title: Study of the influence of platinum, palladium and rhodium on duckweed (Lemna minor).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Road traffic pollutants and the residues of cytostatics that are widely used in anti-cancer therapy are a significant sources of platinum group elements (PGE; Pt, Pd and Rh) in environment. These metals can migrate into sewage and thus pollute surface waters. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the effect of PtCl4 on the antioxidant and enzymatic activity of duckweed (Lemna minor), a bioindicator of the aquatic environment.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was performed using a 7-day conventional test based on the OECD 221 (CSN EN ISO 20079)--Lemna sp. Growth Inhibition Test. We also conducted a microbiotest to analyse the effects of PtC4, PdCl2 and RhCl3 on the morphology and vegetative growth of colonies of this plant and compared their inhibitory effects during the microbiotest.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We observed inhibition of colony growth and clear morphological changes. Antioxidant and enzymatic activities increased with platinum doses increased. The 168hEC50 of PtCl4 was 12.16 μM (95% confidence interval = 9.88-14.44) and the 168hEC50 of PdCl2 was 50.39 (95% confidence interval = 23.83-76.96). The greatest inhibition of growth by RhCl3 was observed at 25 μM.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The obtained results suggest that L. minor phytotoxicity tests should be widely used in the biomonitoring.
authors: Ivana
authors: I
authors: Bednarova
authors: Hana
authors: H
authors: Mikulaskova
authors: Barbora
authors: B
authors: Havelkova
authors: Lenka
authors: L
authors: Strakova
authors: Miroslava
authors: M
authors: Beklova
authors: Jiri
authors: J
authors: Sochor
authors: David
authors: D
authors: Hynek
authors: Vojtech
authors: V
authors: Adam
authors: Rene
authors: R
authors: Kizek
mesh_terms: D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D010165:Palladium / Q000633:toxicity*; D010944:Plants / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D017671:Platinum Compounds / Q000633:toxicity*; D012238:Rhodium / Q000633:toxicity*; D014877:Water Pollution, Chemical / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D017671:Platinum Compounds; D010165:Palladium; D012238:Rhodium; C032741:platinum tetrachloride