title: Evaluation of Carotid Atherosclerosis, Peripheral Arterial Disease, and Chronic Kidney Disease in Patients with Exudative Age-Related Macular Degeneration without Coronary Artery Disease or Stroke.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the risk factors for acute atherothrombotic events in patients with exudative age-related macular degeneration (AMD) without a history of coronary artery disease or stroke.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two hundred fifty-nine patents with exudative AMD were evaluated for carotid atherosclerosis, peripheral arterial disease, and chronic kidney disease (CKD).
  
  
  RESULTS
  A mean intima-media thickness of ≥1.0 mm was found in 28.2% of patients; 8.9% of patients had severe carotid artery stenosis. The prevalence rates of severe atherosclerosis with a plaque score >10, peripheral arterial disease, and CKD were 16.6, 5.4, and 32%, respectively. Diabetes mellitus and AMD affecting eyes bilaterally were identified as risk factors for abnormal carotid artery thickening, and age and body mass index were identified as risk factors for CKD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The current study confirmed that potentially 30% of patients with exudative AMD without a history of coronary artery disease or stroke have a high risk of acute atherothrombotic events.
authors: Department of Ophthalmology, Toho University Sakura Medical Center, Chiba, Japan.
authors: Hikari
authors: H
authors: Taniguchi
authors: Tomoaki
authors: T
authors: Shiba
authors: Takatoshi
authors: T
authors: Maeno
authors: Mao
authors: M
authors: Takahashi
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D002340:Carotid Artery Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology*; D059168:Carotid Intima-Media Thickness; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D058729:Peripheral Arterial Disease / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015995:Prevalence; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D020521:Stroke / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D057135:Wet Macular Degeneration / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D008055:Lipids; C517652:hemoglobin A1c protein, human