title: Maternal Lipopolysaccharide Exposure Promotes Immunological Functional Changes in Adult Offspring CD4+ T Cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Maternal immune activation (MIA) is a risk factor for autism and schizophrenia. However, how MIA affects offspring immune function remains unknown.
  
  
  METHODS
  To investigate the effect of MIA on the offspring, pregnant C57BL/6J mice were given an intraperitoneal injection of 50 μg/kg lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on gestational day 12.5.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Adult LPS-treated offspring were hyper-reactive to LPS, and enhanced tumor necrosis factor-α production was observed. CD4+ T cells from LPS offspring had an elevated percentage of interferon (IFN)-γ(+) CD4+ T cells and interleukin (IL)-17A+ CD4+ T cells in the spleen, IL-17A+ CD4+ T cells in the liver, and CD4+ Foxp3+ T cells in the spleen. LPS offspring CD4+ T cells showed increased proliferation and an enhanced survival rate. DNA microarray analysis of resting LPS offspring CD4+ T cells identified eight up-regulated genes, most of which encoded transcription factors. Quantitative liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry identified 18 up-regulated proteins in resting LPS offspring CD4+ T cells and five up-regulated proteins in activated LPS offspring CD4+ T cells, most of which participated in the PANTHER Gene Ontology metabolic process.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results showed that MIA to LPS up-regulated proteins involved in metabolic process in CD4+ T cells from LPS offspring that might contribute to the hyperactivated immune response of adult LPS offspring.
authors: State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.
authors: Rong
authors: R
authors: Luan
authors: State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.
authors: Hao
authors: H
authors: Cheng
authors: Caner Research Center, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.|Periodical Department, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China.
authors: Lin
authors: L
authors: Li
authors: Department of Zoology and Developmental Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.
authors: Qiang
authors: Q
authors: Zhao
authors: State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.
authors: Hui
authors: H
authors: Liu
authors: State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.
authors: Zhenzhou
authors: Z
authors: Wu
authors: State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.
authors: Liqing
authors: L
authors: Zhao
authors: Caner Research Center, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
authors: Jinghua
authors: J
authors: Yang
authors: Biomedical Translational Research Institute, International Immunology Center, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
authors: Jianlei
authors: J
authors: Hao
authors: State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.|Biomedical Translational Research Institute, International Immunology Center, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
authors: Zhinan
authors: Z
authors: Yin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001321:Autistic Disorder / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000276:immunology; D020381:Interleukin-17 / Q000276:immunology; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000633:toxicity*; D018811:Maternal Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D051379:Mice; D011247:Pregnancy; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: C098680:Il17a protein, mouse; D020381:Interleukin-17; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D007371:Interferon-gamma
keywords: CD4+ T cells study; lipopolysaccharide; maternal immune activation; mouse model; offspring immune response