title: Hyper-parenting is negatively associated with physical activity among 7-12year olds.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore associations between helicopter, little emperor, tiger mom, and concerted cultivation hyper-parenting styles with child physical activity.
  
  
  METHODS
  724 North American parents of 7-12 year olds completed a survey (May, 2014) that assessed their engagement in the hyper-parenting styles and the frequency that their child played outdoors, walked/bicycled, and played organized sports. Z-scores were generated for each hyper-parenting style and four groups were created: low (<-1 SD), below average (-1 to -0.49 SD), average (-0.50 to 0.50 SD), above average (0.51 to 0.1.0 SD), and high (>1 SD).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Outdoor play, active transportation, and organized sport did not differ across helicopter parenting groups. Children in the low little emperor group had higher (P<0.005) outdoor play and active transportation scores than children in the average, above average, and high groups (exception: high group for outdoor play). Children in the low tiger mom and concerted cultivation groups had higher (P<0.005) outdoor play, active transportation, and organized sport scores than children in the average, above average, and high groups (exceptions: average and high tiger mom groups for organized sport).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Little emperor, tiger mom, and concerted cultivation parenting styles were associated with lower physical activity among 7-12 year olds.
authors: School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, Canada; Department of Public Health Sciences, Queen's University, Canada. Electronic address: ian.janssen@queensu.ca.
authors: Ian
authors: I
authors: Janssen
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009043:Motor Activity; D016487:Parenting / Q000523:psychology*; D010988:Play and Playthings; D013177:Sports / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014186:Transportation / Q000706:statistics & numerical data
keywords: Child; Health surveys; Motor activity; Parenting