title: Exposure to Racial Discrimination and Ambulatory Blood Pressure in Women with Type 2 Diabetes.
abstract: Diabetes is the only disorder in which women's risk for heart disease exceeds men's. Elevated blood pressure (BP) increases cardiovascular risk in people with type 2 diabetes. Racial discrimination and neuroticism are both associated with BP levels but have not been examined in concert. This study investigated self-reported racial discrimination, neuroticism and ambulatory BP in women with type 2 diabetes. Thirty-nine Black and 38 White women completed a race-neutral version of the Schedule of Racist Events; BP was evaluated using ambulatory monitoring devices. Actigraphy and diaries were used to document times of sleep and wakefulness. Racial discrimination interacted with neuroticism to predict systolic and diastolic BP both while awake and during sleep, after adjustment for covariates. For each, the influence of racist events was stronger at lower levels of neuroticism. Racial discrimination is associated with higher levels of 24-h BP in diabetic women who are low in neuroticism. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
authors: Behavioral Sciences and Community Health, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA. juwagner@uchc.edu.
authors: Julie
authors: J
authors: Wagner
authors: Community Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA.
authors: Howard
authors: H
authors: Tennen
authors: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors: Patrick
authors: P
authors: Finan
authors: Medical Sciences, Quinnipiac University Frank H. Netter School of Medicine, Hamden, CT, USA.
authors: Richard
authors: R
authors: Feinn
authors: Center for Behavioral Cardiovascular Health, Columbia University Medical Center, New York City, NY, USA.
authors: Matthew M
authors: MM
authors: Burg
authors: Department of Psychology, Grinnell College, Grinnell, IA, USA.
authors: Asani
authors: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1439-8940
authors: A
authors: Seawell
authors: Calhoun Cardiology Center, Department of Medicine, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA.
authors: William B
authors: WB
authors: White
mesh_terms: D056044:Actigraphy; D000328:Adult; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology*; D018660:Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D000075384:Neuroticism; D063505:Racism / Q000523:psychology*
keywords: blood pressure; neuroticism; racial discrimination; type 2 diabetes; women