title: Role of cholesterol in SNARE-mediated trafficking on intracellular membranes.
abstract: The cell surface delivery of extracellular matrix (ECM) and integrins is fundamental for cell migration in wound healing and during cancer cell metastasis. This process is not only driven by several soluble NSF attachment protein (SNAP) receptor (SNARE) proteins, which are key players in vesicle transport at the cell surface and intracellular compartments, but is also tightly modulated by cholesterol. Cholesterol-sensitive SNAREs at the cell surface are relatively well characterized, but it is less well understood how altered cholesterol levels in intracellular compartments impact on SNARE localization and function. Recent insights from structural biology, protein chemistry and cell microscopy have suggested that a subset of the SNAREs engaged in exocytic and retrograde pathways dynamically 'sense' cholesterol levels in the Golgi and endosomal membranes. Hence, the transport routes that modulate cellular cholesterol distribution appear to trigger not only a change in the location and functioning of SNAREs at the cell surface but also in endomembranes. In this Commentary, we will discuss how disrupted cholesterol transport through the Golgi and endosomal compartments ultimately controls SNARE-mediated delivery of ECM and integrins to the cell surface and, consequently, cell migration.
authors: Departament de Biologia Cellular, Immunologia i Neurociències, Centre de Recerca Biomèdica CELLEX, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS). Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036-Barcelona, Spain enrich@ub.edu thomas.grewal@sydney.edu.au.
authors: Carlos
authors: C
authors: Enrich
authors: Departament de Biologia Cellular, Immunologia i Neurociències, Centre de Recerca Biomèdica CELLEX, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS). Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036-Barcelona, Spain.
authors: Carles
authors: C
authors: Rentero
authors: Structural Biology Unit, CIC bioGUNE, Bizkaia Technology Park, 48160 Derio; IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain.
authors: Aitor
authors: A
authors: Hierro
authors: Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia enrich@ub.edu thomas.grewal@sydney.edu.au.
authors: Thomas
authors: T
authors: Grewal
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007425:Intracellular Membranes / Q000378:metabolism*; D021381:Protein Transport; D050600:SNARE Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D050600:SNARE Proteins; D002784:Cholesterol
keywords: Cell migration; Cholesterol; Integrin trafficking; Recycling endosome; SNARE protein; Trans-Golgi network