title: Sugars, organic acids, and phenolic compounds of ancient grape cultivars (Vitis vinifera L.) from Igdir province of Eastern Turkey.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The Eurasian grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) is the most widely cultivated and economically important horticultural crop in the world. As a one of the origin area, Anatolia played an important role in the diversification and spread of the cultivated form V. vinifera ssp. vinifera cultivars and also the wild form V. vinifera ssp. sylvestris ecotypes. Although several biodiversity studies have been conducted with local cultivars in different regions of Anatolia, no information has been reported so far on the biochemical (organic acids, sugars, phenolic acids, vitamin C) and antioxidant diversity of local historical table V. vinifera cultivars grown in Igdir province. In this work, we studied these traits in nine local table grape cultivars viz. 'Beyaz Kismis' (synonym name of Sultanina or Thompson seedless), 'Askeri', 'El Hakki', 'Kirmizi Kismis', 'Inek Emcegi', 'Hacabas', 'Kerim Gandi', 'Yazen Dayi', and 'Miskali' spread in the Igdir province of Eastern part of Turkey.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Variability of all studied parameters is strongly influenced by cultivars (P < 0.01). Among the cultivars investigated, 'Miskali' showed the highest citric acid content (0.959 g/l) while 'Kirmizi Kismis' produced predominant contents in tartaric acid (12.71 g/l). The highest glucose (16.47 g/100 g) and fructose (15.55 g/100 g) contents were provided with 'Beyaz Kismis'. 'Kirmizi Kismis' cultivar had also the highest quercetin (0.55 mg/l), o-coumaric acid (1.90 mg/l), and caffeic acid (2.73 mg/l) content. The highest ferulic acid (0.94 mg/l), and syringic acid (2.00 mg/l) contents were observed with 'Beyaz Kismis' cultivar. The highest antioxidant capacity was obtained as 9.09 μmol TE g(-1) from 'Inek Emcegi' in TEAC (Trolox equivalent Antioxidant Capacity) assay. 'Hacabas' cultivar had the highest vitamin C content of 35.74 mg/100 g.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Present results illustrated that the historical table grape cultivars grown in Igdir province of Eastern part of Turkey contained diverse and valuable sugars, organic acids, phenolic acids, Vitamin C values and demonstrated important antioxidant capacity for human health benefits. Further preservation and use of this gene pool will be helpful to avoid genetic erosion and to promote continued agriculture in the region.
authors: Agricultural Faculty, Department of Horticulture, Igdır University, Igdir, Turkey. peralatilla@gmail.com.
authors: Sadiye Peral
authors: SP
authors: Eyduran
authors: Agricultural Faculty, Department of Horticulture, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA. akinmeleksen@gmail.com.
authors: Meleksen
authors: M
authors: Akin
authors: Agricultural Faculty, Department of Horticulture, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey. sercisli@gmail.com.
authors: Sezai
authors: S
authors: Ercisli
authors: Agricultural Faculty, Department of Animal Science, Biometry Genetics Unit, Igdır University, Igdır, Turkey. ecevit.eyduran@gmail.com.
authors: Ecevit
authors: E
authors: Eyduran
authors: Scientific-Reaserch Center of Agriculture, Tbilisi, Georgia. david.maghradze@gmail.com.
authors: David
authors: D
authors: Maghradze
mesh_terms: D000143:Acids / Q000032:analysis; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000032:analysis; D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000032:analysis; D002109:Caffeic Acids / Q000032:analysis; D019343:Citric Acid / Q000032:analysis*; D003373:Coumaric Acids / Q000032:analysis; D018556:Crops, Agricultural / Q000737:chemistry / Q000145:classification; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000032:analysis*; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry*; D005707:Gallic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000032:analysis; D062385:Hydroxybenzoates / Q000032:analysis; D059808:Polyphenols / Q000032:analysis*; D013644:Tartrates / Q000032:analysis; D014421:Turkey; D027843:Vitis / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000145:classification
chemical_list: D000143:Acids; D000975:Antioxidants; D002109:Caffeic Acids; D003373:Coumaric Acids; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D062385:Hydroxybenzoates; D059808:Polyphenols; D013644:Tartrates; D019343:Citric Acid; D005707:Gallic Acid; C004999:ferulic acid; C001945:syringic acid; C017616:phenolic acid; D001205:Ascorbic Acid; C040048:caffeic acid; C029768:tartaric acid
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