title: [Thyroid orbitopathy, an overview with special attention to the role of radiotherapy].
abstract: Thyroid orbitopathy is the most prevalent non-thyroid symptom in Graves' syndrome. It has a high incidence and particularly affects young women. Smoking is clearly involved in its development and progress, and in its response to different treatments. This autoimmune condition usually has a benign course, independent from hyperthyroidism, but its severe, progressive forms represent a major therapeutic challenge. Clinical evaluation poses great difficulties, as there is no truly objective rating scale representing disease activity. New molecular or inflammation markers may prove to be useful in this regard. This review reports new findings about its pathophysiology and the different techniques used for treatment over time. Discussion particularly focuses on the immunomodulatory role of radiotherapy, as well as on its role together with corticosteroids.
authors: Servicio de Oncología, Queen Alexandra Hospital, Cosham, Reino Unido. Electronic address: santiagov06@gmail.com.
authors: Santiago
authors: S
authors: Vilar-González
authors: Servicio Endocrinología y Nutrición, CHUA, Albacete, España.
authors: Cristina
authors: C
authors: Lamas-Oliveira
authors: Servicio Oftalmología, CHUA, Albacete, España.
authors: María A
authors: MA
authors: Fagúndez-Vargas
authors: Servicio Física Médica, CHUA, Albacete, España.
authors: Ana T
authors: AT
authors: Núñez-Quintanilla
authors: UGC Oncología, Hospital Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, España.
authors: Alberto
authors: A
authors: Pérez-Rozos
authors: Fundación de Investigación Oftalmológica, Oviedo, España.
authors: Jesús
authors: J
authors: Merayo-Lloves
authors: Servicio de Oftalmología, Hospital Cruz Roja Dos de Mayo, Barcelona, España.
authors: José J
authors: JJ
authors: Escobar-Barranco
authors: Servicio de Oncología, Royal Preston Hospital, Fulwood, Reino Unido.
authors: José M
authors: JM
authors: Rico-Pérez
mesh_terms: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D019299:Decompression, Surgical; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D049970:Graves Ophthalmopathy / Q000276:immunology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008954:Models, Biological; D010431:Pentoxifylline / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011832:Radiation Injuries / Q000209:etiology; D011882:Radiotherapy, High-Energy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D012643:Selenium / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones; D012643:Selenium; D010431:Pentoxifylline
keywords: Corticoides; Corticosteroids; Graves ophthalmopathy; Irradiación; Irradiation; Oftalmopatía de Graves; Orbitopatía tiroidea; Radioterapia; Radiotherapy; Thyroid orbitopathy