title: Spatial distribution of 5-hydroxymethyl cytosine in rat brain and temporal distribution in striatum.
abstract: Recently, 5-hydroxymethyl cytosine (5hmC) was identified in higher organisms as a novel epigenetic modification factor, and was found to be substantially enriched in the central nervous system relative to many other tissues and cell types. Additionally, epigenetic modifications are markedly involved in many neurological disorders. However, the precise role of 5hmC in the brain and neurological diseases remains elusive. To reveal its functional role, a general screen of its spatial and temporal distribution was proposed as being a reasonable starting investigation. Here, we found that 5hmC was widely distributed in the cerebral cortex, striatum, hippocampus, cerebellum, and the brain stem. At the cellular level, 5hmC was widely expressed in neurons and astrocytes even probably the majority of glial cells. Further, the content of 5hmC in different brain regions was inconsistent. Moreover, the pattern of 5hmC in the regions of the whole rat brain was highly susceptible to age-associated modifications. We also found similar phenomena in the striatum, which had not been previously studied. Also, unlike other brain regions, for example in the cerebellum and granulosa cells, 5hmC also appeared to display specific expression in these tissues. However, we didn't obtain the expected result that 5hmC will be increased in 6-hydroxydopamine-induced models of Parkinson's disease with regard the preliminary exploration of 5hmC in these models. Our results suggest that in rats and other mammals, 5hmC likely plays an important role in the brain and is associated with neural development and aging in different areas of the brain.
authors: Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No. 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, People's Republic of China.
authors: Tingting
authors: T
authors: Zheng
authors: Qing
authors: Q
authors: Lv
authors: Xiaoguang
authors: X
authors: Lei
authors: Xinzhen
authors: X
authors: Yin
authors: Baorong
authors: B
authors: Zhang
mesh_terms: D044503:5-Methylcytosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism*; D003342:Corpus Striatum / Q000378:metabolism*; D003596:Cytosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D016627:Oxidopamine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: C011865:5-hydroxymethylcytosine; D044503:5-Methylcytosine; D016627:Oxidopamine; D003596:Cytosine
references: Front Genet. 2014 Mar 10;5:46
references: 24653733
references: J Neurochem. 2008 Jul;106(1):486-94
references: 18410512
references: Neurotox Res. 2007 Apr;11(3-4):151-67
references: 17449457
references: Brain. 2004 May;127(Pt 5):1075-84
references: 15033896
references: Hum Mol Genet. 2006 Oct 15;15(20):3012-23
references: 16959795
references: Neuron. 2003 Dec 4;40(5):971-82
references: 14659095
references: Nucleic Acids Res. 2004 Aug 09;32(14):4100-8
references: 15302911
references: Age Ageing. 2010 Mar;39(2):156-61
references: 20051606
references: PLoS One. 2010 Nov 24;5(11):e15522
references: 21124796
references: Nutrients. 2013 Mar 15;5(3):887-914
references: 23503168
references: Mutat Res. 1999 Dec 13;446(2):215-23
references: 10635344
references: Angew Chem Int Ed Engl. 2010 Jul 19;49(31):5375-7
references: 20583021
references: Hum Mol Genet. 2013 Sep 15;22(18):3641-53
references: 23669348
references: Epigenetics. 2013 Oct;8(10):1030-8
references: 23907097
references: Lancet Neurol. 2009 Nov;8(11):1056-72
references: 19833297
references: J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol. 2010 Dec;23 (4):228-42
references: 20938043
references: Nat Rev Genet. 2011 Nov 15;13(1):7-13
references: 22083101
references: J Neurosci Methods. 1980 Dec;3(2):129-49
references: 6110810
references: Oncotarget. 2011 Aug;2(8):627-37
references: 21896958
references: Nat Neurosci. 2011 Oct 30;14(12):1607-16
references: 22037496
references: J Neurosci. 2010 May 5;30(18):6355-9
references: 20445061
references: Nature. 2010 Aug 26;466(7310):1129-33
references: 20639862
references: Science. 2009 May 15;324(5929):929-30
references: 19372393
references: Neuromolecular Med. 2013 Jun;15(2):295-309
references: 23385980
references: Science. 1980 Nov 7;210(4470):604-10
references: 6254144
references: FASEB J. 1998 Apr;12(6):439-49
references: 9535216
references: Restor Neurol Neurosci. 2012;30(3):237-45
references: 22426040
references: Science. 2009 May 15;324(5929):930-5
references: 19372391
references: Neurobiol Aging. 2014 Jun;35(6):1334-44
references: 24387984
references: Nat Genet. 2003 Mar;33 Suppl:245-54
references: 12610534
references: Neurobiol Dis. 2008 Dec;32(3):521-7
references: 18930140
references: PLoS One. 2011 Feb 28;6(2):e17338
references: 21386999
references: Neuron. 2003 Sep 11;39(6):889-909
references: 12971891