title: Exploring cancer metastasis prevention strategy: interrupting adhesion of cancer cells to vascular endothelia of potential metastatic tissues by antibody-coated nanomaterial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cancer metastasis caused by circulating tumor cells (CTCs) accounts for 90% cancer-related death worldwide. Blocking the circulation of CTCs in bloodstream and their hetero-adhesion to vascular endothelia of the distant metastatic organs may prevent cancer metastasis. Nanomaterial-based intervention with adhesion between CTCs and endothelia has not been reported. Driven by the novel idea that multivalent conjugation of EpCAM and Slex antibodies to dendrimer surface may enhance the capacity and specificity of the nanomaterial conjugates for capturing and down-regulating colorectal CTCs, we conjugated the dendrimer nanomaterial with the EpCAM and Slex antibodies, and examined the capacity of the dual antibody-coated nanomaterial for their roles in interrupting CTCs-related cancer metastasis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The antibody-coated nanomaterial was synthesized and characterized. The conjugates specifically bound and captured colon cancer cells SW620. The conjugate inhibited the cells' viability and their adhesion to fibronectin (Fn)-coated substrate or human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in a concentration-dependent manner. In comparison with SW480 and LoVo cell lines, the activity and adhesion of SW620 to Fn-coated substrate and HUVECs were more specifically inhibited by the dual antibody conjugate because of the higher levels of EpCAM and Slex on SW620 cell surface. The hetero-adhesion between SW620 and Fn-coated substrate, or HUVECs was inhibited by about 60-70%. The dual conjugate showed the inhibition capacity more significant than its corresponding single antibody conjugates.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study provides the new evidence that coating nanomaterials with more than one antibody against CTCs may effectively interfere with the interaction between SW620 and HUVECs.
authors: Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, and Biopharmaceutical Photocatalysis of State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, 523 Industry Road, Science Building, 3FL, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China. xiejing910016@163.com.
authors: Jingjing
authors: J
authors: Xie
authors: Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, and Biopharmaceutical Photocatalysis of State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, 523 Industry Road, Science Building, 3FL, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China. 59144079@qq.com.
authors: Haiyan
authors: H
authors: Dong
authors: Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, and Biopharmaceutical Photocatalysis of State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, 523 Industry Road, Science Building, 3FL, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China. 694778168@qq.com.
authors: Hongning
authors: H
authors: Chen
authors: Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, and Biopharmaceutical Photocatalysis of State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, 523 Industry Road, Science Building, 3FL, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China. 1297807259@qq.com.
authors: Rongli
authors: R
authors: Zhao
authors: Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA. sinko@rutgers.edu.
authors: Patrick J
authors: PJ
authors: Sinko
authors: Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, and Biopharmaceutical Photocatalysis of State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, 523 Industry Road, Science Building, 3FL, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China. 1551897311@qq.com.
authors: Weiyu
authors: W
authors: Shen
authors: Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, and Biopharmaceutical Photocatalysis of State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, 523 Industry Road, Science Building, 3FL, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China. wjchuang2008@sina.com.
authors: Jichuang
authors: J
authors: Wang
authors: Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, and Biopharmaceutical Photocatalysis of State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, 523 Industry Road, Science Building, 3FL, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China. 378148425@qq.com.
authors: Yusheng
authors: Y
authors: Lu
authors: Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, and Biopharmaceutical Photocatalysis of State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, 523 Industry Road, Science Building, 3FL, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China. 102625924@qq.com.
authors: Xiang
authors: X
authors: Yang
authors: Department of Medicine Oncology, East Hospital of Xiamen University, Fuzhou, 350004, China. zjxfw@tom.com.
authors: Fangwei
authors: F
authors: Xie
authors: Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, and Biopharmaceutical Photocatalysis of State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, 523 Industry Road, Science Building, 3FL, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China. cmapcjia1234@163.com.
authors: Lee
authors: L
authors: Jia
mesh_terms: D000906:Antibodies / Q000737:chemistry; D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm / Q000276:immunology; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects*; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules / Q000276:immunology; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor / Q000187:drug effects; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D050091:Dendrimers / Q000737:chemistry; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000166:cytology*; D000071858:Epithelial Cell Adhesion Molecule; D005353:Fibronectins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D061307:Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D053078:Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial / Q000187:drug effects; D049329:Nanostructures / Q000737:chemistry; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis / Q000517:prevention & control; D009360:Neoplastic Cells, Circulating / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D000906:Antibodies; D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; D050091:Dendrimers; D000071858:Epithelial Cell Adhesion Molecule; D005353:Fibronectins; C104700:PAMAM Starburst
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