title: Skeletal cryptococcosis from 1977 to 2013.
abstract: Skeletal cryptococcosis, an aspect of disseminated cryptococcal disease or isolated skeletal cryptococcal infection, is a rare but treatable disease. However, limited information is available regarding its clinical features, treatment, and prognosis. This systematic review examined all cases published between April 1977 and May 2013 with regard to the factors associated with this disease, including patient sex, age, and epidemiological history; affected sites; clinical symptoms; underlying diseases; laboratory tests; radiological manifestations; and delays in diagnosis, treatment, follow-up assessments, and outcomes. We found that immune abnormality is a risk factor but does not predict mortality; these observations are due to recent Cryptococcus neoformans var gattii (CNVG) outbreaks (Chaturvedi and Chaturvedi, 2011). Dissemination was irrespective of immune status and required combination therapy, and dissemination carried a worse prognosis. Therefore, a database of skeletal cryptococcosis cases should be created.
authors: Department of Orthopaedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital Tianjin, China.
authors: Heng-Xing
authors: HX
authors: Zhou
authors: Department of Orthopaedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital Tianjin, China.
authors: Lu
authors: L
authors: Lu
authors: Department of Orthopaedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital Tianjin, China.
authors: Tianci
authors: T
authors: Chu
authors: Department of Orthopaedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital Tianjin, China.
authors: Tianyi
authors: T
authors: Wang
authors: Department of Orthopaedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital Tianjin, China.
authors: Daigui
authors: D
authors: Cao
authors: Department of Orthopaedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital Tianjin, China.
authors: Fuyuan
authors: F
authors: Li
authors: Department of Orthopaedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital Tianjin, China.
authors: Guangzhi
authors: G
authors: Ning
authors: Department of Orthopaedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital Tianjin, China.
authors: Shiqing
authors: S
authors: Feng
keywords: Cryptococcus neoformans; dissemination; immune status; skeletal cryptococcosis; underlying disease
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