title: Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal cells feature selective migration behavior on submicro- and nano-dimensional multi-patterned substrates.
abstract: This study investigated whether cells have an intrinsic ability to recognize nanopatterns, which could lead to their accumulation or diminution on a biomaterial. A multi-patterned "biochip" was made, containing 36 differently designed surfaces, including squares and grooves varying in feature sizes between 10 and 1000 nm. The grooved patterns could additionally be subdivided into three groups having ridge to groove ratios of 1:1, 1:3 and 3:1. These substrates were used for culture of rat bone marrow derived mesenchymal cells. In time cells should accumulate on patterns of preference, while migrating away from patterns of disfavor. A regression analysis model was designed for the analysis of the obtained data. Results showed that strong differences existed between the tested patterns regarding the cellular affinity. All sizes of squares showed strong cell-repelling capacity, with the biggest sized squares displaying up to 40% less cells compared to the smooth surface. Among the nano-grooved patterns cell repelling was seen for the grooves with the ridge to groove ratio of 1:3, while grooves with the ridge to groove ratio of 3:1 partially showed cell attraction. Such effects were shown to be based on selective migration rather than proliferation. In conclusion, the use of a multi-patterned biochip setup allows for enhanced evaluation of cell behavior, as compared to uniformly patterned setups. Cells exhibit the ability to actively avoid or migrate to surfaces featuring certain topographies on nanometric scale. Such phenomena may be utilized for the development of biomaterials in regenerative medicine.
authors: Department of Biomaterials, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors: Alexey
authors: A
authors: Klymov
authors: Department of Biomaterials, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors: Ewald M
authors: EM
authors: Bronkhorst
authors: Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors: Joost
authors: J
authors: Te Riet
authors: Department of Biomaterials, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors: John A
authors: JA
authors: Jansen
authors: Department of Biomaterials, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. Electronic address: Frank.Walboomers@radboudumc.nl.
authors: X Frank
authors: XF
authors: Walboomers
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001854:Bone Marrow Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects*; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000648:ultrastructure; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D010316:Particle Size; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials
keywords: Cell–surface interactions; Migration; Nanotopography; Proliferation; Surface topography