title: A comparison between autograft alone, bone cement, and demineralized bone matrix in cranioplasty.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare bone autograft, bone cement, and demineralized bone matrix in functional and aesthetic outcomes and complications following cranioplasty for reconstruction of cranial defects.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective chart review.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective chart review was performed of patients who underwent cranioplasty at a single institution between 1992 and 2012. The patients were divided based on whether bone autograft, demineralized bone matrix, or bone cement was used for reconstruction of their craniofacial defect. Demographics and diagnosis data were collected. Complications and cosmetic outcomes were examined for each group.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no significant difference between groups regarding follow-up and age at time of surgery. The bone cement group had a higher infection rate. There was more dehiscence and scalp scarring in the autograft and bone cement groups. However, residual bone defects and the need for a revision cranioplasty were higher in the bone matrix group. Likewise, patient, parent, and surgeon satisfaction with the appearance was lower in the bone matrix group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There appears to be a trend toward a lower success rate in patients with fibroblast growth factor receptor-related craniosynostosis and in those reconstructed with bone matrix compared to bone autograft and bone cement.
  
  
  METHODS
  4.
authors: Department of Otolaryngology and Communication Sciences, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, U.S.A.
authors: Ann W
authors: AW
authors: Plum
authors: Department of Otolaryngology and Communication Sciences, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, U.S.A.
authors: Sherard A
authors: SA
authors: Tatum
mesh_terms: D064592:Autografts; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D001843:Bone Cements; D001857:Bone Matrix / Q000637:transplantation*; D016025:Bone Transplantation; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D019637:Orthopedic Procedures / Q000379:methods; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012886:Skull / Q000601:surgery*
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D001843:Bone Cements
keywords: autograft; bone cement; cranioplasty; demineralized bone matrix