title: Serogroup A meningococcal conjugate (PsA-TT) vaccine coverage and measles vaccine coverage in Burkina Faso--implications for introduction of PsA-TT into the Expanded Programme on Immunization.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A new serogroup A meningococcal conjugate vaccine (PsA-TT, MenAfriVac™) has been developed to combat devastating serogroup A Neisseria meningitis (MenA) epidemics in Africa. A mass immunization campaign targeting 1-29 year olds was conducted in Burkina Faso in December 2010. Protection of subsequent infant cohorts will be necessary through either introduction of PsA-TT into the routine Expanded Programme on Immunization (EPI) or periodic repeat mass vaccination campaigns.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To inform future immunization policy for PsA-TT vaccination of infants through a comparison of PsA-TT campaign vaccination coverage and routine measles-containing vaccine (MCV) coverage in Burkina Faso.
  
  
  METHODS
  A national survey was conducted in Burkina Faso during December 17-27, 2011 using stratified cluster sampling to assess PsA-TT vaccine coverage achieved by the 2010 nationwide immunization campaign among 2-30 year olds and routine MCV coverage among 12-23 month olds. Coverage estimates and 95% Confidence Intervals (CI) were calculated, reasons for non-vaccination and methods of campaign communication were described, and a multivariable analysis for factors associated with vaccination was conducted.
  
  
  RESULTS
  National overall PsA-TT campaign coverage was 95.9% (95% CI: 95.0-96.7) with coverage greater than 90% all 13 regions of Burkina Faso. National overall routine MCV coverage was 92.5% (95% CI: 90.5-94.1), but ranged from 75.3% to 95.3% by region. The primary predictor for PsA-TT vaccination among all age groups was a head of household informed of the campaign. PsA-TT vaccination was more likely in residents of rural settings, whereas MCV vaccination was more likely in residents of urban settings.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Overall national vaccination rates in Burkina Faso were similar for PsA-TT and MCV vaccine. The regions with MCV coverage below targets may be at risk for sub-optimal vaccination coverage if PsA-TT is introduced in EPI. These results highlight the need for assessments of routine vaccination coverage to guide PsA-TT immunization policy in meningitis belt countries.
authors: Meningitis and Vaccine Preventable Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road NE, MS C25, Atlanta, GA 30333, United States; Epidemic Intelligence Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road NE, MS E92, Atlanta, GA 30333, United States. Electronic address: smeyer@cdc.gov.
authors: Sarah A
authors: SA
authors: Meyer
authors: Direction de la Prévention par les Vaccinations, Burkina Faso Ministry of Health, 03 BP 7009 Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. Electronic address: kambouludo@hotmail.com.
authors: Jean Ludovic
authors: JL
authors: Kambou
authors: Meningitis and Vaccine Preventable Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road NE, MS C25, Atlanta, GA 30333, United States. Electronic address: anc0@cdc.gov.
authors: Amanda
authors: A
authors: Cohn
authors: Global Immunizations Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road NE, MS A04, Atlanta, GA 30333, United States. Electronic address: fez9@cdc.gov.
authors: James L
authors: JL
authors: Goodson
authors: Global Immunizations Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road NE, MS A04, Atlanta, GA 30333, United States. Electronic address: bif4@cdc.gov.
authors: Brendan
authors: B
authors: Flannery
authors: Direction de la Lutte contre la Maladie, Burkina Faso Ministry of Health, 03 BP 7009 Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. Electronic address: isaiemedah@yahoo.fr.
authors: Isaïe
authors: I
authors: Medah
authors: Meningitis and Vaccine Preventable Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road NE, MS C25, Atlanta, GA 30333, United States. Electronic address: nar5@cdc.gov.
authors: Nancy
authors: N
authors: Messonnier
authors: Meningitis and Vaccine Preventable Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road NE, MS C25, Atlanta, GA 30333, United States. Electronic address: bnk4@cdc.gov.
authors: Ryan
authors: R
authors: Novak
authors: Meningitis and Vaccine Preventable Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road NE, MS C25, Atlanta, GA 30333, United States. Electronic address: fed2@cdc.gov.
authors: Fabien
authors: F
authors: Diomande
authors: World Health Organization Intercountry Support Team for West Africa, 158 Avenue de l'Indépendance, 03 BP 7019 Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. Electronic address: djingareyh@who.int.
authors: Mamoudou H
authors: MH
authors: Djingarey
authors: Meningitis and Vaccine Preventable Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road NE, MS C25, Atlanta, GA 30333, United States. Electronic address: tnc4@cdc.gov.
authors: Thomas A
authors: TA
authors: Clark
authors: Direction de la Lutte contre la Maladie, Burkina Faso Ministry of Health, 03 BP 7009 Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. Electronic address: yameogoissaka@yahoo.fr.
authors: Issaka
authors: I
authors: Yameogo
authors: World Health Organization Intercountry Support Team for West Africa, 158 Avenue de l'Indépendance, 03 BP 7019 Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. Electronic address: falla@who.int.
authors: Amadou
authors: A
authors: Fall
authors: Global Immunizations Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road NE, MS A04, Atlanta, GA 30333, United States. Electronic address: kpw9@cdc.gov.
authors: Kathleen
authors: K
authors: Wannemuehler
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000349:Africa; D002050:Burkina Faso / Q000453:epidemiology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D019538:Health Care Surveys / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006291:Health Policy; D006801:Humans; D017589:Immunization Programs / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008458:Measles Vaccine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008585:Meningitis, Meningococcal / Q000517:prevention & control; D022401:Meningococcal Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D038381:Neisseria meningitidis, Serogroup A / Q000276:immunology*; D062486:Public Health Surveillance; D019035:Rural Health Services; D018074:Vaccines, Conjugate / Q000008:administration & dosage; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D008458:Measles Vaccine; C573970:MenAfriVac; D022401:Meningococcal Vaccines; D018074:Vaccines, Conjugate
keywords: Burkina Faso; Conjugate meningococcal vaccine; Measles; Measles vaccine; PsA-TT; Serogroup A meningococcal meningitis
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