title: Cystatin C is a disease-associated protein subject to multiple regulation.
abstract: A protease inhibitor, cystatin C (Cst C), is a secreted cysteine protease inhibitor abundantly expressed in body fluids. Clinically, it is mostly used to measure glomerular filtration rate as a marker for kidney function due to its relatively small molecular weight and easy detection. However, recent findings suggest that Cst C is regulated at both transcriptional and post-translational levels, and Cst C production from haematopoietic cell lineages contributes significantly to the systematic pools of Cst C. Furthermore, Cst C is directly linked to many pathologic processes through various mechanisms. Thus fluctuation of Cst C levels might have serious clinical implications rather than a mere reflection of kidney functions. Here, we summarize the pathophysiological roles of Cst C dependent and independent on its inhibition of proteases, outline its change of expression by various stimuli, and elucidate the regulatory mechanisms to control this disease-related protease inhibitor. Finally, we discuss the clinical implications of these findings for translational gains.
authors: Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory for Conservation and Exploitation of Biological Resources, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Anhui, P.R. China.
authors: Yuekang
authors: Y
authors: Xu
authors: Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory for Conservation and Exploitation of Biological Resources, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Anhui, P.R. China.
authors: Ying
authors: Y
authors: Ding
authors: Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory for Conservation and Exploitation of Biological Resources, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Anhui, P.R. China.
authors: Xinchen
authors: X
authors: Li
authors: Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory for Conservation and Exploitation of Biological Resources, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Anhui, P.R. China.
authors: Xiaobing
authors: X
authors: Wu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000276:immunology*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism*; D019070:Cell Lineage; D055316:Cystatin C / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D006410:Hematopoiesis; D006801:Humans; D007239:Infections / Q000276:immunology*; D007677:Kidney Function Tests; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D055316:Cystatin C
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