title: Comparing cerebrovascular reactivity measured using BOLD and cerebral blood flow MRI: The effect of basal vascular tension on vasodilatory and vasoconstrictive reactivity.
abstract: Cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) is an important metric of cerebrovascular health. While the BOLD fMRI method in conjunction with carbon-dioxide (CO2) based vascular manipulation has been the most commonly used, the BOLD signal is not a direct measure of vascular changes, and the use of arterial-spin labeling (ASL) cerebral blood flow (CBF) imaging is increasingly advocated. Nonetheless, given the differing dependencies of BOLD and CBF on vascular baseline conditions and the diverse CO2 manipulation types currently used in the literature, knowledge of potential biases introduced by each technique is critical for the interpretation of CVR measurements. In this work, we use simultaneous BOLD-CBF acquisitions during both vasodilatory (hypercapnic) and vasoconstrictive (hypocapnic) stimuli to measure CVR. We further imposed different levels of baseline vascular tension by inducing hypercapnic and hypocapnic baselines, separately from normocapnia by 4mmHg. We saw significant and diverse dependencies on vascular stimulus and baseline condition in both BOLD and CBF CVR measurements: (i) BOLD-based CVR is more sensitive to basal vascular tension than CBF-based CVR; (ii) the use of a combination of vasodilatory and vasoconstrictive stimuli maximizes the sensitivity of CBF-based CVR to vascular tension changes; (iii) the BOLD and CBF vascular response delays are both significantly lengthened at predilated baseline. As vascular tension can often be altered by potential pathology, our findings are important considerations when interpreting CVR measurements in health and disease.
authors: Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Centre, Canada.
authors: Sheliza
authors: S
authors: Halani
authors: Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Centre, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Canada.
authors: Jonathan B
authors: JB
authors: Kwinta
authors: Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Centre, Canada.
authors: Ali M
authors: AM
authors: Golestani
authors: Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Centre, Canada.
authors: Yasha B
authors: YB
authors: Khatamian
authors: Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Centre, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Canada. Electronic address: jchen@research.baycrest.org.
authors: J Jean
authors: JJ
authors: Chen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006935:Hypercapnia / Q000503:physiopathology; D016857:Hypocapnia / Q000503:physiopathology; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood*; D014661:Vasoconstriction / Q000502:physiology*; D014664:Vasodilation / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D010100:Oxygen
keywords: Arterial-spin labeling (ASL); Blood-oxygenation level-dependent signal (BOLD); Cerebral blood flow (CBF); Cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR); Hypercapnia; Hypocapnia; Prospective targeting; Vasoconstriction; Vasodilation
references: J Appl Physiol (1985). 1996 Sep;81(3):1084-95
references: 8889738
references: J Neurol Sci. 2010 Dec 15;299(1-2):120-5
references: 20800240
references: J Magn Reson Imaging. 2008 Jan;27(1):185-91
references: 18050321
references: J Am Coll Cardiol. 1992 Dec;20(7):1562-8
references: 1452931
references: Basic Res Cardiol. 1991;86 Suppl 2:143-58
references: 1953606
references: Neuroimage. 2014 Sep;98:296-305
references: 24830840
references: Stroke. 1998 Jul;29(7):1311-4
references: 9660378
references: Cerebrovasc Dis Extra. 2013 Apr 12;3(1):55-64
references: 24052795
references: PLoS One. 2012;7(11):e47443
references: 23139743
references: Stroke. 2011 Nov;42(11):3047-54
references: 21903951
references: NMR Biomed. 1997 Jun-Aug;10(4-5):197-203
references: 9430348
references: Magn Reson Med. 2001 Jun;45(6):1011-3
references: 11378878
references: J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2011 Feb;31(2):426-38
references: 20959855
references: Cerebrovasc Brain Metab Rev. 1990 Summer;2(2):161-92
references: 2201348
references: Med Phys. 2012 Nov;39(11):6534-41
references: 23127048
references: Magn Reson Med. 2011 May;65(5):1278-86
references: 21500256
