title: Ammonia stress on the carbon metabolism of Ceratophyllum demersum.
abstract: In the present study, carefully controlled pH ranges (7 and 9) were used to distinguish between the effects of un-ionized NH3 and the NH4 (+) ion. The objective was to find the effect of different total ammonia nitrogen concentrations and pH values on the carbon metabolism of Ceratophyllum demersum. The authors investigated the effects of ammonia on the nonstructural carbohydrate content in shoots of C. demersum. Ammonia treatment decreased the contents of nonstructural carbohydrate, soluble sugar, sucrose, fructose, and starch in leaves. Meanwhile, increasing the pH value exacerbated the decline of the C. demersum nonstructural carbohydrate content. In addition, the activity of invertase was increased during the experiment. These results suggest that ammonia severely inhibits plant growth by disturbing nonstructural carbohydrate content. It has been suggested that ammonia has toxic effects on C. demersum and that the higher the pH in water, the more obvious the physiological responses that C. demersum exhibits. The results of the present study can provide some reference for studying the living conditions of submersed macrophytes under the stress of NH3.
authors: Research Institute of Environmental Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; School of Resource and Environmental Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
authors: Jingqing
authors: J
authors: Gao
authors: Linshuai
authors: L
authors: Li
authors: Zhiyuan
authors: Z
authors: Hu
authors: Songfeng
authors: S
authors: Zhu
authors: Ruiqin
authors: R
authors: Zhang
authors: Zhiting
authors: Z
authors: Xiong
mesh_terms: D000641:Ammonia / Q000633:toxicity*; D050260:Carbohydrate Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects; D002244:Carbon / Q000378:metabolism*; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000633:toxicity*; D005068:Eutrophication; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D060106:Lakes; D019684:Magnoliopsida / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D018520:Plant Shoots / Q000378:metabolism; D043324:beta-Fructofuranosidase / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D002244:Carbon; D000641:Ammonia; D043324:beta-Fructofuranosidase
keywords: Ammonia; Carbon metabolism; Ceratophyllum demersum; Eutrophic lake; Stress