title: HLA-B allele and haplotype diversity among Thai patients identified by PCR-SSOP: evidence for high risk of drug-induced hypersensitivity.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There are 3 classes of HLA molecules; HLA class I, II and III, of which different classes have different functions. HLA-B gene which belongs to HLA class I play an important role predicting drug hypersensitivity.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nine hundred and eighty-six Thai subjects who registered at a pharmacogenomics laboratory were determined for HLA-B genotype using a two-stage sequence-specific oligonucleotide probe system (PCR-SSOP).
  
  
  RESULTS
  In this study, HLA-B alleles did not deviate from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (P > 0.05). The most common HLA-B alleles observed in this population were HLA-B (*) 46:01 (11.51%), HLA-B (*) 58:01 (8.62%), HLA-B (*) 40:01 (8.22%), HLA-B (*) 15:02 (8.16%) and HLA-B (*) 13:01 (6.95%). This finding revealed that HLA-B allele frequency in the Thai population was consistent with the Chinese population (p > 0.05), however, differed from the Malaysian population (p < 0.05). The top five HLA-B genotypes were HLA-B (*) 40:01/46:01 (2.13%), HLA-B (*) 46:01/46:01 (2.03%), HLA-B (*) 40:01/58:01 (2.03%), HLA-B (*) 46:01/58:01 (1.93%) and HLA-B (*) 15:02/46:01 (1.83%). This study found that 15.92% of Thai subjects carry HLA-B (*) 15:02, which has been associated with carbamazepine-induced severe cutaneous adverse drug reactions (SCARs). Moreover, 16.33% of Thai subjects carry the HLA-B (*) 58:01 allele, which has been associated with allopurinol-induced SCARs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study demonstrates a high diversity of HLA-B polymorphisms in this Thai population. The high frequency of HLA-B pharmacogenomic markers in the population emphasizes the importance of such screening to predict/avoid drug hypersensitivity.
authors: Division of Pharmacogenomics and Personalized Medicine, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University Bangkok, Thailand ; Laboratory for Pharmacogenomics, Somdech Phra Debaratana Medical Center, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University Bangkok, Thailand.
authors: Apichaya
authors: A
authors: Puangpetch
authors: Division of Pharmacogenomics and Personalized Medicine, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University Bangkok, Thailand ; Laboratory for Pharmacogenomics, Somdech Phra Debaratana Medical Center, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University Bangkok, Thailand.
authors: Napatrupron
authors: N
authors: Koomdee
authors: Division of Pharmacogenomics and Personalized Medicine, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University Bangkok, Thailand ; Laboratory for Pharmacogenomics, Somdech Phra Debaratana Medical Center, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University Bangkok, Thailand.
authors: Montri
authors: M
authors: Chamnanphol
authors: Division of Pharmacogenomics and Personalized Medicine, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University Bangkok, Thailand ; Laboratory for Pharmacogenomics, Somdech Phra Debaratana Medical Center, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University Bangkok, Thailand.
authors: Thawinee
authors: T
authors: Jantararoungtong
authors: Division of Pharmacogenomics and Personalized Medicine, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University Bangkok, Thailand ; Laboratory for Pharmacogenomics, Somdech Phra Debaratana Medical Center, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University Bangkok, Thailand.
authors: Siwalee
authors: S
authors: Santon
authors: Division of Pharmacogenomics and Personalized Medicine, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University Bangkok, Thailand ; Laboratory for Pharmacogenomics, Somdech Phra Debaratana Medical Center, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University Bangkok, Thailand.
authors: Santirhat
authors: S
authors: Prommas
authors: Division of Pharmacogenomics and Personalized Medicine, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University Bangkok, Thailand ; Laboratory for Pharmacogenomics, Somdech Phra Debaratana Medical Center, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University Bangkok, Thailand.
authors: Yaowaluck
authors: Y
authors: Hongkaew
authors: Division of Pharmacogenomics and Personalized Medicine, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University Bangkok, Thailand ; Laboratory for Pharmacogenomics, Somdech Phra Debaratana Medical Center, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University Bangkok, Thailand.
authors: Chonlaphat
authors: C
authors: Sukasem
keywords: HLA-B; PCR-SSOP; SCARs; Thai; drug hypersensitivity; pharmacogenomic markers
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