title: Growth factor purification and delivery systems (PADS) for therapeutic angiogenesis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Therapeutic angiogenesis with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), delivered either via recombinant protein infusion or via gene therapy, has shown promise in preclinical models of various diseases including myocardial infarction, renovascular disease, preeclampsia, and neurodegenerative disorders. However, dosing, duration of expression, and tissue specificity are challenges to VEGF gene therapy, and recombinant VEGF delivery suffers from extremely rapid plasma clearance, necessitating continuous infusion and/or direct injection at the site of interest.
  
  
  METHODS
  Here we describe a novel growth factor purification and delivery system (PADS) generated by fusion of VEGF121 to a protein polymer based on Elastin-like Polypeptide (ELP). ELP is a thermally responsive biopolymer derived from a five amino acid repeat sequence found in human tropoelastin. VEGFPADS were constructed by fusion of the ELP coding sequence in-frame with the VEGF121 coding sequence connected by a flexible di-glycine linker. In vitro activity of VEGFPADS was determined using cell proliferation, tube formation, and migration assays with vascular endothelial cells. Pharmacokinetics and biodistribution of VEGFPADS in vivo were compared to free VEGF in mice using quantitative fluorescence techniques.
  
  
  RESULTS
  ELP fusion allowed for recombinant expression and simple, non-chromatographic purification of the ELP-VEGF121 chimera in yields as high as 90 mg/L of culture and at very high purity. ELP fusion had no effect on the VEGF activity, as the VEGFPADS were equally potent as free VEGF121 in stimulating HUVEC proliferation, tube formation, and migration. Additionally, the VEGFPADS had a molecular weight five-fold larger than free VEGF121, which lead to slower plasma clearance and an altered biodistribution after systemic delivery in vivo.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PADS represent a new method of both purification and in vivo stabilization of recombinant growth factors. The use of this system could permit recombinant growth factors to become viable options for therapeutic angiogenesis in a number of disease models.
authors: Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS 39216 USA ; Department of Biochemistry, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS 39216 USA.
authors: Eric M
authors: EM
authors: George
authors: Department of Neurology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS 39216 USA.
authors: Huiling
authors: H
authors: Liu
authors: Department of Neurology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS 39216 USA.
authors: Grant G
authors: GG
authors: Robinson
authors: Department of Neurology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS 39216 USA.
authors: Fakhri
authors: F
authors: Mahdi
authors: Department of Neurosurgery, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS 39216 USA ; Department of Neurobiology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS 39216 USA.
authors: Eddie
authors: E
authors: Perkins
authors: Department of Biochemistry, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS 39216 USA ; Department of Neurology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS 39216 USA.
authors: Gene L
authors: GL
authors: Bidwell
keywords: Drug delivery; Elastin-like polypeptide; Purification and delivery system; Therapeutic angiogenesis; Vascular endothelial growth factor
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