title: Essential oils purified from Schisandrae semen inhibits tumor necrosis factor-α-induced matrix metalloproteinase-9 activation and migration of human aortic smooth muscle cells.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The migration of vascular smooth muscle cells from the tunica media to the subendothelial region may be a key event in the development of atherosclerosis after arterial injury. In this study, we investigated the potential mechanisms underlying the anti-atherosclerotic effects of Schisandrae Semen essential oil (SSeo) in human aortic smooth muscle cells (HASMCs).
  
  
  METHODS
  Metalloproteinase-2/9 (MMP-2/9) activity was evaluated by gelatin zymography and gelatinase activity assay kit. The possible mechanisms underlying SSeo-mediated reduction of by tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α-induced cell invasion and inhibition of secreted and cytosolic MMP-9 production in HASMCs were investigated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Our results indicate that SSeo treatment has an inhibitory effect on activation as well as expression of MMP-9 induced by TNF-α in HASMCs in a dose-dependent manner without significant cytotoxicity. SSeo attenuated nuclear translocation of TNF-α-mediated nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and blocked degradation of the NF-κB inhibitor proteins as well as the production of reactive oxygen species. SSeo also reduced TNF-α-induced production of pro-inflammatory mediators such as nitric oxide and prostaglandin E2 and inhibited inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 expression in HASMCs. Furthermore, the Matrigel migration assay showed that SSeo effectively reduced TNF-α-induced HASMC migration compared with that in the control group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Taken together, these results suggest that SSeo treatment suppresses TNF-α-induced HASMC migration by selectively inhibiting MMP-9 expression, which was associated with suppression of the NF-κB signaling pathway. Taken together, these results suggest that SSeo has putative potential anti-atherosclerotic activity.
authors: Department of Biochemistry, Dongeui University College of Korean Medicine, Busan, 614-052, Republic of Korea. jinwooyo@nate.com.
authors: Jin-Woo
authors: JW
authors: Jeong
authors: Research Institute, Bio-Port Korea INC, Marine Bio-industry Development Center, Busan, 619-912, Republic of Korea. warii@paran.com.
authors: Joo Wan
authors: JW
authors: Kim
authors: Department of Anatomy and Histology, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan, 712-715, Republic of Korea. gucci200@hanmail.net.
authors: Sae Kwang
authors: SK
authors: Ku
authors: Research Institute, Bio-Port Korea INC, Marine Bio-industry Development Center, Busan, 619-912, Republic of Korea. bioport@naver.com.
authors: Sung Goo
authors: SG
authors: Kim
authors: Research Institute, Bio-Port Korea INC, Marine Bio-industry Development Center, Busan, 619-912, Republic of Korea. bioportkorea@naver.com.
authors: Ki Young
authors: KY
authors: Kim
authors: Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju, 690-756, Republic of Korea. immunkim@cheju.ac.kr.
authors: Gi-Young
authors: GY
authors: Kim
authors: Anti-Aging Research Center & Blue-Bio Industry RIC, Dongeui University, Busan, 614-714, Republic of Korea. hhj2001@deu.ac.kr.|Department of Food and Nutrition, Dongeui University, Busan, 614-714, Republic of Korea. hhj2001@deu.ac.kr.
authors: Hye Jin
authors: HJ
authors: Hwang
authors: Anti-Aging Research Center & Blue-Bio Industry RIC, Dongeui University, Busan, 614-714, Republic of Korea. bwkim@deu.ac.kr.|Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dongeui University, Busan, 614-714, Republic of Korea. bwkim@deu.ac.kr.
authors: Byung Woo
authors: BW
authors: Kim
authors: Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention (MRCA), Department of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, 609-735, Republic of Korea. hyjung@pusan.ac.kr.
authors: Hae Young
authors: HY
authors: Chung
authors: Department of Biochemistry, Busan National University College of Medicine, Yangsan, 626-870, Republic of Korea. kimcm@pusan.ac.kr.
authors: Cheol Min
authors: CM
authors: Kim
authors: Department of Biochemistry, Dongeui University College of Korean Medicine, Busan, 614-052, Republic of Korea. choiyh@deu.ac.kr.|Anti-Aging Research Center & Blue-Bio Industry RIC, Dongeui University, Busan, 614-714, Republic of Korea. choiyh@deu.ac.kr.
authors: Yung Hyun
authors: YH
authors: Choi
mesh_terms: D001011:Aorta / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000517:prevention & control; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects*; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000378:metabolism*; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D032389:Myocytes, Smooth Muscle / Q000187:drug effects; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D009822:Oils, Volatile / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D032141:Schisandra / Q000737:chemistry*; D012639:Seeds / Q000737:chemistry; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D016328:NF-kappa B; D009822:Oils, Volatile; D010936:Plant Extracts; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9
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