title: Target-controlled infusion and population pharmacokinetics of landiolol hydrochloride in patients with peripheral arterial disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We previously determined the pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters of landiolol in healthy male volunteers and gynecological patients. In this study, we determined the PK parameters of landiolol in patients with peripheral arterial disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eight patients scheduled to undergo peripheral arterial surgery were enrolled in the study. After inducing anesthesia, landiolol hydrochloride was administered at target plasma concentrations of 500 and 1,000 ng/mL for 30 minutes each. A total of 112 data points of plasma concentration were collected from the patients and used for the population PK analysis. A population PK model was developed using a nonlinear mixed-effect modeling software program (NONMEM).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The patients had markedly decreased heart rates at 2 minutes after initiation of landiolol hydrochloride administration; however, systolic blood pressures were lower than the baseline values at only five time points. The concentration time course of landiolol was best described by a two-compartment model with lag time. The estimates of PK parameters were as follows: total body clearance, 30.7 mL/min/kg; distribution volume of the central compartment, 65.0 mL/kg; intercompartmental clearance, 48.3 mL/min/kg; distribution volume of the peripheral compartment, 54.4 mL/kg; and lag time, 0.633 minutes. The predictive performance of this model was better than that of the previous model.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The PK parameters of landiolol were best described by a two-compartment model with lag time. Distribution volume of the central compartment and total body clearance of landiolol in patients with peripheral arterial disease were approximately 64% and 84% of those in healthy volunteers, respectively.
authors: Surgical Operation Department, Asahikawa Medical University Hospital, Asahikawa, Japan.
authors: Takayuki
authors: T
authors: Kunisawa
authors: Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan.
authors: Akio
authors: A
authors: Yamagishi
authors: Department of Oncology Pharmaceutical Care and Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan.
authors: Manabu
authors: M
authors: Suno
authors: Pharmacokinetic Research Laboratories, Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan.
authors: Susumu
authors: S
authors: Nakade
authors: Pharmacokinetic Research Laboratories, Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan.
authors: Naoki
authors: N
authors: Honda
authors: Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan.
authors: Atsushi
authors: A
authors: Kurosawa
authors: Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan.
authors: Ami
authors: A
authors: Sugawara
authors: Department of Hospital Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan.
authors: Yoshikazu
authors: Y
authors: Tasaki
authors: Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan.
authors: Hiroshi
authors: H
authors: Iwasaki
keywords: PAD; TCI; landiolol hydrochloride; peripheral arterial disease; pharmacokinetic parameters; pharmacokinetics; target-controlled infusion
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