title: Intraoperative direct puncture and embolization (IOPE) using a glue material for spinal cord arteriovenous fistula: a case report.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Spinal arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is treated by embolization or surgery. However, transarterial embolization or surgery is difficult in rare cases when the fistula site is very complicated to access especially as in fistular nidus supplied by posterior and anterior spinal artery. We present the case which was treated with intraoperative direct puncture and embolization (IOPE) using glue material, since the usual transarterial or transvenous neurointerventional approach was difficult to embolize the AVF.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 36-year-old woman presented with progressive leg weakness and pain after a 20-year history of lower back pain. She had pelvic and spinal AVF combined with arteriovenous malformation (AVM). Despite prior treatment of the pelvic lesion with radiotherapy and coil embolization, the spinal lesion persisted and caused repeated subarachnoid hemorrhages. A spinal angiogram revealed a tortuous and long feeder of the AVF which had growing venous sac, as well as AVM. Two embolization trials failed because of the long tortuosity and associated anterior spinal artery. Four months later, drastic leg weakness and pain occurred, and IOPE was performed using a glue material.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The subsequent recovery of the patient was rapid. One month later, the use of a strong opioid could be discontinued, and the patient could walk with aid. A follow-up spinal angiogram revealed that the venous sac of the AVF had disappeared.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In spinal AVF which is not feasible to access by usual intervention approach and to dissect surgically, IOPE with glue material can be considered for the treatment.
authors: Department of Neurological Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors: Hong Kyung
authors: HK
authors: Shin
authors: Dae Chul
authors: DC
authors: Suh
authors: Sang Ryong
authors: SR
authors: Jeon
mesh_terms: D000269:Adhesives / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000328:Adult; D001164:Arteriovenous Fistula / Q000628:therapy*; D001165:Arteriovenous Malformations / Q000628:therapy*; D004621:Embolization, Therapeutic / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D011677:Punctures / Q000379:methods; D011859:Radiography; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000098:blood supply*; D014711:Vertebral Artery / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging
chemical_list: D000269:Adhesives