title: Job Demands and Job Control as Predictors of Depressive Symptoms: Moderating Effects of Negative Childhood Socioemotional Experiences.
abstract: There have been calls to know more about vulnerability factors that may predispose to adverse health outcomes at work. We examined if childhood adverse experiences would affect vulnerability to psychosocial stress factors at work. A nationally representative sample of 1546 Finnish men and women was followed up from childhood to adulthood. Childhood adverse experiences consisted of socioeconomic and emotional factors. Job demands and job control were measured 21 years later, and depressive symptoms were measured 21 and 27 years after the childhood measurements. Job demands predicted depressive symptoms over 6 years, and the association was modified by childhood emotional adversity. Participants with three or more emotional adversities in childhood had more depressive symptoms in response to high job demands compared with participants with zero or one emotional adversities in childhood (Betas = -1.40 and -2.01, ps < 0.05 and <0.01). No such moderating effect by childhood adverse experiences was found for the association between job control and depressive symptoms. Although modest in effect size, these findings provide a developmental viewpoint for understanding the role of childhood experiences in work-related stress factors. Such knowledge can enhance understanding of individual differences in vulnerability to the demands of working life. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
authors: Helsinki Collegium for Advanced Studies, University of Helsinki, Finland. laura.pulkki-raback@helsinki.fi.|Institute of Behavioural Sciences, Unit of Personality, Work and Health Psychology, University of Helsinki, Finland. laura.pulkki-raback@helsinki.fi.
authors: Laura
authors: L
authors: Pulkki-Råback
authors: Institute of Behavioural Sciences, Unit of Personality, Work and Health Psychology, University of Helsinki, Finland.|National Institute for Health and Welfare, University of Helsinki, Finland.
authors: Marko
authors: M
authors: Elovainio
authors: Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Finland.
authors: Marianna
authors: M
authors: Virtanen
authors: Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Finland.|Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK.
authors: Mika
authors: M
authors: Kivimäki
authors: Institute of Behavioural Sciences, Unit of Personality, Work and Health Psychology, University of Helsinki, Finland.|Faculty of Education, University of Oulu, Finland.
authors: Mirka
authors: M
authors: Hintsanen
authors: Helsinki Collegium for Advanced Studies, University of Helsinki, Finland.
authors: Taina
authors: T
authors: Hintsa
authors: Helsinki Collegium for Advanced Studies, University of Helsinki, Finland.
authors: Markus
authors: M
authors: Jokela
authors: Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Finland.
authors: Sampsa
authors: S
authors: Puttonen
authors: Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Finland.
authors: Matti
authors: M
authors: Joensuu
authors: Helsinki Collegium for Advanced Studies, University of Helsinki, Finland.
authors: Jari
authors: J
authors: Lipsanen
authors: Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.|Department of Clinical Physiology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.
authors: Olli T
authors: OT
authors: Raitakari
authors: Institute of Behavioural Sciences, Unit of Personality, Work and Health Psychology, University of Helsinki, Finland.
authors: Liisa
authors: L
authors: Keltikangas-Järvinen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000069586:Adult Survivors of Child Adverse Events / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D003863:Depression / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D005387:Finland / Q000453:epidemiology; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology*; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*
keywords: childhood adversity; depression; job demands; longitudinal study; vulnerability