title: Non-pharmacological strategies for treatment of inpatient depression.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the evidence for non-pharmacological interventions in the treatment of moderate to severe depression in an inpatient setting.
  
  
  METHODS
  An integrative review of original research papers was conducted. The electronic databases CINAHL, MEDLINE and PsychINFO were searched using the following search terms: depression, psychosocial, psychosocial intervention, therapy, and inpatient.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twelve studies were identified in the search for non-psychopharmacological interventions for depression commenced in an inpatient setting. The interventions included psychotherapies, behavioural activation, and chronotherapeutic interventions (controlled exposure to environmental stimuli). These studies suggest it is possible to engage severely depressed inpatients in structured interventions in an inpatient environment. The majority of studies reported favourable outcomes for the interventions compared to a control, but methodological issues were common.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A diverse range of treatment strategies has been identified in this review. These studies provide evidence that non-pharmacological treatments for depression can be given to enhance outcomes and that research can be undertaken in inpatient settings. Whilst the evidence base has limitations, this review also highlights therapeutic and research opportunities in this area.
authors: Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand marie.crowe@otago.ac.nz.
authors: Marie
authors: M
authors: Crowe
authors: Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand.
authors: Ben
authors: B
authors: Beaglehole
authors: Specialist Mental Health Services, Canterbury District Health Board, Christchurch, New Zealand.
authors: Hayley
authors: H
authors: Wells
authors: Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand.
authors: Richard
authors: R
authors: Porter
mesh_terms: D019454:Chronotherapy / Q000523:psychology*; D003863:Depression / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007297:Inpatients / Q000523:psychology*; D011613:Psychotherapy
keywords: Clinical trials; depression; inpatient; mood disorders; psychotherapy