title: Low-density-lipoprotein particle size predicts a poor outcome in patients with atherothrombotic stroke.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particle size is considered to be one of the more important cardiovascular risk factors, and small LDL particles are known to have atherogenic potential. The aim of this study was to determine whether LDL particle size is associated with stroke severity and functional outcome in patients with atherothrombotic stroke.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between January 2009 and May 2011, 248 patients with first-episode cerebral infarction who were admitted to our hospital within 7 days after symptom onset were prospectively enrolled. LDL particle size was measured using the nondenaturing polyacrylamide gradient gel electrophoresis assay. Stroke severity was assessed by applying the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) at admission. Functional outcome was investigated at 3 months after the index stroke using the modified Rankin Scale (mRS), and poor functional outcome was defined as an mRS score of ≥3.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The LDL particle size in the 248 patients was 25.9±0.9 nm (mean±SD). LDL particle size was inversely correlated with the degree of cerebral artery stenosis (p=0.010). Multinomial multivariate logistic analysis revealed that after adjustment for age, sex, and variables with p<0.1 in univariate analysis, LDL particle size was independently and inversely associated with stroke severity (NIHSS score ≥5; reference, NIHSS score 0-2; odds ratio=0.38, p=0.028) and poor functional outcome (odds ratio=0.44, p=0.038).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this study demonstrate that small LDL particles are independently correlated with stroke outcomes. LDL particle size is thus a potential biomarker for the prognosis of atherothrombotic stroke.
authors: Department of Neurology, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. ; Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors: Tae-Jin
authors: TJ
authors: Song
authors: Department of Neurology, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Incheon, Korea.
authors: Hyun-Ji
authors: HJ
authors: Cho
authors: Department of Neurology, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors: Yoonkyung
authors: Y
authors: Chang
authors: Department of Neurology, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors: Minjung
authors: M
authors: Youn
authors: Department of Food and Nutrition and Institute of Health Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, Korea.
authors: Min-Jeong
authors: MJ
authors: Shin
authors: Department of Molecular Medicine, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors: Inho
authors: I
authors: Jo
authors: Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors: Ji Hoe
authors: JH
authors: Heo
authors: Department of Neurology, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors: Yong-Jae
authors: YJ
authors: Kim
keywords: atherosclerosis; lipoprotein; low-density-lipoprotein particle size; stroke outcome; stroke severity
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