title: Biomarkers associated with obstructive sleep apnea: A scoping review.
abstract: The overall validity of biomarkers in the diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) remains unclear. We conducted a scoping review to provide assessments of biomarkers characteristics in the context of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and to identify gaps in the literature. A scoping review of studies in humans without age restriction that evaluated the potential diagnostic value of biological markers (blood, exhaled breath condensate, salivary, and urinary) in the OSA diagnosis was undertaken. Retained articles were those focused on the identification of biomarkers in subjects with OSA, the latter being confirmed with a full overnight or home-based polysomnography (PSG). Search strategies for six different databases were developed. The methodology of selected studies was classified using an adaptation of the evidence quality criteria from the American Academy of Pediatrics. Additionally the biomarkers were classified according to their potential clinical application. We identified 572 relevant studies, of which 117 met the inclusion criteria. Eighty-two studies were conducted in adults, 34 studies involved children, and one study had a sample composed of both adults and children. Most of the studies evaluated blood biomarkers. Potential diagnostic biomarkers were found in nine pediatric studies and in 58 adults studies. Only nine studies reported sensitivity and specificity, which varied substantially from 43% to 100%, and from 45% to 100%, respectively. Studies in adults have focused on the investigation of IL-6, TNF-α and hsCRP. There was no specific biomarker that was tested by a majority of authors in pediatric studies, and combinatorial urine biomarker approaches have shown preliminary promising results. In adults IL-6 and IL-10 seem to have a favorable potential to become a good biomarker to identify OSA.
authors: Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, SC, Brazil; School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Canada.
authors: Graziela De Luca
authors: Gde L
authors: Canto
authors: School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Canada.
authors: Camila
authors: C
authors: Pachêco-Pereira
authors: GATA Haydarpasa Teaching Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey; Department of Pediatrics, Pritzker School of Medicine, Biological Sciences Division, The University of Chicago, USA.
authors: Secil
authors: S
authors: Aydinoz
authors: School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Canada.
authors: Paul W
authors: PW
authors: Major
authors: School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Canada.
authors: Carlos
authors: C
authors: Flores-Mir
authors: Department of Pediatrics, Pritzker School of Medicine, Biological Sciences Division, The University of Chicago, USA; Comer Children's Hospital, USA. Electronic address: dgozal@uchicago.edu.
authors: David
authors: D
authors: Gozal
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D002648:Child; D006801:Humans; D017286:Polysomnography; D020181:Sleep Apnea, Obstructive / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000652:urine
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers
keywords: Biomarker; Diagnoses; Sleep apnea
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