title: Current concepts in acute respiratory support for neonates and children.
abstract: Current trends in mechanical respiratory support are evolving toward gentle approaches to avoid short- and long-term problems that are historically associated with mechanical ventilation. These ventilator-associated issues include the need for long-term sedation, muscle deconditioning, ventilator-associated lung injury (VALI), and ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP). This article will describe recent trends of ventilatory support in neonates and children: (1) utilization of volume ventilation in infants, (2) synchrony and improving patient-ventilator interaction specifically using neurally adjusted ventilatory assist (NAVA), and (3) use of noninvasive ventilation techniques. When applicable, their uses in the surgical newborn and pediatric patients are described.
authors: Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Children׳s Hospital of Wisconsin, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin; Division of Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, Children׳s Hospital of Wisconsin, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Electronic address: marca@chw.org.
authors: Marjorie J
authors: MJ
authors: Arca
authors: Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Children׳s Hospital of Wisconsin, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.
authors: Michael
authors: M
authors: Uhing
authors: Division of Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, Children׳s Hospital of Wisconsin, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.
authors: Martin
authors: M
authors: Wakeham
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008171:Lung Diseases / Q000628:therapy*; D012121:Respiration, Artificial / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*
keywords: Children; Mechanical ventilation; Neonates; Neurally adjusted ventilator assist; Ventilator-associated lung injury; Volume-cycled ventilators