title: The effect of amifostine on pathophysiological changes in vasogenic brain edema induced by an experimental cold injury model.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effects of amifostine, a cytoprotective agent, on pathophysiological changes in vasogenic brain edema induced by an experimental cold injury model and to compare these changes with dexamethasone.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 138 rats divided into 6 groups. Brain water content (BWC), malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity in brain tissue were calculated to evaluate the pathophysiological changes following experimental cold injury. In addition, effects of cold injury on cell structure were assessed with direct light and transmission electron microscopy (TEM).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Extent of edema, MDA and MPO levels were significantly higher in cold injury groups than in controls. Although a decrease was noted in these parameters in both the amifostine and dexamethasone groups, the differences were significant only for MDA concentration in dexamethasone group, and for MPO activity in both groups. In addition, there was a significant difference between the group in which amifostine was administered prior to cold injury and dexamethasone group for MPO activity. Histopathologically, positive effects were observed in treatment groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite several positive effects of amifostine, its superiority to dexamethasone could not be clearly demonstrated. Further experimental and clinical studies are warranted to better delineate the neuroprotective effects of amifostine.
authors: Akdeniz University, School of Medicine, Department of Neurosurgery, Antalya, Turkey.
authors: Kemal
authors: K
authors: Cengiz
authors: Ethem
authors: E
authors: Goksu
authors: Arzu
authors: A
authors: Cengiz
authors: Ozlem
authors: O
authors: Ozsoy
authors: Ruken
authors: R
authors: Tan
authors: Necdet
authors: N
authors: Demir
authors: Inanc
authors: I
authors: Gurer
authors: Saim
authors: S
authors: Kazan
mesh_terms: D004999:Amifostine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000818:Animals; D001929:Brain Edema / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D003080:Cold Temperature; D003907:Dexamethasone / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats
chemical_list: D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D003907:Dexamethasone; D009195:Peroxidase; D004999:Amifostine