title: Expression of stanniocalcin 1 in thyroid side population cells and thyroid cancer cells.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Mouse thyroid side population (SP) cells consist of a minor population of mouse thyroid cells that may have multipotent thyroid stem cell characteristics. However the nature of thyroid SP cells remains elusive, particularly in relation to thyroid cancer. Stanniocalcin (STC) 1 and 2 are secreted glycoproteins known to regulate serum calcium and phosphate homeostasis. In recent years, the relationship of STC1/2 expression to cancer has been described in various tissues.
  
  
  METHODS
  Microarray analysis was carried out to determine genes up- and down-regulated in thyroid SP cells as compared with non-SP cells. Among genes up-regulated, stanniocalcin 1 (STC1) was chosen for study because of its expression in various thyroid cells by Western blotting and immunohistochemistry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Gene expression analysis revealed that genes known to be highly expressed in cancer cells and/or involved in cancer invasion/metastasis were markedly up-regulated in SP cells from both intact as well as partial thyroidectomized thyroids. Among these genes, expression of STC1 was found in five human thyroid carcinoma-derived cell lines as revealed by analysis of mRNA and protein, and its expression was inversely correlated with the differentiation status of the cells. Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated higher expression of STC1 in the thyroid tumor cell line and thyroid tumor tissues from humans and mice.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that SP cells contain a population of cells that express genes also highly expressed in cancer cells including Stc1, which warrants further study on the role of SP cells and/or STC1 expression in thyroid cancer.
authors: 1 Laboratory of Metabolism, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, Maryland.
authors: Suguru
authors: S
authors: Hayase
authors: Yoshihito
authors: Y
authors: Sasaki
authors: Tsutomu
authors: T
authors: Matsubara
authors: Daekwan
authors: D
authors: Seo
authors: Masaaki
authors: M
authors: Miyakoshi
authors: Tsubasa
authors: T
authors: Murata
authors: Takashi
authors: T
authors: Ozaki
authors: Kennichi
authors: K
authors: Kakudo
authors: Kensuke
authors: K
authors: Kumamoto
authors: Kris
authors: K
authors: Ylaya
authors: Sheue-yann
authors: SY
authors: Cheng
authors: Snorri S
authors: SS
authors: Thorgeirsson
authors: Stephen M
authors: SM
authors: Hewitt
authors: Jerrold M
authors: JM
authors: Ward
authors: Shioko
authors: S
authors: Kimura
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000818:Animals; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D053263:Gene Regulatory Networks; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D014411:Neoplastic Stem Cells / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D058985:Side-Population Cells / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D013961:Thyroid Gland / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D013964:Thyroid Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D006023:Glycoproteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C051795:teleocalcin
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