title: Low inappropriate shock rates in patients with single- and dual/triple-chamber implantable cardioverter-defibrillators using a novel suite of detection algorithms: PainFree SST trial primary results.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The benefits of implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs) have been well demonstrated in many clinical trials, and ICD shocks for ventricular tachyarrhythmias save lives. However, inappropriate and unnecessary shock delivery remains a significant clinical issue with considerable consequences for patients and the healthcare system.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of the PainFree SmartShock Technology (SST) study was to investigate new-generation ICDs to reduce inappropriate and unnecessary shocks through novel discrimination algorithms with modern programming strategies.
  
  
  METHODS
  This prospective, multicenter clinical trial enrolled 2790 patients with approved indication for ICD implantation (79% male, mean age 65 years; 69% primary prevention indication, 27% single-chamber ICD, 33% replacement or upgrade). Patients were followed for a minimum of 12 months, and mean follow-up was 22 months. The primary end-point of the study was the percentage of patients remaining free of inappropriate shocks at 1 year postimplant, analyzed separately for dual/triple-chamber ICDs (N = 2019) and single-chamber ICDs (N = 751).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The inappropriate shock rate at 1 year was 1.5% for patients with dual/triple-chamber ICDs and 2.5% for patients with single-chamber devices. Two years postimplant, the inappropriate shock rate was 2.8% for patients with dual-/triple chamber ICDs and 3.7% for those with single-chamber ICDs. The most common cause of an inappropriate shock in both groups was atrial fibrillation or flutter.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In a large patient cohort receiving ICDs for primary or secondary prevention, the adoption of novel enhanced detection algorithms in conjunction with routine implementation of modern programming strategies led to a very low inappropriate shock rate.
authors: Fondazione Cardiocentro Ticino, Lugano, Switzerland. Electronic address: angelo.auricchio@cardiocentro.org.
authors: Angelo
authors: A
authors: Auricchio
authors: The Christ Hospital/The Ohio Heart & Vascular Center, Cincinnati, Ohio.
authors: Edward J
authors: EJ
authors: Schloss
authors: Kinki University School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.
authors: Takashi
authors: T
authors: Kurita
authors: Catharina Ziekenhuis, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
authors: Albert
authors: A
authors: Meijer
authors: Medtronic Bakken Research Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
authors: Bart
authors: B
authors: Gerritse
authors: Hartford Hospital, Hartford, Connecticut.
authors: Steven
authors: S
authors: Zweibel
authors: Prince Salman Heart Centre-King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors: Faisal M
authors: FM
authors: AlSmadi
authors: University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
authors: Charles T
authors: CT
authors: Leng
authors: Royal Jubilee Hospital, Victoria, Canada.
authors: Laurence D
authors: LD
authors: Sterns
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000465:Algorithms; D016757:Death, Sudden, Cardiac / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D017147:Defibrillators, Implantable / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004554:Electric Countershock / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010146:Pain / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D011322:Primary Prevention; D017180:Tachycardia, Ventricular / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: Atrial fibrillation; Cardiac resynchronization therapy; Heart failure; Implantable cardioverter-defibrillator; Inappropriate shock