title: Signatures of adaptation to plant parasitism in nematode genomes.
abstract: Plant-parasitic nematodes cause considerable damage to global agriculture. The ability to parasitize plants is a derived character that appears to have independently emerged several times in the phylum Nematoda. Morphological convergence to feeding style has been observed, but whether this is emergent from molecular convergence is less obvious. To address this, we assess whether genomic signatures can be associated with plant parasitism by nematodes. In this review, we report genomic features and characteristics that appear to be common in plant-parasitic nematodes while absent or rare in animal parasites, predators or free-living species. Candidate horizontal acquisitions of parasitism genes have systematically been found in all plant-parasitic species investigated at the sequence level. Presence of peptides that mimic plant hormones also appears to be a trait of plant-parasitic species. Annotations of the few genomes of plant-parasitic nematodes available to date have revealed a set of apparently species-specific genes on every occasion. Effector genes, important for parasitism are frequently found among those species-specific genes, indicating poor overlap. Overall, nematodes appear to have developed convergent genomic solutions to adapt to plant parasitism.
authors: Bioinformatics Research Center, NC State Univ,Raleigh, NC 27695,USA.
authors: David McK
authors: DM
authors: Bird
authors: James Hutton Institute,Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA,UK.
authors: John T
authors: JT
authors: Jones
authors: Plant Nematode Genetics Group, Dept. of Plant Pathology,NC State Univ,Raleigh, NC 27695,USA.
authors: Charles H
authors: CH
authors: Opperman
authors: Division of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine,University of Miyazaki,Miyazaki 889-1692,Japan.
authors: Taisei
authors: T
authors: Kikuchi
authors: INRA, UMR 1355, Institut Sophia Agrobiotech,F-06903, Sophia-Antipolis,France.
authors: Etienne G J
authors: EG
authors: Danchin
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological; D000818:Animals; D023281:Genomics; D006790:Host-Parasite Interactions; D009348:Nematoda / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D010802:Phylogeny; D010944:Plants / Q000469:parasitology*
keywords: convergence
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