title: Influence of chloroquine intake on the multifocal electroretinogram in patients with and without maculopathy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effect of long-term chloroquine intake on the multifocal electroretinogram (mfERG) in female patients with and without maculopathy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective analysis of the mfERGs recorded in three different groups: (1) patients with bilateral maculopathy having taken chloroquine, (2) patients without maculopathy having taken chloroquine, and (3) healthy control subjects (age-matched to group 2) who never took chloroquine. MfERGs of each group were averaged, and the data of each patient group were compared to the control group. The main outcome measures were N1 and P1 characteristics and the ring ratio analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In group 1, 11 female subjects (22 eyes) were included, group 2 consisted of nine patients (18 eyes) and group 3 of seven healthy female subjects (14 eyes). Compared with healthy controls, patients in group 1 showed significantly reduced response densities of both N1 and P1 across all ring eccentricities except ring 5. Implicit times were significantly delayed only concerning N1 (ring 4 and the sum response of the left eye of group 1). P1 implicit times showed no significant alterations in either group. Ring ratios of the response densities were significantly higher mainly concerning group 1 (N1: ring 5/ring 2 and ring 5/ring 4 of the right eye; P1: all ring ratios of the right eye and all ratios except ring 5/ring 1 and ring 5/ring 4 of the left eye). The only ring ratio being significantly higher in group 2 was P1 ring 5/ring 1 ratio of the right eye.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the absence of clinically apparent maculopathy, chloroquine intake was not associated with major alterations of the mfERG.
authors: Department of Ophthalmology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany, richard.bergholz@charite.de.
authors: Richard
authors: R
authors: Bergholz
authors: Klaus
authors: K
authors: Rüther
authors: Jan
authors: J
authors: Schroeter
authors: Christoph
authors: C
authors: von Sonnleithner
authors: Daniel J
authors: DJ
authors: Salchow
mesh_terms: D018501:Antirheumatic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000188:drug therapy; D002738:Chloroquine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004596:Electroretinography / Q000187:drug effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D012160:Retina / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012164:Retinal Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014794:Visual Fields / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D018501:Antirheumatic Agents; D002738:Chloroquine
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