title: Molecular mechanisms of acrolein toxicity: relevance to human disease.
abstract: Acrolein, a highly reactive unsaturated aldehyde, is a ubiquitous environmental pollutant and its potential as a serious environmental health threat is beginning to be recognized. Humans are exposed to acrolein per oral (food and water), respiratory (cigarette smoke, automobile exhaust, and biocide use) and dermal routes, in addition to endogenous generation (metabolism and lipid peroxidation). Acrolein has been suggested to play a role in several disease states including spinal cord injury, multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, and neuro-, hepato-, and nephro-toxicity. On the cellular level, acrolein exposure has diverse toxic effects, including DNA and protein adduction, oxidative stress, mitochondrial disruption, membrane damage, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and immune dysfunction. This review addresses our current understanding of each pathogenic mechanism of acrolein toxicity, with emphasis on the known and anticipated contribution to clinical disease, and potential therapies.
authors: *Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Medicine and Robley Rex VAMC, Louisville, Kentucky 40202.
authors: Akshata
authors: A
authors: Moghe
authors: *Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Medicine and Robley Rex VAMC, Louisville, Kentucky 40202.
authors: Smita
authors: S
authors: Ghare
authors: *Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Medicine and Robley Rex VAMC, Louisville, Kentucky 40202.
authors: Bryan
authors: B
authors: Lamoreau
authors: *Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Medicine and Robley Rex VAMC, Louisville, Kentucky 40202.
authors: Mohammad
authors: M
authors: Mohammad
authors: *Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Medicine and Robley Rex VAMC, Louisville, Kentucky 40202 *Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Medicine and Robley Rex VAMC, Louisville, Kentucky 40202.
authors: Shirish
authors: S
authors: Barve
authors: *Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Medicine and Robley Rex VAMC, Louisville, Kentucky 40202 *Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Medicine and Robley Rex VAMC, Louisville, Kentucky 40202 *Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Medicine and Robley Rex VAMC, Louisville, Kentucky 40202.
authors: Craig
authors: C
authors: McClain
authors: *Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Medicine and Robley Rex VAMC, Louisville, Kentucky 40202 *Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Medicine and Robley Rex VAMC, Louisville, Kentucky 40202 s0josh01@louisville.edu.
authors: Swati
authors: S
authors: Joshi-Barve
mesh_terms: D000171:Acrolein / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D016207:Cytokines / Q000276:immunology; D018736:DNA Adducts / Q000378:metabolism; D004194:Disease / Q000209:etiology*; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*; D006801:Humans; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D016207:Cytokines; D018736:DNA Adducts; D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D000171:Acrolein
keywords: DNA adducts; antioxidants; apoptosis; environmental; exposure; inflammation; oxidative injury
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