title: Implementing new northernmost records to modelling the distribution of Hypsiboas caingua (Anura: Hylidae) in South America.
abstract: New northwestern records of the striped treefrog Hypsiboas caingua (Carrizo, 1991 "1990") are presented for Brazil, extending its known geographic distribution approximately 115 km northward (linear distance) of the previous northernmost record of the species. In all new localities, individuals of H. caingua were only found in calling activity under temperatures below 18°C. The species appears to be associated with Atlantic Forest, although it had already been recorded in Cerrado. Although the scientific literature data suggests that H. caingua presents discontinuous geographical distribution, three methods of distribution modelling based on climatic data show that the species' distribution is continuous. The gap in the distribution may be related to the lack of field surveys in the regions that connect these populations, especially in colder periods. Nevertheless, factors other than climate might also be responsible for the current distribution of H. caingua, since the species was absent in well-surveyed sites situated between the areas of modeled distribution. Therefore, further studies on natural history, populations' genetic structure, and geographic distribution models implementing factors other than climate will be important to elucidate some ecological and evolutionary aspects of the distribution of H. caingua in South America.
authors: Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul - UFMS, Cidade Universitária, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil.
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Delatorre
authors: Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Ciências de Bauru, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho - UNESP, Bauru, SP, Brazil.
authors: T S
authors: TS
authors: Vasconcelos
authors: Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul - UFMS, Cidade Universitária, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil.
authors: N L
authors: NL
authors: Cunha
authors: Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul - UFMS, Cidade Universitária, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil.
authors: F I
authors: FI
authors: Martins
authors: Ictiologia e Aqüicultura, Laboratório de Ictioparasitologia, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais, Universidade Estadual de Maringá - UEM, Maringá, PR, Brazil.
authors: F H
authors: FH
authors: Oda
authors: Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul - UFMS, Campus Universitário de Aquidauana - CPAQ, Aquidauana, MS, Brazil.
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Aoki
authors: Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul - UFMS, Campus Universitário de Aquidauana - CPAQ, Aquidauana, MS, Brazil.
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Landgref-Filho
mesh_terms: D063147:Animal Distribution; D000818:Animals; D001001:Anura / Q000145:classification*; D001938:Brazil; D002980:Climate; D008954:Models, Biological; D011156:Population Density; D011157:Population Dynamics