title: Proteomic analysis of mouse soleus muscles affected by hindlimb unloading and reloading.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Disuse muscle atrophy, induced by prolonged space flight, bed rest, or denervation, is a common process with obvious changes in slow-twitch soleus muscles.
  
  
  METHODS
  Proteomic analysis was performed on mouse soleus subjected to hindlimb unloading (HU) and hindlimb reloading (HR) to identify new dysregulated proteins.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Following HU, the mass and cross-sectional area of muscle fibers decreased, but they recovered after HR. Proteomic analyses revealed 9 down-regulated and 7 up-regulated proteins in HU, and 2 down-regulated and 5 up-regulated proteins in HR. The dysregulated proteins were mainly involved in energy metabolism, protein degradation, and cytoskeleton stability. Among the dysregulated proteins were fatty acid binding protein 3, α-B crystalline, and transthyretin.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results indicate that muscle atrophy induced by unloading is related to activation of proteolysis, metabolic alterations toward glycolysis, destruction of myofibrillar integrity, and dysregulation of heat shock proteins (HSPs). The dysregulated proteins may play a role in muscle atrophy and the recovery process.
authors: National Key Laboratory of Human Factors Engineering, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, No. 26 Beiqing Road, Beijing, 100094, P.R. Beijing, China.
authors: Fei
authors: F
authors: Wang
authors: State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China.
authors: Peng
authors: P
authors: Zhang
authors: State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China.
authors: Hongju
authors: H
authors: Liu
authors: Department of Cognitive Science, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100850, China.
authors: Ming
authors: M
authors: Fan
authors: National Key Laboratory of Human Factors Engineering, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, No. 26 Beiqing Road, Beijing, 100094, P.R. Beijing, China.|State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China.
authors: Xiaoping
authors: X
authors: Chen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006614:Hindlimb / Q000502:physiology; D019417:Hindlimb Suspension / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000378:metabolism*; D009133:Muscular Atrophy / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D040901:Proteomics / Q000379:methods*; D016474:Weight-Bearing / Q000502:physiology
keywords: muscle atrophy; proteomics; reloading; soleus muscle; unloading