title: Early temperature and mortality in critically ill patients with acute neurological diseases: trauma and stroke differ from infection.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Fever suppression may be beneficial for patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) and stroke, but for patients with meningitis or encephalitis [central nervous system (CNS) infection], the febrile response may be advantageous.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the relationship between peak temperature in the first 24 h of intensive care unit (ICU) admission and all-cause hospital mortality for acute neurological diseases.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective cohort design from 2005 to 2013, including 934,159 admissions to 148 ICUs in Australia and New Zealand (ANZ) and 908,775 admissions to 236 ICUs in the UK.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 53,942 (5.8 %) patients in ANZ and 56,696 (6.2 %) patients in the UK with a diagnosis of TBI, stroke or CNS infection. For both the ANZ (P = 0.02) and UK (P < 0.0001) cohorts there was a significant interaction between early peak temperature and CNS infection, indicating that the nature of the relationship between in-hospital mortality and peak temperature differed between TBI/stroke and CNS infection. For patients with CNS infection, elevated peak temperature was not associated with an increased risk of death, relative to the risk at 37-37.4 °C (normothermia). For patients with stroke and TBI, peak temperature below 37 °C and above 39 °C was associated with an increased risk of death, compared to normothermia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The relationship between peak temperature in the first 24 h after ICU admission and in-hospital mortality differs for TBI/stroke compared to CNS infection. For CNS infection, increased temperature is not associated with increased risk of death.
authors: Critical Care and Trauma Division, George Institute for Global Health, Sydney, NSW, Australia, m.saxena@unsw.edu.au.
authors: Manoj
authors: M
authors: Saxena
authors: Paul
authors: P
authors: Young
authors: David
authors: D
authors: Pilcher
authors: Michael
authors: M
authors: Bailey
authors: David
authors: D
authors: Harrison
authors: Rinaldo
authors: R
authors: Bellomo
authors: Simon
authors: S
authors: Finfer
authors: Richard
authors: R
authors: Beasley
authors: Jonathan
authors: J
authors: Hyam
authors: David
authors: D
authors: Menon
authors: Kathryn
authors: K
authors: Rowan
authors: John
authors: J
authors: Myburgh
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001315:Australia / Q000453:epidemiology; D001831:Body Temperature; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000503:physiopathology*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D016638:Critical Illness / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000401:mortality*; D005260:Female; D017052:Hospital Mortality; D006801:Humans; D007239:Infections / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009422:Nervous System Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000401:mortality* / Q000503:physiopathology; D009520:New Zealand / Q000453:epidemiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D020521:Stroke / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006113:United Kingdom / Q000453:epidemiology
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