title: The selection and function of cell type-specific enhancers.
abstract: The human body contains several hundred cell types, all of which share the same genome. In metazoans, much of the regulatory code that drives cell type-specific gene expression is located in distal elements called enhancers. Although mammalian genomes contain millions of potential enhancers, only a small subset of them is active in a given cell type. Cell type-specific enhancer selection involves the binding of lineage-determining transcription factors that prime enhancers. Signal-dependent transcription factors bind to primed enhancers, which enables these broadly expressed factors to regulate gene expression in a cell type-specific manner. The expression of genes that specify cell type identity and function is associated with densely spaced clusters of active enhancers known as super-enhancers. The functions of enhancers and super-enhancers are influenced by, and affect, higher-order genomic organization.
authors: Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, San Diego, California 92037, USA.
authors: Sven
authors: S
authors: Heinz
authors: Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, San Diego, California 92093, USA.
authors: Casey E
authors: CE
authors: Romanoski
authors: Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, San Diego, California 92037, USA.
authors: Christopher
authors: C
authors: Benner
authors: 1] Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, San Diego, California 92093, USA. [2] Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, San Diego, California 92093, USA.
authors: Christopher K
authors: CK
authors: Glass
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D019070:Cell Lineage / Q000235:genetics*; D002843:Chromatin / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D004742:Enhancer Elements, Genetic; D005057:Eukaryotic Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D016678:Genome; D006657:Histones / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D009928:Organ Specificity; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D014158:Transcription, Genetic
chemical_list: D002843:Chromatin; D006657:Histones; D014157:Transcription Factors
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