title: Effects of a dietary supplement on golf drive distance and functional indices of golf performance.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Limited research exists examining the impact of nutrition on golfing performance. This study's purpose was to determine the impact of daily supplementation with an over-the-counter dietary supplement on golf performance.
  
  
  METHODS
  Healthy men (30.3 ± 6.9 y, 183.1 ± 5.6 cm, 86.7 ± 11.9 kg), with a 5-15 handicap were assigned in a double-blind, placebo-controlled manner to ingest for 30 days either a placebo (PLA, n = 13) or a dietary supplement containing creatine monohydrate, coffea arabica fruit extract, calcium fructoborate and vitamin D (Strong Drive™, SD, n = 14). Subjects ingested two daily doses for the first two weeks and one daily dose for the remaining two weeks. Participants followed their normal dietary habits and did not change their physical activity patterns. Two identical testing sessions in a pre/post fashion were completed consisting of a fasting blood sample, anthropometric measurements, 1-RM bench press, upper body power and golf swing performance using their driver and 7-iron. Data were analyzed using two-way mixed factorial ANOVAs and ANCOVA when baseline differences were present. Statistical significance was established a priori at p ≤ 0.05.
  
  
  RESULTS
  ANCOVA revealed significantly greater (post-test) best drive distance (p = 0.04) for SD (+5.0% [+13.6 yards], ES = 0.75) as well as a tendency (p = 0.07) for average drive distance to increase (+8.4% [+19.6 yards], ES = 0.65), while no such changes were found with PLA (-0.5% [-1.2 yards], ES = 0.04 and +1.3% [+2.8 yards], ES = 0.08, respectively). Both groups experienced significant increases in body mass and 1-RM bench press (p < 0.001). No other significant group × time interactions were found. For the SD group only, within-group analysis confirmed significant improvements in set 1 average (+8.9%, p = 0.001) and peak velocity (+6.8%, p < =0.01). No changes were noted for reported adverse events, pain inventories, quality of life or any measured blood parameter.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SD supplementation for 30 days significantly improved best drive distance more than placebo. Supplementation was well tolerated and did not result in any clinically significant changes in markers of health or adverse events/side effect profiles.
authors: The Center for Applied Health Sciences, 4302 Allen Road, Ste 120, Stow, OH 44224 USA.
authors: Tim N
authors: TN
authors: Ziegenfuss
authors: The Center for Applied Health Sciences, 4302 Allen Road, Ste 120, Stow, OH 44224 USA.
authors: Scott M
authors: SM
authors: Habowski
authors: Strength and Conditioning, Athletics Department, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44240 USA.
authors: Robert
authors: R
authors: Lemieux
authors: The Center for Applied Health Sciences, 4302 Allen Road, Ste 120, Stow, OH 44224 USA.
authors: Jennifer E
authors: JE
authors: Sandrock
authors: The Center for Applied Health Sciences, 4302 Allen Road, Ste 120, Stow, OH 44224 USA.
authors: A William
authors: AW
authors: Kedia
authors: School of Sport, Recreation and Exercise Sciences, Lindenwood University, St. Charles, MO 63301 USA.
authors: Chad M
authors: CM
authors: Kerksick
authors: The Center for Applied Health Sciences, 4302 Allen Road, Ste 120, Stow, OH 44224 USA.
authors: Hector L
authors: HL
authors: Lopez
keywords: Creatine; Drive distance; Driver; Golf; Performance; Velocity
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