title: Determinants of dietary behavior among youth: an umbrella review.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The literature on determinants of dietary behavior among youth is extensive and unwieldy. We conducted an umbrella review or review-of-reviews to present a comprehensive overview of the current knowledge.
  
  
  METHODS
  Therefore, we included systematic reviews identified in four databases (i.e. PubMed, PsycINFO, The Cochrane Library and Web of Science) that summarized determinants of observable child and adolescent dietary behaviors. Data extraction included a judgment of the importance of determinants, strength of evidence and evaluation of the methodological quality of the eligible reviews.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In total, 17 reviews were considered eligible. Whereas social-cognitive determinants were addressed most intensively towards the end of the 20th century, environmental determinants (particularly social and physical environmental) have been studied most extensively during the past decade, thereby representing a paradigm shift. With regard to environmental determinants, mixed findings were reported. Sedentary behavior and intention were found to be significant determinants of a wide range of dietary behaviors in most reviews with limited suggestive evidence due to the cross-sectional study designs. Other potential determinants such as automaticity, self-regulation and subjective norm have been studied in relatively few studies, but results are promising.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The multitude of studies conducted on potential determinants of dietary behavior provides quite convincing evidence of the importance of several determinants (i.e. quite some variables were significantly related to dietary behavior). However, because of the often used weak research designs in the studies covered in the available reviews, the evidence for true determinants is suggestive at best.
authors: Department of Health Promotion, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center+, PO Box 616, Maastricht, 6200, MD, the Netherlands. Ester.Sleddens@maastrichtuniversity.nl.
authors: Ester F C
authors: EF
authors: Sleddens
authors: Department of Health Sciences and the EMGO+ Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. w.kroeze@vu.nl.
authors: Willemieke
authors: W
authors: Kroeze
authors: Department of Health Promotion, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center+, PO Box 616, Maastricht, 6200, MD, the Netherlands. leonie_kohl@hotmail.com.
authors: Leonie F M
authors: LF
authors: Kohl
authors: Department of Health Sciences and the EMGO+ Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. laura_marcella@hotmail.com.
authors: Laura M
authors: LM
authors: Bolten
authors: Department of Health Sciences and the EMGO+ Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. e.velema@vu.nl.
authors: Elizabeth
authors: E
authors: Velema
authors: Medical Library, VU University Amsterdam, PO Box 7057, 1007 MB, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. p.j.kaspers@vu.nl.
authors: Pam J
authors: PJ
authors: Kaspers
authors: Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics and the EMGO+ Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. j.brug@vumc.nl.
authors: Johannes
authors: J
authors: Brug
authors: Department of Health Promotion, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center+, PO Box 616, Maastricht, 6200, MD, the Netherlands. s.kremers@maastrichtuniversity.nl.
authors: Stef P J
authors: SP
authors: Kremers
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D004032:Diet; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D006801:Humans; D033182:Intention; D008019:Life Style
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