title: Evaluation of thymosin α 1 in nonclinical models of the immune-suppressing indications melanoma and sepsis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Recent understanding of the complex pathophysiology of melanoma and severe sepsis suggests that immune-modulating compounds such as thymosin alpha 1 (INN: thymalfasin; abbreviated Ta1) could be useful in the treatment of these two unrelated immune-suppressing indications.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three nonclinical murine models were utilized, including: i) a lung metastasis B16 model; ii) a B16-based tumor growth model; and iii) a cecal-ligation and puncture (CLP) sepsis model.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the lung metastasis model, Ta1 treatment alone led to a 32% decrease in metastases (p < 0.05). Additionally, combinations of Ta1 and an anti-PD-1 antibody led to significantly fewer metastases than vehicle. In the tumor growth model, significant decreases in tumor growth were seen: 34% (p = 0.015) to 46% (p = 0.001) depending on the Ta1 dose. In the CLP sepsis model, Ta1 treatment showed a positive trend towards increased survival and decreased bacterial load. In this CLP model, Ta1 also appeared to have an effect on the levels of some biomarkers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  All three models demonstrated a benefit after treatment with Ta1, with no evidence of toxicity. These initial pilot studies support the hypothesis that immune-suppressive indications, including sepsis and melanoma, may be treated with Ta1 alone or by Ta1 in combination with other immunotherapies.
authors: SciClone Pharmaceuticals, Inc. , 950 Tower Lane, Suite 900, Foster City, CA, 94404 , USA +1 650 358 3459 ; +1 650 350 4862 ; rking@sciclone.com.
authors: Robert S
authors: RS
authors: King
authors: Cynthia
authors: C
authors: Tuthill
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D008546:Melanoma, Experimental / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice; D018805:Sepsis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology; D000077596:Thymalfasin; D013947:Thymosin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D013947:Thymosin; D000077596:Thymalfasin
keywords: anti-PD-1; immunotherapy; melanoma; sepsis; thymalfasin; thymosin alpha 1