title: Positive Psychotherapy for Smoking Cessation: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Greater depressive symptoms and low positive affect (PA) are associated with poor smoking cessation outcomes. Smoking cessation approaches that incorporate a focus on PA may benefit smokers trying to quit. The purpose of this study was to conduct a pilot randomized clinical trial to compare standard smoking cessation treatment (ST) with smoking cessation treatment that targets positive affect, termed positive psychotherapy for smoking cessation (PPT-S).
  
  
  METHODS
  Smokers who were seeking smoking cessation treatment were assigned by urn randomization to receive, along with 8 weeks of nicotine replacement therapy, either ST (n = 31) or PPT-S (n = 35). Seven-day point prevalence smoking abstinence was biochemically confirmed at 8, 16, and 26 weeks.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared to ST, a greater percentage of participants in PPT-S were abstinent at 8 weeks, 16 weeks, and 26 weeks, but these differences were nonsignificant. In a more statistically powerful longitudinal model, participants in PPT-S had a significantly higher odds of abstinence (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 2.75; 95% CI = 1.02, 7.42; p = .046) across follow-ups compared to those in ST. The positive effect of PPT-S was stronger for those higher in PA (OR = 6.69, 95% CI = 1.16, 38.47, p = .03). Greater use of PPT-S strategies during the initial 8 weeks of quitting was associated with a less steep decline in smoking abstinence rates over time (OR = 2.64, 95% CI = 1.06, 6.56, p =.04).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This trial suggests substantial promise for incorporating PPT into smoking cessation treatment.
authors: Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies and the Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI; christopher_kahler@brown.edu.
authors: Christopher W
authors: CW
authors: Kahler
authors: Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies and the Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI;
authors: Nichea S
authors: NS
authors: Spillane
authors: Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies and the Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI;
authors: Anne M
authors: AM
authors: Day
authors: Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies and the Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI;
authors: Patricia A
authors: PA
authors: Cioe
authors: Department of Psychology, Hiram College, Hiram, OH;
authors: Acacia
authors: A
authors: Parks
authors: Departments of Preventive Medicine and Psychology, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA;
authors: Adam M
authors: AM
authors: Leventhal
authors: School of Nursing, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX.
authors: Richard A
authors: RA
authors: Brown
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003376:Counseling; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011613:Psychotherapy; D012907:Smoking / Q000628:therapy*; D016540:Smoking Cessation / Q000379:methods*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
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