title: Reading in the brain of children and adults: a meta-analysis of 40 functional magnetic resonance imaging studies.
abstract: We used quantitative, coordinate-based meta-analysis to objectively synthesize age-related commonalities and differences in brain activation patterns reported in 40 functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies of reading in children and adults. Twenty fMRI studies with adults (age means: 23-34 years) were matched to 20 studies with children (age means: 7-12 years). The separate meta-analyses of these two sets showed a pattern of reading-related brain activation common to children and adults in left ventral occipito-temporal (OT), inferior frontal, and posterior parietal regions. The direct statistical comparison between the two meta-analytic maps of children and adults revealed higher convergence in studies with children in left superior temporal and bilateral supplementary motor regions. In contrast, higher convergence in studies with adults was identified in bilateral posterior OT/cerebellar and left dorsal precentral regions. The results are discussed in relation to current neuroanatomical models of reading and tentative functional interpretations of reading-related activation clusters in children and adults are provided.
authors: Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunnerstr. 34, 5020, Salzburg, Austria; Neuroscience Institute, Christian Doppler Clinic, Paracelsus Medical University, Ignaz-Harrer-Str. 79, 5020, Salzburg, Austria.
authors: Anna
authors: A
authors: Martin
authors: Matthias
authors: M
authors: Schurz
authors: Martin
authors: M
authors: Kronbichler
authors: Fabio
authors: F
authors: Richlan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001921:Brain / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000502:physiology*; D001931:Brain Mapping; D002648:Child; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D011932:Reading; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: adult; brain mapping; child; development; functional magnetic resonance imaging; meta-analysis; neuroimaging; reading
references: Neuroimage. 2010 Oct 15;53(1):303-17
references: 20600998
references: Nat Neurosci. 2000 Jan;3(1):91-6
references: 10607401
references: Brain Lang. 2006 Dec;99(3):226-35
references: 16098571
references: Neuroimage. 2002 Jul;16(3 Pt 1):765-80
references: 12169260
references: J Cogn Neurosci. 2011 Dec;23(12):4022-37
references: 21671731
references: Neurology. 2003 Jan 14;60(1):94-100
references: 12525725
references: Trends Cogn Sci. 2011 Jun;15(6):246-53
references: 21549634
references: Neuroimage. 2010 Nov 1;53(2):682-93
references: 20600985
references: Ann Neurol. 2007 Apr;61(4):363-70
references: 17444510
references: J Cogn Neurosci. 2002 Jan 1;14(1):104-15
references: 11798391
references: Biol Psychiatry. 2002 Jul 15;52(2):101-10
references: 12114001
references: Hum Brain Mapp. 2009 Mar;30(3):797-809
references: 18330872
references: J Cogn Neurosci. 2004 Sep;16(7):1234-49
references: 15453976
references: Psychol Bull. 2013 Jul;139(4):766-91
references: 23046391
references: Brain. 2000 May;123 ( Pt 5):954-67
references: 10775540
references: Neuroimage. 2005 Jun;26(2):426-31
references: 15907300
references: Neuron. 2009 Apr 30;62(2):199-204
references: 19409265
references: Dev Sci. 2006 Nov;9(6):642-54
references: 17059461
references: Hum Brain Mapp. 2005 May;25(1):92-104
references: 15846818
references: J Neural Transm Suppl. 2005;(69):19-36
references: 16355601
references: Neuroimage. 2010 Feb 1;49(3):2649-61
references: 19896538
references: J Neurosci. 2006 Oct 18;26(42):10700-8
references: 17050709
references: Hum Brain Mapp. 2015 Apr;36(4):1536-53
references: 25504986
references: J Cogn Neurosci. 2000 Mar;12(2):281-97
references: 10771412
references: AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 1999 Nov-Dec;20(10):1925-30
references: 10588120
