title: Drug resistance in sea lice: a threat to salmonid aquaculture.
abstract: Sea lice are copepod ectoparasites with vast reproductive potential and affect a wide variety of fish species. The number of parasites causing morbidity is proportional to fish size. Natural low host density restricts massive parasite dispersal. However, expanded salmon farming has shifted the conditions in favor of the parasite. Salmon farms are often situated near wild salmonid migrating routes, with smolts being particularly vulnerable to sea lice infestation. In order to protect both farmed and wild salmonids passing or residing in the proximity of the farms, several measures are taken. Medicinal treatment of farmed fish has been the most predictable and efficacious, leading to extensive use of the available compounds. This has resulted in drug-resistant parasites occurring on farmed and possibly wild salmonids.
authors: Norwegian University of Life Sciences, School of Veterinary Science, Sea Lice Research Centre, Oslo, Norway. Electronic address: stian.morch.aaen@nmbu.no.
authors: Stian Mørch
authors: SM
authors: Aaen
authors: Norwegian University of Life Sciences, School of Veterinary Science, Sea Lice Research Centre, Oslo, Norway.
authors: Kari Olli
authors: KO
authors: Helgesen
authors: Norwegian University of Life Sciences, School of Veterinary Science, Sea Lice Research Centre, Oslo, Norway.
authors: Marit Jørgensen
authors: MJ
authors: Bakke
authors: Norwegian University of Life Sciences, School of Veterinary Science, Sea Lice Research Centre, Oslo, Norway.
authors: Kiranpreet
authors: K
authors: Kaur
authors: Norwegian University of Life Sciences, School of Veterinary Science, Sea Lice Research Centre, Oslo, Norway. Electronic address: tor.e.horsberg@nmbu.no.
authors: Tor Einar
authors: TE
authors: Horsberg
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000977:Antiparasitic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017756:Aquaculture / Q000639:trends*; D033342:Copepoda / Q000187:drug effects*; D004351:Drug Resistance; D005393:Fish Diseases / Q000469:parasitology*; D010373:Lice Infestations / Q000469:parasitology*; D010571:Pest Control / Q000639:trends; D012487:Salmonidae / Q000469:parasitology*
chemical_list: D000977:Antiparasitic Agents
keywords: bioassays; molecular methods; resistance; salmon aquaculture; salmon lice