title: Time Course of Prostaglandin Analog-related Conjunctival Hyperemia and the Effect of a Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Ophthalmic Solution.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  It is reported that nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) ophthalmic solution affected the therapeutic efficacy of prostaglandin (PG) analog by inhibiting endogenous PG production. However, whether NSAID ophthalmic solution interferes with its conjunctival hyperemia is unknown. We investigated the effect of NSAID ophthalmic solution on its hyperemia.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled 1-month trial. Benzalkonium chloride-free travoprost 0.004% was used as a PG analog and administered once daily (08:00) in both eyes. Bromfenac sodium hydrate was assigned randomly to 1 eye twice daily (08:00 and 20:00) (the NSAID side), whereas flavin adenine dinucleotide sodium was applied to the fellow eye of each patient twice daily (08:00 and 20:00) (the control side). Conjunctival photographs of both eyes were taken 3 times (08:00, 14:00, 20:00) on days 1, 2, 7, and 28, and hyperemia was scored from 0 to 5 (H-score). We compared H-scores on the NSAID and control sides.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-eight Japanese normal subjects completed the study. The H-score on the NSAID side was significantly lower than that on the control side on day 1 at 14:00 (P=0.016, paired t test) and day 2 at 14:00 (P=0.016). But there were no differences at 20:00 on each day and after that time.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of NSAID ophthalmic solution had almost no impact on PG analog-related conjunctival hyperemia. This partly suggests that the action mechanism of endogenous PG after administrating PG analog might be no correlation with conjunctival hyperemia.
authors: *Department of Ophthalmology, University of Tokyo, Graduate School of Medicine †Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital §Matsuo Eye Clinic ∥Yotsuya Shirato Eye Clinic, Tokyo ‡Miyata Eye Hospital, Miyazaki, Japan.
authors: Rei
authors: R
authors: Sakata
authors: Toshihiro
authors: T
authors: Sakisaka
authors: Hiroshi
authors: H
authors: Matsuo
authors: Kazunori
authors: K
authors: Miyata
authors: Makoto
authors: M
authors: Aihara
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001577:Benzophenones / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001969:Bromobenzenes / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003228:Conjunctiva / Q000098:blood supply*; D003229:Conjunctival Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006940:Hyperemia / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D007429:Intraocular Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors; D000069557:Travoprost / Q000009:adverse effects*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D001577:Benzophenones; D001969:Bromobenzenes; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions; C053083:bromfenac; D000069557:Travoprost