references: Neuroimage. 2009 Oct 1;47(4):1940-9
references: 19446640
references: Nat Neurosci. 2003 Jul;6(7):767-73
references: 12754516
references: Cereb Cortex. 2008 Sep;18(9):2054-65
references: 18245043
references: Brain. 2000 Feb;123 ( Pt 2):291-307
references: 10648437
references: Neuroimage. 2006 Nov 15;33(3):991-8
references: 16978881
references: Trends Cogn Sci. 2004 Oct;8(10):457-64
references: 15450510
references: Trends Cogn Sci. 2011 Jun;15(6):254-62
references: 21592844
references: Brain Lang. 2013 May;125(2):231-43
references: 23506969
references: Brain Res. 2007 Feb 16;1133(1):136-44
references: 17189619
references: Neuropsychologia. 2006;44(10):1822-32
references: 16620890
references: Cereb Cortex. 2005 Mar;15(3):275-90
references: 15297366
references: Neuroimage. 2005 Apr 15;25(3):1002-15
references: 15809000
references: Neuroimage. 2002 Aug;16(4):977-84
references: 12202085
references: Neuroimage. 2002 May;16(1):7-22
references: 11969313
references: Neuroimage. 2005 Jan 15;24(2):323-31
references: 15627575
references: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1998 Feb 3;95(3):914-21
references: 9448259
references: Neuroimage. 2001 Apr;13(4):577-88
references: 11305887
references: Ment Retard Dev Disabil Res Rev. 2000;6(3):207-13
references: 10982498
references: Neuroimage. 2003 Oct;20(2):693-712
references: 14568445
references: Cereb Cortex. 2008 Aug;18(8):1923-32
references: 18245044
references: Hum Brain Mapp. 2003 Mar;18(3):201-7
references: 12599278
references: Neuroimage. 2007 Nov 15;38(3):564-75
references: 17884585
references: Hum Brain Mapp. 2009 Jun;30(6):1833-44
references: 19288464
references: Trends Cogn Sci. 2005 Jul;9(7):335-41
references: 15951224
references: Neurology. 2001 Jul 10;57(1):47-54
references: 11445627
references: J Neurosci. 2005 Jun 1;25(22):5397-403
references: 15930389
references: Neuron. 2013 Aug 21;79(4):798-813
references: 23972601
references: Brain Lang. 2013 May;125(2):194-202
references: 22230039
references: Hum Brain Mapp. 2014 Feb;35(2):593-615
references: 23125108
references: Dev Sci. 2010 Nov;13(6):876-85
references: 20977558
references: Science. 2002 May 24;296(5572):1476-9
references: 12029136
references: Cortex. 2011 Jan;47(1):117-27
references: 19818437
references: Science. 2013 Dec 6;342(6163):1251-4
references: 24311693
references: J Cogn Neurosci. 2000;12 Suppl 2:145-56
references: 11506654
references: J Cogn Neurosci. 2007 Oct;19(10):1584-94
references: 17933023
references: Hum Brain Mapp. 2000 May;10(1):16-27
references: 10843515
references: Neuroimage. 2008 May 15;41(1):153-68
references: 18378166
references: Neuron. 2004 Jul 22;43(2):271-82
references: 15260962
references: Eur Psychiatry. 2012 Nov;27(8):605-11
references: 21658917
references: Front Hum Neurosci. 2009 Nov 20;3:27
references: 19949458
references: Neuroimage. 2004 Mar;21(3):946-53
references: 15006661
references: Neuroimage. 2001 Oct;14(4):837-43
references: 11554802
references: Br J Psychiatry. 2009 Nov;195(5):393-402
references: 19880927
references: Neuron. 2007 Jul 5;55(1):143-56
references: 17610823
references: Neuroimage. 2006 May 1;30(4):1414-32
references: 16413796
references: Child Neuropsychol. 2001 Sep;7(3):119-41
references: 12187470
references: Dev Sci. 2007 Jul;10(4):441-51
references: 17552934
references: Hum Brain Mapp. 1999;7(1):15-28
references: 9882087
references: Neuron. 2008 May 8;58(3):306-24
references: 18466742
references: Hum Brain Mapp. 2009 Oct;30(10):3299-308
references: 19288465
references: Hum Brain Mapp. 2007 Nov;28(11):1194-205
references: 17266101
references: Brain Lang. 2008 Nov;107(2):91-101
references: 18226833
references: Ment Retard Dev Disabil Res Rev. 2003;9(3):196-204
references: 12953299
references: Nat Rev Neurosci. 2007 May;8(5):393-402
references: 17431404
references: Front Hum Neurosci. 2012 May 01;6:120
references: 22557962
references: Behav Neurosci. 2007 Jun;121(3):602-13
references: 17592952
