title: Industrial potential of lipoxygenases.
abstract: Lipoxygenases (LOXs) are iron- or manganese-containing oxidative enzymes found in plants, animals, bacteria and fungi. LOXs catalyze the oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids to the corresponding highly reactive hydroperoxides. Production of hydroperoxides by LOX can be exploited in different applications such as in bleaching of colored components, modification of lipids originating from different raw materials, production of lipid derived chemicals and production of aroma compounds. Most application research has been carried out using soybean LOX, but currently the use of microbial LOXs has also been reported. Development of LOX composition with high activity by heterologous expression in suitable production hosts would enable full exploitation of the potential of LOX derived reactions in different applications. Here, we review the biological role of LOXs, their heterologous production, as well as potential use in different applications. LOXs may fulfill an important role in the design of processes that are far more environmental friendly than currently used chemical reactions. Difficulties in screening for the optimal enzymes and producing LOX enzymes in sufficient amounts prevent large-scale application so far. With this review, we summarize current knowledge of LOX enzymes and the way in which they can be produced and applied.
authors: a Laboratory of Systems and Synthetic Biology , Wageningen University , Wageningen , The Netherlands .
authors: Ruud
authors: R
authors: Heshof
authors: a Laboratory of Systems and Synthetic Biology , Wageningen University , Wageningen , The Netherlands .
authors: Leo H
authors: LH
authors: de Graaff
authors: b Department of Chemistry , CICECO, University of Aveiro , Aveiro , Portugal .|c On leave to INIA, DTEVPF, Plant Protection Products Unit , Ctra. de La Coruña , Madrid , Spain .
authors: Juan J
authors: JJ
authors: Villaverde
authors: b Department of Chemistry , CICECO, University of Aveiro , Aveiro , Portugal .
authors: Armando J D
authors: AJ
authors: Silvestre
authors: d AB Enzymes GmbH , Darmstadt , Germany .
authors: Thomas
authors: T
authors: Haarmann
authors: e Department of Food Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology , Aarhus University , Tjele , Denmark , and.
authors: Trine K
authors: TK
authors: Dalsgaard
authors: f VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland , Espoo , Finland.
authors: Johanna
authors: J
authors: Buchert
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001419:Bacteria / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D058945:Lipoxygenases / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D011487:Protein Conformation
chemical_list: D058945:Lipoxygenases
keywords: Application; bleaching; hydroperoxide; lipoxygenase; oleochemistry; oxylipin; unsaturated fatty acid