title: Adipocytokines and hepatic fibrosis.
abstract: Obesity and metabolic syndrome pose significant risk for the progression of many types of chronic illness, including liver disease. Hormones released from adipocytes, adipocytokines, associated with obesity and metabolic syndrome, have been shown to control hepatic inflammation and fibrosis. Hepatic fibrosis is the final common pathway that can result in cirrhosis, and can ultimately require liver transplantation. Initially, two key adipocytokines, leptin and adiponectin, appeared to control many fundamental aspects of the cell and molecular biology related to hepatic fibrosis and its resolution. Leptin appears to act as a profibrogenic molecule, while adiponectin has strong-antifibrotic properties. In this review, we emphasize pertinent data associated with these and other recently discovered adipocytokines that may drive or halt the fibrogenic response in the liver.
authors: University of Maryland School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Howard Hall, Room 301, 660W. Redwood Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA. Electronic address: nsaxena@medicine.umaryland.edu.
authors: Neeraj K
authors: NK
authors: Saxena
authors: Emory University School of Medicine, Division of Digestive Diseases, Suite 201, 615 Michael Street, NE, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA. Electronic address: fanania@emory.edu.
authors: Frank A
authors: FA
authors: Anania
mesh_terms: D054392:Adipokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D005234:Fatty Liver / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000502:physiology*; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D008103:Liver Cirrhosis / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D054392:Adipokines
keywords: adipocytokines; adiponectin; hepatic stellate cells; leptin; liver fibrosis
references: Int J Endocrinol. 2012;2012:549748
references: 22550485
references: Biomed Res Int. 2014;2014:869390
references: 25254217
references: Annu Rev Pathol. 2011;6:425-56
references: 21073339
references: J Endocrinol. 2014 Oct;223(1):T71-81
references: 24973357
references: Hepatology. 2008 Oct;48(4):1193-201
references: 18816630
references: J Clin Invest. 2013 May;123(5):1887-901
references: 23635787
references: Metabolism. 2015 Jan;64(1):13-23
references: 25305050
references: Gastroenterology. 2014 Jul;147(1):41-7
references: 24814904
references: Metabolism. 2015 Jan;64(1):60-78
references: 25456097
references: Compr Physiol. 2013 Oct;3(4):1473-92
references: 24265236
references: Hepatology. 2012 Dec;56(6):2142-53
references: 22467277
references: J Neuroimmune Pharmacol. 2014 Jun;9(3):388-98
references: 24562631
references: Int J Exp Pathol. 2011 Dec;92(6):413-21
references: 22118645
references: Exp Mol Med. 2014 Jan 17;46:e72
references: 24434628
references: Dig Dis Sci. 2011 Dec;56(12):3439-49
references: 21655948
references: Eur J Med Res. 2013 May 01;18:12
references: 23634778
references: Curr Pharm Des. 2010 Jun;16(17):1929-40
references: 20370673
references: Front Pharmacol. 2014 Apr 10;5:69
references: 24782773
references: Nature. 2013 Nov 28;503(7477):493-9
references: 24172895
references: Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2013 Oct 15;305(8):C789-99
references: 23903700
references: J Lipid Res. 2014 Feb;55(2):276-88
references: 24293639
references: Biochem J. 2011 Dec 15;440(3):385-95
references: 21846328
references: World J Gastroenterol. 2013 Jul 28;19(28):4475-85
references: 23901222
references: World J Gastroenterol. 2011 Jun 21;17(23):2801-11
references: 21734787
references: World J Gastroenterol. 2014 Nov 14;20(42):15532-8
references: 25400437
references: Cardiovasc J Afr. 2011 May-Jun;22(3):147-54
references: 21713306
references: Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2009 Jul;12(4):404-11
references: 19474722
references: FASEB J. 2014 Dec;28(12):5172-83
references: 25154876
references: Arch Biochem Biophys. 2014 Apr 15;548:20-37
references: 24631571
references: Curr Med Chem. 2012;19(32):5467-73
references: 22876924
references: Gastroenterology. 2014 Sep;147(3):577-594.e1
references: 25066692
references: Mol Med Rep. 2014 Oct;10(4):1992-8
references: 25050741
references: Eur J Endocrinol. 2013 Oct 01;169(5):547-57
