title: Clinical characteristics and 1-year outcome of hyponatremic patients hospitalized for heart failure.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Previous studies have shown that hyponatremia is associated with unfavorable prognosis in patients with heart failure (HF). However, only few studies aimed at the evaluation of long-term outcome in hyponatremic patients hospitalized for HF.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to assess clinical characteristics and 1-year outcome of patients hospitalized for HF with hyponatremia at hospital admission.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study included 641 Polish participants of the HF Pilot Survey of the European Society of Cardiology. The primary endpoint was all-cause death at 1 year since index hospitalization. The secondary endpoint was all-cause death or rehospitalization for decompensated HF during a 1-year follow-up.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Hyponatremia occurred in 15.8% of 641 patients. On admission, hyponatremic patients were characterized by a higher New York Heart Association class, lower blood pressure, lower body mass index, and higher creatinine and lower hemoglobin concentrations on admission. Compared with normonatremic individuals, hyponatremic patients were at a higher risk of in-hospital death (1.9% vs 9.9%, P <0.0001), death at 1 year (10.4% vs 31.7%; P <0.0001), and death or rehospitalization at 1 year (35.9% vs 56.5%; P <0.0001). In multivariate analyses, hyponatremia was predictive of both the primary (hazard ratio [HR], 3.07; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.94-4.87; P <0.0001) and secondary endpoints (HR, 1.71; 95% CI, 1.16-2.52; P = 0.007). Hyponatremia was an independent predictor of the primary endpoint also in a subgroup of 621 patients who survived to hospital discharge (HR , 2.11; 95% CI, 1.15-3.86; P = 0.02).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hyponatremia is a common finding in patients hospitalized for HF. Even in patients who survive to hospital discharge, hyponatremia on admission remains an independent predictor of death in long-term follow-up.
authors: Agnieszka
authors: A
authors: Kapłon-Cieślicka
authors: Krzysztof
authors: K
authors: Ozierański
authors: Paweł
authors: P
authors: Balsam
authors: Agata
authors: A
authors: Tymińska
authors: Michał
authors: M
authors: Peller
authors: Michalina
authors: M
authors: Galas
authors: Marcin
authors: M
authors: Wyzgał
authors: Michał
authors: M
authors: Marchel
authors: Jarosław
authors: J
authors: Drożdż
authors: Grzegorz
authors: G
authors: Opolski
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002423:Cause of Death; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000150:complications / Q000401:mortality*; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D007010:Hyponatremia / Q000150:complications / Q000401:mortality*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011044:Poland; D011379:Prognosis