title: Extracorporeal shock wave therapy ameliorates cyclophosphamide-induced rat acute interstitial cystitis though inhibiting inflammation and oxidative stress-in vitro and in vivo experiment studies.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We investigated whether extracorporeal shock wave (ECSW) therapy can attenuate cyclophosphamide (CYP)-induced acute interstitial cystitis (AIC) in rats.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eighteen male-adult Sprague-Dawley rats were equally divided into group 1 (sham control), group 2 (AIC induced by 150 mg/kg CYP by intra-peritoneal injection) and group 3 (AIC + ECSW 200 impulses at 0.11 mJ/mm(2) to the urinary bladder at 3 and 24 h after CYP treatment). Smooth-muscle cells co-culture with menadione (25 µM) with and without ECSW treatment was performed. Western-blot results demonstrated that ECSW significant attenuated oxidative stress and inflammatory reactions in this in-vitro studies (all p < 0.001). 24-hour urine amount and microscopic findings of red-blood-cell count (i.e., hematuria) were higher in group 2 than in groups 1 and 3, and significantly higher in group 3 than in group 1 (all p < 0.001). The urine levels of albumin and interleukin-6 showed an identical pattern of hematuria among all three groups (all p < 0.001). The cellular and mRNA expressions of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF)+, CD74+, CD68+, substance p+, and Cox-2+ cells in the bladder tissue exhibited an identical pattern of hematuria among all groups (all p < 0.0001). The integrity of epithelial layer and collagen-deposition area as stained by Sirius red displayed an opposite pattern of hematuria among the three groups (p < 0.0001). The protein expression of IL-12, iNOS, TNF-α, NF-κB, MMP-9, NOX-1, NOX-2, RANTES, and Oxyblot displayed an identical pattern of hematuria among all groups (all p < 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ECSW therapy markedly attenuated CYP-induced AIC through inhibitions of the inflammation and oxidative stress.
authors: Division of Urology, Department of Internal Medicine, E-DA Hospital, I-Shou University Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors: Yen-Ta
authors: YT
authors: Chen
authors: Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, E-DA Hospital, I-Shou University Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors: Chih-Chao
authors: CC
authors: Yang
authors: Department of Emergency Medicine, E-DA Hospital, I-Shou University Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors: Cheuk-Kwan
authors: CK
authors: Sun
authors: Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Surgery, National Sun Yat-Sen University Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors: Hsin-Ju
authors: HJ
authors: Chiang
authors: Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Sun Yat-Sen University Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors: Yi-Ling
authors: YL
authors: Chen
authors: Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Sun Yat-Sen University Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors: Pei-Hsun
authors: PH
authors: Sung
authors: Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Sun Yat-Sen University Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors: Yen-Yi
authors: YY
authors: Zhen
authors: Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Sun Yat-Sen University Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors: Tein-Hung
authors: TH
authors: Huang
authors: Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, National Sun Yat-Sen University Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors: Chia-Lo
authors: CL
authors: Chang
authors: Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, National Sun Yat-Sen University Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors: Hong-Hwa
authors: HH
authors: Chen
authors: Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors: Hsueh-Wen
authors: HW
authors: Chang
authors: Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Sun Yat-Sen University Kaohsiung, Taiwan ; Center for Translational Research in Biomedical Sciences, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine Kaohsiung, Taiwan ; Institute of Shock Wave Medicine and Tissue Engineering, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors: Hon-Kan
authors: HK
authors: Yip
keywords: Acute interstitial cystitis; cyclophosphamide treatment; extra-corporeal shock wave; inflammatory biomarkers
references: Br J Urol. 1997 Feb;79(2):168-71
references: 9052464
references: J Transl Med. 2011 Jul 22;9:118
references: 21781312
references: Am J Sports Med. 2008 Feb;36(2):340-7
references: 17885225
references: Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2001 Jun;(387):72-82
references: 11400897
references: Circulation. 2006 Dec 19;114(25):2823-30
references: 17145991
references: J Urol. 2005 Mar;173(3):841-3; discussion 843
references: 15711286
references: BJU Int. 2000 May;85(8):995-9
references: 10792194
references: Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2001 Jun;(387):8-17
references: 11400898
references: Curr Opin Urol. 2004 Nov;14(6):323-7
references: 15626873
references: Urology. 2005 Apr;65(4):654-8
references: 15833501
references: Br J Sports Med. 2009 Mar;43(3):163-8
references: 18718975
references: Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct. 2005 Jun;16 Suppl 1:S2-S34
references: 15883858
references: Altern Med Rev. 2003 Nov;8(4):426-37
references: 14653769
references: J Urol. 2002 Jul;168(1):139-43
references: 12050508
references: Am J Transl Res. 2011 May 15;3(3):259-68
references: 21633631
references: Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol. 2005 Jan-Mar;18(1):183-8
references: 15698523
references: Int Urol Nephrol. 2010 Sep;42(3):629-35
references: 19784793
references: Cardiology. 2010;115(2):130-44
references: 19955748
references: Urology. 2007 Apr;69(4 Suppl):34-40
references: 17462477
references: Crit Care Med. 2009 Apr;37(4):1197-205
references: 19242323
references: J Urol. 2005 Dec;174(6):2231-4
references: 16280776
references: Med Clin North Am. 2004 Mar;88(2):467-81, xii
references: 15049588
references: J Urol. 1989 Apr;141(4):846-8
references: 2926877
references: J Orthop Res. 2005 Jul;23(4):931-41
references: 16023010
references: Urology. 1997 May;49(5A Suppl):14-40
references: 9145999
references: J Urol. 2004 Jun;171(6 Pt 1):2138-41
references: 15126772
references: J Urol. 1999 Feb;161(2):549-52
references: 9915446
references: FEBS Lett. 2005 Dec 19;579(30):6839-45
references: 16325181
references: PLoS One. 2013 May 15;8(5):e63760
references: 23691091
references: Stem Cell Res Ther. 2013 May 31;4(3):62
references: 23726287
references: Urology. 1997 May;49(5A Suppl):2-9
references: 9145997
references: Am J Sports Med. 2003 Mar-Apr;31(2):268-75
references: 12642264
references: Scand J Urol Nephrol. 2005;39(2):143-7
references: 16032779
references: Nat Clin Pract Urol. 2006 Jan;3(1):45-53
references: 16474494