title: High-speed microscopy with an electrically tunable lens to image the dynamics of in vivo molecular complexes.
abstract: We provide an evaluation for an electrically tunable lens (ETL), combined with a microscope system, from the viewpoint of tracking intracellular protein complexes. We measured the correlation between the quantitative axial focus shift and the control current for ETL, and determined the stabilization time for refocusing to evaluate the electrical focusing behaviour of our system. We also confirmed that the change of relative magnification by the lens and associated resolution does not influence the ability to find intracellular targets. By applying the ETL system to observe intracellular structures and protein complexes, we confirmed that this system can obtain 10 nm order z-stacks, within video rate, while maintaining the quality of images and that this system has sufficient optical performance to detect the molecules.
authors: Department of Biosciences and Informatics, Keio University, Hiyoshi Kohoku Ward, Yokohama, Japan.
authors: Yuichiro
authors: Y
authors: Nakai
authors: Department of Biosciences and Informatics, Keio University, Hiyoshi Kohoku Ward, Yokohama, Japan.
authors: Mitsunori
authors: M
authors: Ozeki
authors: Department of Biosciences and Informatics, Keio University, Hiyoshi Kohoku Ward, Yokohama, Japan.
authors: Takumi
authors: T
authors: Hiraiwa
authors: Department of Biosciences and Informatics, Keio University, Hiyoshi Kohoku Ward, Yokohama, Japan.
authors: Ryuichi
authors: R
authors: Tanimoto
authors: Department of Biosciences and Informatics, Keio University, Hiyoshi Kohoku Ward, Yokohama, Japan.
authors: Akira
authors: A
authors: Funahashi
authors: Department of Biosciences and Informatics, Keio University, Hiyoshi Kohoku Ward, Yokohama, Japan.
authors: Noriko
authors: N
authors: Hiroi
authors: Imaging Science, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Japan.
authors: Atsushi
authors: A
authors: Taniguchi
authors: Imaging Science, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Japan.
authors: Shigenori
authors: S
authors: Nonaka
authors: Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
authors: Viviane
authors: V
authors: Boilot
authors: Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
authors: Roshan
authors: R
authors: Shrestha
authors: Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
authors: Joanna
authors: J
authors: Clark
authors: Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
authors: Naoka
authors: N
authors: Tamura
authors: Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
authors: Viji M
authors: VM
authors: Draviam
authors: Division of Electronics and Informatics, Gunma University, Kiryu, Japan.
authors: Hiromasa
authors: H
authors: Oku
mesh_terms: D003198:Computer Simulation; D055615:Electrical Equipment and Supplies; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D042541:Intracellular Space / Q000378:metabolism*; D007909:Lenses; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D008870:Microtubules / Q000378:metabolism; D010363:Pattern Recognition, Automated; D011506:Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D014741:Video Recording / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D011506:Proteins; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins