title: Air cholangiogram is not inferior to dye cholangiogram for malignant hilar biliary obstruction: a randomized study of efficacy and safety.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Endoscopic biliary drainage is the palliative treatment of choice in patients with malignant hilar biliary obstruction. Contrast injection can lead to cholangitis, whereas air cholangiography may have a lesser incidence of cholangitis.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objective of the present study is to prospectively compare the efficacy and safety of air vs. dye cholangiogram in malignant hilar biliary obstruction.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with type II and III malignant hilar biliary stricture were included in a prospectively randomized manner at a tertiary care center. Unilateral self-expanding metal stent was placed in patients with a malignant hilar block using either air or dye as a contrast medium. Outcome measures were successful deployment, successful drainage, early complications, and procedure-related and 30-day mortality.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Forty-nine patients were randomized to air cholangiogram (25 patients, group A) or dye cholangiogram (24 patients, group B). Most of the patients had type II stricture (19 in group A and 20 in group B). Successful stenting and drainage were achieved in 25 (100 %) and 24 (96 %) in group A and 23 (95.8 %) and 22 (91.6 %) (p = ns), respectively. Cholangitis developed in 1 (4 %) and 4 (16.6 %) in group A and B, respectively (p < 0.05). There was no procedure-related or 30-day mortality.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Use of air cholangiography was as safe and as effective as dye cholangiography in patients with malignant hilar biliary obstruction, and it decreased the risk of post-ERCP cholangitis.
authors.affiliation: Medanta Institute of Digestive and Hepatobiliary Sciences, Medanta The Medicity, Sector 38, Gurgaon, Haryana, 122 001, India.
authors.forename: Randhir
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sud
authors.forename: Rajesh
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Puri
authors.forename: Narendra S
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Choudhary
authors.forename: Ashish
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mehta
authors.forename: Parvesh Kumar
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Jain
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000388:Air; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001661:Biliary Tract Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery*; D002760:Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D002761:Cholangitis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D002780:Cholestasis, Intrahepatic / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D004396:Coloring Agents; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004322:Drainage; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D015607:Stents; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D004396:Coloring Agents; D003287:Contrast Media