title: PACE Continuous Innovation Indicators-a novel tool to measure progress in cancer treatments.
abstract: Concerns about rising health care costs and the often incremental nature of improvements in health outcomes continue to fuel intense debates about 'progress' and 'value' in cancer research. In times of tightening fiscal constraints, it is increasingly important for patients and their representatives to define what constitutes 'value' to them. It is clear that diverse stakeholders have different priorities. Harmonisation of values may be neither possible nor desirable. Stakeholders lack tools to visualise or otherwise express these differences and to track progress in cancer treatments based on variable sets of values. The Patient Access to Cancer care Excellence (PACE) Continuous Innovation Indicators are novel, scientifically rigorous progress trackers that employ a three-step process to quantify progress in cancer treatments: 1) mine the literature to determine the strength of the evidence supporting each treatment; 2) allow users to weight the analysis according to their priorities and values; and 3) calculate Evidence Scores (E-Scores), a novel measure to track progress, based on the strength of the evidence weighted by the assigned value. We herein introduce a novel, flexible value model, show how the values from the model can be used to weight the evidence from the scientific literature to obtain E-Scores, and illustrate how assigning different values to new treatments influences the E-Scores. The Indicators allow users to learn how differing values lead to differing assessments of progress in cancer research and to check whether current incentives for innovation are aligned with their value model. By comparing E-Scores generated by this tool, users are able to visualise the relative pace of innovation across areas of cancer research and how stepwise innovation can contribute to substantial progress against cancer over time. Learning from experience and mapping current unmet needs will help to support a broad audience of stakeholders in their efforts to accelerate and maximise progress against cancer.
authors.affiliation: Rose Li and Associates, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland 20817, USA.
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Paddock
authors.affiliation: Rose Li and Associates, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland 20817, USA.
authors.forename: Lauren
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Brum
authors.affiliation: Rose Li and Associates, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland 20817, USA.
authors.forename: Kathleen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sorrow
authors.affiliation: Rose Li and Associates, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland 20817, USA.
authors.forename: Samuel
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.affiliation: Rose Li and Associates, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland 20817, USA.
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Spence
authors.affiliation: Prevention and Health Promotion, State of Hessen, 65187 Wiesbaden, Germany.
authors.forename: Catharina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Maulbecker-Armstrong
authors.affiliation: Center for Comparative Effectiveness Research, The Lewin Group, Falls Church, Virginia 22042, USA.
authors.forename: Clifford
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Goodman
authors.affiliation: University of Leicester, LE1 7RH, United Kingdom; National Lung Cancer Audit, Clinical Effectiveness and Evaluation Unit, Royal College of Physicians, London NW1 4LE, United Kingdom; National Cancer Intelligence Network, London SE1 8UG, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Peake
authors.affiliation: European Institute of Oncology, Milan 20146, Italy; University of Milan, Italy; University of Glasgow, G12 8QQ, United Kingdom; University of Wales, Cardiff, South Glam CF10 3NS, United Kingdom; Founding Editor of ecancer.org.
authors.forename: Gordon
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: McVie
authors.affiliation: Lilly Oncology, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, USA.
authors.forename: Gary
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Geipel
authors.affiliation: Rose Li and Associates, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland 20817, USA.
authors.forename: Rose
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Li
keywords: cancer; indicators; innovation; progress; value