title: Assessment of the hemolysis and endothelial cell cytotoxicity induced by residual linear alkylbenzene sulfonates on pharmaceutical rubber stoppers based on HPLC-ESI-MS.
abstract: This study was designed to develop a high-performance liquid chromatographic-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS) method for quantitative determination of residual surfactant linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS) compounds on pharmaceutical rubber stoppers. An HPLC-ESI-MS method was developed for separation and determination of five LAS homologs (C10-C14) under gradient conditions using methanol and ammonium acetate as mobile phases. Hemolysis activity of residual LAS compounds was analyzed by spectrophotometry. Expression of interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) after LAS compound treatment was examined by enzyme-linked sorbent assay. LAS compounds were well separated and determined by the established gradient conditions. The linear range was 0.05-8 µg/mL with correlation coefficients ≥0.997. Recoveries were from 73 to 134% and the relative standard deviation was <13.7%. There was a correlation between hemolysis rate and LAS compounds concentration when it was ≥0.8 µg/cm(2). LAS compounds decreased the viability of HUVECs and promoted the production of IL-6 and TNF-α. The developed analytical method was successful for quantitative determination of residual LAS compounds on pharmaceutical rubber stoppers and it is important to monitor and control the amount of LAS compounds on rubber stoppers.
authors: School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, no. 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China.
authors: Xianghui
authors: X
authors: Li
authors: Shanghai Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau of the People's Republic of China, no. 1208 Minsheng Road, Shanghai, 200135, People's Republic of China.
authors: Lu
authors: L
authors: Qiu
authors: Department of Pharmacy, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, no. 225 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200438, People's Republic of China.
authors: Yueyue
authors: Y
authors: Li
authors: School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, no. 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China.
authors: Xiaofei
authors: X
authors: Chen
authors: School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, no. 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China.
authors: Zhenyu
authors: Z
authors: Zhu
authors: School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, no. 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China.
authors: Yifeng
authors: Y
authors: Chai
mesh_terms: D017738:Alkanesulfonic Acids / Q000032:analysis* / Q000633:toxicity*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D061307:Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism; D012408:Rubber / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; D013501:Surface-Active Agents / Q000032:analysis* / Q000633:toxicity*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D017738:Alkanesulfonic Acids; C508600:IL6 protein, human; D015850:Interleukin-6; D013501:Surface-Active Agents; C439524:TNF protein, human; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C030641:alkylbenzyl sulfonic acid; D012408:Rubber
keywords: HPLC-ESI/MS; cytotoxicity; hemolysis; linear alkyl benzene sulfonate; pharmaceutical rubber stoppers