title: Characterization, antioxidant and immunomodulatory activities of polysaccharides from Prunella vulgaris Linn.
abstract: Water-soluble polysaccharides from Prunella vulgaris Linn (P. vulgaris) were fractionated using DEAE-Sepharose fast-flow column to obtain several eluents of water (PV-P1), 0.1M NaCl (PV-P2) and 0.2M NaCl (PV-P3). Structural analyses showed that PV-P1 had a higher molecular weight and degree of branching as compared to PV-P2 and PV-P3. Tertiary structure analyses indicated that PV-P1, PV-P2 and PV-P3 did not have triple-helical conformation. PV-P2 and PV-P3 showed stronger antioxidant activities than PV-P1, as measured radical scavenging capacities. PV-P1 showed stronger immunomodulatory activities than PV-P2 and PV-P3 in term of stimulation of the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in murine macrophage RAW 264.7 cells. PV-P1, PV-P2 and PV-P3 did not exhibit cytotoxicities against RAW 264.7 at the concentrations tested. These results suggest that P. vulgaris polysaccharides could be explored as potential antioxidant and immunomodulatory agents for the complementary medicine or functional foods.
authors.affiliation: College of Light Industry and Food Sciences, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510640, China.
authors.forename: Chao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: College of Light Industry and Food Sciences, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510640, China.
authors.forename: Qiang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: College of Light Industry and Food Sciences, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510640, China. Electronic address: lfxfu@scut.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Xiong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.affiliation: College of Light Industry and Food Sciences, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510640, China.
authors.forename: Xiu-Jie
authors.initials: XJ
authors.lastname: Yue
authors.affiliation: College of Light Industry and Food Sciences, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510640, China; Department of Food Science, Stocking Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
authors.forename: Rui Hai
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: College of Light Industry and Food Sciences, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510640, China. Electronic address: feyoulijun@scut.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Li-Jun
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: You
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D052160:Benzothiazoles / Q000737:chemistry; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D002236:Carbohydrate Conformation; D016923:Cell Death / Q000187:drug effects; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000494:pharmacology; D006027:Glycosides / Q000737:chemistry; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051379:Mice; D008970:Molecular Weight; D009005:Monosaccharides / Q000032:analysis; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D010851:Picrates / Q000737:chemistry; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D031347:Prunella / Q000737:chemistry*; D000067996:RAW 264.7 Cells; D012685:Sepharose / Q000737:chemistry; D013055:Spectrophotometry, Infrared; D013451:Sulfonic Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D014574:Uronic Acids / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D052160:Benzothiazoles; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D006027:Glycosides; D007155:Immunologic Factors; D009005:Monosaccharides; D010851:Picrates; D011134:Polysaccharides; D013451:Sulfonic Acids; D014574:Uronic Acids; C002502:2,2'-azino-di-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6-sulfonic acid; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D012685:Sepharose; C004931:1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl
keywords: Antioxidant activity; Immunomodulatory activity; Polysaccharides; Prunella vulgaris; Structural features