title: CLOCK CHART(®): a novel multi-stimulus self-check visual field screener.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  CLOCK CHART(®) is a multi-stimulus-type self-check visual field screening sheet developed by our group. The test chart is rotated during the examination, and the visual field abnormalities are pointed out by the patients themselves. In this study, we evaluated the clinical usefulness of this chart in patients with glaucoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied 114 eyes of 114 glaucoma patients (average age 60.0 ± 11.1 years) and 45 eyes of 45 normal individuals (average age 45.0 ± 16.4 years) using CLOCK CHART(®). The static visual fields were obtained using the Octopus 101 G2 program and classified using the Aulhorn classification as modified by Greve (stages 0-I to IV) and by mean defect (MD; early <6 dB; moderate 6 ≤ MD ≤12 dB; severe >12 dB).The sensitivity and specificity of CLOCK CHART(®) for detecting visual field abnormalities were evaluated within the entire 25° field and at the 5°, 10°, 15°, 20°, and 25° eccentricity zones. The visual field agreement between the results of CLOCK CHART(®) and the static visual fields were also evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In glaucomatous eyes, the sensitivity of CLOCK CHART(®) was 85, 93, and 100 % for Greve stages I, II and III-VI, respectively, and 87, 93, and 97 % for the MD value in early, moderate, and severe eyes, respectively. The agreement of the visual field defect area in CLOCK CHART(®) with the static fields was 85 and 100 % with Greve stages 0-I to I and II-VI, respectively, and 91, 96, and 96 % in early, moderate and severe glaucomatous eyes according to MD, respectively. The specificity of CLOCK CHART(®) was 89 %.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CLOCK CHART(®) is a simple and reliable self-check screening chart for detecting visual field abnormalities in patients with glaucoma.
authors: Department of Ophthalmology, Kinki University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohno-Higashi, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, 589-8511, Japan, chota@med.kindai.ac.jp.
authors: Chota
authors: C
authors: Matsumoto
authors: Mariko
authors: M
authors: Eura
authors: Sachiko
authors: S
authors: Okuyama
authors: Sonoko
authors: S
authors: Takada
authors: Eiko
authors: E
authors: Arimura-Koike
authors: Shigeki
authors: S
authors: Hashimoto
authors: Fumi
authors: F
authors: Tanabe
authors: Yoshikazu
authors: Y
authors: Shimomura
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D005901:Glaucoma / Q000175:diagnosis*; D006801:Humans; D007429:Intraocular Pressure; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009901:Optic Nerve Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D016353:Self-Examination / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D014786:Vision Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D058609:Visual Field Tests / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D014794:Visual Fields / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult
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