title: Evaluation of penile vascular status in men with epilepsy with erectile dysfunction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Erectile dysfunction (ED) is common in males with epilepsy, likely of multifactorial etiology, including possible systemic vascular comorbidities and medication effects. Here we examined male patients for the possibility of a vasculogenic element of ED.
  
  
  METHODS
  Research participants included 47 men with epilepsy (mean age=30.98 years; duration of illness=13.98 years) and 25 healthy matched men (mean age=30.36). Erectile function was assessed using the International Index of Erectile Function Questionnaire (IIEF-5). Penile blood flow was assessed using Duplex Ultrasonography (PDU) after intracavernous alprostadil injection. Penile peak systolic velocity (PSV), end-diastolic velocity (EDV) and resistance index (RI) were the functional parameters analyzed. Carotid artery intima media thickness (CA-IMT) was also measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirteen of the 47 men with epilepsy (23.40% versus 0% for controls) reported ED, and of these patients, 11 (84.62%) had abnormal PDU [PSV=28.23 ± 6.1cm/s, P=0.0001; EDV=2.22 ± 5.71 cm/s, P=0.004; RI=0.89 ± 0.22, P=0.071] suggesting vasculogic ED. Penile arterial insufficiency was identified in 5 (45.45%), while 6 (54.54%) had mixed arterial insufficiency and venous leak. Compared to patients with high PSV, patients with low PSV had lower IIED-5 scores, higher EDV, lower RI, higher diastolic blood pressure and higher CA-IMT values. There were no differences in depression, anxiety or concentrations of sex hormones. Significant correlations were evident between PDU variables and duration of illness, depression and anxiety scores and CA-IMT values. In multivariate analysis, the association between PDU parameters and CA-IMT values remained significant even after adjustment for other confounding variables.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Vasculogenic ED is frequent with epilepsy and its relationship to systemic atherosclerosis cannot be excluded.
authors: Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Assiut University Hospital, Assiut, Egypt. Electronic address: hamed_sherifa@yahoo.com.
authors: Sherifa A
authors: SA
authors: Hamed
authors: Department of Neurology, University of Wisconsin, USA.
authors: Bruce P
authors: BP
authors: Hermann
authors: Department of Radiology, Assiut University Hospital, Assiut, Egypt.
authors: Ehab M M
authors: EM
authors: Moussa
authors: Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Assiut University Hospital, Assiut, Egypt.
authors: Ahmad H
authors: AH
authors: Youssef
authors: Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Assiut University Hospital, Assiut, Egypt.
authors: Tarek A
authors: TA
authors: Rageh
authors: Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Assiut University Hospital, Assiut, Egypt.
authors: Yaser E
authors: YE
authors: Elserogy
authors: Department of Clinical Pathology, Assiut University Hospital, Assiut, Egypt.
authors: Eman
authors: E
authors: NasrEldin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000527:Alprostadil; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity; D059168:Carotid Intima-Media Thickness; D015897:Comorbidity; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy; D007172:Erectile Dysfunction / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010413:Penis / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000187:drug effects; D012039:Regional Blood Flow; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014655:Vascular Resistance; D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000927:Anticonvulsants; D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D000527:Alprostadil
keywords: Antiepileptic drugs; Epilepsy; Erectile dysfunction; Penile blood flow; Vascular risks