title: Three-dimensional vibrometry of the human eardrum with stroboscopic lensless digital holography.
abstract: The eardrum or tympanic membrane (TM) transforms acoustic energy at the ear canal into mechanical motions of the ossicles. The acousto-mechanical transformer behavior of the TM is determined by its shape, three-dimensional (3-D) motion, and mechanical properties. We have developed an optoelectronic holographic system to measure the shape and 3-D sound-induced displacements of the TM. The shape of the TM is measured with dual-wavelength holographic contouring using a tunable near IR laser source with a central wavelength of 780 nm. 3-D components of sound-induced displacements of the TM are measured with the method of multiple sensitivity vectors using stroboscopic holographic interferometry. To accurately obtain sensitivity vectors, a new technique is developed and used in which the sensitivity vectors are obtained from the images of a specular sphere that is being illuminated from different directions. Shape and 3-D acoustically induced displacement components of cadaveric human TMs at several excitation frequencies are measured at more than one million points on its surface. A numerical rotation matrix is used to rotate the original Euclidean coordinate of the measuring system in order to obtain in-plane and out-of-plane motion components. Results show that in-plane components of motion are much smaller (<20%) than the out-of-plane motions’ components.
authors: Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Center for Holographic Studies and Laser Micro-mechatronics, Worcester, Massachusetts 01609, United States.
authors: Morteza
authors: M
authors: Khaleghi
authors: Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Center for Holographic Studies and Laser Micro-mechatronics, Worcester, Massachusetts 01609, United StatesbEaton-Peabody Laboratory, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Massac.
authors: Cosme
authors: C
authors: Furlong
authors: Eaton-Peabody Laboratory, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United StatescHarvard Medical School, Department of Otology and Laryngology, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States.
authors: Mike
authors: M
authors: Ravicz
authors: Eaton-Peabody Laboratory, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United StatescHarvard Medical School, Department of Otology and Laryngology, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States.
authors: Jeffrey Tao
authors: JT
authors: Cheng
authors: Eaton-Peabody Laboratory, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United StatescHarvard Medical School, Department of Otology and Laryngology, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States.
authors: John J
authors: JJ
authors: Rosowski
mesh_terms: D000162:Acoustics; D000465:Algorithms; D002102:Cadaver; D003201:Computers; D006309:Hearing; D006696:Holography / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D007368:Interferometry / Q000379:methods*; D008027:Light; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D009038:Motion; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013016:Sound; D049489:Stroboscopy / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D014432:Tympanic Membrane / Q000502:physiology*; D014732:Vibration
chemical_list: D008567:Membranes, Artificial
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