title: Leading causes of castration-resistant prostate cancer.
abstract: Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second leading cause of cancer-related death in men. Androgen receptor has a key role in the initiation and progression of PCa. Currently, androgen deprivation therapy is the standard treatment for PCa patients due to its effective suppression of androgen receptor signaling. Even though androgen deprivation therapy shows its initial effectiveness on shrinking tumor size, it eventually fails to cure advanced PCa, which is determined by the occurrence of castration-resistance. In this review, we summarize the widely accepted mechanisms that account for castration-resistant PCa and discuss potential therapeutic targets.
authors: Clinical Medical College, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430061, Hubei province, China.
authors: Mingqian
authors: M
authors: Lu
authors: Hongda
authors: H
authors: Lu
authors: Qingzhi
authors: Q
authors: Kong
mesh_terms: D000726:Androgen Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D058990:Molecular Targeted Therapy; D064129:Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D011944:Receptors, Androgen / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000726:Androgen Antagonists; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D011944:Receptors, Androgen
keywords: androgen receptor; androgen receptor mutation; androgen receptor splicing; castration-resistant prostate cancer; neuroendocrine; progenitor cells