title: Dietary patterns are associated with prevalence of fatty liver disease in adults.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Previous studies have indicated that higher levels of food consumption are associated with fatty liver disease (FLD), but few studies have investigated the relationship between this disease and different dietary patterns. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to examine the association between dietary patterns and FLD in adults.
  
  
  METHODS
  Dietary intakes of participants in the Tianjin were assessed via questionnaire. Factor analysis was used to identify dietary patterns, and FLD was defined as having a FLD diagnosis using liver ultrasonography. Relationships between dietary patterns and FLD were assessed using multiple logistic regression analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Female participants in the highest quartile of high-carbohydrate/sweet pattern scores had a 2.19-fold greater risk (95% confidence interval (CI), 1.40-3.46) of developing non-alcoholic FLD (NAFLD) than those in the lowest quartile after adjusting for confounding factors. No significant differences were found between any dietary pattern and NAFLD in males. In males, a significantly increasing trend of alcoholic FLD (AFLD) prevalence was associated with increasing high-protein/cholesterol pattern scores (P for trend = 0.03; odds ratio (OR), 2.08; 95% CI, 1.15-3.81) while an increased high-carbohydrate/sweet pattern score appeared protective against AFLD (P for trend = 0.02; OR, 0.55; 95% CI, 0.29-1.00).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study demonstrates that high-protein/cholesterol pattern scores are associated with higher prevalence of AFLD in males. We also show high-carbohydrate/sweet pattern scores are associated with higher prevalence of NAFLD in females; but, interestingly, this pattern shows a favorable effect on AFLD in males.
authors: Health Management Centre, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.
authors: Q
authors: Q
authors: Jia
authors: Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
authors: Y
authors: Y
authors: Xia
authors: Health Management Centre, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.
authors: Q
authors: Q
authors: Zhang
authors: Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Wu
authors: Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Du
authors: Health Management Centre, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.
authors: L
authors: L
authors: Liu
authors: Health Management Centre, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Wang
authors: Health Management Centre, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Shi
authors: Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
authors: X
authors: X
authors: Guo
authors: Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
authors: X
authors: X
authors: Liu
authors: Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Li
authors: Health Management Centre, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Sun
authors: Health Management Centre, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.
authors: X
authors: X
authors: Wang
authors: Health Management Centre, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Zhao
authors: Health Management Centre, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Song
authors: Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Huang
authors: Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
authors: Y
authors: Y
authors: Wu
authors: Department of Surgery, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin, China.
authors: N
authors: N
authors: Cui
authors: 1] Health Management Centre, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China [2] Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Niu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004032:Diet / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004034:Diet Surveys / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis*; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis*; D004435:Eating; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005234:Fatty Liver / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D015995:Prevalence; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012737:Sex Factors
chemical_list: D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D004044:Dietary Proteins
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