title: Dispersal evolution and resource matching in a spatially and temporally variable environment.
abstract: Metapopulations may consist of patches of different quality, and are often disturbed by extrinsic processes causing variation of patch quality. The persistence of such metapopulations then depends on the species' dispersal strategy. In a temporally constant environment, the evolution of dispersal rates follows the resource matching rule, i.e. at the evolutionarily stable dispersal strategy the number of competitors in each patch matches the resource availability in each patch. Here, we investigate how the distribution of individuals resulting from convergence stable dispersal strategies would match the distribution of resources in an environment which is temporally variable due to extrinsic disturbance. We develop an analytically tractable asexual model with two qualities of patches. We show that convergence stable dispersal rates are such that resource matching is predicted in expectation before habitat quality variation, and that the distribution of individuals undermatches resources after habitat quality variation. The overall flow of individuals between patches matches the overall flow of resources between patches resulting from environmental variation. We show that these conclusions can be generalized to organisms with sexual reproduction, and to a metapopulation with three qualities of patches when there is no mutational correlation between dispersal rates.
authors: Université Toulouse 3 Paul Sabatier, CNRS, ENFA; UMR 5174 EDB (Laboratoire Evolution & Diversité Biologique); Toulouse, France. Electronic address: robin.aguilee@univ-tlse3.fr.
authors: Robin
authors: R
authors: Aguilée
authors: Laboratoire d׳Écologie Alpine (UMR CNRS 5553), Université Joseph Fourier, Grenoble, France. Electronic address: bonamy@horus.ens.fr.
authors: Pierre
authors: P
authors: de Villemereuil
authors: Laboratoire Ecologie, Systématique et Evolution, Université Paris-XI, UMR 8079, CNRS, AgroParisTech, F-91405 Orsay, France. Electronic address: jean-michel.guillon@u-psud.fr.
authors: Jean-Michel
authors: JM
authors: Guillon
mesh_terms: D063147:Animal Distribution; D000818:Animals; D005075:Biological Evolution; D004777:Environment; D008954:Models, Biological; D013997:Time Factors
keywords: Convergence stable strategy; Habitat dependent dispersal; Ideal free distribution; Individuals׳ distribution; Individuals׳ flow