title: Histological investigation of the effect of soybean (Glycine max) extracts on the collagen layer and estrogen receptors in the skin of female rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of soybean extracts obtained using different extraction methods on the skin of female rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 64 female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 8 equal groups. Various extracts were administered to the female rats by oral gavage for one month. The groups comprised carboxymethyl cellulose-free control, carboxymethyl cellulose-plus control, 100-mg/kg n-hexane extract, 200-mg/kg n-hexane extract, 100-mg/kg ethyl acetate extract, 200-mg/kg ethyl acetate extract, 100-mg/kg ethanol extract and 200-mg/kg ethanol extract groups. The thickness of the collagen layer and the number of estrogen receptor-positive cells were evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All the extract-treated groups showed a statistically significant decrease in the number of estrogen receptor-positive cells compared with the control groups. Regarding the thickness of the collagen layer, only the 200-mg/kg ethyl acetate extract-treated group showed a significant increase compared with the control groups (p<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data suggest that oral intake of three different total soybean extracts might have positive estrogenic effects on the skin and that only a high-dose ethyl acetate extract can increase the expression of collagen, which may prove to be beneficial for postmenopausal facial skin.
authors: Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Sifa University, Izmir, Turkey.
authors: Belkiz
authors: B
authors: Uyar
authors: Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Sifa University, Izmir, Turkey.
authors: Oya Nermin
authors: ON
authors: Sivrikoz
authors: Department of Anesthesia, Faculty of Medicine, Sifa University, Izmir, Turkey.
authors: Ugur
authors: U
authors: Ozdemir
authors: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Bozok University, Yozgat, Turkey.
authors: Teslima
authors: T
authors: Dasbasi
authors: Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Sifa University, Izmir, Turkey.
authors: Handan
authors: H
authors: Sacar
mesh_terms: D000085:Acetates / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D003094:Collagen / Q000032:analysis* / Q000187:drug effects; D000431:Ethanol / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D006586:Hexanes / Q000494:pharmacology; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D048789:Phytoestrogens / Q000494:pharmacology; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen / Q000032:analysis* / Q000187:drug effects; D012016:Reference Values; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012867:Skin / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects*; D013025:Glycine max / Q000737:chemistry*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000085:Acetates; D006586:Hexanes; D048789:Phytoestrogens; D010936:Plant Extracts; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen; C026385:n-hexane; D000431:Ethanol; C007650:ethyl acetate; D003094:Collagen
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