title: Digital rectal examination skills: first training experiences, the motives and attitudes of standardized patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Physical clinical examination is a core clinical competence of medical doctors. In this regard, digital rectal examination (DRE) plays a central role in the detection of abnormalities of the anus and rectum. However, studies in undergraduate medical students as well as newly graduated doctors show that they are insufficiently prepared for performing DRE. Training units with Standardized Patients (SP) represent one method to deliver DRE skills. As yet, however, it is little known about SPs' attitudes.
  
  
  METHODS
  This is a qualitative study using a grounded theory approach. Interviews were conducted with 4 standardized patients about their experiences before, during and after structured SP training to deliver DRE competencies to medical students. The resulting data were subjected to thematic content analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Results show that SPs do not have any predominant motives for DRE program participation. They participate in the SP training sessions with relatively little prejudice and do not anticipate feeling highly vulnerable within teaching sessions with undergraduate medical students.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The current study examined SPs' motives, views, expectations and experiences regarding a DRE program during their first SP training experiences. The results enabled us to derive distinct action guidelines for the recruitment, informing and briefing of SPs who are willing to participate in a DRE program.
authors: Department of General Internal Medicine and Psychosomatics, University of Heidelberg, Medical Centre, Heidelberg, Germany. christoph.nikendei@med.uni-heidelberg.de.
authors: Christoph
authors: C
authors: Nikendei
authors: Department of General Internal Medicine and Psychosomatics, University of Heidelberg, Medical Centre, Heidelberg, Germany. k.diefenbacher@googlemail.com.
authors: Katja
authors: K
authors: Diefenbacher
authors: Department of General Internal Medicine and Psychosomatics, University of Heidelberg, Medical Centre, Heidelberg, Germany. nadja.koehl-hackert@med.uni-heidelberg.de.|Department of General Practice and Health Services Research, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany. nadja.koehl-hackert@med.uni-heidelberg.de.
authors: Nadja
authors: N
authors: Köhl-Hackert
authors: Department of General Internal Medicine and Psychosomatics, University of Heidelberg, Medical Centre, Heidelberg, Germany. heike.lauber@med.uni-heidelberg.de.
authors: Heike
authors: H
authors: Lauber
authors: Department of General Internal Medicine and Psychosomatics, University of Heidelberg, Medical Centre, Heidelberg, Germany. julia.huber@med.uni-heidelberg.de.
authors: Julia
authors: J
authors: Huber
authors: Department of Internal Medicine VI, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany. anne.herrmann-werner@med.uni-tuebingen.de.
authors: Anne
authors: A
authors: Herrmann-Werner
authors: Department of General Internal Medicine and Psychosomatics, University of Heidelberg, Medical Centre, Heidelberg, Germany. wolfgang.herzog@med.uni-heidelberg.de.
authors: Wolfgang
authors: W
authors: Herzog
authors: Department of General Internal Medicine and Psychosomatics, University of Heidelberg, Medical Centre, Heidelberg, Germany. jobst-hendrik.schultz@med.uni-heidelberg.de.
authors: Jobst-Hendrik
authors: JH
authors: Schultz
authors: Department of General Internal Medicine and Psychosomatics, University of Heidelberg, Medical Centre, Heidelberg, Germany. jana.juenger@med.uni-heidelberg.de.
authors: Jana
authors: J
authors: Jünger
authors: Department of Nephrology, University of Heidelberg, INF 162, 69115, Heidelberg, Germany. markus.krautter@med.uni-heidelberg.de.
authors: Markus
authors: M
authors: Krautter
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002983:Clinical Competence; D003479:Curriculum; D051517:Digital Rectal Examination / Q000523:psychology*; D004504:Education, Medical, Undergraduate; D004644:Emotions; D005260:Female; D066296:Grounded Theory; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009042:Motivation; D016544:Patient Simulation; D010865:Pilot Projects; D036301:Qualitative Research
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