title: Neonatal sepsis and inflammatory mediators.
abstract: Neonatal sepsis is a major cause of morbidity and mortality and its signs and symptoms are nonspecific, which makes the diagnosis difficult. The routinely used laboratory tests are not effective methods of analysis, as they are extremely nonspecific and often cause inappropriate use of antibiotics. Sepsis is the result of an infection associated with a systemic inflammatory response with production and release of a wide range of inflammatory mediators. Cytokines are potent inflammatory mediators and their serum levels are increased during infections, so changes from other inflammatory effector molecules may occur. Although proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines have been identified as probable markers of neonatal infection, in order to characterize the inflammatory response during sepsis, it is necessary to analyze a panel of cytokines and not only the measurement of individual cytokines. Measurements of inflammatory mediators bring new options for diagnosing and following up neonatal sepsis, thus enabling early treatment and, as a result, increased neonatal survival. By taking into account the magnitude of neonatal sepsis, the aim of this review is to address the role of cytokines in the pathogenesis of neonatal sepsis and its value as a diagnostic criterion.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goias, 74605-050 Goiania, GO, Brazil ; Department of General Pathology, Institute of Biological and Natural Sciences, Federal University of Triangulo Mineiro, 74605-050 Uberaba, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Juliana Reis
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Machado
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, 14049-900 Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Danilo Figueiredo
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Soave
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Immunology, Institute of Biological and Natural Sciences, Federal University of Triangulo Mineiro, 38025-180 Uberaba, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marcos Vinícius
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: da Silva
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goias, 74605-050 Goiania, GO, Brazil.
authors.forename: Liliana Borges
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: de Menezes
authors.affiliation: Surgical Pathology Service, Clinical Hospital, Federal University of Triangulo Mineiro, 38025-180 Uberaba, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Renata Margarida
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Etchebehere
authors.affiliation: Department of General Pathology, Institute of Biological and Natural Sciences, Federal University of Triangulo Mineiro, 74605-050 Uberaba, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Maria Luiza Gonçalves dos Reis
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Monteiro
authors.affiliation: Department of General Pathology, Institute of Biological and Natural Sciences, Federal University of Triangulo Mineiro, 74605-050 Uberaba, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marlene Antônia
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: dos Reis
authors.affiliation: Department of General Pathology, Institute of Biological and Natural Sciences, Federal University of Triangulo Mineiro, 74605-050 Uberaba, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rosana Rosa Miranda
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Corrêa
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goias, 74605-050 Goiania, GO, Brazil ; Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, 14049-900 Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Mara Rúbia Nunes
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Celes
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007249:Inflammation / Q000503:physiopathology*; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000097:blood; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000097:blood; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000097:blood; D018805:Sepsis / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000097:blood; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; C508606:CXCL8 protein, human; D016207:Cytokines; C508609:IL10 protein, human; C508600:IL6 protein, human; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D015850:Interleukin-6; D016209:Interleukin-8; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D016753:Interleukin-10