title: Action and perception are temporally coupled by a common mechanism that leads to a timing misperception.
abstract: We move our eyes to explore the world, but visual areas determining where to look next (action) are different from those determining what we are seeing (perception). Whether, or how, action and perception are temporally coordinated is not known. The preparation time course of an action (e.g., a saccade) has been widely studied with the gap/overlap paradigm with temporal asynchronies (TA) between peripheral target onset and fixation point offset (gap, synchronous, or overlap). However, whether the subjects perceive the gap or overlap, and when they perceive it, has not been studied. We adapted the gap/overlap paradigm to study the temporal coupling of action and perception. Human subjects made saccades to targets with different TAs with respect to fixation point offset and reported whether they perceived the stimuli as separated by a gap or overlapped in time. Both saccadic and perceptual report reaction times changed in the same way as a function of TA. The TA dependencies of the time change for action and perception were very similar, suggesting a common neural substrate. Unexpectedly, in the perceptual task, subjects misperceived lights overlapping by less than ∼100 ms as separated in time (overlap seen as gap). We present an attention-perception model with a map of prominence in the superior colliculus that modulates the stimulus signal's effectiveness in the action and perception pathways. This common source of modulation determines how competition between stimuli is resolved, causes the TA dependence of action and perception to be the same, and causes the misperception.
authors: Laboratory of Sensorimotor Research, NEI, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892-4435, EVA-Laboratory, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy, elena.pretegiani@nih.gov.
authors: Elena
authors: E
authors: Pretegiani
authors: Alexandru Ioan Cuza University, Physics Faculty, 700506 Iasi, Romania, and.
authors: Corina
authors: C
authors: Astefanoaei
authors: Laboratory of Sensorimotor Research, NEI, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892-4435, Institut du cerveau et de la moelle épinière (ICM), INSERM UMRS 975, 75013 Paris, France.
authors: Pierre M
authors: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0586-396X
authors: PM
authors: Daye
authors: Laboratory of Sensorimotor Research, NEI, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892-4435.
authors: Edmond J
authors: EJ
authors: FitzGibbon
authors: Alexandru Ioan Cuza University, Physics Faculty, 700506 Iasi, Romania, and.
authors: Dorina-Emilia
authors: DE
authors: Creanga
authors: EVA-Laboratory, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy.
authors: Alessandra
authors: A
authors: Rufa
authors: Laboratory of Sensorimotor Research, NEI, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892-4435.
authors: Lance M
authors: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3640-0762
authors: LM
authors: Optican
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001288:Attention / Q000502:physiology*; D005133:Eye Movements / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008960:Models, Psychological; D010470:Perceptual Masking / Q000502:physiology; D010775:Photic Stimulation; D011594:Psychometrics; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000502:physiology*; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000502:physiology; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013998:Time Perception / Q000502:physiology*; D014794:Visual Fields / Q000502:physiology*
keywords: attention; gap effect; model; saccades; superior colliculus
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