title: Vitamin D deficiency and acute vaso-occlusive complications in children with sickle cell disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Vitamin D is increasingly recognized for its roles in non-skeletal disorders. Patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) have a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency but data are limited with respect to possible associations between low vitamin D and acute vaso-occlusive complications. We examined whether vitamin D deficiency is associated with acute pain and acute chest syndrome (ACS) in children with SCD.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional study was conducted in 95 children with SCD who had serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD) measured during comprehensive care examinations. History of acute pain and ACS within two years of obtaining 25-OHD was collected. Associations between 25-OHD levels and acute vaso-occlusive events were analyzed by logistic regression. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were calculated for the risk of pain and ACS associated with vitamin D deficiency (25-OHD <20 ng/ml).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Subjects were 3-20 years old (median 10.6); 48 males, 47 females; 46 African, 49 Hispanic; 72 SS, 20 SC, 1 S/β(0) Thalassemia, and 2 S/β(+) Thalassemia. Median 25-OHD was 16 ng/ml. Fifty-six (59%) were vitamin D-deficient. Thirty-one (33%) and 29 (31%) had at least one episode of pain and ACS, respectively. Serum 25-OHD was significantly associated with pain (P = 0.0121) but not with ACS (P = 0.628). Of those with pain, 73% (23/31) were vitamin D-deficient while 26% (8/31) had 25-OHD ≥20 ng/ml (P = 0.04, OR = 2.7, 95%CI = 1.05-6.94).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings emphasize the high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and its potential association with acute pain in SCD. Correcting low vitamin D may offer a simple, low-cost intervention to help reduce acute vaso-occlusive complications.
authors: Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology/Stem Cell Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York.
authors: Margaret T
authors: MT
authors: Lee
authors: Maureen
authors: M
authors: Licursi
authors: Donald J
authors: DJ
authors: McMahon
mesh_terms: D056586:Acute Chest Syndrome / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D000208:Acute Disease; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010146:Pain / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D015995:Prevalence; D014652:Vascular Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000097:blood; D014808:Vitamin D Deficiency / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology
chemical_list: D014807:Vitamin D; C104450:25-hydroxyvitamin D
keywords: acute chest syndrome; pain; sickle cell disease; vitamin D