title: Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum CECT7765 promotes a TLR2-dependent anti-inflammatory response in intestinal lymphocytes from mice with cirrhosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Intestinal homeostasis plays an important role in bacteria-derived complications in cirrhosis. Intestinal lymphocytes are responsible for immune effector functions and can be modulated by certain probiotics. We evaluate the interaction between Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum CECT7765 and intestinal lymphocytes in mice with cirrhosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cirrhosis was induced by intragastrical administration of carbon tetrachloride in Balb/C mice. One week prior to laparotomy, animals received B. pseudocatenulatum CECT7765 (10(7), 10(9) or 10(10) cfu/daily) or placebo. Chemokine receptor and cytokine expression were evaluated in intestinal lymphocytes. Gut permeability was studied by FITC-LPS recovery in vivo. Luminal antigens, inflammation and functional markers were evaluated in liver samples.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum CECT7765 decreased the expression of pro-inflammatory chemokine receptors CCR6, CCR9, CXCR3 and CXCR6 in intestinal lymphocytes from cirrhotic mice in a concentration-dependent manner. The bifidobacterial strain induced a shift towards an anti-inflammatory cytokine profile in this cell subset. B. pseudocatenulatum CECT7765-induced inflammatory modulation was TLR2-mediated, as in vitro TLR2 blockade inhibited the reduction of TNF-alpha and its receptors and the increase of IL-10 and IL-10 receptor secretion. The recovery rate of administered fluorescence-labelled endotoxin was significantly and dose-dependently lowered with the bifidobacterial strain. The reduced intestinal permeability was associated with a decreased burden of bacterial antigens in the liver of mice treated with B. pseudocatenulatum CECT7765. Liver function and inflammation were improved with the use of the bifidobacterial strain at the highest dose tested (10(10) cfu).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum CECT7765 improves gut homeostasis and prevents gut-derived complications in experimental chronic liver disease.
authors: CIBERehd, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.|FISABIO, Hospital General Universitario de Alicante, Alicante, Spain.
authors: Alba
authors: A
authors: Moratalla
authors: CIBERehd, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
authors: Isabel
authors: I
authors: Gómez-Hurtado
authors: Grupo Ecología Microbiana, Nutrición y Salud, IATA-CSIC, Valencia, Spain.
authors: Ángela
authors: Á
authors: Moya-Pérez
authors: CIBERehd, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.|Servicio de Farmacología Clínica, Hospital General Universitario de Alicante, Alicante, Spain.
authors: Pedro
authors: P
authors: Zapater
authors: Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital General Universitario de Alicante, Alicante, Spain.
authors: Gloria
authors: G
authors: Peiró
authors: CIBERehd, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.|FISABIO, Hospital General Universitario de Alicante, Alicante, Spain.
authors: José M
authors: JM
authors: González-Navajas
authors: Grupo Ecología Microbiana, Nutrición y Salud, IATA-CSIC, Valencia, Spain.
authors: Eva Maria
authors: EM
authors: Gómez Del Pulgar
authors: CIBERehd, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.|Departamento de Medicina Clínica, Universidad Miguel Hernández, San Juan, Spain.
authors: José
authors: J
authors: Such
authors: Grupo Ecología Microbiana, Nutrición y Salud, IATA-CSIC, Valencia, Spain.
authors: Yolanda
authors: Y
authors: Sanz
authors: CIBERehd, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain. frances_rub@gva.es.|FISABIO, Hospital General Universitario de Alicante, Alicante, Spain. frances_rub@gva.es.|Departamento de Medicina Clínica, Universidad Miguel Hernández, San Juan, Spain. frances_rub@gva.es.
