title: Serotype distribution and antimicrobial resistance of Streptococcus pneumoniae causing noninvasive diseases in a Children's Hospital, Shanghai.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Streptococcus pneumoniae, which cause noninvasive pneumococcal diseases, severely impair children's health. This study analyzed serotype distribution and antimicrobial resistance of S. pneumoniae from January 2012 to December 2012 in a Children's Hospital, Shanghai.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 328 pneumococcal isolates were serotyped by multiplex sequential PCR and/or capsule-quellung reaction. The minimum inhibitory concentrations for 11 antimicrobial agents were determined by broth microdilution method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among 328 strains, 19F (36.3%), 19A (13.4%), 6A (11.9%), 23F (11.0%), 14 (5.8%), 6B (5.2%), and 15B/C (4.3%) were the most common serotypes. The coverage rates of 7-, 10-, and 13-valent conjugate vaccines (PCV7, PCV10, and PCV13) were 58.2%, 58.2%, and 84.1%, respectively. Out of the isolates, 26 (7.9%) strains were penicillin resistant. Most of the strains displayed high resistance rate to macrolides (98.5% to erythromycin, 97.9% to azithromycin, and 97.0% to clindamycin).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The potential coverage of PCV13 is higher than PCV7 and PCV10 because of the emergence of 19A and there should be long-term and systematic surveillance for non-vaccine serotypes.
authors: Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China.
authors: Fen
authors: F
authors: Pan
authors: Department of Clinical Microbiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
authors: Lizhong
authors: L
authors: Han
authors: Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China.
authors: Jing
authors: J
authors: Kong
authors: Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China.
authors: Chun
authors: C
authors: Wang
authors: Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China.
authors: Huihong
authors: H
authors: Qin
authors: Department of Clinical Microbiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
authors: Shuzhen
authors: S
authors: Xiao
authors: Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China.
authors: Junying
authors: J
authors: Zhu
authors: Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China. Electronic address: Zhanghong3010@126.com.
authors: Hong
authors: H
authors: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002681:China; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D060885:Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011008:Pneumococcal Infections / Q000382:microbiology*; D011159:Population Surveillance; D012703:Serotyping; D013296:Streptococcus pneumoniae / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents
keywords: Antimicrobial resistance; Serotype; Streptococcus pneumoniae
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