title: More than resisting temptation: Beneficial habits mediate the relationship between self-control and positive life outcomes.
abstract: Why does self-control predict such a wide array of positive life outcomes? Conventional wisdom holds that self-control is used to effortfully inhibit maladaptive impulses, yet this view conflicts with emerging evidence that self-control is associated with less inhibition in daily life. We propose that one of the reasons individuals with better self-control use less effortful inhibition, yet make better progress on their goals is that they rely on beneficial habits. Across 6 studies (total N = 2,274), we found support for this hypothesis. In Study 1, habits for eating healthy snacks, exercising, and getting consistent sleep mediated the effect of self-control on both increased automaticity and lower reported effortful inhibition in enacting those behaviors. In Studies 2 and 3, study habits mediated the effect of self-control on reduced motivational interference during a work-leisure conflict and on greater ability to study even under difficult circumstances. In Study 4, homework habits mediated the effect of self-control on classroom engagement and homework completion. Study 5 was a prospective longitudinal study of teenage youth who participated in a 5-day meditation retreat. Better self-control before the retreat predicted stronger meditation habits 3 months after the retreat, and habits mediated the effect of self-control on successfully accomplishing meditation practice goals. Finally, in Study 6, study habits mediated the effect of self-control on homework completion and 2 objectively measured long-term academic outcomes: grade point average and first-year college persistence. Collectively, these results suggest that beneficial habits-perhaps more so than effortful inhibition-are an important factor linking self-control with positive life outcomes.
authors: Department of Psychology.
authors: Brian M
authors: BM
authors: Galla
authors: Department of Psychology.
authors: Angela L
authors: AL
authors: Duckworth
mesh_terms: D000124:Achievement; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006040:Goals; D006184:Habits; D006801:Humans; D007266:Inhibition, Psychological; D008297:Male; D019122:Meditation / Q000523:psychology*; D000068356:Self-Control / Q000523:psychology*; D055815:Young Adult
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