title: The Effects of Simazine, a Chlorotriazine Herbicide, on the Expression of Genes in Developing Male Xenopus laevis.
abstract: Simazine was investigated for gene expression concurrent with simazine-induced phenotype changes during development of male Xenopus laevis. X. laevis tadpoles (Nieuwkoop-Faber stage 46) were exposed to 0.1, 1.2, 11.0 and 100.9 μg/L simazine for 100 days. The results showed that an increased mortality of X. laevis, decreased gonad weight and altered gonadosomatic index of males significantly (p<0.05) when exposed to simazine at 11.0 and 100.9 µg/L. Significant degeneration in testicular tissues was observed when tadpoles were exposed to simazine at 100.9 µg/L. To investigate the molecular mechanisms behind the testicular degeneration by simazine, we evaluated gene expression in animals treated with 100.9 µg/L simazine and found that 1,315 genes were significantly altered (454 upregulated, 861 downregulated). Genes involved in the cell cycle control, and amino acid metabolism pathways were significantly downregulated. These results indicate that simazine affects the related gene expressions which may be helpful for the understanding of the reason for the reproductive toxicity of simazine on male X. laevis.
authors: State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, Shandong, China.
authors: Linlin
authors: L
authors: Sai
authors: Yanzhong
authors: Y
authors: Liu
authors: Binpeng
authors: B
authors: Qu
authors: Gongchang
authors: G
authors: Yu
authors: Qiming
authors: Q
authors: Guo
authors: Cunxiang
authors: C
authors: Bo
authors: Lin
authors: L
authors: Xie
authors: Qiang
authors: Q
authors: Jia
authors: Yuezhong
authors: Y
authors: Li
authors: Xiangxin
authors: X
authors: Li
authors: Jack C
authors: JC
authors: Ng
authors: Cheng
authors: C
authors: Peng
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental / Q000187:drug effects*; D006540:Herbicides / Q000633:toxicity*; D008297:Male; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012098:Reproduction; D012839:Simazine / Q000633:toxicity*; D013737:Testis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D029867:Xenopus Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D014982:Xenopus laevis
chemical_list: D006540:Herbicides; D029867:Xenopus Proteins; D012839:Simazine