title: Comparison of sister species identifies factors underpinning plastid compatibility in green sea slugs.
abstract: The only animal cells known that can maintain functional plastids (kleptoplasts) in their cytosol occur in the digestive gland epithelia of sacoglossan slugs. Only a few species of the many hundred known can profit from kleptoplasty during starvation long-term, but why is not understood. The two sister taxa Elysia cornigera and Elysia timida sequester plastids from the same algal species, but with a very different outcome: while E. cornigera usually dies within the first two weeks when deprived of food, E. timida can survive for many months to come. Here we compare the responses of the two slugs to starvation, blocked photosynthesis and light stress. The two species respond differently, but in both starvation is the main denominator that alters global gene expression profiles. The kleptoplasts' ability to fix CO2 decreases at a similar rate in both slugs during starvation, but only E. cornigera individuals die in the presence of functional kleptoplasts, concomitant with the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the digestive tract. We show that profiting from the acquisition of robust plastids, and key to E. timida's longer survival, is determined by an increased starvation tolerance that keeps ROS levels at bay.
authors: Institute of Molecular Evolution, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstrasse 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
authors: Jan
authors: J
authors: de Vries
authors: Institute of Molecular Evolution, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstrasse 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
authors: Christian
authors: C
authors: Woehle
authors: Institute of Molecular Evolution, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstrasse 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
authors: Gregor
authors: G
authors: Christa
authors: Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig, Adenauerallee 160, 53113 Bonn, Germany.
authors: Heike
authors: H
authors: Wägele
authors: Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors: Aloysius G M
authors: AG
authors: Tielens
authors: Plant Biochemistry and Stress Physiology, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
authors: Peter
authors: P
authors: Jahns
authors: Institute of Molecular Evolution, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstrasse 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany gould@hhu.de.
authors: Sven B
authors: SB
authors: Gould
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D049851:Gastropoda / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology* / Q000528:radiation effects; D008027:Light; D010788:Photosynthesis; D018087:Plastids / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000528:radiation effects; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D013045:Species Specificity; D013217:Starvation; D059467:Transcriptome
chemical_list: D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species
keywords: invertebrates; kleptoplasty; photosynthetic slugs; reactive oxygen species; sacoglossa; starvation
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