title: Measuring sleep disturbances in patients with alcohol use disorders: a short questionnaire suitable for routine practice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Sleep disturbance constitutes a major risk factor for drinking relapse after alcohol withdrawal and necessitates regular follow-up. We reported previously that the sum-score of the 4 sleep items of the Hamilton Anxiety and Depression Scales (the Short Sleep Index [SSI]) constitutes a valid and simple sleep measurement tool. The objective of this study was to evaluate the psychometric features of the SSI relative to the lengthier Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), which is widely used for measuring sleep disturbance in patients with alcohol use disorders during and after alcohol withdrawal.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this French, multicenter, cross-sectional survey, alcoholic patients were recruited in 2 academic hospitals and 1 community treatment center. Demographic data, alcohol history, and current consumption of alcohol and other abused substances were documented. The SSI and the PSQI questionnaires were completed in face-to-face interviews by a trained clinical research associate.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 257 patients were studied (88 females), with a mean age of 49 years (range: 24-80 years). The prevalence of sleep disturbance as measured by the PSQI and the SSI was 73.5% and 74.3%, respectively. The correlation between the 2 indices was strong (r = 0.764; 95% CI: 0.709-0.811), with negative and positive predictive values for the SSI (score > 1) of 71.2% and 89%, respectively, and an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.91 (95% CI: 0.85-0.92). The discriminant and convergent validity of the SSI was found to be noninferior to the PSQI.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Compared to the PSQI, the SSI represents a quick, quantifiable, and reliable method that could help clinicians assess and manage sleep disturbance in alcoholic patients.
authors: From the Addiction Service (PP), Caremeau Hospital, Place du Pr Debré, CHU, Nîmes, France; University of Montpellier 1 (PP, HR), France; Department of Addiction and Internal Medicine (HR), CHU Montpellier, France; The Scripps Research Institute (BM), La Jolla, CA; Univ. Grenoble Alpes (MD), HP2, F-38000 Grenoble, France; INSERM (MD), HP2, U1042, F-38000 Grenoble, France; CHU de Grenoble (MD), Department of Addiction Medicine, HP2, F-38000 Grenoble, France; Faculty of Medicine (PL), University of Melbourne, Australia; and Faculty of Economics (PL), Louvain University, Belgium.
authors: Pascal
authors: P
authors: Perney
authors: Hélène
authors: H
authors: Rigole
authors: Barbara
authors: B
authors: Mason
authors: Maurice
authors: M
authors: Dematteis
authors: Philippe
authors: P
authors: Lehert
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011594:Psychometrics; D007319:Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D055815:Young Adult