title: An observational study of the success and complications of 2546 external cephalic versions in low-risk pregnant women performed by trained midwives.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the success of an external cephalic version (ECV) training programme, and to determine the rates of successful ECV, complications, and caesarean birth in a low-risk population.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective observational study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Primary health care and hospital settings throughout the Netherlands (January 2008-September 2011).
  
  
  METHODS
  Low-risk women with a singleton fetus in breech presentation, without contraindications to ECV, were offered ECV at approximately 36 weeks of gestation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were collected for all ECVs performed by midwives, and were entered into a national online database.
  
  
  METHODS
  Successful ECV was defined as the fetus having a cephalic presentation immediately following the procedure and at birth. Complications were observed at ≤ 30 minutes and between 30 minutes and 48 hours after the ECV procedure. All serious pregnancy outcomes that occurred after the ECV procedure until birth were reported.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 47% had a successful ECv and a cephalic at the time of birth: 34% of nulliparous and 66% of multiparous women. After ECV, 57% of women gave birth vaginally: 45% of nulliparous women and 76% of multiparous women. Within 30 minutes after ECV, and between 30 minutes and 48 hours after ECV, the proportion of women experiencing a complication or serious pregnancy outcome was 0.9% and 1.8%, respectively. Serious pregnancy outcome at any time following ECV until birth was experienced by 58 (2.5%) of the women.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The success rate of ECVs performed by trained midwives in primary health care or hospital settings is comparable with that of other providers, and the procedure is safe for low-risk women.
authors: KNOV, Royal Dutch Organisation of Midwives, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Beuckens
authors: TNO Department of Child Health, Leiden, the Netherlands.
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Rijnders
authors: Hogeschool Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
authors: G H M
authors: GH
authors: Verburgt-Doeleman
authors: KNOV, Royal Dutch Organisation of Midwives, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
authors: G C
authors: GC
authors: Rijninks-van Driel
authors: Midwifery Education Program, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada.
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Thorpe
authors: Midwifery Education Program, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada.|Department of Midwifery, VU University, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
authors: E K
authors: EK
authors: Hutton
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001946:Breech Presentation / Q000628:therapy*; D002585:Cesarean Section / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008880:Midwifery / Q000193:education*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014710:Version, Fetal / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*
keywords: Breech presentation; caesarean section; external cephalic version