title: Prenatal tobacco exposure and infant stress reactivity: role of child sex and maternal behavior.
abstract: This study examined the association between prenatal tobacco exposure (PTE) and infant cortisol reactivity at 9 months of infant age. Child sex and maternal parenting behavior were hypothesized moderators. The sample included 217 (148 tobacco-exposed, 69 non-exposed) mother-child dyads. Data used were obtained from pregnancy assessments, mother-infant feeding interactions at 2 months, and salivary cortisol at four time points in response to frustration at 9 months. Results indicated a significant association between PTE and infant cortisol that was moderated by infant sex and maternal intrusiveness. That is, PTE boys had lower cortisol than control boys, but there was no association between PTE and cortisol among girls. There was a significant association between PTE and cortisol among infants of intrusive mothers, but not among infants with non-intrusive mothers. Thus, PTE was associated with cortisol hypo-reactivity such that boys and non-exposed infants experiencing high maternal intrusiveness were at greater risk.
authors: Research Institute on Addictions, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY. eiden@ria.buffalo.edu.
authors: Rina D
authors: RD
authors: Eiden
authors: Danielle S
authors: DS
authors: Molnar
authors: Douglas A
authors: DA
authors: Granger
authors: Craig R
authors: CR
authors: Colder
authors: Pamela
authors: P
authors: Schuetze
authors: Marilyn A
authors: MA
authors: Huestis
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000032:analysis / Q000502:physiology; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008425:Maternal Behavior / Q000502:physiology / Q000523:psychology*; D016487:Parenting / Q000523:psychology; D011247:Pregnancy; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology*; D012463:Saliva / Q000737:chemistry; D012737:Sex Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects*; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000503:physiopathology*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D006854:Hydrocortisone
keywords: infant cortisol; mother-infant interactions; prenatal tobacco exposure; sex differences
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