title: Molecular characterization of two isoforms of a farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase gene in wheat and their roles in sesquiterpene synthesis and inducible defence against aphid infestation.
abstract: Aphids are important pests of wheat (Triticum aestivum) that affect crop production globally. Herbivore-induced emission of sesquiterpenes can repel pests, and farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase (FPS) is a key enzyme involved in sesquiterpene biosynthesis. However, fps orthologues in wheat and their functional roles in sesquiterpene synthesis and defence against aphid infestation are unknown. Here, two fps isoforms, Tafps1 and Tafps2, were identified in wheat. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and in vitro catalytic activity analyses were conducted to investigate expression patterns and activity. Heterologous expression of these isoforms in Arabidopsis thaliana, virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) in wheat and aphid behavioural assays were performed to understand the functional roles of these two isoforms. We demonstrated that Tafps1 and Tafps2 played different roles in induced responses to aphid infestation and in sesquiterpene synthesis. Heterologous expression in A. thaliana resulted in repulsion of the peach aphid (Myzus persicae). Wheat plants with these two isoforms transiently silenced were significantly attractive to grain aphid (Sitobion avenae). Our results provide new insights into induced defence against aphid herbivory in wheat, in particular, the different roles of the two Tafps isoforms in both sesquiterpene biosynthesis and defence against aphid infestation.
authors: The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing, 100081, China.|Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)/Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biology and Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, 11 Keyuanjing 4 Road, Laoshan District, Qingdao, 266101, China.
authors: Yan
authors: Y
authors: Zhang
authors: The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing, 100081, China.
authors: Zhi-Xia
authors: ZX
authors: Li
authors: The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing, 100081, China.
authors: Xiu-Dao
authors: XD
authors: Yu
authors: Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, 100193, China.
authors: Jia
authors: J
authors: Fan
authors: Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, AL5 2JQ, UK.
authors: John A
authors: JA
authors: Pickett
authors: Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, AL5 2JQ, UK.
authors: Huw D
authors: HD
authors: Jones
authors: Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, AL5 2JQ, UK.
authors: Jing-Jiang
authors: JJ
authors: Zhou
authors: Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, AL5 2JQ, UK.
authors: Michael A
authors: MA
authors: Birkett
authors: Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, AL5 2JQ, UK.
authors: John
authors: J
authors: Caulfield
authors: Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, AL5 2JQ, UK.
authors: Johnathan A
authors: JA
authors: Napier
authors: The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing, 100081, China.
authors: Guang-Yao
authors: GY
authors: Zhao
authors: Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing, 100081, China.
authors: Xian-Guo
authors: XG
authors: Cheng
authors: Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)/Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biology and Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, 11 Keyuanjing 4 Road, Laoshan District, Qingdao, 266101, China.
authors: Yi
authors: Y
authors: Shi
authors: Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, AL5 2JQ, UK.
authors: Toby J A
authors: TJA
authors: Bruce
authors: The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing, 100081, China.
authors: Lan-Qin
authors: LQ
authors: Xia
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001042:Aphids / Q000502:physiology*; D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020868:Gene Silencing; D051228:Geranyltranstransferase / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics; D060434:Herbivory; D006790:Host-Parasite Interactions / Q000235:genetics; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified / Q000378:metabolism; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D020539:Sequence Analysis, Protein; D012717:Sesquiterpenes / Q000378:metabolism*; D014908:Triticum / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D007527:Isoenzymes; D012717:Sesquiterpenes; D051228:Geranyltranstransferase
keywords: aphid; farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase gene (fps); grain aphid (Sitobion avenae); inducible defence; peach aphid (Myzus persicae); sesquiterpenes; virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS); wheat (Triticum aestivum)
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