title: Serotonin transporter linked polymorphic region (5-HTTLPR) genotype moderates the longitudinal impact of early caregiving on externalizing behavior.
abstract: We examined caregiver report of externalizing behavior from 12 to 54 months of age in 102 children randomized to care as usual in institutions or to newly created high-quality foster care. At baseline no differences by group or genotype in externalizing were found. However, changes in externalizing from baseline to 42 months of age were moderated by the serotonin transporter linked polymorphic region genotype and intervention group, where the slope for short-short (S/S) individuals differed as a function of intervention group. The slope for individuals carrying the long allele did not significantly differ between groups. At 54 months of age, S/S children in the foster care group had the lowest levels of externalizing behavior, while children with the S/S genotype in the care as usual group demonstrated the highest rates of externalizing behavior. No intervention group differences were found in externalizing behavior among children who carried the long allele. These findings, within a randomized controlled trial of foster care compared to continued care as usual, indicate that the serotonin transporter linked polymorphic region genotype moderates the relation between early caregiving environments to predict externalizing behavior in children exposed to early institutional care in a manner most consistent with differential susceptibility.
authors: Tulane University, New Orleans, LA.
authors: Zoë H
authors: ZH
authors: Brett
authors: Tulane University, New Orleans, LA.
authors: Kathryn L
authors: KL
authors: Humphreys
authors: Tulane University, New Orleans, LA.
authors: Anna T
authors: AT
authors: Smyke
authors: Tulane University, New Orleans, LA.
authors: Mary Margaret
authors: MM
authors: Gleason
authors: Harvard University, Children's Hospital Boston, MA.
authors: Charles A
authors: CA
authors: Nelson
authors: Tulane University, New Orleans, LA.
authors: Charles H
authors: CH
authors: Zeanah
authors: University of Maryland, College Park, MD.
authors: Nathan A
authors: NA
authors: Fox
authors: Tulane University, New Orleans, LA.
authors: Stacy S
authors: SS
authors: Drury
mesh_terms: D000483:Alleles; D017028:Caregivers; D002648:Child; D002653:Child Behavior Disorders / Q000235:genetics* / Q000523:psychology; D002674:Child, Institutionalized / Q000523:psychology*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005581:Foster Home Care; D059647:Gene-Environment Interaction; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease / Q000235:genetics; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007389:Internal-External Control; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D050486:Serotonin Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: C493230:SLC6A4 protein, human; D050486:Serotonin Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins
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