title: Treatment of turtle aquaculture effluent by an improved multi-soil-layer system.
abstract: Concentrated turtle aquaculture effluent poses an environmental threat to water bodies, and therefore needs to be treated prior to disposal. This study was conducted to assess the effect of multi-soil-layer (MSL) systems treating turtle aquaculture effluent with adding different amounts of sludge. Four MSL systems were constructed with dry weight ratios of sludge with 0%, 5%, 10%, and 20% (MSL 1, MSL 2, MSL 3, and MSL 4, respectively). The turtle aquaculture effluent had an average chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammonia nitrogen (NH4(+)-N) and total nitrogen (TN) concentration of 288.4, 213.4, and 252.0 mg/L, respectively. The COD/TN (C/N) ratio was 1.2. The results showed that the four MSL systems could effectively treat the COD, NH4(+)-N, and TN, and MSL 4 showed significantly improved NH4(+)-N removal efficiency, suggesting the potential of sludge addition to improve the turtle aquaculture effluent treatment. The average COD, TN, and NH4(+)-N removal efﬁciencies of MSL 4 were 70.3%, 66.5%, and 72.7%, respectively. To further interpret the contribution of microorganisms to the removal, the microbial community compositions and diversities of the four MSL systems were measured. Comparisons of the denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) profiles revealed that the amount of nitrifying bacteria and diversity in MSL 4 were higher than those in the other three systems. We concluded that adding 20% of sludge improved the NH4(+)-N removal and stability of the system for nitrification, due to the enrichment of the nitrifying bacteria in MSL 4.
authors: MOE Key Lab of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection of China, Nanjing 210042, China.
authors: Ying
authors: Y
authors: Song
authors: Yu-ting
authors: YT
authors: Huang
authors: Hong-fang
authors: HF
authors: Ji
authors: Xin-jun
authors: XJ
authors: Nie
authors: Zhi-yuan
authors: ZY
authors: Zhang
authors: Chuan
authors: C
authors: Ge
authors: An-cheng
authors: AC
authors: Luo
authors: Xin
authors: X
authors: Chen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017756:Aquaculture / Q000379:methods*; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry*; D014426:Turtles / Q000254:growth & development*; D062065:Wastewater / Q000737:chemistry; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D018508:Water Purification / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D009584:Nitrogen; D012987:Soil; D062065:Wastewater; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical
keywords: Microbial community diversity; Multi-soil-layer (MSL) system; Sludge; Turtle aquaculture effluent
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