title: Perioperative prostate specific antigen levels among coronary artery bypass grafting patients: Does extracorporeal circulation and body temperature induce prostate specific antigen levels alterations?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study is to compare the perioperative total prostate specific antigen (tPSA) levels among coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) patients with and without extracorporeal circulation (ECC), to investigate the changes overtime of tPSA in each group separately and to determine the effect of body core temperature on tPSA levels.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective study was conducted. Our sample was allocated to: (a) Seven patients who underwent off pump CABG (Group I) and (b) 16 CABG patients with ECC (Group II). The levels of tPSA were measured preoperatively (baseline), intra-operatively and at the 4(th) postoperative day. We compared the two groups on their tPSA levels and we investigated the changes of tPSA overtime in each group separately.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Intra-operative serum samples were obtained in significantly lower body temperature in patients of Group II than in those of Group I (31°C vs. 36.9°C, P < 0.001). In each group separately, postoperative tPSA levels were increased significantly compared to the baseline values (2.55 ng/ml vs. 0.39 ng/ml for Group I, P = 0.005 and 4.36 ng/ml vs. 0.77 for Group II, P < 0.001). CABG patients with ECC had significantly lower intra-operative tPSA levels than the baseline values (0.67 ng/ml vs. 0.77 ng/ml, P = 0.008). We did not observe significant differences of tPSA levels between the two groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CABG surgery affects similarly the perioperative tPSA independently the involvement of ECC. Although all patients had significantly higher early postoperative tPSA levels, only those who underwent CABG with ECC had exceeded normal values and significantly decreased intra-operative tPSA. Hypothermia seems to be the causal factor of tPSA reduction.
authors: Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Dragana, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece.
authors: Emmanuel
authors: E
authors: Patris
authors: Department of Cardiac Surgery, Cardiac Surgery ICU, "Evangelismos" General Hospital of Athens, Greece.
authors: Konstantinos
authors: K
authors: Giakoumidakis
authors: Department of Cardiac Surgery, Heart and Chest Hospital, Thomas Drive, Liverpool L14 3 PE, United Kingdom.
authors: Vasileios
authors: V
authors: Patris
authors: Department of Cardiac Surgery, Heart and Chest Hospital, Thomas Drive, Liverpool L14 3 PE, United Kingdom.
authors: Manoj
authors: M
authors: Kuduvalli
authors: Department of Cardiac Surgery, "Evangelismos" General Hospital of Athens, 10646 Athens, Greece.
authors: Mihalis
authors: M
authors: Argiriou
authors: Department of Cardiac Surgery, "Evangelismos" General Hospital of Athens, 10646 Athens, Greece.
authors: Christos
authors: C
authors: Charitos
authors: Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Dragana, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece.
authors: Christos
authors: C
authors: Kalaitzis
authors: Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Dragana, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece.
authors: Stavros
authors: S
authors: Touloupidis
keywords: Cardiopulmonary bypass; coronary artery bypass; hypothermia; off-pump; prostate; prostate-specific antigen
references: Stroke. 2002 Jul;33(7):1759-62
references: 12105348
references: N Engl J Med. 2004 Jan 1;350(1):21-8
references: 14702424
references: Int J Urol. 2006 Mar;13(3):234-7
references: 16643615
references: Int J Cardiol. 2011 Apr 14;148(2):e31-3
references: 19321213
references: J Urol. 1994 Dec;152(6 Pt 1):2043-5
references: 7525996
references: Ann Thorac Surg. 2003 Dec;76(6):2000-6
references: 14667630
references: J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 2002 Dec;16(6):685-90
references: 12486647
references: Swiss Med Wkly. 2009 Nov 14;139(45-46):672-5
references: 19950034
references: Yonsei Med J. 2003 Aug 30;44(4):676-8
references: 12950124
references: Prostate. 1997 Jul 1;32(2):85-8
references: 9215395
references: Am J Crit Care. 2002 Jan;11(1):38-45; quiz 47
references: 11785556
references: Acta Biochim Pol. 2011;58(4):541-5
references: 22187678
references: Exp Physiol. 2013 Jun;98 (6):1115-24
references: 23355193
references: Circulation. 2000 Jul 18;102(3):290-3
references: 10899091
references: Urol Int. 2005;74(4):337-40
references: 15897700
references: J Urol. 1998 Mar;159(3):875-7
references: 9474173
references: Intensive Care Med. 2003 Mar;29(3):414-8
references: 12577157
references: Swiss Med Wkly. 2004 Jul 10;134(27-28):406-9
references: 15389358
references: J Card Surg. 2004 Nov-Dec;19(6):481-8
references: 15548178
references: Am J Surg. 2004 Mar;187(3):363-71
references: 15006564
references: Int J Cardiol. 2009 May 29;134(3):e147-9
references: 19157588