title: Carnosic acid.
abstract: Carnosic acid (salvin), which possesses antioxidative and antimicrobial properties, is increasingly exploited within the food, nutritional health and cosmetics industries. Since its first extraction from a Salvia species (∼70 years ago) and its identification (∼50 years ago), numerous articles and patents (∼400) have been published on specific food and medicinal applications of Rosmarinus and Salvia plant extracts abundant in carnosic acid. In contrast, relevant biochemical, physiological or molecular studies in planta have remained rare. In this overview, recent advances in understanding of carnosic acid distribution, biosynthesis, accumulation and role in planta, and its applications are summarised. We also discuss the deficiencies in our understanding of the relevant biochemical processes, and suggest the molecular targets of carnosic acid. Finally, future perspectives and studies related to its potential roles are highlighted.
authors: Naturex SA, Site d'Agroparc BP 1218, 84911 Avignon Cedex 9, France. Electronic address: s.birtic@naturex.com.
authors: Simona
authors: S
authors: Birtić
authors: Naturex SA, Site d'Agroparc BP 1218, 84911 Avignon Cedex 9, France.
authors: Pierre
authors: P
authors: Dussort
authors: Naturex SA, Site d'Agroparc BP 1218, 84911 Avignon Cedex 9, France.
authors: François-Xavier
authors: FX
authors: Pierre
authors: Naturex SA, Site d'Agroparc BP 1218, 84911 Avignon Cedex 9, France.
authors: Antoine C
authors: AC
authors: Bily
authors: Naturex SA, Site d'Agroparc BP 1218, 84911 Avignon Cedex 9, France.
authors: Marc
authors: M
authors: Roller
mesh_terms: D045784:Abietanes / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D015394:Molecular Structure; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry; D051381:Rats; D027542:Rosmarinus / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000145:classification; D027544:Salvia / Q000737:chemistry*; D012756:Sheep
chemical_list: D045784:Abietanes; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; C068623:carnosol; C018381:salvin
keywords: Antimicrobial; Antioxidant; Carnosic acid; Labiatae; Lamiaceae; Oxidation; Photooxidation; Photoprotection; Rosemary; Rosmarinus officinalis; Sage; Salvia