title: Serum pneumoproteins in tunnel construction workers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim was to study inflammatory biomarkers in tunnel construction workers (TCW).
  
  
  METHODS
  Surfactant protein D (SP-D), Clara cell protein 16 (CC-16) and C-reactive protein (CRP) were studied in serum of 90 TCW and 50 referents before and at the end of an 11-day work period. Personal air sampling was carried out on the two consecutive days before follow-up.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The TCW's geometric mean exposure to particulate matter and α-quartz were 604 and 74 µg/m(3), respectively. The arithmetic mean concentration of elemental carbon was 51 µg/m(3). The arithmetic mean concentration of SP-D was reduced by 7.6 µg/L in the TCWs and 0.6 µg/L in the referents (p = 0.04) at the end as compared to before the work period. Subjects who had ever been TCW had lower arithmetic mean CC-16 concentrations at baseline (5.4 µg/L) than subjects who had never worked as TCW (6.4 µg/L). Years worked as TCW was significantly associated with an annual mean decline of the CC-16 concentration of 0.04 µg/L. The concentrations of the biomarker of systemic inflammation, CRP, were not affected by exposure in the TCWs. Current smoking and body mass index have a large impact on the measured biomarker concentrations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results suggest that former and current TCWs have lower serum CC-16 concentrations than referents, while the concentrations of SP-D decreased during exposure. The serum biomarker of systemic inflammation, CRP, was not altered during exposure. Current smoking and BMI were related to the concentrations of all measured biomarkers.
authors: National Institute of Occupational Health, P.O. Box 8149 Dep, 0033, Oslo, Norway. dag.ellingsen@stami.no.
authors: Dag G
authors: DG
authors: Ellingsen
authors: National Institute of Occupational Health, P.O. Box 8149 Dep, 0033, Oslo, Norway.|Department of Occupational Medicine, Mesta AS, Moss, Norway.
authors: Bente
authors: B
authors: Ulvestad
authors: National Institute of Occupational Health, P.O. Box 8149 Dep, 0033, Oslo, Norway.
authors: Berit
authors: B
authors: Bakke
authors: Department of Cardiology, Center for Clinical Heart Research, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Oslo, Norway.|Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
authors: Ingebjørg
authors: I
authors: Seljeflot
authors: Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden.
authors: Lars
authors: L
authors: Barregard
authors: National Institute of Occupational Health, P.O. Box 8149 Dep, 0033, Oslo, Norway.
authors: Yngvar
authors: Y
authors: Thomassen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis; D002244:Carbon / Q000097:blood; D020378:Confined Spaces; D060389:Construction Industry; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000032:analysis*; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000097:blood*; D037663:Pulmonary Surfactant-Associated Protein D / Q000097:blood; D037661:Pulmonary Surfactant-Associated Proteins / Q000097:blood*; D011791:Quartz / Q000097:blood; D012907:Smoking / Q000097:blood; D014598:Uteroglobin / Q000097:blood; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D052638:Particulate Matter; D037663:Pulmonary Surfactant-Associated Protein D; D037661:Pulmonary Surfactant-Associated Proteins; D011791:Quartz; D002244:Carbon; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D014598:Uteroglobin
keywords: CC-16; Diesel exhaust; SP-D; Tunnel construction; α-Quartz
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