title: Effect of transient blood glucose increases after oral glucose intake on the human urinary proteome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Unlike blood, which has mechanisms to maintain homeostasis, urine is more likely to reflect changes in the body. However, the urinary proteome is affected by many factors such as diet, medication, daily activities. Transient increase of blood glucose frequently occurs after the consumption of food and may be an interfering factor in biomarker studies.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this study, a transient increase of blood glucose level was achieved by performing an oral glucose tolerance test on nine healthy human volunteers. Urine samples before and after the test were collected and analyzed by LC-MS/MS.
  
  
  RESULTS
  According to quantification using Progenesis LC-MS software, only the protein neutrophil defensin 1, which was reported to participate in reducing blood glucose levels, was increased in the urine after glucose intake; and almost all urinary proteins may not be affected.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Transient increase of blood glucose levels may not be a major interfering factor in biomarker studies, at least with current levels of identification and quantification.
authors: National Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.|State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Peking Union Medical College, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
authors: Menglin
authors: M
authors: Li
authors: National Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
authors: Mindi
authors: M
authors: Zhao
authors: National Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.|Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Gene Engineering and Biotechnology Beijing Key Laboratory, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.
authors: Youhe
authors: Y
authors: Gao
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001786:Blood Glucose; D005260:Female; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000652:urine*; D020543:Proteome / Q000378:metabolism*; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D020543:Proteome
keywords: High blood glucose; Influence factor; Urinary proteome