title: Sex-dependent expression of water channel AQP1 along the rat nephron.
abstract: In the mammalian kidney, nonglycosylated and glycosylated forms of aquaporin protein 1 (AQP1) coexist in the luminal and basolateral plasma membranes of proximal tubule and descending thin limb. Factors that influence AQP1 expression in (patho)physiological conditions are poorly known. Thus far, only angiotensin II and hypertonicity were found to upregulate AQP1 expression in rat proximal tubule in vivo and in vitro (Bouley R, Palomino Z, Tang SS, Nunes P, Kobori H, Lu HA, Shum WW, Sabolic I, Brown D, Ingelfinger JR, Jung FF. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 297: F1575-F1586, 2009), a phenomenon that may be relevant for higher blood pressure observed in men and male experimental animals. Here we investigated the sex-dependent AQP1 protein and mRNA expression in the rat kidney by immunochemical methods and qRT-PCR in tissue samples from prepubertal and intact gonadectomized animals and sex hormone-treated gonadectomized adult male and female animals. In adult rats, the overall renal AQP1 protein and mRNA expression was ∼80% and ∼40% higher, respectively, in males than in females, downregulated by gonadectomy in both sexes and upregulated strongly by testosterone and moderately by progesterone treatment; estradiol treatment had no effect. In prepubertal rats, the AQP1 protein expression was low compared with adults and slightly higher in females, whereas the AQP1 mRNA expression was low and similar in both sexes. The observed differences in AQP1 protein expression in various experiments mainly reflect changes in the glycosylated form. The male-dominant expression of renal AQP1 in rats, which develops after puberty largely in the glycosylated form of the protein, may contribute to enhanced fluid reabsorption following the androgen- or progesterone-stimulated activities of sodium-reabsorptive mechanisms in proximal tubules.
authors: Molecular Toxicology, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia;
authors: Carol M
authors: CM
authors: Herak-Kramberger
authors: Molecular Toxicology, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia;
authors: Davorka
authors: D
authors: Breljak
authors: Molecular Toxicology, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia;
authors: Marija
authors: M
authors: Ljubojević
authors: Molecular Toxicology, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia;
authors: Mirela
authors: M
authors: Matokanović
authors: Clinical Institute of Laboratory Diagnosis, University Hospital Center, Zagreb, Croatia;
authors: Mila
authors: M
authors: Lovrić
authors: Clinical Institute of Laboratory Diagnosis, University Hospital Center, Zagreb, Croatia;
authors: Dunja
authors: D
authors: Rogić
authors: Molecular Toxicology, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia;
authors: Hrvoje
authors: H
authors: Brzica
authors: Molecular Toxicology, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia;
authors: Ivana
authors: I
authors: Vrhovac
authors: Molecular Toxicology, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia;
authors: Dean
authors: D
authors: Karaica
authors: Molecular Toxicology, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia;
authors: Vedran
authors: V
authors: Micek
authors: Department of Biotechnology, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia;
authors: Jana Ivković
authors: JI
authors: Dupor
authors: Program in Membrane Biology and Division of Nephrology, Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors: Dennis
authors: D
authors: Brown
authors: Molecular Toxicology, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia; sabolic@imi.hr.
authors: Ivan
authors: I
authors: Sabolić
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000818:Animals; D051398:Aquaporin 1 / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D004958:Estradiol / Q000008:administration & dosage; D015914:Estrogen Replacement Therapy; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D006031:Glycosylation; D008297:Male; D009399:Nephrons / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D009919:Orchiectomy; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D010052:Ovariectomy; D011374:Progesterone / Q000008:administration & dosage; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D065667:Renal Elimination; D012737:Sex Factors; D012741:Sexual Maturation; D013739:Testosterone / Q000008:administration & dosage; D014563:Urodynamics
chemical_list: C496022:Aqp1 protein, rat; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D051398:Aquaporin 1; D013739:Testosterone; D011374:Progesterone; D004958:Estradiol
keywords: Western blotting; aquaporin 1; castration; immunocytochemistry; ovariectomy; sex differences; sex steroids
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