title: Alveolar ridge dimensional changes following ridge preservation procedure with novel devices: Part 1--CBCT linear analysis in non-human primate model.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study sought to investigate dimensional changes to the alveolar bone following extraction and application of novel devices used for obturation of socket orifice (socket cap) and space maintenance in sockets with facial dehiscence (socket cage).
  
  
  METHODS
  Six Macaca fascicularis had six teeth each removed according to the following intervention groups (groups A-C intact alveolar bone; D-E facial dehiscence): negative control (A); socket obturated with cap (B); filled with anorganic bovine bone mineral (ABBM) + socket cap (C); dehiscence negative control (D); socket cap + socket cage (E); ABBM + socket cap + socket cage (F). Serial CBCT scans at preoperatively, 6 and 12 weeks following intervention were compared to quantify linear alveolar bone alterations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Without therapeutic intervention, intact sockets exhibited significant reduction in width at the crestal 2 mm of the ridge crest within 6 weeks. Compared with the negative control sites which lost up to 52% of crestal bone width, sites treated with socket cap + ABBM lost at most 4% of bone width at the crestal 2 mm. Similar results were seen in the dehiscence groups, with the combination of socket cap + socket cage + ABBM maintaining the greatest socket width and height dimensions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results from the current non-human primate study suggest that the socket cap and socket cage devices, when used in conjunction with xenograft proved effective in minimizing post-extraction socket width loss and height seen in both intact sockets and sockets with facial dehiscence defects.
authors: Laboratory for Immunoregulation and Tissue Engineering, Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors: Seiko
authors: S
authors: Min
authors: Laboratory of Tissue Regeneration and Immunology and Department of Periodontics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, China.
authors: Yi
authors: Y
authors: Liu
authors: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
authors: Jianxia
authors: J
authors: Tang
authors: Laboratory of Tissue Regeneration and Immunology and Department of Periodontics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, China.
authors: Yilin
authors: Y
authors: Xie
authors: Laboratory of Tissue Regeneration and Immunology and Department of Periodontics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, China.
authors: Jimin
authors: J
authors: Xiong
authors: Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk, South Korea.
authors: Hyung-Keun
authors: HK
authors: You
authors: Laboratory for Immunoregulation and Tissue Engineering, Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors: Homayoun H
authors: HH
authors: Zadeh
mesh_terms: D000540:Alveolar Ridge Augmentation / Q000379:methods*; D059925:Anatomic Landmarks; D000818:Animals; D018786:Bone Substitutes / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016025:Bone Transplantation / Q000379:methods; D002417:Cattle; D054893:Cone-Beam Computed Tomography; D003762:Dental Instruments; D004867:Equipment Design; D008252:Macaca fascicularis; D008297:Male; D014081:Tooth Extraction; D020390:Tooth Socket / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery*; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D018786:Bone Substitutes
keywords: CT imaging; alveolar bone; bone substitutes; extraction socket; wound healing
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