title: Imaging as an Outcome Measure in Gout Studies: Report from the OMERACT Gout Working Group.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The gout working group at the Outcome Measures in Rheumatology (OMERACT) 12 meeting in 2014 aimed to determine which imaging modalities show the most promise for use as measurement instruments for outcomes in studies of people with chronic gout and to identify the key foci for future research about the performance of these imaging techniques with respect to the OMERACT filter 2.0.
  
  
  METHODS
  During the gout session, a systematic literature review of the data addressing imaging modalities including plain radiography (XR), conventional computed tomography (CT), dual-energy computed tomography (DECT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and ultrasound (US) and the fulfillment of the OMERACT filter 2.0 was presented.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The working group identified 3 relevant domains for imaging in gout studies: urate deposition (tophus burden), joint inflammation, and structural joint damage.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The working group prioritized gaps in the data and identified a research agenda.
authors: From the Department of Medicine, University of Otago Wellington, Wellington; Department of Medicine, University of Auckland, New Zealand; Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland; School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia; Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA; Rheumatology Division, Hospital Universitario Cruces and BioCruces Health Research Institute, Vizcaya; Division of Rheumatology, Hospital de la Santa Creu I Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; SDG LLC, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.R. Grainger, PhD, FRACP, Senior Lecturer, Rheumatologist, Department of Medicine, University of Otago Wellington; N. Dalbeth, MD, FRACP, Associate Professor, Department of Medicine, University of Auckland; L. Durcan, Rheumatology Fellow, MD, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital; H. Keen, PhD, Associate Professor, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia; N.L. Edwards, MD, Professor of Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Florida; F. Perez-Ruiz, MD, Professor, Rheumatology Division, Hospital Universitario Cruces and BioCruces Health Research Institute; C. Diaz-Torne, PhD, Associate Professor and Rheumatologist; J.A. Singh, MBBS, MPH, Associate Professor of Medicine; Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of Alabama at Birmingham; D. Khanna, MD, MSc, Associate Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Michigan; L.S. Simon, MD, Principal Advisor, SDG LLC; W.J. Taylor, PhD, FRACP, Associate Professor and Rheumatologist, Department of Medicine, University of Otago Wellington.
authors: Rebecca
authors: R
authors: Grainger
authors: From the Department of Medicine, University of Otago Wellington, Wellington; Department of Medicine, University of Auckland, New Zealand; Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland; School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia; Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA; Rheumatology Division, Hospital Universitario Cruces and BioCruces Health Research Institute, Vizcaya; Division of Rheumatology, Hospital de la Santa Creu I Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; SDG LLC, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.R. Grainger, PhD, FRACP, Senior Lecturer, Rheumatologist, Department of Medicine, University of Otago Wellington; N. Dalbeth, MD, FRACP, Associate Professor, Department of Medicine, University of Auckland; L. Durcan, Rheumatology Fellow, MD, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital; H. Keen, PhD, Associate Professor, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia; N.L. Edwards, MD, Professor of Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Florida; F. Perez-Ruiz, MD, Professor, Rheumatology Division, Hospital Universitario Cruces and BioCruces Health Research Institute; C. Diaz-Torne, PhD, Associate Professor and Rheumatologist; J.A. Singh, MBBS, MPH, Associate Professor of Medicine; Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of Alabama at Birmingham; D. Khanna, MD, MSc, Associate Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Michigan; L.S. Simon, MD, Principal Advisor, SDG LLC; W.J. Taylor, PhD, FRACP, Associate Professor and Rheumatologist, Department of Medicine, University of Otago Wellington.
