title: Association between sex hormones and adiposity: qualitative differences in women and men in the multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Sex hormones may influence adipose tissue deposition, possibly contributing to sex disparities in cardiovascular disease risk.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We hypothesized that associations of sex hormone levels with visceral and subcutaneous fat differ by sex.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants were from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis with sex hormone levels at baseline and visceral and subcutaneous fat measurements from computed tomography at visit 2 or 3 (n = 1835).
  
  
  METHODS
  Multivariable linear regression was used to investigate the relationships between sex hormones and adiposity. Testing for interaction by sex, race/ethnicity, and age was conducted.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In adjusted models, there was a modest significant positive association between estradiol and visceral fat in both sexes (percent difference in visceral fat for 1% difference in hormone [95% confidence interval] in women, 5.44 [1.82, 9.09]; and in men, 8.22 [0.61, 16.18]). Higher bioavailable T was significantly associated with higher visceral and subcutaneous fat in women and with the reverse in men (women, 14.38 [10.23, 18.69]; men, -7.69 [-13.06, -1.00]). Higher dehydroepiandrosterone was associated with higher visceral fat in women (7.57 [1.71, 13.88]), but not in men (-2.47 [-8.88, 4.29]). Higher SHBG was associated with significantly lower levels of adiposity in both sexes (women, -24.42 [-28.11, -20.55]; men, -27.39 [-32.97, -21.34]). There was no significant interaction by race/ethnicity or age.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Sex hormones are significantly associated with adiposity, and the associations of androgens differ qualitatively by sex. This heterogeneity may help explain the complexity of the contribution of sex hormones to sex differences in cardiovascular disease.
authors: Department of Family and Preventive Medicine (M.L.M.-C., C.A.M.A., M.A.A.), School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego California 92093; Department of Epidemiology (M.L.M.-C., C.A.M.A., M.S., M.W., S.H.G.), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21205; Department of Medicine (P.O., D.V., S.H.G.), The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205; The George Institute for Global Health (M.W.), The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia 2000; and The George Institute for Global Health (M.W.), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LF, United Kingdom.
authors: Morgana L
authors: ML
authors: Mongraw-Chaffin
authors: Cheryl A M
authors: CA
authors: Anderson
authors: Matthew A
authors: MA
authors: Allison
authors: Pamela
authors: P
authors: Ouyang
authors: Moyses
authors: M
authors: Szklo
authors: Dhananjay
authors: D
authors: Vaidya
authors: Mark
authors: M
authors: Woodward
authors: Sherita Hill
authors: SH
authors: Golden
mesh_terms: D050154:Adiposity / Q000208:ethnology / Q000502:physiology*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000097:blood / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000208:ethnology / Q000378:metabolism; D005006:Ethnicity; D005260:Female; D012739:Gonadal Steroid Hormones / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D012727:Sex Characteristics
chemical_list: D012739:Gonadal Steroid Hormones
references: Obesity (Silver Spring). 2010 Mar;18(3):604-10
references: 19696765
references: J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2007 Jul;92(7):2696-705
references: 17426100
references: Diabetes Care. 2010 Jun;33(6):1186-92
references: 20200299
references: J Cardiovasc Transl Res. 2009 Sep;2(3):321-7
references: 20560019
references: Fundam Clin Pharmacol. 2010 Dec;24(6):675-85
references: 20199585
references: Diabetes Care. 2000 Jul;23(7):912-8
references: 10895840
references: Am J Clin Nutr. 2000 Jun;71(6):1392-402
references: 10837277
references: N Engl J Med. 2013 Sep 12;369(11):1011-22
references: 24024838
references: Diabetes Care. 2002 Jan;25(1):55-60
references: 11772901
references: Am J Epidemiol. 2002 Nov 1;156(9):871-81
references: 12397006
references: J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2003 Apr;88(4):1516-22
references: 12679432
references: J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2003 Apr;88(4):1646-52
references: 12679451
references: Diabetes Care. 2004 Apr;27(4):861-8
references: 15047639
references: J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1993 May;76(5):1140-6
references: 8496304
references: Diabetes Care. 1994 May;17(5):405-11
references: 8062607
references: Am J Clin Nutr. 1956 Jan-Feb;4(1):20-34
references: 13282851
references: Circulation. 2005 Mar 15;111(10):1242-9
references: 15769764
references: Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2006 Jul;65(1):125-31
references: 16817831
references: Arch Androl. 2006 Sep-Oct;52(5):355-61
references: 16873135
references: Diabetes Care. 2007 Apr;30(4):911-7
references: 17392552
references: J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2007 Apr;92(4):1289-95
references: 17244779
references: Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes. 2010 Jun;17(3):224-32
references: 20418719