title: The physiologic and therapeutic role of heparin in implantation and placentation.
abstract: Implantation, trophoblast development and placentation are crucial processes in the establishment and development of normal pregnancy. Abnormalities of these processes can lead to pregnancy complications known as the great obstetrical syndromes: preeclampsia, intrauterine growth restriction, fetal demise, premature prelabor rupture of membranes, preterm labor, and recurrent pregnancy loss. There is mounting evidence regarding the physiological and therapeutic role of heparins in the establishment of normal gestation and as a modality for treatment and prevention of pregnancy complications. In this review, we will summarize the properties and the physiological contributions of heparins to the success of implantation, placentation and normal pregnancy.
authors: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, Università degli Studi di Verona , Verona , Italy.
authors: Michela
authors: M
authors: Quaranta
authors: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Soroka University Medical Center, School of Medicine, Ben Gurion University of the Negev , Beer Sheva , Israel.
authors: Offer
authors: O
authors: Erez
authors: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria Policlinico di Bari, School of Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro" , Bari , Italy.
authors: Salvatore Andrea
authors: SA
authors: Mastrolia
authors: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Soroka University Medical Center, School of Medicine, Ben Gurion University of the Negev , Beer Sheva , Israel.
authors: Arie
authors: A
authors: Koifman
authors: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Soroka University Medical Center, School of Medicine, Ben Gurion University of the Negev , Beer Sheva , Israel.
authors: Elad
authors: E
authors: Leron
authors: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Soroka University Medical Center, School of Medicine, Ben Gurion University of the Negev , Beer Sheva , Israel.
authors: Tamar
authors: T
authors: Eshkoli
authors: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Soroka University Medical Center, School of Medicine, Ben Gurion University of the Negev , Beer Sheva , Israel.
authors: Moshe
authors: M
authors: Mazor
authors: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Soroka University Medical Center, School of Medicine, Ben Gurion University of the Negev , Beer Sheva , Israel.
authors: Gershon
authors: G
authors: Holcberg
keywords: Cadherins; Glycosaminoglycan; HB-EGF; Immune system; Matrix metalloproteinases; Selectins; Trophoblast
references: J Biol Chem. 1991 Mar 25;266(9):5371-4
references: 1706335
references: PLoS One. 2013 Jul 18;8(7):e66397
references: 23874391
references: Hum Reprod. 2006 Nov;21(11):3014-8
references: 16997938
references: Hum Reprod Update. 1996 May-Jun;2(3):262-70
references: 9079419
references: N Engl J Med. 1993 Jul 8;329(2):90-5
references: 8510708
references: Braz J Med Biol Res. 1999 May;32(5):529-38
references: 10412563
references: Immunology. 2007 Apr;120(4):456-66
references: 17229266
references: Curr Opin Immunol. 2000 Dec;12(6):731-7
references: 11102780
references: Development. 2006 Feb;133(4):751-9
references: 16407398
references: N Engl J Med. 2001 Nov 8;345(19):1400-8
references: 11794174
references: Hum Reprod. 2005 Jan;20(1):35-48
references: 15539444
references: J Lab Clin Med. 1993 Feb;121(2):201-2
references: 8433035
references: Fertil Steril. 2012 Jan;97(1):169-77.e1
references: 22088204
references: Biol Reprod. 2012 Aug 30;87(2):47
references: 22674391
references: N Engl J Med. 1997 Sep 4;337(10):688-98
references: 9278467
references: J Clin Invest. 1998 Feb 15;101(4):877-89
references: 9466983
references: Immunol Today. 1993 Jul;14(7):353-6
references: 8363725
references: Hum Reprod. 2009 Jul;24(7):1640-7
references: 19357135
references: Dev Genet. 1997;21(1):102-8
references: 9291586
references: Hum Reprod. 2010 Nov;25(11):2913-22
references: 20847186
references: Rev Endocr Metab Disord. 2002 May;3(2):77-86
references: 12007284
references: Harefuah. 1980 Aug;99(3-4):65-7
references: 6110616
references: Angew Chem Int Ed Engl. 2014 Sep 8;53(37):9876-9
references: 25044485
references: Clin Appl Thromb Hemost. 2015 May;21(4):365-72
references: 24463599
references: Reprod Biomed Online. 2004 Dec;9(6):692-715
references: 15670421
references: Cancer Sci. 2006 May;97(5):341-7
references: 16630129
references: FASEB J. 2003 Apr;17(6):575-91
references: 12665470
references: J Cell Biol. 1991 Apr;113(2):437-49
references: 1849141
