title: Noninvasive biomarkers of necrotizing enterocolitis.
abstract: Necrotizing enterocolitis is an acute inflammatory disease, which primarily affects preterm infants, and is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the neonatal intensive care unit. Unfortunately, necrotizing enterocolitis can be difficult to distinguish from other diseases and clinical conditions especially during the early course of the disease. This diagnostic uncertainty is particularly relevant to clinical evaluation and medical management and potentially leads to unnecessary and extended periods of cessation of enteral feedings and prolonged courses of parenteral nutrition and antibiotics. Biomarkers are molecular indicators of a disease process, diagnosis, prognosis and can be used to monitor the effects of disease management. Historically, there has been a paucity of reliable and robust biomarkers for necrotizing enterocolitis. However, several studies have recently identified promising biomarkers. Noninvasive samples for biomarker measurement are preferred and may have certain advantages in the preterm infant. In this review article, we focus on recent exciting and promising discoveries in noninvasive biomarkers for necrotizing enterocolitis.
authors: College of Nursing, Wayne State University, 5557 Cass Ave, 240 Cohn, Detroit, MI 48202, USA. ar2446@wayne.edu
authors: Leanne
authors: L
authors: Nantais-Smith
authors: Mark
authors: M
authors: Kadrofske
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D042241:Early Diagnosis; D061345:Early Medical Intervention; D004750:Enteral Nutrition / Q000379:methods*; D020345:Enterocolitis, Necrotizing / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D005243:Feces / Q000382:microbiology*; D006801:Humans; D007230:Infant, Low Birth Weight; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature; D015931:Intensive Care, Neonatal / Q000379:methods; D039841:Leukocyte L1 Antigen Complex / Q000032:analysis*; D000069342:Medical Overuse / Q000517:prevention & control; D011379:Prognosis; D000067616:S100A12 Protein / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D015415:Biomarkers; D039841:Leukocyte L1 Antigen Complex; D000067616:S100A12 Protein