title: Hybrid scaffolds based on PLGA and silk for bone tissue engineering.
abstract: Porous silk scaffolds, which are considered to be natural polymers, cannot be used alone because they have a long degradation rate, which makes it difficult for them to be replaced by the surrounding tissue. Scaffolds composed of synthetic polymers, such as PLGA, have a short degradation rate, lack hydrophilicity and their release of toxic by-products makes them difficult to use. The present investigations aimed to study hybrid scaffolds fabricated from PLGA, silk and hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (Hap NPs) for optimized bone tissue engineering. The results from variable-pressure field emission scanning electron microscopy (VP-FE-SEM), equipped with EDS, confirmed that the fabricated scaffolds had a porous architecture, and the location of each component present in the scaffolds was examined. Contact angle measurements confirmed that the introduction of silk and HAp NPs helped to change the hydrophobic nature of PLGA to hydrophilic, which is the main constraint for PLGA used as a biomaterial. Thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA) and FT-IR spectroscopy confirmed thermal decomposition and different vibrations caused in functional groups of compounds used to fabricate the scaffolds, which reflected improvement in their mechanical properties. After culturing osteoblasts for 1, 7 and 14 days in the presence of scaffolds, their viability was checked by MTT assay. The fluorescent microscopy results revealed that the introduction of silk and HAp NPs had a favourable impact on the infiltration of osteoblasts. In vivo experiments were conducted by implanting scaffolds in rat calvariae for 4 weeks. Histological examinations and micro-CT scans from these experiments revealed beneficial attributes offered by silk fibroin and HAp NPs to PLGA-based scaffolds for bone induction.
authors: Nano-Bio Regenerative Medical Institute, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea.
authors: Faheem A
authors: FA
authors: Sheikh
authors: Nano-Bio Regenerative Medical Institute, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea.
authors: Hyung Woo
authors: HW
authors: Ju
authors: Nano-Bio Regenerative Medical Institute, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea.
authors: Bo Mi
authors: BM
authors: Moon
authors: Nano-Bio Regenerative Medical Institute, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea.
authors: Ok Joo
authors: OJ
authors: Lee
authors: Nano-Bio Regenerative Medical Institute, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea.
authors: Jung-Ho
authors: JH
authors: Kim
authors: Nano-Bio Regenerative Medical Institute, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea.
authors: Hyun Jung
authors: HJ
authors: Park
authors: Nano-Bio Regenerative Medical Institute, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea.
authors: Dong Wook
authors: DW
authors: Kim
authors: Nano-Bio Regenerative Medical Institute, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea.|Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea.
authors: Dong-Kyu
authors: DK
authors: Kim
authors: Polymer Fusion Research Centre, Chonbuk National University, Dukjin, Jeonju, South Korea.
authors: Ji Eun
authors: JE
authors: Jang
authors: Polymer Fusion Research Centre, Chonbuk National University, Dukjin, Jeonju, South Korea.
authors: Gilson
authors: G
authors: Khang
authors: Nano-Bio Regenerative Medical Institute, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea.|Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea.
authors: Chan Hum
authors: CH
authors: Park
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D017886:Durapatite / Q000737:chemistry; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000187:drug effects; D011100:Polyglycolic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000077182:Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer; D011312:Pressure; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D047011:Silk / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012886:Skull / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D013818:Thermogravimetry; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods*; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D047011:Silk; D000077182:Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer; D011100:Polyglycolic Acid; D019344:Lactic Acid; D017886:Durapatite
keywords: PLGA; cell viability; hard tissue; hydrophilic; osteoblasts; silk