title: Enhancing tumor-specific intracellular delivering efficiency of cell-penetrating peptide by fusion with a peptide targeting to EGFR.
abstract: Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) are well known as intracellular delivery vectors. However, unsatisfactory delivery efficiency and poor specificity are challenging barriers to CPP applications at the clinical trial stage. Here, we showed that S3, an EGFR-binding domain derived from vaccinia virus growth factor, when fused to a CPP such as HBD or TAT can substantially enhance its internalization efficiency and tumor selectivity. The uptake of S3-HBD (S3H) recombinant molecule by tumor cells was nearly 80 folds increased compared to HBD alone. By contrast, the uptake of S3H by non-neoplastic cells still remained at a low level. The specific recognition between S3 and its receptor, EGFR, as well as between HBD and heparan sulfate proteoglycans on the cell surface was essential for these improvements, suggesting a syngeneic effect between the two functional domains in conjugation. This syngeneic effect is likely similar to that of the heparin-binding epidermal growth factor, which is highly abundant particularly in metastatic tumors. The process that S3H entered cells was dependent on time, dosage, and energy, via macropinocytosis pathway. With excellent cell-penetrating efficacy and a novel tumor-targeting ability, S3H appears as a promising candidate vector for targeted anti-cancer drug delivery.
authors: State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Department of Applied Biology, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China.
authors: Long The
authors: LT
authors: Nguyen
authors: Xu-Zhong
authors: XZ
authors: Yang
authors: Xuan
authors: X
authors: Du
authors: Jia-Wei
authors: JW
authors: Wang
authors: Rui
authors: R
authors: Zhang
authors: Jian
authors: J
authors: Zhao
authors: Fu-Jun
authors: FJ
authors: Wang
authors: Yang
authors: Y
authors: Dong
authors: Peng-Fei
authors: PF
authors: Li
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D023181:Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D001798:Blood Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D057846:Cell-Penetrating Peptides / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems / Q000379:methods*; D066246:ErbB Receptors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015870:Gene Expression; D057809:HEK293 Cells; D019812:Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D058990:Molecular Targeted Therapy; D009928:Organ Specificity; D010455:Peptides / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D010873:Pinocytosis; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D013997:Time Factors; D014616:Vaccinia virus / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: C062991:AZU1 protein, human; D023181:Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides; D001798:Blood Proteins; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D057846:Cell-Penetrating Peptides; D019812:Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D010455:Peptides; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; C051087:vaccinia growth factor; C512478:EGFR protein, human; D066246:ErbB Receptors