title: Clinics of ocular tuberculosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Ocular tuberculosis is an extrapulmonary tuberculous condition and has variable manifestations. The purpose of this review is to describe the clinical manifestations of ocular tuberculosis affecting the anterior and posterior segments of the eye in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Review of literature using Pubmed database.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mycobacterium tuberculosis may lead to formation of conjunctival granuloma, nodular scleritis, and interstitial keratitis. Lacrimal gland and orbital caseating granulomas are rare but may occur. The intraocular structures are also a target of insult by M. tuberculosis and may cause anterior granulomatous uveitis, anterior and posterior synechiae, secondary glaucoma, and cataract. The bacillus may involve the ciliary body, resulting in the formation of a localized caseating granuloma. Posterior segment manifestations include vitritis, retinal vasculitis, optic neuritis, serpiginous-like choroiditis, choroidal tubercules, subretinal neovascularization, and, rarely, endophthalmitis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The recognition of clinical signs of ocular tuberculosis is of utmost importance as it can provide clinical pathway toward tailored investigations and decision making for initiating anti-tuberculosis therapy.
authors.affiliation: Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research Chandigarh , Advanced Eye Centre , India .
authors.forename: Vishali
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.forename: Samir S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Shoughy
authors.forename: Sarakshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mahajan
authors.forename: Moncef
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Khairallah
authors.forename: James T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Rosenbaum
authors.forename: Andre
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Curi
authors.forename: Khalid F
authors.initials: KF
authors.lastname: Tabbara
mesh_terms: D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005123:Eye / Q000382:microbiology*; D006801:Humans; D009169:Mycobacterium tuberculosis / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D014374:Tuberculin Test; D014392:Tuberculosis, Ocular / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000382:microbiology
keywords: Anterior granulomatous uveitis; intermediate uveitis; ocular tuberculosis, posterior uveitis; scleritis