references: Am J Physiol. 1986 May;250(5 Pt 2):H879-88
references: 3706560
references: J Clin Invest. 2004 Sep;114(6):744-54
references: 15372095
references: Int J Gynecol Cancer. 2003 Nov-Dec;13(6):879-88
references: 14675328
references: Clin Immunol Immunopathol. 1973 Jul;1(4):533-46
references: 4282071
references: Thromb Haemost. 2000 May;83(5):693-7
references: 10823264
references: Nat Med. 2008 Nov;14(11):1184-5
references: 18989299
references: Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1996 May;153(5):1702-7
references: 8630624
references: Am J Cardiol. 1964 Jul;14:25-8
references: 14176885
references: Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am. 2014 Mar;41(1):57-86
references: 24491984
references: J Thromb Haemost. 2003 Mar;1(3):433-8
references: 12871446
references: Hum Fertil (Camb). 2008 Dec;11(4):246-53
references: 19085261
references: Am J Reprod Immunol. 2013 Jun;69(6):596-607
references: 23521391
references: J Med Chem. 1997 May 23;40(11):1600-7
references: 9171870
references: Biochim Biophys Acta. 1997 Dec 9;1333(3):F179-99
references: 9426203
references: Carbohydr Res. 1987 Sep 15;167:67-75
references: 3690577
references: Nat Immunol. 2004 Mar;5(3):266-71
references: 14758358
references: J Immunol. 2009 Apr 1;182(7):4085-92
references: 19299706
references: J Thromb Haemost. 2005 Feb;3(2):227-9
references: 15670024
references: Endocr Rev. 2004 Jun;25(3):341-73
references: 15180948
references: Am J Reprod Immunol. 1999 Jan;41(1):5-22
references: 10097783
references: J Cell Biol. 1995 Sep;130(6):1473-82
references: 7559767
references: J Clin Invest. 1997 May 1;99(9):2139-51
references: 9151786
references: Mol Cell Biochem. 1982 Oct 29;48(3):161-82
references: 6757715
references: N Engl J Med. 2010 Apr 29;362(17):1586-96
references: 20335572
references: Hum Reprod Update. 2013 Nov-Dec;19(6):674-84
references: 23912476
references: Placenta. 2007 Apr;28(4):298-304
references: 16750851
references: J Mol Biol. 2000 Sep 1;301(5):1287-305
references: 10966821
references: Adv Pharmacol. 1999;46:151-208
references: 10332503
references: Br J Haematol. 2007 Feb;136(4):656-61
references: 17223916
references: Am Rev Respir Dis. 1968 Nov;98(5):886-7
references: 4879045
references: Thromb Haemost. 2011 Feb;105(2):295-301
references: 21103659
references: J Clin Invest. 1992 Jan;89(1):210-22
references: 1370295
references: Blood. 1993 Nov 1;82(9):2649-63
references: 7693043
references: Dev Biol. 2004 Feb 15;266(2):223-37
references: 14738873
references: Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am. 2014 Mar;41(1):103-12
references: 24491986
references: Nat Rev Immunol. 2002 Sep;2(9):656-63
references: 12209134
references: Cell Immunol. 1983 Nov;82(1):23-32
references: 6640675
references: Int J Gynecol Pathol. 2003 Jan;22(1):63-70
references: 12496700
references: Reprod Biomed Online. 2000;1(3):107-8
references: 12804190
references: Science. 2003 Jan 17;299(5605):405-8
references: 12532021
references: N Engl J Med. 1996 Jun 6;334(23):1526-9
references: 8618609
references: J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1999 Sep;84(9):3355-63
references: 10487711
references: Annu Rev Immunol. 2004;22:129-56
references: 15032576
references: Reprod Biol Endocrinol. 2004 Aug 04;2:59
references: 15294019
references: BMJ. 2011 May 09;342:d2616
references: 21558126
references: Hypertens Pregnancy. 2001;20(1):35-44
references: 12044312
references: Fertil Steril. 2012 Oct;98 (4):1028-36.e1-2
references: 22818289
references: Mol Hum Reprod. 2006 Apr;12(4):237-43
references: 16556679
references: Br J Rheumatol. 1996 Aug;35(8):808-9
references: 8761204
references: Placenta. 2003 Jan;24(1):53-64
references: 12495660
references: Science. 1989 Sep 15;245(4923):1238-41
references: 2551036
references: J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2002 Jul;12(1):1-8
references: 12422903
references: Nat Med. 2012 Dec;18(12):1754-67
references: 23223073
references: Am J Pathol. 2003 Jan;162(1):115-25
references: 12507895
references: J Immunol. 2006 Jul 1;177(1):3-4
references: 16785488
references: Blood. 2007 Oct 1;110(7):2423-31
references: 17536017
references: Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1979 Feb 28;86(4):1319-24
references: 571279
references: Thromb Res. 2009 Dec;124(6):656-62
references: 19683334
references: Clin Cancer Res. 2005 Oct 1;11(19 Pt 1):7003-11
references: 16203794
references: Fertil Steril. 2006 Aug;86(2):362-6
references: 16769056
references: Am J Anat. 1956 May;98(3):435-93
references: 13362122
references: Inflammation. 2013 Dec;36(6):1201-8
references: 23690274
references: Biol Reprod. 2006 Feb;74(2):403-9
references: 16251495