title: Lamina cribrosa microarchitecture in normal monkey eyes part 1: methods and initial results.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To introduce quantitative postmortem lamina cribrosa (LC) microarchitecture (LMA) assessment and characterize beam diameter (BD), pore diameter (PD), and connective tissue volume fraction (CTVF) in 21 normal monkey eyes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Optic nerve heads (ONHs) underwent digital three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction and LC beam segmentation. Each beam and pore voxel was assigned a diameter based on the largest sphere that contained it before transformation to one of twelve 30° sectors in a common cylinder. Mean BD, PD, and CTVF within 12 central and 12 peripheral subsectors and within inner, middle, and outer LC depths were assessed for sector, subsector, and depth effects by analysis of variance using general estimating equations. Eye-specific LMA discordance (the pattern of lowest connective tissue density) was plotted for each parameter.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The ranges of mean BD, PD, and CTVF were 14.0 to 23.1 μm, 20.0 to 35.6 μm, and 0.247 to 0.638, respectively. Sector, subsector, and depth effects were significant (P < 0.01) for all parameters except subsector on CTVF. Beam diameter and CTVF were smaller and PD was larger within the superior-temporal (ST) and inferior-temporal (IT) sectors (P < 0.05). These differences were enhanced within the central versus peripheral subsectors. Beam diameter and CTVF were larger and PD was smaller (P < 0.05) within the middle LC layer. Lamina cribrosa microarchitecture discordance most commonly occurred within the ST and IT sectors, varied by eye, and generally diminished as CTVF increased.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data support previous characterizations of diminished connective tissue density within the ST and IT ONH regions. The clinical importance of eye-specific LMA discordance warrants further study.
authors: Optic Nerve Head Research Laboratory, Discoveries in Sight Research Laboratories, Devers Eye Institute, Legacy Health, Portland, Oregon, United States Discoveries in Sight Research Laboratories of the Devers Eye Institute, Legacy Health, Portland, Oregon, United States.
authors: Howard
authors: H
authors: Lockwood
authors: Optic Nerve Head Research Laboratory, Discoveries in Sight Research Laboratories, Devers Eye Institute, Legacy Health, Portland, Oregon, United States Discoveries in Sight Research Laboratories of the Devers Eye Institute, Legacy Health, Portland, Oregon, United States.
authors: Juan
authors: J
authors: Reynaud
authors: Discoveries in Sight Research Laboratories of the Devers Eye Institute, Legacy Health, Portland, Oregon, United States.
authors: Stuart
authors: S
authors: Gardiner
authors: Ocular Biomechanics Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, UPMC Eye Center, Ophthalmology and Visual Science Research Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States.
authors: Jonathan
authors: J
authors: Grimm
authors: Department of Ophthalmology, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama, United States.
authors: Vincent
authors: V
authors: Libertiaux
authors: Department of Ophthalmology, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama, United States.
authors: J Crawford
authors: JC
authors: Downs
authors: Optic Nerve Head Research Laboratory, Discoveries in Sight Research Laboratories, Devers Eye Institute, Legacy Health, Portland, Oregon, United States Discoveries in Sight Research Laboratories of the Devers Eye Institute, Legacy Health, Portland, Oregon, United States.
authors: Hongli
authors: H
authors: Yang
authors: Optic Nerve Head Research Laboratory, Discoveries in Sight Research Laboratories, Devers Eye Institute, Legacy Health, Portland, Oregon, United States Discoveries in Sight Research Laboratories of the Devers Eye Institute, Legacy Health, Portland, Oregon, United States.
authors: Claude F
authors: CF
authors: Burgoyne
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000882:Haplorhini; D007089:Image Enhancement; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D009412:Nerve Fibers / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D009898:Optic Disk / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D009900:Optic Nerve / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D012016:Reference Values; D012590:Sclera / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D014463:Ultrasonography
keywords: glaucoma; lamina cribrosa; optic nerve head
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