title: Heterogeneity of Multiple Sclerosis White Matter Lesions Detected With T2*-Weighted Imaging at 7.0 Tesla.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Postmortem studies in multiple sclerosis (MS) indicate that in some white matter lesions (WM-Ls), iron is detectable with T2*-weighted (T2*-w), and its reciprocal R2* relaxation rate, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at 7.0 Tesla (7T). This iron appears as a hyperintense rim in R2* images surrounding a hypointense core. We describe how this observation relates to clinical/radiological characteristics of patients, in vivo.
  
  
  METHODS
  We imaged 16 MS patients using 3T and 7T scanners. WM-Ls were identified on T1-w / T2-w 3T-MRIs. Thereafter, WM-Ls with a rim of elevated R2* at 7T were counted and compared to their appearance on conventional MRIs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We counted 36 WM-Ls presenting a rim of elevated R2* in 10 patients. Twenty-three (64%) lesions coincided with focal WM-Ls on T2-w MRIs; 13 (36%) coincided with only portions of larger lesions on T2-w images; and 20 (56%) corresponded to a hypointense chronic black hole. WM-Ls presenting a rim of elevated R2* were seen in both relapsing-remitting patients with low disability and in those with long-standing secondary progressive MS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  WM-Ls with a contour of high R2* are present at different MS stages, potentially representing differences in the contribution of iron in MS disease evolution.
authors: Advanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging Section Laboratory of Functional and Molecular Imaging, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NIH, Bethesda, MD.|Neuroimaging Center, Kessler Foundation, West Orange, NJ.
authors: Bing
authors: B
authors: Yao
authors: Neuroimmunology Branch, NINDS, NIH, Bethesda, MD.|Department of Bioengineering, Volgenau School of Engineering, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA.
authors: Vasiliki N
authors: VN
authors: Ikonomidou
authors: Neuroimmunology Branch, NINDS, NIH, Bethesda, MD.
authors: Fredric K
authors: FK
authors: Cantor
authors: Neuroimmunology Branch, NINDS, NIH, Bethesda, MD.
authors: Joan M
authors: JM
authors: Ohayon
authors: Advanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging Section Laboratory of Functional and Molecular Imaging, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NIH, Bethesda, MD.
authors: Jeff
authors: J
authors: Duyn
authors: Neuroimmunology Branch, NINDS, NIH, Bethesda, MD.|Neurology Department, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD.
authors: Francesca
authors: F
authors: Bagnato
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology*; D056324:Diffusion Tensor Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000473:pathology*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D066127:White Matter / Q000473:pathology*
keywords: 7.0 tesla; Multiple sclerosis; T2*-weighted; iron; magnetic resonance imaging
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