title: Morphology and connectivity of the small bistratified A8 amacrine cell in the mouse retina.
abstract: Amacrine cells comprise ∼ 30 morphological types in the mammalian retina. The synaptic connectivity and function of a few γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic wide-field amacrine cells have recently been studied; however, with the exception of the rod pathway-specific AII amacrine cell, the connectivity of glycinergic small-field amacrine cells has not been investigated in the mouse retina. Here, we studied the morphology and connectivity pattern of the small-field A8 amacrine cell. A8 cells in mouse retina are bistratified with lobular processes in the ON sublamina and arboreal dendrites in the OFF sublamina of the inner plexiform layer. The distinct bistratified morphology was first visible at postnatal day 8, reaching the adult shape at P13, around eye opening. The connectivity of A8 cells to bipolar cells and ganglion cells was studied by double and triple immunolabeling experiments by using various cell markers combined with synaptic markers. Our data suggest that A8 amacrine cells receive glutamatergic input from both OFF and ON cone bipolar cells. Furthermore, A8 cells are coupled to ON cone bipolar cells by gap junctions, and provide inhibitory input via glycine receptor (GlyR) subunit α1 to OFF cone bipolar cells and to ON A-type ganglion cells. Measurements of spontaneous glycinergic postsynaptic currents and GlyR immunolabeling revealed that A8 cells express GlyRs containing the α2 subunit. The results show that the bistratified A8 cell makes very similar synaptic contacts with cone bipolar cells as the rod pathway-specific AII amacrine cell. However, unlike AII cells, A8 amacrine cells provide glycinergic input to ON A-type ganglion cells.
authors: Max Planck Institute for Brain Research, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.|University of Sydney-Save Sight Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, 2000, Australia.
authors: Sammy C S
authors: SC
authors: Lee
authors: Department of Neurobiology, University of Oldenburg, 26129, Oldenburg, Germany.
authors: Arndt
authors: A
authors: Meyer
authors: Werner Reichardt Center for Integrative Neuroscience (CIN)/Institute for Ophthalmic Research, University of Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.
authors: Timm
authors: T
authors: Schubert
authors: Max Planck Institute for Brain Research, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
authors: Laura
authors: L
authors: Hüser
authors: Department of Neurobiology, University of Oldenburg, 26129, Oldenburg, Germany.|Research Center for Neurosensory Science, University of Oldenburg, 26129, Oldenburg, Germany.
authors: Karin
authors: K
authors: Dedek
authors: Max Planck Institute for Brain Research, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
authors: Silke
authors: S
authors: Haverkamp
mesh_terms: D000429:Alcohol Oxidoreductases; D025042:Amacrine Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D056970:Co-Repressor Proteins; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental / Q000235:genetics; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D017874:Immediate-Early Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D009415:Nerve Net / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D010750:Phosphoproteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018009:Receptors, Glycine / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012160:Retina / Q000166:cytology*; D014157:Transcription Factors; D015293:Transducin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D050598:Vesicular Glutamate Transport Protein 1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014795:Visual Pathways / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D056970:Co-Repressor Proteins; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; C485574:Ier5 protein, mouse; D017874:Immediate-Early Proteins; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D010750:Phosphoproteins; D018009:Receptors, Glycine; D014157:Transcription Factors; D050598:Vesicular Glutamate Transport Protein 1; C485184:enhanced green fluorescent protein; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins; C075192:gustducin; D000429:Alcohol Oxidoreductases; C111341:Ctbp2 protein, mouse; D015293:Transducin
keywords: AB_10013783; AB_11213019; AB_11214044; AB_2034062; AB_2086768; AB_2110230; AB_2278934; AB_2314912; AB_399431; AB_477345; AB_673015; RRIDs: AB_10058149; crossover inhibition; gap junction; glycine receptor; glycinergic; retinal circuitry; small-field amacrine cell
references: J Comp Neurol. 2004 Dec 20;480(4):331-51
references: 15558785
