title: Determinants of exposure to fragranced product chemical mixtures in a sample of twins.
abstract: Fragranced product chemical mixtures may be relevant for environmental health, but little is known about exposure. We analyzed results from an olfactory challenge with the synthetic musk fragrance 1,3,4,6,7,8-hexahydro-4,6,6,7,8,8-hexamethyl-cyclopento-γ-2-benzopyran (HHCB), and a questionnaire about attitudes toward chemical safety and use of fragranced products, in a sample of 140 white and 17 black twin pairs attending a festival in Ohio. Data for each product were analyzed using robust ordered logistic regressions with random intercepts for "twin pair" and "sharing address with twin", and fixed effects for sex, age, education, and "ever being bothered by fragrances". Due to the small number of black participants, models were restricted to white participants except when examining racial differences. Overall patterns of association were summarized across product-types through random-effects meta-analysis. Principal components analysis was used to summarize clustering of product use. The dominant axis of variability in fragranced product use was "more vs. less", followed by a distinction between household cleaning products and personal care products. Overall, males used fragranced products less frequently than females (adjusted proportionate odds ratio 0.55, 95% confidence interval 0.33, 0.93). This disparity was driven by personal care products (0.42, 95% CI: 0.19, 0.96), rather than household cleaning products (0.79, 95% CI: 0.49, 1.25) and was particularly evident for body lotion (0.12, 95% CI: 0.05, 0.27). Overall usage differed by age (0.64, 95% CI: 0.43, 0.95) but only hand soap and shampoo products differed significantly. "Ever being bothered by fragrance" had no overall association (0.92, 95% CI: 0.65, 1.30) but was associated with laundry detergent use (0.46, 95% CI: 0.23, 0.93). Similarly, black vs. white differences on average were not significant (1.34, 95% CI: 0.55, 3.28) but there were apparent differences in use of shampoo (0.01, 95% CI: 0.00, 0.69), body lotion (4.67, 95% CI: 1.18, 18.47), and perfume (6.22, 95% CI:1.08, 35.89). There was no overall association with thinking about product risks (0.90, 95% CI: 0.79, 1.02), nor with inability to smell HHCB (0.84, 95% CI: 0.63, 1.12). Exposure to fragranced products may differ demographically. The relevance for health disparities should be studied.
authors: Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA. mgribble@usc.edu.
authors: Matthew O
authors: MO
authors: Gribble
authors: Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA. kbandee1@jhu.edu.
authors: Karen
authors: K
authors: Bandeen-Roche
authors: Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA. mfox9@jhu.edu.
authors: Mary A
authors: MA
authors: Fox
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006795:Household Products; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015233:Models, Statistical; D016017:Odds Ratio; D009820:Ohio; D010476:Perfume; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D012737:Sex Factors; D012903:Smell; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D044465:White People
chemical_list: D010476:Perfume
references: Br J Dermatol. 2004 Jun;150(6):1218-20; author reply 1220
references: 15214920
references: Contact Dermatitis. 1985 Nov;13(5):302-6
references: 4092452
references: Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1992 Apr 15;184(1):149-53
references: 1567420
references: Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Jan;113(1):17-24
references: 15626642
references: Toxicol Sci. 2005 Feb;83(2):264-72
references: 15537743
references: Chemosphere. 2005 Apr;59(4):487-92
references: 15788171
references: Chemosphere. 2005 Oct;61(3):422-31
references: 16182860
references: Chemosphere. 2005 Nov;61(5):693-700
references: 16219504
references: Chemosphere. 2006 Feb;62(6):867-73
references: 16309730
references: Risk Anal. 2009 Aug;29(8):1170-81
references: 19392672
references: Psychol Bull. 1968 Oct;70(4):213-20
references: 19673146
references: Environ Sci Technol. 2009 Dec 15;43(24):9458-64
references: 19928757
references: Environ Sci Technol. 2007 Jun 1;41(11):3815-20
references: 17612154
references: Contact Dermatitis. 2007 Aug;57(2):105-9
references: 17627650
references: Int J Hyg Environ Health. 2008 Oct;211(5-6):624-38
references: 18550430
references: Environ Sci Technol. 2008 Sep 1;42(17):6743-8
references: 18800558
references: J Environ Health. 2009 Mar;71(7):46-50
references: 19326669
references: Sci Total Environ. 2009 Aug 15;407(17):4821-5
references: 19520417
references: Contact Dermatitis. 2009 Dec;61(6):320-4
references: 20059491
references: Environ Pollut. 2010 Feb;158(2):599-606
references: 19796858
references: Int J Hyg Environ Health. 2010 Mar;213(2):124-30
references: 20056483
references: Chemosphere. 1999 Jan;38(1):13-32
references: 10903088
references: Food Chem Toxicol. 2001 Feb;39(2):97-108
references: 11267702
references: Environ Res. 2001 Dec;87(3):123-30
references: 11771925
references: Contact Dermatitis. 2004 Feb;50(2):65-76
references: 15128316
references: Mar Environ Res. 2004 Aug-Dec;58(2-5):215-9
references: 15178035
references: Nat Genet. 2010 May;42(5):441-7
references: 20418890
references: Chemosphere. 2010 Jun;80(2):116-22
references: 20444483
references: Crit Rev Toxicol. 2010 Nov;40 Suppl 3:1-30
references: 20932229
references: Nanotoxicology. 2011 Mar;5(1):12-29
references: 21417685
references: Int J Methods Psychiatr Res. 2011 Mar;20(1):40-9
references: 21499542
references: Chemosphere. 2012 Feb;86(5):485-90
references: 22055311
references: Chemosphere. 2012 May;87(9):1018-23
references: 22196088
references: Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2012 Jun;80:179-83
references: 22421452
references: Environ Health Perspect. 2012 Jul;120(7):935-43
references: 22398195
references: Chem Senses. 2012 Nov;37(9):869-81
references: 22977065
references: Toxicol Lett. 2013 Feb 13;217(1):50-8
references: 23220035
references: Contact Dermatitis. 2013 Aug;69(2):72-7
references: 23869726
references: Sci Total Environ. 2013 Oct 1;463-464:102-10
references: 23792252
references: Environ Health. 2014;13(1):14
references: 24618224
references: J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol. 2014 Sep-Oct;24(5):459-66
references: 24149971
references: Dermatitis. 2014 Sep-Oct;25(5):232-45
references: 25207685