title: Circulating vitamin D levels are associated with the presence and severity of coronary artery disease but not peripheral arterial disease in patients undergoing coronary angiography.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the association between vitamin D levels, angiographic severity of coronary artery disease, arterial stiffness and degree of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) as assessed by ankle brachial index (ABI).
  
  
  RESULTS
  375 patients undergoing coronary angiography from November 2012 to September 2013 were recruited. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) levels were measured as were ABI and pulse wave velocity (PWV). Based on the findings of the coronary angiogram, patients were divided into subgroups: Absent, Single, Double and Triple Vessel Disease (as defined by >50% stenosis in each major coronary artery) 0.275 patients not taking vitamin D supplements were included in the analysis. Mean age was 66.0 ± 11.2 (mean ± SD) years. Levels of 25(OH)D were significantly lower in patients with CAD when compared to patients without CAD (57.0 ± 1.73 versus 70.1 ± 2.46 nmol/L; p < 0.01). One way ANOVA revealed triple vessel disease patients had significantly lower 25(OH)D levels when compared to single vessel disease patients (50.6 ± 2.84 nmol/L versus 61.3 ± 3.16 p < 0.01) and trended to be lower when compared to double vessel disease patients (50.6 ± 2.84 versus 59.0 ± 2.99 nmol/L; p = 0.07). Stepwise regression revealed that age, gender (male), hypertension, hyperlipidemia and 25(OH)D were significant predictors of CAD (p < 0.05). Vitamin D was the most significant predictor for CAD (p < 0.001) There was no correlation between 25(OH)D levels, ABI and PWV.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Among patients presenting for coronary angiography, low serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels are associated with the presence and extent of angiographic CAD but not arterial stiffness or PAD.
authors: Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Victoria, Australia.
authors: J Y
authors: JY
authors: Liew
authors: Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Victoria, Australia.
authors: S R
authors: SR
authors: Sasha
authors: Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
authors: P J
authors: PJ
authors: Ngu
authors: Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Victoria, Australia.
authors: J L
authors: JL
authors: Warren
authors: University of Melbourne, Department of Medicine and Bone & Mineral Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Victoria, Australia.
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Wark
authors: Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
authors: A M
authors: AM
authors: Dart
authors: Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. Electronic address: james.shaw@bakeridi.edu.
authors: J A
authors: JA
authors: Shaw
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D055109:Ankle Brachial Index; D015897:Comorbidity; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006949:Hyperlipidemias / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis; D006973:Hypertension / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D058729:Peripheral Arterial Disease / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D063177:Pulse Wave Analysis; D059289:Vascular Stiffness; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000097:blood*; D014808:Vitamin D Deficiency / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*
chemical_list: D014807:Vitamin D
keywords: Arterial stiffness; Atherosclerosis; Coronary angiography; Vitamin D