title: Lower hazard ratio for death in women with cerebral hemorrhage.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the study was to clarify the hazard ratio for death within 30 days after stroke comparing women to men.
  
  
  METHODS
  We reviewed all stroke patients registered in the Kyoto Stroke Registry (from January 1999 to December 2009) in Japan. Hazard ratio (HR) for death and 95% confidence interval were calculated by the Cox regression in stroke and in each stroke subtype: cerebral infarction (CI), cerebral hemorrhage, (CH) and subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). We also evaluated HR for death in women in each consciousness level at the onset of stroke: the Japan Coma Scale (JCS) 0 (alert), JCS 1-digit code (disoriented but awake), JCS 2-digit code (arousable with stimulation), and JCS 3-digit code (unarousable).
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 13,788 patients were analyzed. HR for death comparing women to men were 1.04 (0.88-1.23, P = 0.66 in stroke as a whole), 0.91 (0.69-1.21, P = 0.51 in CI), 0.53 (0.41-0.71, P < 0.01 in CH), and 0.89 (0.60-1.30, P = 0.535 in SAH) after adjustment for age and histories of hypertension, arrhythmia, diabetes mellitus and hyperlipemia and uses of tobacco and alcohol. Stratified by JCS, HR for death in women with CH were 0.32 (0.11-0.94 in JCS0), 0.48 (0.28-0.82 in JCS1), 0.49 (0.28-0.83 in JCS2), and 0.79 (0.65-0.97 in JCS3), respectively. HR for death in women with CI in JCS3 was significantly lower than in men (0.71; 0.52-0.98).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We evaluated HR for death comparing men to women in stroke and in each stroke subtype. Women with CH had lower HR for death within 30 days after stroke than men.
authors: Department of Neurology, National Hospital Organization, Minami Kyoto Hospital, Kyoto, Japan.
authors: K
authors: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3747-8115
authors: K
authors: Shigematsu
authors: Department of Epidemiology for Community Health and Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
authors: Y
authors: Y
authors: Watanabe
authors: Department of Neurosurgery, Kyoto Kidugawa Hospital, Kyoto, Japan.
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Nakano
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002543:Cerebral Hemorrhage / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality*; D002544:Cerebral Infarction / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007564:Japan; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012042:Registries; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D020521:Stroke / Q000150:complications / Q000401:mortality*; D013345:Subarachnoid Hemorrhage / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality
keywords: cerebrovascular diseases; neuroepidemiology; sex, early outcome; strokes