title: Effect of Xianziyizhen Recipe Capsule on PGI2-PPARδ Signaling Pathway in Embryo Implantation Dysfunction Mice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We investigated the effect of Xianziyizhen recipe capsule (XRC), a kidney-tonifying herb, on the PGI2-PPARδ signaling pathway at the maternal-fetal interface in embryo implantation dysfunction (EID) mice.
  
  
  METHODS
  Intragastric administration of Progynova (estradiol) or XRC was performed in EID mouse model, following experimental induction of kidney deficiency by co-treatment with chemotherapy drug hydroxyurea and antiprogesterone mifepristone. The PPARδ and IL-11 mRNA expression in endometrium were detected by real-time relative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Further, the protein expression of COX-2, PGI2, MMP-9, and TIMP-3 was detected in endometrial glandular epithelium and in stromal cells by immunohistochemical (IHC) assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results showed that hydroxyurea and mifepristone-induced EID were associated with significantly lower PPARδ and IL-11 mRNA levels in endometrium and reduced COX-2, PGI2, MMP-9, and TIMP-3 levels in endometrial glandular epithelium, compared with normal controls. However, XRC and Progynova treatment reversed these effects, leading to significant increases in PPARδ and IL-11 mRNA expression, and COX-2, PGI2, MMP-9 and TIMP-3 protein levels, when compared with the levels observed in EID mice.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results strongly suggested that XRC is beneficial in EID treatment and that XRC may mediate its effects through regulation of the PGI2-PPARδ signaling pathway.
authors: Department of Gynecology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of TCM, Guangzhou, China.
authors: Min
authors: M
authors: Xu
authors: Department of Gynecology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of TCM, Guangzhou, China.
authors: Ying-Zhou
authors: YZ
authors: Tian
authors: Department of Gynecology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of TCM, Guangzhou, China.
authors: Xiu-Jun
authors: XJ
authors: Zhu
authors: Department of Gynecology, Guangzhou University of TCM, Guangzhou, China.
authors: Xi
authors: X
authors: Zhang
authors: Department of Gynecology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of TCM, Guangzhou, China.
authors: Jing-Yan
authors: JY
authors: Zhu
authors: Department of Gynecology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of TCM, Guangzhou, China.
authors: Chun-Xiao
authors: CX
authors: Gu
authors: Department of Gynecology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of TCM, Guangzhou, China.
authors: Yi
authors: Y
authors: Chen
authors: Department of Gynecology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of TCM, Guangzhou, China.
authors: Jian-Ling
authors: JL
authors: Huang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000276:immunology; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010064:Embryo Implantation / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D004717:Endometrium / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology*; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology; D011464:Epoprostenol / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D017370:Interleukin-11 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000276:immunology; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice; D011247:Pregnancy; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D017154:Stromal Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology; D019717:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-3 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; D017370:Interleukin-11; C091778:Ppard protein, mouse; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear; D019717:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-3; D011464:Epoprostenol; C077623:Ptgs2 protein, mouse; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9; C501830:Mmp9 protein, mouse
keywords: COX-2; MMP-9; TIMP-3; Xianziyizhen recipe capsule; embryo implantation dysfunction; signal transduction