title: Prediction of falls and/or near falls in people with mild Parkinson's disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine factors associated with future falls and/or near falls in people with mild PD.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study included 141 participants with PD. Mean (SD) age and PD-duration were 68 (9.7) and 4 years (3.9), respectively. Their median (q1-q3) UPDRS III score was 13 (8-18). Those >80 years of age, requiring support in standing or unable to understand instructions were excluded. Self-administered questionnaires targeted freezing of gait, turning hesitations, walking difficulties in daily life, fatigue, fear of falling, independence in activities of daily living, dyskinesia, demographics, falls/near falls history, balance problems while dual tasking and pain. Clinical assessments addressed functional balance performance, retropulsion, comfortable gait speed, motor symptoms and cognition. All falls and near falls were subsequently registered in a diary during a six-month period. Risk factors for prospective falls and/or near falls were determined using logistic regression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sixty-three participants (45%) experienced ≥ 1 fall and/or near fall. Three factors were independent predictors of falls and/or near falls: fear of falling (OR = 1.032, p<0.001) history of near falls (OR = 3.475, p = 0.009) and retropulsion (OR = 2.813, p = 0.035). The strongest contributing factor was fear of falling, followed by a history of near falls and retropulsion.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Fear of falling seems to be an important issue to address already in mild PD as well as asking about prior near falls.
authors: Department of Neurology, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden; Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.
authors: Beata
authors: B
authors: Lindholm
authors: The PRO-CARE Group, School of Health and Society, Kristianstad University, Kristianstad, Sweden.
authors: Peter
authors: P
authors: Hagell
authors: Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden; Memory Clinic, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden.
authors: Oskar
authors: O
authors: Hansson
authors: Department of Health Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
authors: Maria H
authors: MH
authors: Nilsson
mesh_terms: D000058:Accidental Falls / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000150:complications*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
references: J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1999 Sep;67(3):300-7
references: 10449550
references: Physiother Res Int. 1999;4(3):190-200
references: 10581625
references: Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2000 Jul 1;6(3):165-170
references: 10817956
references: J Neurosci Nurs. 2000 Aug;32(4):222-8
references: 10994536
references: Age Ageing. 2001 Jan;30(1):47-52
references: 11322672
references: Clin Rehabil. 2001 Jun;15(3):241-6
references: 11386393
references: Gerontology. 2001 Sep-Oct;47(5):277-81
references: 11490147
references: J Neurol. 2001 Nov;248(11):950-8
references: 11757958
references: Neurology. 2001 Nov;57(10 Suppl 3):S11-26
references: 11775596
references: J Psychiatr Res. 1975 Nov;12(3):189-98
references: 1202204
references: J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2002 Jun;72(6):721-5
references: 12023412
references: Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2003 Nov;84(11):1669-74
references: 14639568
references: Can J Public Health. 1992 Jul-Aug;83 Suppl 2:S7-11
references: 1468055
references: J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2004 Sep;75(9):1245-54
references: 15314109
references: Exp Neurol. 2005 Jun;193(2):504-21
references: 15869953
references: J Am Geriatr Soc. 2005 Sep;53(9):1618-22
references: 16137297
references: J Pain Symptom Manage. 2006 Nov;32(5):420-32
references: 17085268
references: J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2007 Jul;78(7):678-84
references: 17119004
references: Phys Ther. 2008 Jun;88(6):733-46
references: 18356292
references: Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2009 Feb;15(2):110-5
references: 18487069
references: Mov Disord. 2009 Apr 15;24(5):655-61
references: 19127595
references: Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc. 2008;2008:1262-5
references: 19162896
references: Mov Disord. 2009 Jul 15;24(9):1280-9
references: 19425059
references: PLoS One. 2009;4(5):e5521
references: 19436724
references: Neuro Endocrinol Lett. 2009;30(4):453-7
references: 20010494
references: Acta Neurol Scand. 2011 Jan;123(1):20-7
references: 20199514
references: Neurology. 2010 Jul 13;75(2):116-24
references: 20574039
references: Mov Disord. 2010 Oct 30;25(14):2369-78
references: 20737542
references: BMC Neurol. 2010 Sep 23;10:85
references: 20863392
references: BMC Geriatr. 2010 Oct 25;10:78
references: 20973974
references: Neurology. 2010 Nov 9;75(19):1717-25
references: 21060094
references: Mov Disord. 2010 Nov 15;25(15):2649-53
references: 21069833
references: Acta Neurol Scand. 2011 Jun;123(6):424-9
references: 21492098
references: Parkinsons Dis. 2012;2012:713236
references: 21941686
references: J Neurol. 2012 Apr;259(4):729-38
references: 21956376
references: Parkinsons Dis. 2012;2012:918719
references: 22135764
references: J Gerontol. 1990 Nov;45(6):P239-43
references: 2229948
references: J Am Geriatr Soc. 1990 Dec;38(12):1321-5
references: 2254571
references: Mov Disord. 2012 Aug;27(9):1125-8
references: 22692724
references: Phys Ther. 2013 May;93(5):628-36
references: 23288910
references: Parkinsons Dis. 2013;2013:906274
references: 23533953
references: J Parkinsons Dis. 2013 Jan 1;3(3):409-13
references: 23948987
references: BMC Neurol. 2014 Jan 24;14:19
references: 24456482
references: Disabil Rehabil. 2014;36(26):2216-24
references: 24670191
references: BMC Geriatr. 2014 May 21;14:66
references: 24884466
references: J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1989 Mar;52(3):324-8
references: 2647907
references: J Pain Symptom Manage. 1997 Feb;13(2):63-74
references: 9095563
references: Disabil Rehabil. 1998 Apr;20(4):142-50
references: 9571381