title: Cyclic stretch augments production of neutrophil chemokines, matrix metalloproteinases, and activin a in human endometrial stromal cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to test our hypothesis: Contractile activity that occurs in the uterus during menstruation induces biochemical factors that enhance remodeling of the endometrium.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cyclic stretch, mimicking contractile activity during menstruation, was applied to human endometrial stromal cells (ESC) using the Flexercell Tension system. The concentration and activity of CXCL8, CXCL1, MMPs, and activin A were measured using ELISAs and specific assays. Neutrophil chemotactic activity was evaluated using migration assays.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cyclic stretch significantly induced ESC secretion of CXCL8 and CXCL1 and neutrophil chemotaxis. Stretch also increased MMP-1, MMP-2, and MMP-3 activity, activin A secretion, and activity in ESC.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results indicate that the contractile activities of the uterus during menstruation contribute to the remodeling of the endometrium, by inducing chemokine secretion, MMP expression, activity, and neutrophil chemotaxis.
authors.affiliation: Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Gentaro
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Izumi
authors.affiliation: Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Kaori
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Koga
authors.affiliation: Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Miwako
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nagai
authors.affiliation: Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Urata
authors.affiliation: Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Masashi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Takamura
authors.affiliation: Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Miyuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Harada
authors.affiliation: Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Tetsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hirata
authors.affiliation: Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Yasushi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hirota
authors.affiliation: Chemical Genetics Laboratory, RIKEN, Saitama, Japan.
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ogawa
authors.affiliation: Anti-Aging Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.affiliation: Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Tomoyuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fujii
authors.affiliation: Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Yutaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Osuga
mesh_terms: D028341:Activins / Q000276:immunology*; D054371:Chemokine CXCL11 / Q000276:immunology*; D017364:Collagenases / Q000276:immunology*; D004717:Endometrium / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000276:immunology*; D008598:Menstruation / Q000276:immunology*; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000276:immunology*; D017154:Stromal Cells / Q000276:immunology; D014590:Uterine Contraction / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: C515202:CXCL11 protein, human; C508606:CXCL8 protein, human; D054371:Chemokine CXCL11; D016209:Interleukin-8; C422405:activin A; D028341:Activins; D017364:Collagenases
keywords: CXCL1; CXCL8; endometrium; remodeling