title: Determination and separation of bisphenol A, phthalate metabolites and structural isomers of parabens in human urine with conventional high-pressure liquid chromatography combined with electrospray ionisation tandem mass spectrometry.
abstract: Phthalates, bisphenol A (BPA) and parabens (PBs), organic chemicals widely used in everyday products, are considered to be endocrine disruptors. We propose a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method for the determination of seven phthalate metabolites, six PBs and BPA in human urine. All three categories of the above endocrine disruptors were simultaneously extracted from 1 mL of human urine using solid phase extraction. In addition, with a conventional reversed phase LC column, we achieved for the first time the separation of three pairs of structural isomers, namely iso-/n-butyl paraben, propyl paraben and monobutyl phthalate. LC-MS/MS was operated and tested in both electrospray ionisation (ESI) and atmospheric pressure chemical ionisation (APCI). ESI was selected for the analysis due to its superior stability and repeatability. The method limit of detection (mLOD), achieved for a single set of high-performance LC conditions, ranged from 0.01 to 0.84 ng/mL for phthalate metabolites, from 0.06 to 0.24 ng/mL for PBs and was 2.01 ng/mL for BPA. Derivatisation of BPA with dansyl chloride lowered its mLOD to 0.007 ng/mL. Blank contamination was non-detectable. The present method was successfully applied for the analysis of the above-mentioned compounds in 80 male human urine samples.
authors: Environmental Chemical Processes Laboratory (ECPL), Department of Chemistry, University of Crete-Voutes Campus, 71003, Heraklion, Greece.
authors: Antonis
authors: A
authors: Myridakis
authors: Eirini
authors: E
authors: Balaska
authors: Christina
authors: C
authors: Gkaitatzi
authors: Antonis
authors: A
authors: Kouvarakis
authors: Euripides G
authors: EG
authors: Stephanou
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000652:urine; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007536:Isomerism; D008297:Male; D010226:Parabens / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D010636:Phenols / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000652:urine; D010795:Phthalic Acids / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000652:urine; D052616:Solid Phase Extraction / Q000379:methods*; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization / Q000379:methods*; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds
chemical_list: D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds; D010226:Parabens; D010636:Phenols; D010795:Phthalic Acids; C032279:phthalic acid; C006780:bisphenol A; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds