title: Sex differences and rapid estrogen signaling: A look at songbird audition.
abstract: The actions of estrogens have been associated with brain differentiation and sexual dimorphism in a wide range of vertebrates. Here we consider the actions of brain-derived 'neuroestrogens' in the forebrain and the accompanying differences and similarities observed between males and females in a variety of species. We summarize recent evidence showing that baseline and fluctuating levels of neuroestrogens within the auditory forebrain of male and female zebra finches are largely similar, and that neuroestrogens enhance auditory representations in both sexes. With a comparative perspective we review evidence that non-genomic mechanisms of neuroestrogen actions are sexually differentiated, and we propose a working model for nonclassical estrogen signaling via the MAPK intracellular signaling cascade in the songbird auditory forebrain that is informed by the way sex differences may be compensated. This view may lead to a more comprehensive understanding of how sex influences estradiol-dependent modulation of sensorimotor representations.
authors: Neuroscience and Behavior Program, Center for Neuroendocrine Studies, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, United States.
authors: Amanda A
authors: AA
authors: Krentzel
authors: Neuroscience and Behavior Program, Center for Neuroendocrine Studies, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, United States. Electronic address: healey@cns.umass.edu.
authors: Luke
authors: L
authors: Remage-Healey
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001307:Auditory Perception / Q000502:physiology*; D004967:Estrogens / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D009474:Neurons / Q000378:metabolism*; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology*; D020308:Songbirds
chemical_list: D004967:Estrogens
keywords: Aromatase; Egr-1; Estradiol; MAPK; Sex differences; Song; Zebra finch
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