title: Changes in Effective Connectivity Between Dorsal and Ventral Prefrontal Regions Moderate Emotion Regulation.
abstract: Reappraisal, the cognitive reevaluation of a potentially emotionally arousing event, has been proposed to be based upon top-down appraisal systems within the prefrontal cortex (PFC). It still remains unclear, however, how different prefrontal regions interact to control and regulate emotional responses. We used fMRI and dynamic causal modeling (DCM) to characterize the functional interrelationships among dorsal and ventral PFC regions involved in reappraisal. Specifically, we examined the effective connectivity between the inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), dorsolateral PFC (DLPFC), and other reappraisal-related regions (supplementary motor area, supramarginal gyrus) during the up- and downregulation of emotions in response to highly arousing extreme sports film clips. We found DLPFC to be the central node of the prefrontal emotion regulation network, strongly interconnected with the IFG. The DCM analysis further revealed excitatory changes of connection strength from the DLPFC to the IFG and strong inhibitory changes of connection strength between the IFG and DLPFC during reappraisal. These bidirectional changes in connectivity strength indicate a feedback mechanism by which the IFG may select one out of several possible goal-appropriate reappraisals held active in working memory (represented in the DLPFC) and inhibits the DLPFC once the selection process is completed.
authors: Department of Education and Psychology.
authors: Carmen
authors: C
authors: Morawetz
authors: Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia.
authors: Stefan
authors: S
authors: Bode
authors: Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Christian-Albrecht University Kiel, Kiel 24118, Germany.
authors: Juergen
authors: J
authors: Baudewig
authors: Dahlem Institute for Neuroimaging of Emotion, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin 14195, Germany.
authors: Evgeniya
authors: E
authors: Kirilina
authors: Department of Education and Psychology.|Dahlem Institute for Neuroimaging of Emotion, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin 14195, Germany.
authors: Hauke R
authors: HR
authors: Heekeren
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000679:Amygdala / Q000502:physiology; D001931:Brain Mapping / Q000379:methods; D004644:Emotions / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005712:Galvanic Skin Response; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D009434:Neural Pathways / Q000502:physiology; D017397:Prefrontal Cortex / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: dynamic causal modeling; fMRI; inferior frontal gyrus; reappraisal