title: Assessment of global longitudinal strain using standardized myocardial deformation imaging: a modality independent software approach.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Myocardial deformation measurement is superior to left ventricular ejection fraction in identifying early changes in myocardial contractility and prediction of cardiovascular outcome. The lack of standardization hinders its clinical implementation. The aim of the study is to investigate a novel standardized deformation imaging approach based on the feature tracking algorithm for the assessment of global longitudinal (GLS) and global circumferential strain (GCS) in echocardiography and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR).
  
  
  METHODS
  70 subjects undergoing CMR were consecutively investigated with echocardiography within a median time of 30 min. GLS and GCS were analyzed with a post-processing software incorporating the same standardized algorithm for both modalities. Global strain was defined as the relative shortening of the whole endocardial contour length and calculated according to the strain formula.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean GLS values were -16.2 ± 5.3 and -17.3 ± 5.3 % for echocardiography and CMR, respectively. GLS did not differ significantly between the two imaging modalities, which showed strong correlation (r = 0.86), a small bias (-1.1 %) and narrow 95 % limits of agreement (LOA ± 5.4 %). Mean GCS values were -17.9 ± 6.3 and -24.4 ± 7.8 % for echocardiography and CMR, respectively. GCS was significantly underestimated by echocardiography (p < 0.001). A weaker correlation (r = 0.73), a higher bias (-6.5 %) and wider LOA (± 10.5 %) were observed for GCS. GLS showed a strong correlation (r = 0.92) when image quality was good, while correlation dropped to r = 0.82 with poor acoustic windows in echocardiography. GCS assessment revealed only a strong correlation (r = 0.87) when echocardiographic image quality was good. No significant differences for GLS between two different echocardiographic vendors could be detected.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Quantitative assessment of GLS using a standardized software algorithm allows the direct comparison of values acquired irrespective of the imaging modality. GLS may, therefore, serve as a reliable parameter for the assessment of global left ventricular function in clinical routine besides standard evaluation of the ejection fraction.
authors: Department of Cardiology, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
authors: Johannes H
authors: JH
authors: Riffel
authors: Marius G P
authors: MG
authors: Keller
authors: Matthias
authors: M
authors: Aurich
authors: Yannick
authors: Y
authors: Sander
authors: Florian
authors: F
authors: Andre
authors: Sorin
authors: S
authors: Giusca
authors: Fabian
authors: F
authors: Aus dem Siepen
authors: Sebastian
authors: S
authors: Seitz
authors: Christian
authors: C
authors: Galuschky
authors: Grigorios
authors: G
authors: Korosoglou
authors: Derliz
authors: D
authors: Mereles
authors: Hugo A
authors: HA
authors: Katus
authors: Sebastian J
authors: SJ
authors: Buss
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D019245:Compressive Strength; D004452:Echocardiography / Q000379:methods; D055119:Elastic Modulus; D054459:Elasticity Imaging Techniques / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D019028:Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Cine / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012984:Software; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013318:Stroke Volume; D013718:Tensile Strength; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology*
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