title: Isolation, genetic characterization, and seroprevalence of Adana virus, a novel phlebovirus belonging to the Salehabad virus complex, in Turkey.
abstract: A new phlebovirus, Adana virus, was isolated from a pool of Phlebotomus spp. (Diptera; Psychodidae) in the province of Adana, in the Mediterranean region of Turkey. Genetic analysis based on complete coding of genomic sequences indicated that Adana virus belongs to the Salehabad virus species of the genus Phlebovirus in the family Bunyaviridae. Adana virus is the third virus of the Salehabad virus species for which the complete sequence has been determined. To understand the epidemiology of Adana virus, a seroprevalence study using microneutralization assay was performed to detect the presence of specific antibodies in human and domestic animal sera collected in Adana as well as Mersin province, located 147 km west of Adana. The results demonstrate that the virus is present in both provinces. High seroprevalence rates in goats, sheep, and dogs support intensive exposure to Adana virus in the region, which has not been previously reported for any virus included in the Salehabad serocomplex; however, low seroprevalence rates in humans suggest that Adana virus is not likely to constitute an important public health problem in exposed human populations, but this deserves further studies.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Until recently, in the genus Phlebovirus, the Salehabad virus species consisted of two viruses: Salehabad virus, isolated from sand flies in Iran, and Arbia virus, isolated from sand flies in Italy. Here we present the isolation and complete genome characterization of the Adana virus, which we propose to be included in the Salehabad virus species. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the isolation and complete genome characterization, from sand flies in Turkey, of a Salehabad virus-related phlebovirus with supporting seropositivity in the Mediterranean, Aegean, and Central Anatolia regions, where phleboviruses have been circulating and causing outbreaks. Salehabad species viruses have generally been considered to be a group of viruses with little medical or veterinary interest. This view deserves to be revisited according to our results, which indicate a high animal infection rate of Adana virus and recent evidence of human infection with Adria virus in Greece.
authors: Aix Marseille Université, IRD French Institute of Research for Development, EHESP French School of Public Health, EPV UMR_D 190 Emergence des Pathologies Virales, Marseille, France IHU Mediterranee Infection, APHM Public Hospitals of Marseille, Marseille, France.
authors: Cigdem
authors: C
authors: Alkan
authors: Aix Marseille Université, IRD French Institute of Research for Development, EHESP French School of Public Health, EPV UMR_D 190 Emergence des Pathologies Virales, Marseille, France.
authors: Sulaf
authors: S
authors: Alwassouf
authors: Aix Marseille Université, IRD French Institute of Research for Development, EHESP French School of Public Health, EPV UMR_D 190 Emergence des Pathologies Virales, Marseille, France IHU Mediterranee Infection, APHM Public Hospitals of Marseille, Marseille, France.
authors: Géraldine
authors: G
authors: Piorkowski
authors: Aix Marseille Université, IRD French Institute of Research for Development, EHESP French School of Public Health, EPV UMR_D 190 Emergence des Pathologies Virales, Marseille, France IHU Mediterranee Infection, APHM Public Hospitals of Marseille, Marseille, France Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
authors: Laurence
authors: L
authors: Bichaud
authors: Mersin University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Microbiology, Mersin, Turkey.
authors: Seda
authors: S
authors: Tezcan
authors: Mersin University, Advanced Technology Education, Research and Application Center, Mersin, Turkey.
authors: Ender
authors: E
authors: Dincer
authors: Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Microbiology, Virology Unit, Ankara, Turkey.
authors: Koray
authors: K
authors: Ergunay
authors: Ege University Medical School Department of Parasitology, Bornova, Smyrna, Turkey.
authors: Yusuf
authors: Y
authors: Ozbel
authors: Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Ecology Section, ESR Laboratories, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.
authors: Bulent
authors: B
authors: Alten
authors: Aix Marseille Université, IRD French Institute of Research for Development, EHESP French School of Public Health, EPV UMR_D 190 Emergence des Pathologies Virales, Marseille, France IHU Mediterranee Infection, APHM Public Hospitals of Marseille, Marseille, France.
authors: Xavier
authors: X
authors: de Lamballerie
authors: Aix Marseille Université, IRD French Institute of Research for Development, EHESP French School of Public Health, EPV UMR_D 190 Emergence des Pathologies Virales, Marseille, France IHU Mediterranee Infection, APHM Public Hospitals of Marseille, Marseille, France remi.charrel@univ-amu.fr.
authors: Rémi N
authors: RN
authors: Charrel
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D002044:Bunyaviridae Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000662:veterinary* / Q000821:virology; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D004285:Dogs / Q000821:virology*; D006041:Goats / Q000821:virology*; D006801:Humans; D007303:Insect Vectors / Q000821:virology; D008854:Microscopy, Electron / Q000662:veterinary; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009500:Neutralization Tests / Q000662:veterinary; D010691:Phlebotomus / Q000821:virology*; D016856:Phlebovirus / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000648:ultrastructure; D010802:Phylogeny; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA / Q000662:veterinary; D016036:Seroepidemiologic Studies; D012756:Sheep / Q000821:virology*; D014421:Turkey / Q000453:epidemiology
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