title: Cell-autonomous sex differences in gene expression in chicken bone marrow-derived macrophages.
abstract: We have identified differences in gene expression in macrophages grown from the bone marrow of male and female chickens in recombinant chicken M-CSF (CSF1). Cells were profiled with or without treatment with bacterial LPS for 24 h. Approximately 600 transcripts were induced by prolonged LPS stimulation to an equal extent in the male and female macrophages. Many transcripts encoded on the Z chromosome were expressed ∼1.6-fold higher in males, reflecting a lack of dosage compensation in the homogametic sex. A smaller set of W chromosome-specific genes was expressed only in females. LPS signaling in mammals is associated with induction of type 1 IFN-responsive genes. Unexpectedly, because IFNs are encoded on the Z chromosome of chickens, unstimulated macrophages from the female birds expressed a set of known IFN-inducible genes at much higher levels than male cells under the same conditions. To confirm that these differences were not the consequence of the actions of gonadal hormones, we induced gonadal sex reversal to alter the hormonal environment of the developing chick and analyzed macrophages cultured from male, female, and female sex-reversed embryos. Gonadal sex reversal did not alter the sexually dimorphic expression of either sex-linked or IFN-responsive genes. We suggest that female birds compensate for the reduced dose of inducible IFN with a higher basal set point of IFN-responsive genes.
authors: Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian EH25 9RG, Scotland, United Kingdom.
authors: Carla
authors: C
authors: Garcia-Morales
authors: Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian EH25 9RG, Scotland, United Kingdom.
authors: Sunil
authors: S
authors: Nandi
authors: Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian EH25 9RG, Scotland, United Kingdom.
authors: Debiao
authors: D
authors: Zhao
authors: Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian EH25 9RG, Scotland, United Kingdom.
authors: Kristin A
authors: KA
authors: Sauter
authors: Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian EH25 9RG, Scotland, United Kingdom.
authors: Lonneke
authors: L
authors: Vervelde
authors: Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian EH25 9RG, Scotland, United Kingdom.
authors: Derek
authors: D
authors: McBride
authors: Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian EH25 9RG, Scotland, United Kingdom.
authors: Helen M
authors: HM
authors: Sang
authors: Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian EH25 9RG, Scotland, United Kingdom.
authors: Mike
authors: M
authors: Clinton
authors: Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian EH25 9RG, Scotland, United Kingdom david.hume@roslin.ed.ac.uk.
authors: David A
authors: DA
authors: Hume
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D047072:Aromatase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D030161:Avian Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002642:Chick Embryo; D002645:Chickens / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D004303:Dosage Compensation, Genetic; D017316:Fadrozole / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D006066:Gonads / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology*; D016898:Interferon-alpha / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D016899:Interferon-beta / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D016173:Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000494:pharmacology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology*; D008297:Male; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D012730:Sex Chromosomes / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D047072:Aromatase Inhibitors; D030161:Avian Proteins; D016898:Interferon-alpha; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D016899:Interferon-beta; D016173:Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor; D017316:Fadrozole
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