title: A novel combinational approach of microstimulation and bioluminescence imaging to study the mechanisms of action of cerebral electrical stimulation in mice.
abstract: Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is used to treat a number of neurological conditions and is currently being tested to intervene in neuropsychiatric conditions. However, a better understanding of how it works would ensure that side effects could be minimized and benefits optimized. We have thus developed a unique device to perform brain stimulation (BS) in mice and to address fundamental issues related to this methodology in the pre-clinical setting. This new microstimulator prototype was specifically designed to allow simultaneous live bioluminescence imaging of the mouse brain, allowing real time assessment of the impact of stimulation on cerebral tissue. We validated the authenticity of this tool in vivo by analysing the expression of toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2), corresponding to the microglial response, in the stimulated brain regions of TLR2-fluc-GFP transgenic mice, which we further corroborated with post-mortem analyses in these animals as well as in human brains of patients who underwent DBS to treat their Parkinson's disease. In the present study, we report on the development of the first BS device that allows for simultaneous live in vivo imaging in mice. This tool opens up a whole new range of possibilities that allow a better understanding of BS and how to optimize its effects through its use in murine models of disease.
authors: Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec (CHUQ), Axe Neurosciences, Québec, QC, Canada.
authors: Dany
authors: D
authors: Arsenault
authors: John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
authors: Janelle
authors: J
authors: Drouin-Ouellet
authors: Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec (CHUQ), Axe Neurosciences, Québec, QC, Canada.
authors: Martine
authors: M
authors: Saint-Pierre
authors: Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec (CHUQ), Axe Neurosciences, Québec, QC, Canada.
authors: Petros
authors: P
authors: Petrou
authors: Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec (CHUQ), Axe Neurosciences, Québec, QC, Canada.
authors: Marilyn
authors: M
authors: Dubois
authors: Département de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.|Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada.
authors: Jasna
authors: J
authors: Kriz
authors: John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
authors: Roger A
authors: RA
authors: Barker
authors: Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec (CHUQ), Axe Neurosciences, Québec, QC, Canada.
authors: Antonio
authors: A
authors: Cicchetti
authors: Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec (CHUQ), Axe Neurosciences, Québec, QC, Canada.|Département de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.
authors: Francesca
authors: F
authors: Cicchetti
mesh_terms: D000200:Action Potentials / Q000502:physiology*; D000368:Aged; D000818:Animals; D001344:Autopsy; D001921:Brain / Q000502:physiology*; D046690:Deep Brain Stimulation / Q000379:methods*; D003952:Diagnostic Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004566:Electrodes; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008163:Luminescent Measurements / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D017628:Microglia / Q000502:physiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D009044:Motor Cortex / Q000502:physiology*; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000503:physiopathology*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology; D051195:Toll-Like Receptor 2 / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: C493486:Tlr2 protein, mouse; D051195:Toll-Like Receptor 2
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