authors: Nicola
authors: N
authors: Dalbeth
authors: From the Department of Medicine, University of Otago Wellington, Wellington; Department of Medicine, University of Auckland, New Zealand; Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland; School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia; Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA; Rheumatology Division, Hospital Universitario Cruces and BioCruces Health Research Institute, Vizcaya; Division of Rheumatology, Hospital de la Santa Creu I Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; SDG LLC, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.R. Grainger, PhD, FRACP, Senior Lecturer, Rheumatologist, Department of Medicine, University of Otago Wellington; N. Dalbeth, MD, FRACP, Associate Professor, Department of Medicine, University of Auckland; L. Durcan, Rheumatology Fellow, MD, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital; H. Keen, PhD, Associate Professor, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia; N.L. Edwards, MD, Professor of Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Florida; F. Perez-Ruiz, MD, Professor, Rheumatology Division, Hospital Universitario Cruces and BioCruces Health Research Institute; C. Diaz-Torne, PhD, Associate Professor and Rheumatologist; J.A. Singh, MBBS, MPH, Associate Professor of Medicine; Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of Alabama at Birmingham; D. Khanna, MD, MSc, Associate Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Michigan; L.S. Simon, MD, Principal Advisor, SDG LLC; W.J. Taylor, PhD, FRACP, Associate Professor and Rheumatologist, Department of Medicine, University of Otago Wellington.
authors: Helen
authors: H
authors: Keen
authors: From the Department of Medicine, University of Otago Wellington, Wellington; Department of Medicine, University of Auckland, New Zealand; Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland; School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia; Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA; Rheumatology Division, Hospital Universitario Cruces and BioCruces Health Research Institute, Vizcaya; Division of Rheumatology, Hospital de la Santa Creu I Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; SDG LLC, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.R. Grainger, PhD, FRACP, Senior Lecturer, Rheumatologist, Department of Medicine, University of Otago Wellington; N. Dalbeth, MD, FRACP, Associate Professor, Department of Medicine, University of Auckland; L. Durcan, Rheumatology Fellow, MD, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital; H. Keen, PhD, Associate Professor, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia; N.L. Edwards, MD, Professor of Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Florida; F. Perez-Ruiz, MD, Professor, Rheumatology Division, Hospital Universitario Cruces and BioCruces Health Research Institute; C. Diaz-Torne, PhD, Associate Professor and Rheumatologist; J.A. Singh, MBBS, MPH, Associate Professor of Medicine; Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of Alabama at Birmingham; D. Khanna, MD, MSc, Associate Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Michigan; L.S. Simon, MD, Principal Advisor, SDG LLC; W.J. Taylor, PhD, FRACP, Associate Professor and Rheumatologist, Department of Medicine, University of Otago Wellington.
authors: Laura
authors: L
authors: Durcan
authors: From the Department of Medicine, University of Otago Wellington, Wellington; Department of Medicine, University of Auckland, New Zealand; Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland; School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia; Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA; Rheumatology Division, Hospital Universitario Cruces and BioCruces Health Research Institute, Vizcaya; Division of Rheumatology, Hospital de la Santa Creu I Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; SDG LLC, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.R. Grainger, PhD, FRACP, Senior Lecturer, Rheumatologist, Department of Medicine, University of Otago Wellington; N. Dalbeth, MD, FRACP, Associate Professor, Department of Medicine, University of Auckland; L. Durcan, Rheumatology Fellow, MD, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital; H. Keen, PhD, Associate Professor, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia; N.L. Edwards, MD, Professor of Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Florida; F. Perez-Ruiz, MD, Professor, Rheumatology Division, Hospital Universitario Cruces and BioCruces Health Research Institute; C. Diaz-Torne, PhD, Associate Professor and Rheumatologist; J.A. Singh, MBBS, MPH, Associate Professor of Medicine; Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of Alabama at Birmingham; D. Khanna, MD, MSc, Associate Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Michigan; L.S. Simon, MD, Principal Advisor, SDG LLC; W.J. Taylor, PhD, FRACP, Associate Professor and Rheumatologist, Department of Medicine, University of Otago Wellington.
