title: Integrated microwave processing system for the extraction of organophosphorus pesticides in fresh vegetables.
abstract: A simple and efficient integrated microwave processing system (IMPS) was firstly assembled and validated for the extraction of organophosphorus pesticides in fresh vegetables. Two processes under microwave irradiation, dynamic microwave-assisted extraction (DMAE) and microwave-accelerated solvent elution (MASE), were integrated for simplifying the pretreatment of the sample. Extraction, separation, enrichment and elution were finished in a simple step. The organophosphorus pesticides were extracted from the fresh vegetables into hexane with DMAE, and then the extract was directly introduced into the enrichment column packed with active carbon fiber (ACF). Subsequently, the organophosphorus pesticides trapped on the ACF were eluted with ethyl acetate under microwave irradiation. No further filtration or cleanup was required before analysis of the eluate by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Some experimental parameters affecting extraction efficiency were investigated and optimized, such as microwave output power, kind and volume of extraction solvent, extraction time, amount of sorbent, elution microwave power, kind and volume of elution solvent, elution solvent flow rate. Under the optimized conditions, the recoveries were in the range of 71.5-105.2%, and the relative standard deviations were lower than 11.6%. The experiment results prove that the present method is a simple and effective sample preparation method for the determination of pesticides in solid samples.
authors.affiliation: College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China.
authors.forename: Lijie
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China.
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China.
authors.forename: Mingzhu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China.
authors.forename: Xu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China.
authors.forename: Hanqi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China.
authors.forename: Aimin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing 100123, China.
authors.forename: Qiang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China. Electronic address: wangziming@jlu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Ziming
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D002244:Carbon / Q000737:chemistry; D000077482:Carbon Fiber; D008872:Microwaves; D009943:Organophosphorus Compounds / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D010575:Pesticides / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D014675:Vegetables / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000077482:Carbon Fiber; D009943:Organophosphorus Compounds; D010575:Pesticides; D002244:Carbon
keywords: Fresh vegetables; Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry; Integrated microwave processing system; Organophosphorus pesticides