title: Blunted suppression of acyl-ghrelin in response to fructose ingestion in obese adolescents: the role of insulin resistance.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Fructose consumption has risen alongside obesity and diabetes. Gut hormones involved in hunger and satiety (ghrelin and PYY) may respond differently to fructose compared with glucose ingestion. This study evaluated the effects of glucose and fructose ingestion on ghrelin and PYY in lean and obese adolescents with differing insulin sensitivity.
  
  
  METHODS
  Adolescents were divided into lean (n = 14), obese insulin sensitive (n = 12) (OIS), and obese insulin resistant (n = 15) (OIR). In a double-blind, cross-over design, subjects drank 75 g of glucose or fructose in random order, serum was obtained every 10 minutes for 60 minutes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Baseline acyl-ghrelin was highest in lean and lowest in OIR (P = 0.02). After glucose ingestion, acyl-ghrelin decreased similarly in lean and OIS but was lower in OIR (vs. lean, P = 0.03). Suppression differences were more pronounced after fructose (lean vs. OIS, P = 0.008, lean vs. OIR, P < 0.001). OIS became significantly hungrier after fructose (P = 0.015). PYY was not significantly different at baseline, varied minimally after glucose, and rose after fructose.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Compared with lean, OIS adolescents have impaired acyl-ghrelin responses to fructose but not glucose, whereas OIR adolescents have blunted responses to both. Diminished suppression of acyl-ghrelin in childhood obesity, particularly if accompanied by insulin resistance, may promote hunger and overeating.
authors: Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
authors: Michelle
authors: M
authors: Van Name
authors: Cosimo
authors: C
authors: Giannini
authors: Nicola
authors: N
authors: Santoro
authors: Ania M
authors: AM
authors: Jastreboff
authors: Jessica
authors: J
authors: Kubat
authors: Fangyong
authors: F
authors: Li
authors: Romy
authors: R
authors: Kursawe
authors: Mary
authors: M
authors: Savoye
authors: Elvira
authors: E
authors: Duran
authors: James
authors: J
authors: Dziura
authors: Rajita
authors: R
authors: Sinha
authors: Robert S
authors: RS
authors: Sherwin
authors: Gary
authors: G
authors: Cline
authors: Sonia
authors: S
authors: Caprio
mesh_terms: D000215:Acylation; D000293:Adolescent; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004435:Eating / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D005632:Fructose / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005768:Gastrointestinal Hormones / Q000097:blood; D054439:Ghrelin / Q000378:metabolism*; D005947:Glucose / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D006815:Hunger / Q000187:drug effects; D006963:Hyperphagia / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D063766:Pediatric Obesity / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D019894:Peptide YY / Q000097:blood; D019518:Postprandial Period / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D005768:Gastrointestinal Hormones; D054439:Ghrelin; D007328:Insulin; D019894:Peptide YY; D005632:Fructose; D005947:Glucose
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