title: Oxidative stress, apoptosis, and cell cycle arrest are induced in primary fetal alveolar type II epithelial cells exposed to fine particulate matter from cooking oil fumes.
abstract: Epidemiological studies demonstrate a linkage between morbidity and mortality and particulate matter (PM), particularly fine particulate matter (PM2.5) that can readily penetrate into the lungs and are therefore more likely to increase the incidence of respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. The present study investigated the compositions of cooking oil fume (COF)-derived PM2.5, which is the major source of indoor pollution in China. Furthermore, oxidative stress, cytotoxicity, apoptosis, and cell cycle arrest induced by COF-derived PM2.5 in primary fetal alveolar type II epithelial cells (AEC II cells) were also detected. N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), a radical scavenger, was used to identify the role of oxidative stress in the abovementioned processes. Our results suggested that compositions of COF-derived PM2.5 are obviously different to PM2.5 derived from other sources, and COF-derived PM2.5 led to cell death, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and G0/G1 cell arrest in primary fetal AEC II cells. Furthermore, the results also showed that COF-derived PM2.5 induced apoptosis through the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress pathway, which is indicated by the increased expression of ER stress-related apoptotic markers, namely GRP78 and caspase-12. Besides, the induction of oxidative stress, cytotoxicity, apoptosis, and cell cycle arrest was reversed by pretreatment with NAC. These findings strongly suggested that COF-derived PM2.5-induced toxicity in primary fetal AEC II cells is mediated by increased oxidative stress, accompanied by ER stress which results in apoptosis.
authors: Department of Occupational and Environmental, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, China.
authors: Ying
authors: Y
authors: Liu
authors: Yan-Yan
authors: YY
authors: Chen
authors: Ji-Yu
authors: JY
authors: Cao
authors: Fang-Biao
authors: FB
authors: Tao
authors: Xiao-Xia
authors: XX
authors: Zhu
authors: Ci-Jiang
authors: CJ
authors: Yao
authors: Dao-Jun
authors: DJ
authors: Chen
authors: Zhen
authors: Z
authors: Che
authors: Qi-Hong
authors: QH
authors: Zhao
authors: Long-Ping
authors: LP
authors: Wen
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000633:toxicity*; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D059447:Cell Cycle Checkpoints; D002460:Cell Line; D002681:China; D003296:Cooking; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D008168:Lung / Q000166:cytology; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D052638:Particulate Matter
references: Environ Sci Technol. 2011 Oct 1;45(19):8545-51
references: 21842833
references: Environ Health Perspect. 2014 Jun;122(6):624-30
references: 24618231
references: Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2010 Oct;299(4):C736-49
references: 20554909
references: Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 2010 Apr;42(4):442-9
references: 19520919
references: Am J Epidemiol. 2014 Jan 1;179(1):67-74
references: 24068199
references: Int J Hyg Environ Health. 2013 Jul;216(4):395-401
references: 23333083
references: Toxicol In Vitro. 2010 Feb;24(1):135-41
references: 19699290
references: Part Fibre Toxicol. 2013 Apr 29;10:17
references: 23628000
references: Arch Environ Contam Toxicol. 2014 Jul;67(1):87-96
references: 24327098
references: Inhal Toxicol. 2011 Mar;23(4):237-45
references: 21456956
references: Bioresour Technol. 2009 Dec;100(23):5796-801
references: 19592239
references: J Nutr. 2011 Sep;141(9):1705-11
references: 21734061
references: Am J Physiol. 1998 Nov;275(5 Pt 1):L942-9
references: 9815112
references: Curr Colorectal Cancer Rep. 2013 Dec;9(4):null
references: 24273467
references: Am J Epidemiol. 2013 Sep 15;178(6):865-76
references: 23887042
references: Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2012 Feb 15;259(1):66-73
references: 22197715
references: Environ Toxicol Pharmacol. 2013 Sep;36(2):320-31
references: 23708313
references: Environ Mol Mutagen. 2008 May;49(4):265-75
references: 18338377
references: Bioresour Technol. 2010 Oct;101(19):7658-60
references: 20547058
references: Environ Pollut. 2013 Dec;183:19-29
references: 23462618
references: Anal Bioanal Chem. 2011 Dec;401(10):3095-102
references: 21769554
references: J Atheroscler Thromb. 2013;20(3):296-309
references: 23171730
references: Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2013 Jan 1;266(1):48-55
references: 23142465
references: Mutat Res Genet Toxicol Environ Mutagen. 2014 Feb;761:35-43
references: 24463316
references: J Environ Sci (China). 2012;24(7):1225-33
references: 23513443
references: Biochem J. 1994 Feb 15;298 ( Pt 1):223-9
references: 8129723
references: Environ Mol Mutagen. 2004;44(2):99-107
references: 15278913
references: Environ Toxicol. 2014 Feb;29(2):226-33
references: 22331617
references: Circulation. 2004 Jun 1;109(21):2655-71
references: 15173049
references: Sci Total Environ. 2012 May 15;425:176-83
references: 22154210
references: Environ Health Perspect. 2013 Jul;121(7):804-10
references: 23632126
references: Anal Bioanal Chem. 2013 Jan;405(2-3):1123-32
references: 23052877
references: Inhal Toxicol. 2007 Oct;19(13):1079-87
references: 17957548
references: Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2011;20(3):439-46
references: 21859664
references: Part Fibre Toxicol. 2011 Jan 27;8(1):6
references: 21272353
references: Part Fibre Toxicol. 2010 Jul 21;7:18
references: 20663163