title: Impact of conjunctival folds on central tear meniscus height.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyze the effect of temporal and nasal lid-parallel conjunctival folds (LIPCOF) on the central tear meniscus height (TMH).
  
  
  METHODS
  Tear meniscus height of 40 eyes of 20 subjects (15 female, median age: 39 years) was evaluated by the Tearscope Plus. Temporal and nasal LIPCOF scores were observed by slit lamp (SL) examination. The cross-sectional LIPCOF area (LA) was measured by a modified Scheimpflug camera. Tear meniscus was colored by fluorescein and TM fluorescence (TMF) was evaluated by SL using a 5-grade pictorial scale. Tear meniscus fluorescence was defined by its intensity, height, and regularity at the LIPCOF area in comparison to the central TMF. Correlations between variables were analyzed by Pearson correlation for parametric data or Spearman rank for nonparametric variables.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Inferiorly, central TMH was significantly correlated to temporal LA (Pearson: r = 0.519, P = 0.001) and nasal LA (r = 0.567, P = 0.002). Superiorly, central TMH was significantly correlated with temporal LA (r = 0.352, P = 0.033), but not with nasal LA (r = 0.355, P = 0.075). Temporal LA was significantly correlated with temporal TMF (Spearman rank: r = 0.789, P < 0.001), and nasal LA was significantly correlated to nasal TMF (r =0.415, P = 0.008). Scores of LIPCOF were significantly correlated with TMF scores (Spearman rank: temporal, r = 0.837, P < 0001; nasal, r = 0.609, P < 0.001). Subjective LIPCOF grading was significantly correlated with LA (Spearman rank: temporal, r = 0.707, P < 0.001; nasal, r = 0.515, P = 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Lid-parallel conjunctival folds impact TMH evaluation. In patients with LIPCOF, the real tear film volume may be smaller than the TMH measurement suggests.
authors: Dr. Heiko Pult - Optometry and Vision Research, Weinheim, Germany.
authors: Heiko
authors: H
authors: Pult
authors: Dr. Heiko Pult - Optometry and Vision Research, Weinheim, Germany School of Optometry and Vision Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom.
authors: Britta Helen
authors: BH
authors: Riede-Pult
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003228:Conjunctiva / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D005453:Fluorescence; D006801:Humans; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted; D008297:Male; D012016:Reference Values; D066167:Slit Lamp; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D013666:Tears / Q000502:physiology*
keywords: Scheimpflug camera; conjunctivochalasis; lid parallel conjunctival folds; tear meniscus