title: Ethnic-specific associations of sleep duration and daytime napping with prevalent type 2 diabetes in postmenopausal women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to evaluate ethnic differences in the associations of nighttime sleep and daytime napping durations with prevalent type 2 diabetes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Samples of White (n = 908), Filipina (n = 330), and Black (n = 371) community-dwelling, postmenopausal women aged 50-86 years were evaluated with cross-sectional data obtained during 1992-1999 including self-reported duration of nighttime sleep and daytime napping, behaviors, medical history, and medication use. The prevalence of type 2 diabetes was evaluated with a 2-h 75-g oral glucose tolerance test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, 10.9% of White, 37.8% of Filipina, and 17.8% of Black women had type 2 diabetes. Average sleep durations were 7.3, 6.3, and 6.6 h and napping durations were 16.8, 31.7, and 25.9 min for White, Filipina, and Black women, respectively. Sleep duration showed a significant (p < 0.01) nonlinear association with type 2 diabetes in Filipina women, with increased odds of diabetes at both low and high sleep durations independent of age, body mass index (BMI), triglyceride to high-density lipoprotein (HDL) ratio, hypertension, and daytime napping duration. Daytime napping duration was associated with type 2 diabetes only among White women; those napping ≥ 30 min/day had 74% (95% confidence interval (CI) = 10%, 175%) higher odds of diabetes compared to non-nappers independent of covariates including nighttime sleep duration.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results suggest ethnic-specific associations of nighttime sleep and daytime napping durations with type 2 diabetes.
authors: San Diego State University/University of California, San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Public Health (Epidemiology), CA, United States; Graduate School of Public Health, San Diego State University, Hardy Tower Room 119, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182-4162, United States. Electronic address: ahshadya@ucsd.edu.
authors: Aladdin H
authors: AH
authors: Shadyab
authors: Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Mail code: 0607, La Jolla, CA 92093-0607, United States.
authors: Donna
authors: D
authors: Kritz-Silverstein
authors: Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Mail code: 0607, La Jolla, CA 92093-0607, United States.
authors: Gail A
authors: GA
authors: Laughlin
authors: San Diego County Health and Human Services Agency, Health Services Complex, 3851 Rosecrans Street, Mail stop: P-578, San Diego, CA 92110-3134, United States.
authors: Wilma J
authors: WJ
authors: Wooten
authors: Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Mail code: 0607, La Jolla, CA 92093-0607, United States.
authors: Elizabeth
authors: E
authors: Barrett-Connor
authors: Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Mail code: 0607, La Jolla, CA 92093-0607, United States.
authors: Maria Rosario G
authors: MR
authors: Araneta
mesh_terms: D001741:Black or African American / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002140:California / Q000453:epidemiology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology; D006970:Disorders of Excessive Somnolence / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D010679:Philippines / Q000208:ethnology; D015995:Prevalence; D012890:Sleep / Q000502:physiology; D012892:Sleep Deprivation / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology; D044465:White People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data
keywords: Diabetes; Ethnic differences; Nap duration; Napping; Postmenopausal; Sleep duration