title: HIV-1 Is Associated With Lower Group B Streptococcus Capsular and Surface-Protein IgG Antibody Levels and Reduced Transplacental Antibody Transfer in Pregnant Women.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-exposed infants are at increased risk of invasive Group B Streptococcus (GBS) disease; however, the reason for this increased susceptibility has not been characterized.
  
  
  METHODS
  We compared GBS capsular and surface-protein maternal immunoglobin G antibody concentrations and cord-maternal ratios between HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected mother-newborn dyads.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Median capsular antibody concentrations (µg/mL) were lower in HIV-infected than HIV-uninfected women for serotypes Ib (P = .033) and V (P = .040); and for pilus island (PI)-1 (P = .016), PI-2a (P = .015), PI-2b (P = .015), and fibrinogen-binding protein A (P < .001). For serotypes Ia and III, cord-maternal ratios were 37.4% (P < .001) and 32.5% (P = .027) lower in HIV-infected compared to HIV-uninfected mother-newborn dyads. The adjusted odds of having capsular antibody concentration ≥2 µg/mL when comparing HIV-infected to -uninfected women were 0.33 (95% confidence interval [CI], .15-.75) and 0.34 (95% CI, .12-1.00) for serotypes Ia and III, respectively. Antibody levels and cord-maternal ratios were independent of CD4(+) lymphocyte counts or HIV-1 viral load.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The lower GBS antibody concentrations and reduced transplacental antibody transfer in HIV-infected women, which likely contribute to their infants being at heightened susceptibility for invasive GBS disease, could possibly be mitigated by vaccination with a GBS conjugate vaccine currently under clinical development.
authors: Medical Research Council: Respiratory and Meningeal Pathogens Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences Department of Science and Technology/National Research Foundation: Vaccine Preventable Diseases, Faculty of Health Sciences Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Health Sciences.
authors: Ziyaad
authors: Z
authors: Dangor
authors: Medical Research Council: Respiratory and Meningeal Pathogens Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences Department of Science and Technology/National Research Foundation: Vaccine Preventable Diseases, Faculty of Health Sciences.
authors: Gaurav
authors: G
authors: Kwatra
authors: Medical Research Council: Respiratory and Meningeal Pathogens Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences Department of Science and Technology/National Research Foundation: Vaccine Preventable Diseases, Faculty of Health Sciences.
authors: Alane
authors: A
authors: Izu
authors: Medical Research Council: Respiratory and Meningeal Pathogens Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences Department of Science and Technology/National Research Foundation: Vaccine Preventable Diseases, Faculty of Health Sciences.
authors: Peter
authors: P
authors: Adrian
authors: Medical Research Council: Respiratory and Meningeal Pathogens Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences Department of Science and Technology/National Research Foundation: Vaccine Preventable Diseases, Faculty of Health Sciences.
authors: Nadia
authors: N
authors: van Niekerk
authors: Medical Research Council: Respiratory and Meningeal Pathogens Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences Department of Science and Technology/National Research Foundation: Vaccine Preventable Diseases, Faculty of Health Sciences.
authors: Clare L
authors: CL
authors: Cutland
authors: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand.
authors: Yasmin
authors: Y
authors: Adam
authors: Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Health Sciences.
authors: Sithembiso
authors: S
authors: Velaphi
authors: Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Health Sciences.
authors: Sanjay G
authors: SG
authors: Lala
authors: Medical Research Council: Respiratory and Meningeal Pathogens Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences Department of Science and Technology/National Research Foundation: Vaccine Preventable Diseases, Faculty of Health Sciences National Institute for Communicable Diseases: A Division of National Health Laboratory Service, Centre for Vaccines and Immunology, Sandringham, South Africa.
authors: Shabir A
authors: SA
authors: Madhi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology*; D000942:Antigens, Bacterial / Q000276:immunology; D016667:Bacterial Capsules / Q000276:immunology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D006801:Humans; D007112:Immunity, Maternally-Acquired / Q000276:immunology*; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011251:Pregnancy Complications, Infectious / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000821:virology; D013292:Streptococcus agalactiae / Q000276:immunology*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial; D000942:Antigens, Bacterial; D007074:Immunoglobulin G
keywords: Group B Streptococcus; HIV; Streptococcus agalactiae; antibody; immunity; transplacental transfer