title: Petrous apex cephalocoele: contribution of coexisting intracranial pathologies to the aetiopathogenesis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to show the MRI findings of petrous apex cephalocoele (PAC) and the other intracranial pathologies that coexist with PAC, and to discuss the contribution of the co-existing pathologies to aetiopathogenesis.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective analysis of our imaging archive for the period from January 2012 to October 2013 revealed 13 patients with PAC (12 females and 1 male; age range, 26-69 years). 11 patients underwent MRI examination of the cranium, and 2 patients underwent MRI examination of the sellar region. We evaluated the lesions for content, signal intensity, enhancement, relation to petrous apex and Meckel's cave. Images were also evaluated for coexisting pathologies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The presenting symptoms included headache, vertigo, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak and trigeminal neuropathy. All patients had PAC. All lesions were located posterolateral to the Meckel's cave and were isointense with CSF signal on all pulse sequences. All lesions were continuous with Meckel's cave. Coexisting pathologies included intracranial aneurysmal dilatation, empty sella, mass in hypophysis, arachnoid cyst, inferior herniation of parahippocampal gyrus and optic nerve sheath CSF distension.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Coexistence with other intracranial pathologies supports the possibility of CSF imbalance and/or intracranial hypertension in the aetiopathogenesis of PAC.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study examined the contribution of the co-existing intracranial pathologies to the aetiopathogenesis of PAC.
authors: Department of Radiology, Ankara Numune Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Çavusoglu
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Duran
authors: H G
authors: HG
authors: Hatipoglu
authors: D S
authors: DS
authors: Ciliz
authors: E
authors: E
authors: Elverici
authors: B
authors: B
authors: Sakman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016080:Arachnoid Cysts / Q000150:complications; D004652:Empty Sella Syndrome / Q000150:complications; D004677:Encephalocele / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D002532:Intracranial Aneurysm / Q000150:complications; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009900:Optic Nerve / Q000473:pathology; D010579:Petrous Bone / Q000473:pathology*; D010900:Pituitary Diseases / Q000150:complications; D012189:Retrospective Studies
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