title: Randomized comparison trial of density and context of upper limb intensive group versus individualized occupational therapy for children with unilateral cerebral palsy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether short-term intensive group-based therapy combining modified constraint-induced movement therapy and bimanual therapy (hybrid-CIMT) is more effective than an equal total dose of distributed individualized occupational therapy (standard care) on upper limb motor and individualized outcomes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-three children with unilateral cerebral palsy (69% males; mean age 7y 10mo, SD 2y 4mo; Manual Ability Classification System level I, n=24; level II, n=23) were randomly allocated, and 44 received either hybrid-CIMT (n=25) or standard care (n=19). Standard care comprised six weekly occupational therapy sessions and a 12-week home programme. Outcomes were assessed at baseline, 13 weeks, and 26 weeks after treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Groups were equivalent at baseline. Standard care achieved greater gains on satisfaction with occupational performance after intervention (estimated mean difference -1.2, 95% CI -2.2 to -0.1; p=0.04) and Assisting Hand Assessment at 26 weeks (estimated mean difference 3.1, 95% CI 0.2-6.0; p=0.04). Both groups demonstrated significant improvements in dexterity of the impaired upper limb, and bimanual and occupational performance over time. The differences between groups were not clinically meaningful.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There were no differences between the two models of therapy delivery. Group-based intensive camps may not be readily available; however, individualized standard care augmented with a home programme may offer an effective alternative but needs to be provided at a sufficient dose.
authors: Faculty of Health, Queensland Cerebral Palsy and Rehabilitation Research Centre, School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia.
authors: Leanne
authors: L
authors: Sakzewski
authors: Faculty of Health, Queensland Cerebral Palsy and Rehabilitation Research Centre, School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia.
authors: Laura
authors: L
authors: Miller
authors: School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia.
authors: Jenny
authors: J
authors: Ziviani
authors: Brain Research Institute, Florey Neurosciences Institutes (Austin), Melbourne, Vic., Australia.|Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.
authors: David F
authors: DF
authors: Abbott
authors: CSIRO, Australian e-Health Research Centre, University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Brisbane, Qld, Australia.
authors: Stephen
authors: S
authors: Rose
authors: Brain Research Institute, Florey Neurosciences Institutes (Austin), Melbourne, Vic., Australia.|Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.|Department of Neurology, Austin Health, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.
authors: Richard A L
authors: RA
authors: Macdonell
authors: Faculty of Health, Queensland Cerebral Palsy and Rehabilitation Research Centre, School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia.|School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia.
authors: Roslyn N
authors: RN
authors: Boyd
mesh_terms: D002547:Cerebral Palsy / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009788:Occupational Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D034941:Upper Extremity / Q000503:physiopathology*