title: Comparative study between fundus autofluorescence and red reflectance imaging of choroidal nevi using ultra-wide-field scanning laser ophthalmoscopy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore the utility of fundus autofluorescence (FAF) and red reflectance (RR) imaging using ultra-wide-field scanning laser ophthalmoscope in choroidal nevi.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective observational case study reviewing clinical data, color, FAF, and RR images of patients with choroidal nevi and comparing the findings. The ultra-wide-field scanning laser ophthalmoscope uses green laser 532 nm and red laser 633 nm that enabled FAF and RR imaging, respectively in separate channels. Superimposition of both images yielded a composite color image.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The study included 46 eyes of 45 patients. Nevi were unilateral in 44 patients (98%). Forty-one nevi (89.1%) were located temporally between the macula and the equator. All nevi (100%) were deeply pigmented. The most frequent surface changes were lipofuscin pigments, zones of retinal pigment epithelium atrophy, and retinal pigment epithelium pigment clumps in 31 (67.3%), 18 (39.1%), and 8 eyes (17.3%), respectively. Color photographs were superior to FAF in detecting nevus boundaries and surface changes. Red reflectance correlated strongly with color images, although the nevus boundaries and surface changes were better delineated in RR mode. Red reflectance was superior to FAF in delineating the boundaries and surface changes of the nevus; clear visibility (3+) for RR versus no or poor visibility (0/1+) for FAF. Nevertheless, the areas of retinal pigment epithelium atrophy were better delineated in FAF mode; clear visibility (3+) for FAF versus poor visibility (1+) for FAF.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Red reflectance imaging is more sensitive than conventional photography for follow-up of choroidal nevi. Fundus autofluorescence should be considered only as a complementary tool to RR imaging.
authors: *Retina Department, Vall d'Hebron Hospital, Autonoma University of Barcelona, Spain; †Research Institute of Ophthalmology, Giza, Egypt; ‡Retina Department, Institute of Clinical Opththalmology, Girona, Spain; and §Retina Department, Vall d'Hebron Hospital, Autonoma University of Barcelona, Spain.
authors: Miguel Angel
authors: MA
authors: Zapata
authors: Mahmoud
authors: M
authors: Leila
authors: Teresa
authors: T
authors: Teixidor
authors: Jose
authors: J
authors: Garcia-Arumi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001284:Atrophy / Q000473:pathology; D002648:Child; D002830:Choroid Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005260:Female; D005451:Fluorescein Angiography; D006801:Humans; D007834:Lasers; D008062:Lipofuscin / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009508:Nevus, Pigmented / Q000175:diagnosis*; D009887:Ophthalmoscopy; D061848:Optical Imaging; D055213:Retinal Pigment Epithelium / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D008062:Lipofuscin