title: A novel protein-repellent dental composite containing 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine.
abstract: Secondary caries due to biofilm acids is a primary cause of dental composite restoration failure. To date, there have been no reports of dental composites that can repel protein adsorption and inhibit bacteria attachment. The objectives of this study were to develop a protein-repellent dental composite by incorporating 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC) and to investigate for the first time the effects of MPC mass fraction on protein adsorption, bacteria attachment, biofilm growth, and mechanical properties. Composites were synthesized with 0 (control), 0.75%, 1.5%, 2.25%, 3%, 4.5% and 6% of MPC by mass. A commercial composite was also tested as a control. Mechanical properties were measured in three-point flexure. Protein adsorption onto the composite was determined by the microbicinchoninic acid method. A human saliva microcosm biofilm model was used. Early attachment at 4 h, biofilm at 2 days, live/dead staining and colony-forming units (CFUs) of biofilms grown on the composites were investigated. Composites with MPC of up to 3% had mechanical properties similar to those without MPC and those of the commercial control, whereas 4.5% and 6% MPC decreased the mechanical properties (P<0.05). Increasing MPC from 0 to 3% reduced the protein adsorption on composites (P<0.05). The composite with 3% MPC had protein adsorption that was 1/12 that of the control (P<0.05). Oral bacteria early attachment and biofilm growth were also greatly reduced on the composite with 3% MPC, compared to the control (P<0.05). In conclusion, incorporation of MPC into composites at 3% greatly reduced protein adsorption, bacteria attachment and biofilm CFUs, without compromising mechanical properties. Protein-repellent composites could help to repel bacteria attachment and plaque build-up to reduce secondary caries. The protein-repellent method might be applicable to other dental materials.
authors: 1] Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Division, Department of Endodontics, Prosthodontics and Operative Dentistry, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, USA [2] Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
authors: Ning
authors: N
authors: Zhang
authors: 1] Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Division, Department of Endodontics, Prosthodontics and Operative Dentistry, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, USA [2] State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
authors: Chen
authors: C
authors: Chen
authors: Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Division, Department of Endodontics, Prosthodontics and Operative Dentistry, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, USA.
authors: Mary As
authors: MA
authors: Melo
authors: Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
authors: Yu-Xing
authors: YX
authors: Bai
authors: State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
authors: Lei
authors: L
authors: Cheng
authors: 1] Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Division, Department of Endodontics, Prosthodontics and Operative Dentistry, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, USA [2] Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA [3] Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA [4] Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, USA.
authors: Hockin Hk
authors: HH
authors: Xu
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D018441:Biofilms; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D003188:Composite Resins / Q000737:chemistry*; D003773:Dental Plaque / Q000382:microbiology; D008689:Methacrylates / Q000032:analysis*; D010767:Phosphorylcholine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000032:analysis; D011506:Proteins / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D003188:Composite Resins; D008689:Methacrylates; D011506:Proteins; D010767:Phosphorylcholine; C070638:2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine
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