title: No lower cognitive functioning in older adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Research illustrates cognitive deficits in children and younger adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Few studies have focused on the cognitive functioning in older adults. This study investigates the association between ADHD and cognitive functioning in older adults.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were collected in a cross-sectional side study of the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam (LASA). A diagnostic interview to diagnose ADHD was administered among a subsample (N = 231, age 60-94). ADHD symptoms and diagnosis were assessed with the Diagnostic Interview for ADHD in Adults (DIVA) 2.0. Cognitive functioning was assessed with tests in the domains of executive functioning, information processing speed, memory, and attention/working memory.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Regression analyses indicate that ADHD diagnosis and ADHD severity were only negatively associated with cognitive functioning in the attention/working memory domain. When adjusting for depression, these associations were no longer significant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study shows that ADHD in older adults is associated with lower cognitive functioning in the attention/working memory domain. However, this was partly explained by depressive symptoms.
authors: Department of Psychiatry,The Netherlands EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research,VU University Medical Center,Amsterdam,the Netherlands.
authors: E J
authors: EJ
authors: Semeijn
authors: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics,VU University Medical Center,Amsterdam,the Netherlands.
authors: N C M
authors: NC
authors: Korten
authors: Department of Psychiatry,The Netherlands EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research,VU University Medical Center,Amsterdam,the Netherlands.
authors: H C
authors: HC
authors: Comijs
authors: Department of Psychiatry,The Netherlands EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research,VU University Medical Center,Amsterdam,the Netherlands.
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Michielsen
authors: Department of Psychiatry,The Netherlands EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research,VU University Medical Center,Amsterdam,the Netherlands.
authors: D J H
authors: DJ
authors: Deeg
authors: Department of Psychiatry,The Netherlands EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research,VU University Medical Center,Amsterdam,the Netherlands.
authors: A T F
authors: AT
authors: Beekman
authors: Expertise Centre ADHD in Adults,PsyQ,The Hague,the Netherlands.
authors: J J S
authors: JJ
authors: Kooij
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001288:Attention; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000175:diagnosis*; D003071:Cognition; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003863:Depression; D056344:Executive Function; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008570:Memory, Short-Term; D008875:Middle Aged; D009426:Netherlands; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales
keywords: ADHD; attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder; cognition; cognitive functioning