Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada (T.J.A.); Department of Epidemiology and Public Health University College London, London, United Kingdom (A.R.B.); Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden (G.E., B.H., M.R.); Department of Biostatistical Sciences and Neurology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (G.W.E.); Division of Vascular Medicine, Department of General Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands (J.d.G., S.H.); Department of Clinical Epidemiology, University of Malaya Medical Center, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (D.E.G.); Osaka Medical Center for Health Science and Promotion, Osaka, Japan (A.I., A.K.); Department of Neurology, Tokyo Women Medical University, Tokyo, Japan (K.K.); Division of Cardiology and Population Health Research Institute, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (E.M.L.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (M.W.L., M.S.); Brain and Circulation Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway (E.B.M.); Department of General Practice, EMGO Institute, VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (G.N., J.M.D.); Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan (S.O.); Department of Radiology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (D.H.O'L., J.F.P.); Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (J.F.P., C.R.); Cardiology Division, De
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rosvall
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Radiology (A.L.M.E.), Department of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (K.A.G., D.E.G., S.A.E.P., M.L.B., H.M.d.R.), and Department of Experimental Cardiology (I.E.H., H.M.d.R.), University Medical Center, Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Cardiac Sciences and Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada (T.J.A.); Department of Epidemiology and Public Health University College London, London, United Kingdom (A.R.B.); Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden (G.E., B.H., M.R.); Department of Biostatistical Sciences and Neurology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (G.W.E.); Division of Vascular Medicine, Department of General Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands (J.d.G., S.H.); Department of Clinical Epidemiology, University of Malaya Medical Center, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (D.E.G.); Osaka Medical Center for Health Science and Promotion, Osaka, Japan (A.I., A.K.); Department of Neurology, Tokyo Women Medical University, Tokyo, Japan (K.K.); Division of Cardiology and Population Health Research Institute, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (E.M.L.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (M.W.L., M.S.); Brain and Circulation Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway (E.B.M.); Department of General Practice, EMGO Institute, VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (G.N., J.M.D.); Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan (S.O.); Department of Radiology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (D.H.O'L., J.F.P.); Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (J.F.P., C.R.); Cardiology Division, De
authors.forename: Tatjana
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Rundek
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Radiology (A.L.M.E.), Department of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (K.A.G., D.E.G., S.A.E.P., M.L.B., H.M.d.R.), and Department of Experimental Cardiology (I.E.H., H.M.d.R.), University Medical Center, Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Cardiac Sciences and Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada (T.J.A.); Department of Epidemiology and Public Health University College London, London, United Kingdom (A.R.B.); Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden (G.E., B.H., M.R.); Department of Biostatistical Sciences and Neurology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (G.W.E.); Division of Vascular Medicine, Department of General Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands (J.d.G., S.H.); Department of Clinical Epidemiology, University of Malaya Medical Center, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (D.E.G.); Osaka Medical Center for Health Science and Promotion, Osaka, Japan (A.I., A.K.); Department of Neurology, Tokyo Women Medical University, Tokyo, Japan (K.K.); Division of Cardiology and Population Health Research Institute, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (E.M.L.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (M.W.L., M.S.); Brain and Circulation Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway (E.B.M.); Department of General Practice, EMGO Institute, VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (G.N., J.M.D.); Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan (S.O.); Department of Radiology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (D.H.O'L., J.F.P.); Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (J.F.P., C.R.); Cardiology Division, De
authors.forename: Jukka T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Salonen
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Radiology (A.L.M.E.), Department of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (K.A.G., D.E.G., S.A.E.P., M.L.B., H.M.d.R.), and Department of Experimental Cardiology (I.E.H., H.M.d.R.), University Medical Center, Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Cardiac Sciences and Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada (T.J.A.); Department of Epidemiology and Public Health University College London, London, United Kingdom (A.R.B.); Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden (G.E., B.H., M.R.); Department of Biostatistical Sciences and Neurology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (G.W.E.); Division of Vascular Medicine, Department of General Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands (J.d.G., S.H.); Department of Clinical Epidemiology, University of Malaya Medical Center, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (D.E.G.); Osaka Medical Center for Health Science and Promotion, Osaka, Japan (A.I., A.K.); Department of Neurology, Tokyo Women Medical University, Tokyo, Japan (K.K.); Division of Cardiology and Population Health Research Institute, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (E.M.L.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (M.W.L., M.S.); Brain and Circulation Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway (E.B.M.); Department of General Practice, EMGO Institute, VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (G.N., J.M.D.); Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan (S.O.); Department of Radiology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (D.H.O'L., J.F.P.); Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (J.F.P., C.R.); Cardiology Division, De
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sitzer
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Radiology (A.L.M.E.), Department of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (K.A.G., D.E.G., S.A.E.P., M.L.B., H.M.d.R.), and Department of Experimental Cardiology (I.E.H., H.M.d.R.), University Medical Center, Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Cardiac Sciences and Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada (T.J.A.); Department of Epidemiology and Public Health University College London, London, United Kingdom (A.R.B.); Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden (G.E., B.H., M.R.); Department of Biostatistical Sciences and Neurology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (G.W.E.); Division of Vascular Medicine, Department of General Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands (J.d.G., S.H.); Department of Clinical Epidemiology, University of Malaya Medical Center, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (D.E.G.); Osaka Medical Center for Health Science and Promotion, Osaka, Japan (A.I., A.K.); Department of Neurology, Tokyo Women Medical University, Tokyo, Japan (K.K.); Division of Cardiology and Population Health Research Institute, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (E.M.L.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (M.W.L., M.S.); Brain and Circulation Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway (E.B.M.); Department of General Practice, EMGO Institute, VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (G.N., J.M.D.); Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan (S.O.); Department of Radiology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (D.H.O'L., J.F.P.); Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (J.F.P., C.R.); Cardiology Division, De
