title: Trace level voltammetric determination of lead and cadmium in sediment pore water by a bismuth-oxychloride particle-multiwalled carbon nanotube composite modified glassy carbon electrode.
abstract: Two multiwalled carbon nanotubes-based composites modified with bismuth and bismuth-oxychloride particles were synthesized and attached to the glassy carbon electrode substrate. The resultant configurations, Bi/MWCNT-GCE and BiOCl/MWNT-GCE, were then characterized with respect to their physicochemical properties and electroanalytical performance in combination with square-wave anodic stripping voltammetry (SWASV). Further, some key experimental conditions and instrumental parameters were optimized; namely: the supporting electrolyte composition, accumulation potential and time, together with the parameters of the SWV-ramp. The respective method with both electrode configurations has then been examined for the trace level determination of Pb(2+) and Cd(2+) ions and the results compared to those obtained with classical bismuth-film modified GCE. The different intensities of analytical signals obtained at the three electrodes for Pb(2+) and Cd(2+) vs. the saturated calomel reference electrode had indicated that the nature of the modifiers and the choice of the supporting electrolyte influenced significantly the corresponding stripping signals. The most promising procedure involved the BiOCl/MWCNT-GCE and the acetate buffer (pH 4.0) offering limits of determination of 4.0 μg L(-1) Cd(2+) and 1.9 μg L(-1) Pb(2+) when accumulating for 120 s at a potential of -1.20 V vs. ref. The BiOCl/MWCNT electrode was tested for the determination of target ions in the pore water of a selected sediment sample and the results agreed well with those obtained by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry.
authors.affiliation: University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, Trg D. Obradovića 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia.
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cerovac
authors.affiliation: University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, Trg D. Obradovića 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia. Electronic address: valeria.guzsvany@dh.uns.ac.rs.
authors.forename: Valéria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Guzsvány
authors.affiliation: University of Szeged, Department of Applied and Environmental Chemistry, Rerrich Béla tér 1, 6720 Szeged, Hungary; MTA-SZTE Reaction Kinetics and Surface Chemistry Research Group, Rerrich Béla tér 1, 6720 Szeged, Hungary.
authors.forename: Zoltán
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Kónya
authors.affiliation: University of Pardubice, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Studentská 573, 532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic; MemBrain, s.r.o., Pod Vinicí 87, 471 27 Stráž pod Ralskem, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Amir M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Ashrafi
authors.affiliation: University of Pardubice, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Studentská 573, 532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Ivan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Švancara
authors.affiliation: University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, Trg D. Obradovića 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia.
authors.forename: Srđan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rončević
authors.affiliation: University of Szeged, Department of Applied and Environmental Chemistry, Rerrich Béla tér 1, 6720 Szeged, Hungary; MTA-SZTE "Lendület" Porous Nanocomposites Research Group, Rerrich Béla tér 1, 6720 Szeged, Hungary.
authors.forename: Ákos
authors.initials: Á
authors.lastname: Kukovecz
authors.affiliation: University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, Trg D. Obradovića 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia.
authors.forename: Božo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Dalmacija
authors.affiliation: University of Pardubice, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Studentská 573, 532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Karel
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Vytřas
keywords: Bismuth-oxychloride/multiwalled carbon nanotubes; Bismuth/multiwalled carbon nanotubes; Determination; Lead and cadmium; Modified electrodes; Sediment pore water