title: Functional redundancy of protein kinase D1 and protein kinase D2 in neuronal polarity.
abstract: Mammalian protein kinase D (PKD) isoforms have been proposed to regulate diverse biological processes, including the establishment and maintenance of neuronal polarity. To investigate the function of PKD in neuronal polarization in vivo, we generated PKD knockout (KO) mice. Here, we show that the brain, particularly the hippocampus, of both PKD1 KO and PKD2 KO mice was similar to that of control animals. Neurite length in cultured PKD1 KO and PKD2 KO hippocampal neurons was similar to that of wild-type neurons. However, hippocampal neurons deficient in both PKD1 and PKD2 genes showed a reduction in axonal elongation and an increase in the percentage of neurons with multiple axons relative to control neurons. These results reveal that whereas PKD1 and PKD2 are essential for neuronal polarity, there exists a functional redundancy between the two proteins.
authors: Department of Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, 565-0871, Japan.
authors: Erda
authors: E
authors: Avriyanti
authors: Department of Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, 565-0871, Japan; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Padjadjaran University, Bandung, Indonesia.
authors: Nur
authors: N
authors: Atik
authors: Department of Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, 565-0871, Japan.
authors: Masataka
authors: M
authors: Kunii
authors: Laboratory for Molecular Traffic, Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Maebashi, 371-8512, Japan.
authors: Naomi
authors: N
authors: Furumoto
authors: Department of Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, 565-0871, Japan.
authors: Tomohiko
authors: T
authors: Iwano
authors: Department of Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, 565-0871, Japan.
authors: Shin-Ichiro
authors: S
authors: Yoshimura
authors: Department of Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, 565-0871, Japan; Department of Judo Therapy, Takarazuka University of Medical and Health Care, Takarazuka, 666-0162, Japan.
authors: Reiko
authors: R
authors: Harada
authors: Department of Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, 565-0871, Japan; Laboratory for Molecular Traffic, Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Maebashi, 371-8512, Japan. Electronic address: aharada@acb.med.osaka-u.ac.jp.
authors: Akihiro
authors: A
authors: Harada
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001369:Axons / Q000201:enzymology; D016764:Cell Polarity; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000166:cytology / Q000201:enzymology*; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D009474:Neurons / Q000166:cytology / Q000201:enzymology*; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D000091283:Protein Kinase D2; D011494:Protein Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000091283:Protein Kinase D2; D011494:Protein Kinases; C089212:protein kinase D; D011493:Protein Kinase C
keywords: Functional redundancy; Knockout mouse; Neuronal polarity; Protein kinase D