title: Attenuation of autoimmune responses to oxidative specific epitopes, but not nitroso-adducts, is associated with a better clinical outcome in Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  There is evidence that inflammatory, oxidative and nitrosative stress (IO&NS) pathways participate in the pathophysiology of a subgroup of patients with Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS). Increased IgM-related autoimmune responses to oxidative specific epitopes (OSEs), including malondialdehyde (MDA), oleic acid and phosphatidyl inositol (Pi), and nitroso-(NO)-adducts, including NO-tryptophan (NOW), NO-arginine and NO-cysteinyl, are frequently observed in ME/CFS. Autoimmune responses in ME/CFS may be driven by increased bacterial translocation as measured by IgM and IgA responses to LPS of gram negative bacteria.
  
  
  METHODS
  The aim of this study is to examine whether IgM responses to OSEs and NO-adducts are related to a better outcome as measured by the Fibromyalgia and Fatigue Rating Scale (FF). 76 ME/CFS patients with initially abnormal autoimmune responses were treated with care-as-usual, including nutraceuticals with anti-IO&NS effects (NAIOS), such as L-carnitine, coenzyme Q10, taurine + lipoic acid, with or without curcumine + quercitine or N-acetyl-cysteine, zinc + glutamine.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found that use of these NAIOS was associated with highly significant reductions in initially increased IgM-mediated autoimmune responses to OSEs and NO-adducts. A greater reduction in autoimmune responses to OSEs during intake of these NAIOS was associated with a lower FF score. Reductions in IgM responses to oleic acid, MDA and Pi, but not in any of the NO-adducts, were associated with reductions in severity of illness. These associations remained significant after adjusting for possible effects of increased bacterial translocation (leaky gut).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results show that autoimmune responses to OSEs are involved in the pathophysiology of ME/CFS and that these pathways are a new drug target in a subgroup of ME/CFS patients. Although hypernitrosylation and nitrosative stress play a role in ME/CFS, reductions in these pathways are not associated with lowered severity of illness. Randomized controlled trials with NAIOS should be carried out in the subgroup of ME/CFS patients with initially increased autoimmune responses to OSEs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Maes
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire Ategis, Brussels, Belgium.
authors.forename: Jean-Claude
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Leunis
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D018988:Bacterial Translocation / Q000276:immunology; D000939:Epitopes / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D015673:Fatigue Syndrome, Chronic / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007075:Immunoglobulin M / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009603:Nitroso Compounds / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000276:immunology*; D026361:Reactive Nitrogen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D000939:Epitopes; D007075:Immunoglobulin M; D009603:Nitroso Compounds; D026361:Reactive Nitrogen Species; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species