title: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs as a treatment for Alzheimer's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of treatment effect.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the cause of more than two-thirds of all dementia cases. Although there is no effective treatment against this disorder, its association with neuroinflammation suggests that non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) might represent a potential therapeutic option.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of NSAIDs in the treatment of AD using a meta-analysis approach.
  
  
  METHODS
  MEDLINE, Web of Science, Science Direct, and the Cochrane Library were used to search all the randomized controlled trials that have evaluated the efficacy of NSAIDs as a treatment for AD (up to 1 October 2014). The overall effect of NSAIDs versus placebo was determined using a random effects model meta-analysis where we compared changes (i.e., mean differences pre- vs. post-treatment) between the two conditions in test scores indicative of cognition, disease severity, and related outcomes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seven studies were finally included in the meta-analysis. Diclofenac/misoprostol, nimesulide, naproxen, rofecoxib, ibuprofen, indomethacin, tarenflurbil, and celecoxib were the NSAIDs used in these reports. The results of the AD Assessment Scale-cognitive subscale (ADAS-cog), the Clinical Dementia Rating Scale sum-of-boxes (CDR-SOB), and the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) showed no statistical or clinical significance of NSAIDs treatment compared with placebo, i.e., mean differences of -0.24 (95% Confidence Interval (CI) -1.04 to 0.57; P = 0.52), -0.07 (95% CI -0.7 to 0.56; P = 0.82), and 0.35 (95% CI -0.34 to 1.04; P = 0.32), respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Current preliminary evidence suggests no beneficial effect of NSAIDs on cognition or overall AD severity. Thus, although more research is needed in the field, the evidence available does not support the use of NSAIDs for AD treatment.
authors: Faculty of Health Science, Ponferrada Campus, University of León, Avenida de Astorga s/n, 24400, Ponferrada, León, Spain.
authors: Marina
authors: M
authors: Miguel-Álvarez
authors: Alejandro
authors: A
authors: Santos-Lozano
authors: Fabian
authors: F
authors: Sanchis-Gomar
authors: Carmen
authors: C
authors: Fiuza-Luces
authors: Helios
authors: H
authors: Pareja-Galeano
authors: Nuria
authors: N
authors: Garatachea
authors: Alejandro
authors: A
authors: Lucia
mesh_terms: D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000188:drug therapy*; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D003071:Cognition / Q000187:drug effects; D003704:Dementia / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal
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