title: Molecular mechanisms of autophagy in the cardiovascular system.
abstract: Autophagy is a catabolic recycling pathway triggered by various intra- or extracellular stimuli that is conserved from yeast to mammals. During autophagy, diverse cytosolic constituents are enveloped by double-membrane vesicles, autophagosomes, which later fuse with lysosomes or the vacuole to degrade their cargo. Dysregulation in autophagy is associated with a diverse range of pathologies including cardiovascular disease, the leading cause of death in the world. As such, there is great interest in identifying novel mechanisms that govern the cardiovascular response to disease-related stress. First described in failing hearts, autophagy within the cardiovascular system has been characterized widely in cardiomyocytes, cardiac fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and vascular smooth muscle cells. In all cases, a window of optimal autophagic activity seems to be critical to the maintenance of cardiovascular homeostasis and function; excessive or insufficient levels of autophagic flux can each contribute to heart disease pathogenesis. Here, we review the molecular mechanisms that govern autophagosome formation and analyze the link between autophagy and cardiovascular disease.
authors: From the Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, and Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (D.G., D.J.K.); Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS) and Center for Molecular Studies of the Cell (CEMC), Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile (M.C., S.L.); and Department of Internal Medicine (Cardiology Division), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (S.L.).
authors: Damián
authors: D
authors: Gatica
authors: From the Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, and Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (D.G., D.J.K.); Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS) and Center for Molecular Studies of the Cell (CEMC), Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile (M.C., S.L.); and Department of Internal Medicine (Cardiology Division), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (S.L.).
authors: Mario
authors: M
authors: Chiong
authors: From the Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, and Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (D.G., D.J.K.); Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS) and Center for Molecular Studies of the Cell (CEMC), Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile (M.C., S.L.); and Department of Internal Medicine (Cardiology Division), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (S.L.).
authors: Sergio
authors: S
authors: Lavandero
authors: From the Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, and Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (D.G., D.J.K.); Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS) and Center for Molecular Studies of the Cell (CEMC), Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile (M.C., S.L.); and Department of Internal Medicine (Cardiology Division), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (S.L.). klionsky@umich.edu.
authors: Daniel J
authors: DJ
authors: Klionsky
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001343:Autophagy; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D032383:Myocytes, Cardiac / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology
keywords: atherosclerosis; blood vessels; cardiovascular diseases; heart; intracellular signaling proteins; muscle, smooth, vascular; myocytes, cardiac
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