title: Paediatric European Network for Treatment of AIDS (PENTA) guidelines for treatment of paediatric HIV-1 infection 2015: optimizing health in preparation for adult life.
abstract: The 2015 Paediatric European Network for Treatment of AIDS (PENTA) guidelines provide practical recommendations on the management of HIV-1 infection in children in Europe and are an update to those published in 2009. Aims of treatment have progressed significantly over the last decade, moving far beyond limitation of short-term morbidity and mortality to optimizing health status for adult life and minimizing the impact of chronic HIV infection on immune system development and health in general. Additionally, there is a greater need for increased awareness and minimization of long-term drug toxicity. The main updates to the previous guidelines include: an increase in the number of indications for antiretroviral therapy (ART) at all ages (higher CD4 thresholds for consideration of ART initiation and additional clinical indications), revised guidance on first- and second-line ART recommendations, including more recently available drug classes, expanded guidance on management of coinfections (including tuberculosis, hepatitis B and hepatitis C) and additional emphasis on the needs of adolescents as they approach transition to adult services. There is a new section on the current ART 'pipeline' of drug development, a comprehensive summary table of currently recommended ART with dosing recommendations. Differences between PENTA and current US and World Health Organization guidelines are highlighted and explained.
authors: Department of Paediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Great Ormond Street Hospital NHS Trust, London, UK.
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Bamford
authors: Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Unit, London, UK.
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Turkova
authors: Department of Paediatric Infectious Diseases, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK.
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Lyall
authors: Department of Paediatric Infectious Diseases, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK.
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Foster
authors: Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK.
authors: N
authors: N
authors: Klein
authors: Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegan, The Netherlands.
authors: D
authors: D
authors: Bastiaans
authors: Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegan, The Netherlands.
authors: D
authors: D
authors: Burger
authors: University Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy.
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Bernadi
authors: Our Lady's Children's Hospital Crumlin & University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Butler
authors: Meyer University Hospital, Florence University, Florence, Italy.
authors: E
authors: E
authors: Chiappini
authors: HIV i-Base, London, UK.
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Clayden
authors: Emilio Ribas Institute of Infectious Diseases, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Della Negra
authors: Paediatric Infectious Disease Unit, Luigi Sacco Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
authors: V
authors: V
authors: Giacomet
authors: Department of Paediatrics, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Giaquinto
authors: Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Unit, London, UK.
authors: D
authors: D
authors: Gibb
authors: Department of Health Sciences, Pediatric Unit, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
authors: L
authors: L
authors: Galli
authors: Department of Pediatrics, CHU Saint-Pierre, Free University of Brussels, Brussels, Belgium.
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Hainaut
authors: Portsmouth Hospitals NHS Trust, Portsmouth, UK.
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Koros
authors: Paediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunodeficiencies Unit, Pediatric Department, Porto Central Hospital, Porto, Portugal.
authors: L
authors: L
authors: Marques
authors: Department of Clinical Microbiology and Virology, University College London Hospitals, London, UK.
authors: E
authors: E
authors: Nastouli
authors: Centre for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, HELIOS Hospital Krefeld, Krefeld, Germany.
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Niehues
authors: Infectious Diseases Unit, Pediatrics Department, Sant Joan de Déu Hospital, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Noguera-Julian
authors: 12th of October Hospital, Madrid, Spain.
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Rojo
authors: University Children's Hospital, Basel, Switzerland.
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Rudin
authors: Department of Paediatric Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Emma Children's Hospital Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors: H J
authors: HJ
authors: Scherpbier
authors: Imperial College, London, UK.
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Tudor-Williams
authors: Heartlands Hospital, Birmingham, UK.
authors: S B
authors: SB
authors: Welch
mesh_terms: D017088:AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections / Q000188:drug therapy; D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy*; D000293:Adolescent; D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D060085:Coinfection / Q000188:drug therapy; D005060:Europe; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male
chemical_list: D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents
keywords: HIV-1; antiretroviral therapy; child
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