title: Recent advances in nanotechnology for diabetes treatment.
abstract: Nanotechnology in diabetes research has facilitated the development of novel glucose measurement and insulin delivery modalities which hold the potential to dramatically improve quality of life for diabetics. Recent progress in the field of diabetes research at its interface with nanotechnology is our focus. In particular, we examine glucose sensors with nanoscale components including metal nanoparticles and carbon nanostructures. The addition of nanoscale components commonly increases glucose sensor sensitivity, temporal response, and can lead to sensors which facilitate continuous in vivo glucose monitoring. Additionally, we survey nanoscale approaches to 'closed-loop' insulin delivery strategies which automatically release insulin in response to fluctuating blood glucose levels (BGLs). 'Closing the loop' between BGL measurements and insulin administration by removing the requirement of patient action holds the potential to dramatically improve the health and quality of life of diabetics. Advantages and limitations of current strategies, as well as future opportunities and challenges are also discussed.
authors: Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.
authors: Rocco Michael
authors: RM
authors: DiSanto
authors: Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.
authors: Vinayak
authors: V
authors: Subramanian
authors: Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.|Molecular Pharmaceutics Division, Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
authors: Zhen
authors: Z
authors: Gu
mesh_terms: D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000628:therapy*; D055664:Electrochemical Techniques; D005947:Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D007332:Insulin Infusion Systems; D036103:Nanotechnology / Q000639:trends*
chemical_list: D007328:Insulin; D005947:Glucose
references: Biosens Bioelectron. 2013 Sep 15;47:12-25
references: 23542065
references: ACS Nano. 2011 May 24;5(5):3516-22
references: 21504167
references: Diabetes Care. 1999 Apr;22 Suppl 3:C14-20
references: 10189558
references: Science. 2012 May 4;336(6081):604-8
references: 22556257
references: Chem Commun (Camb). 2011 Sep 7;47(33):9459-61
references: 21779606
references: Drugs. 1987 Sep;34(3):350-71
references: 3315622
references: Adv Mater. 2010 Jan 26;22(4):441-67
references: 20217734
references: Nat Mater. 2005 Jan;4(1):86-92
references: 15592477
references: Small. 2012 Nov 19;8(22):3510-6
references: 22915545
references: Biosens Bioelectron. 2010 Jan 15;25(5):1070-4
references: 19883999
references: Chem Soc Rev. 2014 May 21;43(10):3595-629
references: 24626293
references: Chem Soc Rev. 2011 Feb;40(2):696-753
references: 21229132
references: Chem Rev. 2011 Dec 14;111(12):7855-75
references: 21902252
references: Adv Mater. 2010 May 18;22(19):2206-10
references: 20564257
references: Biosens Bioelectron. 2006 Mar 15;21(9):1760-9
references: 16219457
references: Nat Rev Immunol. 2009 Jul;9(7):465-79
references: 19521399
references: ACS Nano. 2013 Aug 27;7(8):6758-66
references: 23834678
references: ACS Nano. 2013 Apr 23;7(4):3540-6
references: 23472636
references: J Diabetes Sci Technol. 2012 Jul;6(4):892-901
references: 22920816
references: Small. 2006 Oct;2(10):1144-7
references: 17193579
references: J Am Chem Soc. 2012 Mar 7;134(9):4030-3
references: 22339262
references: ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2013 Oct 23;5(20):9964-74
references: 24063764
references: Diabetes Metab Res Rev. 2008 Nov-Dec;24(8):604-10
references: 18802934
references: N Engl J Med. 1993 Sep 30;329(14):977-86
references: 8366922
references: Biomaterials. 2013 Jul;34(23):5792-801
references: 23660251
references: Adv Healthc Mater. 2014 Jun;3(6):811-6
references: 24255016
references: Langmuir. 2011 Oct 18;27(20):12693-701
references: 21892832
references: Nano Lett. 2008 Jul;8(7):1940-8
references: 18547122
references: Nano Lett. 2014 Jun 11;14(6):3587-93
references: 24844116
references: Adv Funct Mater. 2012 Aug 21;22(16):3389-3398
references: 23538331
references: ACS Nano. 2012 Jan 24;6(1):819-30
references: 22133474
references: Diabetes Care. 2004 Jan;27 Suppl 1:S5-S10
references: 14693921
references: Small. 2009 Mar;5(6):676-80
references: 19226598
references: J Diabetes Sci Technol. 2012;6(6):1276-85
references: 23294772
references: Biosens Bioelectron. 2010 Dec 15;26(4):1650-5
references: 20832277
references: Biosens Bioelectron. 2006 Aug 15;22(2):275-84
references: 16488598
references: Angew Chem Int Ed Engl. 2013 May 17;52(21):5580-4
references: 23589488
references: ACS Nano. 2012 Apr 24;6(4):3206-13
references: 22435881
references: ACS Nano. 2009 Apr 28;3(4):924-32
references: 19323485
references: Biomacromolecules. 2012 Jun 11;13(6):1837-44
references: 22537190
references: Mol Pharm. 2013 Oct 7;10(10):3531-43
references: 23915375
references: Anal Chem. 2006 Oct 15;78(20):7211-5
references: 17037923
references: Biomaterials. 2008 Apr;29(10):1345-55
references: 18191192
references: Langmuir. 2009 Nov 3;25(21):12522-8
references: 19810675
references: J Control Release. 2008 Nov 24;132(1):2-11
references: 18782593
references: Nat Biotechnol. 2008 Nov;26(11):1261-8
references: 18997767
references: Langmuir. 2014 Apr 29;30(16):4540-4
references: 24773560
references: Adv Healthc Mater. 2012 May;1(3):267-84
references: 23184741
references: Chem Rev. 2004 Mar;104(3):1255-82
references: 15008623
references: Biomacromolecules. 2014 Oct 13;15(10):3495-502
references: 25268758
references: Chem Commun (Camb). 2012 Oct 4;48(76):9522-4
references: 22903226
references: ACS Nano. 2013 May 28;7(5):4194-201
references: 23638642
references: J Am Chem Soc. 2009 Jun 24;131(24):8398-400
references: 19476380
references: Adv Mater. 2014 Aug 6;26(29):4954-60
references: 24719293
references: Biosens Bioelectron. 2010 Oct 15;26(2):542-8
references: 20810272
references: Biosens Bioelectron. 2009 May 15;24(9):2898-903
references: 19321335
references: Angew Chem Int Ed Engl. 2011 Feb 18;50(8):1828-31
references: 21328649
references: J Am Chem Soc. 2011 May 11;133(18):7054-64
references: 21491937