title: Pancreatic juice prostaglandin e2 concentrations are elevated in chronic pancreatitis and improve detection of early disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Chronic pancreatitis (CP) may be difficult to diagnose in early stages. We aimed to measure pancreatic juice (PJ) prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) concentrations to determine whether they are elevated in CP and improve diagnosis of early disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  We measured PJ PGE2 in 10 patients with established CP, 25 patients who met criteria for "minimal change" chronic pancreatitis (MCCP), and 10 normal control participants.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Median PJ PGE2 was elevated in CP (307 pg/ml, IQR (249-362)) and MCCP (568 pg/ml, (418-854)) compared with normal controls (104 pg/ml, (68-206)) (P≤ 0.001). Area under receiving operator curve (AUROC) for diagnosis of CP and MCCP was 0.9 and 0.62, respectively, for PJ bicarbonate concentration alone; AUROC was 1.0 and 0.94 for the combination of PJ bicarbonate and PGE2 concentrations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PJ PGE2 appears to be a biomarker for CP and is elevated in both established and "minimal change" chronic pancreatitis.
authors: Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
authors: Barham K
authors: BK
authors: Abu Dayyeh
authors: The Center for Pancreatic Disease, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endoscopy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
authors: Darwin
authors: D
authors: Conwell
authors: Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
authors: Navtej S
authors: NS
authors: Buttar
authors: The Center for Pancreatic Disease, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endoscopy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
authors: Vivek
authors: V
authors: Kadilaya
authors: Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
authors: Philip A
authors: PA
authors: Hart
authors: Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
authors: Nikola A
authors: NA
authors: Baumann
authors: Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
authors: Benjamin L
authors: BL
authors: Bick
authors: Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
authors: Suresh T
authors: ST
authors: Chari
authors: Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
authors: Sonia
authors: S
authors: Chowdhary
authors: Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
authors: Jonathan E
authors: JE
authors: Clain
authors: Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
authors: Ferga C
authors: FC
authors: Gleeson
authors: The Center for Pancreatic Disease, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endoscopy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
authors: Linda S
authors: LS
authors: Lee
authors: Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
authors: Michael J
authors: MJ
authors: Levy
authors: Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
authors: Randall K
authors: RK
authors: Pearson
authors: Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
authors: Bret T
authors: BT
authors: Petersen
authors: Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
authors: Elizabeth
authors: E
authors: Rajan
authors: Department of Pathology and Proteomics Center, Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
authors: Hanno
authors: H
authors: Steen
authors: The Center for Pancreatic Disease, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endoscopy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
authors: Shadeah
authors: S
authors: Suleiman
authors: The Center for Pancreatic Disease, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endoscopy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
authors: Peter A
authors: PA
authors: Banks
authors: Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
authors: Santhi S
authors: SS
authors: Vege
authors: Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
authors: Mark
authors: M
authors: Topazian
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