title: Molecular characterization of H9N2 influenza virus isolated from mink and its pathogenesis in mink.
abstract: In mid-August 2013, two H9N2 influenza viruses, named A/mink/Shandong/F6/2013 (Mk/SD/F6/13) and A/mink/Shandong/F10/2013 (Mk/SD/F10/13), were isolated from lung samples of 2 of 45 farmed mink exhibiting respiratory signs in mideastern Shandong province, China. The seroprevalence of antibodies to H9N2 in mink was 20% (53/265). Based on sequence analysis, the eight nucleotide sequences showed 99.7-100% identity between Mk/SD/F6/13 and Mk/SD/F10/13. The HA, NP and NS genes of Mk/SD/F6/13 and Mk/SD/F10/13 were close to A/chicken/Zhejiang/329/2011 (H9N2), the NA and PB1 genes to A/duck/Hunan/S4111/2011 (H9N2), the PA and M genes to A/chicken/Shanghai/C1/2012 (H9N2). However, the PB2 genes had a close relationship with A/Turkey/California/189/66 (H9N2). Based on Sialic acid (SA) receptor detection, a range tissues of the mink demonstrated staining for MAA and/or SNA, and mink could serve as an intermediate host for influenza viruses with pandemic potential for the other animals. Experimental infection of mink demonstrated that mink could be infected by H9N2 influenza viruses and presented mild clinical signs, virus shedding and seroconversion, but no animals died of the disease. It implied that mammalian host-adapted avian H9N2 strains infected mink.
authors: Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Taian 271018, Shandong, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, Shandong, China.
authors: Li
authors: L
authors: Peng
authors: Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Taian 271018, Shandong, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, Shandong, China.
authors: Chen
authors: C
authors: Chen
authors: Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Taian 271018, Shandong, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, Shandong, China.
authors: Han
authors: H
authors: Kai-yi
authors: Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Taian 271018, Shandong, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, Shandong, China.
authors: Zhang
authors: Z
authors: Feng-xia
authors: College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, Shandong, China.
authors: Zhu
authors: Z
authors: Yan-li
authors: Poultry Disease Lab of Shandong Entry-exit Inspection, Jinan 250014, Shandong, China.
authors: Ling
authors: L
authors: Zong-shuai
authors: Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Taian 271018, Shandong, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, Shandong, China.
authors: Zhang
authors: Z
authors: Xing-xiao
authors: Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Taian 271018, Shandong, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, Shandong, China.
authors: Jiang
authors: J
authors: Shi-jin
authors: Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Taian 271018, Shandong, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, Shandong, China. Electronic address: xiezhijing@126.com.
authors: Xie
authors: X
authors: Zhi-jing
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D053127:Influenza A Virus, H9N2 Subtype / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D008168:Lung / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D008297:Male; D008907:Mink / Q000821:virology*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009976:Orthomyxoviridae Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D016036:Seroepidemiologic Studies; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D014764:Viral Proteins
keywords: H9N2; Interspecies transmission; Mink influenza virus