title: Emergence of human-like H3N2 influenza viruses in pet dogs in Guangxi, China.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  After the 1968 H3N2 pandemic emerged in humans, H3N2 influenza viruses continuously circulated and evolved in nature. An H3N2 variant was circulating in humans in the 1990s and subsequently introduced into the pig population in the 2000s. This virus gradually became the main subtype of swine influenza virus worldwide. However, there were no reports of infections in dogs with this virus.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 2013, 35 nasal swabs from pet dogs were positive for Influenza A virus by RT-PCR. Two viruses were isolated and genetically characterized. In the phylogenetic trees of all gene segments, two H3N2 canine isolates clustered with Moscow/10/99 and most H3N2 swine influenza viruses. These results indicated that two H3N2 CIVs possessed high homology with human/swine influenza viruses, which at the same time exhibited some amino acid substitutions in NA, polymerase basic protein 1 (PB1), and nucleoprotein (NP), which probably were related to the interspecies transmission.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These two viruses share the highest homology with swine H3N2, Moscow/99-like viruses, which indicated that these viruses might originate from swine viruses.
authors: College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, No.100 Daxue Road, Nanning, 530004, People's Republic of China. nancychen161@163.com.
authors: Ying
authors: Y
authors: Chen
authors: College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, No.100 Daxue Road, Nanning, 530004, People's Republic of China. 544032290@qq.com.
authors: Yan-Ning
authors: YN
authors: Mo
authors: Huabo Pet Medical Center, Yufeng District, No.342 Liushi Road, Liuzhou, 545005, People's Republic of China. okhbz@yahoo.com.
authors: Hua-Bo
authors: HB
authors: Zhou
authors: College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, No.100 Daxue Road, Nanning, 530004, People's Republic of China. zuzhangwei@163.com.
authors: Zu-Zhang
authors: ZZ
authors: Wei
authors: Department of Microbiology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10029, USA. guojun.wang@mssm.edu.
authors: Guo-Jun
authors: GJ
authors: Wang
authors: College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, No.100 Daxue Road, Nanning, 530004, People's Republic of China. 398267228@qq.com.
authors: Qing-Xiong
authors: QX
authors: Yu
authors: College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, No.100 Daxue Road, Nanning, 530004, People's Republic of China. 182841043@qq.com.
authors: Xiong
authors: X
authors: Xiao
authors: College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, No.100 Daxue Road, Nanning, 530004, People's Republic of China. 363968194@qq.com.
authors: Wen-Juan
authors: WJ
authors: Yang
authors: College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, No.100 Daxue Road, Nanning, 530004, People's Republic of China. huangweijian-1@163.com.
authors: Wei-Jian
authors: WJ
authors: Huang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002681:China; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000821:virology*; D004285:Dogs; D053122:Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D020125:Mutation, Missense; D009297:Nasal Mucosa / Q000821:virology; D009976:Orthomyxoviridae Infections / Q000662:veterinary* / Q000821:virology; D057805:Pets; D010802:Phylogeny; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000235:genetics; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D017385:Sequence Homology; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D012367:RNA, Viral; D014764:Viral Proteins
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