references: Neuroimage. 2004 Oct;23(2):613-24
references: 15488411
references: Neuroimage. 2013 Dec;83:559-68
references: 23845426
references: Int J Sports Med. 2015 Mar;36(3):189-96
references: 25329430
references: Neuroimage. 2006 Aug 1;32(1):122-8
references: 16713716
references: J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2014 May;85(5):522-5
references: 24249785
references: J Hypertens. 2005 Jun;23 (6):1211-6
references: 15894897
references: Neuroimage. 2009 Oct 15;48(1):166-75
references: 19450694
references: Blood. 2009 Oct 15;114(16):3473-8
references: 19700663
references: Cerebrovasc Dis. 2000 Sep-Oct;10(5):374-9
references: 10971023
references: J Magn Reson Imaging. 2010 Feb;31(2):298-304
references: 20099341
references: J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2009 Oct;80(10):1093-8
references: 19535355
references: Circulation. 1991 May;83(5):1557-61
references: 2022015
references: Stroke. 2008 Jul;39(7):2021-8
references: 18451352
references: Neurology. 2009 Feb 17;72(7):643-9
references: 19221298
references: Brain Res. 2008 Sep 16;1230:115-24
references: 18680730
references: Brain Behav. 2014 Sep;4(5):775-88
references: 25328852
references: J Magn Reson Imaging. 2006 Dec;24(6):1229-35
references: 17094105
references: J Magn Reson Imaging. 2012 Aug;36(2):312-21
references: 22544711
references: J Appl Physiol (1985). 1990 Apr;68(4):1727-31
references: 2112130
references: J Physiol. 2011 Jun 15;589(Pt 12):3039-48
references: 21521758
references: Neuroimage. 2012 Jan 16;59(2):950-6
references: 21930217
references: J Physiol. 2007 Jun 15;581(Pt 3):1207-19
references: 17446225
references: Acta Physiol (Oxf). 2008 Aug;193(4):325-30
references: 18298636
references: AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2011 Apr;32(4):721-7
references: 21436343
references: J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2003 Jun;23 (6):665-70
references: 12796714
references: Neuroimage. 2012 Feb 1;59(3):2994-3002
references: 22032947
references: Stroke. 2001 Feb;32(2):454-60
references: 11157182
references: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1998 Feb 17;95(4):1834-9
references: 9465103
references: Neuroimage. 2006 Apr 15;30(3):726-34
references: 16337135
references: J Neuroimaging. 2008 Jan;18(1):38-45
references: 18190494
references: J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2013 Jul;33(7):1066-74
references: 23571282
references: J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2010 Jun;30(6):1094-9
references: 20372169
references: Magn Reson Med. 2008 Dec;60(6):1488-97
references: 19025913
references: AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 1989 Jan-Feb;10(1):157-64
references: 2492717
references: Neurology. 2011 Aug 2;77(5):431-8
references: 21775744
references: Alzheimers Dement. 2015 Jun;11(6):648-57.e1
references: 25160043
references: Neuroimage. 2008 May 1;40(4):1595-605
references: 18314354
references: Magn Reson Med. 2010 Sep;64(3):749-56
references: 20648687
references: Magn Reson Med. 1999 Nov;42(5):849-63
references: 10542343
references: Hypertension. 2000 Nov;36(5):801-7
references: 11082146
references: Neuroimage. 2010 Nov 1;53(2):383-91
references: 20624474
references: J Neuroimaging. 2011 Apr;21(2):121-5
references: 19888933
references: NMR Biomed. 2009 Aug;22(7):779-86
references: 19388006
references: Neuroimage. 2011 Jan 1;54(1):369-79
references: 20682354
references: J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2007 Jan;27(1):69-75
references: 16670698
references: Neuroimage. 2014 Jan 1;84:672-80
references: 24099842
references: Radiology. 2013 Feb;266(2):592-8
references: 23204541
references: Diabetes Care. 2011 Feb;34(2):459-63
references: 21216862
references: Neuroimage. 2004 May;22(1):258-67
references: 15110016
references: Neuroimage. 2014 May 15;92:56-68
references: 24508647
references: Neuroimage. 2005 May 1;25(4):1100-11
references: 15850728
references: Neuroimage. 2014 Sep;98:31-41
references: 24769177
references: J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2014 Feb;34(2):242-7
references: 24192640
references: J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2014 Jun;34(6):971-8
references: 24643081
references: J Appl Physiol (1985). 2007 Mar;102(3):870-7
references: 17110510
references: Cereb Cortex. 2004 Jan;14(1):11-22
references: 14654453