title: The role for autophagy in cancer.
abstract: Autophagy is a survival-promoting pathway that captures, degrades, and recycles intracellular proteins and organelles in lysosomes. Autophagy preserves organelle function, prevents the toxic buildup of cellular waste products, and provides substrates to sustain metabolism in starvation. Although in some contexts autophagy suppresses tumorigenesis, in most contexts autophagy facilitates tumorigenesis. Cancers can upregulate autophagy to survive microenvironmental stress and to increase growth and aggressiveness. Mechanisms by which autophagy promotes cancer include suppressing induction of the p53 tumor suppressor protein and maintaining metabolic function of mitochondria. Efforts to inhibit autophagy to improve cancer therapy have thereby attracted great interest.
authors: Eileen
authors: E
authors: White
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001343:Autophagy; D063646:Carcinogenesis / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy
references: Clin Cancer Res. 2011 May 15;17(10):3478-89
references: 21325076
references: Nat Rev Immunol. 2013 Oct;13(10):722-37
references: 24064518
references: Cell. 2011 Nov 11;147(4):728-41
references: 22078875
references: Trends Biochem Sci. 2012 Jun;37(6):230-6
references: 22424619
references: Nat Rev Cancer. 2012 Jun;12(6):401-10
references: 22534666
references: PLoS One. 2012;7(7):e41831
references: 22848625
references: PLoS One. 2013;8(1):e55096
references: 23383069
references: N Engl J Med. 2013 Feb 14;368(7):651-62
references: 23406030
references: Science. 2013 Mar 29;339(6127):1546-58
references: 23539594
references: J Cell Sci. 2013 Apr 15;126(Pt 8):1713-9
references: 23641065
references: Front Med. 2013 Jun;7(2):242-54
references: 23681888
references: Nat Cell Biol. 2010 Mar;12(3):213-23
references: 20173742
references: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2010 May 11;107(19):8788-93
references: 20421486
references: Trends Cell Biol. 2010 Jul;20(7):427-34
references: 20399660
references: Science. 2010 Dec 3;330(6009):1344-8
references: 21127245
references: Mol Biol Cell. 2011 Jan 15;22(2):165-78
references: 21119005
references: Clin Cancer Res. 2011 Feb 15;17(4):654-66
references: 21325294
references: Genes Dev. 2013 Oct 1;27(19):2065-71
references: 24115766
references: Cancer Discov. 2013 Nov;3(11):1272-85
references: 23965987
references: Cell. 2013 Dec 5;155(6):1216-9
references: 24315093
references: Cancer Cell. 2013 Dec 9;24(6):738-50
references: 24332042
references: Nature. 2013 Dec 12;504(7479):296-300
references: 24305049
references: Nat Commun. 2014;5:3056
references: 24445999
references: Nature. 2014 Jan 23;505(7484):495-501
references: 24390350
references: J Clin Invest. 2014 Mar;124(3):1406-17
references: 24569374
references: Cancer Discov. 2014 Apr;4(4):466-79
references: 24513958
references: Autophagy. 2014 Apr;10(4):662-76
references: 24492513
references: Mol Cancer Res. 2014 Apr;12(4):485-90
references: 24478461
references: Nature. 2014 May 1;509(7498):105-9
references: 24695223
references: Cancer Discov. 2014 Jul;4(7):766-72
references: 24860158
references: Cancer Discov. 2014 Aug;4(8):914-27
references: 24875857
references: Cancer Discov. 2014 Aug;4(8):905-13
references: 24875860
references: Nature. 1999 Dec 9;402(6762):672-6
references: 10604474
references: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2003 Dec 9;100(25):15077-82
references: 14657337
references: J Clin Invest. 2003 Dec;112(12):1809-20
references: 14638851
references: Genomics. 1999 Jul 1;59(1):59-65
references: 10395800
references: Cancer Cell. 2006 Jul;10(1):51-64
references: 16843265
references: Genes Dev. 2007 Jun 1;21(11):1367-81
references: 17510285
references: Genes Dev. 2007 Jul 1;21(13):1621-35
references: 17606641
references: Cell Death Differ. 2007 Sep;14(9):1576-82
references: 17612585
references: Cell. 2007 Dec 14;131(6):1149-63
references: 18083104
references: Cell. 2008 Jan 11;132(1):27-42
references: 18191218
references: Cancer Cell. 2008 Apr;13(4):343-54
references: 18394557
references: Nature. 2009 Apr 30;458(7242):1131-5
references: 19339967
references: Cell. 2009 Jun 12;137(6):1062-75
references: 19524509
references: Cancer Biol Ther. 2009 Nov;8(21):130-3
references: 19901522
references: Genes Dev. 2011 Mar 1;25(5):460-70
references: 21317241
references: Genes Dev. 2011 Apr 1;25(7):717-29
references: 21406549
references: Genes Dev. 2011 Apr 15;25(8):795-800
references: 21498569
references: Biochim Biophys Acta. 2011 Jun;1807(6):633-42
references: 20732299
references: Cancer Cell. 2011 May 17;19(5):613-28
references: 21575862
references: Genes Dev. 2013 Jul 1;27(13):1447-61
references: 23824538
references: Cancer Discov. 2013 Aug;3(8):894-907
references: 23650262
references: Nature. 2013 Sep 19;501(7467):421-5
references: 23945590
references: Genes Dev. 2011 Jul 15;25(14):1510-27
references: 21764854