title: Alternate Healthy Eating Index 2010 and risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease among US women and men: prospective study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the association between the Alternate Healthy Eating Index 2010 (AHEI-2010)--a measure of diet quality--and the risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective cohort study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants in the Nurses' Health Study and the Health Professionals Follow-up Study, United States.
  
  
  METHODS
  73,228 female nurses from 1984 to 2000 and 47,026 men from 1986 to 1998, who completed biennial questionnaires.
  
  
  METHODS
  The primary outcome was the self report of newly diagnosed COPD. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were adjusted for age, physical activity, body mass index, total energy intake, smoking, second hand tobacco exposure (only in the Nurses' Health Study), race/ethnicity, physician visits, US region, spouse's highest educational attainment (only in the Nurses' Health Study), and menopausal status (only in the Nurses' Health Study).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Over the study period, 723 cases of newly diagnosed COPD occurred in women and 167 in men. In the pooled analysis, a significant negative association was seen between the risk of newly diagnosed COPD and fifths of the AHEI-2010: hazard ratios were 0.81 (95% confidence interval 0.51 to 1.29) for the second fifth, 0.98 (0.80 to 1.18) for the third fifth, 0.74 (0.59 to 0.92) for the fourth fifth, and 0.67 (0.53 to 0.85) for participants who ate the healthiest diet according to the AHEI-2010 (that is, were in the highest fifth), compared with those who ate the less healthy diet (participants in the lowest fifth). Similar findings were observed among ex-smokers and current smokers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A higher AHEI-2010 diet score (reflecting high intakes of whole grains, polyunsaturated fatty acids, nuts, and long chain omega-3 fats and low intakes of red/processed meats, refined grains, and sugar sweetened drinks) was associated with a lower risk of COPD in both women and men. These findings support the importance of a healthy diet in multi-interventional programs to prevent COPD.
authors: INSERM U1168, VIMA (Aging and chronic diseases. Epidemiological and public health approaches), 16 avenue Paul Vaillant Couturier, 94 807 Villejuif, France UVSQ, UMR-S 1168, Université Versailles St-Quentin-en-Yvelines, France raphaelle.varraso@inserm.fr.
authors: Raphaëlle
authors: R
authors: Varraso
authors: Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
authors: Stephanie E
authors: SE
authors: Chiuve
authors: Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA Department of Nutrition, Simmons College, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
authors: Teresa T
authors: TT
authors: Fung
authors: Division of General Medicine, Department of Medicine, and Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.
authors: R Graham
authors: RG
authors: Barr
authors: Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
authors: Frank B
authors: FB
authors: Hu
authors: Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
authors: Walter C
authors: WC
authors: Willett
authors: Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
authors: Carlos A
authors: CA
authors: Camargo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001249:Asthma / Q000453:epidemiology; D004032:Diet / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011446:Prospective Studies; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology
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