authors.forename: Coen D A
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Stehouwer
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Radiology (A.L.M.E.), Department of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (K.A.G., D.E.G., S.A.E.P., M.L.B., H.M.d.R.), and Department of Experimental Cardiology (I.E.H., H.M.d.R.), University Medical Center, Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Cardiac Sciences and Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada (T.J.A.); Department of Epidemiology and Public Health University College London, London, United Kingdom (A.R.B.); Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden (G.E., B.H., M.R.); Department of Biostatistical Sciences and Neurology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (G.W.E.); Division of Vascular Medicine, Department of General Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands (J.d.G., S.H.); Department of Clinical Epidemiology, University of Malaya Medical Center, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (D.E.G.); Osaka Medical Center for Health Science and Promotion, Osaka, Japan (A.I., A.K.); Department of Neurology, Tokyo Women Medical University, Tokyo, Japan (K.K.); Division of Cardiology and Population Health Research Institute, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (E.M.L.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (M.W.L., M.S.); Brain and Circulation Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway (E.B.M.); Department of General Practice, EMGO Institute, VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (G.N., J.M.D.); Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan (S.O.); Department of Radiology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (D.H.O'L., J.F.P.); Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (J.F.P., C.R.); Cardiology Division, De
authors.forename: Imo E
authors.initials: IE
authors.lastname: Hoefer
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Radiology (A.L.M.E.), Department of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (K.A.G., D.E.G., S.A.E.P., M.L.B., H.M.d.R.), and Department of Experimental Cardiology (I.E.H., H.M.d.R.), University Medical Center, Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Cardiac Sciences and Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada (T.J.A.); Department of Epidemiology and Public Health University College London, London, United Kingdom (A.R.B.); Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden (G.E., B.H., M.R.); Department of Biostatistical Sciences and Neurology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (G.W.E.); Division of Vascular Medicine, Department of General Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands (J.d.G., S.H.); Department of Clinical Epidemiology, University of Malaya Medical Center, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (D.E.G.); Osaka Medical Center for Health Science and Promotion, Osaka, Japan (A.I., A.K.); Department of Neurology, Tokyo Women Medical University, Tokyo, Japan (K.K.); Division of Cardiology and Population Health Research Institute, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (E.M.L.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (M.W.L., M.S.); Brain and Circulation Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway (E.B.M.); Department of General Practice, EMGO Institute, VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (G.N., J.M.D.); Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan (S.O.); Department of Radiology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (D.H.O'L., J.F.P.); Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (J.F.P., C.R.); Cardiology Division, De
authors.forename: Sanne A E
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Peters
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Radiology (A.L.M.E.), Department of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (K.A.G., D.E.G., S.A.E.P., M.L.B., H.M.d.R.), and Department of Experimental Cardiology (I.E.H., H.M.d.R.), University Medical Center, Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Cardiac Sciences and Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada (T.J.A.); Department of Epidemiology and Public Health University College London, London, United Kingdom (A.R.B.); Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden (G.E., B.H., M.R.); Department of Biostatistical Sciences and Neurology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (G.W.E.); Division of Vascular Medicine, Department of General Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands (J.d.G., S.H.); Department of Clinical Epidemiology, University of Malaya Medical Center, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (D.E.G.); Osaka Medical Center for Health Science and Promotion, Osaka, Japan (A.I., A.K.); Department of Neurology, Tokyo Women Medical University, Tokyo, Japan (K.K.); Division of Cardiology and Population Health Research Institute, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (E.M.L.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (M.W.L., M.S.); Brain and Circulation Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway (E.B.M.); Department of General Practice, EMGO Institute, VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (G.N., J.M.D.); Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan (S.O.); Department of Radiology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (D.H.O'L., J.F.P.); Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (J.F.P., C.R.); Cardiology Division, De
authors.forename: Michiel L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Bots
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Radiology (A.L.M.E.), Department of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (K.A.G., D.E.G., S.A.E.P., M.L.B., H.M.d.R.), and Department of Experimental Cardiology (I.E.H., H.M.d.R.), University Medical Center, Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Cardiac Sciences and Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada (T.J.A.); Department of Epidemiology and Public Health University College London, London, United Kingdom (A.R.B.); Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden (G.E., B.H., M.R.); Department of Biostatistical Sciences and Neurology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (G.W.E.); Division of Vascular Medicine, Department of General Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands (J.d.G., S.H.); Department of Clinical Epidemiology, University of Malaya Medical Center, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (D.E.G.); Osaka Medical Center for Health Science and Promotion, Osaka, Japan (A.I., A.K.); Department of Neurology, Tokyo Women Medical University, Tokyo, Japan (K.K.); Division of Cardiology and Population Health Research Institute, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (E.M.L.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (M.W.L., M.S.); Brain and Circulation Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway (E.B.M.); Department of General Practice, EMGO Institute, VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (G.N., J.M.D.); Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan (S.O.); Department of Radiology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (D.H.O'L., J.F.P.); Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (J.F.P., C.R.); Cardiology Division, De
authors.forename: Hester M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: den Ruijter
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology*; D059168:Carotid Intima-Media Thickness; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D009426:Netherlands / Q000453:epidemiology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors
keywords: atherosclerosis; carotid intima-media thickness; risk factors; young adult