title: Hepatopulmonary syndrome and portopulmonary hypertension: recent knowledge in pathogenesis and overview of clinical assessment.
abstract: Hepatopulmonary syndrome and portopulmonary hypertension are cardiopulmonary complications, which are not infrequently seen in patients with liver disease and/or portal hypertension. These entities are both clinically and pathophysiologically different: the hepatopulmonary syndrome is characterized by abnormal pulmonary vasodilation and right-to-left shunting resulting in gas exchange abnormalities, whereas portopulmonary hypertension is caused by pulmonary artery vasoconstriction leading to hemodynamic failure. As both hepatopulmonary syndrome and portopulmonary hypertension are associated with significantly increased morbidity and mortality, and as these patients are commonly asymptomatic, all liver transplantation candidates should be actively screened for the presence of these two complications. The aim of is this review is to provide an overview on the hepatopulmonary syndrome and portopulmonary hypertension with primary focus on diagnosis and recent knowledge regarding pathogenesis and therapeutic targets.
authors: Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.
authors: Sarah
authors: S
authors: Raevens
authors: Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.
authors: Anja
authors: A
authors: Geerts
authors: Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.|Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Maria Middelares Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.
authors: Christophe
authors: C
authors: Van Steenkiste
authors: Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.
authors: Xavier
authors: X
authors: Verhelst
authors: Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.
authors: Hans
authors: H
authors: Van Vlierberghe
authors: Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.|Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Algemeen Stedelijk Ziekenhuis ASZ, Aalst, Belgium.
authors: Isabelle
authors: I
authors: Colle
mesh_terms: D065128:Endothelin Receptor Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006439:Hemodynamics; D020065:Hepatopulmonary Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D006975:Hypertension, Portal / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D006976:Hypertension, Pulmonary / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D016031:Liver Transplantation; D058986:Phosphodiesterase 5 Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011379:Prognosis; D044062:Prostaglandins I / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014664:Vasodilation / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D065128:Endothelin Receptor Antagonists; D058986:Phosphodiesterase 5 Inhibitors; D044062:Prostaglandins I
keywords: hepatopulmonary syndrome; liver disease; portopulmonary hypertension