title: Prospective study of ocular manifestations of pemphigus and bullous pemphigoid identifies a high prevalence of dry eye syndrome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the range of ocular manifestations in an Australian cohort of patients with pemphigus and bullous pemphigoid (BP), including a detailed assessment for dry eye syndrome (DES).
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-two patients with pemphigus vulgaris, pemphigus foliaceus, and BP were referred for a detailed ophthalmology review between September 2011 and March 2012.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 44 eyes of 22 patients with pemphigus vulgaris, pemphigus foliaceus, and BP were examined. Photophobia was the most common symptom reported. The most common ocular signs found in both groups were blepharitis (68.1%), conjunctival hyperemia (22.7%), and limbal broadening (18.2%). In our DES assessment, 92.9% of patients had a reduced Schirmer test score and an abnormal tear break-up time was recorded in 100% of patients. The ocular surface disease index score ranged from 0 to 47.2, with a median score of 10.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The high occurrence of patient-reported ocular symptoms and clinical evidence of dry eye on Schirmer testing and break-up time demonstrate high prevalence of DES in our cohort of pemphigus and BP patients, which is a novel finding. Limbal broadening was another common finding not previously reported.
authors: *Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney Australia; †Department of Ophthalmology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, Australia; ‡Department of Dermatology, St George Hospital, Sydney, Australia; and §Ophthalmic Surgeons, Sydney, Australia.
authors: Jeremy C K
authors: JC
authors: Tan
authors: Lien T
authors: LT
authors: Tat
authors: Kristy B
authors: KB
authors: Francis
authors: Clarisse G
authors: CG
authors: Mendoza
authors: Dedee F
authors: DF
authors: Murrell
authors: Minas T
authors: MT
authors: Coroneo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001762:Blepharitis / Q000175:diagnosis; D003229:Conjunctival Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis; D015352:Dry Eye Syndromes / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006940:Hyperemia / Q000175:diagnosis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010391:Pemphigoid, Bullous / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D010392:Pemphigus / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D020795:Photophobia / Q000175:diagnosis; D015995:Prevalence; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014792:Visual Acuity