title: The beta-cell in type 1 diabetes: What have we learned from proteomic studies?
abstract: Pancreatic beta-cells have a crucial role in the regulation of blood glucose homeostasis by the production and secretion of insulin. In type 1 diabetes (T1D), an autoimmune reaction against the beta-cells together with the presence of inflammatory cytokines and ROS in the islets leads to beta-cell dysfunction and death. This review gives an overview of proteomic studies that lead to better understanding of beta-cell functioning in T1D. Protein profiling of isolated islets and beta-cell lines in health and T1D contributed to the unraveling of pathways involved in cytokine-induced cell death. In addition, by studying the serological proteome of T1D patients, new biomarkers and beta-cell autoantigens were discovered, which may improve screening tests and follow-up of T1D development. Interestingly, an important role for PTMs was demonstrated in the generation of beta-cell autoantigens. To conclude, proteomic techniques are of indispensable value to improve the knowledge on beta-cell function in T1D and the search toward therapeutic targets.
authors: Laboratory for Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
authors: Inne
authors: I
authors: Crèvecoeur
authors: Laboratory for Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
authors: Dieter
authors: D
authors: Rondas
authors: Laboratory for Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
authors: Chantal
authors: C
authors: Mathieu
authors: Laboratory for Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
authors: Lut
authors: L
authors: Overbergh
mesh_terms: D001324:Autoantigens / Q000378:metabolism; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D007107:Immune System / Q000473:pathology; D050417:Insulin-Secreting Cells / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D040901:Proteomics
chemical_list: D001324:Autoantigens; D015415:Biomarkers
keywords: Autoantigen; Beta-cell; Biomarker; Posttranslational modification; Type 1 diabetes