authors: N
authors: N
authors: Lawrence Edwards
authors: From the Department of Medicine, University of Otago Wellington, Wellington; Department of Medicine, University of Auckland, New Zealand; Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland; School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia; Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA; Rheumatology Division, Hospital Universitario Cruces and BioCruces Health Research Institute, Vizcaya; Division of Rheumatology, Hospital de la Santa Creu I Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; SDG LLC, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.R. Grainger, PhD, FRACP, Senior Lecturer, Rheumatologist, Department of Medicine, University of Otago Wellington; N. Dalbeth, MD, FRACP, Associate Professor, Department of Medicine, University of Auckland; L. Durcan, Rheumatology Fellow, MD, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital; H. Keen, PhD, Associate Professor, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia; N.L. Edwards, MD, Professor of Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Florida; F. Perez-Ruiz, MD, Professor, Rheumatology Division, Hospital Universitario Cruces and BioCruces Health Research Institute; C. Diaz-Torne, PhD, Associate Professor and Rheumatologist; J.A. Singh, MBBS, MPH, Associate Professor of Medicine; Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of Alabama at Birmingham; D. Khanna, MD, MSc, Associate Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Michigan; L.S. Simon, MD, Principal Advisor, SDG LLC; W.J. Taylor, PhD, FRACP, Associate Professor and Rheumatologist, Department of Medicine, University of Otago Wellington.
authors: Fernando
authors: F
authors: Perez-Ruiz
authors: From the Department of Medicine, University of Otago Wellington, Wellington; Department of Medicine, University of Auckland, New Zealand; Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland; School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia; Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA; Rheumatology Division, Hospital Universitario Cruces and BioCruces Health Research Institute, Vizcaya; Division of Rheumatology, Hospital de la Santa Creu I Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; SDG LLC, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.R. Grainger, PhD, FRACP, Senior Lecturer, Rheumatologist, Department of Medicine, University of Otago Wellington; N. Dalbeth, MD, FRACP, Associate Professor, Department of Medicine, University of Auckland; L. Durcan, Rheumatology Fellow, MD, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital; H. Keen, PhD, Associate Professor, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia; N.L. Edwards, MD, Professor of Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Florida; F. Perez-Ruiz, MD, Professor, Rheumatology Division, Hospital Universitario Cruces and BioCruces Health Research Institute; C. Diaz-Torne, PhD, Associate Professor and Rheumatologist; J.A. Singh, MBBS, MPH, Associate Professor of Medicine; Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of Alabama at Birmingham; D. Khanna, MD, MSc, Associate Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Michigan; L.S. Simon, MD, Principal Advisor, SDG LLC; W.J. Taylor, PhD, FRACP, Associate Professor and Rheumatologist, Department of Medicine, University of Otago Wellington.
authors: Cesar
authors: C
authors: Diaz-Torne
authors: From the Department of Medicine, University of Otago Wellington, Wellington; Department of Medicine, University of Auckland, New Zealand; Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland; School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia; Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA; Rheumatology Division, Hospital Universitario Cruces and BioCruces Health Research Institute, Vizcaya; Division of Rheumatology, Hospital de la Santa Creu I Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; SDG LLC, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.R. Grainger, PhD, FRACP, Senior Lecturer, Rheumatologist, Department of Medicine, University of Otago Wellington; N. Dalbeth, MD, FRACP, Associate Professor, Department of Medicine, University of Auckland; L. Durcan, Rheumatology Fellow, MD, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital; H. Keen, PhD, Associate Professor, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia; N.L. Edwards, MD, Professor of Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Florida; F. Perez-Ruiz, MD, Professor, Rheumatology Division, Hospital Universitario Cruces and BioCruces Health Research Institute; C. Diaz-Torne, PhD, Associate Professor and Rheumatologist; J.A. Singh, MBBS, MPH, Associate Professor of Medicine; Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of Alabama at Birmingham; D. Khanna, MD, MSc, Associate Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Michigan; L.S. Simon, MD, Principal Advisor, SDG LLC; W.J. Taylor, PhD, FRACP, Associate Professor and Rheumatologist, Department of Medicine, University of Otago Wellington.
