title: The role of hypoxia and Morg1 in renal injury.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Renal hypoxia is known to play an important role in the pathophysiology of acute renal injury as well as in chronic kidney diseases. The mediators of hypoxia are the transcription factors HIF (hypoxia-inducible factors), that are highly regulated. Under normoxic conditions constitutively expressed HIF-α subunits are hydroxylated by prolyl hydroxylases (PHD1, PHD2, and PHD3) and subsequently degraded by proteasomes.
  
  
  METHODS
  This narrative review is based on the material searched for and obtained via PubMed and MEDLINE up to January 2015.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The MAPK organizer 1 (Morg1) has been identified to act as a scaffold protein of PHD3 and suppression of Morg1 leads to the stabilization of HIF-α, which forms in the absence of oxygen a heterodimer with HIF-β, translocates to the nucleus and promotes the transcription of HIF target genes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This review summarizes the current knowledge regarding the role of hypoxia, HIF signalling, and Morg1 in acute and chronic renal injury.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany.
authors.forename: Ivonne
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Loeffler
authors.forename: Gunter
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wolf
mesh_terms: D058186:Acute Kidney Injury / Q000209:etiology*; D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing / Q000502:physiology*; D051784:Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Nuclear Translocator / Q000502:physiology; D004921:Erythropoietin / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D000860:Hypoxia / Q000150:complications*; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit / Q000502:physiology; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000209:etiology; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit; C542372:WDR83 protein, human; D004921:Erythropoietin; D051784:Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Nuclear Translocator
keywords: Morg1; acute kidney injury; chronic kidney disease (CKD); hypoxia; hypoxia-inducible factor