title: Determination of trace labile copper in environmental waters by magnetic nanoparticle solid phase extraction and high-performance chelation ion chromatography.
abstract: Cobalt magnetic nanoparticles surface functionalised with iminodiacetic acid were evaluated as a nano-particulate solid phase extraction absorbent for copper ions (Cu(2+)) from environmental water samples. Using an external magnetic field, the collector nanoparticles could be separated from the aqueous phase, and adsorbed ions simply decomplexed using dilute HNO3. Effects of pH, buffer concentration, sample and sorbent volume, extraction equilibrium time, and interfering ion concentration on extraction efficiency were investigated. Optimal conditions were then applied to the extraction of Cu(2+) ions from natural water samples, prior to their quantitation using high-performance chelation ion chromatography. The limits of detection (LOD) of the combined extraction and chromatographic method were ~0.1 ng ml(-1), based upon a 100-fold preconcentration factor (chromatographic performance; LOD=9.2 ng ml(-1) Cu(2+)), analytical linear range from 20 to 5000 ng mL(-1), and relative standard deviations=4.9% (c=1000 ng ml(-1), n=7). Accuracy and precision of the combined approach was verified using a certified reference standard estuarine water sample (SLEW-2) and comparison of sample determinations with sector field inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Recoveries from the addition of Cu(2+) to impacted estuarine and rain water samples were 103.5% and 108.5%, respectively. Coastal seawater samples, both with and without prior UV irradiation and dissolved organic matter removal were also investigated using the new methodology. The effect of DOM concentration on copper availability was demonstrated.
authors: Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China; Australian Centre for Research on Separation Sciences (ACROSS), School of Physical Sciences, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 75, Hobart 7001, Tasmania, Australia.
authors: Z
authors: Z
authors: Wei
authors: Australian Centre for Research on Separation Sciences (ACROSS), School of Physical Sciences, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 75, Hobart 7001, Tasmania, Australia.
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Sandron
authors: Central Science laboratory, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 74, Hobart 7001, Tasmania, Australia.
authors: A T
authors: AT
authors: Townsend
authors: Australian Centre for Research on Separation Sciences (ACROSS), School of Physical Sciences, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 75, Hobart 7001, Tasmania, Australia.
authors: P N
authors: PN
authors: Nesterenko
authors: Australian Centre for Research on Separation Sciences (ACROSS), School of Physical Sciences, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 75, Hobart 7001, Tasmania, Australia. Electronic address: Brett.Paull@utas.edu.au.
authors: B
authors: B
authors: Paull
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D002614:Chelating Agents / Q000737:chemistry*; D002845:Chromatography; D003035:Cobalt / Q000737:chemistry*; D003300:Copper / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D007098:Imino Acids / Q000737:chemistry*; D060328:Magnetic Phenomena; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D011891:Rain / Q000737:chemistry; D012623:Seawater / Q000032:analysis; D052616:Solid Phase Extraction; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D002614:Chelating Agents; D007098:Imino Acids; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D003035:Cobalt; D003300:Copper; C008109:iminodiacetic acid
keywords: Chelation ion chromatography; Copper; Dissolved organic matter; Magnetic nanoparticles; Solid phase extraction