title: Role of angiogenesis in endodontics: contributions of stem cells and proangiogenic and antiangiogenic factors to dental pulp regeneration.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Dental pulp regeneration is a part of regenerative endodontics, which includes isolation, propagation, and re-transplantation of stem cells inside the prepared root canal space. The formation of new blood vessels through angiogenesis is mandatory to increase the survival rate of re-transplanted tissues. Angiogenesis is defined as the formation of new blood vessels from preexisting capillaries, which has great importance in pulp regeneration and homeostasis. Here the contribution of human dental pulp stem cells and proangiogenic and antiangiogenic factors to angiogenesis process and regeneration of dental pulp is reviewed.
  
  
  METHODS
  A search was performed on the role of angiogenesis in dental pulp regeneration from January 2005 through April 2014. The recent aspects of the relationship between angiogenesis, human dental pulp stem cells, and proangiogenic and antiangiogenic factors in regeneration of dental pulp were assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Many studies have indicated an intimate relationship between angiogenesis and dental pulp regeneration. The contribution of stem cells and mechanical and chemical factors to dental pulp regeneration has been previously discussed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Angiogenesis is an indispensable process during dental pulp regeneration. The survival of inflamed vital pulp and engineered transplanted pulp tissue are closely linked to the process of angiogenesis at sites of application. However, the detailed regulatory mechanisms involved in initiation and progression of angiogenesis in pulp tissue require investigation.
authors: Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin; McPherson Eye Research Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin. Electronic address: saghiri@gmail.com.
authors: Mohammad Ali
authors: MA
authors: Saghiri
authors: Kamal Asgar Research Center, Shiraz, Iran.
authors: Armen
authors: A
authors: Asatourian
authors: McPherson Eye Research Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin; Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin.
authors: Christine M
authors: CM
authors: Sorenson
authors: Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin; McPherson Eye Research Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin.
authors: Nader
authors: N
authors: Sheibani
mesh_terms: D003782:Dental Pulp / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D018919:Neovascularization, Physiologic; D012038:Regeneration; D033581:Stem Cell Transplantation
keywords: Angiogenesis; proangiogenic and antiangiogenic factors; pulp regeneration; pulp stem cells
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