title: Probable Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Psychiatric Co-morbidity among Latino Primary Care Patients in Puerto Rico.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The present investigation was designed to study PTSD among inner city primary care patients in Puerto Rico. Specifically, we examined the rate of probable PTSD, PTSD co-morbidity with MDD and GAD, and the association of probable PTSD and co-occurring disorders with demographic, treatment, and alcohol related factors.
  
  
  METHODS
  We screened 3,568 patients at primary care practices serving primarily low-income patients. The presence of probable PTSD was assessed with the Primary Care PTSD screen, major depression with the PHQ-9, and generalized anxiety disorder with the GAD Q-IV.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fourteen percent of our sample screened positive for probable PTSD. Among this group, 12% met criteria for co-morbid GAD without MDD and 15.9% for co-morbid MDD with/without GAD, whereas 72% of the patients with probable PTSD did not meet criteria for co-morbidity. Over 80% of the patients with probable PTSD indicated they were not receiving mental health treatment. Multiple logistic regression findings show that there were no significant differences in demographic and alcohol related factors by PTSD status. Multinomial logistic regression analysis revealed significant differences in the use of mental health treatment among the subgroups of patients with probable PTSD. As compared to patients with only probable PTSD, the use of mental health services was 4 times higher among patients with probable PTSD and MDD and over 2 1/2 times higher among patients with probable PTSD and GAD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prevalence rate of probable PTSD in our sample was similar to the rates reported for soldiers after returning from deployment and for Latinos after the September 11 attacks. The high prevalence of probable PTSD and low use of mental health treatment among inner city primary care patients in our study, highlight the need of future research to obtain information on how to effectively target and treat Latino primary care patients in need of treatment for PTSD.
authors: Center for Evaluation and Sociomedical Research, School of Public Health, Medical Sciences Campus, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico.
authors: Mildred
authors: M
authors: Vera
authors: Center for Evaluation and Sociomedical Research, School of Public Health, Medical Sciences Campus, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico.
authors: Deborah
authors: D
authors: Juarbe
authors: Center for Evaluation and Sociomedical Research, School of Public Health, Medical Sciences Campus, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico.
authors: Norberto
authors: N
authors: Hernández
authors: Center for Evaluation and Sociomedical Research, School of Public Health, Medical Sciences Campus, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico.
authors: Adriana
authors: A
authors: Obén
authors: Medical Sciences Campus, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico.
authors: Coralee
authors: C
authors: Pérez-Pedrogo
authors: Department of Psychology, St. John's University, New York, USA.
authors: William F
authors: WF
authors: Chaplin
keywords: Depression; Generalized anxiety disorder; Latinos; Posttraumatic stress disorder; Primary care; Psychiatric co-morbidity; Puerto Ricans
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