title: Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of pomegranate (Punica granatum) on Eimeria papillata-induced infection in mice.
abstract: Coccidiosis is the most prevalent disease causing widespread economic loss, especially in poultry farms. Here, we investigated the effects of pomegranate peel extract (PPE) on the outcome of coccidiosis caused by Eimeria papillata in mice. The data showed that mice infected with E. papillata and treated with PPE revealed a significant decrease in the output of oocysts in their faeces by day 5 p.i. Infection also induced inflammation and injury of the jejunum. This was evidenced (i) as increases in reactive oxygen species, (ii), as increased neutrophils and decreased lymphocytes in blood (ii) as increased mRNA levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), Bcl-2 gene, and of the cytokines interferon gamma (IFN-γ), tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and (iv) as downregulation of mucin gene MUC2 mRNA. All these infection-induced parameters were significantly altered during PPE treatment. In particular, PPE counteracted the E. papillata-induced loss of the total antioxidant capacity. Our data indicated that PPE treatment significantly attenuated inflammation and injury of the jejunum induced by E. papillata infections.
authors: Medical Laboratory Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Al Majma'ah 11952, Saudi Arabia ; Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University (Assiut Branch), Assiut 71524, Egypt.
authors: Omar S O
authors: OS
authors: Amer
authors: Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia ; Department of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Helwan 11795, Egypt.
authors: Mohamed A
authors: MA
authors: Dkhil
authors: Parasitology Laboratory, Water Pollution Research Department, Environmental Division, National Research Center, Dokki, 12622 Giza, Egypt ; Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Tabuk University, P.O. Box 741, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia.
authors: Wafaa M
authors: WM
authors: Hikal
authors: Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
authors: Saleh
authors: 0000-0003-4204-3124
authors: S
authors: Al-Quraishy
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003048:Coccidiosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics / Q000469:parasitology / Q000473:pathology; D004539:Eimeria / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D007583:Jejunum / Q000187:drug effects / Q000469:parasitology / Q000473:pathology; D008018:Life Cycle Stages / Q000187:drug effects; D029561:Lythraceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II
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