title: Angiogenic effect of the aqueous extract of Cynodon dactylon on human umbilical vein endothelial cells and granulation tissue in rat.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cynodon dactylon, a valuable medicinal plant, is widely used in Iranian folk medicine for the treatment of various cardiovascular diseases such as heart failure and atherosclerosis. Moreover, its anti-diabetic, anti-cancer and anti-microbial properties have been also reported. Concerning the critical role of angiogenesis in the incidence and progression of tumors and also its protective role in cardiovascular diseases, we investigated the effects of the aqueous extract prepared from the rhizomes of C. dactylon on vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expressions in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVECs) and also on angiogenesis in carrageenan induced air-pouch model in rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  In the air-pouch model, carrageenan was injected into an air-pouch on the back of the rats and following an IV injection of carmine red dye on day 6, granulation tissue was processed for the assessment of the dye content. Furthermore, in an in vitro study, angiogenic property of the extract was assessed through its effect on VEGF expression in HUVECs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Oral administration of 400 mg/kg/day of the extract significantly increased angiogenesis (p<0.05) and markedly decreased neutrophil (p<0.05) and total leukocyte infiltration (p<0.001) into the granulation tissues. Moreover, the extract increased the expression of total VEGF in HUVECs at a concentration of (100 μl/ml).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study showed that the aqueous extract of C. dactylon promotes angiogenesis probably through stimulating VEGF expression.
authors: Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran. soraya.h@umsu.ac.ir.
authors: Hamid
authors: H
authors: Soraya
authors: Student of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran. Miladmoludi@gmail.com.
authors: Milad
authors: M
authors: Moloudizargari
authors: Student of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran. Shahin.aghajanshakeri@yahoo.com.
authors: Shahin
authors: S
authors: Aghajanshakeri
authors: Student of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran. Soli1998@gmail.com.
authors: Soheil
authors: S
authors: Javaherypour
authors: Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, and Cellular & Molecular Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran. arammokarizadeh@yahoo.com.
authors: Aram
authors: A
authors: Mokarizadeh
authors: Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. hamedeyazdans@hotmail.co.uk.
authors: Sanaz
authors: S
authors: Hamedeyazdan
authors: Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran. H.smaili69@yahoo.com.
authors: Hadi
authors: H
authors: Esmaeli Gouvarchin Ghaleh
authors: Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran. Peyman_mikaili@yahoo.com.
authors: Peyman
authors: P
authors: Mikaili
authors: Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. garjania2002@yahoo.com.
authors: Alireza
authors: A
authors: Garjani
mesh_terms: D043925:Angiogenesis Inducing Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002351:Carrageenan; D031744:Cynodon / Q000737:chemistry*; D003907:Dexamethasone / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006097:Granulation Tissue / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000187:drug effects*; D061307:Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D043925:Angiogenesis Inducing Agents; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D010936:Plant Extracts; C467484:VEGFA protein, human; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D003907:Dexamethasone; D002351:Carrageenan
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