title: Bumblebees measure optic flow for position and speed control flexibly within the frontal visual field.
abstract: When flying through narrow spaces, insects control their position by balancing the magnitude of apparent image motion (optic flow) experienced in each eye and their speed by holding this value about a desired set point. Previously, it has been shown that when bumblebees encounter sudden changes in the proximity to nearby surfaces - as indicated by a change in the magnitude of optic flow on each side of the visual field - they adjust their flight speed well before the change, suggesting that they measure optic flow for speed control at low visual angles in the frontal visual field. Here, we investigated the effect that sudden changes in the magnitude of translational optic flow have on both position and speed control in bumblebees if these changes are asymmetrical; that is, if they occur only on one side of the visual field. Our results reveal that the visual region over which bumblebees respond to optic flow cues for flight control is not dictated by a set viewing angle. Instead, bumblebees appear to use the maximum magnitude of translational optic flow experienced in the frontal visual field. This strategy ensures that bumblebees use the translational optic flow generated by the nearest obstacles - that is, those with which they have the highest risk of colliding - to control flight.
authors: Lund Vision Group, Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund SE-22362, Sweden nellie.linander@biol.lu.se.
authors: Nellie
authors: N
authors: Linander
authors: Lund Vision Group, Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund SE-22362, Sweden.
authors: Marie
authors: M
authors: Dacke
authors: Lund Vision Group, Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund SE-22362, Sweden.
authors: Emily
authors: E
authors: Baird
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001516:Bees / Q000502:physiology*; D003463:Cues; D005426:Flight, Animal / Q000502:physiology*; D057849:Optic Flow / Q000502:physiology; D014794:Visual Fields
keywords: Bombus terrestris; Centring; Flight control; Flight speed; Image motion; Viewing angle