title: Dietary management of IBD--insights and advice.
abstract: The current general interest in the use of food choice or diet in maintaining good health and in preventing and treating disease also applies to patients with IBD, who often follow poor or nutritionally challenging dietary plans. Unfortunately, dietary advice plays only a minor part in published guidelines for management of IBD, which sends a message that diet is not of great importance. However, a considerable evidence base supports a focused and serious attention to nutrition and diet in patients with IBD. In this Review, a step-wise approach in the evaluation and management of these patients is proposed. First, dietary intake and eating habits as well as current nutritional state should be documented, and corrective measures instituted. Secondly, dietary strategies as primary or adjunctive therapy for the reduction of inflammation and/or prevention of relapse of IBD should be seriously contemplated. Thirdly, use of diet to improve symptoms or lessen the effects of complications should be considered. Finally, dietary advice regarding disease prevention should be discussed when relevant. An increasing need exists for applying improved methodologies into establishing the value of current and new ways of using food choice as a therapeutic and preventive tool in IBD.
authors: Department of Gastroenterology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Level 6 The Alfred Centre, 99 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia.
authors: Emma P
authors: EP
authors: Halmos
authors: Department of Gastroenterology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Level 6 The Alfred Centre, 99 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia.
authors: Peter R
authors: PR
authors: Gibson
mesh_terms: D004032:Diet / Q000009:adverse effects; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D006801:Humans; D015212:Inflammatory Bowel Diseases / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D018977:Micronutrients / Q000172:deficiency; D015596:Nutrition Assessment; D009752:Nutritional Status; D057170:Translational Research, Biomedical / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D018977:Micronutrients
references: J Gastroenterol. 2010;45(1):24-9
references: 19798465
references: Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2014 Jun;20(6):1120-8
references: 24739632
references: Acta Paediatr. 2004 Mar;93(3):327-35
references: 15124834
references: J Am Coll Surg. 2013 May;216(5):986-96
references: 23523148
references: Clin Transl Allergy. 2013 Aug 15;3(1):26
references: 23947721
references: Am J Gastroenterol. 2010 Oct;105(10):2195-201
references: 20461067
references: J Gastroenterol. 2010 Oct;45(10):1008-13
references: 20414788
references: Proc Nutr Soc. 2002 Feb;61(1):123-30
references: 12002786
references: Obes Facts. 2008;1(6):319-24
references: 20054195
references: Lancet. 1993 Nov 6;342(8880):1131-4
references: 7901473
references: Br Med J (Clin Res Ed). 1987 Aug 29;295(6597):517-20
references: 2822203
references: Med Hypotheses. 2009 Jul;73(1):94-6
references: 19269107
references: J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2014 Oct;59(4):516-21
references: 24897165
references: Am J Gastroenterol. 2011 Apr;106(4):563-73
references: 21468064
references: J Crohns Colitis. 2009 Feb;3(1):8-14
references: 21172242
references: Obes Facts. 2009;2(6):370-2
references: 20090388
references: Eur J Intern Med. 2011 Feb;22(1):13-5
references: 21238886
references: J Crohns Colitis. 2014 Feb;8(2):137-46
references: 23938210
references: J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2000 Jul;31(1):8-15
references: 10896064
references: Int J Clin Pract. 2013 Sep;67(9):895-903
references: 23701141
references: Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2010 Apr;31(8):874-82
references: 20102355
references: Gut. 1996 Apr;38(4):543-8
references: 8707085
references: Dig Dis. 2014;32(4):389-94
references: 24969285
references: J Hum Nutr Diet. 2014 Jun;27(3):207-18
references: 24313460
references: Annu Rev Nutr. 1994;14:495-533
references: 7946531
references: Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2008 Apr 1;27(7):531-41
references: 18194497
references: J Nutr Health Aging. 2006 Nov-Dec;10(6):466-85; discussion 485-7
references: 17183419
references: Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2011 Jan;17(1):336-45
references: 20564531
references: JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 1995 Mar-Apr;19(2):95-9
references: 7609287
references: Dig Dis Sci. 2008 Jan;53(1):262-70
references: 17530399
references: Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2005 Jun 15;21(12):1399-409
references: 15948806
references: Dtsch Med Wochenschr. 1982 Jan 15;107(2):71-3
references: 7056154
references: Am J Gastroenterol. 2009 Sep;104(9):2241-9
references: 19550417
references: Br J Nutr. 2014 Nov 28;112(10):1628-35
references: 25247445
references: Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2010 Aug;32(3):377-83
