title: Phototherapy with LED light modulates healing processes in an in vitro scratch-wound model using 3 different cell types.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  An effective way of modulating wound healing processes, including proliferation and apoptosis, is low-level light therapy. Because of several disadvantages of lasers, light-emitting diodes (LEDs) could be more feasible light sources.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate and compare the effects of blue and red light from LEDs on different cell types in an in vitro scratch-wound model.
  
  
  METHODS
  Monolayers of C2C12 myoblasts, NIH/3T3 fibroblasts, and BICR10 keratinocytes were injured by mechanical scraping. Cells were illuminated on 5 consecutive days for 10 minutes by LED at 470 or 630 nm. Effects of light on in vitro wound healing were evaluated by analyzing time to closure, proliferation, apoptosis, and necrosis rates.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Illumination substantially affected cell viability and cell growth. Blue light strongly decreased proliferation and augmented apoptosis in all 3 cell types and increased necrosis rates in C2C12 and NIH/3T3 cells. In contrast, red light did not alter apoptosis in either cell type but promoted proliferation in all 3 cell types with significant effects in C2C12 and NIH/3T3 cells and shortened time to closure in all 3 cell types.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Light-emitting diode light illumination could be a therapeutic option and positively affect wound healing processes. By choosing appropriate wavelengths, variable effects can be achieved.
authors: *Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, AUVA Research Center, Vienna, Austria; †Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria; ‡Department of Biochemical Engineering, University of Applied Sciences Technikum Wien, Vienna, Austria; §Department of Experimental Trauma Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany.
authors: Andreas
authors: A
authors: Teuschl
authors: Elizabeth Rosado
authors: ER
authors: Balmayor
authors: Heinz
authors: H
authors: Redl
authors: Martijn
authors: M
authors: van Griensven
authors: Peter
authors: P
authors: Dungel
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000528:radiation effects; D002460:Cell Line; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000528:radiation effects; D015603:Keratinocytes; D008027:Light; D028022:Low-Level Light Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D051379:Mice; D032342:Muscle Cells; D041681:NIH 3T3 Cells; D009336:Necrosis; D013997:Time Factors; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000528:radiation effects*