title: Multi-antigen print immunoassay (MAPIA)-based evaluation of novel recombinant Leishmania infantum antigens for the serodiagnosis of canine visceral leishmaniasis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Domestic dogs are the principal reservoir hosts of Leishmania infantum in regions where visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is endemic. Although serologic methods are frequently used for the screening of infected dogs, antibody-based tests require further assessment, due to lack of sensitivity and specificity. In this study, we employed a multi-antigen printing immunoassay (MAPIA) to compare the antibody responses to novel recombinant proteins of L. infantum with the potential for the detection of canine VL.
  
  
  RESULTS
  MAPIA strips were prepared employing 12 recombinant proteins. Antibody reactivity to these antigens was compared using a panel of sera collected from clinically asymptomatic (n = 16) and symptomatic (n = 41) culture-positive animals. Our findings showed that the canine immune response to antigen differs between dogs and depends on infection status. Using this screening assay, when five out of the 12 antigens were combined, an overall 81% detection rate of L. infantum-infected dogs was achieved.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that MAPIA is an effective screening tool to rapidly select multiple antigens of diagnostic utility to be used in a more sensitive point of care diagnostic test such as the Dual-Path Platform (DPP) multiplex test for the rapid detection of infected dogs.
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Patologia e Biointervenção, Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, FIOCRUZ, Rua Waldemar Falcão, 121 (Candeal), Salvador, BA, Brazil. isaacqueiroz@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Isaac Queiroz
authors.initials: IQ
authors.lastname: de Oliveira
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Patologia e Biointervenção, Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, FIOCRUZ, Rua Waldemar Falcão, 121 (Candeal), Salvador, BA, Brazil. rodrigo_araujosilva@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Rodrigo Araujo
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Tecnologia Diagnóstica, Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos, Bio-Manguinhos, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. sucupira@bio.fiocruz.br.
authors.forename: Michel Vergne
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Sucupira
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Tecnologia Diagnóstica, Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos, Bio-Manguinhos, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. edmilson@bio.fiocruz.br.
authors.forename: Edmilson Domingos
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: da Silva
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia de Doenças Tropicais, INCT-DT, Salvador, BA, Brazil. alexreis@nupeb.ufop.br.|Laboratório de Imunopatologia, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil. alexreis@nupeb.ufop.br.
authors.forename: Alexandre Barbosa
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Reis
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Patologia e Biointervenção, Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, FIOCRUZ, Rua Waldemar Falcão, 121 (Candeal), Salvador, BA, Brazil. grimaldi@bahia.fiocruz.br.
authors.forename: Gabriel
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Grimaldi
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Patologia e Biointervenção, Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, FIOCRUZ, Rua Waldemar Falcão, 121 (Candeal), Salvador, BA, Brazil. dbmfraga@gmail.com.|Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia de Doenças Tropicais, INCT-DT, Salvador, BA, Brazil. dbmfraga@gmail.com.|Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Produção Animal, Escola de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil. dbmfraga@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Deborah Bittencourt Mothé
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Fraga
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Patologia e Biointervenção, Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, FIOCRUZ, Rua Waldemar Falcão, 121 (Candeal), Salvador, BA, Brazil. pveras@bahia.fiocruz.br.|Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia de Doenças Tropicais, INCT-DT, Salvador, BA, Brazil. pveras@bahia.fiocruz.br.
authors.forename: Patrícia Sampaio Tavares
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Veras
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000953:Antigens, Protozoan / Q000276:immunology*; D004197:Disease Reservoirs / Q000469:parasitology / Q000662:veterinary; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000469:parasitology*; D004285:Dogs; D007118:Immunoassay / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D018314:Leishmania infantum / Q000276:immunology*; D007898:Leishmaniasis, Visceral / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000662:veterinary*; D012698:Serologic Tests / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*
chemical_list: D000953:Antigens, Protozoan