title: Health-related fitness profiles in adolescents with complex congenital heart disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study investigates whether subgroups of different health-related fitness (HrF) profiles exist among girls and boys with complex congenital heart disease (ConHD) and how these are associated with lifestyle behaviors.
  
  
  METHODS
  We measured the cardiorespiratory fitness, muscle strength, and body composition of 158 adolescents aged 13-16 years with previous surgery for a complex ConHD. Data on lifestyle behaviors were collected concomitantly between October 2010 and April 2013. A cluster analysis was conducted to identify profiles with similar HrF. For comparisons between clusters, multivariate analyses of covariance were used to test the differences in lifestyle behaviors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Three distinct profiles were formed: (1) Robust (43, 27%; 20 girls and 23 boys); (2) Moderately Robust (85, 54%; 37 girls and 48 boys); and (3) Less robust (30, 19%; 9 girls and 21 boys). The participants in the Robust clusters reported leading a physically active lifestyle and participants in the Less robust cluster reported leading a sedentary lifestyle. Diagnoses were evenly distributed between clusters.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The cluster analysis attributed some of the variability in cardiorespiratory fitness among adolescents with complex ConHD to lifestyle behaviors and physical activity. Profiling of HrF offers a valuable new option in the management of person-centered health promotion.
authors: Research Unit for Womens and Childrens Health, Juliane Marie Centre, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark. Electronic address: susanne.hwiid.klausen@regionh.dk.
authors: Susanne Hwiid
authors: SH
authors: Klausen
authors: Copenhagen Trial Unit, Centre for Clinical Intervention Research, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors: Jørn
authors: J
authors: Wetterslev
authors: Department of Cardiology, The Heart Centre, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors: Lars
authors: L
authors: Søndergaard
authors: National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors: Lars L
authors: LL
authors: Andersen
authors: Institute of Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery M, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors: Ulla Ramer
authors: UR
authors: Mikkelsen
authors: Institute of Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery M, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors: Kasper
authors: K
authors: Dideriksen
authors: Research Unit for Womens and Childrens Health, Juliane Marie Centre, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors: Vibeke
authors: V
authors: Zoffmann
authors: Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
authors: Philip
authors: P
authors: Moons
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001823:Body Composition / Q000502:physiology; D002319:Cardiovascular System / Q000503:physiopathology; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology; D006801:Humans; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D009043:Motor Activity; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D053580:Muscle Strength / Q000502:physiology; D010809:Physical Fitness; D012137:Respiratory System / Q000503:physiopathology
keywords: Adolescent; Cardiorespiratory fitness; Cluster analysis; Congenital; Gender; Health promotion; Health-related fitness; Heart defects; Lifestyle behaviors; Person-centered care