title: Efficacy of postexposure therapy against glanders in mice.
abstract: Burkholderia mallei, the causative agent of glanders, is a CDC Tier 1 Select Agent for which there is no preventive vaccine and antibiotic therapy is difficult. In this study, we show that a combination of vaccination using killed cellular vaccine and therapy using moxifloxacin, azithromycin, or sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim can protect BALB/c mice from lethal infection even when given 5 days after infectious challenge. Vaccination only, or antibiotic therapy only, was not efficacious. Although antibiotics evaluated experimentally can protect when given before or 1 day after challenge, this time course is not realistic in the cases of natural infection or biological attack, when the patient seeks treatment after symptoms develop or after a biological attack has been confirmed and the agent has been identified. Antibiotics can be efficacious after a prolonged interval between exposure and treatment, but only if the animals were previously vaccinated.
authors: Bacteriology Division, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Maryland, USA david.m.waag.ctr@mail.mil.
authors: David M
authors: DM
authors: Waag
mesh_terms: D000336:Aerosols; D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017963:Azithromycin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001428:Bacterial Vaccines / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D042726:Burkholderia mallei / Q000276:immunology; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D005260:Female; D024841:Fluoroquinolones / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005896:Glanders / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology / Q000628:therapy*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D000077266:Moxifloxacin; D013154:Spleen / Q000382:microbiology; D015662:Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014611:Vaccination
chemical_list: D000336:Aerosols; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D001428:Bacterial Vaccines; D024841:Fluoroquinolones; D015662:Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination; D017963:Azithromycin; D000077266:Moxifloxacin
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