title: Prenatal malnutrition and lead intake produce increased brain lipid peroxidation levels in newborn rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Prenatal malnutrition (M) and lead intoxication (Pb) have adverse effects on neuronal development; one of the cellular mechanisms involved is a disruption of the pro- and anti-oxidant balance. In the developing brain, the vulnerability of neuronal membrane phospholipids is variable across the different brain areas. This study assesses the susceptibility of different brain regions to damage by quitar tissue oxidative stress and lead quitar concentrations to determine whether the combined effect of prenatal malnutrition (M) and lead (Pb) intoxication is worse than the effect of either of them individually.
  
  
  METHODS
  M was induced with an isocaloric and hypoproteinic (6% casein) diet 4 weeks before pregnancy. Intoxication was produced with lead acetate in drinking water, from the first gestational day. Both the M and Pb models were continued until the day of birth. Four brain regions (hippocampus, cortex, striatum, and cerebellum) were dissected out to analyze the lipid peroxidation (LP) levels in four groups: normally nourished (C); normally nourished but intoxicated with lead (CPb); malnourished (M); and M intoxicated with lead (MPb).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Dam body and brain weights were significantly reduced in the fourth gestational week in the MPb group. Their pups had significantly lower body weights than those in the C and CPb groups. The PbM group exhibited significant increases of lead concentration and LP in all areas evaluated. A potentiation effect of Pb and M on LP was found in the cerebellum.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study provides information on how environmental conditions (intoxication and malnutrition) during the intrauterine period could differentially affect the development of neuronal plasticity and, in consequence, alter adult brain functions such as learning and memory.
authors: a Departamento de Neurofisiología del Desarrollo y Neurofisiología , Instituto de Neurobiología Campus UNAM-Juriquilla , Santiago de Querétaro , Querétaro , México.
authors: Brenda Gabriela
authors: BG
authors: Maldonado-Cedillo
authors: b Departamento de Neuroquímica , Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía , Ciudad de México , DF , México.
authors: Araceli
authors: A
authors: Díaz-Ruiz
authors: b Departamento de Neuroquímica , Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía , Ciudad de México , DF , México.
authors: Sergio
authors: S
authors: Montes
authors: b Departamento de Neuroquímica , Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía , Ciudad de México , DF , México.
authors: Sonia
authors: S
authors: Galván-Arzate
authors: b Departamento de Neuroquímica , Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía , Ciudad de México , DF , México.|c Departamento de Sistemas Biológicos de la Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana , Unidad Xochimilco México , Delegación Coyoacán , DF , México.
authors: Camilo
authors: C
authors: Ríos
authors: d División de Ciencias de las Salud e Ingenierías , Universidad de Guanajuato , Campus Celaya-Salvatierra, Celaya , Guanajuato , México.
authors: Vicente
authors: V
authors: Beltrán-Campos
authors: b Departamento de Neuroquímica , Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía , Ciudad de México , DF , México.
authors: Mireya
authors: M
authors: Alcaraz-Zubeldia
authors: a Departamento de Neurofisiología del Desarrollo y Neurofisiología , Instituto de Neurobiología Campus UNAM-Juriquilla , Santiago de Querétaro , Querétaro , México.
authors: Sofia
authors: S
authors: Díaz-Cintra
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D002531:Cerebellum / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D047109:Fetal Development; D005317:Fetal Growth Retardation / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D007855:Lead Poisoning / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation; D008297:Male; D039382:Maternal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D009474:Neurons / Q000378:metabolism; D009929:Organ Size; D009942:Organometallic Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011488:Protein Deficiency / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D015430:Weight Gain
chemical_list: D009942:Organometallic Compounds; C008261:lead acetate
keywords: Hypoproteinic diet; Lead; Lipid peroxidation; Neonatal brain; Prenatal malnutrition