title: Salidroside protects against premature senescence induced by ultraviolet B irradiation in human dermal fibroblasts.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Salidroside, the predominant component of a Chinese herbal medicine, Rhodiola rosea L., becomes an attractive bio-agent due to its multifunction. Although it is well proposed that this herbal medicine may have photoprotective effect according to the folk hearsay, the direct supportive experimental evidences linking the drug with skin ageing have rarely been reported so far. The study was conducted to investigate the photoprotective role of salidrosdie and its related mechanisms in vitro.
  
  
  METHODS
  First, a premature senescence model induced by UVB irradiation (250 mJ cm(-2)) in human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) was established, and senescent phenotypes were evaluated by cell morphology, cell proliferation, senescence-associated beta-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) activity and cell cycle distribution. Then the photoprotective effect of salidroside was investigated. Cells were pre-treated with various doses of salidroside (1, 5 and 10 μM) followed by the sublethal dosage of UVB exposure and then were harvested for various detections, including senescence-associated phenotypes and molecules, alteration of oxidative stress, matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) secretion and inflammatory response.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Pre-treatment of salidroside dose dependently reversed the senescent state of HDFs induced by UVB as evidenced by elevated cell viability, decreased SA-β-gal activity and relieving of G1/G0 cell cycle arrest. UVB-induced increased protein expression of cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors p21(WAF) (1) and p16(INK) (4) was also repressed by salidrosdie treatment in a dose-dependent manner. Meanwhile, the increment of malondialdehyde (MDA) level in UVB-irradiated HDFs was inhibited upon salidroside treatment. Additionally, salidroside significantly attenuated UVB-induced synthesis of MMP-1 as well as the production of IL-6 and TNF-α in HDFs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data provided the evidences for the protective role of salidroside against UVB-induced premature senescence in HDFs probably via its anti-oxidative property and inhibition on production of MMP-1 and pro-inflammatory cytokines, which indicated its potential utilization as an active ingredient in the preparation of photoprotective formulation.
authors: Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Geriatrics & Geriatrics Research Institute of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Hospital, 12 Lingyin Road, Hangzhou, 310013, Zhejiang Province, China.
authors: G-X
authors: GX
authors: Mao
authors: W-M
authors: WM
authors: Xing
authors: X-L
authors: XL
authors: Wen
authors: B-B
authors: BB
authors: Jia
authors: Z-X
authors: ZX
authors: Yang
authors: Y-Z
authors: YZ
authors: Wang
authors: X-Q
authors: XQ
authors: Jin
authors: G-F
authors: GF
authors: Wang
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Yan
mesh_terms: D002478:Cells, Cultured; D016922:Cellular Senescence / Q000187:drug effects*; D005960:Glucosides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism; D020781:Matrix Metalloproteinase 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D010636:Phenols / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012867:Skin / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000528:radiation effects*; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays
chemical_list: D005960:Glucosides; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D010636:Phenols; D020781:Matrix Metalloproteinase 1; C009172:rhodioloside
keywords: cell culture; delivery/vectorization/penetration; salidroside; senescence; skin physiology/structure