title: Elucidating the role of AII amacrine cells in glutamatergic retinal waves.
abstract: Spontaneous retinal activity mediated by glutamatergic neurotransmission-so-called "Stage 3" retinal waves-drives anti-correlated spiking in ON and OFF RGCs during the second week of postnatal development of the mouse. In the mature retina, the activity of a retinal interneuron called the AII amacrine cell is responsible for anti-correlated spiking in ON and OFF α-RGCs. In mature AIIs, membrane hyperpolarization elicits bursting behavior. Here, we postulated that bursting in AIIs underlies the initiation of glutamatergic retinal waves. We tested this hypothesis by using two-photon calcium imaging of spontaneous activity in populations of retinal neurons and by making whole-cell recordings from individual AIIs and α-RGCs in in vitro preparations of mouse retina. We found that AIIs participated in retinal waves, and that their activity was correlated with that of ON α-RGCs and anti-correlated with that of OFF α-RGCs. Though immature AIIs lacked the complement of membrane conductances necessary to generate bursting, pharmacological activation of the M-current, a conductance that modulates bursting in mature AIIs, blocked retinal wave generation. Interestingly, blockade of the pacemaker conductance Ih, a conductance absent in AIIs but present in both ON and OFF cone bipolar cells, caused a dramatic loss of spatial coherence of spontaneous activity. We conclude that during glutamatergic waves, AIIs act to coordinate and propagate activity generated by BCs rather than to initiate spontaneous activity.
authors: Vision Sciences Graduate Program, Department of Optometry and.
authors: Alana
authors: A
authors: Firl
authors: Department of Biology, University of Maryland College Park, College Park, Maryland 20742.
authors: Jiang-Bin
authors: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9364-0239
authors: JB
authors: Ke
authors: Department of Biology, University of Maryland College Park, College Park, Maryland 20742.
authors: Lei
authors: L
authors: Zhang
authors: Department of Biological Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho 83844, and.
authors: Peter G
authors: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1671-0926
authors: PG
authors: Fuerst
authors: Department of Biology, University of Maryland College Park, College Park, Maryland 20742.
authors: Joshua H
authors: JH
authors: Singer
authors: Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, and Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720 mfeller@berkeley.edu.
authors: Marla B
authors: MB
authors: Feller
mesh_terms: D000200:Action Potentials / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D000367:Age Factors; D025042:Amacrine Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D064200:Cdh1 Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D018691:Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000378:metabolism*; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D009124:Muscle Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D018408:Patch-Clamp Techniques; D011810:Quinoxalines / Q000494:pharmacology; D012160:Retina / Q000166:cytology* / Q000254:growth & development; D051245:Retinal Bipolar Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D044843:SKP Cullin F-Box Protein Ligases / Q000235:genetics; D014795:Visual Pathways / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D064200:Cdh1 Proteins; D018691:Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; C577585:Fzr1 protein, mouse; D009124:Muscle Proteins; D011810:Quinoxalines; C485184:enhanced green fluorescent protein; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins; D018698:Glutamic Acid; C056723:FG 9041; C486691:Fbxo32 protein, mouse; D044843:SKP Cullin F-Box Protein Ligases; D002118:Calcium
keywords: development; spontaneous activity; two-photon calcium imaging
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