title: Antagonism between phytohormone signalling underlies the variation in disease susceptibility of tomato plants under elevated CO2.
abstract: Increasing CO2 concentrations ([CO2]) have the potential to disrupt plant-pathogen interactions in natural and agricultural ecosystems, but the research in this area has often produced conflicting results. Variations in phytohormone salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) signalling could be associated with variations in the responses of pathogens to plants grown under elevated [CO2]. In this study, interactions between tomato plants and three pathogens with different infection strategies were compared. Elevated [CO2] generally favoured SA biosynthesis and signalling but repressed the JA pathway. The exposure of plants to elevated [CO2] revealed a lower incidence and severity of disease caused by tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) and by Pseudomonas syringae, whereas plant susceptibility to necrotrophic Botrytis cinerea increased. The elevated [CO2]-induced and basal resistance to TMV and P. syringae were completely abolished in plants in which the SA signalling pathway nonexpressor of pathogenesis-related genes 1 (NPR1) had been silenced or in transgenic plants defective in SA biosynthesis. In contrast, under both ambient and elevated [CO2], the susceptibility to B. cinerea highly increased in plants in which the JA signalling pathway proteinase inhibitors (PI) gene had been silenced or in a mutant affected in JA biosynthesis. However, plants affected in SA signalling remained less susceptible to this disease. These findings highlight the modulated antagonistic relationship between SA and JA that contributes to the variation in disease susceptibility under elevated [CO2]. This information will be critical for investigating how elevated CO2 may affect plant defence and the dynamics between plants and pathogens in both agricultural and natural ecosystems.
authors: Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, P.R. China.
authors: Shuai
authors: S
authors: Zhang
authors: Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, P.R. China Tea Research Insititute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou, 310008, P.R. China.
authors: Xin
authors: X
authors: Li
authors: Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, P.R. China.
authors: Zenghui
authors: Z
authors: Sun
authors: Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, P.R. China.
authors: Shujun
authors: S
authors: Shao
authors: Institute of Insect Science, College of Agriculture & Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, P.R. China.
authors: Lingfei
authors: L
authors: Hu
authors: Institute of Insect Science, College of Agriculture & Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, P.R. China.
authors: Meng
authors: M
authors: Ye
authors: Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, P.R. China.
authors: Yanhong
authors: Y
authors: Zhou
authors: Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, P.R. China.
authors: Xiaojian
authors: X
authors: Xia
authors: Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, P.R. China Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plants Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Agricultural Ministry of China, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, P.R. China.
authors: Jingquan
authors: J
authors: Yu
authors: Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, P.R. China kaishi@zju.edu.cn.
authors: Kai
authors: K
authors: Shi
mesh_terms: D020171:Botrytis / Q000502:physiology*; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003517:Cyclopentanes / Q000378:metabolism; D004198:Disease Susceptibility; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions; D018551:Solanum lycopersicum / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology*; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D054883:Oxylipins / Q000378:metabolism; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000276:immunology*; D010937:Plant Growth Regulators / Q000378:metabolism*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified; D044224:Pseudomonas syringae / Q000502:physiology*; D020156:Salicylic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D003517:Cyclopentanes; D054883:Oxylipins; D010937:Plant Growth Regulators; D010940:Plant Proteins; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; C011006:jasmonic acid; D020156:Salicylic Acid
keywords: Botrytis cinerea; Pseudomonas syringae; Solanum lycopersicum (tomato); elevated CO2; jasmonic acid; nonexpressor of pathogenesis related genes 1 (NPR1); plant disease; salicylic acid; tobacco mosaic virus (TMV).
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