title: DNA damage in B and T lymphocytes of farmers during one pesticide spraying season.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The effect of one pesticide spraying season on DNA damage was measured on B and T lymphocytes among open-field farmers and controls.
  
  
  METHODS
  At least two peripheral blood samples were collected from each individual: one in a period without any pesticide application, several weeks after the last use (January, at period P0), and another in the intensive pesticide spraying period (May or June, at period P4). DNA damage was studied by alkaline comet assay on isolated B or T lymphocytes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Longitudinal comparison of DNA damage observed at both P0 and P4 periods revealed a statistically significant genotoxic effect of the pesticide spraying season in both B (P = 0.02) and T lymphocytes (P = 0.02) in exposed farmers. In contrast, non-farmers did not show any significant modifications. DNA damage levels in B and T lymphocytes were significantly higher in farmers than in non-farmers during the P4 period (P = 0.003 and P = 0.001 for B and T lymphocytes, respectively) but not during the P0 period. The seasonal effect observed among farmers was not correlated with either total farm area, farm area devoted to crops or recent solar exposure. On average, farmers used pesticides for 21 days between P0 and P4. Between the two time points studied, there was a tendency for a potential effect of the number of days of fungicide treatments (r (2) = 0.43; P = 0.11) on T lymphocyte DNA damage.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A genotoxic effect was found in lymphocytes of farmers exposed to pesticides, suggesting in particular the possible implication of fungicides.
authors: Univ. Caen Basse-Normandie, Cancers et Préventions, IFR146 ICORE, 14000, Caen, France.|INSERM, UMR 1086, 14000, Caen, France.|Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer François Baclesse, 14076, Caen, France.
authors: Pierre
authors: P
authors: Lebailly
authors: INRA, UMR 1331, Toxalim, Research Centre in Food Toxicology, 31027, Toulouse, France.|Université de Toulouse, UPS, UMR 1331, Toxalim, 31062, Toulouse, France.
authors: Gladys
authors: G
authors: Mirey
authors: INSERM, UMR 1027, Université de Toulouse, UPS, 31000, Toulouse, France.|CHU Toulouse, Service des Maladies Professionnelles et Environnementales, 31059, Toulouse, France.
authors: Fabrice
authors: F
authors: Herin
authors: Univ. Caen Basse-Normandie, Cancers et Préventions, IFR146 ICORE, 14000, Caen, France.|INSERM, UMR 1086, 14000, Caen, France.|Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer François Baclesse, 14076, Caen, France.
authors: Yannick
authors: Y
authors: Lecluse
authors: INRA, UMR 1331, Toxalim, Research Centre in Food Toxicology, 31027, Toulouse, France.|Université de Toulouse, UPS, UMR 1331, Toxalim, 31062, Toulouse, France.
authors: Bernard
authors: B
authors: Salles
authors: INRA, UMR 1331, Toxalim, Research Centre in Food Toxicology, 31027, Toulouse, France. elisa.boutet@univ-tlse3.fr.|Université de Toulouse, UPS, UMR 1331, Toxalim, 31062, Toulouse, France. elisa.boutet@univ-tlse3.fr.|Equipe « Génotoxicité et Signalisation » - Toxalim - UMR 1331, INRA/INP/UPS, 180 chemin de Tournefeuille, BP 93173, 31027, Toulouse Cedex 3, France. elisa.boutet@univ-tlse3.fr.
authors: Elisa
authors: E
authors: Boutet-Robinet
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects*; D000069599:Crop Production; D004249:DNA Damage; D000067565:Farmers; D005602:France; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D010575:Pesticides / Q000633:toxicity*; D012621:Seasons; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D010575:Pesticides
keywords: Comet assay; DNA damage; Lymphocytes; Occupational exposure; Pesticides
references: Mutat Res. 2000 Sep 20;469(2):181-97
references: 10984679
references: Int J Radiat Biol. 2001 Mar;77(3):329-39
references: 11258847
references: DNA Repair (Amst). 2013 May 1;12(5):326-33
references: 23473643
references: Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2013 Jul 1;86(3):440-9
references: 23433795
references: Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 1998 Oct;7(10):917-27
references: 9796638
references: Mutat Res. 2006 Mar;612(2):84-104
references: 16314140
references: IARC Monogr Eval Carcinog Risks Hum. 1991;53:5-586
references: 1688189
references: FASEB J. 2002 Jan;16(1):45-53
references: 11772935
references: Cancer Causes Control. 2007 Jun;18(5):457-78
references: 17443416
references: Mutagenesis. 2003 Mar;18(2):201-5
references: 12621077
references: Environ Health Perspect. 2010 Aug;118(8):1117-25
references: 20444670
references: Hum Exp Toxicol. 2012 May;31(5):492-505
references: 21868589
references: Mutagenesis. 2010 Mar;25(2):109-11
references: 20064897
references: Mutat Res. 2009 Jan;672(1):1-9
references: 19028601
references: Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 1998 Oct;7(10):929-40
references: 9796639
references: Mutat Res. 1991 May;260(1):105-13
references: 2027334
references: Mutat Res. 2003 Jun;543(3):251-72
references: 12787816
references: Mutat Res. 2003 Jul 8;538(1-2):109-19
references: 12834760
references: Toxicol Lett. 2002 Aug 5;134(1-3):87-95
references: 12191865
references: Mutat Res. 1999 May 17;441(2):225-37
references: 10333536
references: Scand J Work Environ Health. 2000 Oct;26(5):436-42
references: 11103843
references: Cancer Causes Control. 2007 Dec;18(10):1209-26
references: 17874193
references: Mutat Res. 2006 Jan 29;593(1-2):143-52
references: 16095632
references: Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 2004 Nov;77(8):559-70
references: 15688248
references: Cell Biol Toxicol. 2009 Feb;25(1):53-64
references: 18040874
references: Mutagenesis. 2006 Mar;21(2):93-103
references: 16567350
references: Occup Environ Med. 2003 Dec;60(12):910-7
references: 14634181
references: Mutat Res. 2004 Feb 14;557(2):109-17
references: 14729365
references: Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2000 Oct;9(10):1005-15
references: 11045781
references: Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 1996 May;5(5):361-9
references: 9162302
references: Mutat Res. 2005 Nov 10;587(1-2):90-102
references: 16140568
references: J Toxicol Environ Health B Crit Rev. 2012;15(4):238-63
references: 22571220
references: Epidemiology. 2007 Nov;18(6):769-75
references: 18062064
references: Mutat Res. 2004 May;566(3):209-29
references: 15082238
references: Mutagenesis. 2008 May;23(3):191-205
references: 18326867
references: Mcgill J Med. 2009 Jan;12(1):70-7
references: 19753293
references: Epidemiology. 1995 Jul;6(4):396-402
references: 7548348
references: Radiat Res. 1990 Apr;122(1):86-94
references: 2320728
references: Mutat Res. 1998 Nov 9;419(1-3):79-90
references: 9804902
references: Mutat Res. 1986 Jan-Feb;159(1-2):99-102
references: 3484538
references: Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 1995;67(5):305-10
references: 8543378
references: IARC Monogr Eval Carcinog Risks Hum Suppl. 1987;7:1-440
references: 3482203