title: Are imported consumer products an important diffuse source of PFASs to the Norwegian environment?
abstract: The aim of this study was to measure perfluoroalkyl substances in a selection of imported consumer products (n = 45) and estimate population normalized emission rates during the use phase. 6:2 and 8:2 fluorotelomer alcohol (FTOH) were found in the highest concentrations ranging from <MDL to 374 and 163 μg m(-2) respectively. Concentrations of FTOHs were approximately 2-3 orders of magnitude higher than those of perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (PFCAs). Although perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) was detected in one carpet sample at 1.7 μg m(-2), the majority of samples complied with regulatory limits for PFOS in the EU. Population normalized emission rates of perfluorooctanoic acid, 6:2 FTOH and 8:2 FTOH from imported consumer products were estimated to be 6.6, 2130 and 197 μg year(-1) capita(-1) respectively for the "intermediate" emission scenario. The results from this study suggest that emissions from imported products would have a small impact on the environmental concentrations of perfluoroalkyl acids on a regional scale.
authors: Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU), 9296 Tromsø, Norway. Electronic address: rv@nilu.no.
authors: Robin
authors: R
authors: Vestergren
authors: Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU), 9296 Tromsø, Norway.
authors: Dorte
authors: D
authors: Herzke
authors: State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
authors: Thanh
authors: T
authors: Wang
authors: Department of Applied Environmental Science (ITM), Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.
authors: Ian T
authors: IT
authors: Cousins
mesh_terms: D000438:Alcohols; D017738:Alkanesulfonic Acids / Q000032:analysis*; D002210:Caprylates; D002264:Carboxylic Acids; D004777:Environment; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D005466:Fluorocarbons / Q000032:analysis*; D008420:Manufactured Materials; D009664:Norway
chemical_list: D000438:Alcohols; D017738:Alkanesulfonic Acids; D002210:Caprylates; D002264:Carboxylic Acids; D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D005466:Fluorocarbons; C023036:perfluorooctanoic acid; C076994:perfluorooctane sulfonic acid
keywords: Consumer products; Diffuse emissions; FTOHs; PFASs; PFOA; PFOS