title: Protective effect of Aronia melanocarpa polyphenols against cadmium-induced disorders in bone metabolism: a study in a rat model of lifetime human exposure to this heavy metal.
abstract: It was investigated, in a female rat model of low and moderate lifetime human exposure to cadmium (Cd), whether polyphenols from Aronia melanocarpa berries (chokeberry; AMP) may offer protection from this heavy metal-induced disorders in bone metabolism. For this purpose, numerous indices of bone formation (osteocalcin, alkaline phosphatase, osteoprotegerin) and resorption (carboxy-terminal cross-linking telopeptides of type I collagen, soluble receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand) in the serum and/or distal femur epiphysis (trabecular bone region), as well as bone mineral status (volumetric bone mineral density of the femur and content of mineral components, including calcium, in the bone tissue at the distal femur epiphysis) were evaluated in female Wistar rats that received a 0.1% aqueous extract of AMP, as the only drinking fluid (prepared from lyophilized extract by Adamed Consumer Healthcare), and/or Cd in diet (1 and 5mg/kg) for 3, 10, 17, and 24 months. Examination of the phytochemical profile of the aronia extract revealed high content of polyphenols (612.40 ± 3.33 mg/g), including anthocyanins, proanthocyanidins, phenolic acids, and flavonoids. Among detected compounds anthocyanins were identified as dominating. The exposure to Cd, dose- and duration-dependently, enhanced resorption and inhibited formation of the bone tissue resulting in its decreased mineralization. The administration of AMP under the exposure to 1 and 5 mgCd/kg diet provided important protection from this heavy metal-induced disturbances in the bone turnover and changes in the bone mineral status, and the beneficial impact of polyphenols resulted from their independent action and interaction with Cd. These findings suggest that consumption of Aronia melanocarpa polyphenols may play a role in prevention against female skeleton damage due to chronic exposure to Cd and that chokeberry represents the good natural plant candidate for further investigations of its prophylactic use under environmental exposure to this heavy metal.
authors: Department of Toxicology, Medical University of Bialystok, Adama Mickiewicza 2C street, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland. Electronic address: malgorzata.brzoska@umb.edu.pl.
authors: Malgorzata M
authors: MM
authors: Brzóska
authors: Department of Toxicology, Medical University of Bialystok, Adama Mickiewicza 2C street, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland.
authors: Joanna
authors: J
authors: Rogalska
authors: Department of Toxicology, Medical University of Bialystok, Adama Mickiewicza 2C street, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland.
authors: Malgorzata
authors: M
authors: Galazyn-Sidorczuk
authors: Department of Toxicology, Medical University of Bialystok, Adama Mickiewicza 2C street, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland.
authors: Maria
authors: M
authors: Jurczuk
authors: Department of Toxicology, Medical University of Bialystok, Adama Mickiewicza 2C street, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland.
authors: Alicja
authors: A
authors: Roszczenko
authors: Department of Pharmacognosy, Medical University of Bialystok, Adama Mickiewicza 2A street, 15-230 Bialystok, Poland.
authors: Michal
authors: M
authors: Tomczyk
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015519:Bone Density / Q000187:drug effects; D001851:Bone Diseases, Metabolic / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D002104:Cadmium / Q000633:toxicity*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D046936:Photinia / Q000737:chemistry; D059808:Polyphenols / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D020011:Protective Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D059808:Polyphenols; D020011:Protective Agents; D002104:Cadmium
keywords: Aronia melanocarpa; Bone metabolism; Cadmium; Polyphenols; Protection; Rat