title: Identification of strategies to facilitate organ donation among African Americans using the nominal group technique.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  African Americans are disproportionately affected by ESRD, but few receive a living donor kidney transplant. Surveys assessing attitudes toward donation have shown that African Americans are less likely to express a willingness to donate their own organs. Studies aimed at understanding factors that may facilitate the willingness of African Americans to become organ donors are needed.
  
  
  METHODS
  A novel formative research method was used (the nominal group technique) to identify and prioritize strategies for facilitating increases in organ donation among church-attending African Americans. Four nominal group technique panel interviews were convened (three community and one clergy). Each community panel represented a distinct local church; the clergy panel represented five distinct faith-based denominations. Before nominal group technique interviews, participants completed a questionnaire that assessed willingness to become a donor; 28 African-American adults (≥19 years old) participated in the study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In total, 66.7% of participants identified knowledge- or education-related strategies as most important strategies in facilitating willingness to become an organ donor, a view that was even more pronounced among clergy. Three of four nominal group technique panels rated a knowledge-based strategy as the most important and included strategies, such as information on donor involvement and donation-related risks; 29.6% of participants indicated that they disagreed with deceased donation, and 37% of participants disagreed with living donation. Community participants' reservations about becoming an organ donor were similar for living (38.1%) and deceased (33.4%) donation; in contrast, clergy participants were more likely to express reservations about living donation (33.3% versus 16.7%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data indicate a greater opposition to living donation compared with donation after one's death among African Americans and suggest that improving knowledge about organ donation, particularly with regard to donor involvement and donation-related risks, may facilitate increases in organ donation. Existing educational campaigns may fall short of meeting information needs of African Americans.
authors: Comprehensive Transplant Institute, jlocke@uabmc.edu.
authors: Jayme E
authors: JE
authors: Locke
authors: Department of Health Services Administration, and.
authors: Haiyan
authors: H
authors: Qu
authors: Department of Health Services Administration, and.
authors: Richard
authors: R
authors: Shewchuk
authors: Comprehensive Transplant Institute.
authors: Roslyn B
authors: RB
authors: Mannon
authors: Comprehensive Transplant Institute.
authors: Robert
authors: R
authors: Gaston
authors: Comprehensive Transplant Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; and.
authors: Dorry L
authors: DL
authors: Segev
authors: Department of Psychology, Wellesley College, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors: Elinor C
authors: EC
authors: Mannon
authors: Minority Health Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama;
authors: Michelle Y
authors: MY
authors: Martin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American / Q000523:psychology*; D000407:Alabama; D000533:Altruism; D001293:Attitude to Death / Q000208:ethnology; D032882:Comprehension; D003466:Cultural Characteristics; D005260:Female; D037921:Gift Giving; D006126:Group Processes; D015438:Health Behavior / Q000208:ethnology*; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice / Q000208:ethnology*; D057220:Health Literacy; D006801:Humans; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000523:psychology*; D019520:Living Donors / Q000523:psychology* / Q000600:supply & distribution; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017146:Models, Organizational; D010353:Patient Education as Topic; D012068:Religion and Medicine; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D009927:Tissue and Organ Procurement / Q000458:organization & administration*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: kidney donation; organ transplant; renal transplantation
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