references: Nat Neurosci. 2001 Jul;4(7):752-8
references: 11426233
references: J Cogn Neurosci. 2001 Jul 1;13(5):687-97
references: 11506664
references: Trends Cogn Sci. 2011 Nov;15(11):527-36
references: 22001867
references: Brain. 2002 May;125(Pt 5):1054-69
references: 11960895
references: Brain. 2007 Dec;130(Pt 12):3200-10
references: 17728359
references: Brain Res Cogn Brain Res. 2004 Aug;20(3):395-402
references: 15268917
references: Front Hum Neurosci. 2013 Aug 29;7:491
references: 24009569
references: Cereb Cortex. 2009 Feb;19(2):402-13
references: 18515796
references: J Neurosci. 2011 Jun 8;31(23):8617-24
references: 21653865
references: Neuroimage. 2011 Aug 1;57(3):714-22
references: 21040695
references: Neuroimage. 2009 Jan 15;44(2):489-501
references: 18835452
references: Neuropsychologia. 2008 Aug;46(10):2580-92
references: 18495180
references: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2012 Feb 7;109(6):2156-61
references: 22308323
references: Neuropsychologia. 2009 Oct;47(12):2544-57
references: 19433099
references: Hum Brain Mapp. 2013 Nov;34(11):3055-65
references: 22711189
references: Neuroreport. 2001 Feb 12;12(2):299-307
references: 11209939
references: Hum Brain Mapp. 2014 Apr;35(4):1668-80
references: 23670980
references: Neuroimage. 2003 Jul;19(3):473-81
references: 12880781
references: Trends Cogn Sci. 2008 Mar;12(3):99-105
references: 18262825
references: J Child Neurol. 2002 Dec;17(12):867-71
references: 12593457
references: Brain Lang. 2001 Dec;79(3):580-600
references: 11781058
references: Cereb Cortex. 2015 Oct;25(10):3502-14
references: 25169986
references: Brain. 2010 Mar;133(Pt 3):868-79
references: 20061325
references: Hum Brain Mapp. 2007 Sep;28(9):880-91
references: 17133384
references: Neuroimage. 2005 Jul 1;26(3):647-61
references: 15955475
references: J Cogn Neurosci. 2009 Feb;21(2):222-9
references: 18476755
references: Cerebellum. 2013 Apr;12(2):267-76
references: 22851215
references: Brain Res Cogn Brain Res. 2001 Jun;11(3):325-40
references: 11339984
references: Cereb Cortex. 2003 Dec;13(12):1313-33
references: 14615297
references: Curr Biol. 2009 Mar 24;19(6):503-8
references: 19285401
references: Hum Brain Mapp. 2008 May;29(5):581-93
references: 17557297
references: Ann Dyslexia. 2010 Jun;60(1):102-21
references: 20049657
references: Neuroimage. 2004 May;22(1):477-9
references: 15110041
references: Hum Brain Mapp. 1999;7(4):225-33
references: 10408766
references: Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2010 Jul;67(7):701-11
references: 20603451
references: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2007 Jun 26;104(26):11073-8
references: 17576922
references: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2010 Apr 27;107(17):7939-44
references: 20395549
references: Cerebellum. 2012 Jun;11(2):352-65
references: 21373864
references: Neuroimage. 2011 Jun 1;56(3):1735-42
references: 21338695
references: Front Psychiatry. 2014 Feb 10;5:13
references: 24575054
references: Front Hum Neurosci. 2014 May 20;8:347
references: 24904383
references: Cereb Cortex. 2014 Oct;24(10):2647-56
references: 23645718
references: Neuroimage. 2004 May;22(1):466-76
references: 15110040
references: Neuroreport. 2002 Mar 4;13(3):321-5
references: 11930131
references: Cortex. 2010 Nov-Dec;46(10):1284-98
references: 20650450
references: J Neural Transm (Vienna). 2004 Jul;111(7):951-69
references: 15206009
references: PLoS One. 2010 Aug 11;5(8):e12073
references: 20711448
references: Neuroimage. 2012 Jan 16;59(2):1560-70
references: 21907811
references: Neuroimage. 2012 Aug 15;62(2):816-47
references: 22584224
references: Neuroimage. 2006 Nov 1;33(2):739-48
references: 16956773
references: J Cogn Neurosci. 2005 Jun;17(6):905-17
references: 16021798
references: Psychol Sci. 2000 May;11(3):255-60
references: 11273413
references: J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2006 Oct;47(10):1041-50
references: 17073983