title: Recent advances in the characterization of hair of mummies from the Chilean Andean coast.
abstract: Two pre-Hispanic mummies from the Andean coast, belonging to a corpus of 16 mummies from the San Miguel de Azapa (Arica, Chile), were radiocarbon dated and analyzed in order to replace them in their historical context and to study the conservation state of the hair fibers and the heavy metal presence. The radiocarbon dating placed both mummies in the Formative period (1700 years BC to 500 years AD). Global and elemental analyses were performed using scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and using X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy. These combined techniques enabled to prove the good global conservation state of the mummies' hair and to detect iron, lead, bromide and also arsenic in some cases, in significant amounts inside the hair fibers. Fourier transformed infra-red spectroscopy seemed to prove the good conservation state of the hair surface at a structural level that is why the conservation of hair proteins at a molecular level will be investigated by a proteomics approach in future work.
authors: Laboratoire de spectrométrie de masse des interactions et des systèmes (LSMIS), 1 rue Blaise Pascal, 67008 Strasbourg, France; Centre de recherche et de restauration des musées de France (C2RMF), Palais du Louvre, Porte des Lions, 14 quai François Mitterrand, 75001 Paris, France.
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Fresnais
authors: Centre de recherche et de restauration des musées de France (C2RMF), Palais du Louvre, Porte des Lions, 14 quai François Mitterrand, 75001 Paris, France.
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Richardin
authors: Centre de recherche et de restauration des musées de France (C2RMF), Palais du Louvre, Porte des Lions, 14 quai François Mitterrand, 75001 Paris, France.
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Gimat
authors: Laboratorio de Análisis e Investigación arqueométrico, Departemento de Antropología, Universidad de Tarapacá, 18 de sept. 2222, Casilla 6D, Arica, Chile.
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Sepúlveda
authors: Laboratoire de spectrométrie de masse des interactions et des systèmes (LSMIS), 1 rue Blaise Pascal, 67008 Strasbourg, France.
authors: E
authors: E
authors: Leize-Wagner
authors: Laboratoire de spectrométrie de masse des interactions et des systèmes (LSMIS), 1 rue Blaise Pascal, 67008 Strasbourg, France. Electronic address: acharrie@unistra.fr.
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Charrié
mesh_terms: D001151:Arsenic / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D002677:Chile; D006197:Hair / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D007501:Iron / Q000032:analysis; D007854:Lead / Q000032:analysis; D008345:Manganese / Q000032:analysis; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000032:analysis*; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning / Q000379:methods*; D009106:Mummies; D040901:Proteomics / Q000379:methods; D055110:Radiometric Dating / Q000379:methods*; D013052:Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission / Q000379:methods*; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D019216:Metals, Heavy; D007854:Lead; D008345:Manganese; D007501:Iron; D001151:Arsenic
keywords: Andean mummies; FTIR; Hair analysis; Qualitative proteomics; SEM-EDS; XRF