title: Human papillomavirus in the HIV-infected host: epidemiology and pathogenesis in the antiretroviral era.
abstract: Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is associated with essentially all cervical cancers, 80-90 % of anal cancers, and a high proportion of oropharyngeal, vaginal, penile, and vulvar cancers. Malignancy is preceded by the development of precancerous lesions termed high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL). Men and women with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection are at high risk of HPV-related malignancies. The incidence of anal cancer in particular has markedly risen during the antiretroviral era due to the increased longevity of patients with HIV and the absence of anal malignancy screening programs. HIV infection may facilitate initial HPV infection by disrupting epithelial cell tight junctions. Once infection is established, HIV may promote HSIL development via the up-regulation of HPV oncogene expression and impairment of the immune response needed to clear the lesion. HIV-infected women should be screened for cervical HSIL and cancer, and HIV-infected men and women should be considered for anal screening programs.
authors: University of California San Francisco, Box 0654 513, Parnassus Ave, Medical Science Room 420E, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA, Cristina.Brickman@ucsf.edu.
authors: Cristina
authors: C
authors: Brickman
authors: Joel M
authors: JM
authors: Palefsky
mesh_terms: D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001005:Anus Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology; D002278:Carcinoma in Situ / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology; D005260:Female; D006678:HIV / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D027383:Papillomaviridae / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology
chemical_list: D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents
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