title: Discovery of a polyomavirus in European badgers (Meles meles) and the evolution of host range in the family Polyomaviridae.
abstract: Polyomaviruses infect a diverse range of mammalian and avian hosts, and are associated with a variety of symptoms. However, it is unknown whether the viruses are found in all mammalian families and the evolutionary history of the polyomaviruses is still unclear. Here, we report the discovery of a novel polyomavirus in the European badger (Meles meles), which to our knowledge represents the first polyomavirus to be characterized in the family Mustelidae, and within a European carnivoran. Although the virus was discovered serendipitously in the supernatant of a cell culture inoculated with badger material, we subsequently confirmed its presence in wild badgers. The European badger polyomavirus was tentatively named Meles meles polyomavirus 1 (MmelPyV1). The genome is 5187 bp long and encodes proteins typical of polyomaviruses. Phylogenetic analyses including all known polyomavirus genomes consistently group MmelPyV1 with California sea lion polyomavirus 1 across all regions of the genome. Further evolutionary analyses revealed phylogenetic discordance amongst polyomavirus genome regions, possibly arising from evolutionary rate heterogeneity, and a complex association between polyomavirus phylogeny and host taxonomic groups.
authors: Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, UK.
authors: Sarah C
authors: SC
authors: Hill
authors: School of Biomedical and Healthcare Sciences, Plymouth University, UK.
authors: Aisling A
authors: AA
authors: Murphy
authors: Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, UK.
authors: Matthew
authors: M
authors: Cotten
authors: Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, UK.
authors: Anne L
authors: AL
authors: Palser
authors: School of Biomedical and Healthcare Sciences, Plymouth University, UK.
authors: Phillip
authors: P
authors: Benson
authors: Bacteriology Department, Animal and Plant Health Agency, UK.
authors: Sandrine
authors: S
authors: Lesellier
authors: School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin (UCD), Ireland.
authors: Eamonn
authors: E
authors: Gormley
authors: ANSES, Nancy Laboratory for Rabies and Wildlife, France.
authors: Céline
authors: C
authors: Richomme
authors: Department of Virology, Animal and Plant Health Agency, UK.
authors: Sylvia
authors: S
authors: Grierson
authors: School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin (UCD), Ireland.
authors: Deirdre Ni
authors: DN
authors: Bhuachalla
authors: School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Surrey, UK.|Bacteriology Department, Animal and Plant Health Agency, UK.
authors: Mark
authors: M
authors: Chambers
authors: MRC/UCL Centre for Medical Molecular Virology, University College London, UK.|Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, UK.
authors: Paul
authors: P
authors: Kellam
authors: University Paris-Est, ANSES, Laboratory for Animal Health, Bovine Tuberculosis National Reference Laboratory, France.
authors: María-Laura
authors: ML
authors: Boschiroli
authors: Robert Koch Institute, Division 12 'Measles, Mumps, Rubella and Viruses Affecting Immunocompromised Patients', Germany.
authors: Bernhard
authors: B
authors: Ehlers
authors: School of Biomedical and Healthcare Sciences, Plymouth University, UK.
authors: Michael A
authors: MA
authors: Jarvis
authors: Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, UK.
authors: Oliver G
authors: OG
authors: Pybus
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics; D005060:Europe; D016679:Genome, Viral; D058507:Host Specificity; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D045969:Mustelidae / Q000821:virology*; D010802:Phylogeny; D011120:Polyomavirus / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000502:physiology*; D027601:Polyomavirus Infections / Q000662:veterinary* / Q000821:virology; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D017385:Sequence Homology; D014412:Tumor Virus Infections / Q000662:veterinary* / Q000821:virology
chemical_list: D004279:DNA, Viral
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