title: Adolescent and young adult female determinants of visceral adipose tissue at ages 26-28 years.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess adolescent and young adult determinants of visceral adipose tissue (VAT) at ages 26-28 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective study (ages 9-28 years) of cardiometabolic measures, menarche age, menses irregularities, metabolic syndrome, impaired fasting glucose-type 2 diabetes mellitus, and VAT in 400 girls (248 black, 152 white).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Adolescent (age 14-19) independent variables for greater VAT at ages 26-28 included larger mean waist circumference (partial R(2) = 30.8%), earlier age at menarche (0.9%), and white race (1.8%). Young adult (ages 20-28 years) independent variables for greater VAT included larger mean waist circumference (partial R(2) = 61.7%), greater triglyceride levels (3.3%), lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (1.0%), and greater insulin resistance (homeostasis model assessment-estimated insulin resistance; 0.4%). Independent variables for greater VAT when both adolescent and young adult variables were used included waist (tertile rank change from adolescence to young adulthood, partial R(2) = 58.3%), greater young adult triglyceride levels (4.4%), white race (1.8%), greater young adult homeostasis model assessment-estimated insulin resistance (age 20-28, 2.4%), and earlier menarche age (0.7%). Menses irregularities were not independently associated with young adult VAT.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Adolescent girls with early menarche and larger waist circumference should be targets for primary prevention of accretion of VAT. In young adulthood, VAT is associated with dysregulated cardiometabolic profiles, which is greater for those with waist circumference increases from adolescence to adulthood. Waist circumference during young adulthood, and to a lesser degree during adolescence, is an inexpensive surrogate for VAT at ages 26-28 years.
authors: Cholesterol Center, Jewish Hospital of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH. Electronic address: cjglueck@mercy.com.
authors: Charles J
authors: CJ
authors: Glueck
authors: Cholesterol Center, Jewish Hospital of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH.
authors: Ping
authors: P
authors: Wang
authors: The Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH.
authors: Jessica G
authors: JG
authors: Woo
authors: The Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH.
authors: John A
authors: JA
authors: Morrison
authors: The Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH.
authors: Philip R
authors: PR
authors: Khoury
authors: Children's Hospital, Denver, CO.
authors: Stephen R
authors: SR
authors: Daniels
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002648:Child; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D050152:Intra-Abdominal Fat / Q000473:pathology*; D008572:Menarche; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications*; D009820:Ohio / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000379:methods*; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D055815:Young Adult