title: Rising to the challenge: accelerated pace of discovery transforms marine virology.
abstract: Marine viruses have important roles in microbial mortality, gene transfer, metabolic reprogramming and biogeochemical cycling. In this Review, we discuss recent technological advances in marine virology including the use of near-quantitative, reproducible metagenomics for large-scale investigation of viral communities and the emergence of gene-based viral ecology. We also describe the reprogramming of microbially driven processes by viral metabolic genes, the identification of novel viruses using cultivation-dependent and cultivation-independent tools, and the potential for modelling studies to provide a framework for studying virus-host interactions. These transformative advances have set a rapid pace in exploring and predicting how marine viruses manipulate and respond to their environment.
authors: Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA.
authors: Jennifer R
authors: JR
authors: Brum
authors: Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA.
authors: Matthew B
authors: MB
authors: Sullivan
mesh_terms: D058448:Biota; D056186:Metagenomics / Q000379:methods / Q000639:trends; D012623:Seawater / Q000821:virology*; D014773:Virology / Q000379:methods / Q000639:trends
references: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2002 Oct 29;99(22):14250-5
references: 12384570
references: PLoS One. 2013;8(2):e57355
references: 23468974
references: PLoS Biol. 2007 Mar;5(3):e77
references: 17355176
references: Nature. 2013 Jul 11;499(7457):219-22
references: 23748443
references: Appl Environ Microbiol. 1999 Jan;65(1):45-52
references: 9872758
references: Environ Microbiol Rep. 2011 Apr;3(2):195-202
references: 21572525
references: Science. 2014 Jan 10;343(6167):183-6
references: 24408433
references: Proc Biol Sci. 2004 Mar 22;271(1539):565-74
references: 15156913
references: Trends Microbiol. 2013 Jan;21(1):1-5
references: 23140888
references: ISME J. 2012 Feb;6(2):273-84
references: 21833038
references: Environ Microbiol. 2009 Nov;11(11):2935-51
references: 19840100
references: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2013 Jul 23;110(30):12343-8
references: 23798439
references: ISME J. 2013 Nov;7(11):2169-77
references: 23842650
references: Environ Microbiol. 2013 May;15(5):1428-40
references: 22845467
references: Nature. 1989 Aug 10;340(6233):467-8
references: 2755508
references: ISME J. 2013 Mar;7(3):520-32
references: 23178671
references: Environ Microbiol. 2006 May;8(5):827-35
references: 16623740
references: Environ Microbiol. 2014 Aug;16(8):2501-13
references: 24428166
references: Appl Environ Microbiol. 1999 Jan;65(1):231-40
references: 9872784
references: Environ Microbiol. 2005 Oct;7(10):1505-13
references: 16156724
references: Environ Microbiol. 2012 Sep;14(9):2526-37
references: 22713159
references: Syst Biol. 2001 Aug;50(4):470-8
references: 12116647
references: PLoS Biol. 2007 Mar;5(3):e16
references: 17355171
references: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2013 Jul 30;110(31):12798-803
references: 23858439
references: Annu Rev Microbiol. 1985;39:321-46
references: 3904603
references: Appl Environ Microbiol. 2000 Jun;66(6):2283-9
references: 10831400
references: Microbiol Mol Biol Rev. 2000 Mar;64(1):69-114
references: 10704475
references: J Bacteriol. 2007 Jun;189(12):4510-9
references: 17449623
references: Appl Environ Microbiol. 2011 Nov;77(21):7663-8
references: 21926223
references: Virology. 2012 Dec 20;434(2):181-6
references: 23084423
references: Nat Rev Microbiol. 2005 Jun;3(6):504-10
references: 15886693
references: Nat Rev Microbiol. 2012 May 14;10(6):381-94
references: 22580367
references: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004 Jul 27;101(30):11013-8
references: 15256601
references: Science. 2006 Jan 27;311(5760):496-503
references: 16439655
references: F1000 Biol Rep. 2012;4:17
references: 22991582
references: ISME J. 2014 Apr;8(4):816-29
references: 24196323
references: Appl Environ Microbiol. 1993 Oct;59(10):3393-9
references: 16349072
references: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2014 Jul 22;111(29):10714-9
references: 25002514
references: Microbiome. 2014 Mar 26;2(1):9
references: 24666644
references: Nature. 2014 Sep 11;513(7517):242-5
references: 25043051
references: Appl Environ Microbiol. 2012 Feb;78(3):892-4
