title: The role of relatives in pathways to care of patients with a first episode of psychosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore the role of relatives in pathways to care of patients with a recent onset of psychosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 34 consecutive patients and their relatives from the Department of Psychiatry of the University of Naples SUN participated in the study. Pathways to care were retrospectively evaluated by administering the Pathways to Care Form and the Nottingham Onset Schedule (NOS) to patients, relatives and treating physicians. Relatives were addressed with the Family Involvement in Pathways to care Schedule (FIPS).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Duration of untreated illness (DUI) and duration of untreated psychosis (DUP) were 145.4 (±141.9) and 33.3 (±54.0) weeks, respectively. Help-seeking delay was 17.6 (±45.0) weeks. The first request for help was made by relatives in 76% of cases. Among health professionals, general practitioners were those most frequently contacted, followed by psychiatrists, neurologists or psychologists. Stigma and wrong attribution of psychotic symptoms were the main reasons for help-seeking delays.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Relatives play a crucial role in pathways to care of patients with psychosis. DUI and DUP could be reduced by interventions aimed at increasing knowledge of early symptoms in the general population, and by the provision of psychiatric consultations in non-stigmatizing settings for young people with psychological distress.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Naples SUN, Naples, Italy valeria.delvecchio78@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Valeria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Del Vecchio
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Naples SUN, Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Luciano
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Naples SUN, Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Gaia
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sampogna
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Naples SUN, Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Corrado
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: De Rosa
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Naples SUN, Naples, Italy Unit for Social and Community Psychiatry, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
authors.forename: Domenico
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Giacco
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical and Surgical Science, Section of Psychiatry, Bologna University, Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Ilaria
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Tarricone
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Naples SUN, Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Catapano
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Naples SUN, Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fiorillo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D039721:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010342:Patient Acceptance of Health Care; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011613:Psychotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D057545:Social Stigma; D061665:Time-to-Treatment; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Duration of untreated psychosis; first episode psychosis; pathways to care; relatives; schizophrenia