title: Comparative study of renal protective effects of allopurinol and N-acetyl-cysteine on contrast induced nephropathy in patients undergoing cardiac catheterization.
abstract: Objectives : To evaluate the difference in the renal protective effects of allopurinol and n-acetyl cysteine along with saline hydration in patients of contrast induced nephropathy (CIN) post cardiac interventions.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  CIN remains a common complication of cardiac procedures. Radio contrast agents can cause a reduction in renal function that may be related to oxidative stress underlining various patho- physiologies. Conflicting evidence suggests that administration of allopurinol, a xanthine oxidase inhibitor can prevent CIN.
  
  
  METHODS
  This is a study of 500 patients undergoing angiography and coronary revascularisation in patients showing significant coronary block. The angiography positive patients (275) were prospectively randomised to different treatment protocol to study for their reno-protective effect. The patients received either of the three drugs saline hydration (SH, 1ml/kg/hr), n-acetylcysteine (SH+NAC, 600 mg bd) or Allopurinol (SH+ALLP, 300 mg/day) 12 hours before and after administration of radio contrast agent. Levels of serum creatinine and blood urea of the 275 patients recorded at 24 hour interval were noted post angioplasty over a course of 5 days in patients receiving either omnipaque (125) or visipaque (150) contrast media. All the 500 patients were also assessed for development of any kind of adverse drug effects/reactions with the two contrast media.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CIN occurred in 56 of 500 the patients (10.6%) who underwent angiography and 49 of 275 patients (17.8%) who underwent angioplasty. In the omnipaque group CIN occurred in 16/40, 8/40, nil/45 in patients receiving SH, NAC plus SH and SH plus ALLP respectively. In the visipaque group CIN occurred in 15/50, 10/50, nil/50 in the three treatments groups respectively. Allopurinol maintained a consistent fall in the serum creatinine & blood urea levels from the baseline values from the end of the 1(st) day (p < .01 & .001) in both the category. Visipaque proved to be better dye than omnipaque with less adverse drug effects/ reactions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Prophylactic oral administration of allopurinol (300 mg/day) along with hydration is better than n-acetylcysteine and saline hydration alone for protection against CIN in patients undergoing coronary procedures.
authors: Assistant Professor, Department of Cardiology, GSL Medical College and Hospital , Rajahmundry, India .
authors: Ashutosh
authors: A
authors: Kumar
authors: Associate Professor, Department of Pharmacology, GSL Medical College & Hospital , Rajahmundry, India .
authors: Goru
authors: G
authors: Bhawani
authors: Assistant Professor, Department of Physiology, Sri Krishna Medical College , Muzzafarpur, India .
authors: Neera
authors: N
authors: Kumari
authors: Head of the Department, Department of Pharmacolgy, GSL Medical College & Hospital , Rajahmundry, India .
authors: Kasturi Sn
authors: KS
authors: Murthy
authors: Junior Resident, Department of Cardiology, GSL Medical College Rajahmundry, India .
authors: Vinod
authors: V
authors: Lalwani
authors: Junior Resident, Department of Cardiology, GSL Medical College Rajahmundry, India .
authors: Ch Narasimha
authors: ChN
authors: Raju
keywords: Allopurinol; Contrast nephropathy; Omnipaque; Percutaneous coronary interventions; Visipaque
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