title: Transfer of dietary aflatoxin B1 to milk aflatoxin M1 and effect of inclusion of adsorbent in the diet of dairy cows.
abstract: The objectives of this study were to investigate the transfer of aflatoxin from feed to milk and to evaluate the effects of Solis Mos (SM; Novus International Inc., St. Charles, MO) on milk aflatoxin M1, plasma biochemical parameters, and ruminal fermentation of dairy cows fed varying doses of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1). Three groups of 8 multiparous Holstein cows in late lactation (days in milk = 271 ± 29; milk yield = 21.6 ± 3.1 kg/d) were assigned to 1 of 3 experiments in a crossover design. Cows in experiment 1 received no aflatoxin, cows in experiment 2 received 20 µg of AFB1/kg of dry matter, and cows in experiment 3 received 40 µg of AFB1/kg of dry matter. Cows in each experiment were assigned to 1 of 2 treatments: control or 0.25% SM. Each experiment consisted of 2 consecutive periods with the first 4 d (d 1 to 4) as adaptation, followed by AFB1 challenge for 7 d (d 5 to 11), and finally clearance for 5 d (d 12 to 16) in each period. Samples of total mixed ration and milk were collected on d 1, 2, and 10 to 14 of each period. Blood samples were collected from the coccygeal vein on d 1, 11, and 14 of each period. Rumen fluid was collected by oral stomach tube 2 h after the morning feeding on d 1 and 11 of each period. Adding SM to basal or AFB1-contaminated diets at 0.25% had no effect on lactation performance, liver function, or immune response. However, addition of SM improved antioxidative status, as indicated by increased plasma concentrations of superoxide dismutase and reduced malondialdehyde regardless of dietary AFB1 level. Addition of SM to the AFB1-free diet eliminated the background AFM1 in milk and increased total ruminal volatile fatty acid (99.6 vs. 94.2 mM) concentrations. Adding SM to the AFB1-contaminated diet in experiment 2 decreased the AFM1 concentration (88.4 vs. 105.3 ng/L) and the transfer of aflatoxin to milk (0.46 vs. 0.56%), and increased total volatile fatty acid concentration (99.8 vs. 93.4 mM). Adding SM to diets with 40 µg/kg of AFB1 did not elicit changes in rumen parameters or AFM1 output. These results indicated that adding SM to diets containing 0 or 20 µg of AFB1/kg decreased milk AFM1 concentration, improved antioxidative status, and altered rumen fermentation, whereas adding SM to a diet containing 40 µg of AFB1/kg did not reduce AFB1 transfer but did increase the antioxidant status of the liver.
authors: Institute of Dairy Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China; School of Animal Science and Nutritional Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, P. R. China.
authors: J L
authors: JL
authors: Xiong
authors: Novus International Trading (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200001, P. R. China.
authors: Y M
authors: YM
authors: Wang
authors: Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907.
authors: T D
authors: TD
authors: Nennich
authors: Department of Animal Science, Zhoukou Vocational and Technical College, Zhoukou 466001, P. R. China.
authors: Y
authors: Y
authors: Li
authors: Institute of Dairy Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China. Electronic address: liujx@zju.edu.cn.
authors: J X
authors: JX
authors: Liu
mesh_terms: D016604:Aflatoxin B1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D016607:Aflatoxin M1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D000821:Animal Feed / Q000032:analysis; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D002417:Cattle / Q000502:physiology*; D004032:Diet / Q000662:veterinary; D005260:Female; D005285:Fermentation; D007774:Lactation; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D008892:Milk / Q000737:chemistry*; D010298:Parity; D012417:Rumen / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D016607:Aflatoxin M1; D016604:Aflatoxin B1
keywords: adsorbent; aflatoxin B(1); aflatoxin M(1); dairy cows; transfer