title: Systematic review of anaemia and inflammatory markers in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
abstract: This systematic review synthesizes the relevant published articles on the prevalence of anaemia in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and its relationship with inflammatory markers. The upregulation of erythropoietin in anaemia maintains homeostasis. However, anaemic COPD patients do not respond to increased levels of erythropoietin. The increased levels could be an indicator of the peripheral erythropoietin resistance in COPD. Anaemia and inflammation are associated with an increased risk of hospitalization and mortality in these patients. The understanding of anaemia in chronic inflammation is that anaemia is at least partially due to the excessive production of inflammatory cytokines, which can contribute to improvements in the management, prognosis, and survival of patients with COPD and anaemia.
authors: Department of Internal Medicine, Health Science Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
authors: Andrea Thives de Carvalho
authors: AT
authors: Hoepers
authors: Marcia Margarete
authors: MM
authors: Menezes
authors: Tânia Silvia
authors: TS
authors: Fröde
mesh_terms: D000740:Anemia / Q000150:complications* / Q000378:metabolism*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism*; D001916:Brachial Artery / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000150:complications* / Q000378:metabolism*; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000150:complications* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers
keywords: anaemia; chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; inflammation; systematic review