title: Sex-determining region of Y chromosome-related high-mobility-group box 2 in malignant tumors: current opinions and anticancer therapy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To gain insight into the mechanism by which sex-determining region of Y chromosome (SRY)-related high-mobility-group box 2 (SOX2) involved in carcinogenesis and cancer stem cells (CSCs).
  
  
  METHODS
  The data used in this review were mainly published in English from 2000 to present obtained from PubMed. The search terms were "SOX2," "cancer," "tumor" or "CSCs."
  
  
  METHODS
  Articles studying the mitochondria-related pathologic mechanism and treatment of glaucoma were selected and reviewed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  SOX2, a transcription factor that is the key in maintaining pluripotent properties of stem cells, is a member of SRY-related high-mobility group domain proteins. SOX2 participates in many biological processes, such as modulation of cell proliferation, regulation of cell death signaling, cell apoptosis, and most importantly, tumor formation and development. Although SOX2 has been implicated in the biology of various tumors and CSCs, the findings are highly controversial, and information regarding the underlying mechanism remains limited. Moreover, the mechanism by which SOX2 involved in carcinogenesis and tumor progression is rather unclear yet.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Here, we review the important biological functions of SOX2 in different tumors and CSCs, and the function of SOX2 signaling in the pathobiology of neoplasia, such as Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, Hippo signaling pathway, Survivin signaling pathway, PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, and so on. Targeting towards SOX2 may be an effective therapeutic strategy for cancer therapy.
authors: Shi-Guang
authors: SG
authors: Cao
authors: Zong-Juan
authors: ZJ
authors: Ming
authors: Yu-Ping
authors: YP
authors: Zhang
authors: Department of Respiratory Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, China.
authors: Shuan-Ying
authors: SY
authors: Yang
mesh_terms: D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism; D014411:Neoplastic Stem Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D055748:SOXB1 Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: C527782:SOX2 protein, human; D055748:SOXB1 Transcription Factors
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