title: Neural evidence that conscious awareness of errors is reduced in depression following a traumatic brain injury.
abstract: Impaired error awareness is related to poorer outcome following traumatic brain injury (TBI). Error awareness deficits are also found in major depressive disorder (MDD), but have not been examined in the MDD that follows a TBI (TBI-MDD). This study assessed neural activity related to error awareness in TBI-MDD. Four groups completed a response inhibition task while EEG was recorded- healthy controls (N = 15), MDD-only (N = 15), TBI-only (N = 16), and TBI-MDD (N = 12). Error related EEG activity was compared using powerful randomisation statistics that included all electrodes and time points. Participants with TBI-MDD displayed less frontally distributed neural activity, suggesting reduced contribution from frontal generating sources. Neural activity during this time window is thought to reflect conscious awareness of errors. The TBI-only and MDD-only groups did not differ from controls, and early error processing was unaffected, suggesting early error detection is intact.
authors: Monash Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre, Alfred Hospital and Monash University, School of Psychology, Psychiatry and Psychological Medicine, Melbourne, VIC, Australia. Electronic address: neilwbailey@gmail.com.
authors: N W
authors: NW
authors: Bailey
authors: Monash Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre, Alfred Hospital and Monash University, School of Psychology, Psychiatry and Psychological Medicine, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
authors: K E
authors: KE
authors: Hoy
authors: Monash Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre, Alfred Hospital and Monash University, School of Psychology, Psychiatry and Psychological Medicine, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
authors: J J
authors: JJ
authors: Maller
authors: School of Psychological Sciences, Melbourne University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
authors: D J
authors: DJ
authors: Upton
authors: Monash Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre, Alfred Hospital and Monash University, School of Psychology, Psychiatry and Psychological Medicine, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
authors: R A
authors: RA
authors: Segrave
authors: Monash Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre, Alfred Hospital and Monash University, School of Psychology, Psychiatry and Psychological Medicine, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
authors: B M
authors: BM
authors: Fitzgibbon
authors: Monash Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre, Alfred Hospital and Monash University, School of Psychology, Psychiatry and Psychological Medicine, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
authors: P B
authors: PB
authors: Fitzgerald
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000339:Affect; D000368:Aged; D001364:Awareness; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology*; D003243:Consciousness; D003863:Depression / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology*; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D039721:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; D004569:Electroencephalography; D004644:Emotions; D005071:Evoked Potentials; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010775:Photic Stimulation; D011597:Psychomotor Performance; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Electroencephalography (EEG); Error positivity (Pe); Error related negativity (ERN); Major depressive disorder (MDD); Traumatic brain injury (TBI)