title: [Continuous traction treatment for correction of inverted nipple with self-made adjustable tractor].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore the effectiveness of self-made adjustable tractor for correction of inverted nipple.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between March 2005 and March 2011, 37 female patients with inverted nipples (69 nipples) underwent continuous traction with self-made adjustable tractor for 2 to 4 months. The age ranged from 18 to 46 years (mean, 23 years). Of 37 cases, 5 had unilateral inverted nipple, and 32 had bilateral inverted nipples, including 8 cases (15 nipples) of mild inversion, 16 cases (30 nipples) of moderate inversion, and 13 cases (24 nipples) of severe inversion. The 2 cases (4 nipples) recurred after traditional surgical method, and 1 case (2 nipples) had infection because of severe inversion before traction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No infection or hemodynamic disorder occurred during traction. All cases were followed up 6-12 months (mean, 8.2 months). Wound healed after traction in 1 patient (2 nipples) with infection because of severe inversion; 2 recurrent cases (2 nipples) were cured after re-traction; wire dislocation occurred in 1 case (1 nipple), and was cured after changing traction position. The shape, sensation, and erectile function were normal after treatment with no scar.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Continuous traction with self-made adjustable tractor is a good method for all the types of inverted nipple. It is a simple, safe, effective, and minimally invasive method without scar.
authors: Ping
authors: P
authors: Zhang
authors: Wei
authors: W
authors: Li
authors: Ying
authors: Y
authors: Deng
mesh_terms: D001941:Breast Diseases / Q000151:congenital* / Q000601:surgery*; D002921:Cicatrix; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016462:Mammaplasty / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D009558:Nipples / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000601:surgery*; D012008:Recurrence; D012677:Sensation; D014143:Traction; D016896:Treatment Outcome