title: PPARγ and MyoD are differentially regulated by myostatin in adipose-derived stem cells and muscle satellite cells.
abstract: Myostatin (MSTN) is a secreted protein belonging to the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) family that is primarily expressed in skeletal muscle and also functions in adipocyte maturation. Studies have shown that MSTN can inhibit adipogenesis in muscle satellite cells (MSCs) but not in adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs). However, the mechanism by which MSTN differently regulates adipogenesis in these two cell types remains unknown. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) and myogenic differentiation factor (MyoD) are two key transcription factors in fat and muscle cell development that influence adipogenesis. To investigate whether MSTN differentially regulates PPARγ and MyoD, we analyzed PPARγ and MyoD expression by assessing mRNA, protein and methylation levels in ADSCs and MSCs after treatment with 100 ng/mL MSTN for 0, 24, and 48 h. PPARγ mRNA levels were downregulated after 24 h and upregulated after 48 h of treatment in ADSCs, whereas in MSCs, PPARγ levels were downregulated at both time points. MyoD expression was significantly increased in ADSCs and decreased in MSCs. PPARγ and MyoD protein levels were upregulated in ADSCs and downregulated in MSCs. The CpG methylation levels of the PPARγ and MyoD promoters were decreased in ADSCs and increased in MSCs. Therefore, this study demonstrated that the different regulatory adipogenic roles of MSTN in ADSCs and MSCs act by differentially regulating PPARγ and MyoD expression.
authors: Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of the Agricultural Ministry and Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China.
authors: Feng
authors: F
authors: Zhang
authors: Wuhan Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430208, PR China.
authors: Bing
authors: B
authors: Deng
authors: Wu Han University of Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China.
authors: Jianghui
authors: J
authors: Wen
authors: Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of the Agricultural Ministry and Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China.
authors: Kun
authors: K
authors: Chen
authors: Wuhan Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430208, PR China.
authors: Wu
authors: W
authors: Liu
authors: Wuhan Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430208, PR China.
authors: Shengqiang
authors: S
authors: Ye
authors: Wuhan Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430208, PR China.
authors: Haijun
authors: H
authors: Huang
authors: Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of the Agricultural Ministry and Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China. Electronic address: jiangsiwen@mail.hzau.edu.cn.
authors: Siwen
authors: S
authors: Jiang
authors: Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of the Agricultural Ministry and Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China. Electronic address: xiongyzhu@163.com.
authors: Yuanzhu
authors: Y
authors: Xiong
mesh_terms: D017667:Adipocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D050156:Adipogenesis / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000502:physiology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000502:physiology; D017570:MyoD Protein / Q000378:metabolism*; D055435:Myostatin / Q000378:metabolism*; D047495:PPAR gamma / Q000378:metabolism*; D032496:Satellite Cells, Skeletal Muscle / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D017570:MyoD Protein; D055435:Myostatin; D047495:PPAR gamma
keywords: Adipose-derived stem cells; Muscle satellite cells; MyoD; Myostatin; PPARγ