title: Sex determines cardiovascular hemodynamics in hypertension.
abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of sex on cardiovascular hemodynamics and heart remodeling in 144 patients with arterial hypertension that underwent: (1) echocardiography (that is, indices of left ventricular diastolic function: e', E/e'), (2) impedance cardiography (that is, systemic vascular resistance (SVR), total artery compliance (TAC) and Heather index (HI)) and (3) applanation tonometry (augmentation index (AI), central systolic and diastolic blood pressure (CSBP, CDBP), central pulse pressure (CPP)). Women, in comparison with men, revealed to have: (1) stiffer arteries--lower TAC (1.93±0.55 vs 2.16±0.59 ml per mm Hg; P=0.025), higher CSBP (128.7±14.9 vs 123.4±13.2 mm Hg; P=0.036), CPP (39.9±9.5 vs 33.8±9.0 mm Hg; P=0.0002), AI (31.5±8.7 vs 17.5±12.7%; P<0.00001), SVR (1257.6±305.6 vs 1091.2±240.7 dyn × s × cm(-)(5); P=0.002) and (2) higher left ventricular performance--HI (16.3±4.3 vs 11.7±3.2 Ohm  × s(2); P<0.00001). In women CSBP, CPP and AI were more clearly associated with left ventricular filling pressure (e') (r=-0.39, r=-0.45, r=-0.44, P<0.01; respectively). These relations were remarkably weaker in men. Hypertensive women characterized with lower large artery compliance, more pronounced augmentation of central blood pressure and more distinctive association of central blood pressure with left ventricular diastolic function. Sex differences in cardiovascular function can impact the individualized management of arterial hypertension.
authors: Department of Cardiology and Internal Diseases, Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland.
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Krzesiński
authors: Department of Cardiology and Internal Diseases, Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland.
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Stańczyk
authors: Department of Cardiology and Internal Diseases, Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland.
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Gielerak
authors: Department of Cardiology and Internal Diseases, Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland.
authors: B
authors: B
authors: Uziębło-Życzkowska
authors: Department of Cardiology and Internal Diseases, Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland.
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Kurpaska
authors: Department of Cardiology and Internal Diseases, Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland.
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Piotrowicz
authors: Department of Cardiology and Internal Diseases, Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland.
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Skrobowski
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002307:Cardiography, Impedance; D004452:Echocardiography; D005260:Female; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011044:Poland / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D012737:Sex Factors; D055815:Young Adult
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