title: On effective dose for radiotherapy based on doses to nontarget organs and tissues.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The National Council for Radiation Protection and Measurement (NCRP) published estimates for the collective population dose and the mean effective dose to the population of the United States from medical imaging procedures for 1980/1982 and for 2006. The earlier report ignored the effective dose from radiotherapy and the latter gave a cursory discussion of the topic but again did not include it in the population exposure for various reasons. This paper explains the methodology used to calculate the effective dose in due to radiotherapy procedures in the latter NCRP report and revises the values based on more detailed modeling.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study calculated the dose to nontarget organs from radiotherapy for reference populations using CT images and published peripheral dose data.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Using International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) 60 weighting factors, the total effective dose to nontarget organs in radiotherapy patients is estimated as 298 ± 194 mSv per patient, while the U.S. population effective dose is 0.939 ± 0.610 mSv per person, with a collective dose of 283,000 ± 184,000 person Sv per year. Using ICRP 103 weighting factors, the effective dose is 281 ± 183 mSv per patient, 0.887 ± 0.577 mSv per person in the U.S., and 268,000 ± 174,000 person Sv per year. The uncertainty in the calculations is largely governed by variations in patient size, which was accounted for by considering a range of patient sizes and taking the average treatment site to nontarget organ distance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The methods used to estimate the effective doses from radiotherapy used in NCRP Report No. 160 have been explained and the values updated.
authors: Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53703.
authors: Adam J
authors: AJ
authors: Uselmann
authors: Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53703.
authors: Bruce R
authors: BR
authors: Thomadsen
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000532:radiotherapy; D009502:Neutrons / Q000009:adverse effects; D058958:Organs at Risk / Q000528:radiation effects*; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D011835:Radiation Protection; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D011880:Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed