title: Fungal strain matters: colony growth and bioactivity of the European medicinal polyporesFomes fomentarius, Fomitopsis pinicolaandPiptoporus betulinus.
abstract: Polypores have been applied in traditional Chinese medicine up to the present day, and are becoming more and more popular worldwide. They show a wide range of bioactivities including anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, antiviral and immuno-enhancing effects. Their secondary metabolites have been the focus of many studies, but the importance of fungal strain for bioactivity and metabolite production has not been investigated so far for theseBasidiomycetes. Therefore, we screened several strains from three medicinal polypore species from traditional European medicine:Fomes fomentarius, Fomitopsis pinicolaandPiptoporus betulinus.A total of 22 strains were compared concerning their growth rates, optimum growth temperatures, as well as antimicrobial and antifungal properties of ethanolic fruit body extracts. The morphological identification of strains was confirmed based on rDNA ITS phylogenetic analyses. Our results showed that species delimitation is critical due to the presence of several distinct lineages, e.g. within theFomes fomentariusspecies complex. Fungal strains within one lineage showed distinct differences in optimum growth temperatures, in secondary metabolite production, and accordingly, in their bioactivities. In general,F. pinicolaandP. betulinusextracts exerted distinct antibiotic activities againstBacillus subtilisandStaphylococcus aureusat minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) ranging from 31-125 μg mL-1; The antifungal activities of all three polypores againstAspergillus flavus, A. fumigatus, Absidia orchidisandCandida kruseiwere often strain-specific, ranging from 125-1000 μg mL-1. Our results highlight that a reliable species identification, followed by an extensive screening for a 'best strain' is an essential prerequisite for the proper identification of bioactive material.
authors: Institute of Microbiology, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
authors: Philipp
authors: P
authors: Dresch
authors: Department of Life Sciences, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via Mattioli 4, 53100 Siena, Italy.
authors: Maria Nives
authors: MN
authors: D Aguanno
authors: Institute of Microbiology, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
authors: Katharina
authors: K
authors: Rosam
authors: Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
authors: Ulrike
authors: U
authors: Grienke
authors: Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
authors: Judith Maria
authors: JM
authors: Rollinger
authors: Institute of Microbiology, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
authors: Ursula
authors: U
authors: Peintner
keywords: Antimicrobial activity of fungal extracts; Fungal strain selection; Phylogeny; Temperature optimum; Wood-rotting fungi
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