title: Generation of reactive oxygen species by lethal attacks from competing microbes.
abstract: Whether antibiotics induce the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that contribute to cell death is an important yet controversial topic. Here, we report that lethal attacks from bacterial and viral species also result in ROS production in target cells. Using soxS as an ROS reporter, we found soxS was highly induced in Escherichia coli exposed to various forms of attacks mediated by the type VI secretion system (T6SS), P1vir phage, and polymyxin B. Using a fluorescence ROS probe, we found enhanced ROS levels correlate with induced soxS in E. coli expressing a toxic T6SS antibacterial effector and in E. coli treated with P1vir phage or polymyxin B. We conclude that both contact-dependent and contact-independent interactions with aggressive competing bacterial species and viruses can induce production of ROS in E. coli target cells.
authors: Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases and Department of Ecosystem and Public Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada T2N 4Z6; and tdong@ucalgary.ca john_mekalanos@hms.harvard.edu.
authors: Tao G
authors: TG
authors: Dong
authors: Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases and Department of Ecosystem and Public Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada T2N 4Z6; and.
authors: Shiqi
authors: S
authors: Dong
authors: Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases and Department of Ecosystem and Public Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada T2N 4Z6; and.
authors: Christy
authors: C
authors: Catalano
authors: Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases and Department of Ecosystem and Public Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada T2N 4Z6; and.
authors: Richard
authors: R
authors: Moore
authors: Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases and Department of Ecosystem and Public Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada T2N 4Z6; and.
authors: Xiaoye
authors: X
authors: Liang
authors: Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 tdong@ucalgary.ca john_mekalanos@hms.harvard.edu.
authors: John J
authors: JJ
authors: Mekalanos
mesh_terms: D001435:Bacteriophages / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism*; D014734:Vibrio cholerae / Q000821:virology
chemical_list: D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species
keywords: T6SS; antibiotics; interspecies competition; phage; reactive oxygen species
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