title: Tropical soils with high aluminum concentrations cause oxidative stress in two tomato genotypes.
abstract: Tropical and subtropical soils are usually acidic and have high concentrations of aluminum (Al). Aluminum toxicity in plants is caused by the high affinity of the Al cation for cell walls, membranes, and metabolites. In this study, the response of the antioxidant-enzymatic system to Al was examined in two tomato genotypes: Solanum lycopersicum var. esculentum (Calabash Rouge) and Solanum lycopersicum var. cerasiforme (CNPH 0082) grown in tropical soils with varying levels of Al. Plant growth; activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), guaiacol peroxidase (GPOX), and glutathione reductase (GR) enzymes; stress-indicating compounds (malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide); and morphology (root length and surface area) were analyzed. Increased levels of Al in soils were correlated with reduced shoot and root biomass and with reduced root length and surface area. Calabash Rouge exhibited low Al concentrations and increased growth in soils with the highest levels of Al. Plants grown in soils with high availability of Al exhibited higher levels of stress indicators (MDA and hydrogen peroxide) and higher enzyme activity (CAT, APX, GPOX, and GR). Calabash Rouge absorbed less Al from soils than CNPH 0082, which suggests that the genotype may possess mechanisms for Al tolerance.
authors: Departamento de Genética, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Pádua Dias 11, Piracicaba, 13418-900, Brazil.
authors: Roberta Corrêa
authors: RC
authors: Nogueirol
authors: Francisco Antonio
authors: FA
authors: Monteiro
authors: Priscila Lupino
authors: PL
authors: Gratão
authors: Lucélia
authors: L
authors: Borgo
authors: Ricardo Antunes
authors: RA
authors: Azevedo
mesh_terms: D000535:Aluminum / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D060387:Ascorbate Peroxidases / Q000378:metabolism; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D005838:Genotype; D005980:Glutathione Reductase / Q000378:metabolism; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000378:metabolism; D018551:Solanum lycopersicum / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000254:growth & development; D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000633:toxicity*; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D000535:Aluminum; C121048:guaiacol peroxidase; D060387:Ascorbate Peroxidases; D002374:Catalase; D009195:Peroxidase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D005980:Glutathione Reductase
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