title: The Effect of Chronic Anabolic-Androgenic Steroid Use on Tp-E Interval, Tp-E/Qt Ratio, and Tp-E/Qtc Ratio in Male Bodybuilders.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The chronic consumption of androgenic anabolic steroids has shown to cause atrial arrhythmias. Several studies have suggested that the interval from the peak to the end of the electrocardiographic T wave (Tp-e) may correspond to the transmural dispersion of repolarization and that increased Tp-e interval and Tp-e/QT ratio are associated with malignant ventricular arrhythmias. The aim of this study was to evaluate repolarization dispersion measured from the 12-lead surface electrocardiogram (including Tp-e interval, Tp-e/QT ratio, and Tp-e/cQT ratio) in bodybuilders who are using anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS).
  
  
  METHODS
  We selected a population of 33 competitive bodybuilders, including 15 actively using AAS for ≥ 2 years (users) and 18 who had never used AAS (nonusers), all men.
  
  
  RESULTS
  QT, cQT, QTd, cQTd, JT, and cJT were significantly increased in AAS users bodybulders compared to the nonusers (all P < 0.001). Tp-e interval, Tp-e/QT ratio, and Tp-e/cQT ratio were also significantly higher in AAS user group compared to the nonuser group (all P < 0.001). QRS duration was not different between the groups. There were negative correlation between E(m) and Tp-e, Tp-e/QT ratio, Tp-e/cQT ration (r = -0.657, P < 0.01; r = -0.607, P = 0.02; r = -0.583, P = 0.02; respectively).There were also negative correlation between S(m) and Tp-e, Tp-e/QT ratio, Tp-e/cQT ration (r = -0.681, P < 0.01; r = -0.549, P = 0.03; r = -0.544, P = 0.023; respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In conclusion, we have presented a strong evidence suggesting that Tp-e interval, Tp-e/QT ratio, and Tp-e/QTc ratio were increased in AAS users, which suggest that there might be a link between AAS use and ventricular arrthymias and sudden death.
authors: Department of Cardiology, Kartal Kosuyolu High Specialty Education and Research Hospital, Turkey.
authors: Elnur
authors: E
authors: Alizade
authors: Department of Cardiology, Kartal Kosuyolu High Specialty Education and Research Hospital, Turkey.
authors: Anıl
authors: A
authors: Avcı
authors: Department of Cardiology, Kartal Kosuyolu High Specialty Education and Research Hospital, Turkey.
authors: Serdar
authors: S
authors: Fidan
authors: Department of Cardiology, Kartal Kosuyolu High Specialty Education and Research Hospital, Turkey.
authors: Mustafa
authors: M
authors: Tabakçı
authors: Department of Cardiology, Kartal Kosuyolu High Specialty Education and Research Hospital, Turkey.
authors: Mustafa
authors: M
authors: Bulut
authors: Department of Cardiology, Siyami Ersek Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors: Regayip
authors: R
authors: Zehir
authors: Department of Cardiology, Kartal Kosuyolu High Specialty Education and Research Hospital, Turkey.
authors: Zeki
authors: Z
authors: Simsek
authors: Department of Cardiology, Kartal Kosuyolu High Specialty Education and Research Hospital, Turkey.
authors: Mert
authors: M
authors: Evlice
authors: Department of Cardiology, Kartal Kosuyolu High Specialty Education and Research Hospital, Turkey.
authors: Uğur
authors: U
authors: Arslantaş
authors: Department of Cardiology, Kartal Kosuyolu High Specialty Education and Research Hospital, Turkey.
authors: Hakan
authors: H
authors: Çakır
authors: Department of Cardiology, Kartal Kosuyolu High Specialty Education and Research Hospital, Turkey.
authors: Mehmet Yunus
authors: MY
authors: Emiroglu
authors: Department of Cardiology, Kartal Kosuyolu High Specialty Education and Research Hospital, Turkey.
authors: Mustafa
authors: M
authors: Akçakoyun
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000728:Androgens / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000494:pharmacology; D004452:Echocardiography; D004562:Electrocardiography / Q000187:drug effects*; D006329:Heart Conduction System / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D017379:Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular / Q000139:chemically induced*; D008297:Male; D014891:Weight Lifting
chemical_list: D000728:Androgens
keywords: Tp-e interval; Tp-e/QT Tp-e/QT ratio; Tp-e/QTc ratio; androgenic anabolic steroids; ventricular hypertrophy
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