title: Toxic effect of a marine bacterium on aquatic organisms and its algicidal substances against Phaeocystis globosa.
abstract: Harmful algal blooms have caused enormous damage to the marine ecosystem and the coastal economy in China. In this paper, a bacterial strain B1, which had strong algicidal activity against Phaeocystis globosa, was isolated from the coastal waters of Zhuhai in China. The strain B1 was identified as Bacillus sp. on the basis of 16S rDNA gene sequence and morphological characteristics. To evaluate the ecological safety of the algicidal substances produced by strain B1, their toxic effects on marine organisms were tested. Results showed that there were no adverse effects observed in the growth of Chlorella vulgaris, Chaetoceros muelleri, and Isochrystis galbana after exposure to the algicidal substances at a concentration of 1.0% (v/v) for 96 h. The 48h LC50 values for Brachionus plicatilis, Moina mongolica Daday and Paralichthys olivaceus were 5.7, 9.0 and 12.1% (v/v), respectively. Subsequently, the algicidal substances from strain B1 culture were isolated and purified by silica gel column, Sephadex G-15 column and high-performance liquid chromatography. Based on quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry and PeakView Software, the purified substances were identified as prolyl-methionine and hypoxanthine. Algicidal mechanism indicated that prolyl-methionine and hypoxanthine inhibited the growth of P. globosa by disrupting the antioxidant systems. In the acute toxicity assessment using M. mongolica, 24h LC50 values of prolyl-methionine and hypoxanthine were 7.0 and 13.8 g/L, respectively. The active substances produced by strain B1 can be considered as ecologically and environmentally biological agents for controlling harmful algal blooms.
authors: Key Laboratory of Water/Soil Toxic Pollutants Control and Bioremediation of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
authors: Qiuchan
authors: Q
authors: Yang
authors: Key Laboratory of Water/Soil Toxic Pollutants Control and Bioremediation of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
authors: Lina
authors: L
authors: Chen
authors: Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
authors: Xiaoli
authors: X
authors: Hu
authors: Key Laboratory of Water/Soil Toxic Pollutants Control and Bioremediation of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
authors: Ling
authors: L
authors: Zhao
authors: Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
authors: Pinghe
authors: P
authors: Yin
authors: Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
authors: Qiang
authors: Q
authors: Li
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D059001:Aquatic Organisms / Q000187:drug effects*; D001407:Bacillus / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000502:physiology*; D033361:Cladocera / Q000187:drug effects; D017077:Culture Media, Conditioned / Q000633:toxicity; D005412:Flatfishes; D058087:Haptophyta / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000382:microbiology*; D057097:Harmful Algal Bloom / Q000187:drug effects; D010839:Phytoplankton / Q000187:drug effects; D012403:Rotifera / Q000187:drug effects; D015048:Zooplankton / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D017077:Culture Media, Conditioned
references: Biotechnol Lett. 2003 Jul;25(14):1137-42
references: 12967000
references: PLoS One. 2013 May 08;8(5):e63018
references: 23667564
references: PLoS One. 2013 Oct 03;8(10):e76444
references: 24098501
references: Mol Biol Evol. 1987 Jul;4(4):406-25
references: 3447015
references: Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2006 Dec;73(3):684-90
references: 16850298
references: J Microbiol. 2009 Feb;47(1):9-18
references: 19229486
references: Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 2002 Jun;66(6):1366-9
references: 12162559
references: Appl Environ Microbiol. 1998 Aug;64(8):2806-13
references: 9687434
references: Anal Biochem. 1971 Nov;44(1):276-87
references: 4943714
references: Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2013 Oct;97(20):9207-15
references: 23224407
references: Luminescence. 2011 Jan-Feb;26(1):65-75
references: 20017127
references: Appl Environ Microbiol. 2000 Feb;66(2):718-22
references: 10653741
references: Enzyme Microb Technol. 2011 Sep 10;49(4):372-9
references: 22112563
references: Environ Toxicol. 2007 Oct;22(5):480-6
references: 17696132
references: Appl Environ Microbiol. 2001 Apr;67(4):1536-41
references: 11282602
references: Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 1981 Sep;5(3):382-7
references: 7297475
references: J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2007 Jul 1;854(1-2):158-64
references: 17466604
references: Biocontrol Sci. 2012;17(3):107-14
references: 23007101
references: Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 2012;76(8):1452-8
references: 22878186
references: Lett Appl Microbiol. 2010 Nov;51(5):552-7
references: 20880149
references: Curr Opin Chem Biol. 1998 Apr;2(2):253-62
references: 9667937
references: Ecotoxicology. 2008 Oct;17(7):623-31
references: 18758951
references: Anal Biochem. 1978 May;86(1):271-8
references: 655387
references: Environ Toxicol Chem. 2011 Dec;30(12):2810-6
references: 21932297
references: Science. 2008 Apr 4;320(5872):57-8
references: 18388279
references: Comput Appl Biosci. 1996 Dec;12(6):543-8
references: 9021275
references: J Antibiot (Tokyo). 2000 Nov;53(11):1317-9
references: 11213296
references: J Exp Bot. 2011 May;62(8):2667-78
references: 21282325
references: Saudi J Biol Sci. 2013 Oct;20(4):357-63
references: 24235872
references: J Environ Manage. 2013 Aug 15;125:149-55
references: 23660535