title: Hollow fiber based liquid-liquid-liquid microextraction combined with sweeping micellar electrokinetic chromatography for the sensitive determination of second-generation antidepressants in human fluids.
abstract: An effective dual preconcentration method involving off-line hollow fiber liquid-liquid-liquid microextraction (HF-LLLME) and on-line sweeping micellar electrokinetic chromatography (sweeping-MEKC) was proposed for the determination of five second-generation antidepressants, including fluoxetine, sertraline, paroxetine, fluvoxamine and citalopram. In HF-LLLME, the analytes were extracted from the sample solution into phenetole impregnated in the pores of the hollow fiber and then back-extracted into 10 μL 0.1 mol L(-1) HAc inside the hollow fiber. Then, the acceptor phase was spiked with 2.8 μL isopropanol (IPA) and introduced into CE for sweeping. In the sweeping-MEKC process, five target analytes were separated in less than 15 min with a background electrolyte consisting of 76% (v/v) 50 mmol L(-1) citric acid (pH 2.2) containing 100 mmol L(-1) sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and 24% (v/v) IPA. The hydrodynamic injection was performed at 50 mbar for 140 s. Under optimized conditions, the limits of detection were in the range of 0.40-1.55 μg L(-1) with enrichment factors of 1897- to 5952-fold for target analytes, with a dynamic linear range of 0.6/5.0-200 μg L(-1). The developed method demonstrated excellent clean-up ability and high enrichment factors and was successfully applied to the analysis of target analytes in human urine and plasma samples.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China. binhu@whu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Xiaoqing
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Man
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Beibei
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hu
mesh_terms: D018687:Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation / Q000097:blood* / Q000652:urine*; D001826:Body Fluids / Q000737:chemistry*; D020374:Chromatography, Micellar Electrokinetic Capillary / Q000379:methods*; D005336:Fiber Optic Technology / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D059627:Liquid Phase Microextraction / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D018687:Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation