title: The clinical epidemiology of male osteoporosis: a review of the recent literature.
abstract: Osteoporosis, a musculoskeletal disease characterized by decreased bone mineral density (BMD) and an increased risk of fragility fractures, is now recognized as an important public health problem in men. Osteoporotic fractures, particularly of the hip, result in significant morbidity and mortality in men and lead to considerable societal costs. Many national and international organizations now address screening and treatment for men in their osteoporosis clinical guidelines. However, male osteoporosis remains largely underdiagnosed and undertreated. The objective of this paper is to provide an overview of recent findings in male osteoporosis, including pathophysiology, epidemiology, and incidence and burden of fracture, and discuss current knowledge about the evaluation and treatment of osteoporosis in males. In particular, clinical practice guidelines, fracture risk assessment, and evidence of treatment effectiveness in men are addressed.
authors: University of Utah College of Pharmacy, Salt Lake City, UT, USA ; Veterans Affairs Salt Lake City Health Care System, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
authors: Tina
authors: T
authors: Willson
authors: University of Utah College of Pharmacy, Salt Lake City, UT, USA ; Veterans Affairs Salt Lake City Health Care System, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
authors: Scott D
authors: SD
authors: Nelson
authors: University of Utah College of Pharmacy, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
authors: Jonathan
authors: J
authors: Newbold
authors: Veterans Affairs Salt Lake City Health Care System, Salt Lake City, UT, USA ; University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
authors: Richard E
authors: RE
authors: Nelson
authors: University of Utah College of Pharmacy, Salt Lake City, UT, USA ; Veterans Affairs Salt Lake City Health Care System, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
authors: Joanne
authors: J
authors: LaFleur
keywords: diagnosis; fracture risk; guidelines; screening; treatment
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