title: Fetal programming of chronic kidney disease: the role of maternal smoking, mitochondrial dysfunction, and epigenetic modfification.
abstract: The role of an adverse in utero environment in the programming of chronic kidney disease in the adult offspring is increasingly recognized. The cellular and molecular mechanisms linking the in utero environment and future disease susceptibility remain unknown. Maternal smoking is a common modifiable adverse in utero exposure, potentially associated with both mitochondrial dysfunction and epigenetic modification in the offspring. While studies are emerging that point toward a key role of mitochondrial dysfunction in acute and chronic kidney disease, it may have its origin in early development, becoming clinically apparent when secondary insults occur. Aberrant epigenetic programming may add an additional layer of complexity to orchestrate fibrogenesis in the kidney and susceptibility to chronic kidney disease in later life. In this review, we explore the evidence for mitochondrial dysfunction and epigenetic modification through aberrant DNA methylation as key mechanistic aspects of fetal programming of chronic kidney disease and discuss their potential use in diagnostics and targets for therapy.
authors: Kolling Institute, Department of Medicine, Royal North Shore Hospital and University of Sydney, St. Leonards, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; and.
authors: Stephanie
authors: S
authors: Stangenberg
authors: School of Medical and Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Science, Centre for Health Technology, University of Technology, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
authors: Hui
authors: H
authors: Chen
authors: Kolling Institute, Department of Medicine, Royal North Shore Hospital and University of Sydney, St. Leonards, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; and.
authors: Muh Geot
authors: MG
authors: Wong
authors: Kolling Institute, Department of Medicine, Royal North Shore Hospital and University of Sydney, St. Leonards, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; and.
authors: Carol A
authors: CA
authors: Pollock
authors: Kolling Institute, Department of Medicine, Royal North Shore Hospital and University of Sydney, St. Leonards, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; and sonia.saad@sydney.edu.au.
authors: Sonia
authors: S
authors: Saad
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D044127:Epigenesis, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*; D057890:Epigenomics; D047109:Fetal Development / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000235:genetics*; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000196:embryology / Q000235:genetics*; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000235:genetics*
keywords: chronic kidney disease; maternal programming; mitochondrial dysfunction