title: Emerging biologics for the treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis.
abstract: Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a prevalent chronic inflammatory disease of the nasal and paranasal cavities and is known to seriously impair quality of life in affected patients. CRS appears to be a heterogeneous group of diseases with different inflammatory and remodeling patterns, suggesting that not only different clinical phenotypes but also pathophysiological endotypes occur. CRS with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is considered a more severe phenotype, especially when associated with comorbid asthma, as patients having this condition often do not respond to conventional treatment, including topical and systemic corticosteroids or surgery. Recently, studies with biologic agents have shown various effects in severe airway disease; specifically in Th2-biased CRSwNP, these effects were very promising. The greatest challenge for the future is to define the different endotypes of CRSwNP using easily accessible biomarkers to select the patients who have the best chance of a positive therapeutic response to innovative approaches.
authors: The Upper Airways Research Laboratory, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.
authors: Bauke
authors: B
authors: Pauwels
authors: Karin
authors: K
authors: Jonstam
authors: Claus
authors: C
authors: Bachert
mesh_terms: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001691:Biological Therapy; D002908:Chronic Disease; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D016207:Cytokines / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007073:Immunoglobulin E / Q000276:immunology; D058990:Molecular Targeted Therapy; D009298:Nasal Polyps / Q000628:therapy*; D053278:OX40 Ligand / Q000276:immunology; D012220:Rhinitis / Q000628:therapy*; D012852:Sinusitis / Q000628:therapy*; D018418:Th2 Cells / Q000276:immunology*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000276:immunology; D000094632:Thymic Stromal Lymphopoietin
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D016207:Cytokines; D053278:OX40 Ligand; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D007073:Immunoglobulin E; D000094632:Thymic Stromal Lymphopoietin
keywords: asthma; biologics; biomarkers; chronic rhinosinusitis; dupilumab; endotypes; mepolizumab; monoclonal antibodies; nasal polyps; omalizumab