title: Emerging clinical phenotypes associated with anti-cytokine autoantibodies.
abstract: Anti-cytokine autoantibodies (AAbs) are frequent and involve a very large panel of cytokines both in healthy subjects and in patients with various pathological conditions. In healthy individuals, anti-cytokine AAbs are described as a part of the natural AAb repertoire and are thought to contribute to the fine regulation of cytokine homeostasis. In some patients, neutralizing AAbs targeting cytokines required for the immune protection against specific microbes may induce acquired immunodeficiency leading to very specific infectious phenotypes. For instance, anti-IFNγ AAbs may induce disseminated non-tuberculous mycobacterial infections; anti-IL-17 AAbs are associated with the development of chronic mucosal candidiasis, and anti-IL-6 AAbs with severe staphylococcal or streptococcal infections. In patients with autoimmune diseases, AAbs directed against pathogenic cytokines are able to influence the course of the diseases. In lupus patients, neutralizing anti-IFNα and anti-TNFα AAbs are associated with a decreased bioactivity of the corresponding cytokine and a lower disease severity. Similarly, anti-IL-1α AAbs are associated with nondestructive forms of chronic polyarthritis. More surprisingly, neutralizing anti-BAFF AAbs are observed in the serum of lupus patients with elevated IFNα signature and higher disease activity. In this review, we summarize the current literature describing the different phenotypes and the main mechanisms associated with the occurrence of anti-cytokine AAbs.
authors: St Eloi Hospital, Department of Immunology, Montpellier University, CHRU de Montpellier, 80 avenue Augustin Fliche, 34295 Montpellier cedex 5, France; The Neuroscience Institute of Montpellier, INM, INSERM UMR1051, Saint Eloi Hospital, Montpellier, France. Electronic address: t-vincent@chu-montpellier.fr.
authors: Thierry
authors: T
authors: Vincent
authors: St Eloi Hospital, Department of Immunology, Montpellier University, CHRU de Montpellier, 80 avenue Augustin Fliche, 34295 Montpellier cedex 5, France.
authors: Maëlle
authors: M
authors: Plawecki
authors: St Eloi Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine, Montpellier University, CHRU de Montpellier, 80 avenue Augustin Fliche, 34295 Montpellier cedex 5, France.
authors: Radjiv
authors: R
authors: Goulabchand
authors: St Eloi Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine, Montpellier University, CHRU de Montpellier, 80 avenue Augustin Fliche, 34295 Montpellier cedex 5, France.
authors: Philippe
authors: P
authors: Guilpain
authors: St Eloi Hospital, Department of Immunology, Montpellier University, CHRU de Montpellier, 80 avenue Augustin Fliche, 34295 Montpellier cedex 5, France; INSERM U1194, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
authors: Jean François
authors: JF
authors: Eliaou
mesh_terms: D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000276:immunology*; D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000276:immunology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007153:Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes / Q000276:immunology; D010641:Phenotype; D013950:Thymus Gland / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D001323:Autoantibodies; D016207:Cytokines
keywords: Anti-cytokine; Autoantibodies; Autoimmune diseases; Immunodeficiency; Opportunistic infections