title: Phytotoxicity assessment on corn stover biochar, derived from fast pyrolysis, based on seed germination, early growth, and potential plant cell damage.
abstract: The potential phytotoxicity of water extractable toxicants in a typical corn stover biochar, the product of fast pyrolysis, was investigated using an aqueous biochar extract on a soil-less bioassay with tomato plants. The biochar dosage of 0.0-16.0 g beaker(-1) resulted in an inverted U-shaped dose-response relationship between biochar doasage and seed germination/seedling growth. This indicated that tomato growth was slightly stimulated by low dosages of biochar and inhibited with higher dosages of biochar. Additionally, antioxidant enzyme activities in the roots and leaves were enhanced at lower dosages, but rapidly decreased with higher dosages of biochar. With the increased dosages of biochar, the malondialdehyde content in the roots and leaves increased, in addition with the observed morphology of necrotic root cells, suggesting that serious damage to tomato seedlings occurred. EC50 of root length inhibition occurred with biochar dosages of 9.2 g beaker(-1) (3.5th day) and 16.7 g beaker(-1) (11th day) (equivalent to 82.8 and 150.3 t ha(-1), respectively), which implied that toxicity to the early growth of tomato can potentially be alleviated as the plant grows.
authors: Institute of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University-Chengdu Campus, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, People's Republic of China.
authors: Yang
authors: Y
authors: Li
authors: Fei
authors: F
authors: Shen
authors: Haiyan
authors: H
authors: Guo
authors: Zhanghong
authors: Z
authors: Wang
authors: Gang
authors: G
authors: Yang
authors: Lilin
authors: L
authors: Wang
authors: Yanzong
authors: Y
authors: Zhang
authors: Yongmei
authors: Y
authors: Zeng
authors: Shihuai
authors: S
authors: Deng
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D002606:Charcoal / Q000633:toxicity*; D018525:Germination / Q000187:drug effects*; D018527:Hydroponics; D017745:Incineration; D018551:Solanum lycopersicum / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development*; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D059828:Plant Cells / Q000187:drug effects*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D012639:Seeds / Q000187:drug effects*; D003313:Zea mays / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; C540010:biochar; D002606:Charcoal; D008315:Malondialdehyde
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