title: Predictors of long-term clinical endpoints in patients with refractory angina.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Clinical outcomes in patients with refractory angina (RA) are poorly characterized and variably described. Using the Duke Database for Cardiovascular Disease (DDCD), we explored characteristics that drive clinical endpoints in patients with class II to IV angina stabilized on medical therapy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We explored clinical endpoints and associated costs of patients who underwent catheterization at Duke University Medical Center from 1997 to 2010 for evaluation of coronary artery disease (CAD) and were found to have advanced CAD ineligible for additional revascularization, and were clinically stable for a minimum of 60 days. Of 77 257 cardiac catheterizations performed, 1908 patients met entry criteria. The 3-year incidence of death; cardiac rehospitalization; and a composite of death, myocardial infarction, stroke, cardiac rehospitalization, and revascularization were 13.0%, 43.5%, and 52.2%, respectively. Predictors of mortality included age, ejection fraction (EF), low body mass index, multivessel CAD, low heart rate, diabetes, diastolic blood pressure, history of coronary artery bypass graft surgery, cigarette smoking, history of congestive heart failure (CHF), and race. Multivessel CAD, EF<45%, and history of CHF increased risk of mortality; angina class and prior revascularization did not. Total rehospitalization costs over a 3-year period per patient were $10 185 (95% CI 8458, 11912) in 2012 US dollars.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Clinically stable patients with RA who are medically managed have a modest mortality, but a high incidence of hospitalization and resource use over 3 years. These findings point to the need for novel therapies aimed at symptom mitigation in this population and their potential impact on health care utilization and costs.
authors: Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC (T.J.P., S.B., K.J.A., L.K.S., M.O., E.L.E., P.K.S., J.H.A.).
authors: Thomas J
authors: TJ
authors: Povsic
authors: Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC (T.J.P., S.B., K.J.A., L.K.S., M.O., E.L.E., P.K.S., J.H.A.).
authors: Samuel
authors: S
authors: Broderick
authors: Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC (T.J.P., S.B., K.J.A., L.K.S., M.O., E.L.E., P.K.S., J.H.A.).
authors: Kevin J
authors: KJ
authors: Anstrom
authors: Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC (T.J.P., S.B., K.J.A., L.K.S., M.O., E.L.E., P.K.S., J.H.A.).
authors: Linda K
authors: LK
authors: Shaw
authors: Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC (T.J.P., S.B., K.J.A., L.K.S., M.O., E.L.E., P.K.S., J.H.A.) Program for Advanced Coronary Disease, Duke Medicine, Durham, NC (M.O.).
authors: E Magnus
authors: EM
authors: Ohman
authors: Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC (T.J.P., S.B., K.J.A., L.K.S., M.O., E.L.E., P.K.S., J.H.A.).
authors: Eric L
authors: EL
authors: Eisenstein
authors: Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC (T.J.P., S.B., K.J.A., L.K.S., M.O., E.L.E., P.K.S., J.H.A.).
authors: Peter K
authors: PK
authors: Smith
authors: Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC (T.J.P., S.B., K.J.A., L.K.S., M.O., E.L.E., P.K.S., J.H.A.).
authors: John H
authors: JH
authors: Alexander
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000787:Angina Pectoris / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality* / Q000628:therapy*; D001794:Blood Pressure; D015992:Body Mass Index; D006328:Cardiac Catheterization / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass / Q000009:adverse effects; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D009204:Myocardial Revascularization / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011379:Prognosis; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000453:epidemiology; D020521:Stroke / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D013997:Time Factors
keywords: angina; chronic ischemic heart disease; coronary artery disease; outcomes; refractory angina; resource use
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