title: Asian sand dust aggregate causes atopic dermatitis-like symptoms in Nc/Nga mice.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Asian sand dust (ASD) originates from the arid and semiarid areas of China, and epidemiologic studies have shown that ASD exposure is associated with various allergic and respiratory symptoms. However, few studies have been performed to assess the relationship between skin inflammation and ASD exposure.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twelve-week-old NC/Nga mice were divided into 6 groups (n = 8 for each group): hydrophilic petrolatum only (control); hydrophilic petrolatum plus ASD (ASD); hydrophilic petrolatum and heat inactivated-ASD (H-ASD); Dermatophagoides farinae extract (Df); Df and ASD (Df + ASD), and; Df and H-ASD (Df + H-ASD). The NC/Nga mice in each group were subjected to treatment twice a week for 4 weeks. We evaluated skin lesions by symptoms, pathologic changes, and serum IgE levels.
  
  
  RESULTS
  ASD alone did not induce atopic dermatitis (AD)-like skin symptoms. However, Df alone, Df + H-ASD and Df + ASD all induced AD-like symptoms, and dermatitis scores in the group of Df + ASD group were significantly greater than that of the Df group (P = 0.0011 at day 21; and P = 0.017 at day 28). Mean serum IgE was markedly increased in the Df and Df + ASD groups, compared to the ASD and control groups (P < 0.0001), and serum IgE levels in the Df + ASD group were significantly higher compared to the Df group (P = 0.003).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ASD alone did not cause AD-like symptoms in NC/Nga mice. However, AD-like symptoms induced by Df, a major allergen, were enhanced by adding ASD. Although no epidemiological studies have been conducted for the association between ASD and symptoms of dermatitis, our data suggest that it is likely that ASD may contribute to the exacerbation of not only respiratory symptoms, but also skin diseases, in susceptible individuals.
authors: Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki-ken 305-8575 Japan.
authors: Sayaka
authors: S
authors: Takeshita
authors: Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki-ken 305-8575 Japan ; Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan.
authors: Takahiro
authors: T
authors: Tokunaga
authors: Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki-ken 305-8575 Japan.
authors: Yoshiko
authors: Y
authors: Tanabe
authors: Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki-ken 305-8575 Japan.
authors: Tadao
authors: T
authors: Arinami
authors: Department of Health Sciences, Oita University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Notsuharu, Oita Japan.
authors: Takamichi
authors: T
authors: Ichinose
authors: Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki-ken 305-8575 Japan ; Japan Science and Technology Agency, Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo Japan.
authors: Emiko
authors: E
authors: Noguchi
keywords: Atopic; Dermatitis; Dermatophagoides farina; Mice
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