title: The Association between Vitamin D Levels and Urinary Tract Infection in Children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We aimed to examine whether there is any association between serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D3] and urinary tract infection (UTI) among children.
  
  
  METHODS
  White blood cell count, serum C-reactive protein, calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, parathormone, and serum 25(OH)D3 levels were measured in 82 children experiencing a ﬁrst episode of UTI, with no risk factors for UTI, and 64 healthy control children.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean serum levels of 25(OH)D3 among children with UTI were significantly lower than those of controls (11.7 ± 3.3 vs. 27.6 ± 4.7 ng/ml; p < 0.001). The serum levels of 25(OH)D3 were significantly lower in patients with acute pyelonephritis compared to patients with lower UTI (8.6 ± 2.8 vs. 14.2 ± 3.0 ng/ml; p < 0.001). Within the study group, mean serum levels of 25(OH)D3 among girls were lower than those of boys (10.9 ± 3.4 ng/ml vs. 13.2 ± 4.4 ng/ml; p < 0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that a serum 25(OH)D3 level of <20 ng/ml (odds ratio 3.503, 95% confidence interval 1.621-7.571; p = 0.001) was associated with UTI in children.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that vitamin D deficiency may be a risk factor for UTI in children.
authors: Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Adiyaman University, Adiyaman, Turkey.
authors: Mehmet
authors: M
authors: Tekin
authors: Capan
authors: C
authors: Konca
authors: Velat
authors: V
authors: Celik
authors: Habip
authors: H
authors: Almis
authors: Zelal
authors: Z
authors: Kahramaner
authors: Aydin
authors: A
authors: Erdemir
authors: Abdulgani
authors: A
authors: Gulyuz
authors: Fatih
authors: F
authors: Uckardes
authors: Mehmet
authors: M
authors: Turgut
mesh_terms: D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000097:blood; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D002112:Calcifediol / Q000097:blood*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007958:Leukocyte Count; D008297:Male; D010281:Parathyroid Hormone / Q000097:blood; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011704:Pyelonephritis / Q000097:blood*; D012737:Sex Factors; D014552:Urinary Tract Infections / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D010281:Parathyroid Hormone; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase; D002112:Calcifediol