title: Anti-obesity and anti-hyperglycemic effects of cinnamaldehyde via altered ghrelin secretion and functional impact on food intake and gastric emptying.
abstract: Cinnamon extract is associated to different health benefits but the active ingredients or pathways are unknown. Cinnamaldehyde (CIN) imparts the characteristic flavor to cinnamon and is known to be the main agonist of transient receptor potential-ankyrin receptor 1 (TRPA1). Here, expression of TRPA1 in epithelial mouse stomach cells is described. After receiving a single-dose of CIN, mice significantly reduce cumulative food intake and gastric emptying rates. Co-localization of TRPA1 and ghrelin in enteroendocrine cells of the duodenum is observed both in vivo and in the MGN3-1 cell line, a ghrelin secreting cell model, where incubation with CIN up-regulates expression of TRPA1 and Insulin receptor genes. Ghrelin secreted in the culture medium was quantified following CIN stimulation and we observe that octanoyl and total ghrelin are significantly lower than in control conditions. Additionally, obese mice fed for five weeks with CIN-containing diet significantly reduce their cumulative body weight gain and improve glucose tolerance without detectable modification of insulin secretion. Finally, in adipose tissue up-regulation of genes related to fatty acid oxidation was observed. Taken together, the results confirm anti-hyperglycemic and anti-obesity effects of CIN opening a new approach to investigate how certain spice derived compounds regulate endogenous ghrelin release for therapeutic intervention.
authors.affiliation: 1] Nestlé Research Center, Vers-chez-les-Blanc, Lausanne, Switzerland [2] Brain Mind Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Susana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Camacho
authors.affiliation: Nestlé Research Center, Vers-chez-les-Blanc, Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Stephanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Michlig
authors.affiliation: Nestlé Research Center, Vers-chez-les-Blanc, Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Carole
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: de Senarclens-Bezençon
authors.affiliation: Nestlé Research Center, Vers-chez-les-Blanc, Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Jenny
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Meylan
authors.affiliation: Brain Mind Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Julie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Meystre
authors.affiliation: Brain Mind Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Maurizio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pezzoli
authors.affiliation: Brain Mind Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Henry
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Markram
authors.affiliation: 1] Nestlé Research Center, Vers-chez-les-Blanc, Lausanne, Switzerland [2] The University of Tokyo, Organization for Interdisciplinary Research Projects, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan.
authors.forename: Johannes
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: le Coutre
mesh_terms: D000171:Acrolein / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D019440:Anti-Obesity Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002460:Cell Line; D004435:Eating / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D005746:Gastric Emptying / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics; D005753:Gastric Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D054439:Ghrelin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D008820:Mice, Obese; D000074025:TRPA1 Cation Channel; D050051:Transient Receptor Potential Channels / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D019440:Anti-Obesity Agents; D054439:Ghrelin; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D000074025:TRPA1 Cation Channel; D050051:Transient Receptor Potential Channels; C475685:Trpa1 protein, mouse; D000171:Acrolein; C012843:cinnamaldehyde