title: Is the fetoplacental ratio a differential marker of fetal growth restriction in small for gestational age infants?
abstract: Higher placental weight relative to birthweight has been described as an adaptive mechanism to fetal hypoxia in small for gestational age (SGA) infants. However, placental weight alone may not be a good marker reflecting intrauterine growth restriction. We hypothesized that fetoplacental ratio (FPR)-the ratio between birthweight and placental weight-may serve as a good marker of SGA after adjustment for surrogates of fetal hypoxemia (maternal iron deficiency anemia, smoking and choriodecidual necrosis). We conducted a within-sibling analysis using data from the US National Collaborative Perinatal Project (1959-1966) of 1,803 women who delivered their first two (or more) consecutive infants at term (n = 3,494). We used variance-component fixed-effect linear regression models to explore the effect of observed time-varying factors on placental weight and conditional logistic regression to estimate the effects of the tertiles of FPRs (1st small, 2nd normal and 3rd large) on the odds of SGA infants. We found placental weights to be 15 g [95 % confidence interval (CI) 8, 23] higher and -7 g (95 % CI -13, -2) lower among women that had anemia and choriodecidual necrosis, respectively. After multivariable adjustment, newborns with a small FPR (1st-tertile ≤7) had twofold higher odds of being SGA (OR 2.0, 95 % CI 1.2, 3.5) than their siblings with a large FPR (3nd-tertile ≥9). A small FPR was associated with higher odds of SGA, suggesting that small FPR may serve as an indicator suggestive of adverse intrauterine environment. This observation may help to distinguish pathological from constitutional SGA.
authors: Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health Boston, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02215, USA, mluquefe@hsph.harvard.edu.
authors: Miguel Angel
authors: MA
authors: Luque-Fernandez
authors: Cande V
authors: CV
authors: Ananth
authors: Vincent W V
authors: VW
authors: Jaddoe
authors: Romy
authors: R
authors: Gaillard
authors: Paul S
authors: PS
authors: Albert
authors: Michael
authors: M
authors: Schomaker
authors: Patrick
authors: P
authors: McElduff
authors: Daniel A
authors: DA
authors: Enquobahrie
authors: Bizu
authors: B
authors: Gelaye
authors: Michelle A
authors: MA
authors: Williams
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001724:Birth Weight / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D047109:Fetal Development / Q000502:physiology*; D005317:Fetal Growth Retardation / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007236:Infant, Small for Gestational Age; D008297:Male; D008423:Maternal Age; D009929:Organ Size / Q000502:physiology; D010920:Placenta / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D010929:Placentation; D011247:Pregnancy; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012044:Regression Analysis; D035781:Siblings
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