authors: Rubén
authors: R
authors: Francés
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001644:Bifidobacterium; D002251:Carbon Tetrachloride / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D000069196:Gastrointestinal Microbiome; D006706:Homeostasis; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D007422:Intestines / Q000166:cytology / Q000382:microbiology; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology; D008103:Liver Cirrhosis / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000628:therapy*; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D010539:Permeability; D019936:Probiotics / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D054388:Receptors, CCR / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D054399:Receptors, CCR6 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D054387:Receptors, CXCR / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D054367:Receptors, CXCR3 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000075744:Receptors, CXCR6; D051195:Toll-Like Receptor 2 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C119309:CC chemokine receptor 9; C498126:CCR6 protein, mouse; C515188:Cxcr3 protein, mouse; C482906:Cxcr6 protein, mouse; C556062:IL10 protein, mouse; D054388:Receptors, CCR; D054399:Receptors, CCR6; D054387:Receptors, CXCR; D054367:Receptors, CXCR3; D000075744:Receptors, CXCR6; C493486:Tlr2 protein, mouse; D051195:Toll-Like Receptor 2; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D016753:Interleukin-10; D002251:Carbon Tetrachloride
keywords: B. pseudocatenulatum CECT7765; Cirrhosis; Endotoxin; Inflammation; Intestinal lymphocytes; Toll-like receptor 2
references: PLoS Pathog. 2012;8(5):e1002714
references: 22693446
references: Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2009 May;296(5):G1140-9
references: 19221015
references: Clin Vaccine Immunol. 2011 Apr;18(4):621-8
references: 21288993
references: Cell Host Microbe. 2013 Jun 12;13(6):711-22
references: 23768495
references: Dig Dis Sci. 2007 Nov;52(11):2963-71
references: 17404865
references: Hepatology. 2002 Jul;36(1):135-41
references: 12085357
references: J Med. 1992;23(3-4):217-44
references: 1479301
references: Blood. 2006 May 1;107(9):3447-54
references: 16391017
references: Immunology. 2005 Aug;115(4):565-74
references: 16011525
references: Gastroenterology. 2012 Nov;143(5):1330-40.e1
references: 22841787
references: Nature. 2008 May 29;453(7195):620-5
references: 18509436
references: Hepatology. 2006 Sep;44(3):633-9
references: 16941689
references: J Hepatol. 2008 Jun;48(6):945-51
references: 18433921
references: Nutrition. 2011 Feb;27(2):177-81
references: 20452184
references: Infect Immun. 1995 Oct;63(10):3827-34
references: 7558287
references: Liver Int. 2015 Mar;35(3):735-45
references: 24750552
references: J Nutr. 2011 Jun;141(6):1023-8
references: 21490291
references: J Immunol. 2003 Nov 15;171(10):4984-9
references: 14607893
references: Liver Int. 2014 Jul;34(6):850-8
references: 24267920
references: Hepatology. 2014 Feb;59(2):630-42
references: 23959575
references: World J Gastroenterol. 2006 Oct 7;12(37):5978-86
references: 17009396
references: J Immunol. 2004 Apr 15;172(8):4733-43
references: 15067049
references: Hepatology. 2005 Mar;41(3):422-33
references: 15723320
references: Nat Rev Immunol. 2006 Sep;6(9):682-92
references: 16932753
references: J Am Coll Nutr. 2012 Feb;31(1):14-23
references: 22661622
references: Nutrition. 2009 Mar;25(3):350-8
references: 19036564
references: World J Gastroenterol. 2012 Aug 14;18(30):3977-91
references: 22912548
references: Hepatology. 2013 Jul;58(1):337-50
references: 23460364
references: Hepatology. 2009 Mar;49(3):989-97
references: 19115316
references: Clin Exp Immunol. 2007 Dec;150(3):531-8
references: 17956582
references: Hepatology. 2003 Feb;37(2):343-50
references: 12540784
references: J Immunol. 2004 Mar 1;172(5):2739-43
references: 14978071
references: Hepatology. 2008 Mar;47(3):978-85
references: 18306221
references: Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2009 Nov;297(5):G940-9
references: 20501441
references: Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2002 Jun;282(6):G937-47
references: 12016118
references: Front Immunol. 2014 Feb 18;5:60
references: 24600450
references: Hepatology. 2011 Jan;53(1):96-105
references: 21254165
references: PLoS One. 2011;6(7):e23037
references: 21829583
references: Int J Food Microbiol. 2009 Jul 31;133(1-2):86-93
references: 19523707