title: Active fantasy sports: rationale and feasibility of leveraging online fantasy sports to promote physical activity.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The popularity of active video games (AVGs) has skyrocketed over the last decade. However, research suggests that the most popular AVGs, which rely on synchronous integration between players' activity and game features, fail to promote physical activity outside of the game or for extended periods of engagement. This limitation has led researchers to consider AVGs that involve asynchronous integration of players' ongoing physical activity with game features. Rather than build an AVG de novo, we selected an established sedentary video game uniquely well suited for the incorporation of asynchronous activity: online fantasy sports.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The primary aim of this study was to explore the feasibility of a new asynchronous AVG-active fantasy sports-designed to promote physical activity.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted two pilot studies of an active fantasy sports game designed to promote physical activity. Participants wore a low cost triaxial accelerometer and participated in an online fantasy baseball (Study 1, n=9, 13-weeks) or fantasy basketball (Study 2, n=10, 17-weeks) league. Privileges within the game were made contingent on meeting weekly physical activity goals (eg, averaging 10,000 steps/day).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Across the two studies, the feasibility of integrating physical activity contingent features and privileges into online fantasy sports games was supported. Participants found the active fantasy sports game enjoyable, as or more enjoyable than traditional (sedentary) online fantasy sports (Study 1: t8=4.43, P<.01; Study 2: t9=2.09, P=.07). Participants in Study 1 increased their average steps/day, t8=2.63, P<.05, while participants in Study 2 maintained (ie, did not change) their activity, t9=1.57, P=.15). In postassessment interviews, social support within the game was cited as a key motivating factor for increasing physical activity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Preliminary evidence supports potential for the active fantasy sports system as a sustainable and scalable intervention for promoting adult physical activity.
authors: Department of Psychology, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, United States. amoller@iit.edu.
authors: Arlen C
authors: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4464-6973
authors: AC
authors: Moller
authors: Sara
authors: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8898-6307
authors: S
authors: Majewski
authors: Melanie
authors: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2882-8884
authors: M
authors: Standish
authors: Pooja
authors: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4216-2863
authors: P
authors: Agarwal
authors: Aleksandra
authors: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2462-2678
authors: A
authors: Podowski
authors: Rebecca
authors: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9297-3082
authors: R
authors: Carson
authors: Biruk
authors: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4340-0672
authors: B
authors: Eyesus
authors: Aakash
authors: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1136-4702
authors: A
authors: Shah
authors: Kristin L
authors: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7445-5118
authors: KL
authors: Schneider
keywords: active video game; asynchronous; enjoyment; exergame; games for health; intrinsic motivation; multiplayer; physical activity; social support; sports
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