title: Induction of morphological changes in death-induced cancer cells monitored by holographic microscopy.
abstract: We are using the label-free technique of holographic microscopy to analyze cellular parameters including cell number, confluence, cellular volume and area directly in the cell culture environment. We show that death-induced cells can be distinguished from untreated counterparts by the use of holographic microscopy, and we demonstrate its capability for cell death assessment. Morphological analysis of two representative cell lines (L929 and DU145) was performed in the culture flasks without any prior cell detachment. The two cell lines were treated with the anti-tumour agent etoposide for 1-3days. Measurements by holographic microscopy showed significant differences in average cell number, confluence, volume and area when comparing etoposide-treated with untreated cells. The cell volume of the treated cell lines was initially increased at early time-points. By time, cells decreased in volume, especially when treated with high doses of etoposide. In conclusion, we have shown that holographic microscopy allows label-free and completely non-invasive morphological measurements of cell growth, viability and death. Future applications could include real-time monitoring of these holographic microscopy parameters in cells in response to clinically relevant compounds.
authors: Department of Biomedical Science, Health and Society, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden.
authors: Zahra
authors: Z
authors: El-Schich
authors: Phase Holographic Imaging AB, Lund, Sweden.
authors: Anna
authors: A
authors: Mölder
authors: Department of Natural Science, Kristianstad University, Kristianstad, Sweden.
authors: Helena
authors: H
authors: Tassidis
authors: Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
authors: Pirkko
authors: P
authors: Härkönen
authors: Department of Biomedical Science, Health and Society, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden.
authors: Maria
authors: M
authors: Falck Miniotis
authors: Department of Biomedical Science, Health and Society, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden. Electronic address: anette.gjorloff-wingren@mah.se.
authors: Anette
authors: A
authors: Gjörloff Wingren
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016923:Cell Death / Q000187:drug effects; D002460:Cell Line; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D048429:Cell Size; D002470:Cell Survival; D005047:Etoposide / Q000494:pharmacology; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000166:cytology*; D006696:Holography / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008853:Microscopy / Q000379:methods*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D005047:Etoposide
keywords: Cell death; Cell morphology; Digital holographic microscopy; Imaging; Viability; Volume