title: Giant Cell Tumour of the Tendon Sheath: Analysis of 35 Cases and their Ki-67 Proliferation Indexes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A giant cell Tumour of the tendon sheath (GCTTS) is a slow-growing benign Tumour originating from the synovial cells of the tendon sheath. It is the second most common Tumour of the hand. The aim of this study was to perform a retrospective clinicopathological evaluation of GCTTS cases and determine whether the proliferative activity of giant cell tumour of tendon sheath is related to its recurrence rate and local aggressiveness.
  
  
  METHODS
  The age, gender, Tumour location and diameter, treatment mode, Ki-67 proliferation index, mitotic rate, and recurrence were retrospectively evaluated in 35 patients diagnosed with GCTTS in the Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University between 2009 and 2014.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 35 GCTTS cases, 23 were female, and 12 were male. The mean age was 45 y (range 10-70). Sixteen tumours were located in the right hand and 14 in the left hand, and five were in the feet. The mean Tumour diameter was 2.3 cm (0.6-6 cm). All patients underwent marginal excision. The mean postoperative follow-up period was 4 y (range 28 months-5 y). Only six patients showed recurrence. In these cases, the site of GCTTS recurrence was the phalanx of the hand. The mean Ki-67 index in the recurrence cases was 6.5%, whereas it was 2.3% in those without recurrence.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Ki-67 proliferation index and mitotic activity were increased in recurrent cases compared to nonrecurrent cases. Therefore, these parameters may be helpful in predicting recurrence of GCTTS. However, adequate surgical excision and complete removal of the Tumour are important steps to minimize the recurrence rate.
authors: Assistant Professor, Department of Pathology, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University , Medical Faculty, Rize, Turkey .
authors: Recep
authors: R
authors: Bedir
authors: Assistant Professor, Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University , Medical Faculty, Rize, Turkey .
authors: Mehmet Sabri
authors: MS
authors: Balik
authors: Assistant Professor, Department of Pathology, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University , Medical Faculty, Rize, Turkey .
authors: Ibrahim
authors: I
authors: Sehitoglu
authors: Assistant Professor, Department of Pathology, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University , Medical Faculty, Rize, Turkey .
authors: Hasan
authors: H
authors: Güçer
authors: Medical Doctor, Department of Pathology, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University , Medical Faculty, Rize, Turkey .
authors: Cüneyt
authors: C
authors: Yurdakul
keywords: Giant cell tumour; Ki-67; Proliferation index; Recurrence; Tendon sheath
references: Chir Main. 2007 Jun;26(3):165-9
references: 17521946
references: Scand J Plast Reconstr Surg Hand Surg. 2007;41(3):138-42
references: 17486520
references: Acta Orthop Traumatol Turc. 2004;38(2):120-4
references: 15129030
references: J Hand Surg Br. 2004 Dec;29(6):604-7
references: 15542224
references: J Pediatr Orthop. 2007 Jan-Feb;27(1):67-74
references: 17195801
references: J Hand Surg Br. 2001 Feb;26(1):72-5
references: 11162024
references: Musculoskelet Surg. 2012 Jun;96(1):29-33
references: 21674255
references: J Hand Surg Am. 2010 Mar;35(3):451-6
references: 20193861
references: Singapore Med J. 2008 Nov;49(11):879-82
references: 19037553
references: J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1984 Jan;66(1):76-94
references: 6317696
references: J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2000 May;82(4):571-3
references: 10855885
references: Hand (N Y). 2011 Sep;6(3):244-9
references: 22942846
references: J Hand Surg Am. 1999 Nov;24(6):1298-302
references: 10584957
references: Eplasty. 2012;12:e50
references: 23185646
references: J Hand Microsurg. 2010 Dec;2(2):67-71
references: 22282671
references: J Clin Pathol. 2001 May;54(5):404-7
references: 11328844
references: J Ultrasound Med. 2007 Oct;26(10 ):1333-40
references: 17901136
references: J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1969 Jan;51(1):76-86
references: 4303016