title: An evaluation of the protective effect of an infusion of chilled glucose solution on thermal injury of the bile ducts caused by radiofrequency ablation of the liver.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the protective effects of chilling the bile ducts with cold (5°C) 5% glucose solution (GS) during radiofrequency (RF) administration.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty male pigs (3 mos. old; 25-30 kg) were subjected to RF delivery with chilling (experimental group, N=10) or without chilling (control group, N=10). Half of the animals in each group were euthanized immediately after the operation, and half were euthanized one week later. The following histological variables in relation to the bile ducts were evaluated by a pathologist (blind examiner): degenerative changes to the epithelium; epithelial necrosis; ulceration, regenerative changes of the epithelium; polymorphonuclear neutrophil infiltration; and thermal effects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The experimental group (88 bile ducts examined) showed reduced thermal damage relative to the control group (86 bile ducts examined) as demonstrated by significant differences in the following histopathological parameters: epithelial detachment of biliary epithelium (84.1% vs. 59.3%; p<0.006); elongation/palisade arrangement of nuclei (65.1% vs. 87.5%; p<0.001); pseudo-goblet cells (32.9% vs. 56.8%; p<0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Infusion of 5% glucose solution (5°C) has a protective effect on bile ducts subjected to heat (95-110°C, 12 min) from radiofrequency thermal ablation device.
authors: Federal University of Sao Paulo, Brazil.
authors: Marcelo Salim
authors: MS
authors: Talasso
authors: Department of Pathology, UNIFESP, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors: Valéria
authors: V
authors: Lanzoni
authors: Department of Surgery, UNIFESP, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors: Alberto
authors: A
authors: Goldenberg
authors: Department of Image Diagnostic, Albert Einstein Israelite Hospital, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors: Rodrigo Gobbo
authors: RG
authors: Garcia
authors: Department of Surgery, UNIFESP, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors: Rita Maria Aparecida
authors: RM
authors: Moura-Franco
authors: School of Medicine, UNIFESP, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors: Olívia Oléa Cisnero
authors: OO
authors: Fernandes
authors: Department of Surgery, UNIFESP, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors: Rafael de Souza
authors: Rde S
authors: Mesquita
authors: Department of Surgery, UNIFESP, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors: Jorge Roberto Marcante
authors: JR
authors: Carlotto
authors: Department of Surgery, UNIFESP, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors: Delcio
authors: D
authors: Matos
authors: Department of Surgery, UNIFESP, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors: Gaspar de Jesus
authors: Gde J
authors: Lopes-Filho
authors: Department of Surgery, UNIFESP, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors: Marcelo Moura
authors: MM
authors: Linhares
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001649:Bile Duct Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control; D001652:Bile Ducts / Q000293:injuries* / Q000473:pathology; D002056:Burns / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D017115:Catheter Ablation / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D017679:Cryotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D005947:Glucose / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006358:Hot Temperature / Q000009:adverse effects; D008099:Liver / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D010477:Perfusion; D020011:Protective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013552:Swine; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D020011:Protective Agents; D005947:Glucose