title: Destruction of the flame retardant hexabromocyclododecane in a full-scale municipal solid waste incinerator.
abstract: Hexabromocyclododecane containing polystyrene foam obtained from the building and construction market has been co-incinerated in a full-scale waste incineration plant. The co-feeding of 1 and 2 wt% of polystyrene foam had no influence on the operation of the plant. The bromine content increased the raw gas hydrogen bromide concentration slightly. The air emission, including that of dioxins and bromine, was not altered and so was the quality of the solid residues. The hexabromocyclododecane concentrations in the solid residues were almost identical, regardless of whether or not and how much polystyrene foam was added. The obtained destruction efficiency was >99.999% independent of the amount of added polystyrene foam. This finding indicates a virtually total destruction of hexabromocyclododecane.
authors: Consultant, Luzein, Switzerland frankmark@bluewin.ch.
authors: Frank E
authors: FE
authors: Mark
authors: Consultant, Tübingen, Germany.
authors: Juergen
authors: J
authors: Vehlow
authors: Zweckverband Abfallwirtschaft Raum Würzburg (ZVAWS), Würzburg, Germany.
authors: Hans
authors: H
authors: Dresch
authors: Würzburger Versorgungs- und Verkehrs GmbH (WVV), Würzburg, Germany.
authors: Bogdan
authors: B
authors: Dima
authors: Zweckverband Abfallwirtschaft Raum Würzburg (ZVAWS), Würzburg, Germany.
authors: Werner
authors: W
authors: Grüttner
authors: Martin GmbH, München, Germany.
authors: Joachim
authors: J
authors: Horn
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D005411:Flame Retardants; D006842:Hydrocarbons, Brominated / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry*; D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated / Q000032:analysis; D017745:Incineration; D011137:Polystyrenes / Q000032:analysis*; D062611:Solid Waste / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D005411:Flame Retardants; D006842:Hydrocarbons, Brominated; D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated; D011137:Polystyrenes; D062611:Solid Waste; C089796:hexabromocyclododecane
keywords: Hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) destruction; dioxins; mixed halogenated dioxins; municipal solid waste incineration; polystyrene foam; polystyrene foam co-incineration