title: Metals as a common trigger of inflammation resulting in non-specific symptoms: diagnosis and treatment.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The multiple symptoms of chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) and fibromyalgia resemble those described in patients suffering from autoimmune/inflammatory syndrome induced by adjuvants (ASIA). It has been suggested that chronic metal-induced inflammation might play a role both in CFS and fibromyalgia as well as in ASIA. Humans are exposed to metals mainly through the release of metal ions from corroding dental restorations and orthopedic implants, food, vaccines and jewelry. Metals readily bind to sulphur and other groups in the mitochondria, enzymes and cell proteins. Metal-bound proteins are recognized by the immune system of susceptible subjects and might trigger an abnormal immune response, including allergy and autoimmunity.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To study three subjects with CFS and two with fibromyalgia, all of whom suspected metal exposure as a trigger for their ill health.
  
  
  METHODS
  We measured delayed-type hypersensitivity to metals (metal allergy) using a validated lymphocyte transformation test, LTT-MELISA. All patients except one were sensitized to metals present in their dental restorations. The remaining patient reacted to metals in his skull implant. The removal of sensitizing metals resulted in long-term health improvement. Nine healthy controls matched for gender and age showed only marginal reactivity to the metals tested.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients with CFS and fibromyalgia are frequently sensitized to metals found in the environment or used in dentistry and surgery. This allergy to metals might initiate or aggravate non-specific symptoms in metal-sensitized patients.
authors: Vera
authors: V
authors: Stejskal
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D015551:Autoimmunity / Q000276:immunology; D001860:Bone Plates / Q000009:adverse effects; D003723:Dental Amalgam / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry; D020878:Device Removal / Q000379:methods*; D015673:Fatigue Syndrome, Chronic / Q000209:etiology / Q000276:immunology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D005356:Fibromyalgia / Q000209:etiology / Q000276:immunology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D006967:Hypersensitivity / Q000209:etiology / Q000276:immunology; D007159:Immunologic Tests / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008670:Metals / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000145:classification / Q000276:immunology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008875:Middle Aged; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D008670:Metals; D003723:Dental Amalgam