title: Polio endgame: the global introduction of inactivated polio vaccine.
abstract: In 2013, the World Health Assembly endorsed a plan that calls for the ultimate withdrawal of oral polio vaccines (OPV) from all immunization programs globally. The withdrawal would begin in a phased manner with removal of the type 2 component of OPV in 2016 through a global switch from trivalent OPV to bivalent OPV (containing only types 1 and 3). To mitigate risks associated with immunity gaps after OPV type 2 withdrawal, the WHO Strategic Advisory Group of Experts has recommended that all 126 OPV-only using countries introduce at least one dose of inactivated polio vaccine into routine immunization programs by end-2015, before the trivalent OPV-bivalent OPV switch. The introduction of inactivated polio vaccine would reduce risks of reintroduction of type 2 poliovirus by providing some level of seroprotection, facilitating interruption of transmission if outbreaks occur, and accelerating eradication by boosting immunity to types 1 and 3 polioviruses.
authors.affiliation: Task Force for Global Health, 325 Swanton Way, Atlanta, GA 30330, USA.
authors.forename: Manish
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.forename: Simona
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zipursky
authors.forename: Walt
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Orenstein
authors.forename: Julie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Garon
authors.forename: Michel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zaffran
mesh_terms: D060740:Disease Eradication; D018562:Disease Transmission, Infectious / Q000517:prevention & control; D014943:Global Health; D006291:Health Policy; D006801:Humans; D017589:Immunization Programs; D011051:Poliomyelitis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000635:transmission; D011054:Poliovirus Vaccine, Inactivated / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000276:immunology*; D011055:Poliovirus Vaccine, Oral / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000276:immunology; D014611:Vaccination / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D011054:Poliovirus Vaccine, Inactivated; D011055:Poliovirus Vaccine, Oral
keywords: eradication; immunization; inactivated polio vaccine; oral polio vaccine; polio; poliomyelitis