title: Tuberculosis contact tracing among children and adolescent referred to children's hospital in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the investigation of latent tuberculosis infection and indication for isoniazid preventive therapy in children and adolescents evaluated at the children's hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  This retrospective study examines all latent tuberculosis infection subjects with indication for isoniazid preventive therapy attended during 2002-2009 at the pulmonology outpatient clinic from children's hospital in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The subjects were classified into three groups by origin: (G1) primary and secondary health units; (G2) children's hospital-pulmonology outpatient clinic; and (G3) children's hospital-specialty outpatient clinics. The association between the variables examined and G1 was analyzed using univariate analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 286 latent tuberculosis infection cases included 169 (59.1%) were from G1, 56 (19.6%) from G2, and 61 (21.3%) from G3. Latent tuberculosis infection diagnosis without isoniazid preventive therapy prescription was present in 142 (49.6%) cases before arrival at the pulmonology outpatient clinic: 135 (95.1%) from G1, three (2.1%) from G2, and four (2.8%) from G3. Variables associated with G1 were presence of isoniazid preventive therapy criteria before attending the pulmonology outpatient clinic (OR: 62.3; 26.6-146.2), negative HIV infection status (OR: 9.44; 1.16-76.3); contact with pulmonary tuberculosis (OR: 5.57; 1.99-15.5), and residing in Rio de Janeiro city (OR: 1.89; 1.04-3.44).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Strategies that increase latent tuberculosis infection identification and isoniazid preventive therapy prescription in primary and secondary health units are urgently needed.
authors: School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. Electronic address: angelamcm@uol.com.br.
authors: Angela Marcia Cabral
authors: AM
authors: Mendonça
authors: School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
authors: Afrânio Lineu
authors: AL
authors: Kritski
authors: School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
authors: Clemax Couto
authors: CC
authors: Sant'Anna
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000995:Antitubercular Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001938:Brazil; D002648:Child; D016358:Contact Tracing; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007538:Isoniazid / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D055985:Latent Tuberculosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014397:Tuberculosis, Pulmonary / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D000995:Antitubercular Agents; D007538:Isoniazid
keywords: Operational research; Pediatric tuberculosis; Preventive therapy
references: Trop Med Int Health. 2012 Oct;17(10):1264-73
references: 22862994
references: Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. 2005 Mar;36(2):331-40
references: 15916038
references: Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2009 Dec;13(12):1507-12
references: 19919768
references: JAMA. 1984 Mar 9;251(10):1283-5
references: 6366257
references: Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2003 Nov;7(11):1033-9
references: 14598961
references: Rev Lat Am Enfermagem. 2013 Jan-Feb;21 Spec No:190-8
references: 23459907
references: Rev Esc Enferm USP. 2008 Jun;42(2):262-7
references: 18642737
references: Rev Saude Publica. 2004 Jun;38(3):339-45
references: 15243661
references: Eur Respir J. 2013 Jan;41(1):140-56
references: 22936710
references: Chest. 2012 Sep;142(3):761-773
references: 22948580
references: Bull World Health Organ. 2013 Dec 1;91(12):932-941A
references: 24347732
references: Curr Opin Pediatr. 2012 Jun;24(3):319-28
references: 22568943
references: Lancet Infect Dis. 2013 Oct;13(10):852-8
references: 23954450