title: Association between subjective actual sleep duration, subjective sleep need, age, body mass index, and gender in a large sample of young adults.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Poor sleep is a major health concern, and there is evidence that young adults are at increased risk of suffering from poor sleep. There is also evidence that sleep duration can vary as a function of gender and body mass index (BMI). We sought to replicate these findings in a large sample of young adults, and also tested the hypothesis that a smaller gap between subjective sleep duration and subjective sleep need is associated with a greater feeling of being restored.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 2,929 university students (mean age 23.24±3.13 years, 69.1% female) took part in an Internet-based survey. They answered questions related to demographics and subjective sleep patterns.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found no gender differences in subjective sleep duration, subjective sleep need, BMI, age, or feeling of being restored. Nonlinear associations were observed between subjective sleep duration, BMI, and feeling of being restored. Moreover, a larger discrepancy between subjective actual sleep duration and subjective sleep need was associated with a lower feeling of being restored.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present pattern of results from a large sample of young adults suggests that males and females do not differ with respect to subjective sleep duration, BMI, or feeling of being restored. Moreover, nonlinear correlations seemed to provide a more accurate reflection of the relationship between subjective sleep and demographic variables.
authors: Psychiatric Clinics of the University of Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
authors: Nadeem
authors: N
authors: Kalak
authors: Psychiatric Clinics of the University of Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland ; Department of Sport and Health Science, Division of Sport Science, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
authors: Serge
authors: S
authors: Brand
authors: Psychiatric Clinics of the University of Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
authors: Johannes
authors: J
authors: Beck
authors: Psychiatric Clinics of the University of Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
authors: Edith
authors: E
authors: Holsboer-Trachsler
authors: Psychiatric Clinics of the University of Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland ; Asklepios Clinic North Ochsenzoll, Asklepios Campus Hamburg, Medical Faculty, Semmelweis University, Hamburg, Germany.
authors: M Axel
authors: MA
authors: Wollmer
keywords: Internet-based study; body mass index; subjective sleep duration; subjective sleep need; young adults
references: PLoS Med. 2004 Dec;1(3):e62
references: 15602591
references: J Biol Rhythms. 2013 Dec;28(6):425-31
references: 24336420
references: J Adolesc. 2013 Apr;36(2):311-8
references: 23317775
references: Nat Neurosci. 2011 Oct 09;14 (11):1418-20
references: 21983682
references: Emotion. 2012 Dec;12(6):1415-21
references: 22775124
references: Am Psychol. 2000 May;55(5):469-80
references: 10842426
references: Biometrika. 1947;34(1-2):28-35
references: 20287819
references: J Adolesc Health. 2005 Oct;37(4):289-95
references: 16182139
references: J Adolesc Health. 2010 Feb;46(2):124-32
references: 20113918
references: Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2010 May;42(5):893-901
references: 19997006
references: Lancet. 2001 Sep 22;358(9286):999-1005
references: 11583769
references: J Am Coll Health. 2014;62(8):534-41
references: 24933244
references: Neurol Clin. 1996 Nov;14(4):739-64
references: 8923493
references: Psychol Rev. 2008 Apr;115(2):291-313
references: 18426291
references: J Adolesc Health. 2014 Jun;54(6):691-7
references: 24361237
references: Obesity (Silver Spring). 2008 Mar;16(3):643-53
references: 18239586
references: Eur J Paediatr Neurol. 2010 Sep;14(5):380-90
references: 20554229
references: Obes Rev. 2008 Sep;9(5):474-88
references: 18331423
references: J Clin Sleep Med. 2014 Apr 15;10(4):391-6
references: 24733984
references: Am J Epidemiol. 2000 Jun 15;151(12):1172-81
references: 10905529
references: Int J Gen Med. 2011;4:425-42
references: 21731894
references: Emotion. 2010 Dec;10(6):831-41
references: 21058849
references: Prev Chronic Dis. 2007 Apr;4(2):A25
references: 17362616
references: Sleep. 2004 Nov 1;27(7):1255-73
references: 15586779
references: J Adolesc Health. 2005 Jan;36(1):70.e1-6
references: 15661601
references: Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2004 Jun;1021:276-91
references: 15251897
references: Eur J Neurosci. 2006 Apr;23(7):1738-46
references: 16623830
references: J Adolesc Health. 2010 Feb;46(2):133-41
references: 20113919
references: Sleep Med Rev. 2012 Jun;16(3):231-41
references: 21784678
references: Sleep. 2006 Jan;29(1):85-93
references: 16453985
references: Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2014 Jul 03;10:1199-207
references: 25061305
references: J Pediatr. 2014 Oct;165(4):750-4
references: 25066064
references: J Am Coll Health. 2001 Nov;50(3):131-5
references: 11765249
references: Sleep Med Rev. 2010 Jun;14(3):179-89
references: 20093054
references: Sleep. 1995 Dec;18(10):908-11
references: 8746400
references: BMC Pediatr. 2014 Aug 15;14:204
references: 25128481
references: Nat Sci Sleep. 2013 Dec 23;6:1-9
references: 24379734
references: Behav Sleep Med. 2013;11(5):321-7
references: 23286548
references: Sleep Med Rev. 2010 Aug;14(4):215-7
references: 20427211
references: Psychol Bull. 2009 Sep;135(5):731-48
references: 19702380
references: J Adolesc Health. 1998 Nov;23(5):259-63
references: 9814385
references: Sleep Med Rev. 2006 Oct;10(5):323-37
references: 16564189
references: Sleep Med. 2012 Dec;13(10):1271-9
references: 22832154
references: Sleep Med Rev. 2010 Aug;14(4):219-26
references: 20363166
references: Behav Sleep Med. 2011;9(2):107-16
references: 21491233
references: Sleep. 2004 Jun 15;27(4):661-6
references: 15283000
references: Sleep Med Rev. 2010 Aug;14(4):227-38
references: 20137989
references: J Clin Psychiatry. 2007 Sep;68(9):1426-35
references: 17915984
references: Nat Rev Neurosci. 2010 Feb;11(2):114-26
references: 20046194
references: Sleep Med Rev. 2001 Jun;5(3):237-246
references: 12530989
references: Obesity (Silver Spring). 2012 Jun;20(6):1279-87
references: 22282051
references: Paediatr Respir Rev. 2008 Jun;9(2):114-20; quiz 120-1
references: 18513671
references: J Adolesc Health. 2006 Apr;38(4):426-32
references: 16549304
references: J Epidemiol. 2014;24(5):404-9
references: 25088695
references: Neuropsychol Rev. 2011 Mar;21(1):5-21
references: 21225346
references: Sleep. 2002 Sep 15;25(6):606-14
references: 12224839
references: J Adolesc. 2012 Feb;35(1):97-105
references: 21733568
references: Pediatrics. 2003 Feb;111(2):302-7
references: 12563055
references: PLoS One. 2013 Aug 14;8(8):e71292
references: 23967186
references: Asian J Psychiatr. 2014 Jun;9:61-6
references: 24813039
references: Sleep Med. 2008 Jul;9(5):517-26
references: 17765011
references: Chronobiol Int. 2013 Aug;30(7):910-8
references: 23802177
references: Sleep. 2003 Mar 15;26(2):117-26
references: 12683469