title: Introduction: contexts and concepts of adaptability and plasticity in 20th-century plant science.
abstract: Nowhere is the problem of understanding the complex linkages between organisms and their environments more apparent than in the science of plants. Today, efforts by scientists to predict and manage the biological consequences of shifting global and regional climates depend on understanding how organisms respond morphologically, physiologically, and behaviorally to changes in their environments. Investigating organismal "adaptability" (or "plasticity") is rarely straightforward, prompting controversy and discourse among and between ecologists and agricultural scientists. Concepts like agro-climatic adaptation, phenotypic plasticity, and genotype-environment interaction (GxE) are key to those debates, and their complex histories have imbued them with assumptions and meanings that are consequential but often opaque. This special section explores the diverse ways in which organismal adaptability has been conceptualized and investigated in the second half of the 20th century, and the multifarious political, economic, environmental, and intellectual contexts in which those conceptions have emerged and evolved. The papers in this section bring together perspectives from the histories of agriculture, population ecology, evolutionary theory, and plant physiology, cutting across Asian, North American, and British contexts. As a whole, this section highlights not only the diversity of meanings of "adaptability" and "plasticity," but also the complex linkages between those meanings, the scientific practices and technologies in which they are embedded, and the ends toward which those practices and technologies are employed.
authors: School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, PO Box 873301, Tempe, AZ 85287-3301, USA.
authors: Marci
authors: M
authors: Baranski
authors: School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, PO Box 873301, Tempe, AZ 85287-3301, USA. Electronic address: erick.peirson@asu.edu.
authors: B R Erick
authors: BR
authors: Peirson
mesh_terms: D000220:Adaptation, Biological; D005075:Biological Evolution; D001901:Botany / Q000266:history*; D049673:History, 20th Century; D010641:Phenotype; D010944:Plants / Q000235:genetics*