title: Assessing potential risks of wastewater discharges to benthic biota: an integrated approach to biomarker responses in clams (Ruditapes philippinarum) exposed under controlled conditions.
abstract: Marine clams Ruditapes philippinarum were exposed under laboratory conditions to sediments sampled at five sites affected by wastewater effluents at the Bay of Cádiz (SW, Spain). Contamination and early biological stress were determined. Metabolism and antioxidant system differed according to seasons. Health status diminished in summer. Metabolism of detoxification, and oxidative effect were related to concentration of metals, PAH, secondary alkane sulfonates (SAS) and antibiotics in winter. Antioxidant system and DNA damage were linked to metals and pharmaceutical products. Phase I and antioxidant system were associated to PAH and SAS in summer. Oxidative stress and effects were related to pharmaceuticals. Phase II was linked to metals and pharmaceuticals. Seasonality of sediment contamination by organic compounds and biological responses was determined. Clams were useful bioindicators, since the set of biomarkers applied was validated as potential tools for sediment quality assessment of wastewater discharges areas.
authors: Physical Chemistry Department, University of Cádiz, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Campus of International Excellence of the Sea (CEIMAR), 11510 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain; Andalusian Centre of Marine Science and Technology (CACYTMAR), University of Cádiz, 11510 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain. Electronic address: lmaranho@gmail.com.
authors: L A
authors: LA
authors: Maranho
authors: Physical Chemistry Department, University of Cádiz, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Campus of International Excellence of the Sea (CEIMAR), 11510 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain.
authors: T A
authors: TA
authors: DelValls
authors: Physical Chemistry Department, University of Cádiz, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Campus of International Excellence of the Sea (CEIMAR), 11510 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain; Andalusian Centre of Marine Science and Technology (CACYTMAR), University of Cádiz, 11510 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain.
authors: M L
authors: ML
authors: Martín-Díaz
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D058448:Biota; D049872:Bivalvia / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D054750:Ecotoxicology / Q000379:methods; D019015:Geologic Sediments / Q000032:analysis; D008658:Inactivation, Metabolic; D008670:Metals / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000379:methods*; D012621:Seasons; D013030:Spain; D013312:Stress, Physiological; D062065:Wastewater; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D015415:Biomarkers; D008670:Metals; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; D062065:Wastewater; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical
keywords: Biomarkers; Cell damage; Oxidative stress; Ruditapes philippinarum; Sediment; Wastewater discharges