title: The King-Devick test for sideline concussion screening in collegiate football.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Sports-related concussion has received increasing attention as a result of neurologic sequelae seen among athletes, highlighting the need for a validated, rapid screening tool. The King-Devick (K-D) test requires vision, eye movements, language function and attention in order to perform and has been proposed as a promising tool for assessment of concussion. We investigated the K-D test as a sideline screening tool in a collegiate cohort to determine the effect of concussion.
  
  
  METHODS
  Athletes (n=127, mean age 19.6±1.2 years) from the Wheaton College football and men's and women's basketball teams underwent baseline K-D testing at pre-season physicals for the 2012-2013 season. K-D testing was administered immediately on the sidelines for football players with suspected head injury during regular games and changes compared to baseline were determined. Post-season testing was also performed to compare non-concussed athletes' test performance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Concussed athletes (n=11) displayed sideline K-D scores that were significantly higher (worse) than baseline (36.5±5.6s vs. 31.3±4.5s, p<0.005, Wilcoxon signed-rank test). Post-season testing demonstrated improvement of scores and was consistent with known learning effects (35.1±5.2s vs. 34.4±5.0s, p<0.05, Wilcoxon signed-rank test). Test-retest reliability was analyzed between baseline and post-season administrations of the K-D test resulting in high levels of test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC)=0.95 [95% Confidence Interval 0.85-1.05]).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The data show worsening of K-D test scores following concussion further supporting utility of the K-D test as an objective, reliable and effective sideline visual screening tool to help identify athletes with concussion.
authors: King-Devick Test, LLC, Oakbrook Terrace, IL, USA. Electronic address: leong.danielle@gmail.com.
authors: Danielle F
authors: DF
authors: Leong
authors: Departments of Neurology, Ophthalmology and Population Health New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
authors: Laura J
authors: LJ
authors: Balcer
authors: Departments of Neurology, Ophthalmology and Population Health New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
authors: Steven L
authors: SL
authors: Galetta
authors: Wheaton College Sports Medicine, Wheaton, IL, USA.
authors: Greg
authors: G
authors: Evans
authors: Wheaton College Sports Medicine, Wheaton, IL, USA.
authors: Matthew
authors: M
authors: Gimre
authors: Wheaton College Sports Medicine, Wheaton, IL, USA.
authors: David
authors: D
authors: Watt
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001288:Attention / Q000502:physiology; D001490:Basketball / Q000293:injuries; D001924:Brain Concussion / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006259:Craniocerebral Trauma / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis; D005133:Eye Movements / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005538:Football / Q000293:injuries*; D006801:Humans; D007807:Language Tests / Q000592:standards; D008297:Male; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests / Q000592:standards; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Brain injury; Conmoción relacionada con el deporte; Eye movements; King–Devick; Lesión cerebral; Movimientos oculares; Sports-related concussion; Vision; Visión
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