title: Injuries in World Cup telemark skiing: a 5-year cohort study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There are limited data on injuries in World Cup (WC) telemark skiing.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To describe the injury incidence and injury pattern seen among WC telemark skiers during the competitive season.
  
  
  METHODS
  We interviewed all WC athletes (or their coach, if the athlete was not present) at the end of five winter seasons from 2008 until 2013. All acute injuries occurring in the competitive season that required the attention of medical personnel were registered. Exposure was calculated based on the official International Ski Federation (FIS) results database.
  
  
  RESULTS
  149 acute injuries were registered during 565 WC skier seasons. The absolute injury incidence was 26.4 injuries per 100 athletes per season (95% CI 22.1 to 30.6), higher for females than males (risk ratio (RR) 1.49, 95% CI 1.07 to 2.08). During the FIS WC competitions, 69 injuries were registered, corresponding to a relative incidence of 8.2 injuries per 1000 runs (95% CI 6.3 to 10.1). The most frequently injured body part was the knee (21%) followed by the hand-finger-thumb (20%), ankle (13%) and shoulder/clavicle (13%). The absolute risk of knee and shoulder/clavicle injuries was higher for females versus males (RR for knee injuries 2.72, 95% CI 1.35 to 5.51; RR for shoulder/clavicle injuries 2.55, 95% CI 1.06 to 6.14). No differences were detected in the injury incidence between disciplines.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Female telemark skiers are at 1.5 times greater risk of injury than male skiers. The most commonly injured body part was the knee. The risk of knee and shoulder/clavicle injuries was higher for female athletes than for male athletes.
authors: Department of Sports Medicine, Oslo Sport Trauma Research Center, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway.
authors: Melissa Woll
authors: MW
authors: Johansen
authors: Department of Sports Medicine, Oslo Sport Trauma Research Center, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway.
authors: Sophie E
authors: SE
authors: Steenstrup
authors: Department of Sports Medicine, Oslo Sport Trauma Research Center, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway Aspetar, Doha, Qatar.
authors: Tone
authors: T
authors: Bere
authors: Department of Sports Medicine, Oslo Sport Trauma Research Center, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway Aspetar, Doha, Qatar.
authors: Roald
authors: R
authors: Bahr
authors: Department of Sports Medicine, Oslo Sport Trauma Research Center, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway Orthopaedic Department, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
authors: Lars
authors: L
authors: Nordsletten
mesh_terms: D001265:Athletic Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D009141:Musculoskeletal System / Q000293:injuries; D009664:Norway / Q000453:epidemiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D017678:Sex Distribution; D012865:Skiing / Q000293:injuries*
keywords: Epidemiology; Injuries; Knee; Shoulder; Skiing