title: Prediction of AD dementia by biomarkers following the NIA-AA and IWG diagnostic criteria in MCI patients from three European memory clinics.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Proposed diagnostic criteria (international working group and National Institute on Aging and Alzheimer's Association) for Alzheimer's disease (AD) include markers of amyloidosis (abnormal cerebrospinal fluid [CSF] amyloid beta [Aβ]42) and neurodegeneration (hippocampal atrophy, temporo-parietal hypometabolism on [18F]-fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography (FDG-PET), and abnormal CSF tau). We aim to compare the accuracy of these biomarkers, individually and in combination, in predicting AD among mild cognitive impairment (MCI) patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 73 MCI patients, followed to ascertain AD progression, markers were measured. Sensitivity and specificity, positive (LR+) and negative (LR-) likelihood ratios, and crude and adjusted hazard ratios were computed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-nine MCI patients progressed and 44 remained stable. Positivity to any marker achieved the lowest LR- (0.0), whereas the combination Aβ42 plus FDG-PET achieved the highest LR+ (6.45). In a survival analysis, positivity to any marker was associated with 100% conversion rate, whereas negativity to all markers was associated with 100% stability.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The best criteria combined amyloidosis and neurodegeneration biomarkers, whereas the individual biomarker with the best performance was FDG-PET.
authors: Laboratory of Epidemiology and Neuroimaging, IRCCS Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy.
authors: Annapaola
authors: A
authors: Prestia
authors: Medical Imaging Unit, Biomedical Engineering Department, IRCCS Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research, Bergamo, Italy.
authors: Anna
authors: A
authors: Caroli
authors: Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Department of Decision Science, Bocconi University, Milan, Italy.
authors: Sara K
authors: SK
authors: Wade
authors: Alzheimer Center and Department of Neurology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors: Wiesjie M
authors: WM
authors: van der Flier
authors: Alzheimer Center and Department of Neurology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine and PET research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors: Rik
authors: R
authors: Ossenkoppele
authors: Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine and PET research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors: Bart
authors: B
authors: Van Berckel
authors: Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine and PET research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors: Frederik
authors: F
authors: Barkhof
authors: Department of Clinical Chemistry, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors: Charlotte E
authors: CE
authors: Teunissen
authors: PET-Center, Section of Nuclear Medicine & PET, Department of Radiology, Oncology and Radiation Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
authors: Anders
authors: A
authors: Wall
authors: Karolinska Institutet, Alzheimer Neurobiology Center, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors: Stephen F
authors: SF
authors: Carter
authors: Karolinska Institutet, Alzheimer Neurobiology Center, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors: Michael
authors: M
authors: Schöll
authors: Karolinska Institutet, Alzheimer Neurobiology Center, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.
authors: Il Han
authors: IH
authors: Choo
authors: Karolinska Institutet, Alzheimer Neurobiology Center, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Geriatric Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors: Agneta
authors: A
authors: Nordberg
authors: Alzheimer Center and Department of Neurology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors: Philip
authors: P
authors: Scheltens
authors: Laboratory of Epidemiology and Neuroimaging, IRCCS Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy; Departments of Internal Medicine and Psychiatry, University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneve, Switzerland. Electronic address: gfrisoni@fatebenefratelli.it.
authors: Giovanni B
authors: GB
authors: Frisoni
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000175:diagnosis; D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*; D000686:Amyloidosis; D001284:Atrophy; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D018450:Disease Progression; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D016875:tau Proteins / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid
chemical_list: D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides; D015415:Biomarkers; C054369:MAPT protein, human; D016875:tau Proteins; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18
keywords: Alzheimer's disease; Diagnostic accuracy; Diagnostic criteria; MCI; MRI; PET