references: 20491740
references: Gut. 2003 Dec;52 Suppl 7:vii1-vii12
references: 14612488
references: World J Gastroenterol. 2010 May 28;16(20):2484-95
references: 20503448
references: Eur J Clin Nutr. 1991 Jan;45(1):43-9
references: 1855499
references: Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2006 Nov 1;24(9):1333-40
references: 17059514
references: Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2013 Nov;19(12):2634-43
references: 24105392
references: Prev Med. 2003 Apr;36(4):420-8
references: 12649050
references: J Crohns Colitis. 2012 May;6(4):405-11
references: 22398085
references: Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2011 Oct;17(10):2109-15
references: 21910172
references: Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2004 Jul 15;20(2):167-72
references: 15233696
references: J Am Coll Nutr. 2009 Feb;28 Suppl 1:82S-90S
references: 19571166
references: J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2010 Feb;25(2):325-33
references: 20074146
references: Am J Gastroenterol. 2013 May;108(5):748-58
references: 23609614
references: Gut. 2014 Sep;63(9):1424-30
references: 24146170
references: Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2014 Aug;26(8):910-7
references: 24942954
references: Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2014 Mar;20(3):576-86
references: 24445775
references: JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2016 Mar;40(3):405-11
references: 25189173
references: Scand J Gastroenterol. 2001 Apr;36(4):383-8
references: 11336163
references: Annu Rev Biochem. 1987;56:289-315
references: 3304136
references: JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2007 Jul-Aug;31(4):311-9
references: 17595441
references: Gut. 2014 May;63(5):776-84
references: 23828881
references: Nutr J. 2005 Feb 10;4:7
references: 15705205
references: Digestion. 2010;81(4):252-64
references: 20130407
references: J Hum Nutr Diet. 2011 Oct;24(5):487-95
references: 21615553
references: Lancet. 2003 Dec 13;362(9400):2012-5
references: 14683664
references: Scott Med J. 2010 Aug;55(3):22-5
references: 20795513
references: Gastroenterology. 2013 Aug;145(2):320-8.e1-3
references: 23648697
references: Nutrition. 1999 Jun;15(6):458-64
references: 10378201
references: J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2009 Oct;24 Suppl 3:S63-8
references: 19799701
references: J Oral Pathol Med. 2013 Aug;42(7):517-22
references: 23297760
references: Br Med J. 1978 Jun 10;1(6126):1524-5
references: 26448
references: Digestion. 1989;44(4):217-21
references: 2561106
references: Digestion. 2013;88(1):26-32
references: 23816835
references: Dig Dis Sci. 1987 Dec;32(12 Suppl):100S-107S
references: 3121268
references: ISRN Endocrinol. 2012;2012:103472
references: 22462011
references: Gut. 2011 Jul;60(7):923-9
references: 21262918
references: Int J Colorectal Dis. 2013 Mar;28(3):335-40
references: 23014978
references: Br J Nutr. 2008 Jun;99 Suppl 3:S14-23
references: 18598584
references: Gut. 1988 Oct;29(10):1309-15
references: 3143625
references: Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2006 Jan;12(1):38-46
references: 16374257
references: Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2011 Oct;17(10):2162-8
references: 21910178
references: Br Med J. 1965 Jul 17;2(5454):138-41
references: 14304053
references: J Dig Dis. 2009 Feb;10(1):1-6
references: 19236540
references: Am J Clin Nutr. 2004 Nov;80(5):1342-52
references: 15531685
references: Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2013 Jan;19(1):66-72
references: 22467242
references: Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2012 Aug;18(8):1550-7
references: 22407798
references: Clin Biochem Rev. 2003 May;24(2):47-66
references: 18568054
references: Lancet. 1990 Nov 3;336(8723):1096-7
references: 1977982
references: Gastroenterol Nurs. 2007 May-Jun;30(3):202-10
references: 17568259
references: Food Funct. 2012 Nov;3(11):1109-17
references: 22833299
references: Gastroenterology. 2012 Mar;142(3):482-9
references: 22155183
references: Gut. 2015 Apr;64(4):562-70
references: 25037189
references: Am J Gastroenterol. 2013 May;108(5):718-27
references: 23545709
references: Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2007 Sep 15;26(6):795-806
references: 17767463
references: Gastroenterology. 2014 Jan;146(1):67-75.e5
references: 24076059
references: Am J Gastroenterol. 2002 Feb;97(2):389-96
references: 11866278
references: Gastroenterol Nurs. 2014 May-Jun;37(3):206-16
references: 24871666
references: Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2011 Jun;5(3):411-25
references: 21651358
references: J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2012 Aug;27(8):1266-80
references: 22497584
references: JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2011 Sep;35(5):571-80
references: 21825089
references: Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2013 Mar;19(3):542-7
references: 23429446
references: Digestion. 2008;77(1):57-64
references: 18349539
