title: Industrial dust sulphate and its effects on biochemical and morphological characteristics of Morus (Morus alba) plant in NCR Delhi.
abstract: Abundance of CaCO3 rich soil dust is a typical feature of atmospheric environment in the Indian region. During prevailing dry weather conditions, dustfall is deposited onto the foliar surfaces of plant affecting their morphology, stomata and the levels of biochemical constituents. This study reports the chemical characteristics of dustfall, its effect on foliar morphology and biochemical constituents of a medicinal plant (Morus alba) at two sites which are differentiated on the basis of landuse pattern, viz., (i) residential, Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU), and (ii) industrial, Sahibabad (SB), located in the National Capital Region (NCR) of Delhi. Dustfall was characterized for major anions (F(-), Cl(-), NO3 (-) and SO4 (--)) and cations (Na(+), NH4 (+), K(+), Mg(++) and Ca(++)). Biochemical parameters such as chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, carotenoid, proline and ascorbic acid were determined in foliar samples. The results showed that the dustfall fluxes of all the major ions were found to be higher at the industrial site (SB) as compared to the residential site (JNU). Foliar analysis revealed that the levels of biochemical parameters were more affected at SB site due to higher levels of dust SO4 (--) contributed by various anthropogenic sources resulting in more stressful conditions affecting the biochemistry of the plant. The possible entry pathways for dust SO4 (--) into foliar cells are also discussed in the paper. It was noticed that the deposition of urban dust was responsible for the damage of trichome, epidermis, cuticle and stomatal guard cells significantly affecting foliar morphology. SB exhibited more damage to these morphological parts suggesting that industrial dust is harmful to the plants.
authors: School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, Delhi, 110067, India.
authors: Gyan Prakash
authors: GP
authors: Gupta
authors: Sudha
authors: S
authors: Singh
authors: Bablu
authors: B
authors: Kumar
authors: U C
authors: UC
authors: Kulshrestha
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*; D002734:Chlorophyll / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D000077194:Chlorophyll A; D004391:Dust / Q000032:analysis*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D007221:Industry; D007477:Ions / Q000032:analysis; D031625:Morus / Q000187:drug effects*; D010944:Plants; D012987:Soil; D013431:Sulfates / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D004391:Dust; D007477:Ions; D012987:Soil; D013431:Sulfates; D002734:Chlorophyll; C085815:chlorophyll a'; C037184:chlorophyll b; D000077194:Chlorophyll A
references: Plant Physiol. 2003 Apr;131(4):1511-7
references: 12692311
references: J Biol Chem. 1971 Feb 10;246(3):582-8
references: 4250775
references: Plant J. 1997 Oct;12(4):875-84
references: 9375399
references: Arch Environ Contam Toxicol. 2009 May;56(4):723-31
references: 18787889
references: Environ Pollut. 1993;79(1):63-75
references: 15091915
references: Environ Pollut. 2011 May;159(5):1229-33
references: 21342742
references: Trends Plant Sci. 2001 Feb;6(2):66-71
references: 11173290
references: Environ Pollut. 2004 Jul;130(1):41-54
references: 15046839
references: J Exp Bot. 2004 Aug;55(404):1765-73
references: 15258169
references: Environ Pollut. 2003;126(3):323-9
references: 12963293
references: Environ Pollut. 2005 Jan;133(1):157-67
references: 15327866
references: Plant J. 2000 Jul;23(2):171-82
references: 10929111
references: Environ Pollut. 2002;120(1):11-21
references: 12199457
references: Planta. 1986 Feb;167(2):292-9
references: 24241865
references: Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2005 Feb;60(2):228-35
references: 15546639
references: Mutat Res. 2001 Apr 18;475(1-2):21-8
references: 11295150
references: Environ Pollut. 1993;81(3):251-5
references: 15091810
references: Environ Monit Assess. 2006 Aug;119(1-3):15-30
references: 16736274
references: Environ Pollut. 1995;87(1):87-104
references: 15091612
references: Bull Environ Contam Toxicol. 2001 Jul;67(1):133-40
references: 11381323
references: Chemosphere. 1999 Feb;38(4):899-907
references: 10903120
references: Nature. 1970 Jul 25;227(5256):377-8
references: 5428432
references: Environ Pollut. 1994;85(1):109-16
references: 15091691
references: Environ Monit Assess. 1983 Sep;3(3-4):263-72
references: 24259091
references: J Exp Bot. 2000 Jun;51(347):1077-88
references: 10948235
references: Environ Monit Assess. 1994 Dec;33(3):195-213
references: 24201886
references: Photosynth Res. 2001;67(1-2):139-45
references: 16228323
references: Bull Environ Contam Toxicol. 2010 Sep;85(3):251-5
references: 20577871
references: Environ Pollut. 2008 Jan;151(2):287-91
references: 17664035
references: Environ Pollut. 1998;101(1):1-11
references: 15093093
references: Environ Monit Assess. 2006 Sep;120(1-3):585-602
references: 16758287
references: Environ Pollut. 1995;89(3):255-61
references: 15091515
references: Annu Rev Plant Physiol Plant Mol Biol. 2000 Jun;51:463-499
references: 15012199