title: Role of soluble vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling and other factors or cytokines in central retinal vein occlusion with macular edema.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The association between aqueous humor levels of various growth/inflammatory factors or cytokines and the severity of macular edema was investigated in patients with central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO).
  
  
  METHODS
  Aqueous humor levels of 11 factors or cytokines were measured in CRVO patients with macular edema (n = 38) and in cataract patients (n = 15) as controls. Aqueous humor samples were obtained from the patients during surgery and the levels of VEGF, its receptors, and other factors or cytokines were measured by the suspension array method. The severity of macular edema was determined by measuring the central macular thickness, neurosensory retinal thickness, and subfoveal serous retinal thickness with optical coherence tomography.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Aqueous humor levels of growth factors, soluble VEGF receptor 1 (sVEGFR-1), sVEGFR-2, and inflammatory factors or cytokines were significantly higher in the CRVO group than in the control group. The aqueous level of sVEGFR-1 was significantly correlated with the neurosensory retinal thickness, as well as with the levels of growth factors (VEGF, placental growth factor, and platelet-derived growth factor-AA) and inflammatory factors/cytokines (monocyte chemotactic protein-1, interleukin-6, and interleukin-8). Aqueous humor levels of the three growth factors also were significantly correlated with each other, as were levels of the two sVEGFRs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest that growth/inflammatory factors and cytokines have an important role in macular edema associated with CRVO. Better understanding of the mechanisms involved may lead to development of new treatments, such as anti-VEGFR-1 therapy.
authors: Department of Ophthalmology, Hachioji Medical Center, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors: Hidetaka
authors: H
authors: Noma
authors: Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Center East, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors: Tatsuya
authors: T
authors: Mimura
authors: Department of Ophthalmology, Hachioji Medical Center, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors: Kanako
authors: K
authors: Yasuda
authors: Department of Ophthalmology, Hachioji Medical Center, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors: Masahiko
authors: M
authors: Shimura
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001082:Aqueous Humor / Q000378:metabolism*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D018450:Disease Progression; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008269:Macular Edema / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D011379:Prognosis; D040262:Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor / Q000378:metabolism*; D012170:Retinal Vein Occlusion / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D015398:Signal Transduction; D041623:Tomography, Optical Coherence
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D016207:Cytokines; D040262:Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor
keywords: central retinal vein occlusion; growth factor; inflammatory factor; macular edema; soluble vascular endothelial growth factor receptor