title: Effects of the contraceptive skin patch and subdermal contraceptive implant on markers of endothelial cell activation and inflammation.
abstract: Changes in blood coagulation factors may partially explain the association between hormonal contraceptives and thrombosis. Therefore, the likely effects of the contraceptive skin patch and subdermal contraceptive implant on levels of inflammatory markers and endothelial activation were analyzed. This was an observational, prospective, longitudinal, nonrandomized study composed of 80 women between 18 and 35 years of age who made the decision to use the contraceptive skin patch or subdermal contraceptive implant. vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), endothelial cell leukocyte adhesion molecule-1 (ELAM-1), von Willebrand factor (VWF), and plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1(PAI-1) as well as high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) were assayed before and after 4 months of use of the contraceptive method. VCAM-1, VWF, and PAI-1 remained unchanged in the contraceptive skin patch group; however, a significant increase in hsCRP (0.29-0.50 mg/dL; P =.012) and a significant decrease in ELAM-1 (44-25 ng/mL; P =.022) were observed. A significant diminution in VCAM-1 (463-362 ng/mL; P =.022) was also found in the subdermal contraceptive implant group. Our results strongly suggest that these contraceptive methods do not induce endothelial activation after 4 months of use. Increase in hsCRP levels was unrelated to changes in markers of endothelial activation.
authors: Unidad de Investigacion Medica en Trombosis, Hemostasia y Aterogenesis, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico.
authors: Jesus
authors: J
authors: Hernandez-Juarez
authors: Unidad de Investigacion Medica en Trombosis, Hemostasia y Aterogenesis, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico.
authors: Juan Carlos
authors: JC
authors: Sanchez-Serrano
authors: Unidad de Investigacion Medica en Trombosis, Hemostasia y Aterogenesis, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico.
authors: Manuel
authors: M
authors: Moreno-Hernandez
authors: Unidad de Investigacion Medica en Trombosis, Hemostasia y Aterogenesis, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico.
authors: Jose Antonio
authors: JA
authors: Alvarado-Moreno
authors: Unidad de Investigacion Medica en Trombosis, Hemostasia y Aterogenesis, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico.
authors: Jose Rubicel
authors: JR
authors: Hernandez-Lopez
authors: Unidad de Investigacion Medica en Trombosis, Hemostasia y Aterogenesis, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico.
authors: Irma
authors: I
authors: Isordia-Salas
authors: Unidad de Investigacion Medica en Trombosis, Hemostasia y Aterogenesis, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico.
authors: Abraham
authors: A
authors: Majluf-Cruz
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism*; D003271:Contraceptive Agents, Female / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004343:Drug Implants; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000378:metabolism; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D011446:Prospective Studies; D057968:Transdermal Patch; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D003271:Contraceptive Agents, Female; D004343:Drug Implants; D002097:C-Reactive Protein
keywords: contraceptive skin patch; endothelial dysfunction; inflammation; subdermal contraceptive implant