title: Association between male infertility and either the +331G/A or the progins polymorphism of the progesterone receptor gene in a Chinese population.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Progesterone has been suggested to contribute to the regulation of spermatogenesis and to facilitate the production of viable sperm. Investigations have showed that polymorphism of progesterone receptor (PGR) is associated with some diseases.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To analyze the potential relationship between male infertility and the +331G/A and progins polymorphisms of PGR gene.
  
  
  METHODS
  The cross-sectional study was carried out at the Department of Male Reproduction, Reproductive Medical Center, the Second Hospital of Jilin University. The restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) technique was used to detect gene point mutations. Of the 145 semen samples analyzed, 35 were asthenozoospermic, 50 were oligoasthenozoospermic, 21 were azoospermic, 11 were teratozoospermic and 28 were from fertile male subjects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Statistical analyses revealed that the genotypes of the +331G/A polymorphisms were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in both the fertile ((2)=0, p=0.534) and oligospermic groups ((2)=0.021, p=0.537). Similarly, the genotypes of the progins polymorphisms were also in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in both the fertile ((2)=0, p=1) and oligospermic groups ((2)=0.005, p=1).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results indicated that polymorphisms of the +331G/A and progins of the PGR gene are unrelated to male infertility, at least in a Chinese population.
authors: The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Reproductive Medical Center, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130062, China.
authors: Dandan
authors: D
authors: Li
authors: The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Reproductive Medical Center, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130062, China.
authors: Junjie
authors: J
authors: Cheng
authors: College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Avenue, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130062, China.
authors: Wanghong
authors: W
authors: Li
authors: College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China.
authors: Wei
authors: W
authors: Ma
authors: College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Avenue, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130062, China.
authors: Xu
authors: X
authors: Zhou
authors: The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Reproductive Medical Center, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130062, China.
authors: Lianwen
authors: L
authors: Zheng
authors: College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Avenue, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130062, China.
authors: Chunjin
authors: C
authors: Li
keywords: +331G/A polymorphism; Male infertility; Progesterone receptor; Progins polymorphism
references: Pediatr Res. 2007 Nov;62(5):630-5
references: 17805208
references: J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2007 Nov;92(11):4319-26
references: 17684052
references: Cell Cycle. 2009 Aug 15;8(16):2643-9
references: 19625775
references: PLoS One. 2013;8(1):e53308
references: 23349706
references: World J Surg. 2000 Oct;24(10):1176-9
references: 11071455
references: Fertil Steril. 2012 Jul;98(1):43-7
references: 22537385
references: Int J Androl. 2002 Jun;25(3):149-52
references: 12031042
references: J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2001 Jun;86(6):2585-90
references: 11397858
references: Reprod Biomed Online. 2007 Dec;15(6):643-58
references: 18062861
references: Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2010 Aug;122(3):853-8
references: 20076999
references: J Assist Reprod Genet. 2013 Sep;30(9):1101-8
references: 23884663
references: Iran J Reprod Med. 2014 Jun;12(6):383-8
references: 25071845
references: N Engl J Med. 2009 Feb 26;360(9):881-5
references: 19246359
references: Hum Mol Genet. 2006 Sep 15;15(18):2673-81
references: 16893908
references: Hum Reprod. 2000 Jun;15 Suppl 1:28-45
references: 10928417
references: Int J Androl. 2005 Apr;28(2):115-9
references: 15811073
references: Fertil Steril. 2007 May;87(5):1116-21
references: 17224149
references: Biol Reprod. 2002 Oct;67(4):1327-36
references: 12297552
references: J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2002 Nov;87(11):5258-64
references: 12414900