title: Transvenous embolization: a report of 4 pediatric cases.
abstract: The treatment of brain arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) in children has always been a challenge for interventionalists, neurosurgeons, and radiosurgeons. Endovascular embolization is usually performed through transarterial access, but in selected cases the transvenous approach can be considered. The authors of this report aimed to evaluate the efficacy of transvenous embolization in very selected pediatric cases. They describe 4 children treated using transvenous embolization for AVMs that were small, had a single drainage vein, and were deeply located or had a difficult arterial access. The 6-month angiographic and clinical follow-ups are reported as well. In all cases, complete occlusion of the AVM was achieved with no side effects for the patient. Transvenous embolization may represent a promising alternative therapeutic option in very selected cases.
authors: Interventional Neuroradiology Unit, Careggi University Hospital; and.
authors: Leonardo
authors: L
authors: Renieri
authors: Nicola
authors: N
authors: Limbucci
authors: Arturo
authors: A
authors: Consoli
authors: Andrea
authors: A
authors: Rosi
authors: Sergio
authors: S
authors: Nappini
authors: Flavio
authors: F
authors: Giordano
authors: Lorenzo
authors: L
authors: Genitori
authors: Salvatore
authors: S
authors: Mangiafico
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002533:Cerebral Angiography; D002550:Cerebral Veins; D002648:Child; D004338:Drug Combinations; D004621:Embolization, Therapeutic / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D002538:Intracranial Arteriovenous Malformations / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D011145:Polyvinyls / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D013635:Tantalum / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D004338:Drug Combinations; C558446:Onyx 18; D011145:Polyvinyls; D013635:Tantalum
keywords: AICA = anterior inferior cerebellar artery; AVM = arteriovenous malformation; DSA = digital subtraction angiography; Onyx; SM = Spetzler-Martin; brain AVM; mRS = modified Rankin Scale; pediatric; transvenous embolization; vascular disorders