title: Vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (VEMPs) in central neurological disorders.
abstract: Several types of acoustic stimulation (i.e. tone bursts or clicks), bone-conducted vibration, forehead taps, and galvanic stimulation elicit myogenic potentials. These can be recorded in cervical and ocular muscles, the so called vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (VEMPs). The cervical VEMP (cVEMP) resembles the vestibulo-collic reflex and the responses can be recorded from the ipsilateral sternocleidomastoid muscle. The ocular VEMP resembles the vestibulo-ocular reflex and can be recorded from extra-ocular muscles by a surface electrode beneath the contralateral infraorbital margin. Initially, the literature concerning VEMPs was limited to peripheral vestibular disorders, however, the field of VEMP testing is rapidly expanding, with an increasing focus on central neurological disorders. The current literature concerning VEMP abnormalities in central neurological disorders is critically reviewed, especially regarding the methodological aspects in relation to quality as well as the clinical interpretation of the VEMP results. Suggestions for further research are proposed as well as some clinically useful indications.
authors: Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, The Netherlands. Electronic address: j.venhovens@cwz.nl.
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Venhovens
authors: Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, The Netherlands.
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Meulstee
authors: Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, The Netherlands.
authors: W I M
authors: WIM
authors: Verhagen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002493:Central Nervous System Diseases / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D019636:Neurodegenerative Diseases / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012027:Reflex, Vestibulo-Ocular; D058585:Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potentials
keywords: Central neurological disorders; Otoliths; Vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (VEMP); Vestibulo-collic reflex; Vestibulo-ocular reflex