title: The AvrE superfamily: ancestral type III effectors involved in suppression of pathogen-associated molecular pattern-triggered immunity.
abstract: The AvrE superfamily of type III effectors (T3Es) is widespread among type III-dependent phytobacteria and plays a crucial role during bacterial pathogenesis. Members of the AvrE superfamily are vertically inherited core effectors, indicating an ancestral acquisition of these effectors in bacterial plant pathogens. AvrE-T3Es contribute significantly to virulence by suppressing pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP)-triggered immunity. They inhibit salicylic acid-mediated plant defences, interfere with vesicular trafficking and promote bacterial growth in planta. AvrE-T3Es elicit cell death in both host and non-host plants independent of any known plant resistance protein, suggesting an original interaction with the plant immune system. Recent studies in yeast have indicated that they activate protein phosphatase 2A and inhibit serine palmitoyl transferase, the first enzyme of the sphingolipid biosynthesis pathway. In this review, we describe the current picture that has emerged from studies of the different members of this fascinating large family.
authors: AgroCampus-Ouest, UMR1345 Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences (IRHS), 49045, Angers, France.|UMR1345, IRHS, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), 49071, Beaucouzé, France.
authors: Alexandre
authors: A
authors: Degrave
authors: Focal Area Infection Biology, Biozentrum, University of Basel, CH-4056, Basel, Switzerland.
authors: Sabrina
authors: S
authors: Siamer
authors: UMR1345, IRHS, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), 49071, Beaucouzé, France.|UMR1345, IRHS, Université d'Angers, SFR 4207 QUASAV, PRES l'UNAM, 49045, Angers, France.
authors: Tristan
authors: T
authors: Boureau
authors: UMR1392, INRA, Institut d'Ecologie et des Sciences de l'Environnement, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC), Bât á 7ème Etage Case 237, 7 Quai St.-Bernard, 75252, Paris, France.
authors: Marie-Anne
authors: MA
authors: Barny
mesh_terms: D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000502:physiology*; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions; D014774:Virulence
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins
keywords: AvrE; PAMP-triggered immunity; protein phosphatase 2A; receptor-like kinase; sphingolipid
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