title: Cow, sheep and llama manure at psychrophilic anaerobic co-digestion with low cost tubular digesters in cold climate and high altitude.
abstract: The aim of this research is to evaluate the co-digestion of cow and llama manure combined with sheep manure, in psychrophilic conditions and real field low cost tubular digesters adapted to cold climate. Four digesters were monitored in cold climate conditions; one fed with cow manure, a second one with llama manure, the third one with co-digestion of cow-sheep manure and the fourth one was fed with llama-sheep manure. The slurry had a mean temperature of 16.6 °C, the organic load rate was 0.44 kgvs m(-3) d(-1) and the hydraulic retention time was 80 days. After one hundred days biogas production was stable, as was the methane content and the pH of the effluent. The co-digestion of cow-sheep manure results in a biogas production increase of 100% compared to the mono-digestion of cow manure, while co-digestion of llama-sheep manure results in a decrease of 50% in biogas production with respect to mono-digestion of llama manure.
authors: Centre Internacional de Mètodes Numèrics en Enginyeria (CIMNE), Building Energy and Environment Group, Edifici GAIA (TR14), C/Rambla Sant Nebridi 22, 08222 Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain; Instituto Nacional de Eficiencia Energética y Energías Renovables (INER), 6 de Diciembre N33-32, Quito, Ecuador.
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Martí-Herrero
authors: IIDEPROQ, UMSA, Plaza del Obelisco 1175, La Paz, Bolivia.
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Alvarez
authors: Estación Experimental de Choquenaira, UMSA, Viacha, Bolivia.
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Cespedes
authors: IIDEPROQ, UMSA, Plaza del Obelisco 1175, La Paz, Bolivia.
authors: M R
authors: MR
authors: Rojas
authors: IIDEPROQ, UMSA, Plaza del Obelisco 1175, La Paz, Bolivia.
authors: V
authors: V
authors: Conde
authors: Energising Development Bolivia (EnDev-Bolivia/GIZ), Bolivia.
authors: L
authors: L
authors: Aliaga
authors: Energising Development Bolivia (EnDev-Bolivia/GIZ), Bolivia.
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Balboa
authors: Centre Internacional de Mètodes Numèrics en Enginyeria (CIMNE), Building Energy and Environment Group, Edifici GAIA (TR14), C/Rambla Sant Nebridi 22, 08222 Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain.
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Danov
mesh_terms: D000531:Altitude; D000693:Anaerobiosis; D000818:Animals; D001419:Bacteria / Q000378:metabolism*; D056804:Biofuels; D019149:Bioreactors / Q000382:microbiology*; D002161:Camelids, New World; D002417:Cattle; D003081:Cold Climate; D003365:Costs and Cost Analysis; D008372:Manure / Q000032:analysis*; D010100:Oxygen / Q000032:analysis; D012037:Refuse Disposal / Q000191:economics* / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D012756:Sheep; D013696:Temperature; D013997:Time Factors; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid
chemical_list: D056804:Biofuels; D008372:Manure; D010100:Oxygen
keywords: Anaerobic digestion; Biogas; Co-digestion; Low temperature; Psychrophilic