title: Oxidization of squalene, a human skin lipid: a new and reliable marker of environmental pollution studies.
abstract: A review of the oxidization of squalene, a specific human compound produced by the sebaceous gland, is proposed. Such chemical transformation induces important consequences at various levels. Squalene by-products, mostly under peroxidized forms, lead to comedogenesis, contribute to the development of inflammatory acne and possibly modify the skin relief (wrinkling). Experimental conditions of oxidation and/or photo-oxidation mechanisms are exposed, suggesting that they could possibly be bio-markers of atmospheric pollution upon skin. Ozone, long UVA rays, cigarette smoke… are shown powerful oxidizing agents of squalene. Some in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo testings are proposed as examples, aiming at studying ingredients or products capable of boosting or counteracting such chemical changes that, globally, bring adverse effects to various cutaneous compartments.
authors: L'Oreal Research & Innovation, 188 rue Paul Hochart BP 553, 94152, Chevilly Larue, France.
authors: D-M
authors: DM
authors: Pham
authors: L'Oreal Research & Innovation, 188 rue Paul Hochart BP 553, 94152, Chevilly Larue, France.
authors: B
authors: B
authors: Boussouira
authors: L'Oreal Research & Innovation, 25-29 Quai Aulagnier, 92665, Asnières-Sur-Seine, France.
authors: D
authors: D
authors: Moyal
authors: L'Oreal Research & Innovation, 188 rue Paul Hochart BP 553, 94152, Chevilly Larue, France.
authors: Q L
authors: QL
authors: Nguyen
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism*; D004787:Environmental Pollution; D006801:Humans; D050356:Lipid Metabolism; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D012867:Skin / Q000378:metabolism*; D013185:Squalene / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D013185:Squalene
keywords: atmospheric pollution; skin physiology/structure; squalene oxidization