title: Analysis of TNF-α (-308) polymorphism and gingival crevicular fluid TNF-α levels in aggressive and chronic periodontitis: A preliminary report.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to determine the differences in the distribution of TNF-α (-308) gene polymorphism among aggressive periodontitis, chronic periodontitis and periodontally healthy individuals and also to investigate whether this polymorphism is associated with gingival crevicular fluid TNF-α levels and periodontal disease severity.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 93 individuals were enrolled in the study including 38 aggressive periodontitis, 29 chronic periodontitis patients, and 26 healthy controls. Single nucleotide polymorphism at TNF-α (-308) is analyzed by PCR-RFLP method. Gingival crevicular fluid samples were analyzed for TNF-α, using ELISA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The distribution of genotypes and allele frequencies for TNF-α (-308) were similar among the groups. After stratification of patients with respect to attachment level, aggressive periodontitis patients with clinical attachment level ⩾4mm was observed to have a higher frequency of TNF-α (-308) allele 2 compared to the chronic periodontitis patients with clinical attachment level ⩾4mm. No significant differences were found between the TNF-α levels of the different genotypes in spite of an insignificant increase in patient groups carrying TNF-α (-308) allele 2.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this study revealed an association between TNF-α (-308) allele 2 frequency and aggressive periodontitis patients with clinical attachment level ⩾4mm in the population studied.
authors: Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Gazi, Ankara, Turkey. Electronic address: ozlemozertr@gmail.com.
authors: Özlem
authors: Ö
authors: Özer Yücel
authors: Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.
authors: Ezel
authors: E
authors: Berker
authors: Genetic Technologies, Diagnostics and Therapies INC., İstanbul, Turkey.
authors: Lütfiye
authors: L
authors: Mesci
authors: Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.
authors: Kenan
authors: K
authors: Eratalay
authors: T.C. Ministry of Health, Tepebaşı Mouth and Tooth Health Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.
authors: Eser
authors: E
authors: Tepe
authors: Hacettepe University, Medical Faculty, Children's Hospital, Immunology Unit, Ankara, Turkey.
authors: İlhan
authors: İ
authors: Tezcan
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D010520:Aggressive Periodontitis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology*; D055113:Chronic Periodontitis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D005838:Genotype; D005883:Gingival Crevicular Fluid / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010512:Periodontal Index; D012150:Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
keywords: Aggressive periodontitis; Chronic periodontitis; GCF; Gene polymorphism; TNF-α