title: Effect of zinc supplementation on ecto-adenosine deaminase activity in lambs infected by Haemonchus contortus: highlights on acute phase of disease.
abstract: Haemonchus contortus (order Strongylida) is a common parasitic nematode infecting small ruminants and causing significant economic losses worldwide. It induces innate and adaptive immune responses, which are essential for the clearance of this nematode from the host. Ecto-adenosine deaminase (E-ADA) is an enzyme that plays an important role in the immune system, while Zinc (Zn) has been found playing a critical role in E-ADA catalysis. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the effect of Zn supplementation on E-ADA activity in serum of lambs experimentally infected with H.contortus. To reach this purpose 28 male lambs (in average 25 kg) were used. The animals were divided into four groups: A and B composed of healthy animals (uninfected); C and D, infected with H.contortus. Groups B and D were supplemented with Zn Edetate, subcutaneously with 3 mg kg of live weight, on days 11 and 25 post-infection (PI). Blood and fecal samples were collected on the days 11, 25 and 39 PI, in order to assess hematocrit, seric E-ADA, and eggs per gram (EPG) counting, respectively. The animals of groups C and D showed severe hematocrit reduction (days 25 and 39 PI) and were EPG positive (days 11, 25 and 39 PI). On day 41 PI, three animals each group were subjected to necropsy. This procedure showed that animals of groups A and B did not have helminths in abomasum and intestines, while H.contortus were observed in groups C (5782.5 ± 810.9) and D (6185.0 ± 150.0). Infected and untreated animals (group C) showed a reduction in E-ADA activity, but this was not observed when the animals were supplemented with Zn (Group D). Therefore, based on our results, it was possible to observe that Zn supplementation exercised a positive effect on E-ADA activity in lambs infected with H.contortus, and did not allow a reduction in E-ADA activity, as occurred in the group infected and without supplementation. However, Zn supplementation was not able to prevent the worm burden.
authors: Farmacology of Graduate Program, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
authors: Matheus D
authors: MD
authors: Baldissera
authors: Laboratory of Animal Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Large Animal Clinical, Hospital Veterinário Universitário, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
authors: Felipe L
authors: FL
authors: Pivoto
authors: Toxicological Biochemistry of Graduate Program, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
authors: Nathieli B
authors: NB
authors: Bottari
authors: Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
authors: Alexandre A
authors: AA
authors: Tonin
authors: Veterinary Epidemiology Laboratory, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
authors: Gustavo
authors: G
authors: Machado
authors: Laboratory of Animal Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Large Animal Clinical, Hospital Veterinário Universitário, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
authors: Adelina R
authors: AR
authors: Aires
authors: Laboratory of Animal Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Large Animal Clinical, Hospital Veterinário Universitário, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
authors: José F X
authors: JF
authors: Rocha
authors: Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
authors: Luana P
authors: LP
authors: Pelinson
authors: Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
authors: Diéssica P
authors: DP
authors: Dalenogare
authors: Toxicological Biochemistry of Graduate Program, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
authors: Maria Rosa C
authors: MR
authors: Schetinger
authors: Toxicological Biochemistry of Graduate Program, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
authors: Vera M
authors: VM
authors: Morsch
authors: Laboratory of Animal Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Large Animal Clinical, Hospital Veterinário Universitário, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
authors: Marta L R
authors: ML
authors: Leal
authors: Toxicological Biochemistry of Graduate Program, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Department of Animal Science, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Chapecó, SC, Brazil. Electronic address: aleksandro_ss@yahoo.com.br.
authors: Aleksandro S
authors: AS
authors: Da Silva
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000243:Adenosine Deaminase / Q000097:blood*; D000740:Anemia / Q000469:parasitology / Q000662:veterinary; D000818:Animals; D005243:Feces / Q000469:parasitology; D006188:Haemonchiasis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000201:enzymology / Q000662:veterinary*; D006400:Hematocrit / Q000662:veterinary; D007422:Intestines / Q000469:parasitology; D008297:Male; D010270:Parasite Egg Count / Q000662:veterinary; D012756:Sheep; D012757:Sheep Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000201:enzymology / Q000469:parasitology*; D015032:Zinc / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D000243:Adenosine Deaminase; D015032:Zinc
keywords: E-ADA; Mineral supplementation; Sheep; Strongylida