title: Specification of excitatory neurons in the developing cerebral cortex: progenitor diversity and environmental influences.
abstract: The mature cerebral cortex harbors a heterogeneous population of glutamatergic neurons, organized into a highly intricate histological architecture. Classically, this mixed population of neurons was thought to be generated sequentially from a seemingly homogenous group of progenitors under the influence of external cues. This view, however, has been challenged in the last decade by evidences pointing to the existence of fate-restricted neuronal progenitors in the developing neocortex. Here, we review classical studies using cell transplantation, retroviral labeling and cell culture, as well as new data from genetic fate-mapping analysis, to discuss the lineage relationships between neocortical progenitors and subclasses of excitatory neurons. We also propose a temporal model to conciliate the existence of fate-restricted progenitors alongside multipotent progenitors in the neocortex. Finally, we discuss evidences for a critical period of plasticity among post mitotic excitatory cortical neurons when environmental influences could change neuronal cell fate.
authors: Brain Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte Natal, Brazil.
authors: Marcos R
authors: MR
authors: Costa
authors: Dorris Neuroscience Center and Department of Cell Biology, The Scripps Research Institute La Jolla, CA, USA.
authors: Ulrich
authors: U
authors: Müller
keywords: cerebral cortex; development; excitatory neurons; neuronal specification; progenitor diversity
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