title: Training paramedics in focussed echo in life support.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to determine whether paramedics can be trained to perform and interpret focussed Echo in Life Support (ELS) for the assessment of cardiac movement and the recognition of reversible causes of cardiac arrest.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study is a prospective observational pilot study. Data were collected during a 1-day course training 11 paramedics to perform ELS scans on healthy volunteers. The students were assessed on image acquisition skills and theoretical knowledge (including interpretation). Level 1 ultrasound-trained emergency medicine physicians undertook the training and assessment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All paramedics could obtain images in the parasternal and subxiphoid views. When performing scans in the 10-s pulse check window, 88% of attempts in both views were successful (subxiphoid mean image quality 3.8 out of 5, parasternal 4.0). Theoretical knowledge improved (mean precourse score 54%, postcourse score 89%; P<0.001). There was no apparent association between theoretical and practical performances. At 10 weeks, theoretical knowledge was nonsignificantly reduced (82%; P=0.13) but less when compared with practical performance (75% subxiphoid success, mean quality 3.0; 25% parasternal success, mean quality 4.0).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Paramedics can perform focused ELS, integrate attempts into simulated cardiac arrest scenarios and retain some of this knowledge. Further work is required to assess the feasibility of incorporating this into real-world cardiac arrest management.
authors: aCollege of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Edinburgh bEmergency Medicine Research Group Edinburgh (EMeRGE) cResuscitation Research Group dDepartment of Emergency Medicine, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
authors: Katherine L
authors: KL
authors: Booth
authors: Matthew J
authors: MJ
authors: Reed
authors: Shirin
authors: S
authors: Brady
authors: Kristina R
authors: KR
authors: Cranfield
authors: Ravin
authors: R
authors: Kishen
authors: Katy
authors: K
authors: Letham
authors: Graeme
authors: G
authors: McAlpine
authors: Douglas B
authors: DB
authors: Murray
authors: Emma-Beth
authors: EB
authors: Wilson
authors: Mike
authors: M
authors: Wilson
authors: Steven
authors: S
authors: Short
authors: Gareth R
authors: GR
authors: Clegg
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000488:Allied Health Personnel / Q000193:education*; D002983:Clinical Competence; D003479:Curriculum; D015150:Echocardiography, Doppler / Q000379:methods*; D004632:Emergency Medical Services / Q000379:methods; D004635:Emergency Medicine / Q000193:education*; D005260:Female; D006323:Heart Arrest / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D008020:Life Support Care / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011446:Prospective Studies; D006113:United Kingdom