title: From ideas to efficacy: The ORBIT model for developing behavioral treatments for chronic diseases.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Given the critical role of behavior in preventing and treating chronic diseases, it is important to accelerate the development of behavioral treatments that can improve chronic disease prevention and outcomes. Findings from basic behavioral and social sciences research hold great promise for addressing behaviorally based clinical health problems, yet there is currently no established pathway for translating fundamental behavioral science discoveries into health-related treatments ready for Phase III efficacy testing. This article provides a systematic framework for developing behavioral treatments for preventing and treating chronic diseases.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Obesity-Related Behavioral Intervention Trials (ORBIT) model for behavioral treatment development features a flexible and progressive process, prespecified clinically significant milestones for forward movement, and return to earlier stages for refinement and optimization.
  
  
  RESULTS
  This article presents the background and rationale for the ORBIT model, a summary of key questions for each phase, a selection of study designs and methodologies well-suited to answering these questions, and prespecified milestones for forward or backward movement across phases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The ORBIT model provides a progressive, clinically relevant approach to increasing the number of evidence-based behavioral treatments available to prevent and treat chronic diseases. (PsycINFO Database Record
authors: Clinical Applications and Prevention Branch, Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health.
authors: Susan M
authors: SM
authors: Czajkowski
authors: Department of Preventive Medicine, Rush University Medical Center.
authors: Lynda H
authors: LH
authors: Powell
authors: Department of Psychiatry, Center for Health and Community, University of California, San Francisco.
authors: Nancy
authors: N
authors: Adler
authors: Pediatric Prevention Research Center, Wayne State University.
authors: Sylvie
authors: S
authors: Naar-King
authors: School of Community and Global Health, Claremont Graduate University.
authors: Kim D
authors: KD
authors: Reynolds
authors: Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolic Diseases, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health.
authors: Christine M
authors: CM
authors: Hunter
authors: Division of Community Health and Human Development, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley.
authors: Barbara
authors: B
authors: Laraia
authors: Office of Behavioral and Social Sciences Research, Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health.
authors: Deborah H
authors: DH
authors: Olster
authors: Behavioral Research Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health.
authors: Frank M
authors: FM
authors: Perna
authors: Center for Integrative Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College.
authors: Janey C
authors: JC
authors: Peterson
authors: Department of Psychiatry, Center for Health and Community, University of California, San Francisco.
authors: Elissa
authors: E
authors: Epel
authors: Clinical Applications and Prevention Branch, Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health.
authors: Josephine E
authors: JE
authors: Boyington
authors: Center for Integrative Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College.
authors: Mary E
authors: ME
authors: Charlson
mesh_terms: D001521:Behavior Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D035843:Biomedical Research; D002908:Chronic Disease / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans
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