title: Complex effects of aqueous extract of Melampyrum pratense and of its flavonoids on activity of primary cultured hippocampal neurons.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aqueous extract of the plant Malmpyrum pratense (Mp), is widely used in traditional medicine as a sedative, yet the biological basis of its action is not known.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The effects of Mp on network activity and intrinsic and synaptic properties were studied in cultured hippocampal neurons in an attempt to analyze its mode of action.
  
  
  METHODS
  Dissociated cultures of rat hippocampal neurons were used. Spontaneous network activity was assessed by variations in intracellular [Ca(2+)] concentrations, reflecting action potential discharges. Individual neuronal synaptic activity was measured by patch clamp recordings from similar neurons. The effect of exposure to different concentrations of Mp and some of its main ingredients was measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mp produced complex, dose dependent, reversible effects on network activity, increasing it with low concentrations, and decreasing it at high concentrations. Individual flavonoids contained in Mp mimicked the effects of the extract, both for the facilitating and suppressing effects of the extract. Electrophysiologically, Mp caused a reduction in spontaneous activity, but did not affect membrane properties of individual patch clamped neurons, nor did it affect mEPSCs recorded from these neurons. However, a transient increase in reactivity to pulse application of GABA was evident.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that a main sedative effect of Mp is on GABAergic neurotransmission in cultured hippocampal neurons.
authors: Department of Neurobiology, The Weizmann Institute, Rehovot 76100, Israel. Electronic address: eduard.korkotian@weizmann.ac.il.
authors: Eduard
authors: E
authors: Korkotian
authors: Department of Neurobiology, The Weizmann Institute, Rehovot 76100, Israel; Center for Neurobiological Research, Perm State Pharmaceutical Academy, Perm, Russia. Electronic address: loyna@mail.ru.
authors: Alena
authors: A
authors: Botalova
authors: Center for Neurobiological Research, Perm State Pharmaceutical Academy, Perm, Russia. Electronic address: veto2007@yandex.ru.
authors: Tatiana
authors: T
authors: Odegova
authors: Department of Botany, Perm State Pharmaceutical Academy, Perm, Russia. Electronic address: elenagalishevskaya@mail.ru.
authors: Elena
authors: E
authors: Galishevskaya
authors: Department of Botany, Perm State Pharmaceutical Academy, Perm, Russia. Electronic address: yanegka25@gmail.com.
authors: Eugenia
authors: E
authors: Skryabina
authors: Department of Neurobiology, The Weizmann Institute, Rehovot 76100, Israel. Electronic address: menahem.segal@weizmann.ac.il.
authors: Menahem
authors: M
authors: Segal
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D019706:Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials / Q000187:drug effects; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000166:cytology; D053444:Inhibitory Postsynaptic Potentials / Q000187:drug effects; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D064028:Tracheophyta
chemical_list: D005419:Flavonoids; D010936:Plant Extracts
keywords: Calcium imaging; Flavonoids; GABA; Hippocampal culture; Melampyrum pretense; Network bursts