title: Trajectories of Oppositional Defiant Disorder Irritability Symptoms in Preschool Children.
abstract: This study traces the developmental course of irritability symptoms in oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) from ages 3-5 and examines the psychopathological outcomes of the different trajectories at age 6.
  
  
  METHODS
  A sample of 622 3-year-old preschoolers (311 were boys), followed up until age 6, was assessed yearly with a semi-structured diagnostic interview with parents and at age 6 with questionnaires answered by parents, teachers and children.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Growth-Mixture-Modeling yielded five trajectories of irritability levels for the whole sample (high-persistent 3.5%, decreasing 3.8%, increasing 2.6%, low-persistent 44.1% and null 46.0%). Among the children who presented with ODD during preschool age, three trajectories of irritability symptoms resulted (high-persistent 31.9%, decreasing 34.9% and increasing 33.2%). Null, low-persistent and decreasing irritability courses in the sample as a whole gave very similar discriminative capacity for children's psychopathological state at age 6, while the increasing and high-persistent categories involved poorer clinical outcomes than the null course. For ODD children, the high-persistent and increasing trajectories of irritability predicted disruptive behavior disorders, comorbidity, high level of functional impairment, internalizing and externalizing problems and low anger control at age 6.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Irritability identifies a subset of ODD children at high risk of poorer longitudinal psychopathological and functional outcomes. It might be clinically relevant to identify this subset of ODD children with a high number of irritability symptoms throughout development with a view to preventing comorbid and future adverse longitudinal outcomes.
authors: Unitat d'Epidemiologia i de Diagnòstic en Psicopatologia del Desenvolupament - Grup de Recerca 2014 SGR 312 Generalitat de Catalunya, Departament de Psicologia Clínica i de la Salut, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Edifici B., Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain. Lourdes.Ezpeleta@uab.cat.
authors: Lourdes
authors: L
authors: Ezpeleta
authors: Unitat d'Epidemiologia i de Diagnòstic en Psicopatologia del Desenvolupament - Grup de Recerca 2014 SGR 312 Generalitat de Catalunya, Departament de Psicobiologia i Metodologia de les Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. Roser.Granero@uab.cat.
authors: Roser
authors: R
authors: Granero
authors: Unitat d'Epidemiologia i de Diagnòstic en Psicopatologia del Desenvolupament - Grup de Recerca 2014 SGR 312 Generalitat de Catalunya, Departament de Psicologia Clínica i de la Salut, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Edifici B., Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain. Nuria.delaosa@uab.cat.
authors: Núria
authors: N
authors: de la Osa
authors: Departament de Psicologia Clínica i de la Salut, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Edifici B., Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain. etrepat@ipsicologia.cat.|Institut de Psicologia, Barcelona, Spain. etrepat@ipsicologia.cat.
authors: Esther
authors: E
authors: Trepat
authors: Unitat d'Epidemiologia i de Diagnòstic en Psicopatologia del Desenvolupament - Grup de Recerca 2014 SGR 312 Generalitat de Catalunya, Departament de Psicobiologia i Metodologia de les Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. Josepmaria.domenech@uab.cat.
authors: Josep M
authors: JM
authors: Domènech
mesh_terms: D019958:Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis*; D002657:Child Development; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007508:Irritable Mood; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: Developmental trajectories; Irritability; Oppositional defiant; Preschool
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