title: Genome and infection characteristics of human parechovirus type 1: the interplay between viral infection and type I interferon antiviral system.
abstract: Human parechoviruses (HPeVs), members of the family Picornaviridae, are associated with severe human clinical conditions such as gastrointestinal disease, encephalitis, meningitis, respiratory disease and neonatal sepsis. A new contemporary strain of HPeV1, KVP6 (accession no. KC769584), was isolated from a clinical specimen. Full-genome alignment revealed that HPeV1 KVP6 shares high genome homology with the German strain of HPeV1, 7555312 (accession no. FM178558) and could be classified in the clade 1B group. An intertypic recombination was shown within the P2-P3 genome regions of HPeV1. Cell-type tropism test showed that T84 cells (colon carcinoma cells), A549 cells (lung carcinoma cells) and DBTRG-5MG cells (glioblastoma cells) were susceptible to HPeV1 infection, which might be relevant clinically. A facilitated cytopathic effect and increased viral titers were reached after serial viral passages in Vero cells, with viral genome mutation found in later passages. HPeV1 is sensitive to elevated temperature because 39C incubation impaired virion production. HPeV1 induced innate immunity with phosphorylation of interferon (IFN) regulatory transcription factor 3 and production of type I IFN in A549 but not T84 cells. Furthermore, type I IFN inhibited HPeV1 production in A549 cells but not T84 cells; T84 cells may be less responsive to type I IFN stimulation. Moreover, HPeV1-infected cells showed downregulated type I IFN activation, which indicated a type I IFN evasion mechanism. The characterization of the complete genome and infection features of HPeV1 provide comprehensive information about this newly isolated HPeV1 for further diagnosis, prevention or treatment strategies.
authors: Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Pediatrics; Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors: Jenn-Tzong
authors: JT
authors: Chang
authors: Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors: Chih-Shiang
authors: CS
authors: Yang
authors: Department of Infectious Diseases, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors: Yao-Shen
authors: YS
authors: Chen
authors: Department of Microbiology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors: Bao-Chen
authors: BC
authors: Chen
authors: Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors: An-Jen
authors: AJ
authors: Chiang
authors: Department of Pediatrics; Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors: Yu-Hsiang
authors: YH
authors: Chang
authors: Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors: Wei-Lun
authors: WL
authors: Tsai
authors: Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors: You-Sheng
authors: YS
authors: Lin
authors: Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors: David
authors: D
authors: Chao
authors: Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Pharmacy and Graduate Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Tajen University, Pingtung, Taiwan.
authors: Tsung-Hsien
authors: TH
authors: Chang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002460:Cell Line; D016679:Genome, Viral / Q000235:genetics*; D023281:Genomics; D006801:Humans; D007370:Interferon Type I / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007700:Kinetics; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D030061:Parechovirus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology*; D010850:Picornaviridae Infections; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013696:Temperature; D056189:Viral Tropism / Q000187:drug effects; D014779:Virus Replication / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; D007370:Interferon Type I
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