title: Glucose metabolism regulates T cell activation, differentiation, and functions.
abstract: The adaptive immune system is equipped to eliminate both tumors and pathogenic microorganisms. It requires a series of complex and coordinated signals to drive the activation, proliferation, and differentiation of appropriate T cell subsets. It is now established that changes in cellular activation are coupled to profound changes in cellular metabolism. In addition, emerging evidence now suggest that specific metabolic alterations associated with distinct T cell subsets may be ancillary to their differentiation and influential in their immune functions. The "Warburg effect" originally used to describe a phenomenon in which most cancer cells relied on aerobic glycolysis for their growth is a key process that sustain T cell activation and differentiation. Here, we review how different aspects of metabolism in T cells influence their functions, focusing on the emerging role of key regulators of glucose metabolism such as HIF-1α. A thorough understanding of the role of metabolism in T cell function could provide insights into mechanisms involved in inflammatory-mediated conditions, with the potential for developing novel therapeutic approaches to treat these diseases.
authors: Centre for Biomedical Research, Burnet Institute , Melbourne, VIC , Australia.
authors: Clovis S
authors: CS
authors: Palmer
authors: Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y SIDA, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires , Buenos Aires , Argentina.
authors: Matias
authors: M
authors: Ostrowski
authors: Centre for Biomedical Research, Burnet Institute , Melbourne, VIC , Australia.
authors: Brad
authors: B
authors: Balderson
authors: Department of Microbiology, The University of the West Indies , Kingston , Jamaica.
authors: Nicole
authors: N
authors: Christian
authors: Centre for Biomedical Research, Burnet Institute , Melbourne, VIC , Australia ; Department of Infectious Diseases, Monash University , Melbourne, VIC , Australia ; Infectious Diseases Department, The Alfred Hospital , Melbourne, VIC , Australia.
authors: Suzanne M
authors: SM
authors: Crowe
keywords: HIF-1α; HIV; PI3K; glucose transporter 1; immune activation; inflammation; mTOR; metabolism
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