title: Scutellariae radix induces apoptosis in chemoresistant SCC-25 human tongue squamous carcinoma cells.
abstract: Scutellariae radix is one of the most widely used anticancer herbal medicines in several Asian countries, including Korea, Japan, and China. Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is one of the most common head and neck carcinomas, which is highly invasive and metastatic, and can potentially develop chemoresistance. Therefore, new effective treatment methods are urgently needed. We determined the effects of Scutellariae radix on SCC-25 cells using the WST-1 assay, F-actin staining, flow cytometry analysis, immunofluorescence staining, and western blot analysis. Scutellariae radix treatment inhibited SCC-25 cell growth in a dose- and time-dependent manner, but it did not inhibit HaCaT (human keratinocyte) cell growth. Changes in cell morphology and disruption of filamentous (F)-actin organization were observed. Scutellariae radix-induced apoptosis as indicated by the translocation of cytochrome c and apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) into the nucleus and cytosol. Scutellariae radix-induced an increase in cells with sub-G1 DNA content, and increased Bax, cleaved caspase-3, caspase-7, caspase-9, DNA fragmentation factor 45 (DFF 45), and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) expression levels. Furthermore, increased expression of phosphorylated mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-related proteins was detected. The antitumor effect of Scutellariae radix was due to decreased cell proliferation, changes in cell morphology, and the activation of caspase and MAPK pathways. Taken together, the findings of this study highlight the anticancer activity of Scutellariae radix in chemoresistant SCC-25 oral squamous carcinoma cells.
authors: Department of Oral Anatomy, Pusan National University, Yangsan 626-870, Republic of Korea.
authors: Byul-Bora
authors: BB
authors: Choi
authors: Jeong Hae
authors: JH
authors: Choi
authors: Sang-Rye
authors: SR
authors: Park
authors: Ji-Young
authors: JY
authors: Kim
authors: Jin-Woo
authors: JW
authors: Hong
authors: Gyoo-Cheon
authors: GC
authors: Kim
mesh_terms: D000199:Actins / Q000378:metabolism; D021581:Active Transport, Cell Nucleus / Q000187:drug effects; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics*; D051033:Apoptosis Inducing Factor / Q000378:metabolism; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D020169:Caspases / Q000378:metabolism; D045304:Cytochromes c / Q000378:metabolism; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; D006801:Humans; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D031364:Scutellaria baicalensis / Q000737:chemistry*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D014062:Tongue Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D000199:Actins; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D051033:Apoptosis Inducing Factor; D010936:Plant Extracts; D045304:Cytochromes c; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D020169:Caspases
keywords: Apoptosis; Caspase; MAPK; Scutellariae radix; Squamous Cell Carcinoma