title: Risk and injury severity of obese child passengers in motor vehicle crashes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the risk and injury severity on the regional body (head, neck, and chest) of obese children in frontal motor vehicle crashes (MVCs).
  
  
  METHODS
  No physical surrogates (i.e., crash dummies) for obese children were available, and experiments on pediatric cadavers were generally not feasible. Therefore, computational models of obese children using medical imaging processing and state-of-the-art modeling techniques were developed. A hybrid modeling technique was used to integrate the finite element model for torso fat layer into the standard multibody model to represent various levels of obese children for 3- and 6-year-old age groups. The models were used to investigate injury severity under various crash scenarios through model simulations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The head injury criterion and chest acceleration were observed to increase as body mass index (BMI) increased. Meanwhile, no such correlations were found between BMI and neck injury and chest deformation. Forward head and torso excursions were observed to increase as obesity increased, owing to the momentum effect of greater body mass.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Obese children appeared to have greater risks for head and chest injuries than do their non-obese counterparts in frontal MVCs, owing to higher head and chest accelerations induced by greater body excursion.
authors: Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.
authors: Jong-Eun
authors: JE
authors: Kim
authors: Min-Heng
authors: MH
authors: Hsieh
authors: Phillip C
authors: PC
authors: Shum
authors: R Shane
authors: RS
authors: Tubbs
authors: David B
authors: DB
authors: Allison
mesh_terms: D000063:Accidents, Traffic; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003198:Computer Simulation; D006259:Craniocerebral Trauma / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008953:Models, Anatomic; D018986:Motor Vehicles; D019838:Neck Injuries / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D063766:Pediatric Obesity / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology; D012307:Risk Factors; D013898:Thoracic Injuries / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D015599:Trauma Severity Indices; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology
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