title: Alterations in Cholinergic Pathways and Therapeutic Strategies Targeting Cholinergic System after Traumatic Brain Injury.
abstract: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) results in varying degrees of disability in a significant number of persons annually. The mechanisms of cognitive dysfunction after TBI have been explored in both animal models and human clinical studies for decades. Dopaminergic, serotonergic, and noradrenergic dysfunction has been described in many previous reports. In addition, cholinergic dysfunction has also been a familiar topic among TBI researchers for many years. Although pharmacological agents that modulate cholinergic neurotransmission have been used with varying degrees of success in previous studies, improving their function and maximizing cognitive recovery is an ongoing process. In this article, we review the previous findings on the biological mechanism of cholinergic dysfunction after TBI. In addition, we describe studies that use both older agents and newly developed agents as candidates for targeting cholinergic neurotransmission in future studies.
authors: 1 Brain Trauma Research Center, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.|2 Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.|3 Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
authors: Samuel S
authors: SS
authors: Shin
authors: 1 Brain Trauma Research Center, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.|2 Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.|3 Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.|4 Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare System , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
authors: C Edward
authors: CE
authors: Dixon
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001342:Autonomic Nervous System Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology*; D018678:Cholinergic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D010275:Parasympathetic Nervous System / Q000293:injuries / Q000473:pathology*; D009435:Synaptic Transmission
chemical_list: D018678:Cholinergic Agents
keywords: acetylcholine; cholinergic; nicotinic; traumatic brain injury
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