title: Management of aphonic patients following total laryngectomy and trachea esophageal puncture.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Trachea esophageal puncture (TEP) is performed following total laryngectomy to allow speech and communication. The most common reason for long-term speech failure in this population is hypertonicity of the constrictor muscle.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To present our experience with the treatment of aphonic patients after total laryngectomy and TEP and suggest a protocol for treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Of 50 patients who underwent total laryngectomy and TEP, 6 suffered from aphonia after surgery. All patients underwent radiotherapy with or without chemotherapy. Delay in speech continued for more than 6 months after surgery. The patients received percutaneous lidocaine injection to the neopharynx in different locations around the stoma in order to map the hypertonic segments in the neopharynx.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Lidocaine injection immediately enabled free speech in five patients. One patient (patient 6) suffered from aphonia and from severe dysphagia and required a feeding tube. This patient succeeded to pronounce abbreviations after lidocaine injection. Another (patient 4) gained permanent ability to speak following a single lidocaine injection; this patient was not injected with botolinium toxin (BTX). For the other five, lidocaine had a transient effect on speech. These patients received BTX percutaneous injections. After BTX injections four regained free speech within 14 days. The fifth patient (patient 6) gained a conversational voice and his swallowing improved only after additional intensive speech therapy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Percutaneous lidocaine and BTX injections represent first-line treatment in this population, with good success and minimal complications.
authors: Limor
authors: L
authors: Benyamini
authors: Ziv
authors: Z
authors: Gil
authors: Jacob T
authors: JT
authors: Cohen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage; D001044:Aphonia / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004947:Esophagus / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007267:Injections; D007822:Laryngeal Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D007825:Laryngectomy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods / Q000534:rehabilitation; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D009465:Neuromuscular Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D013070:Speech Therapy / Q000379:methods; D013071:Speech, Alaryngeal / Q000379:methods*; D014132:Trachea / Q000187:drug effects; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D009465:Neuromuscular Agents; D008012:Lidocaine; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A