title: Flavonoid interactions during digestion, absorption, distribution and metabolism: a sequential structure-activity/property relationship-based approach in the study of bioavailability and bioactivity.
abstract: Flavonoids are a group of polyphenols that provide health-promoting benefits upon consumption. However, poor bioavailability has been a major hurdle in their use as drugs or nutraceuticals. Low bioavailability has been associated with flavonoid interactions at various stages of the digestion, absorption and distribution process, which is strongly affected by their molecular structure. In this review, we use structure-activity/property relationship to discuss various flavonoid interactions with food matrices, digestive enzymes, intestinal transporters and blood proteins. This approach reveals specific bioactive properties of flavonoids in the gastrointestinal tract as well as various barriers for their bioavailability. In the last part of this review, we use these insights to determine the effect of different structural characteristics on the overall bioavailability of flavonoids. Such information is crucial when flavonoid or flavonoid derivatives are used as active ingredients in foods or drugs.
authors: Department of Food Safety and Food Quality, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University , Gent , Belgium .
authors: Gerard Bryan
authors: GB
authors: Gonzales
authors: Guy
authors: G
authors: Smagghe
authors: Charlotte
authors: C
authors: Grootaert
authors: Moises
authors: M
authors: Zotti
authors: Katleen
authors: K
authors: Raes
authors: John
authors: J
authors: Van Camp
mesh_terms: D001682:Biological Availability; D001711:Biotransformation; D004063:Digestion / Q000502:physiology*; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000494:pharmacology; D018565:Food-Drug Interactions; D065569:Gastrointestinal Absorption; D041981:Gastrointestinal Tract / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D006900:Hydroxylation; D015394:Molecular Structure; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D014018:Tissue Distribution
chemical_list: D005419:Flavonoids
keywords: ABC transporters; QSAR; amylase; flavonoids; glucuronidation; lipase; mucus layer; protein–flavonoid interaction; sulfation