title: Angry responses to infant challenges: parent, marital, and child genetic factors associated with harsh parenting.
abstract: This study examined genetic and environmental influences on harsh parenting of adopted 9-month-olds (N = 503), with an emphasis on positive child-, parent-, and family-level characteristics. Evocative gene-environment correlation (rGE) was examined by testing the effect of both positive and negative indices of birth parent temperament on adoptive parents' harsh parenting. Adoptive fathers' harsh parenting was inversely related to birth mother positive temperament, indicating evocative rGE, as well as to marital quality. Adoptive parents' negative temperamental characteristics were related to hostile parenting for both fathers and mothers. Findings support the importance of enhancing positive family characteristics in addition to mitigating negative characteristics, as well as engaging multiple levels of the family system to prevent harsh parenting.
authors: UCLA Semel Institute for Neuroscience & Human Behavior.
authors: Nastassia
authors: N
authors: Hajal
authors: Jenae
authors: J
authors: Neiderhiser
authors: Ginger
authors: G
authors: Moore
authors: Leslie
authors: L
authors: Leve
authors: Daniel
authors: D
authors: Shaw
authors: Gordon
authors: G
authors: Harold
authors: Laura
authors: L
authors: Scaramella
authors: Jody
authors: J
authors: Ganiban
authors: David
authors: D
authors: Reiss
mesh_terms: D000300:Adoption / Q000523:psychology*; D000328:Adult; D000786:Anger / Q000502:physiology; D005195:Family Relations / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D059647:Gene-Environment Interaction; D006791:Hostility; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D010287:Parent-Child Relations; D016487:Parenting / Q000523:psychology; D010290:Parents / Q000523:psychology*; D013694:Temperament / Q000502:physiology*
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