title: Clinical Manifestations among Children with Chronic Functional Constipation.
abstract: BACKGROUND Constipation is one of the most frequent cause of patient visits to pediatric gastroenterology clinics. Early diagnosis and treatment is important. There are few studies about clinical manifestations of constipation in children. We aimed to find the relative frequency of gastrointestinal manifestations of constipation among constipated children. METHODS This cross-sectional study was carried out on children aged < 18 years old with chronic functional constipation referred to Imam Reza Clinic of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. Children with organic causes of chronic constipation were excluded from study. Rome III criteria were used for defining constipation. The duration of study was 1 year starting from September 2010. Abdominal pain, fecal mass, rectal bleeding, anorexia, fecal soiling, retentive posture, withholding behavior, anal fissure, and peri-anal erythema were recorded for each case based on history and physical examination. Data were analyzed using SPSS software, version 13.0 (Chicago, IL, USA). RESULTS Of 222 children with functional constipation, 124(55.9%) were girls and 98 (44.1%) were boys with a mean ± SD age of 5±3.12 years. The mean ± SD duration of constipation was 2.2±1.9 years. Large and hard stool was present in 93.7% of the patients. Painful defecation and withholding behavior were seen in 92.3% and 91.9% of the patients, respectively. Fecal impaction was more frequent among boys compared with girls (p<0.01). Fecal soiling was present in 40.8% of the boys and 28.2% of the girls (p=0.04). CONCLUSION Large and hard stool, painful defecation and withholding behavior were the most frequent signs or symptoms among children with chronic functional constipation. Fresh rectal bleeding and anal fissure were the least frequent signs and symptoms in this group.
authors: 1. Professor, Gastroenterohepatology Research Center, Shiraz Transplant Research Center, Nemazee Teaching Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
authors: Seyed Mohsen
authors: SM
authors: Dehghani
authors: 2. Medical Student, Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Nemazee Teaching Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
authors: Niloofar
authors: N
authors: Kulouee
authors: 3. Assistant Professor, Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Gastroenterohepatology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran .
authors: Naser
authors: N
authors: Honar
authors: 1. Professor, Gastroenterohepatology Research Center, Shiraz Transplant Research Center, Nemazee Teaching Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
authors: Mohammad-Hadi
authors: MH
authors: Imanieh
authors: 1. Professor, Gastroenterohepatology Research Center, Shiraz Transplant Research Center, Nemazee Teaching Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
authors: Mahmood
authors: M
authors: Haghighat
authors: 4. Fellow of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Gastroenterohepatology Reseach Center, Nemazee Teaching Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
authors: Hazhir
authors: H
authors: Javaherizadeh
keywords: Chronic functional constipation; Fecal impaction; Fecal soling; Fissure
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