title: Omega-3 fatty acids protect from diet-induced obesity, glucose intolerance, and adipose tissue inflammation through PPARγ-dependent and PPARγ-independent actions.
abstract: METHODS
  We tested herein the hypothesis that peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ (PPARγ) is a major mediator of omega-3 (n-3) protective actions against high-fat diet (HFD) induced obesity, glucose intolerance, and adipose tissue inflammation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  C57BL6 wild-type and fat-1 transgenic (fat-1) mice were fed a low-fat diet (LFD) or HFD, treated or not with PPARγ antagonist, and evaluated for energy balance, adiposity, glucose tolerance, and adipose tissue inflammation. Fat-1 mice were protected from obesity, fasting hyperglycemia, glucose intolerance, and adipose tissue inflammation. PPARγ inhibition completely abolished fat-1 protection against HFD-induced glucose intolerance, but not obesity or adipose tissue inflammation. To investigate the role of myeloid cell as mediator of n-3 beneficial metabolic actions, mice with deletion (LyzM-PPARγ(KO)) or nondeletion (LyzM-PPARγ(WT)) of PPARγ in myeloid cells were fed either LFD or HFD (lard) or an HFD rich in n-3 (fish oil). Our findings indicate that myeloid cell associated PPARγ is not involved in the attenuation of HFD-induced glucose intolerance and adipose tissue inflammation induced by n-3.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  High endogenous n-3 fatty acid levels protect from HFD obesity, glucose intolerance, and adipose tissue inflammation. Among these, only protection against glucose intolerance is mediated by non-myeloid cell PPARγ.
authors: Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors: Thiago
authors: T
authors: Belchior
authors: Vivian A
authors: VA
authors: Paschoal
authors: Juliana
authors: J
authors: Magdalon
authors: Patricia
authors: P
authors: Chimin
authors: Talita M
authors: TM
authors: Farias
authors: Adriano B
authors: AB
authors: Chaves-Filho
authors: Renata
authors: R
authors: Gorjão
authors: Philippe
authors: P
authors: St-Pierre
authors: Sayuri
authors: S
authors: Miyamoto
authors: Jing X
authors: JX
authors: Kang
authors: Yves
authors: Y
authors: Deshaies
authors: André
authors: A
authors: Marette
authors: William
authors: W
authors: Festuccia
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000473:pathology*; D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis*; D059305:Diet, High-Fat; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3 / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009765:Obesity / Q000517:prevention & control*; D047495:PPAR gamma / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3; D047495:PPAR gamma
keywords: Adiposity; Glucose metabolism; Inflammation; Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids; PPARγ antagonism