title: Noroviruses: epidemiology, immunity and prospects for prevention.
abstract: In recent years, noroviruses have become recognized as an important cause of both sporadic and epidemic acute gastroenteritis (AGE), largely due to the improved availability of broadly reactive real-time RT-PCR (TaqMan-based RT-PCR) assays. While there is substantial diversity among noroviruses, one specific genotype, GII.4, is the most common etiology in sporadic and epidemic AGE. Outbreaks of norovirus AGE most commonly occur in healthcare facilities and restaurants and result in significant morbidity and mortality and substantial healthcare costs. Norovirus vaccine development is progressing, and Phase I and II human trials have shown proof-of-principle that norovirus vaccines can reduce illness and infection.
authors.affiliation: Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization & Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control & Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Mailstop A-34, Atlanta, GA, 30333, USA.
authors.forename: Kimberly
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Pringle
authors.forename: Benjamin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lopman
authors.forename: Everardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Vega
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vinje
authors.forename: Umesh D
authors.initials: UD
authors.lastname: Parashar
authors.forename: Aron J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Hall
mesh_terms: D017250:Caliciviridae Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000276:immunology* / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000635:transmission; D004196:Disease Outbreaks; D005759:Gastroenteritis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000276:immunology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D017720:Molecular Epidemiology; D029322:Norovirus / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology; D015995:Prevalence; D014765:Viral Vaccines
chemical_list: D014765:Viral Vaccines
keywords: Caliciviridae; GII.4; herd immunity; norovirus; vaccine