title: Evolution of individual versus social learning on social networks.
abstract: A number of studies have investigated the roles played by individual and social learning in cultural phenomena and the relative advantages of the two learning strategies in variable environments. Because social learning involves the acquisition of behaviours from others, its utility depends on the availability of 'cultural models' exhibiting adaptive behaviours. This indicates that social networks play an essential role in the evolution of learning. However, possible effects of social structure on the evolution of learning have not been fully explored. Here, we develop a mathematical model to explore the evolutionary dynamics of learning strategies on social networks. We first derive the condition under which social learners (SLs) are selectively favoured over individual learners in a broad range of social network. We then obtain an analytical approximation of the long-term average frequency of SLs in homogeneous networks, from which we specify the condition, in terms of three relatedness measures, for social structure to facilitate the long-term evolution of social learning. Finally, we evaluate our approximation by Monte Carlo simulations in complete graphs, regular random graphs and scale-free networks. We formally show that whether social structure favours the evolution of social learning is determined by the relative magnitudes of two effects of social structure: localization in competition, by which competition between learning strategies is evaded, and localization in cultural transmission, which slows down the spread of adaptive traits. In addition, our estimates of the relatedness measures suggest that social structure disfavours the evolution of social learning when selection is weak.
authors: Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan Department of Creative Informatics, Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan CREST, JST, 4-1-8, Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan tmr.kohei@gmail.com.
authors: Kohei
authors: K
authors: Tamura
authors: Department of Management, Kochi University of Technology, Tosayamada, Kami-city, Kochi 782-8502, Japan.
authors: Yutaka
authors: Y
authors: Kobayashi
authors: Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
authors: Yasuo
authors: Y
authors: Ihara
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D001519:Behavior; D005075:Biological Evolution; D003198:Computer Simulation; D003468:Cultural Evolution; D003469:Culture; D006801:Humans; D007858:Learning; D015233:Models, Statistical; D009010:Monte Carlo Method; D012919:Social Behavior; D060756:Social Networking; D012944:Social Support
keywords: cultural evolution; maladaptive culture; relatedness; social structure
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