title: Individual sensitivity to spectral and temporal cues in listeners with hearing impairment.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The present study was designed to evaluate use of spectral and temporal cues under conditions in which both types of cues were available.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants included adults with normal hearing and hearing loss. We focused on 3 categories of speech cues: static spectral (spectral shape), dynamic spectral (formant change), and temporal (amplitude envelope). Spectral and/or temporal dimensions of synthetic speech were systematically manipulated along a continuum, and recognition was measured using the manipulated stimuli. Level was controlled to ensure cue audibility. Discriminant function analysis was used to determine to what degree spectral and temporal information contributed to the identification of each stimulus.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Listeners with normal hearing were influenced to a greater extent by spectral cues for all stimuli. Listeners with hearing impairment generally utilized spectral cues when the information was static (spectral shape) but used temporal cues when the information was dynamic (formant transition). The relative use of spectral and temporal dimensions varied among individuals, especially among listeners with hearing loss.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Information about spectral and temporal cue use may aid in identifying listeners who rely to a greater extent on particular acoustic cues and applying that information toward therapeutic interventions.
authors: Pamela E
authors: PE
authors: Souza
authors: Richard A
authors: RA
authors: Wright
authors: Michael C
authors: MC
authors: Blackburn
authors: Rachael
authors: R
authors: Tatman
authors: Frederick J
authors: FJ
authors: Gallun
mesh_terms: D000161:Acoustic Stimulation / Q000379:methods*; D000328:Adult; D001309:Auditory Threshold; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003463:Cues; D005260:Female; D034381:Hearing Loss / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D007206:Individuality; D008297:Male; D021641:Recognition, Psychology; D013067:Speech Perception; D055815:Young Adult
references: J Am Acad Audiol. 2013 Apr;24(4):293-306
references: 23636210
references: Ear Hear. 2008 Oct;29(5):725-45
references: 18596642
references: J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2000 Oct;43(5):1174-84
references: 11063239
references: Percept Psychophys. 2000 Nov;62(8):1668-80
references: 11140187
references: Ear Hear. 2001 Apr;22(2):112-9
references: 11324840
references: J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2001 Oct;44(5):964-74
references: 11708536
references: J Acoust Soc Am. 2002 Jul;112(1):238-46
references: 12141349
references: J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2003 Jun;46(3):636-48
references: 14696991
references: J Acoust Soc Am. 1971 Feb;49(2):Suppl 2:467+
references: 5541744
references: J Speech Hear Res. 1975 Dec;18(4):613-22
references: 1207094
references: J Acoust Soc Am. 1983 Mar;73(3):976-84
references: 6841824
references: J Speech Hear Res. 1985 Jun;28(2):197-206
references: 4010249
references: J Acoust Soc Am. 1986 Apr;79(4):1020-33
references: 3700857
references: J Acoust Soc Am. 1986 Oct;80(4):1026-9
references: 3771922
references: J Acoust Soc Am. 1988 Apr;83(4):1608-14
references: 3372871
references: J Speech Hear Res. 1988 Sep;31(3):362-76
references: 3172753
references: J Acoust Soc Am. 1989 Jan;85(1):347-54
references: 2921417
references: J Speech Hear Res. 1989 Mar;32(1):49-58
references: 2704201
references: J Speech Hear Res. 1990 Sep;33(3):440-9
references: 2232762
references: Br J Audiol. 1990 Dec;24(6):381-92
references: 2279196
references: J Acoust Soc Am. 1992 May;91(5):2979-3000
references: 1629490
references: Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 1992 Jun 29;336(1278):367-73
references: 1354376
references: J Acoust Soc Am. 1995 Apr;97(4):2568-76
references: 7714274
references: J Acoust Soc Am. 1995 Sep;98(3):1388-99
references: 7560508
references: J Acoust Soc Am. 1996 Sep;100(3):1796-806
references: 8817905
references: J Acoust Soc Am. 1997 May;101(5 Pt 1):2822-5
references: 9165736
references: J Acoust Soc Am. 1997 Jun;101(6):3241-54
references: 9193041
references: J Speech Lang Hear Res. 1997 Aug;40(4):925-38
references: 9263955
references: J Acoust Soc Am. 1997 Oct;102(4):2297-310
references: 9348688
references: Am J Epidemiol. 1998 Nov 1;148(9):879-86
references: 9801018
references: Ear Hear. 2005 Apr;26(2):120-31
references: 15809540
references: J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2005 Jun;48(3):651-67
references: 16197279
references: J Acoust Soc Am. 2006 Aug;120(2):915-25
references: 16938979
references: Hear Res. 2007 Jan;223(1-2):114-21
references: 17157462
references: J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2008 Oct;51(5):1315-27
references: 18664702
references: Trends Amplif. 2009 Mar;13(1):4-43
references: 19074452
references: J Acoust Soc Am. 2012 Apr;131(4):3051-68
references: 22501079
references: J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2012 Jun;55(3):824-37
references: 22232401
references: J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2013 Apr;56(2):427-40
references: 22992704
references: Neurosci Lett. 2013 Jun 7;544:56-61
references: 23570734
references: Am J Audiol. 2013 Dec;22(2):216-25
references: 23824436
references: J Am Acad Audiol. 2014 Jun;25(6):592-604
references: 25313549
references: Ear Hear. 2009 Oct;30(5):494-504
references: 19633563
references: Hear Res. 2010 Jun 1;264(1-2):63-9
references: 20303402
references: Neuropsychologia. 2010 Aug;48(10):3057-61
references: 20600193
references: J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2011 Aug;54(4):1211-23
references: 21297168
references: J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2012 Apr;55(2):474-86
references: 22207696
references: J Am Acad Audiol. 2007 Jan;18(1):54-65
references: 17252958
references: Hum Factors. 2007 Feb;49(1):25-31
references: 17315840
references: J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2007 Apr;50(2):254-69
references: 17463228
references: J Am Acad Audiol. 2007 Jul-Aug;18(7):590-603
references: 18236646
references: J Acoust Soc Am. 2008 Apr;123(4):2367-78
references: 18397039
references: J Am Acad Audiol. 2013 Apr;24(4):307-28
references: 23636211
references: J Phon. 2003 Jul-Oct;31(3-4):305-320
references: 29093608