title: Minimally invasive surgical management of early-stage cervical cancer: an analysis of the risk factors of surgical complications and of oncologic outcomes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to evaluate the morbidity and the oncologic outcomes of laparoscopic radical hysterectomy in treating early-stage cervical cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  We included all patients with early-stage cervical cancer (IA, IB1, IIA1, and IIB), as assessed by the Federation International of Gynecology and Obstetrics staging criteria, undergoing laparoscopic radical hysterectomy from January 1999 to December 2013 in our center. Morbidity was classified according to the Clavien and Dindo classification.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 170 patients were included in which 7 patients were in stage IA2, 150 in IB1, 2 in IIA, and 7 in IIB. The mean operation time was 256 minutes (67-495 minutes). Fourteen severe perioperative complications (8.2%) occurred, in which 5 patients (2.9%) required conversion to an open procedure: 3 bowel injuries, 3 hemorrhages, 2 ureteral injuries, 3 bladder injuries, 2 severe adhesions, and 1 intolerance to the Trendelenburg position. Fourteen patients (8.2%) presented with 1 severe postoperative complication (grade III or more). Two factors appeared as independent risk factors for perioperative and/or postoperative complications: the tumor size (odds ratio, 1.128; 95% confidence interval, 1.054-1.207) and operative time (odds ratio, 1.0116; 95% confidence interval, 1.003-1.020). In a median follow-up of 47.7 months, the 5-year overall survival was 94.1% (range, 88.1%-97.3%), and the 5-year disease-free survival was 88.8% (range, 81.0%-92.6%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The laparoscopic approach was favorable for both perioperative and postoperative morbidity. With the advantage of minimal invasiveness, laparoscopic treatment by experienced surgeons is an alternative for early-stage cervical cancer with correct long-term survival outcomes. Mini-invasive surgery could be the standard in early-stage cervical cancer.
authors: *Département de Cancérologie Gynécologique and †Département de Statisitiques, Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer Oscar Lambret, Lille, France.
authors: Charles
authors: C
authors: Garabedian
authors: Benjamin
authors: B
authors: Merlot
authors: Lucie
authors: L
authors: Bresson
authors: Emmanuelle
authors: E
authors: Tresch
authors: Fabrice
authors: F
authors: Narducci
authors: Eric
authors: E
authors: Leblanc
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007044:Hysterectomy / Q000401:mortality*; D010535:Laparoscopy; D008197:Lymph Node Excision; D008875:Middle Aged; D019060:Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures / Q000401:mortality*; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D061646:Operative Time; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*