references: 22138992
references: J Bacteriol. 2001 Jan;183(1):358-66
references: 11114936
references: PLoS Biol. 2005 May;3(5):e144
references: 15828858
references: Nature. 2011 Jun 29;474(7353):604-8
references: 21720364
references: ISME J. 2008 Jun;2(6):579-89
references: 18521076
references: J Gen Virol. 2009 Oct;90(Pt 10):2418-2424
references: 19570956
references: Environ Microbiol. 2010 Nov;12(11):3035-56
references: 20662890
references: Bioinformatics. 2011 Nov 1;27(21):3074-5
references: 21911332
references: ISME J. 2015 Feb;9(2):472-84
references: 25093636
references: Appl Environ Microbiol. 1998 Jun;64(6):2051-60
references: 9603813
references: mBio. 2012 Oct 30;3(6):
references: 23111870
references: Nat Protoc. 2013 Apr;8(4):737-48
references: 23493070
references: Science. 2006 Jun 23;312(5781):1795-8
references: 16794078
references: Science. 1997 May 2;276(5313):734-40
references: 9115194
references: ISME J. 2011 Jul;5(7):1178-90
references: 21307954
references: BMC Genomics. 2009 May 16;10:229
references: 19445709
references: Appl Environ Microbiol. 2008 Mar;74(5):1453-63
references: 18192407
references: Cell. 2003 Apr 18;113(2):141
references: 12705861
references: PLoS One. 2012;7(7):e40418
references: 22808158
references: ISME J. 2013 Jul;7(7):1274-85
references: 23446831
references: Science. 2008 May 23;320(5879):1034-9
references: 18497287
references: Nature. 1999 Jun 10;399(6736):541-8
references: 10376593
references: BMC Genomics. 2013 May 10;14:320
references: 23663384
references: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2012 Mar 20;109(12):4544-9
references: 22388749
references: Nature. 2005 Nov 3;438(7064):86-9
references: 16222247
references: Open Biol. 2013 Dec 11;3(12):130160
references: 24335607
references: PLoS Comput Biol. 2012;8(8):e1002657
references: 22927809
references: ISME J. 2010 Jun;4(6):739-51
references: 20147985
references: Nature. 2001 Jan 25;409(6819):507-10
references: 11206545
references: FEMS Microbiol Rev. 2009 Mar;33(2):295-323
references: 19243445
references: ISME J. 2011 May;5(5):822-30
references: 21124487
references: PLoS One. 2008;3(10):e3550
references: 18958282
references: J Virol Methods. 2000 Mar;85(1-2):175-82
references: 10716350
references: Nature. 2013 Feb 21;494(7437):357-60
references: 23407494
references: ISME J. 2013 Sep;7(9):1738-51
references: 23635867
references: Nature. 2003 Aug 28;424(6952):1054-7
references: 12944967
references: PLoS Biol. 2006 Jul;4(8):e234
references: 16802857
references: ISME J. 2015 Mar 17;9(4):793-6
references: 25314322
references: Nat Rev Microbiol. 2014 Apr;12(4):263-73
references: 24590245
references: Curr Opin Virol. 2013 Oct;3(5):566-71
references: 23896279
references: Science. 2011 Jul 1;333(6038):58-62
references: 21719670
references: Nature. 2007 Sep 6;449(7158):83-6
references: 17805294
references: Nature. 2003 Aug 28;424(6952):1047-51
references: 12944965
references: Nat Rev Microbiol. 2006 Nov;4(11):837-48
references: 17041631
references: Nature. 2013 Jul 25;499(7459):E4-5
references: 23887435
references: Bacteriophage. 2014 Jan 1;4(1):e28265
references: 24616837
references: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2011 Jul 12;108(28):E288-97
references: 21709225
references: Nature. 2005 Sep 15;437(7057):356-61
references: 16163346
references: Nature. 2003 Aug 14;424(6950):741
references: 12917674
references: PLoS Biol. 2006 Nov;4(11):e368
references: 17090214
references: Environ Microbiol. 2013 Aug;15(8):2306-18
references: 23489642
references: Genome Biol. 2013 Nov 07;14(11):R123
references: 24200126
references: Nature. 2013 Jul 25;499(7459):E3-4
references: 23887434
references: PLoS Genet. 2013;9(12):e1003987
references: 24348267
references: ISME J. 2013 Sep;7(9):1678-95
references: 23575371
references: Science. 2014 May 16;344(6185):757-60
references: 24789974
references: Environ Microbiol. 2012 Aug;14(8):2171-83
references: 22507260
references: Bioessays. 2013 May;35(5):436-42
references: 23450659
references: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2014 Feb 4;111(5):1879-84
references: 24449851
references: Elife. 2014 Aug 29;3:e03125
references: 25171894
references: Annu Rev Microbiol. 2003;57:369-94
references: 14527284
references: PLoS Biol. 2011 Oct;9(10):e1001177
references: 22028628
references: Virol J. 2011 Jun 09;8:287
references: 21651822