title: The oral microbiota of patients with recurrent aphthous stomatitis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Specific pathogenic bacteria have been implicated in recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS), a chronic inflammatory condition characterised by ulcerations in the oral mucosa. However, the aetiology behind this condition still remains unclear.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The buccal microbiota of patients with RAS was compared to that of control subjects to investigate its potential role for this condition.
  
  
  METHODS
  Buccal swabs were obtained from non-ulcerative areas of 60 patients, of whom 42 patients had lesions at the time of sampling, and 60 healthy age- and gender-matched controls. Bacterial DNA was extracted and analysed by Terminal-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism, using enzymatic digestion of the polymerase chain reaction-amplified 16S rRNA gene, yielding a series of peaks, each representing a bacterial taxon.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two peaks, 60 and 489, were more prevalent in patients with RAS than controls. Conversely, peaks 58 and 490 were less common in patients than controls. When the patients were divided into subgroups, we found that the observed differences in peak-pattern were related to the presence of lesions during sampling.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The microbiota of the non-inflamed buccal mucosa differed between patients and controls. The differences were most pronounced in patients who presented with lesions during sampling, suggesting that a disturbance in the normal buccal microbiota triggers the presence of lesions or that presence of lesions alters the microbiota.
authors: Department of Oral Medicine & Pathology, Institute of Odontology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
authors: Maria
authors: M
authors: Bankvall
authors: Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
authors: Fei
authors: F
authors: Sjöberg
authors: Department of Oral Medicine & Pathology, Institute of Odontology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
authors: Gita
authors: G
authors: Gale
authors: Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
authors: Agnes
authors: A
authors: Wold
authors: Department of Oral Medicine & Pathology, Institute of Odontology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
authors: Mats
authors: M
authors: Jontell
authors: Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden; sofia.ostman@microbio.gu.se.
authors: Sofia
authors: S
authors: Östman
keywords: Terminal-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism; oral bacteria; oral cavity; oral mucosa; oral mucosal disease; oral ulceration
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