title: Protein digestibility-corrected amino acid scores and digestible indispensable amino acid scores differentially describe protein quality in growing male rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The FAO has recommended replacing the protein digestibility-corrected amino acid score (PDCAAS) with the digestible indispensable amino acid score (DIAAS).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to compare aspects underlying the calculation of the DIAAS and PDCAAS, including 1) fecal digestibility vs. ileal digestibility, 2) using a single nitrogen digestibility value for all amino acids, and 3) the effect of truncation. Truncated PDCAAS and untruncated DIAAS values calculated as formally defined were also compared and DIAAS data presented for 14 dietary protein sources.
  
  
  METHODS
  Semisynthetic wheat starch-based diets were formulated to contain the test protein (as consumed by humans) source (whey- and soy-protein isolates, milk-, whey-, rice- and pea- protein concentrates, cooked kidney beans, roasted peanuts, cooked peas, corn-based breakfast cereal, cooked rice, cooked rolled oats, and wheat bran) as the sole nitrogen source and with an indigestible marker (titanium dioxide). Growing male rats (∼250 g bodyweight) were given a basal casein-based diet from day 1 to day 7 and then allocated (n = 6) to the test diets for day 8 to day 14 before ileal digesta were collected after the rats were killed. Total feces were collected from day 11 to day 14.
  
  
  RESULTS
  True fecal nitrogen digestibility was different (P < 0.05; 10% difference on average) from true ileal nitrogen digestibility for 11 of the 14 protein sources. True ileal nitrogen digestibility was different (P < 0.05) from true ileal amino acid digestibility for almost half of the indispensable and conditionally indispensable amino acids (differences ranged from 0.9% to 400%). DIAAS values ranged from 0.01 for a corn-based cereal to 1.18 for milk protein concentrate.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Untruncated PDCAAS values were generally higher than a DIAAS values, especially for the poorer quality proteins; therefore, the reported differences in the scores are of potential practical importance for populations in which dietary protein intake may be marginal.
authors: Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand; and s.m.rutherfurd@massey.ac.nz.
authors: Shane M
authors: SM
authors: Rutherfurd
authors: Fonterra Research and Development Centre, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
authors: Aaron C
authors: AC
authors: Fanning
authors: Fonterra Research and Development Centre, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
authors: Bruce J
authors: BJ
authors: Miller
authors: Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand; and.
authors: Paul J
authors: PJ
authors: Moughan
mesh_terms: D000596:Amino Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism; D000601:Amino Acids, Essential / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism; D004063:Digestion / Q000502:physiology*; D002523:Edible Grain / Q000737:chemistry; D007887:Fabaceae / Q000737:chemistry; D005243:Feces / Q000737:chemistry; D005504:Food Analysis; D007082:Ileum / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008892:Milk / Q000737:chemistry; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism; D012275:Oryza / Q000737:chemistry; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D014908:Triticum / Q000737:chemistry; D003313:Zea mays / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D000601:Amino Acids, Essential; D004044:Dietary Proteins; D009584:Nitrogen
keywords: DIAAS; PDCAAS; amino acid; ileal; protein quality