title: Laboratory Evaluation of Toxicity of Insecticide Formulations from Different Classes against American Cockroach (Dictyoptera: Blattidae).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The present study was designed to investigate the insecticidal efficacy of four different classes of insecticides: pyrethroids, organophosphates, phenyl-pyrazoles and neo-nicotenoids. One representative chemical from each class was selected to compare the toxicity: deltamethrin from pyrethroids, Dichlorovinyl Dimethyl Phosphate (DDVP) from organophosphates, fipronil from phenyl-pyrazoles and imidacloprid from neo-nicotenoids. The objective of this study was to determine which of these insecticides were most effective against American cockroach.
  
  
  METHODS
  These insecticides were tested for their LC50 values against Periplaneta americana under topical bioassay method, using different concentrations for each chemical.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fipronil 2.5% EC was highly effective at all concentrations applied, while DDVP 50% EC was least toxic amongst all. One way analysis of variance confirmed significant differences between mortality of P. americana and different concentrations applied (P< 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Locality differentiation is an important factor in determining the range of resistance between various localities, as all three localities behaved differently in terms of their levels of resistance.
authors: Department of Zoology, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan.
authors: Ruhma
authors: R
authors: Syed
authors: Department of Zoology, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan.
authors: Farkhanda
authors: F
authors: Manzoor
authors: Department of Zoology, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan.
authors: Rooma
authors: R
authors: Adalat
authors: Department of Zoology, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan.
authors: Abida
authors: A
authors: Abdul-Sattar
authors: Department of Zoology, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan.
authors: Azka
authors: A
authors: Syed
keywords: Efficacy; Insecticides; Periplaneta americana; Resistance; Topical bioassay
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