title: Electrophysiological correlates of long-term Soto Zen meditation.
abstract: This study aimed to verify the electrophysiological correlates of the changes in long-term regular meditators. We use modern techniques of high-resolution electroencephalography applied to slow potentials, power spectra, and potencies related to the events. To obtain encephalographic records, we use an assembly of 128 channels in 31 subjects (17 Soto Zen Buddhist meditators). The motivation of this study was to determine whether the induced beta power would present an increase in meditators as well as a decrease in induced theta/beta ratio in absolute and relative values. However, opposite to what we expected, no significant change was found in the beta frequency. In contrast, the main findings of the study were correlations between the frequency of weekly meditation practice and the increased theta induced relative power, increase of induced power ratio (ratio theta/beta), and increase of the ratio of induced relative powers (theta/beta ratio) during our task that featured an "adapted meditation," suggesting that the meditative state of "mindfulness" is much more related to the permittivity of "distractions" by the meditators, with a deliberate reduction of attention.
authors: Laboratory of Psychophysiology, Faculdade da Saúde, UMESP, São Bernardo do Campo, SP, Brazil.
authors: Henrique Adam
authors: HA
authors: Pasquini
authors: Brain Mapping and Sensory Motor Integration, Institute of Psychiatry of Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (IPUB/UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
authors: Guaraci Ken
authors: GK
authors: Tanaka
authors: Laboratory of Psychophysiology, Faculdade da Saúde, UMESP, São Bernardo do Campo, SP, Brazil ; Division of Neurosurgery, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors: Luis Fernando Hindi
authors: LF
authors: Basile
authors: Brain Mapping and Sensory Motor Integration, Institute of Psychiatry of Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (IPUB/UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil ; School of Physical Education, Bioscience Department, EEFD/UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil ; Institute of Applied Neuroscience (INA), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil ; Neurophysiology and Neuropsychology of Attention, Institute of Psychiatry of the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (IPUB/UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
authors: Bruna
authors: B
authors: Velasques
authors: Laboratory of Psychophysiology, Faculdade da Saúde, UMESP, São Bernardo do Campo, SP, Brazil.
authors: Mirna Delposo
authors: MD
authors: Lozano
authors: Brain Mapping and Sensory Motor Integration, Institute of Psychiatry of Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (IPUB/UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil ; School of Physical Education, Bioscience Department, EEFD/UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil ; Institute of Applied Neuroscience (INA), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
authors: Pedro
authors: 0000-0001-8270-3663
authors: P
authors: Ribeiro
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D004569:Electroencephalography; D055724:Electrophysiological Phenomena; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D019122:Meditation; D008875:Middle Aged; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis; D013997:Time Factors; D055815:Young Adult
references: Brain Res Cogn Brain Res. 2001 Apr;11(2):281-7
references: 11275489
references: Cogn Process. 2010 Feb;11(1):39-56
references: 20013298
references: Arq Neuropsiquiatr. 2007 Sep;65(3A):633-6
references: 17876405
references: Int J Psychophysiol. 2011 Sep;81(3):198-202
references: 21726586
references: Emotion. 2010 Feb;10(1):54-64
references: 20141302
references: Trends Cogn Sci. 1999 Apr;3(4):151-162
references: 10322469
references: West J Med. 1981 Feb;134(2):141-2
references: 18748783
references: Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol. 1980 Jun;48(6):609-21
references: 6155251
references: Neuroreport. 2007 Oct 29;18(16):1709-12
references: 17921873
references: Biol Psychol. 1977 Jun;5(2):101-18
references: 328063
references: Conscious Cogn. 2010 Dec;19(4):1110-8
references: 20167507
references: Int J Clin Exp Hypn. 1977 Oct;25(4):291-308
references: 330418
references: Arq Neuropsiquiatr. 2014 Sep;72(9):687-93
references: 25252232
references: Neuroimage. 2005 Aug 15;27(2):341-56
references: 15927487
references: Int J Psychophysiol. 2007 Sep;65(3):238-51
references: 17570549
references: Psychol Bull. 2006 Mar;132(2):180-211
references: 16536641
references: Eur J Neurosci. 2002 Apr;15(8):1395-9
references: 11994134
references: Folia Psychiatr Neurol Jpn. 1966;20(4):315-36
references: 6013341
references: Int J Psychophysiol. 2012 Jul;85(1):125-8
references: 22155528
references: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004 Nov 16;101(46):16369-73
references: 15534199
references: Int J Psychophysiol. 2005 Jan;55(1):23-34
references: 15598513
references: Brain Res Bull. 2011 May 30;85(3-4):96-103
references: 21501665
references: J Abnorm Psychol. 1976 Apr;85(2):235-8
references: 1254784
references: Brain Res Brain Res Rev. 1999 Apr;29(2-3):169-95
references: 10209231
references: Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2011 Jan 15;35(1):47-52
references: 20713113
references: Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2010 Jun;34(7):1015-22
references: 20006645
references: Clin Neurophysiol. 2003 Feb;114(2):171-83
references: 12559224
references: Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol. 1981 Apr;51(4):434-42
references: 6164542
references: Neuroimage. 2011 Feb 14;54(4):3040-7
references: 20946963
references: Mindfulness (N Y). 2013 Mar 1;4(1):null
references: 24244224
references: Cogn Process. 2010 Feb;11(1):1-7
references: 20041276
references: Neurosci Lett. 2001 Sep 7;310(1):57-60
references: 11524157
references: PLoS One. 2013;8(3):e59595
references: 23544076
references: Psychophysiology. 1993 Nov;30(6):547-58
references: 8248447