title: Social determinants of health in the Mixtec and Zapotec community in Ventura County, California.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There are an estimated 165,000 indigenous Mexicans living in California, including Mixtec and Zapotec immigrant farm workers. Because many of these immigrants speak only their native non-written languages, there is little information about the needs of this community. An academic-community partnership research team developed a survey to assess basic needs that are known to be social determinants of health in the Mixtec and Zapotec community in Ventura County.
  
  
  METHODS
  In summer 2013, Spanish-Mixteco and Spanish-Zapoteco bilingual promotoras conducted surveys in Spanish, Mixteco and Zapoteco in the greater Oxnard area in Ventura County, California to assess the following basic needs: ability of adults and children to obtain health services; household needs regarding work opportunities, food, housing, transportation, safety and education; and discrimination. Independent variables included respondent characteristics such as age, gender, marital status, living part of the year in another city, and household characteristics such as Spanish spoken in the household, number of household members and number of health care providers/agencies used. Several sets of analyses examined the relationship between basic needs and independent variables.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Respondents (N = 989) reported insufficient employment opportunities (74%), food for the family (59%) or housing (48%), lack of transportation (59%), and discrimination or bullying (34%). Most reported access to medical care for children (90%), but only 57% of respondents were able to get health care for themselves.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Many basic needs in the Mixtec and Zapotec community in Ventura County are unmet. It will require many different resources and services to address the needs of this community and to overcome longstanding inequities that are experienced by immigrant farm workers. Our findings will guide the development of future health programs and will serve as a baseline to evaluate the impact of services to improve the health conditions in this community.
authors: Fielding School of Public Health and Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Equity, University of California, 650 Charles Young Drive South, A2-125 CHS, Box 956900, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-6900, USA. amaxwell@ucla.edu.
authors: Annette E
authors: AE
authors: Maxwell
authors: Mixteco/Indigena Community Organizing Project, PO Box 20543, Oxnard, CA, 93034, USA. sandy.young@mixteco.org.
authors: Sandra
authors: S
authors: Young
authors: Fielding School of Public Health and Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Equity, University of California, 650 Charles Young Drive South, A2-125 CHS, Box 956900, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-6900, USA. ccrespi@ucla.edu.
authors: Catherine M
authors: CM
authors: Crespi
authors: Fielding School of Public Health and Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Equity, University of California, 650 Charles Young Drive South, A2-125 CHS, Box 956900, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-6900, USA. roena.vega@ucla.edu.
authors: Roena Rabelo
authors: RR
authors: Vega
authors: Fielding School of Public Health and Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Equity, University of California, 650 Charles Young Drive South, A2-125 CHS, Box 956900, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-6900, USA. reggiecayetano@ucla.edu.
authors: Reggie T
authors: RT
authors: Cayetano
authors: Fielding School of Public Health and Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Equity, University of California, 650 Charles Young Drive South, A2-125 CHS, Box 956900, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-6900, USA. bastani@ucla.edu.
authors: Roshan
authors: R
authors: Bastani
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002140:California / Q000208:ethnology; D054242:Emigrants and Immigrants; D005260:Female; D006297:Health Services Accessibility / Q000941:ethics / Q000592:standards*; D054625:Healthcare Disparities / Q000208:ethnology*; D006630:Hispanic or Latino; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008800:Mexico / Q000208:ethnology; D008875:Middle Aged; D020380:Needs Assessment; D064890:Social Determinants of Health / Q000941:ethics*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014186:Transportation
references: J Occup Environ Med. 2013 Oct;55(10):1164-70
references: 24064776
references: J Immigr Minor Health. 2014 Jun;16(3):356-64
references: 24002540
references: Am J Public Health. 2010 Apr;100(4):590-5
references: 20167880
references: Am J Public Health. 2000 Apr;90(4):608-14
references: 10754977
references: J Immigr Minor Health. 2013 Feb;15(1):93-100
references: 22961334
references: Diabetes Care. 1995 Sep;18(9):1274-6
references: 8612443
references: Am J Public Health. 2012 Sep;102(9):1664-75
references: 22813088
references: Soc Work Public Health. 2013;28(6):607-18
references: 23944171
references: Educ Health (Abingdon). 2001;14(2):182-97
references: 14742017
references: Am J Public Health. 2008 Nov;98(11):1956-9
references: 18799774
references: Diabet Med. 2010 Apr;27(4):412-6
references: 20536512
references: Am J Ind Med. 2010 Apr;53(4):361-71
references: 20066672
references: J Immigr Minor Health. 2014 Apr;16(2):310-3
references: 22940912
references: J Immigr Minor Health. 2014 Jun;16(3):340-7
references: 24242153
references: J Immigr Minor Health. 2014 Oct;16(5):1011-5
references: 23733354
references: Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2008 Aug;33(4):819-30
references: 18641730