title: Pain frequency moderates the relationship between pain catastrophizing and pain.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Pain frequency has been shown to influence sensitization, psychological distress, and pain modulation. The present study examined if pain frequency moderates the relationship between pain catastrophizing and pain.
  
  
  METHODS
  A non-clinical (247 students) and a clinical (223 pain patients) sample completed the Danish versions of the Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS), Beck Depression Inventory, and the State Trait Anxiety Inventory and rated pain intensity, unpleasantness and frequency.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In both samples, high pain frequency was found to moderate the association between pain catastrophizing and pain intensity, whereas low pain frequency did not. The psychometric properties and the factor structure of the Danish version of the PCS were confirmed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is the first study to validate the Danish version of the PCS and to show that pain frequency moderates the relationship between pain catastrophizing and reported pain in both non-clinical and clinical populations.
authors: Department of Psychology and Behavioural Sciences, School of Business and Social Sciences, Aarhus University Aarhus, Denmark ; MindLab, Center for Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Aarhus University Hospital Aarhus, Denmark.
authors: Heidi
authors: H
authors: Kjøgx
authors: Unit for Psychooncology and Health Psychology, Department of Oncology, Aarhus University Hospital and Department of Psychology and Behavioural Science, Aarhus University Aarhus, Denmark.
authors: Robert
authors: R
authors: Zachariae
authors: Department of Rheumatology, Aarhus University Hospital Aarhus, Denmark.
authors: Mogens
authors: M
authors: Pfeiffer-Jensen
authors: Department of Neurology, Aarhus University Hospital Aarhus, Denmark.
authors: Helge
authors: H
authors: Kasch
authors: MindLab, Center for Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Aarhus University Hospital Aarhus, Denmark ; Section of Clinical Oral Physiology, School of Dentistry, Aarhus University Aarhus, Denmark.
authors: Peter
authors: P
authors: Svensson
authors: Department of Neurology, Aarhus University Hospital Aarhus, Denmark ; Danish Pain Research Center, Aarhus University Hospital Aarhus, Denmark.
authors: Troels S
authors: TS
authors: Jensen
authors: Department of Psychology and Behavioural Sciences, School of Business and Social Sciences, Aarhus University Aarhus, Denmark ; MindLab, Center for Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Aarhus University Hospital Aarhus, Denmark.
authors: Lene
authors: L
authors: Vase
keywords: anxiety; danish validation; depression; frequency; pain catastrophizing scale
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