title: Removal of nutrients from septic tank effluent with baffle subsurface-flow constructed wetlands.
abstract: Three new baffle flow constructed wetlands (CWs), namely the baffle horizontal flow CW (Z1), baffle vertical flow CW (Z2) and baffle hybrid flow CW (Z3), along with one traditional horizontal subsurface flow CW (Z4) were designed to test the removal efficiency of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) from the septic tank effluent under varying hydraulic retention times (HRTs). Results showed that the optimal HRT was two days for maximal removal of N and P from the septic tank effluent among the four CWs. At this HRT, the Z1, Z2, Z3 and Z4 CWs removed, respectively, 49.93, 58.50, 46.01 and 44.44% of TN as well as 87.82, 93.23, 95.97 and 91.30% of TP. Our study further revealed that the Z3 CW was the best design for overall removal of N and P from the septic tank effluent due to its hybrid flow directions with better oxygen supply inside the CW system.
authors: College of Natural Resource & Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China. Electronic address: Lihcui@scau.edu.cn.
authors: Lihua
authors: L
authors: Cui
authors: USDA Forest Service, Center for Bottomland Hardwoods Research, 775 Stone Blvd., Thompson Hall, Room 309, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA.
authors: Ying
authors: Y
authors: Ouyang
authors: Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, Cleantech One, 637141 Singapore, Singapore.
authors: Weizhi
authors: W
authors: Yang
authors: College of Natural Resource & Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
authors: Zhujian
authors: Z
authors: Huang
authors: College of Natural Resource & Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
authors: Qiaoling
authors: Q
authors: Xu
authors: College of Natural Resource & Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
authors: Guangwei
authors: G
authors: Yu
mesh_terms: D009584:Nitrogen / Q000378:metabolism; D010758:Phosphorus / Q000378:metabolism; D012722:Sewage / Q000032:analysis*; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid / Q000379:methods*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000378:metabolism*; D053833:Wetlands; D019862:Zingiberales / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D012722:Sewage; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D010758:Phosphorus; D009584:Nitrogen
keywords: Baffle flow; Constructed wetland; Nutrient removal; Septic tank effluent