title: Apolipoprotein A-IV: a protein intimately involved in metabolism.
abstract: The purpose of this review is to summarize our current understanding of the physiological roles of apoA-IV in metabolism, and to underscore the potential for apoA-IV to be a focus for new therapies aimed at the treatment of diabetes and obesity-related disorders. ApoA-IV is primarily synthesized by the small intestine, attached to chylomicrons by enterocytes, and secreted into intestinal lymph during fat absorption. In circulation, apoA-IV is associated with HDL and chylomicron remnants, but a large portion is lipoprotein free. Due to its anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory properties, and because it can mediate reverse-cholesterol transport, proposed functions of circulating apoA-IV have been related to protection from cardiovascular disease. This review, however, focuses primarily on several properties of apoA-IV that impact other metabolic functions related to food intake, obesity, and diabetes. In addition to participating in triglyceride absorption, apoA-IV can act as an acute satiation factor through both peripheral and central routes of action. It also modulates glucose homeostasis through incretin-like effects on insulin secretion, and by moderating hepatic glucose production. While apoA-IV receptors remain to be conclusively identified, the latter modes of action suggest that this protein holds therapeutic promise for treating metabolic disease.
authors: Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45237.
authors: Fei
authors: F
authors: Wang
authors: Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut Advanced Technology Laboratory, Storrs, CT 06269.
authors: Alison B
authors: AB
authors: Kohan
authors: Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45237.
authors: Chun-Min
authors: CM
authors: Lo
authors: Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45237.
authors: Min
authors: M
authors: Liu
authors: Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45237.
authors: Philip
authors: P
authors: Howles
authors: Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45237.
authors: Patrick
authors: P
authors: Tso
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001054:Apolipoproteins A / Q000378:metabolism*; D050110:Bariatric Surgery; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D008660:Metabolism
chemical_list: D001054:Apolipoproteins A; C022205:apolipoprotein A-IV
keywords: chylomicron; diabetes; glucose tolerance; incretins; intestinal lipid transport; lymph fistula mouse model; obesity
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