title: First genomic insights into members of a candidate bacterial phylum responsible for wastewater bulking.
abstract: Filamentous cells belonging to the candidate bacterial phylum KSB3 were previously identified as the causative agent of fatal filament overgrowth (bulking) in a high-rate industrial anaerobic wastewater treatment bioreactor. Here, we obtained near complete genomes from two KSB3 populations in the bioreactor, including the dominant bulking filament, using differential coverage binning of metagenomic data. Fluorescence in situ hybridization with 16S rRNA-targeted probes specific for the two populations confirmed that both are filamentous organisms. Genome-based metabolic reconstruction and microscopic observation of the KSB3 filaments in the presence of sugar gradients indicate that both filament types are Gram-negative, strictly anaerobic fermenters capable of non-flagellar based gliding motility, and have a strikingly large number of sensory and response regulator genes. We propose that the KSB3 filaments are highly sensitive to their surroundings and that cellular processes, including those causing bulking, are controlled by external stimuli. The obtained genomes lay the foundation for a more detailed understanding of environmental cues used by KSB3 filaments, which may lead to more robust treatment options to prevent bulking.
authors: Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) , Tsukuba, Ibaraki , Japan.
authors: Yuji
authors: Y
authors: Sekiguchi
authors: Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) , Tsukuba, Ibaraki , Japan.
authors: Akiko
authors: A
authors: Ohashi
authors: Australian Centre for Ecogenomics, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland , St. Lucia, Queensland , Australia.
authors: Donovan H
authors: DH
authors: Parks
authors: Administrative Management Department, Kubota Kasui Corporation , Minato-ku, Tokyo , Japan.
authors: Toshihiro
authors: T
authors: Yamauchi
authors: Australian Centre for Ecogenomics, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland , St. Lucia, Queensland , Australia ; Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland , St. Lucia, Queensland , Australia.
authors: Gene W
authors: GW
authors: Tyson
authors: Australian Centre for Ecogenomics, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland , St. Lucia, Queensland , Australia ; Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland , St. Lucia, Queensland , Australia.
authors: Philip
authors: P
authors: Hugenholtz
keywords: Anaerobic biotechnology; Candidate phylum; Filamentous bulking; KSB3 phylum; Metagenomics; Wastewater treatment
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