title: The Effects of Babesiosis on Oxidative Stress and DNA Damage in Anatolian Black Goats Naturally Infected with Babesia ovis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A reactive oxygen and nitrogen intermediate produced during an inflammatory response is the important part of host-defense strategies of organisms to kill the parasite. However, it is not well known whether these intermediates cause DNA damage and oxidative stress in goats infected with Babesia ovis. The purpose of this study was to clarify the effects of babesiosis on basal levels of DNA damage and oxidative status of goats naturally infected with B.ovis.
  
  
  METHODS
  DNA damage and antioxidant parameters were determined in B. ovis infected goats. Ten infected Anatolian Black Goats with B. ovis diagnosed via clinical signs and microscopic findings and ten healthy were used in the study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The Babesia infection increased the levels of DNA damage, malondialdehyde (MDA), protein carbonyl content (PCO) and plasma concentration of nitric oxide metabolites (NOx), and decreased total antioxidant activities (AOA) and reduced glutathione (GSH). A significant positive correlation between DNA damage, MDA, PCO, and NOx concentrations was found in the infected goats. DNA damage showed a negative association with AOA and GSH concentrations in the infected goats.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Babesia infection increases oxidative stress markers and DNA damage and decreases AOA in goats. These results suggest that the increases in the production of free radicals due to Babesia infection not only contribute to host-defense strategies of organisms to kill the parasite but also induce oxidative damage in other cells.
authors: Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Afyon Kocatepe, 03030 Afyonkarahisar, Turkey.
authors: Ismail
authors: I
authors: Kucukkurt
authors: Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Literature, University of Afyon Kocatepe, 03030 Afyonkarahisar, Turkey.
authors: I Hakki
authors: IH
authors: Cigerci
authors: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Afyon Kocatepe, 03030 Afyonkarahisar, Turkey.
authors: Sinan
authors: S
authors: Ince
authors: Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Afyon Kocatepe, 03030 Afyonkarahisar, Turkey.
authors: Esma
authors: E
authors: Kozan
authors: Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Balikesir, 10145 Balıkesir, Turkey.
authors: Ismail
authors: I
authors: Aytekin
authors: Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Afyon Kocatepe, 03030 Afyonkarahisar, Turkey.
authors: Abdullah
authors: A
authors: Eryavuz
authors: Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Afyon Kocatepe, 03030 Afyonkarahisar, Turkey.
authors: A Fatih
authors: AF
authors: Fidan
keywords: Antioxidant activity; Babesia ovis; DNA damage; oxidative stress
references: Free Radic Res. 1999 Oct;31(4):273-300
references: 10517533
references: J Lab Clin Med. 1963 May;61:882-8
references: 13967893
references: Mutat Res. 2005 Aug 1;585(1-2):71-8
references: 16005255
references: Res Vet Sci. 2009 Feb;86(1):43-8
references: 18599097
references: Free Radic Biol Med. 2002 Feb 15;32(4):319-32
references: 11841922
references: Carcinogenesis. 2003 Feb;24(2):235-41
references: 12584172
references: Clin Exp Dermatol. 2005 May;30(3):267-71
references: 15807687
references: Infect Immun. 2000 Sep;68(9):5139-45
references: 10948137
references: Am J Clin Nutr. 1996 Jul;64(1):94-100
references: 8669421
references: J Clin Pathol. 2001 May;54(5):356-61
references: 11328833
references: Clin Microbiol Rev. 2000 Jul;13(3):451-69
references: 10885987
references: Exp Cell Res. 1988 Mar;175(1):184-91
references: 3345800
references: Methods Enzymol. 1990;186:464-78
references: 1978225
references: J Am Soc Nephrol. 2001 Dec;12(12):2747-52
references: 11729244
references: J Trace Elem Med Biol. 2010 Jul;24(3):161-4
references: 20569927
references: Vet Parasitol. 2006 May 31;138(1-2):147-60
references: 16504402
references: Parasite. 1994 Mar;1(1):5-13
references: 9140469
references: Pharmacol Rev. 1991 Jun;43(2):109-42
references: 1852778
references: Res Vet Sci. 2004 Aug;77(1):63-6
references: 15120954
references: J Parasitol. 2000 Oct;86(5):1067-72
references: 11128482
references: Methods Enzymol. 1990;186:421-31
references: 2233309
references: Nitric Oxide. 2001 Feb;5(1):62-71
references: 11178938
references: Exp Parasitol. 2010 Apr;124(4):448-52
references: 20045691
references: Vet Immunol Immunopathol. 2002 Jan 15;84(3-4):237-51
references: 11777537
references: Turkiye Parazitol Derg. 2008;32(1):23-6
references: 18351546
references: Am J Physiol. 1996 Nov;271(5 Pt 1):C1424-37
references: 8944624
references: J Diabetes Complications. 2008 Sep-Oct;22(5):348-56
references: 18413208
references: Parasitol Res. 2005 Aug;96(6):367-72
references: 15928904
references: Toxicol Sci. 2005 May;85(1):694-702
references: 15716478
references: Free Radic Biol Med. 1999 Feb;26(3-4):482-90
references: 9895241