title: Reliability and validity of active-seated: An outcome in dystrophinopathy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Traditional upper extremity measures typically focus on distal abilities and do not quantify the unique progression of decline in dystrophinopathy. We designed ACTIVE-seated to meet this need. Our objective was to establish the tool's validity and reliability.
  
  
  METHODS
  ACTIVE-seated uses the Microsoft Kinect gaming interface to quantify functional reaching ability while playing a custom-designed game. A skeletal tracking algorithm was used to determine the furthest arm excursion in all planes in 61 subjects with dystrophinopathy and 16 controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Total reachable area was scaled based on arm length to standardize comparisons across subjects and accommodate growth. ACTIVE-seated discriminately ranked subjects from normal controls and by Brooke level (P < 0.001). Scores were highly correlated with parent reports of daily activities and mobility (P < 0.05). Test-retest reliability of ACTIVE-seated was excellent (ICC = 0.97, P < 0.0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Initial evaluation of reliability and validity suggests that ACTIVE-seated shows promise as a clinical and research outcome for individuals with dystrophinopathy.
authors: The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Center for Gene Therapy, 700 Children's Drive, AB0040, Columbus, Ohio, 43205, USA.
authors: Linda P
authors: LP
authors: Lowes
authors: The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Center for Gene Therapy, 700 Children's Drive, AB0040, Columbus, Ohio, 43205, USA.
authors: Lindsay N
authors: LN
authors: Alfano
authors: Department of Computer Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.
authors: Roger
authors: R
authors: Crawfis
authors: The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Center for Gene Therapy, 700 Children's Drive, AB0040, Columbus, Ohio, 43205, USA.
authors: Katherine
authors: K
authors: Berry
authors: The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Biostatistics Core, Columbus, Ohio, USA.
authors: Han
authors: H
authors: Yin
authors: The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Biostatistics Core, Columbus, Ohio, USA.
authors: Igor
authors: I
authors: Dvorchik
authors: The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Center for Gene Therapy, 700 Children's Drive, AB0040, Columbus, Ohio, 43205, USA.|Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA.|Department of Neurology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA.
authors: Kevin M
authors: KM
authors: Flanigan
authors: The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Center for Gene Therapy, 700 Children's Drive, AB0040, Columbus, Ohio, 43205, USA.|Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA.|Department of Neurology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA.
authors: Jerry R
authors: JR
authors: Mendell
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000465:Algorithms; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D016287:Computer Peripherals; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D051346:Mobility Limitation; D020388:Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne / Q000503:physiopathology*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D034941:Upper Extremity / Q000503:physiopathology*; D018910:Video Games; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Kinect; muscular dystrophy; outcome assessment; reach volume; upper extremity