title: Oral disease-modifying therapies for multiple sclerosis.
abstract: Classical multiple sclerosis (MS) treatments using first-line injectable drugs, although widely applied, remain a major concern in terms of therapeutic adherence and efficacy. New oral drugs recently approved for MS treatment represent significant advances in therapy. The oral route of administration clearly promotes patient satisfaction and increases therapeutic compliance. However, these drugs may also have safety and tolerability issues, and a thorough analysis of the risks and benefits is required. Three oral drugs have been approved by regulatory agencies for MS treatment: fingolimod, teriflunomide, and dimethyl fumarate. This article reviews the mechanisms of action, safety, and efficacy of these drugs and two other drugs that have yielded positive results in phase III trials: cladribine and laquinimod.
authors: Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
authors: Woojun
authors: W
authors: Kim
authors: Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Science Without Borders, Porto Alegre, Brazil. ; Department of Neurology, Research Institute and Hospital of National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea.
authors: Manuella Edler
authors: ME
authors: Zandoná
authors: Department of Neurology, Research Institute and Hospital of National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea.
authors: Su-Hyun
authors: SH
authors: Kim
authors: Department of Neurology, Research Institute and Hospital of National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea.
authors: Ho Jin
authors: HJ
authors: Kim
keywords: clinical trial; multiple sclerosis; oral drug; treatment
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