authors: Jasvinder A
authors: JA
authors: Singh
authors: From the Department of Medicine, University of Otago Wellington, Wellington; Department of Medicine, University of Auckland, New Zealand; Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland; School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia; Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA; Rheumatology Division, Hospital Universitario Cruces and BioCruces Health Research Institute, Vizcaya; Division of Rheumatology, Hospital de la Santa Creu I Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; SDG LLC, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.R. Grainger, PhD, FRACP, Senior Lecturer, Rheumatologist, Department of Medicine, University of Otago Wellington; N. Dalbeth, MD, FRACP, Associate Professor, Department of Medicine, University of Auckland; L. Durcan, Rheumatology Fellow, MD, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital; H. Keen, PhD, Associate Professor, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia; N.L. Edwards, MD, Professor of Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Florida; F. Perez-Ruiz, MD, Professor, Rheumatology Division, Hospital Universitario Cruces and BioCruces Health Research Institute; C. Diaz-Torne, PhD, Associate Professor and Rheumatologist; J.A. Singh, MBBS, MPH, Associate Professor of Medicine; Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of Alabama at Birmingham; D. Khanna, MD, MSc, Associate Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Michigan; L.S. Simon, MD, Principal Advisor, SDG LLC; W.J. Taylor, PhD, FRACP, Associate Professor and Rheumatologist, Department of Medicine, University of Otago Wellington.
authors: Dinesh
authors: D
authors: Khanna
authors: From the Department of Medicine, University of Otago Wellington, Wellington; Department of Medicine, University of Auckland, New Zealand; Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland; School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia; Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA; Rheumatology Division, Hospital Universitario Cruces and BioCruces Health Research Institute, Vizcaya; Division of Rheumatology, Hospital de la Santa Creu I Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; SDG LLC, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.R. Grainger, PhD, FRACP, Senior Lecturer, Rheumatologist, Department of Medicine, University of Otago Wellington; N. Dalbeth, MD, FRACP, Associate Professor, Department of Medicine, University of Auckland; L. Durcan, Rheumatology Fellow, MD, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital; H. Keen, PhD, Associate Professor, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia; N.L. Edwards, MD, Professor of Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Florida; F. Perez-Ruiz, MD, Professor, Rheumatology Division, Hospital Universitario Cruces and BioCruces Health Research Institute; C. Diaz-Torne, PhD, Associate Professor and Rheumatologist; J.A. Singh, MBBS, MPH, Associate Professor of Medicine; Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of Alabama at Birmingham; D. Khanna, MD, MSc, Associate Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Michigan; L.S. Simon, MD, Principal Advisor, SDG LLC; W.J. Taylor, PhD, FRACP, Associate Professor and Rheumatologist, Department of Medicine, University of Otago Wellington.
authors: Lee S
authors: LS
authors: Simon
authors: From the Department of Medicine, University of Otago Wellington, Wellington; Department of Medicine, University of Auckland, New Zealand; Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland; School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia; Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA; Rheumatology Division, Hospital Universitario Cruces and BioCruces Health Research Institute, Vizcaya; Division of Rheumatology, Hospital de la Santa Creu I Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; SDG LLC, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.R. Grainger, PhD, FRACP, Senior Lecturer, Rheumatologist, Department of Medicine, University of Otago Wellington; N. Dalbeth, MD, FRACP, Associate Professor, Department of Medicine, University of Auckland; L. Durcan, Rheumatology Fellow, MD, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital; H. Keen, PhD, Associate Professor, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia; N.L. Edwards, MD, Professor of Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Florida; F. Perez-Ruiz, MD, Professor, Rheumatology Division, Hospital Universitario Cruces and BioCruces Health Research Institute; C. Diaz-Torne, PhD, Associate Professor and Rheumatologist; J.A. Singh, MBBS, MPH, Associate Professor of Medicine; Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of Alabama at Birmingham; D. Khanna, MD, MSc, Associate Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Michigan; L.S. Simon, MD, Principal Advisor, SDG LLC; W.J. Taylor, PhD, FRACP, Associate Professor and Rheumatologist, Department of Medicine, University of Otago Wellington. william.taylor@otago.ac.nz.
authors: William J
authors: WJ
authors: Taylor
mesh_terms: D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards; D003245:Consensus Statements as Topic; D003952:Diagnostic Imaging / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D005260:Female; D006073:Gout / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D064847:Multimodal Imaging / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D011859:Radiography / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards; D018608:Ultrasonography, Doppler / Q000379:methods; D014527:Uric Acid / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D014527:Uric Acid
keywords: GOUT; MEDICAL IMAGING; OMERACT; OUTCOME MEASURES
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