title: Rapid production of a H₉ N₂ influenza vaccine from MDCK cells for protecting chicken against influenza virus infection.
abstract: H9N2 subtype avian influenza viruses are widespread in domestic poultry, and vaccination remains the most effective way to protect the chicken population from avian influenza pandemics. Currently, egg-based H9N2 influenza vaccine production has several disadvantages and mammalian MDCK cells are being investigated as candidates for influenza vaccine production. However, little research has been conducted on low pathogenic avian influenza viruses (LPAIV) such as H9N2 replicating in mammalian cells using microcarrier beads in a bioreactor. In this study, we present a systematic analysis of a safe H9N2 influenza vaccine derived from MDCK cells for protecting chickens against influenza virus infection. In 2008, we isolated two novel H9N2 influenza viruses from chickens raised in southern China, and these H9N2 viruses were adapted to MDCK cells. The H9N2 virus was produced in MDCK cells in a scalable bioreactor, purified, inactivated, and investigated for use as a vaccine. The MDCK-derived H9N2 vaccine was able to induce high titers of neutralizing antibodies in chickens of different ages. Histopathological examination, direct immunofluorescence, HI assay, CD4(+)/CD8(+) ratio test, and cytokine evaluation indicated that the MDCK-derived H9N2 vaccine evoked a rapid and effective immune response to protect chickens from influenza infection. High titers of H9N2-specific antibodies were maintained in chickens for 5 months, and the MDCK-derived H9N2 vaccine had no effects on chicken growth. The use of MDCK cells in bioreactors for LPAIV vaccine production is an attractive option to prevent outbreaks of LPAIV in poultry.
authors: National Engineering Research Center of South China Sea Marine Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Haizhu Technology building, 2429 East Xingang Road, Guangzhou, 510330, People's Republic of China.
authors: Zhenghua
authors: Z
authors: Ren
authors: Zhongzheng
authors: Z
authors: Lu
authors: Lei
authors: L
authors: Wang
authors: Zeren
authors: Z
authors: Huo
authors: Jianhua
authors: J
authors: Cui
authors: Tingting
authors: T
authors: Zheng
authors: Qing
authors: Q
authors: Dai
authors: Cuiling
authors: C
authors: Chen
authors: Mengying
authors: M
authors: Qin
authors: Meihua
authors: M
authors: Chen
authors: Rirong
authors: R
authors: Yang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D057134:Antibodies, Neutralizing; D019149:Bioreactors; D001709:Biotechnology / Q000379:methods*; D002645:Chickens / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology; D016895:Culture Media, Serum-Free; D004285:Dogs; D019085:Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Direct; D053127:Influenza A Virus, H9N2 Subtype / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D007252:Influenza Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*; D005585:Influenza in Birds / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D061985:Madin Darby Canine Kidney Cells / Q000821:virology; D010802:Phylogeny; D014611:Vaccination
chemical_list: D057134:Antibodies, Neutralizing; D016895:Culture Media, Serum-Free; D007252:Influenza Vaccines