title: Solar cells. High-efficiency solution-processed perovskite solar cells with millimeter-scale grains.
abstract: State-of-the-art photovoltaics use high-purity, large-area, wafer-scale single-crystalline semiconductors grown by sophisticated, high-temperature crystal growth processes. We demonstrate a solution-based hot-casting technique to grow continuous, pinhole-free thin films of organometallic perovskites with millimeter-scale crystalline grains. We fabricated planar solar cells with efficiencies approaching 18%, with little cell-to-cell variability. The devices show hysteresis-free photovoltaic response, which had been a fundamental bottleneck for the stable operation of perovskite devices. Characterization and modeling attribute the improved performance to reduced bulk defects and improved charge carrier mobility in large-grain devices. We anticipate that this technique will lead the field toward synthesis of wafer-scale crystalline perovskites, necessary for the fabrication of high-efficiency solar cells, and will be applicable to several other material systems plagued by polydispersity, defects, and grain boundary recombination in solution-processed thin films.
authors: Materials Physics and Application Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA.
authors: Wanyi
authors: W
authors: Nie
authors: Physical Chemistry and Applied Spectroscopy Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA.
authors: Hsinhan
authors: H
authors: Tsai
authors: School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
authors: Reza
authors: R
authors: Asadpour
authors: Physical Chemistry and Applied Spectroscopy Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA.
authors: Jean-Christophe
authors: JC
authors: Blancon
authors: Theoretical Chemistry and Molecular Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA. Center for Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA.
authors: Amanda J
authors: AJ
authors: Neukirch
authors: Materials Physics and Application Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA.
authors: Gautam
authors: G
authors: Gupta
authors: Physical Chemistry and Applied Spectroscopy Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA.
authors: Jared J
authors: JJ
authors: Crochet
authors: Materials Science and Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
authors: Manish
authors: M
authors: Chhowalla
authors: Theoretical Chemistry and Molecular Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA.
authors: Sergei
authors: S
authors: Tretiak
authors: School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
authors: Muhammad A
authors: MA
authors: Alam
authors: Physical Chemistry and Applied Spectroscopy Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA. amohite@lanl.gov hwang@lanl.gov.
authors: Hsing-Lin
authors: HL
authors: Wang
authors: Materials Physics and Application Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA. amohite@lanl.gov hwang@lanl.gov.
authors: Aditya D
authors: AD
authors: Mohite