title: Improvement of flavor and viscosity in hot and cold break tomato juice and sauce by peel removal.
abstract: Tomatoes are typically not peeled before being made into juice but the peels contain enzymes that affect the odor, flavor, and viscosity of the juice. The peels are removed in the finisher, but their presence during the break process may affect quality. Juice was processed from peeled and unpeeled tomatoes using hot or cold break. The juices were pasteurized by high temperature short time (HTST), low temperature long time (LTLT), or with a retort. The control samples were treated with 10% calcium chloride to stop enzymatic activity in the juice. Sauce was made from juice and the tomato products were analyzed for volatiles, color, viscosity, and by sensory. Cold break juice made with peel contained higher levels of some lipoxygenase-, carotenoid-, and amino acid-derived volatiles, than the juice made without peel. Because of the lack of enzyme activity, hot break juices had lower levels of these volatiles and there was no significant difference between hot break juices made with and without peel. CaCl2 -treated and HTST juice had higher levels of most of the volatiles than LTLT, including the lipoxygenase-derived volatiles. The presence of peel produced a significant decrease in the viscosity of the cold break juice and sauce. There was no significant difference in the hue angle, total soluble solids, pH, titratable acidity, and vitamin C for most of the treatments. The texture, flavor, and overall liking of cold break juice made without peel were preferred over cold break juice made with peel whereas the color was less preferred. Between the sauces no significant differences in preference were obtained.
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Food Science and Technology, The Ohio State Univ, 2015 Fyffe Rd, Columbus, OH, U.S.A.
authors.forename: Rita
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mirondo
authors.forename: Sheryl
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Barringer
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000032:analysis; D001628:Beverages / Q000032:analysis*; D002338:Carotenoids / Q000032:analysis; D003080:Cold Temperature; D003116:Color; D005260:Female; D005511:Food Handling; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry; D006358:Hot Temperature; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008084:Lipoxygenase / Q000378:metabolism; D018551:Solanum lycopersicum / Q000737:chemistry*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009812:Odorants / Q000032:analysis; D061352:Pasteurization; D013649:Taste; D014783:Viscosity; D055549:Volatile Organic Compounds; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D055549:Volatile Organic Compounds; D002338:Carotenoids; D008084:Lipoxygenase; D001205:Ascorbic Acid
keywords: cold break and hot break; peel; sauce; tomato juice