title: Valvular dysplasia and congestive heart failure in a juvenile African penguin (Spheniscus demersus).
abstract: Abstract: An aquarium-housed, 6-mo-old African penguin (Spheniscus demersus) presented with acute respiratory distress. Auscultation revealed a grade II-III systolic murmur in the absence of adventitial sounds, and an enlarged heart without pulmonary edema was seen radiographically. Echocardiographic evaluation revealed atrioventricular (AV) valvular dysplasia and ventricular enlargement. The penguin was treated with enalapril, furosemide, and pimobendan but died within 3 wk of detection of the murmur. Congenital dysplasia of the right AV valve with right atrial and ventricular dilation and ventricular hypertrophy were diagnosed on postmortem examination.
authors: Allyson
authors: A
authors: McNaughton
authors: Salvatore
authors: S
authors: Frasca
authors: Neha
authors: N
authors: Mishra
authors: Allison D
authors: AD
authors: Tuttle
mesh_terms: D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000818:Animals; D000836:Animals, Zoo; D001715:Bird Diseases / Q000473:pathology*; D002316:Cardiotonic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004232:Diuretics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004656:Enalapril / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017809:Fatal Outcome; D005665:Furosemide / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D006349:Heart Valve Diseases / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D008297:Male; D011724:Pyridazines / Q000627:therapeutic use; D046429:Spheniscidae
chemical_list: D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D002316:Cardiotonic Agents; D004232:Diuretics; D011724:Pyridazines; C041648:pimobendan; D004656:Enalapril; D005665:Furosemide