title: Burns in the head and neck: A national representative analysis of emergency department visits.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Head and neck burns (HNBs) engender serious sequelae including airway edema, speech/swallowing dysfunction, sensory deficits, and scarring/disfigurement, often requiring significant reconstructive surgery. We used a nationally representative resource to estimate the number of visits to emergency departments (EDs), analyze burn types and demographic patterns, and identify specific consumer products involved.
  
  
  METHODS
  The National Electronic Injury Surveillance System was evaluated for the most recent 5-year period available. HNB ED visits were identified, and patient records were evaluated for consumer products facilitating injury, along with other ED visit and patient characteristics.
  
  
  RESULTS
  From 2009 to 2013, 6,326 cases extrapolating to 233,431 ED visits nationally were identified. Males were predominantly impacted (64.1%). Although adults overall comprised the majority of patients (59.7%), children between 1 and 2 years of age had the highest incidence (21,544 ED visits nationally). The most common consumer products facilitating HNB included welding equipment, hot water, gasoline, bleaches, and cookware. Most injuries involved the face (55%), whereas the most common etiologies included thermal (40%), chemical (23%), and scald (22%) burns. Consumer products and injury patterns varied by patient age.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HNBs significantly impact healthcare delivery, as over 200,000 visits reportedly presented to EDs over the 5-year period studied. Consumer products facilitating visits and associated patient demographics described may guide history, clinical examination, and identification of secondary injuries. In particular, age-specific patterns detailed may be included in consumer education and patient counseling to facilitate injury prevention, as office visits provide an opportunity to counsel patients.
authors: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, U.S.A.
authors: Cameron M
authors: CM
authors: Heilbronn
authors: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, U.S.A.
authors: Peter F
authors: PF
authors: Svider
authors: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, U.S.A.|Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, U.S.A.
authors: Adam J
authors: AJ
authors: Folbe
authors: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, U.S.A.|Section of Otolaryngology, Department of Surgery, John D. Dingell VA Medical Center, Detroit, Michigan, U.S.A.|Division of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, U.S.A.
authors: Mahdi A
authors: MA
authors: Shkoukani
authors: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, U.S.A.|Section of Otolaryngology, Department of Surgery, John D. Dingell VA Medical Center, Detroit, Michigan, U.S.A.|Division of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, U.S.A.
authors: Michael A
authors: MA
authors: Carron
authors: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, U.S.A.|Department of Neurological Surgery, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, U.S.A.|Center for Skull Base and Pituitary Surgery, Neurological Institute of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey, U.S.A.
authors: Jean Anderson
authors: JA
authors: Eloy
authors: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, U.S.A.|Section of Otolaryngology, Department of Surgery, John D. Dingell VA Medical Center, Detroit, Michigan, U.S.A.|Division of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, U.S.A.
authors: Giancarlo
authors: G
authors: Zuliani
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002056:Burns / Q000453:epidemiology*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D006259:Craniocerebral Trauma / Q000453:epidemiology*; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D019838:Neck Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology*; D010343:Patient Admission / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: National Electronic Injury Surveillance System; burn; chemical burn; consumer product safety; electrical burn; facial burn; radiation burn; thermal burn