title: Anatomic single-bundle anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using the outside-in femoral tunnel drilling technique: a prospective study and short- to mid-term results.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Anatomic positioning of the femoral and tibial tunnels in the native ACL femoral and tibial footprints requires an independent drilling either via an accessory medial portal (trans-portal drilling) or using an outside-in drilling technique. Conventional trans-tibial drilling (dependant drilling) was found to lack the ability to accurately position the femoral tunnel in the native ACL footprint. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the functional outcome results of anatomic single-bundle ACLR using the OI femoral tunnel drilling technique.
  
  
  METHODS
  Single surgeon single center prospective case series study. 64 patients having complete ACL tears were included in the current study. Average follow-up was 15.8 months (range 8-25). Objective and subjective IKDC scores, Lysholm knee score, SF-36 score, VAS for patients' satisfaction, VAS for pain and Kellgren and Lawrence (K/L) classification of osteoarthritis were used for follow-up evaluation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Objective IKDC score revealed that 60 patients had grade ''A'' and 4 had grade ''B'', while no single patient had neither grade ''C'' nor ''D''. The average Lysholm Score was 92.4, average subjective IKDC was 91.5. Average SF-36 score was 96.7. The average VAS for operation satisfaction was 9.7. Average VAS for pain was 0.3. Forty-nine patients were classified as normal K/L classification, 7 were grade ''1'', 8 were grade ''2''. Comparing pre-operative and follow-up Objective IKDC, Subjective IKDC, Lysholm, SF-36 and VAS for pain scores revealed statistically significant differences (P value <0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Arthroscopic-assisted ACL reconstruction using the outside-in femoral tunnel drilling technique shows a good and satisfactory functional outcome results at short- to mid-term follow-up.
  
  
  METHODS
  Level IV.
authors: Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Circular Road, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt, ashraf.abdelkafy@gmail.com.
authors: Ashraf
authors: A
authors: Abdelkafy
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016118:Anterior Cruciate Ligament / Q000601:surgery; D000070598:Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries; D059549:Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction / Q000379:methods*; D001182:Arthroscopy; D005260:Female; D005269:Femur / Q000601:surgery*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007593:Joint Instability / Q000601:surgery; D007718:Knee Injuries / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D020127:Recovery of Function; D012421:Rupture; D013710:Tendons / Q000637:transplantation; D014182:Transplantation, Autologous; D055815:Young Adult