title: Prolonged prevention of retinal degeneration with retinylamine loaded nanoparticles.
abstract: Retinal degeneration impairs the vision of millions in all age groups worldwide. Increasing evidence suggests that the etiology of many retinal degenerative diseases is associated with impairment in biochemical reactions involved in the visual cycle, a metabolic pathway responsible for regeneration of the visual chromophore (11-cis-retinal). Inefficient clearance of toxic retinoid metabolites, especially all-trans-retinal, is considered responsible for photoreceptor cytotoxicity. Primary amines, including retinylamine, are effective in lowing the concentration of all-trans-retinal within the retina and thus prevent retina degeneration in mouse models of human retinopathies. Here we achieved prolonged prevention of retinal degeneration by controlled delivery of retinylamine to the eye from polylactic acid nanoparticles in Abca4(-/-)Rdh8(-/-) (DKO) mice, an animal model of Stargardt disease/age-related macular degeneration. Subcutaneous administration of the nanoparticles containing retinylamine provided a constant supply of the drug to the eye for about a week and resulted in effective prolonged prevention of light-induced retinal degeneration in DKO mice. Retinylamine nanoparticles hold promise for prolonged prophylactic treatment of human retinal degenerative diseases, including Stargardt disease and age-related macular degeneration.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44140, USA.
authors.forename: Anthony
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Puntel
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Cleveland Center for Membrane and Structural Biology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44140, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44140, USA.
authors.forename: Akiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Maeda
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Cleveland Center for Membrane and Structural Biology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44140, USA.
authors.forename: Marcin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Golczak
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Cleveland Center for Membrane and Structural Biology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44140, USA.
authors.forename: Song-Qi
authors.initials: SQ
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44140, USA.
authors.forename: Guanping
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Cleveland Center for Membrane and Structural Biology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44140, USA.
authors.forename: Krzysztof
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Palczewski
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44140, USA. Electronic address: zxl125@case.edu.
authors.forename: Zheng-Rong
authors.initials: ZR
authors.lastname: Lu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004224:Diterpenes / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004596:Electroretinography; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000627:therapeutic use* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D010316:Particle Size; D011091:Polyesters; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry; D012162:Retinal Degeneration / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D041623:Tomography, Optical Coherence
chemical_list: D004224:Diterpenes; D011091:Polyesters; D011108:Polymers; D019344:Lactic Acid; C009167:retinylamine; C033616:poly(lactide)
keywords: Drug delivery; Nanoparticles; Prevention; Retina degeneration; Retinylamine