references: Vis Neurosci. 2010 Jul;27(3-4):91-101
references: 20537217
references: Mol Cell Neurosci. 2008 Jan;37(1):40-55
references: 17920294
references: J Neurosci. 2012 Mar 7;32(10):3321-32
references: 22399754
references: Vis Neurosci. 2010 Mar;27(1-2):1-8
references: 20392301
references: Vis Neurosci. 2009 May-Jun;26(3):297-308
references: 19602302
references: Science. 1974 Oct 4;186(4158):47-9
references: 4417736
references: Nature. 2003 Oct 30;425(6961):917-25
references: 14586460
references: Neuron. 2002 Nov 14;36(4):703-12
references: 12441058
references: J Comp Neurol. 1988 Jul 22;273(4):473-87
references: 3209734
references: J Comp Neurol. 2013 Oct 15;521(15):3541-55
references: 23749582
references: Vision Res. 1981;21(7):1081-1114
references: 7314489
references: J Comp Neurol. 2005 Jul 25;488(2):113-28
references: 15924342
references: Neurosci Lett. 1991 Apr 29;125(2):187-90
references: 1715532
references: J Comp Neurol. 2010 Feb 15;518(4):513-25
references: 20020539
references: Vision Res. 1981;21(11):1625-33
references: 7336596
references: J Comp Neurol. 1985 Mar 22;233(4):473-80
references: 2984258
references: J Comp Neurol. 1996 Feb 5;365(2):173-216
references: 8822165
references: J Physiol. 2006 Apr 1;572(Pt 1):215-25
references: 16439422
references: J Comp Neurol. 2013 Feb 15;521(3):709-24
references: 22821706
references: J Comp Neurol. 2004 Sep 27;477(4):399-411
references: 15329889
references: Eur J Neurosci. 2006 Jan;23(2):350-64
references: 16420443
references: J Comp Neurol. 2003 Oct 27;465(4):524-39
references: 12975813
references: J Comp Neurol. 2007 Jul 10;503(2):280-96
references: 17492637
references: Annu Rev Neurosci. 2004;27:393-418
references: 15217338
references: Vision Res. 1998 May;38(10):1411-30
references: 9667008
references: J Cell Biol. 2005 Feb 28;168(5):825-36
references: 15728193
references: J Neurosci. 1998 Dec 15;18(24):10594-602
references: 9852595
references: J Comp Neurol. 1995 Oct 23;361(3):537-51
references: 8550898
references: J Comp Neurol. 1993 Jun 22;332(4):421-32
references: 8349841
references: J Neurosci. 2011 Jun 8;31(23):8595-604
references: 21653863
references: Front Mol Neurosci. 2009 Jul 09;2:6
references: 19924257
references: Neuron. 2005 Mar 3;45(5):727-39
references: 15748848
references: J Physiol. 2009 Aug 1;587(Pt 15):3831-49
references: 19528249
references: Brain Res. 1975 Feb 7;84(2):293-300
references: 1111833
references: J Comp Neurol. 1990 Nov 15;301(3):433-42
references: 2262600
references: J Physiol. 2012 Jan 1;590(1):223-34
references: 22083601
references: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1983 Oct;80(19):6126-30
references: 6577472
references: J Comp Neurol. 2003 Jan 1;455(1):1-10
references: 12454992
references: Nat Neurosci. 2009 Sep;12(9):1197-204
references: 19648912
references: J Comp Neurol. 1992 Apr 8;318(2):147-87
references: 1374766
references: J Neurosci. 1994 Aug;14(8):5131-46
references: 8046473
references: Neuron. 1998 May;20(5):971-82
references: 9620701
references: J Comp Neurol. 2003 Feb 3;456(2):154-66
references: 12509872
references: Neuron. 2000 Oct;28(1):41-51
references: 11086982
references: J Comp Neurol. 1996 Jul 29;371(3):415-36
references: 8842896
references: J Neurophysiol. 2008 Jul;100(1):304-16
references: 18436633
references: Front Neural Circuits. 2014;8:104
references: 25237297
references: Nat Neurosci. 2011 Aug;14(8):965-72
references: 21743471
references: J Biol Chem. 1994 Jan 28;269(4):2607-12
references: 7507926
references: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1984 Nov;81(22):7224-7
references: 6095276
references: J Physiol. 2007 May 15;581(Pt 1):203-19
references: 17331993
references: J Neurosci. 2001 Aug 15;21(16):6036-44
references: 11487627
references: J Comp Neurol. 2006 Jan 10;494(2):260-74
references: 16320234
references: Curr Biol. 2014 Feb 3;24(3):310-5
references: 24440397
references: Vis Neurosci. 2012 Jan;29(1):11-29
references: 22310370
references: PLoS One. 2013;8(7):e69612
references: 23922756
references: J Comp Neurol. 1998 Nov 9;401(1):34-46
references: 9802699
references: Biochemistry. 1991 Jan 8;30(1):42-7
references: 1703015
references: J Comp Neurol. 2007 Feb 1;500(4):693-707
references: 17154252
references: J Comp Neurol. 2000 Aug 21;424(2):327-38
references: 10906706
references: J Neurosci. 2009 Jan 7;29(1):106-17
references: 19129389
references: Vis Neurosci. 2007 Jul-Aug;24(4):471-87
references: 17550639
references: J Neurophysiol. 2008 Oct;100(4):2077-88
references: 18667544
references: J Comp Neurol. 1992 Nov 8;325(2):152-68
references: 1460111
references: J Physiol. 1978 Jul;280:449-70
references: 211229
references: J Neurochem. 2006 Jun;97(6):1600-10
references: 16805771