title: Anticipatory guidance for children and adolescents with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD): practice points for primary health care providers.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) is an umbrella term that describes the range of effects that can occur in an individual who was prenatally exposed to alcohol and includes an array of complex neurodevelopmental and physical findings.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To give primary healthcare providers (PHCP) evidence-based recommendations for supporting and managing the symptoms of FASD after patients have received a diagnosis. MethodsPrimary health recommendations for the management of children and adolescents with FASD were developed based on expert clinical judgment and supported by evidence-based research, where appropriate. The format was adapted from other health supervision practice guidelines as developed by the American Academy of Pediatrics. Clinical practice "Points" for the PHCP are highlighted. A reference table of anticipatory recommendations by age is presented.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In most cases, the initial screening and referral for diagnosis will be made by the PHCP, and they will be responsible for ongoing management. It is anticipated that these recommendations will provide the PHCP with evidence to support the longitudinal health care of children and adolescents with FASD and their families as they transition throughout all developmental stages.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is a pressing need for the involvement of PHCP in the active care of children and adolescents with FASD and their families over the lifespan. PHCP are trained in screening, prevention, and management of health needs, and are in the position to coordinate sub-specialty referrals as needed. Engaging PHCP will provide a truly integrated care system for individuals with FASD and their families.
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hanlon-Dearman
authors.forename: Courtney R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Green
authors.forename: Gail
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Andrew
authors.forename: Nicole
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: LeBlanc
authors.forename: Jocelynn L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Cook
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D016497:Adolescent Health Services / Q000592:standards*; D002648:Child; D002662:Child Health Services / Q000592:standards*; D003266:Continuity of Patient Care / Q000592:standards; D003695:Delivery of Health Care / Q000592:standards*; D063647:Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011320:Primary Health Care / Q000592:standards*; D012307:Risk Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome