title: Validation of a portable device for mapping motor and gait disturbances in Parkinson's disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Patients with severe idiopathic Parkinson's disease experience motor fluctuations, which are often difficult to control. Accurate mapping of such motor fluctuations could help improve patients' treatment.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objective of the study was to focus on developing and validating an automatic detector of motor fluctuations. The device is small, wearable, and detects the motor phase while the patients walk in their daily activities.
  
  
  METHODS
  Algorithms for detection of motor fluctuations were developed on the basis of experimental data from 20 patients who were asked to wear the detector while performing different daily life activities, both in controlled (laboratory) and noncontrolled environments. Patients with motor fluctuations completed the experimental protocol twice: (1) once in the ON, and (2) once in the OFF phase. The validity of the algorithms was tested on 15 different patients who were asked to wear the detector for several hours while performing daily activities in their habitual environments. In order to assess the validity of detector measurements, the results of the algorithms were compared with data collected by trained observers who were accompanying the patients all the time.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The motor fluctuation detector showed a mean sensitivity of 0.96 (median 1; interquartile range, IQR, 0.93-1) and specificity of 0.94 (median 0.96; IQR, 0.90-1).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ON/OFF motor fluctuations in Parkinson's patients can be detected with a single sensor, which can be worn in everyday life.
authors: Fundación Sant Antoni Abat (Consorci Sanitiari del Garraf), Vilanova i la Geltru, Spain. rodriguez.molinero@gmail.com.
authors: Alejandro
authors: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9678-2654
authors: A
authors: Rodríguez-Molinero
authors: Albert
authors: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3185-0799
authors: A
authors: Samà
authors: David A
authors: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5587-0415
authors: DA
authors: Pérez-Martínez
authors: Carlos
authors: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7400-4360
authors: C
authors: Pérez López
authors: Jaume
authors: J
authors: Romagosa
authors: Àngels
authors: À
authors: Bayés
authors: Pilar
authors: P
authors: Sanz
authors: Matilde
authors: M
authors: Calopa
authors: César
authors: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5333-3317
authors: C
authors: Gálvez-Barrón
authors: Eva
authors: E
authors: de Mingo
authors: Daniel
authors: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2598-6772
authors: D
authors: Rodríguez Martín
authors: Natalia
authors: N
authors: Gonzalo
authors: Francesc
authors: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3587-298X
authors: F
authors: Formiga
authors: Joan
authors: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6926-3322
authors: J
authors: Cabestany
authors: Andreu
authors: A
authors: Catalá
keywords: accelerometer; kinematic sensor; motor fluctuations
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