title: Salsalate treatment improves glycemia without altering adipose tissue in nondiabetic obese hispanics.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Salsalate treatment has well-known effects on improving glycemia, and the objective of this study was to examine whether the mechanism of this effect was related to changes in adipose tissue.
  
  
  METHODS
  A randomized double-blind and placebo-controlled trial in obese Hispanics (18-35 years) was conducted. The intervention consisted of 4 g day(-1) of salsalate (n = 11) versus placebo (n = 13) for 4 weeks. Outcome measures included glycemia, adiposity, ectopic fat, and adipose tissue gene expression and inflammation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In those receiving salsalate, plasma fasting glucose decreased by 3.4% (P < 0.01), free fatty acids decreased by 42.5% (P = 0.06), and adiponectin increased by 27.7% (P < 0.01). Salsalate increased insulin AUC by 38% (P = 0.01) and HOMA-B by 47.2% (P < 0.01) while estimates of insulin sensitivity/resistance were unaffected. These metabolic improvements occurred without changes in total, abdominal, visceral, or liver fat. Plasma markers of inflammation/immune activation were unchanged following salsalate. Salsalate had no effects on adipose tissue including adipocyte size, presence of crown-like structures, or gene expression of adipokines, immune cell markers, or cytokines downstream of NF-κB with the exception of downregulation of IL-1β (P < 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Findings suggest that metabolic improvements in response to salsalate occurred without alterations in adiposity, ectopic fat, or adipose tissue gene expression and inflammation.
authors: Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
authors: Tanya L
authors: TL
authors: Alderete
authors: Fred R
authors: FR
authors: Sattler
authors: Joyce M
authors: JM
authors: Richey
authors: Hooman
authors: H
authors: Allayee
authors: Steven D
authors: SD
authors: Mittelman
authors: Xia
authors: X
authors: Sheng
authors: Jonathan
authors: J
authors: Tucci
authors: Lauren E
authors: LE
authors: Gyllenhammer
authors: Edward G
authors: EG
authors: Grant
authors: Michael I
authors: MI
authors: Goran
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002140:California; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D038321:Glycemic Index; D006630:Hispanic or Latino; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000378:metabolism; D007328:Insulin / Q000378:metabolism; D000078790:Insulin Secretion; D008297:Male; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000208:ethnology; D012459:Salicylates / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D007328:Insulin; D012459:Salicylates; C014182:salicylsalicylic acid
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