title: Adipogenesis and epicardial adipose tissue: a novel fate of the epicardium induced by mesenchymal transformation and PPARγ activation.
abstract: The hearts of many mammalian species are surrounded by an extensive layer of fat called epicardial adipose tissue (EAT). The lineage origins and determinative mechanisms of EAT development are unclear, in part because mice and other experimentally tractable model organisms are thought to not have this tissue. In this study, we show that mouse hearts have EAT, localized to a specific region in the atrial-ventricular groove. Lineage analysis indicates that this adipose tissue originates from the epicardium, a multipotent epithelium that until now is only established to normally generate cardiac fibroblasts and coronary smooth muscle cells. We show that adoption of the adipocyte fate in vivo requires activation of the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) pathway, and that this fate can be ectopically induced in mouse ventricular epicardium, either in embryonic or adult stages, by expression and activation of PPARγ at times of epicardium-mesenchymal transformation. Human embryonic ventricular epicardial cells natively express PPARγ, which explains the abundant presence of fat seen in human hearts at birth and throughout life.
authors: Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research.
authors: Yukiko
authors: Y
authors: Yamaguchi
authors: Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research.
authors: Susana
authors: S
authors: Cavallero
authors: Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research.
authors: Michaela
authors: M
authors: Patterson
authors: Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research.
authors: Hua
authors: H
authors: Shen
authors: Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089.
authors: Jian
authors: J
authors: Xu
authors: Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, and.
authors: S Ram
authors: SR
authors: Kumar
authors: Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, sucov@usc.edu.
authors: Henry M
authors: HM
authors: Sucov
mesh_terms: D050156:Adipogenesis; D000818:Animals; D002461:Cell Line, Transformed; D019070:Cell Lineage; D006801:Humans; D008648:Mesoderm / Q000166:cytology*; D051379:Mice; D047495:PPAR gamma / Q000819:agonists*; D010496:Pericardium / Q000166:cytology*
chemical_list: D047495:PPAR gamma
keywords: EAT; PPARγ; epicardial adipose tissue; epicardium to mesenchymal transformation
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