title: Diversity in (p)ppGpp metabolism and effectors.
abstract: Bacteria produce guanosine tetraphosphate and pentaphosphate, collectively named (p)ppGpp, in response to a variety of environmental stimuli. These two remarkable molecules regulate many cellular processes, including the central dogma processes and metabolism, to ensure survival and adaptation. Work in Escherichia coli laid the foundation for understanding the molecular details of (p)ppGpp and its cellular functions. As recent studies expand to other species, it is apparent that there exists considerable variation, with respect to not only (p)ppGpp metabolism, but also to its mechanism of action. From an evolutionary standpoint, this diversification is an elegant example of how different species adapt a particular regulatory network to their diverse lifestyles.
authors: Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
authors: Kuanqing
authors: K
authors: Liu
authors: Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
authors: Alycia N
authors: AN
authors: Bittner
authors: Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA. Electronic address: wang@bact.wisc.edu.
authors: Jue D
authors: JD
authors: Wang
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological; D001419:Bacteria / Q000378:metabolism*; D004352:Drug Resistance, Microbial; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000378:metabolism*; D006159:Guanosine Tetraphosphate / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D006159:Guanosine Tetraphosphate
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