title: Analysis of tissue and serum microRNA expression in patients with upper urinary tract urothelial cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  MicroRNAs play an important role in many human malignancies; so far, their expression remains to be studied in upper urinary tract urothelial cancer (UUTUC).
  
  
  METHODS
  The expression of eleven microRNAs (miR-10a, miR-21, miR-96, miR-135, miR-141, miR-182, miR-200b, miR-205, miR-429, miR-520b, miR-1244) formerly shown to be upregulated in urothelial bladder cancer were studied in corresponding normal and cancerous tissue samples of patients undergoing nephroureterectomy for UUTUC. Upregulated microRNAs were then measured in serum samples of patients with UUTUC and patients with non-malignant urological diseases to evaluate their potential as non-invasive biomarkers for UUTUC.
  
  
  RESULTS
  MicroRNA expression allowed differentiation of normal and cancerous tissue: miR-21, miR-96, miR-135, miR-141, miR-182, miR-205, miR-429 and miR-520b were significantly overexpressed. Furthermore, miR-205 was upregulated in poorly differentiated UUTUC. The analysis of circulating RNA in serum demonstrated an increase of miR-141 in patients with UUTUC; receiver operator characteristic analysis demonstrated an area under the curve of 0.726 for miR-141 as a diagnostic biomarker. Furthermore, we observed lower levels of miR-10a and miR-135 in UUTUC patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MicroRNA expression is altered in UUTUC. The analysis of circulating miR-141 may be useful to identify patients with UUTUC.
authors: Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Klinik und Poliklinik für Urologie und Kinderurologie, Bonn, Germany.
authors: Stephanie
authors: S
authors: Kriebel
authors: Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Klinik und Poliklinik für Urologie und Kinderurologie, Bonn, Germany.
authors: Doris
authors: D
authors: Schmidt
authors: Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Institut für Klinische Chemie und Klinische Pharmakologie, Bonn, Germany.
authors: Stefan
authors: S
authors: Holdenrieder
authors: Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Institut für Pathologie, Bonn, Germany.
authors: Diane
authors: D
authors: Goltz
authors: Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Institut für Pathologie, Bonn, Germany.
authors: Glen
authors: G
authors: Kristiansen
authors: Universitätsklinikum Münster, Klinik für Urologie, Münster, Germany.
authors: Rudolf
authors: R
authors: Moritz
authors: Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Klinik und Poliklinik für Urologie und Kinderurologie, Bonn, Germany.
authors: Christian
authors: C
authors: Fisang
authors: Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Klinik und Poliklinik für Urologie und Kinderurologie, Bonn, Germany.
authors: Stefan C
authors: SC
authors: Müller
authors: Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Klinik und Poliklinik für Urologie und Kinderurologie, Bonn, Germany.
authors: Jörg
authors: J
authors: Ellinger
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D002295:Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008875:Middle Aged; D015854:Up-Regulation; D014551:Urinary Tract / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D014571:Urologic Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D019459:Urothelium / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D035683:MicroRNAs
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