title: Acute isoproterenol induces anxiety-like behavior in rats and increases plasma content of extracellular vesicles.
abstract: Several clinical observations have demonstrated a link between heart rate and anxiety or panic disorders. In these patients, β-adrenergic receptor function was altered. This prompted us to investigate whether the β-adrenergic receptor agonist isoproterenol, at a dose that stimulates peripheral β-adrenergic system but has no effects at the central nervous system, can induce anxiety-like behavior in rats. Moreover, some possible messengers involved in the peripheral to brain communication were investigated. Our results showed that isoproterenol (5 mg kg(-1) i.p.) increased heart rate, evoked anxiety-like behavior, did not result in motor impairments and increased extracellular vesicle content in the blood. Plasma corticosterone level was unmodified as well as vesicular Hsp70 content. Vesicular miR-208 was also unmodified indicating a source of increased extracellular vesicles different from cardiomyocytes. We can hypothesize that peripheral extracellular vesicles might contribute to the β-adrenergic receptor-evoked anxiety-like behavior, acting as peripheral signals in modulating the mental state.
authors: Department of Biomedical, Metabolic Sciences and Neuroscience, Physiology and Neuroscience Unit, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via Campi 287, Modena, Italy. Electronic address: giuseppina.leo@unimore.it.
authors: Giuseppina
authors: G
authors: Leo
authors: Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, via Aurelio Saffi, 2, Urbino, PU, Italy. Electronic address: michele.guescini@uniurb.it.
authors: Michele
authors: M
authors: Guescini
authors: Department of Diagnostic, Clinical Medicine and Public Health, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via Campi 287, Modena, Italy. Electronic address: susanna.genedani@unimore.it.
authors: Susanna
authors: S
authors: Genedani
authors: Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, via Aurelio Saffi, 2, Urbino, PU, Italy. Electronic address: vilberto.stocchi@uniurb.it.
authors: Vilberto
authors: V
authors: Stocchi
authors: Department of Diagnostic, Clinical Medicine and Public Health, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via Campi 287, Modena, Italy. Electronic address: chiara.carone@unimore.it.
authors: Chiara
authors: C
authors: Carone
authors: Department of Biomedical, Metabolic Sciences and Neuroscience, Physiology and Neuroscience Unit, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via Campi 287, Modena, Italy. Electronic address: monica.filaferro@unimore.it.
authors: Monica
authors: M
authors: Filaferro
authors: Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, via Aurelio Saffi, 2, Urbino, PU, Italy. Electronic address: davide.sisti@uniurb.it.
authors: Davide
authors: D
authors: Sisti
authors: Department of Pharmacy, University of Genova, viale Cembrano, 4, Genova, Italy. Electronic address: marcoli@pharmatox.unige.it.
authors: Manuela
authors: M
authors: Marcoli
authors: Department of Pharmacy, University of Genova, viale Cembrano, 4, Genova, Italy. Electronic address: maura@difar.unige.it.
authors: Guido
authors: G
authors: Maura
authors: Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences (DIBINEM), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Altura 3, Bologna, Italy. Electronic address: pietro.cortelli@unibo.it.
authors: Pietro
authors: P
authors: Cortelli
authors: Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, via Gabelli 65, Padova, Italy. Electronic address: diego.guidolin@unipd.it.
authors: Diego
authors: D
authors: Guidolin
authors: Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Retzius väg 8, Stockholm, Sweden. Electronic address: Kjell.Fuxe@ki.se.
authors: Kjell
authors: K
authors: Fuxe
authors: Department of Biomedical, Metabolic Sciences and Neuroscience, Physiology and Neuroscience Unit, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via Campi 287, Modena, Italy. Electronic address: luigiagnati@tin.it.
authors: Luigi Francesco
authors: LF
authors: Agnati
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001007:Anxiety / Q000097:blood / Q000139:chemically induced*; D001774:Blood Chemical Analysis; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002317:Cardiovascular Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003345:Corticosterone / Q000097:blood; D004562:Electrocardiography; D000067128:Extracellular Vesicles / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D018840:HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D007545:Isoproterenol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000378:metabolism; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000187:drug effects; D011619:Psychotropic Drugs / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D002317:Cardiovascular Agents; D018840:HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins; C569395:MIRN208 microRNA, rat; D035683:MicroRNAs; D011619:Psychotropic Drugs; D007545:Isoproterenol; D003345:Corticosterone
keywords: Anxiety-like behavior; Extracellular vesicles; Hsp70; Isoproterenol; miR-208