title: Pharmacogenomics of response to anti-VEGF therapy in exudative age-related macular degeneration.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether there is an association between response to intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor agents and genotype in patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration.
  
  
  METHODS
  Analysis of the current literature evaluating pharmacogenetics of treatment response in patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Studies have demonstrated associations between various genotypes and response to intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor agents. Lower-risk genotypes of the CFH, ARMS2, HTRA1, and VEGF-A genes may be associated with improved visual outcomes. Additionally, frequency of injections may be associated with certain genotypes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Genetic background may influence an individual's response to treatment of neovascular age-related macular degeneration. Further studies to investigate biologic pathways of neovascular age-related macular degeneration and gene products that are directly involved might lead to better understanding of contribution of various genes to treatment response.
authors: *Department of Ophthalmology, Albany Medical Center, Lions Eye Institute, Albany, New York; †Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Massachusetts; ‡Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, Shiley Eye Center, Institute for Genomic Medicine, La Jolla, California; and §Department of Ophthalmology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.
authors: Vaidehi S
authors: VS
authors: Dedania
authors: Seanna
authors: S
authors: Grob
authors: Kang
authors: K
authors: Zhang
authors: Sophie J
authors: SJ
authors: Bakri
mesh_terms: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000068258:Bevacizumab; D017242:Complement Factor H / Q000235:genetics; D000074289:High-Temperature Requirement A Serine Peptidase 1; D006801:Humans; D058449:Intravitreal Injections; D010597:Pharmacogenetics; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D011506:Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D000069579:Ranibizumab; D012697:Serine Endopeptidases / Q000235:genetics; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000235:genetics; D057135:Wet Macular Degeneration / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: C514392:ARMS2 protein, human; D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; C493495:CFH protein, human; D011506:Proteins; C467484:VEGFA protein, human; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D000068258:Bevacizumab; D017242:Complement Factor H; D000074289:High-Temperature Requirement A Serine Peptidase 1; C474012:HTRA1 protein, human; D012697:Serine Endopeptidases; D000069579:Ranibizumab