title: Identification of the metabolites of Ixerin Z from Ixeris sonchifolia Hance in rats by HPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap mass spectrometry.
abstract: Ixerin Z, one of major sesquiterpene lactones from Ixeris sonchifolia Hance, was considered to be a major active compound because of their special structure and activity. However, studies on Ixerin Z metabolism have rarely been reported. This study is the first to investigate the in vivo metabolism of Ixerin Z following intravenously administered of Ixerin Z by HPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap mass spectrometry and multiple mass defect filters (MMDF) technique. A total of 41 metabolites as well as parent drug after using two MMDF filter templates were unambiguously or tentatively identified based on accurate mass measurements, fragmentation patterns, and chromatographic retention times. The metabolic pathways of Ixerin Z were also proposed for the first time. The results demonstrated that Ixerin Z underwent extensive metabolic reaction including hydrogenation, hydroxylation, hydrolysis, methylation, cysteine conjugation, glutathione (GSH) conjugation, sulfate conjugation, N-acetylcysteine conjugation, and glucuronidation. In conclusion, our study provided an insight into the metabolism of Ixerin Z.
authors: School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China.
authors: Wei
authors: W
authors: Cai
authors: Center of Scientific Experiment, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
authors: Jia-Yu
authors: JY
authors: Zhang
authors: School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China.
authors: Lu-Yan
authors: LY
authors: Dong
authors: School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China.
authors: Pei-Hua
authors: PH
authors: Yin
authors: Center of Scientific Experiment, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
authors: Chun-Guo
authors: CG
authors: Wang
authors: Center of Scientific Experiment, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China. Electronic address: lujq@vip.sina.com.
authors: Jian-Qiu
authors: JQ
authors: Lu
authors: School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China. Electronic address: bzy714@163.com.
authors: Hong-Gui
authors: HG
authors: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019659:Asteraceae / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods; D007783:Lactones / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D013058:Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods; D053858:Metabolic Networks and Pathways / Q000502:physiology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012717:Sesquiterpenes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D007783:Lactones; D012717:Sesquiterpenes
keywords: HPLC–LTQ-Orbitrap; Ixerin Z; Ixeris sonchifolia Hance; Metabolites; Multiple mass defect filter