title: In vivo evaluation of the accuracy of working length determination using an electronic apex locater IPEX (NSK) on vital uninfected teeth and teeth with radiographic evidence of periapical lesions.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the accuracy of working length determination of an electronic apex locator, IPEX, on vital uninfected teeth and teeth with radiographic evidence of periapical lesions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty vital and uninfected teeth and 16 teeth with a single canal and matured apices and having radiographic evidence of periapical lesions of 5-10 mm were taken for this study. Access cavities were prepared and pulp was considered to be vital if bleeding was present upon entering the chambers. No. 15 k-type file was used to determine the working length. X-rays were taken to determine the working length using Ingle's method, followed by determination using the electronic apex locator, IPEX. Teeth were then observed under 45 × magnification using stereomicroscope. No 15 k-type file was maneuvered till the emergence of the tip was seen and the real length of the tooth was thus measured in the instrument up to 0.5 mm accuracy using stereomicroscope.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The data were duly collected and entered, and the statistical analysis was done using Student's t test. In uninfected teeth, IPEX was found to be more reliable than Ingle's radiographic technique, but this was not statistically significant. In case of teeth with radiographic evidence of periapical lesions, the radiographic method appeared to be relatively more dependable; however, this difference was not statistically significant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  For rendering effective root canal procedure, both radiographs and electronic apex locators have important roles to play.
authors.affiliation: Department of Conservative and Endodontics, Malabar Dental College and Research Centre, Kerala, India.
authors.forename: Kachenahalli Narasimhaiah
authors.initials: KN
authors.lastname: Raghu
authors.affiliation: Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Raja Rajeswari Dental College and Hospital, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Jacob G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Daniel
authors.affiliation: Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Raja Rajeswari Dental College and Hospital, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Shuaib
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Razvi
authors.affiliation: Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Raja Rajeswari Dental College and Hospital, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Ramachandra
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Vinaychandra
authors.affiliation: Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Raja Rajeswari Dental College and Hospital, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Annapurna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kini
authors.affiliation: Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Raja Rajeswari Dental College and Hospital, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Kunigal Jayram
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Nandakishore
keywords: Electronic apex locator; IPEX; Ingle's method; periapical lesions; radiographs; working length