title: An evidence-informed review of the current myofascial pain literature--January 2015.
abstract: This article provides an up-to-date review of the most recent publications about myofascial pain, trigger points (TrPs) and other related topics. We have added some commentaries where indicated with supporting references. In the Basic Research section, we reviewed the work by Danish researchers about the influence of latent TrPs and a second study of the presence and distribution of both active and latent TrPs in whiplash-associated disorders. The section on Soft Tissue Approaches considered multiple studies and case reports of the efficacy of myofascial release (MFR), classic and deep muscle massage, fascial techniques, and connective tissue massage. Dry needling (DN) is becoming a common approach and we included multiple studies, reviews, and case reports, while the section on Injection Techniques features an article on TrP injections following mastectomy and several articles about the utilization of botulinum toxin. Lastly, we review several articles on modalities and other clinical approaches.
authors.affiliation: Bethesda Physiocare, Bethesda, MD, USA; Myopain Seminars, Bethesda, MD, USA; PhysioFitness, Rockville, MD, USA. Electronic address: dommerholt@myopainseminars.com.
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dommerholt
authors.affiliation: Department of Allied Health Professions, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of the West of England, Blackberry Hill, Bristol, United Kingdom. Electronic address: Rob.Grieve@uwe.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Rob
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Grieve
authors.affiliation: Bethesda Physiocare, Bethesda, MD, USA; Myopain Seminars, Bethesda, MD, USA. Electronic address: mbfpt77@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Michelle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Layton
authors.affiliation: Champion Sports Medicine in Birmingham, Alabama, USA. Electronic address: trhooks@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Todd
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hooks
mesh_terms: D015670:Acupuncture Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D004576:Electromyography; D006801:Humans; D008405:Massage / Q000379:methods; D009209:Myofascial Pain Syndromes / Q000628:therapy*; D059408:Pain Management / Q000379:methods*; D064746:Therapy, Soft Tissue / Q000379:methods*; D061028:Trigger Points
keywords: Dry needling; Manual therapy; Myofascial pain syndrome; Trigger points