title: Procyanidins-crosslinked aortic elastin scaffolds with distinctive anti-calcification and biological properties.
abstract: Elastin, a main component of decellularized extracellular matrices and elastin-containing materials, has been used for tissue engineering applications due to their excellent biocompatibility. However, elastin is easily calcified, leading to the decrease of life span for elastin-based substitutes. How to inhibit the calcification of elastin-based scaffolds, but maintain their good biocompatibility, still remains significantly challenging. Procyanidins (PC) are a type of natural polyphenols with crosslinking ability. To investigate whether pure elastin could be crosslinked by PC with anti-calcification effect, PC was first used to crosslink aortic elastin. Results show that PC can crosslink elastin and effectively inhibit elastin-initiated calcification. Further experiments reveal the possible mechanisms for the anti-calcification of PC crosslinking including (1) inhibiting inflammation cell attachment, and secretion of inflammatory factors such as MMPs and TNF-α, (2) preventing elastin degradation by elastase, and (3) direct inhibition of mineral nucleation in elastin. Moreover, the PC-crosslinked aortic elastin maintains natural structure with high pore volume (1111 μL/g), large pore size (10-300 μm) and high porosity (75.1%) which facilitates recellularization of scaffolds in vivo, and displays excellent hemocompatibility, anti-thrombus and anti-inflammatory potential. The advantages of PC-crosslinked porous aortic elastin suggested that it can serve as a promising scaffold for tissue engineering.
authors: Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China; School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China.
authors: Xiaoya
authors: X
authors: Wang
authors: Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China. Electronic address: zhaiwy@mail.sic.ac.cn.
authors: Wanyin
authors: W
authors: Zhai
authors: Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China.
authors: Chengtie
authors: C
authors: Wu
authors: Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China.
authors: Bing
authors: B
authors: Ma
authors: Shanghai (Red Cross) Blood Center, Shanghai Institute of Blood Transfusion, Shanghai 200051, China.
authors: Jiamin
authors: J
authors: Zhang
authors: School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China.
authors: Hongfeng
authors: H
authors: Zhang
authors: Shanghai (Red Cross) Blood Center, Shanghai Institute of Blood Transfusion, Shanghai 200051, China.
authors: Ziyan
authors: Z
authors: Zhu
authors: Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China. Electronic address: jchang@mail.sic.ac.cn.
authors: Jiang
authors: J
authors: Chang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001011:Aorta / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D044946:Biflavonoids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001777:Blood Coagulation / Q000187:drug effects; D002113:Calcification, Physiologic / Q000187:drug effects*; D002392:Catechin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects; D002460:Cell Line; D003432:Cross-Linking Reagents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004549:Elastin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005976:Glutaral / Q000494:pharmacology; D006351:Heart Valves / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000648:ultrastructure; D006461:Hemolysis / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008264:Macrophages / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D053508:Matrix Metalloproteinase 12 / Q000378:metabolism; D008903:Minerals / Q000378:metabolism; D010196:Pancreatic Elastase / Q000378:metabolism; D010973:Platelet Adhesiveness / Q000187:drug effects; D016062:Porosity; D044945:Proanthocyanidins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D059748:Proteolysis / Q000187:drug effects; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013194:Staining and Labeling; D034421:Sus scrofa; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D044946:Biflavonoids; D003432:Cross-Linking Reagents; D008903:Minerals; D044945:Proanthocyanidins; C017674:procyanidin; D002392:Catechin; D004549:Elastin; D010196:Pancreatic Elastase; D053508:Matrix Metalloproteinase 12; D005976:Glutaral
keywords: Calcification; Crosslinking; Elastin; Procyanidins; Tissue engineering scaffold