title: Unprecedented genomic diversity of RNA viruses in arthropods reveals the ancestry of negative-sense RNA viruses.
abstract: Although arthropods are important viral vectors, the biodiversity of arthropod viruses, as well as the role that arthropods have played in viral origins and evolution, is unclear. Through RNA sequencing of 70 arthropod species we discovered 112 novel viruses that appear to be ancestral to much of the documented genetic diversity of negative-sense RNA viruses, a number of which are also present as endogenous genomic copies. With this greatly enriched diversity we revealed that arthropods contain viruses that fall basal to major virus groups, including the vertebrate-specific arenaviruses, filoviruses, hantaviruses, influenza viruses, lyssaviruses, and paramyxoviruses. We similarly documented a remarkable diversity of genome structures in arthropod viruses, including a putative circular form, that sheds new light on the evolution of genome organization. Hence, arthropods are a major reservoir of viral genetic diversity and have likely been central to viral evolution.
authors: State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
authors: Ci-Xiu
authors: CX
authors: Li
authors: State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
authors: Mang
authors: M
authors: Shi
authors: Wuhan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, China.
authors: Jun-Hua
authors: JH
authors: Tian
authors: Wenzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wenzhou, China.
authors: Xian-Dan
authors: XD
authors: Lin
authors: State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
authors: Yan-Jun
authors: YJ
authors: Kang
authors: State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
authors: Liang-Jun
authors: LJ
authors: Chen
authors: State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
authors: Xin-Cheng
authors: XC
authors: Qin
authors: State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
authors: Jianguo
authors: J
authors: Xu
authors: State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
authors: Edward C
authors: EC
authors: Holmes
authors: State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
authors: Yong-Zhen
authors: YZ
authors: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001181:Arthropods / Q000821:virology*; D044822:Biodiversity; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D016678:Genome; D010802:Phylogeny; D012328:RNA Viruses / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics*
keywords: RNA virus; arthropods; evolution; infectious disease; microbiology; negative-sense; phylogeny; segmentation; viruses
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