title: IGFBP-2 and -5: important regulators of normal and neoplastic mammary gland physiology.
abstract: The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) axis plays an important role in mammary gland physiology. In addition, dysregulation of this molecular axis may have a causal role in the aetiology and development of breast cancer (BC). This report discusses the IGF axis in normal and neoplastic mammary gland with special reference to IGF binding proteins (IGFBPs) -2 and -5. We describe how these high affinity binders of IGF-1 and IGF-2 may regulate local actions of growth factors in an autocrine and/or paracrine manner and how they also have IGF-independent effects in mammary gland. We discuss clinical studies which investigate both the prognostic value of IGFBP-2 and -5 expression in BC and possible involvement of these genes in the development of resistance to adjuvant endocrine therapies.
authors: Department of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, St James University Hospital, Level 7, Wellcome Trust Brenner Building, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK, J.Beattie@leeds.ac.uk.
authors: James
authors: J
authors: Beattie
authors: Yousef
authors: Y
authors: Hawsawi
authors: Hanaa
authors: H
authors: Alkharobi
authors: Reem
authors: R
authors: El-Gendy
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