title: Ultrastructural and physiological responses of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) plantlets to gradient saline stress.
abstract: Salinity is one of the major abiotic stresses that impacts plant growth and reduces the productivity of field crops. Compared to field plants, test tube plantlets offer a direct and fast approach to investigate the mechanism of salt tolerance. Here we examined the ultrastructural and physiological responses of potato (Solanum tuberosum L. c.v. "Longshu No. 3") plantlets to gradient saline stress (0, 25, 50, 100, and 200 mM NaCl) with two consequent observations (2 and 6 weeks, respectively). The results showed that, with the increase of external NaCl concentration and the duration of treatments, (1) the number of chloroplasts and cell intercellular spaces markedly decreased, (2) cell walls were thickened and even ruptured, (3) mesophyll cells and chloroplasts were gradually damaged to a complete disorganization containing more starch, (4) leaf Na and Cl contents increased while leaf K content decreased, (5) leaf proline content and the activities of catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) increased significantly, and (6) leaf malondialdehyde (MDA) content increased significantly and stomatal area and chlorophyll content decline were also detected. Severe salt stress (200 mM NaCl) inhibited plantlet growth. These results indicated that potato plantlets adapt to salt stress to some extent through accumulating osmoprotectants, such as proline, increasing the activities of antioxidant enzymes, such as CAT and SOD. The outcomes of this study provide ultrastructural and physiological insights into characterizing potential damages induced by salt stress for selecting salt-tolerant potato cultivars.
authors: Gansu Key Laboratories of Crop Genetic and Germplasm Enhancement and Aridland Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University Lanzhou, China.
authors: Hui-Juan
authors: HJ
authors: Gao
authors: Gansu Key Laboratories of Crop Genetic and Germplasm Enhancement and Aridland Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University Lanzhou, China.
authors: Hong-Yu
authors: HY
authors: Yang
authors: Gansu Key Laboratories of Crop Genetic and Germplasm Enhancement and Aridland Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University Lanzhou, China.
authors: Jiang-Ping
authors: JP
authors: Bai
authors: Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University Nanjing, China.
authors: Xin-Yue
authors: XY
authors: Liang
authors: Gansu Key Laboratories of Crop Genetic and Germplasm Enhancement and Aridland Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University Lanzhou, China.
authors: Yan
authors: Y
authors: Lou
authors: Gansu Key Laboratories of Crop Genetic and Germplasm Enhancement and Aridland Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University Lanzhou, China.
authors: Jun-Lian
authors: JL
authors: Zhang
authors: Gansu Key Laboratories of Crop Genetic and Germplasm Enhancement and Aridland Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University Lanzhou, China.
authors: Di
authors: D
authors: Wang
authors: State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University Lanzhou, China.
authors: Jin-Lin
authors: JL
authors: Zhang
authors: State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University Lanzhou, China.
authors: Shu-Qi
authors: SQ
authors: Niu
authors: Plant Nutrition and Soil Science and UWA Institute of Agriculture, School of Earth and Environment, The University of Western Australia Perth, WA, Australia ; State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Education, Northwest A&F University Yangling, China.
authors: Ying-Long
authors: YL
authors: Chen
keywords: antioxidant defense system; ion distribution; potato plantlets; saline stress; ultrastructure
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