title: Left dorsal speech stream components and their contribution to phonological processing.
abstract: Models propose an auditory-motor mapping via a left-hemispheric dorsal speech-processing stream, yet its detailed contributions to speech perception and production are unclear. Using fMRI-navigated repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), we virtually lesioned left dorsal stream components in healthy human subjects and probed the consequences on speech-related facilitation of articulatory motor cortex (M1) excitability, as indexed by increases in motor-evoked potential (MEP) amplitude of a lip muscle, and on speech processing performance in phonological tests. Speech-related MEP facilitation was disrupted by rTMS of the posterior superior temporal sulcus (pSTS), the sylvian parieto-temporal region (SPT), and by double-knock-out but not individual lesioning of pars opercularis of the inferior frontal gyrus (pIFG) and the dorsal premotor cortex (dPMC), and not by rTMS of the ventral speech-processing stream or an occipital control site. RTMS of the dorsal stream but not of the ventral stream or the occipital control site caused deficits specifically in the processing of fast transients of the acoustic speech signal. Performance of syllable and pseudoword repetition correlated with speech-related MEP facilitation, and this relation was abolished with rTMS of pSTS, SPT, and pIFG. Findings provide direct evidence that auditory-motor mapping in the left dorsal stream causes reliable and specific speech-related MEP facilitation in left articulatory M1. The left dorsal stream targets the articulatory M1 through pSTS and SPT constituting essential posterior input regions and parallel via frontal pathways through pIFG and dPMC. Finally, engagement of the left dorsal stream is necessary for processing of fast transients in the auditory signal.
authors: Department of Neurology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, D-60528, Germany, Department of Neurology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan, and.
authors: Takenobu
authors: T
authors: Murakami
authors: Department of Neurology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, D-60528, Germany.
authors: Christian A
authors: CA
authors: Kell
authors: Department of Neurology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, D-60528, Germany.
authors: Julia
authors: J
authors: Restle
authors: Department of Neurology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan, and.
authors: Yoshikazu
authors: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8016-152X
authors: Y
authors: Ugawa
authors: Department of Neurology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, D-60528, Germany, Department of Neurology & Stroke, and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Eberhard-Karls-University, Tübingen, D-72076, Germany ulf.ziemann@uni-tuebingen.de.
authors: Ulf
authors: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8372-3615
authors: U
authors: Ziemann
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001306:Auditory Pathways / Q000098:blood supply / Q000502:physiology*; D001931:Brain Mapping; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000098:blood supply / Q000502:physiology*; D019054:Evoked Potentials, Motor / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D007839:Functional Laterality; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008046:Lip / Q000294:innervation; D008297:Male; D008959:Models, Neurological; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood; D010700:Phonetics; D010775:Photic Stimulation; D011930:Reaction Time; D013060:Speech / Q000502:physiology*; D013067:Speech Perception; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D010100:Oxygen
keywords: articulatory motor cortex; dorsal auditory stream; motor-evoked potential; phonological processing; repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation; transient virtual lesion
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