title: Droplet fragmentation: 3D imaging of a previously unidentified pore-scale process during multiphase flow in porous media.
abstract: Using X-ray computed microtomography, we have visualized and quantified the in situ structure of a trapped nonwetting phase (oil) in a highly heterogeneous carbonate rock after injecting a wetting phase (brine) at low and high capillary numbers. We imaged the process of capillary desaturation in 3D and demonstrated its impacts on the trapped nonwetting phase cluster size distribution. We have identified a previously unidentified pore-scale event during capillary desaturation. This pore-scale event, described as droplet fragmentation of the nonwetting phase, occurs in larger pores. It increases volumetric production of the nonwetting phase after capillary trapping and enlarges the fluid-fluid interface, which can enhance mass transfer between the phases. Droplet fragmentation therefore has implications for a range of multiphase flow processes in natural and engineered porous media with complex heterogeneous pore spaces.
authors: School of Geosciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FE, United Kingdom; International Centre for Carbonate Reservoirs, Edinburgh EH9 3FE, United Kingdom; and t.pak@tees.ac.uk.
authors: Tannaz
authors: T
authors: Pak
authors: School of Geosciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FE, United Kingdom; International Centre for Carbonate Reservoirs, Edinburgh EH9 3FE, United Kingdom; and.
authors: Ian B
authors: IB
authors: Butler
authors: International Centre for Carbonate Reservoirs, Edinburgh EH9 3FE, United Kingdom; and Institute of Petroleum Engineering, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, United Kingdom.
authors: Sebastian
authors: S
authors: Geiger
authors: International Centre for Carbonate Reservoirs, Edinburgh EH9 3FE, United Kingdom; and Institute of Petroleum Engineering, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, United Kingdom.
authors: Marinus I J
authors: MI
authors: van Dijke
authors: Institute of Petroleum Engineering, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, United Kingdom.
authors: Ken S
authors: KS
authors: Sorbie
keywords: X-ray computed microtomography; carbonate rock; droplet fragmentation; heterogeneous porous media; pore-scale imaging
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