title: Imbalance of matrix metalloproteinase-9 and matrix metalloproteinase tissue inhibitor-1 may contribute to hemorrhage in cerebellar arteriovenous malformations.
abstract: In this study, we determined the expression levels of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and -9 and matrix metalloproteinase tissue inhibitor-1 and -2 in brain tissues and blood plasma of patients undergoing surgery for cerebellar arteriovenous malformations or primary epilepsy (control group). Immunohistochemistry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay revealed that the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 and matrix metalloproteinase tissue inhibitor-1 was significantly higher in patients with cerebellar arteriovenous malformations than in patients with primary epilepsy. The ratio of matrix metalloproteinase-9 to matrix metalloproteinase tissue inhibitor-1 was significantly higher in patients with hemorrhagic cerebellar arteriovenous malformations compared with those with non-hemorrhagic malformations. Matrix metalloproteinase-2 and matrix metalloproteinase tissue inhibitor-2 levels were not significantly changed. These findings indicate that an imbalance of matrix metalloproteinase-9 and matrix metalloproteinase tissue inhibitor-1, resulting in a relative overabundance of matrix metalloproteinase-9, might be the underlying mechanism of hemorrhage of cerebellar arteriovenous malformations.
authors: Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China.
authors: Fei
authors: F
authors: Di
authors: Department of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China.
authors: Tongyan
authors: T
authors: Chen
authors: Department of Pathology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China.
authors: Hongli
authors: H
authors: Li
authors: Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China.
authors: Jizong
authors: J
authors: Zhao
authors: Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China.
authors: Shuo
authors: S
authors: Wang
authors: Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China.
authors: Yuanli
authors: Y
authors: Zhao
authors: Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China.
authors: Dong
authors: D
authors: Zhang
keywords: cerebellar arteriovenous malformations; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; hemorrhage; immunohistochemistry; matrix metalloproteinase-2; matrix metalloproteinase-9; neural regeneration; tissue matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor-1; tissue matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor-2
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