title: Comparison of the chemistry and diversity of endophytes isolated from wild-harvested and greenhouse-cultivated yerba mansa (Anemopsis californica).
abstract: With this study, we explored the identity and chemistry of fungal endophytes from the roots of yerba mansa [Anemopsis californica(Nutt.) Hook. & Arn. (Saururaceae)], a botanical traditionally used to treat infection. We compared the diversity of fungal endophytes isolated from a wild-harvestedA. californicapopulation, and those from plants cultivated for one year in a greenhouse environment. The wild-harvested population yielded thirteen fungal strains (eleven unique genotypes). Of the extracts prepared from these fungi, four inhibited growth ofStaphylococcus aureusby >25% at 20 µg/mL, and three inhibited growth ofPseudomonas aeruginosaby ≥20% at 200 µg/mL. By comparison,A. californicaroots after one year of cultivation in the greenhouse produced only two unique genotypes, neither of which displayed significant antimicrobial activity. The fungusChaetomium cupreumisolated from wild-harvestedA. californicayielded a new antimicrobial spirolactone, chaetocuprum (1). An additional fourteen known compounds were identified using LC-MS dereplication of the various fungal endophytes. This study provides new insights into the identity and chemistry ofA. californicafungal endophytes, and demonstrates the importance of considering growing conditions when pursuing natural product drug discovery from endophytic fungi.
authors: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, P.O. Box 26170, Greensboro, NC 27402.
authors: Robert O
authors: RO
authors: Bussey
authors: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, P.O. Box 26170, Greensboro, NC 27402.
authors: Amninder
authors: A
authors: Kaur
authors: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, P.O. Box 26170, Greensboro, NC 27402.
authors: Daniel A
authors: DA
authors: Todd
authors: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, P.O. Box 26170, Greensboro, NC 27402.
authors: Joseph M
authors: JM
authors: Egan
authors: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, P.O. Box 26170, Greensboro, NC 27402.
authors: Tamam
authors: T
authors: El-Elimat
authors: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, P.O. Box 26170, Greensboro, NC 27402.
authors: Tyler N
authors: TN
authors: Graf
authors: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, P.O. Box 26170, Greensboro, NC 27402.
authors: Huzefa A
authors: HA
authors: Raja
authors: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, P.O. Box 26170, Greensboro, NC 27402.
authors: Nicholas H
authors: NH
authors: Oberlies
authors: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, P.O. Box 26170, Greensboro, NC 27402.
authors: Nadja B
authors: NB
authors: Cech
keywords: Anemopsis californica; Chaetomium cupreum; Cylindrocarpon sp; antimicrobial; fungal endophyte; spirolactone
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