title: Note: Improved wire-wound heater.
abstract: The authors have measured, at cryogenic temperature, the upper limit of the heat transfer in different configurations of a wire-wound heater. We found that the heat transferred has an upper limit of about 15 W/cm(2) and is dependent on the diameter of the wire. In this paper, we present three ways of increasing the heat transferred by this type of heater and its application in different continuous flow cryostats.
authors: European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Sample Environment Service, 71, avenue des Martyrs, 38043 Grenoble, France.
authors: Ricardo G
authors: RG
authors: Steinmann
authors: European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Sample Environment Service, 71, avenue des Martyrs, 38043 Grenoble, France.
authors: Hugo
authors: H
authors: Vitoux