title: Superficial siderosis of the central nervous system induced by a single-episode of traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage: a study using MRI-enhanced gradient echo T2 star-weighted angiography.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to examine whether a single episode of traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage (tSAH) could cause superficial siderosis of the central nervous system (SS-CNS).This study was approved by the local ethics committee. Thirty-two patients with a history of a single episode of tSAH were enrolled in the study. An episode of tSAH was confirmed in patients based on a CT scan or a lumbar puncture, and a follow-up examination was conducted at least six weeks after the brain trauma. A follow-up MRI examination was performed, using enhanced gradient echo T2 star-weighted angiography (ESWAN) to detect hemosiderin deposition on the cortical surface. The extent to which hemosiderin deposition was associated with several clinical factors was investigated. Various degrees of hemosiderin deposition were detected in 31 of 32 (96.9%) single-episode tSAH patients. Analysis of contingency tables revealed an association between the regions of subarachnoid bleeding based on CT images and the regions of hemosiderin deposition based on ESWAN images (χ2 = 17.73, P<0.05). SS-CNS was determined to be a common consequence after a single episode of tSAH. The extent of hemosiderin deposition is closely correlated with the initial bleeding sites and bleeding volume.
authors: Department of Radiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China; Department of Radiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
authors: Hongwei
authors: H
authors: Zhao
authors: Department of Neurology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
authors: Jin
authors: J
authors: Wang
authors: Department of Radiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China.
authors: Zhonglie
authors: Z
authors: Lu
authors: Department of Radiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China.
authors: Qingjie
authors: Q
authors: Wu
authors: Department of Radiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China.
authors: Haijuan
authors: H
authors: Lv
authors: Department of Radiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China.
authors: Hu
authors: H
authors: Liu
authors: Department of Radiology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China.
authors: Xiangyang
authors: X
authors: Gong
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002493:Central Nervous System Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology*; D002648:Child; D015331:Cohort Studies; D006486:Hemosiderosis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D018810:Magnetic Resonance Angiography; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020206:Subarachnoid Hemorrhage, Traumatic / Q000150:complications*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D055815:Young Adult
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