title: Therapeutic plasma exchange may improve hemodynamics and organ failure among children with sepsis-induced multiple organ dysfunction syndrome receiving extracorporeal life support.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the effect of therapeutic plasma exchange on hemodynamics, organ failure, and survival in children with multiple organ dysfunction syndrome due to sepsis requiring extracorporeal life support.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective analysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  A PICU in an academic children's hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fourteen consecutive children with sepsis and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome who received therapeutic plasma exchange while on extracorporeal life support from 2005 to 2013.
  
  
  METHODS
  Median of three cycles of therapeutic plasma exchange with median of 1.0 times the estimated plasma volume per exchange.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Organ Failure Index and Vasoactive-Inotropic Score were measured before and after therapeutic plasma exchange use. PICU survival in our cohort was 71.4%. Organ Failure Index decreased in patients following therapeutic plasma exchange (mean ± SD: pre, 4.1 ± 0.7 vs post, 2.9 ± 0.9; p = 0.0004). Patients showed improved Vasoactive-Inotropic Score following therapeutic plasma exchange (median [25th-75th]: pre, 24.5 [13.0-69.8] vs post, 5.0 [1.5-7.0]; p = 0.0002). Among all patients, the change in Organ Failure Index was greater for early therapeutic plasma exchange use than late use (early, -1.7 ± 1.2 vs late, -0.9 ± 0.6; p = 0.14), similar to the change in Vasoactive-Inotropic Score (early, -67.5 [28.0-171.2] vs late, -12.0 [7.2-18.5]; p = 0.02). Among survivors, the change in Organ Failure Index was greater among early therapeutic plasma exchange use than late use (early, -2.3 ± 1.0 vs late, -0.8 ± 0.8; p = 0.03), as was the change in Vasoactive-Inotropic Score (early, -42.0 [16.0-76.3] vs late, -12.0 [5.3-29.0]; p = 0.17). The mean duration of extracorporeal life support after therapeutic plasma exchange according to timing of therapeutic plasma exchange was not statistically different among all patients or among survivors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of therapeutic plasma exchange in children on extracorporeal life support with sepsis-induced multiple organ dysfunction syndrome is associated with organ failure recovery and improved hemodynamic status. Initiating therapeutic plasma exchange early in the hospital course was associated with greater improvement in organ dysfunction and decreased requirement for vasoactive and/or inotropic agents.
authors.affiliation: 1Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI. 2Extracorporeal Life Support Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI. 3Divisions of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI. 4Apheresis Procedure Unit, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI.
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kawai
authors.forename: Timothy T
authors.initials: TT
authors.lastname: Cornell
authors.forename: Elaine G
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Cooley
authors.forename: Craig N
authors.initials: CN
authors.lastname: Beckman
authors.forename: Paula K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Baldridge
authors.forename: Theresa A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Mottes
authors.forename: Kera E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Luckritz
authors.forename: Kathryn S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Plomaritas
authors.forename: J Michael
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Meade
authors.forename: Folafoluwa O
authors.initials: FO
authors.lastname: Odetola
authors.forename: Yong Y
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Neal B
authors.initials: NB
authors.lastname: Blatt
authors.forename: Gail M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Annich
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007902:Length of Stay / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008021:Life Support Systems / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008297:Male; D009102:Multiple Organ Failure / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D010951:Plasma Exchange / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018805:Sepsis / Q000150:complications*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D015996:Survival Rate; D016896:Treatment Outcome