title: Factors associated with adoption of the electronic health record system among primary care physicians.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A territory-wide Internet-based electronic patient record allows better patient care in different sectors. The engagement of private physicians is one of the major facilitators for implementation, but there is limited information about the current adoption level of electronic medical record (eMR) among private primary care physicians.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This survey measured the adoption level, enabling factors, and hindering factors of eMR, among private physicians in Hong Kong. It also evaluated the key functions and the popularity of electronic systems and vendors used by these private practitioners.
  
  
  METHODS
  A central registry consisting of 4324 private practitioners was set up. Invitations for self-administered surveys and the completed questionnaires were sent and returned via fax, email, postal mail, and on-site clinic visits. Current users and non-users of eMR system were compared according to their demographic and practice characteristics. Student's t tests and chi-square tests were used for continuous and categorical variables, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 524 completed surveys (response rate 524/4405 11.90%) were collected. The proportion of using eMR in private clinics was 79.6% (417/524). When compared with non-users, the eMR users were younger (users: 48.4 years SD 10.6 years vs non-users: 61.7 years SD 10.2 years, P<.001); more were female physicians (users: 80/417, 19.2% vs non-users: 14/107, 13.1%, P=.013); possessed less clinical experience (with more than20 years of practice: users: 261/417, 62.6% vs non-user: 93/107, 86.9%, P<.001); fewer worked under a Health Maintenance Organization (users: 347/417, 83.2% vs non-users: 97/107, 90.7%, P<.001) and more worked with practice partners (users: 126/417, 30.2% vs non-users: 4/107, 3.7%, P<.001). Efficiency (379/417, 90.9%) and reduction of medical errors (229/417, 54.9%) were the major enabling factors, while patient-unfriendliness (58/107, 54.2%) and limited consultation time (54/107, 50.5%) were the most commonly reported hindering factors. The key functions of computer software among eMR users consisted of electronic patient registration system (376/417, 90.2%), drug dispensing system (328/417, 78.7%) and electronic drug labels (296/417, 71.0%). SoftLink Clinic Solution was the most popular vendor (160/417, 38.4%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings identified several physician groups who should be targeted for more assistance on eMR installation and its adoption. Future studies should address the barriers of using Internet-based eMR to enhance its adoption.
authors.affiliation: Hospital Authority Information Technology Services, Health Informatics Section, Hong Kong, China (Hong Kong).
authors.forename: Clement Sk
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Cheung
authors.forename: Ellen Lh
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Tong
authors.forename: Ngai Tseung
authors.initials: NT
authors.lastname: Cheung
authors.forename: Wai Man
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: Harry Hx
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0361-6527
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Mandy Wm
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Kwan
authors.forename: Carmen Km
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.forename: Kirin Ql
authors.initials: KQ
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Martin Cs
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Wong
keywords: adoption; associated factors; electronic medical record; medical informatics; physicians