title: Patients' expectations of medicines--a review and qualitative synthesis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  An increasing part of prescribing of medicines is done for the purpose of managing risk for disease and is motivated by clinical and economic benefit on a long-term, population level. This makes benefit from medicines less tangible for individuals. Sociology of pharmaceuticals includes personal and social perspectives in the study of how medicines are used. We use two characterizations of patients' expectations of medicines to start forming a description of how individuals conceptualize benefits from risk management medicines.
  We reviewed the literature on patients' expectations with a focus on the influences on expectations regarding medicines prescribed for long-term conditions. Searches in Medline and Scopus identified 20 studies for inclusion, describing qualitative aspects of beliefs, views, thoughts and expectations regarding medicines.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A qualitative synthesis using a constant comparative thematic analysis identified four themes describing influences on expectations: a need to achieve a specific outcome; the development of experiences and evaluation over time; negative values such as dependency and social stigma; and personalized meaning of the necessity and usefulness of medicines.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings in this synthesis resonate with previous research into expectations of medicines for prevention and treatment of different conditions. However, a gap in the knowledge regarding patients' conceptualization of future benefits with medicines is identified. The study highlights suggestions for further empirical work to develop a deeper understanding of the role of patients' expectations in prescribing for long-term risk management.
authors: Department of Health Services Research, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
authors: Ulrica
authors: U
authors: Dohnhammar
authors: Department of Health Services Research, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
authors: Joanne
authors: J
authors: Reeve
authors: Department of Health Services Research, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
authors: Tom
authors: T
authors: Walley
mesh_terms: D001294:Attitude to Health; D004358:Drug Therapy / Q000523:psychology*; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D055118:Medication Adherence; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D036301:Qualitative Research; D012308:Risk Management
keywords: long-term conditions; management of risk; patient expectations; prescribing; sociology of pharmaceuticals
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