references: 23935128
references: Differentiation. 2013 Oct;86(3):112-20
references: 23969122
references: Obes Facts. 2013;6(1):57-69
references: 23429279
references: Trends Cardiovasc Med. 2014 Nov;24(8):319-24
references: 25220977
references: J Pept Sci. 2014 May;20(5):299-306
references: 24596079
references: PLoS One. 2014 Aug 06;9(8):e103793
references: 25099270
references: Biotechnol Appl Biochem. 2015 Nov-Dec;62(6):848-54
references: 25471552
references: Arthritis Res Ther. 2012 Oct 23;14(5):R229
references: 23092446
references: Hepatology. 2009 Sep;50(3):880-92
references: 19593819
references: Hepatology. 2013 Aug;58(2):564-75
references: 23300015
references: Adv Pharmacol Sci. 2014;2014:373295
references: 25505905
references: Exp Biol Med (Maywood). 2012 Jan;237(1):1-9
references: 22238286
references: Mol Cell Biochem. 2009 May;325(1-2):131-9
references: 19191008
references: Hepatology. 2014 Mar;59(3):1060-72
references: 24481979
references: J Clin Invest. 2013 May;123(5):1902-10
references: 23635788
references: Mamm Genome. 2014 Oct;25(9-10):442-54
references: 25146550
references: Endocrinology. 2007 Oct;148(10):4687-94
references: 17640997
references: J Physiol. 2012 Feb 1;590(3):447-58
references: 22124143
references: Br J Pharmacol. 2013 May;169(1):197-212
references: 23347184
references: Cell Signal. 2013 Jan;25(1):264-8
references: 23063463
references: Metabolism. 2015 Jan;64(1):5-12
references: 25467841
references: Hepatology. 2012 May;55(5):1540-50
references: 22183953
references: Mol Med. 2011;17(11-12):1397-410
references: 21738955
references: Clin Sci (Lond). 2012 Dec;123(12):669-80
references: 22734967
references: Int J Cancer. 2013 Oct 15;133(8):1776-83
references: 23404222
references: Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol. 2011 Apr;25(2):195-206
references: 21497738
references: Lipids Health Dis. 2013 Feb 06;12:11
references: 23388073
references: J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2012 Mar;27 Suppl 2:65-8
references: 22320919
references: Science. 2005 Jan 21;307(5708):426-30
references: 15604363
references: Front Pharmacol. 2014 Jul 22;5:167
references: 25100997
references: Liver Int. 2015 Apr;35(4):1341-53
references: 25443620
references: Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2014 Jun;34(6):1155-61
references: 24743428
references: Transl Res. 2014 Oct;164(4):312-22
references: 25028077
references: Arq Bras Endocrinol Metabol. 2010 Nov;54(8):690-7
references: 21340154
references: BMC Biotechnol. 2011 Oct 05;11:90
references: 21974986
references: J Cell Physiol. 2012 Feb;227(2):493-507
references: 21465481
references: Curr Pharm Des. 2010 Jun;16(17):1902-12
references: 20370676
references: J Hepatol. 2014 Oct;61(4):912-24
references: 24911462
references: Biochim Biophys Acta. 2014 Dec;1842(12 Pt A):2367-77
references: 25305367
references: Gene Expr. 2014;16(2):77-84
references: 24801168
references: PLoS One. 2012;7(4):e34952
references: 22496878
references: Curr Pathobiol Rep. 2014;2(4):209-215
references: 25401051
references: Dig Dis. 2011;29(4):371-6
references: 21894007
references: Front Immunol. 2014 Apr 23;5:177
references: 24795720
references: BMC Biochem. 2011 May 23;12:24
references: 21600065
references: Endocrinology. 2014 Jun;155(6):2254-65
references: 24684303
references: BMC Gastroenterol. 2014 Feb 23;14:39
references: 24559185
references: J Biol Chem. 2010 Nov 19;285(47):36551-60
references: 20843817
references: Mol Med. 2012 Feb 10;18:10-8
references: 21979752
references: Hepatology. 2015 Mar;61(3):1066-79
references: 25066777
references: Hepatology. 2010 Apr;51(4):1438-44
references: 20209607
references: PLoS One. 2014 Oct 13;9(10):e110405
references: 25310107
references: Fibrogenesis Tissue Repair. 2012 Jun 06;5(Suppl 1):S17
references: 23259769
references: Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2012 Jun 1;302(11):G1310-21
references: 22442158
references: Curr Opin Oncol. 2014 Jan;26(1):100-7
references: 24275855
references: Hepatology. 2014 Jul;60(1):334-48
references: 24619965
references: Endocrine. 2011 Aug;40(1):1-9
references: 21725702
references: J Diabetes Res. 2013;2013:170532
references: 23762871
references: World J Hepatol. 2014 Aug 27;6(8):570-9
references: 25232450