title: Swallowing disorders in Parkinson's disease: impact of lingual pumping.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Lingual pumping (LP) is a repetitive, involuntary, anteroposterior movement of the tongue on the soft palate that is executed prior to transferring the food bolus to the pharynx, but we also observed LP when multiple swallows were taken. LP may be associated with rigidity and bradykinesia in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). This phenomenon tends to be more prevalent in dysphagic PD patients, and its impact on swallowing dynamics remains poorly understood.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate how LP interferes with the oral and pharyngeal phases of the swallowing of foods of different consistencies and volumes.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used videofluoroscopy to study the swallowing of 69 PD patients performing 10 swallows of barium mixed with foods of different consistencies and volumes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  LP was associated with the unstable intra-oral organization of the bolus, the loss of bolus control, the pharyngeal retention of food and food entering the airway. This abnormal movement was also associated with a shorter oral transit time and was found to be more prevalent with food of thicker consistencies.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  LP is associated with swallowing incoordination and with food entering the airway. Preventive measures to minimise the pulmonary or nutritional consequences of this behaviour are necessary.
authors: Division of Neurology and Epidemiology, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.
authors: Natalie
authors: N
authors: Argolo
authors: Division of Neurology and Epidemiology, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.|Department of Speech-Language Pathology, Health Sciences Institute, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.
authors: Marília
authors: M
authors: Sampaio
authors: Division of Neurology and Epidemiology, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.
authors: Patrícia
authors: P
authors: Pinho
authors: Division of Neurology and Epidemiology, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.
authors: Ailton
authors: A
authors: Melo
authors: Division of Neurology and Epidemiology, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.|Department of Speech-Language Pathology, Health Sciences Institute, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.
authors: Ana Caline
authors: AC
authors: Nóbrega
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001938:Brazil; D003679:Deglutition / Q000502:physiology; D003680:Deglutition Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D005471:Fluoroscopy; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D053120:Respiratory Aspiration / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology; D014061:Tongue Habits; D014741:Video Recording
keywords: Parkinson's disease; deglutition disorders; lingual pumping