title: Prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in patients of cardiovascular diseases and its association with hs-CRP and TNF-α.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There is increasing recognition of association of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) with cardiovascular disease (CVD). Metabolic syndrome is common in both NAFLD and cardiovascular diseases. Our study is designed to investigate the association of NAFLD with cardiovascular disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  It's a cross-sectional study which included 104 patients of coronary artery disease and hypertensive heart disease. Those patients having secondary causes of steatosis were excluded. Complete cardiovascular evaluation which included assessment of metabolic syndrome, routine biochemistries, viral markers, Ultrasonography (USG) abdomen, hs-CRP and TNF-α levels were obtained for all patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of all patients with cardiovascular disease, 19.2% (20/104) had essential hypertension with hypertensive heart disease the remaining 80.8% (84/104) patients had ischemic heart disease (IHD). On USG 69.2% (72/104) had NAFLD, these 50% (36/72) had grade 1 NAFLD and the rest grade 2 NAFLD. The hs-CRP levels and TNF-α were significantly higher in patients with NAFLD (p-value <0.001) and within patients with NAFLD the levels were higher in patients with grade 2 NAFLD. Also, binary logistic regression showed that high body-mass index (BMI), raised serum triglyceride levels, increased waist circumference and hypertension were significantly associated with the presence of NAFLD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data indicates that NALD is highly prevalent in patients of cardiovascular disease (69.2%) and is significantly associated with metabolic syndrome and its individual components. The levels of hs-CRP and TNF-α were significantly higher in patients with NAFLD and showed an increasing trend with the severity of fatty liver.
authors: Professor, Department of Medicine, J.N. Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh 202001, India.
authors: Masihur Rehman
authors: MR
authors: Ajmal
authors: Senior Resident, Department of Nephrology, SGPGI, Lucknow, India.
authors: Monika
authors: M
authors: Yaccha
authors: Assistant Professor, Department of Medicine, J.N. Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh 202001, India. Electronic address: malikazharuddin@gmail.com.
authors: Mohammed Azharuddin
authors: MA
authors: Malik
authors: Professor, Department of Medicine, J.N. Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh 202001, India.
authors: M U
authors: MU
authors: Rabbani
authors: Professor, Department of Radiodiagnosis, J.N. Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh 202001, India.
authors: Ibne
authors: I
authors: Ahmad
authors: Professor, Department of Biochemistry, J.N. Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh 202001, India.
authors: Najmul
authors: N
authors: Isalm
authors: Senior Resident, Department of Medicine, J.N. Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh 202001, India.
authors: Nasar
authors: N
authors: Abdali
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism*; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D065626:Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D002097:C-Reactive Protein
keywords: Cardiovascular disease; NAFLD; Tumor necrosis factor; hs-CRP
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