references: Am J Clin Nutr. 1996 May;63(5):741-5
references: 8615358
references: Am J Gastroenterol. 2013 Apr;108(4):575-82
references: 23318483
references: Dig Dis Sci. 2013 May;58(5):1329-34
references: 22926500
references: J Am Diet Assoc. 2000 Jan;100(1):88-94
references: 10646010
references: Nutr Hosp. 2003 Mar-Apr;18(2):57-64
references: 12723376
references: Dig Dis. 2012;30 Suppl 3:73-80
references: 23295695
references: Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2014 Oct;12(10):1592-600
references: 24107394
references: BJU Int. 2003 May;91(8):758-67
references: 12709088
references: Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2007 Jan 1;25(1):67-72
references: 17229221
references: J Crohns Colitis. 2013 Aug;7(7):e241-8
references: 23040290
references: JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 1987 Jan-Feb;11(1):8-13
references: 3820522
references: Gut. 1993 Sep;34(9):1198-202
references: 8406153
references: J Hum Nutr Diet. 2013 Dec;26(6):527-37
references: 23574355
references: Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. 2002 Dec;31(4):979-99
references: 12474641
references: Clin Nurse Spec. 2007 May-Jun;21(3):152-60
references: 17495550
references: Dig Dis Sci. 2006 Aug;51(8):1434-8
references: 16868820
references: Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2014 Jan;26(1):11-8
references: 24216567
references: Nutr J. 2014 Jan 16;13:5
references: 24428901
references: Acta Paediatr. 2013 Jun;102(6):e273-8
references: 23445275
references: Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2007 Dec;13(12):1522-8
references: 17828776
references: Nutrition. 2008 Jul-Aug;24(7-8):694-702
references: 18499398
references: World J Gastroenterol. 2013 Nov 21;19(43):7652-60
references: 24282355
references: Dis Colon Rectum. 2011 Dec;54(12):1488-95
references: 22067176
references: Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2014 May;20(5):861-71
references: 24651582
references: Clin Nutr. 2008 Feb;27(1):87-94
references: 18206273
references: Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2007 Jun;1107:329-45
references: 17804561
references: J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2014 Jan;58(1):87-91
references: 24048168
references: Dis Colon Rectum. 2006 Oct;49(10 Suppl):S68-74
references: 17106818
references: Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2013 Aug;38(3):213-25
references: 23763279
references: JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 1985 May-Jun;9(3):280-7
references: 3925172
references: Gastroenterology. 1980 Dec;79(6):1199-204
references: 6777233
references: Nutr Clin Pract. 2010 Dec;25(6):613-20
references: 21139125
references: Ital J Gastroenterol. 1992 Sep;24(7):386-8
references: 1392019
references: Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2012 Aug;36(4):324-44
references: 22686333
references: Gut. 2009 Dec;58(12):1606-11
references: 19628674
references: Clin Nutr. 2004 Oct;23(5):1226-43
references: 15380917
references: Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2014 Jul;20(7):1194-7
references: 24865778
references: J Gastroenterol. 2000;35(2):99-104
references: 10680664
references: J Med Invest. 2014;61(3-4):361-8
references: 25264055
references: JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2015 Jan;39(1):104-13
references: 23976774
references: Obesity (Silver Spring). 2013 Oct;21(10):2063-71
references: 23512818
references: Gastroenterol Res Pract. 2013;2013:482108
references: 24382954
references: J Crohns Colitis. 2013 May;7(4):338-41
references: 23360575
references: Lancet. 1998 May 23;351(9115):1555
references: 10326542
references: Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2013 Nov;38(10):1172-87
references: 24118051
references: Dig Dis. 2015;33(2):269-76
references: 25925934
references: J Crohns Colitis. 2014 Jul;8(7):626-34
references: 24332699
references: Gut. 2004 Oct;53(10):1479-84
references: 15361498
references: Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2005 Mar;17(3):377-84
references: 15716665
references: Scand J Gastroenterol. 1997 Oct;32(10):1013-21
references: 9361174
references: Gut. 1985 Oct;26(10):989-93
references: 2996991
references: Dig Dis Sci. 2011 Mar;56(3):830-6
references: 21222159
references: Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2007 Jan 24;(1):CD000542
references: 17253452
references: J Pediatr. 2009 Sep;155(3):421-6
references: 19464699
references: Gastroenterology. 1988 Mar;94(3):603-10
references: 3123302
references: Gastroenterology. 2013 Nov;145(5):970-7
references: 23912083
references: Scand J Gastroenterol. 2012 Dec;47(12):1454-9
references: 23016828
references: Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2001 Feb;13(2):101-6
references: 11246607
references: J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2006 Oct;21(10):1609-14
references: 16928225
references: Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2013 Mar;19(3):650-61
references: 23328774
references: J Nutr Health Aging. 2014 Apr;18(4):359-64
references: 24676315