title: A method of extending the depth of focus of the high-resolution X-ray imaging system employing optical lens and scintillator: a phantom study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The high-resolution X-ray imaging system employing synchrotron radiation source, thin scintillator, optical lens and advanced CCD camera can achieve a resolution in the range of tens of nanometers to sub-micrometer. Based on this advantage, it can effectively image tissues, cells and many other small samples, especially the calcification in the vascular or in the glomerulus. In general, the thickness of the scintillator should be several micrometers or even within nanometers because it has a big relationship with the resolution. However, it is difficult to make the scintillator so thin, and additionally thin scintillator may greatly reduce the efficiency of collecting photons.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this paper, we propose an approach to extend the depth of focus (DOF) to solve these problems. We develop equation sets by deducing the relationship between the high-resolution image generated by the scintillator and the degraded blur image due to defect of focus first, and then we adopt projection onto convex sets (POCS) and total variation algorithm to get the solution of the equation sets and to recover the blur image.
  
  
  RESULTS
  By using a 20 μm thick unmatching scintillator to replace the 1 μm thick matching one, we simulated a high-resolution X-ray imaging system and got a degraded blur image. Based on the algorithm proposed, we recovered the blur image and the result in the experiment showed that the proposed algorithm has good performance on the recovery of image blur caused by unmatching thickness of scintillator.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The method proposed is testified to be able to efficiently recover the degraded image due to defect of focus. But, the quality of the recovery image especially of the low contrast image depends on the noise level of the degraded blur image, so there is room for improving and the corresponding denoising algorithm is worthy for further study and discussion.
authors.forename: Guang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Shouhua
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.forename: Yuling
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.forename: Ning
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Gu
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D007909:Lenses; D049449:Luminescence; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D011856:Radiographic Image Enhancement / Q000295:instrumentation*; D011859:Radiography / Q000295:instrumentation*