title: Anatomical variations of brachial artery - its morphology, embryogenesis and clinical implications.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Accurate knowledge of variation pattern of the major arteries of upper limb is of considerable practical importance in the conduct of reparative surgery in the arm, forearm and hand however brachial artery and its terminal branches variations are less common.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Accordingly the present study was designed to evaluate the anatomical variations of the brachial artery and its morphology, embryogenesis and clinical implications.
  
  
  METHODS
  In an anatomical study 140 upper limb specimens of 70 cadavers (35 males and 35 females) were used and anatomical variations of the brachial artery have been documented.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Accessory brachial artery was noted in eight female cadavers (11.43%). Out of eight cadavers in three cadavers (4.29%) an unusual bilateral accessory brachial artery arising from the axillary artery and it is continuing in the forearm as superficial accessory ulnar artery was noted. Rare unusual variant unilateral accessory brachial artery and its reunion with the main brachial artery in the cubital fossa and its variable course in relation to the musculocutaneous nerve and median nerve were also noted in five cadavers (7.14%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  As per our knowledge such anatomical variations of brachial artery and its terminal branches with their relation to the surrounding structures are not reported in the modern medical literature. An awareness of such a presence is valuable for the surgeons and radiologists in evaluation of angiographic images, vascular and re-constructive surgery or appropriate treatment for compressive neuropathies.
authors: Assistant Professor, Department of Anatomy, Mayo Institute of Medical Sciences , Faizabad Road, Gadia, Barabanki, Uttar Pradesh, India .
authors: Kosuri Kalyan
authors: KK
authors: Chakravarthi
authors: Lecturer, Department of Anatomy, KMCT Medical College , Manassery, Calicut, Kerala, India .
authors: Siddaraju
authors: S
authors: Ks
authors: Senior Grade Lecture, Department of Anatomy, Melaka Manipal Medical College (MMMC) , Manipal University, Manipal, and Karnataka, India .
authors: Nelluri
authors: N
authors: Venumadhav
authors: Assistant Professor, Department of Anatomy, Mayo Institute of Medical Sciences , Faizabad Road, Gadia, Barabanki, Uttar Pradesh, India .
authors: Ashish
authors: A
authors: Sharma
authors: Assistant Professor, Department of Anatomy, Mayo Institute of Medical Sciences , Faizabad Road, Gadia, Barabanki, Uttar Pradesh, India .
authors: Neeraj
authors: N
authors: Kumar
keywords: Entrapment neuropathy; Median nerve; Paraesthesia
references: Surg Gynecol Obstet. 1953 Jan;96(1):43-54
references: 13015348
references: J Clin Diagn Res. 2013 Dec;7(12):2943-4
references: 24551682
references: J Anat. 1995 Oct;187 ( Pt 2):473-9
references: 7592009
references: Folia Morphol (Warsz). 2006 Nov;65(4):400-5
references: 17171623
references: Anat Rec. 1986 May;215(1):82-3
references: 3706795
references: Anat Sci Int. 2006 Mar;81(1):62-4
references: 16526599
references: Vasc Endovascular Surg. 2007 Dec-2008 Jan;41(6):572-4
references: 18166644
references: Folia Morphol (Warsz). 2005 Nov;64(4):347-52
references: 16425166
references: Anat Anz. 1985;160(4):285-94
references: 3832970
references: Can Med Assoc J. 1949 Sep;61(3):289-93
references: 18148099
references: Acta Radiol Diagn (Stockh). 1982;23(2):115-21
references: 7090847
references: Am J Anat. 1961 May;108:245-61
references: 14454801
references: J Anat. 2001 Nov;199(Pt 5):547-66
references: 11760886
references: Anat Sci Int. 2003 Sep;78(3):177-80
references: 14527132
references: Folia Morphol (Warsz). 2004 Nov;63(4):459-63
references: 15712144