title: Differences in grass pollen allergen exposure across Australia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Allergic rhinitis and allergic asthma are important chronic diseases posing serious public health issues in Australia with associated medical, economic, and societal burdens. Pollen are significant sources of clinically relevant outdoor aeroallergens, recognised as both a major trigger for, and cause of, allergic respiratory diseases. This study aimed to provide a national, and indeed international, perspective on the state of Australian pollen data using a large representative sample.
  
  
  METHODS
  Atmospheric grass pollen concentration is examined over a number of years within the period 1995 to 2013 for Brisbane, Canberra, Darwin, Hobart, Melbourne, and Sydney, including determination of the 'clinical' grass pollen season and grass pollen peak.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results of this study describe, for the first time, a striking spatial and temporal variability in grass pollen seasons in Australia, with important implications for clinicians and public health professionals, and the Australian grass pollen-allergic community.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results demonstrate that static pollen calendars are of limited utility and in some cases misleading. This study also highlights significant deficiencies and limitations in the existing Australian pollen monitoring and data.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Establishment of an Australian national pollen monitoring network would help facilitate advances in the clinical and public health management of the millions of Australians with asthma and allergic rhinitis.
authors: Department of Environment and Geography, Macquarie University, New South Wales.
authors: Paul J
authors: PJ
authors: Beggs
authors: Constance H
authors: CH
authors: Katelaris
authors: Danielle
authors: D
authors: Medek
authors: Fay H
authors: FH
authors: Johnston
authors: Pamela K
authors: PK
authors: Burton
authors: Bradley
authors: B
authors: Campbell
authors: Alison K
authors: AK
authors: Jaggard
authors: Don
authors: D
authors: Vicendese
authors: David M J S
authors: DM
authors: Bowman
authors: Ian
authors: I
authors: Godwin
authors: Alfredo R
authors: AR
authors: Huete
authors: Bircan
authors: B
authors: Erbas
authors: Brett J
authors: BJ
authors: Green
authors: Rewi M
authors: RM
authors: Newnham
authors: Ed
authors: E
authors: Newbigin
authors: Simon G
authors: SG
authors: Haberle
authors: Janet M
authors: JM
authors: Davies
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis; D000485:Allergens / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000032:analysis; D001249:Asthma / Q000209:etiology; D001315:Australia; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis; D006109:Poaceae / Q000009:adverse effects*; D011058:Pollen / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006255:Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal / Q000209:etiology; D062211:Spatio-Temporal Analysis
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D000485:Allergens; D052638:Particulate Matter
keywords: allergen; allergic asthma; allergic rhinitis; pollen; season
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