title: Colostrum hexasaccharide, a novel Staphylococcus aureus quorum-sensing inhibitor.
abstract: The discovery of quorum-sensing (QS) systems regulating antibiotic resistance and virulence factors (VFs) has afforded a novel opportunity to prevent bacterial pathogenicity. Dietary molecules have been demonstrated to attenuate QS circuits of bacteria. But, to our knowledge, no study exploring the potential of colostrum hexasaccharide (CHS) in regulating QS systems has been published. In this study, we analyzed CHS for inhibiting QS signaling in Staphylococcus aureus. We isolated and characterized CHS from mare colostrum by high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC), reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography evaporative light-scattering detection (RP-HPLC-ELSD), (1)H and (13)C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). Antibiofilm activity of CHS against S. aureus and its possible interference with bacterial QS systems were determined. The inhibition and eradication potentials of the biofilms were studied by microscopic analyses and quantified by 96-well-microtiter-plate assays. Also, the ability of CHS to interfere in bacterial QS by degrading acyl-homoserine lactones (AHLs), one of the most studied signal molecules for Gram-negative bacteria, was evaluated. The results revealed that CHS exhibited promising inhibitory activities against QS-regulated secretion of VFs, including spreading ability, hemolysis, protease, and lipase activities, when applied at a rate of 5 mg/ml. The results of biofilm experiments indicated that CHS is a strong inhibitor of biofilm formation and also has the ability to eradicate it. The potential of CHS to interfere with bacterial QS systems was also examined by degradation of AHLs. Furthermore, it was documented that CHS decreased antibiotic resistance in S. aureus. The results thus give a lead that mare colostrum can be a promising source for isolating a next-generation antibacterial.
authors: Pharmacognosy & Ethnopharmacology Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India Chemistry Department, Lucknow University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Srivastava
authors: Pharmacognosy & Ethnopharmacology Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India brahmasingh99@gmail.com rawataks@rediffmail.com.
authors: B N
authors: BN
authors: Singh
authors: Chemistry Department, Lucknow University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors: D
authors: D
authors: Deepak
authors: Pharmacognosy & Ethnopharmacology Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India brahmasingh99@gmail.com rawataks@rediffmail.com.
authors: A K S
authors: AK
authors: Rawat
authors: Centre of Excellence in Materials Science (Nanomaterials), Z.H. College of Engineering & Technology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors: B R
authors: BR
authors: Singh
mesh_terms: D054742:Acyl-Butyrolactones / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018441:Biofilms / Q000187:drug effects; D002240:Carbohydrate Sequence; D003126:Colostrum / Q000737:chemistry*; D005260:Female; D006461:Hemolysis; D006736:Horses; D006801:Humans; D007211:Indoles / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009844:Oligosaccharides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D053038:Quorum Sensing / Q000187:drug effects*; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects*; D037521:Virulence Factors / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D054742:Acyl-Butyrolactones; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D007211:Indoles; D009844:Oligosaccharides; D037521:Virulence Factors; C000603503:colostrum hexasaccharide; C063155:violacein
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