title: Efficacy of ETI-204 monoclonal antibody as an adjunct therapy in a New Zealand white rabbit partial survival model for inhalational anthrax.
abstract: Inhalational anthrax is characterized by extensive bacteremia and toxemia as well as nonspecific to mild flu-like symptoms, until the onset of hypotension, shock, and mortality. Without treatment, the mortality rate approaches 100%. Antibiotic treatment is not always effective, and alternative treatments are needed, such as monotherapy for antibiotic-resistant inhalational anthrax or as an adjunct therapy in combination with antibiotics. The Bacillus anthracis antitoxin monoclonal antibody (MAb) ETI-204 is a high-affinity chimeric deimmunized antibody which targets the anthrax toxin protective antigen (PA). In this study, a partial protection New Zealand White (NZW) rabbit model was used to evaluate the protective efficacy of the adjunct therapy with the MAb. Following detection of PA in the blood, NZW rabbits were administered either an antibiotic (doxycycline) alone or the antibiotic in conjunction with ETI-204. Survival was evaluated to compare the efficacy of the combination adjunct therapy with that of an antibiotic alone in treating inhalational anthrax. Overall, the results from this study indicate that a subtherapeutic regimen consisting of an antibiotic in combination with an anti-PA MAb results in increased survival compared to the antibiotic alone and would provide an effective therapeutic strategy against symptomatic anthrax in nonvaccinated individuals.
authors: Center for Aerobiological Sciences, United States Army Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, USA.
authors: Bethany
authors: B
authors: Biron
authors: Center for Aerobiological Sciences, United States Army Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, USA.
authors: Katie
authors: K
authors: Beck
authors: Center for Aerobiological Sciences, United States Army Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, USA.
authors: David
authors: D
authors: Dyer
authors: Pathology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Disease, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, USA.
authors: Marc
authors: M
authors: Mattix
authors: Pathology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Disease, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, USA.
authors: Nancy
authors: N
authors: Twenhafel
authors: Center for Aerobiological Sciences, United States Army Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, USA aysegul.nalca@us.army.mil.
authors: Aysegul
authors: A
authors: Nalca
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000881:Anthrax / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000992:Antitoxins / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001408:Bacillus anthracis; D016470:Bacteremia / Q000382:microbiology; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology; D004318:Doxycycline / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D019570:Inhalation Exposure; D008297:Male; D011817:Rabbits; D013171:Spores, Bacterial; D016019:Survival Analysis
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D000992:Antitoxins; C000611266:obiltoxaximab; D004318:Doxycycline
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