title: Chondrosenescence: definition, hallmarks and potential role in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis.
abstract: Aging and inflammation are major contributing factors to the development and progression of arthritic and musculoskeletal diseases. "Inflammaging" refers to low-grade inflammation that occurs during physiological aging. In this paper we review the published literature on cartilage aging and propose the term "chondrosenescence" to define the age-dependent deterioration of chondrocyte function and how it undermines cartilage function in osteoarthritis. We propose the concept that a small number of senescent chondrocytes may be able to take advantage of the inflammatory tissue microenvironment and the inflammaging and immunosenescence that is concurrently occurring in the arthritic joint, further contributing to the age-related degradation of articular cartilage, subchondral bone, synovium and other tissues. In this new framework "chondrosenescence" is intimately linked with inflammaging and the disturbed interplay between autophagy and inflammasomes, thus contributing to the age-related increase in the prevalence of osteoarthritis and a decrease in the efficacy of articular cartilage repair. A better understanding of the basic mechanisms underlying chondrosenescence and its modification by drugs, weight loss, improved nutrition and physical exercise could lead to the development of new therapeutic and preventive strategies for osteoarthritis and a range of other age-related inflammatory joint diseases. Aging is inevitable but age-related diseases may be modifiable.
authors: The D-BOARD European Consortium for Biomarker Discovery, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Duke of Kent Building, Guildford GU2 7XH, Surrey, United Kingdom; Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research (CEGMR), King Fahd Medical Research Center (KFMRC), King AbdulAziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; Arthritis Research UK Centre for Sport, Exercise and Osteoarthritis, Arthritis Research UK Pain Centre, Medical Research Council and Arthritis Research UK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham NG7 2UH, United Kingdom. Electronic address: ali.mobasheri.manuscripts@gmail.com.
authors: Ali
authors: A
authors: Mobasheri
authors: The D-BOARD European Consortium for Biomarker Discovery, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Duke of Kent Building, Guildford GU2 7XH, Surrey, United Kingdom; Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
authors: Csaba
authors: C
authors: Matta
authors: Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
authors: Róza
authors: R
authors: Zákány
authors: Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Human Anatomy and Histology Section, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia, 87-95125 Catania, Italy.
authors: Giuseppe
authors: G
authors: Musumeci
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002358:Cartilage, Articular / Q000473:pathology*; D016922:Cellular Senescence; D019902:Chondrocytes / Q000473:pathology*; D018450:Disease Progression; D006801:Humans; D010003:Osteoarthritis / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology*
keywords: Apoptosis; Cartilage; Chondrosenescence; Hallmark; Osteoarthritis