title: Developing cutaneous applications of paromomycin entrapped in stimuli-sensitive block copolymer nanogel dispersions.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A new paromomycin micellar nanogel based on poloxamer 407 was developed.
  
  
  METHODS
  In vitro release and ex vivo permeation/retention studies were conducted. In vivo tolerance was assayed by transepidermal water loss. Ex vivo cytotoxicity on RAW and VERO cells and antileishmanial activity on Leishmania promastigotes was tested.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The particle size was 9.19 nm (99% loading efficiency) exhibiting Newtonian behavior at 4°C and was pseudoplastic at 25 and 40°C. Drug release followed a Weibull model and the drug remaining in the skin was 31.652 µg/g/cm(2). In vivo tolerance achieved excellent results with negligible cellular toxicity and the best antileishmanial efficiency.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The nanogel provided controlled, effective and safe delivery of paromomycin for the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis.
authors.affiliation: Health Microbiology & Parasitology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Joan XXIII Avenue, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Alba Pujol
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Brugués
authors.forename: Beatriz Clares
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Naveros
authors.forename: Ana C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Calpena Campmany
authors.forename: Pilar Hernández
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Pastor
authors.forename: Roser Fisa
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Saladrigas
authors.forename: Cristina Riera
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Lizandra
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops; D007891:Leishmania / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D016773:Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous / Q000469:parasitology; D000080385:Nanogels; D010303:Paromomycin / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000737:chemistry*; D011094:Polyethyleneimine / Q000737:chemistry*; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry*; D014709:Vero Cells
chemical_list: D000080385:Nanogels; D011108:Polymers; C413692:polyethylene glycol polyethyleneimine nanogel; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D010303:Paromomycin; D011094:Polyethyleneimine
keywords: cutaneous leishmaniasis; nanogel; paromomycin; poloxamer 407; polymeric micelles