title: Association of childhood physical and sexual abuse with intimate partner violence, poor general health and depressive symptoms among pregnant women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We examined associations of childhood physical and sexual abuse with risk of intimate partner violence (IPV). We also evaluated the extent to which childhood abuse was associated with self-reported general health status and symptoms of antepartum depression in a cohort of pregnant Peruvian women.
  
  
  METHODS
  In-person interviews were conducted to collect information regarding history of childhood abuse and IPV from 1,521 women during early pregnancy. Antepartum depressive symptomatology was evaluated using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9. Multivariable logistic regression procedures were used to estimate adjusted odds ratios (aOR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Any childhood abuse was associated with 2.2-fold increased odds of lifetime IPV (95%CI: 1.72-2.83). Compared with women who reported no childhood abuse, those who reported both, childhood physical and sexual abuse had a 7.14-fold lifetime risk of physical and sexual IPV (95%CI: 4.15-12.26). The odds of experiencing physical and sexual abuse by an intimate partner in the past year was 3.33-fold higher among women with a history of childhood physical and sexual abuse as compared to women who were not abused as children (95%CI 1.60-6.89). Childhood abuse was associated with higher odds of self-reported poor health status during early pregnancy (aOR = 1.32, 95%CI: 1.04-1.68) and with symptoms of antepartum depression (aOR = 2.07, 95%CI: 1.58-2.71).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data indicate that childhood sexual and physical abuse is associated with IPV, poor general health and depressive symptoms in early pregnancy. The high prevalence of childhood trauma and its enduring effects of on women's health warrant concerted global health efforts in preventing violence.
authors: Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States of America.
authors: Yasmin V
authors: YV
authors: Barrios
authors: Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States of America.
authors: Bizu
authors: B
authors: Gelaye
authors: Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States of America.
authors: Qiuyue
authors: Q
authors: Zhong
authors: School of Social Work, Portland State University, Portland, OR, United States of America.
authors: Christina
authors: C
authors: Nicolaidis
authors: Department of Medicine, Section on Psychiatry and Mental Health, Cayetano Heredia Peruvian University, Lima, Peru.
authors: Marta B
authors: MB
authors: Rondon
authors: Instituto Nacional Materno Perinatal, Lima, Peru.
authors: Pedro J
authors: PJ
authors: Garcia
authors: Instituto Nacional Materno Perinatal, Lima, Peru.
authors: Pedro A Mascaro
authors: PA
authors: Sanchez
authors: Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas, Lima, Peru; Asociación Civil PROESA, Lima, Peru.
authors: Sixto E
authors: SE
authors: Sanchez
authors: Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States of America.
authors: Michelle A
authors: MA
authors: Williams
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D054523:Adult Survivors of Child Abuse; D002650:Child Abuse, Sexual / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003863:Depression / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008016:Life Change Events; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D010568:Peru / Q000453:epidemiology; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D037841:Pregnant People; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D013179:Spouse Abuse / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult
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