title: Pesticides residue in drinking groundwater resources of rural areas in the northwest of iran.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The majority of rural population in Iran depends on groundwater resources for drinking purposes. In recent years, pesticide contamination of limited water resources has become a serious challenge worldwide. This study quantified the pesticides residue in rural groundwater resources in the northwest of Iran.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 78 groundwater samples were collected in June and Sep-tember 2011 from all 39 drinking water wells. Liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) followed by Gas Chroma9tography/Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS) was used to determine the selected pesticides.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Detection frequencies of profenofos, malathion, diazinon, endosulfan, trifluralin, deltamethrin, methyl parathion, and fenitrothion were determined with the concentrations exceeded 0.1 μg/L in 2.6, 17.9, 15.4, 10.3, 2.6, 2.6, 7.7, and 44.9% of the samples, respectively. Total pesticides residue was also ob-served in 26.9% of the samples with concentrations exceeded 0.5 μg/L. Among them, profenofos, malathion and diazinon were detected as the most frequently observed pesticides with the maximum concentrations of 0.542, 0.456 and 0.614 μg/L, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Higher pesticides residue than European Economic Commission (EEC) guidelines occurred in a number of monitored resources.
authors: Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
authors: Mohammad
authors: M
authors: Shakerkhatibi
authors: Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
authors: Mohammad
authors: M
authors: Mosaferi
authors: Department of Statistics and Epidemiology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
authors: Mohammad
authors: M
authors: Asghari Jafarabadi
authors: Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
authors: Ehtesham
authors: E
authors: Lotfi
authors: Faculty of Geography and Planning, Tabriz University, Tabriz, Iran.
authors: Mehdi
authors: M
authors: Belvasi
keywords: Endosulfan; Groundwater; Iran; Pesticides; Rural areas
references: Water Res. 2003 Mar;37(5):1055-63
references: 12553980
references: J Chromatogr Sci. 2008 Aug;46(7):585-90
references: 18718132
references: Environ Int. 2005 Jan;31(1):113-20
references: 15607785
references: Environ Pollut. 2006 Jun;141(3):555-70
references: 16226830
references: Bull Environ Contam Toxicol. 2012 Jun;88(6):867-9
references: 22349309
references: Sci Total Environ. 2013 May 1;452-453:28-39
references: 23500396
references: Sci Total Environ. 2012 Jan 1;414:433-44
references: 22088422
references: Environ Pollut. 2004 Dec;132(3):541-52
references: 15325470
references: Environ Monit Assess. 2012 Jan;184(1):103-12
references: 21409364
references: Sci Total Environ. 2004 Apr 5;321(1-3):147-64
references: 15050392
references: Ann Ist Super Sanita. 2010;46(3):309-16
references: 20847467
references: Jundishapur J Nat Pharm Prod. 2013 Winter;8(1):41-6
references: 24624185
references: Environ Int. 2004 Jun;30(4):471-9
references: 15031006