title: The effects of atomoxetine on emotional control in adults with ADHD: An integrated analysis of multicenter studies.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effects of atomoxetine on emotional control in adults with ADHD.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed an integrated analysis using individual patient data pooled from three Eli Lilly-sponsored studies. An integrated analysis can be viewed as a meta-analysis of individual patient-level data, rather than study-level summary data.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two populations were identified: a large sample of patients with pre-treatment baseline data (the "overall population"; n=2846); and a subset of these patients with placebo-controlled efficacy data from baseline to 10 or 12 weeks after initiating treatment (the "placebo-controlled population"; n=829). At baseline, in the overall population, ∼50% of ADHD patients had BRIEF-AS (Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function-Adult Version Self-Report) Emotional control subscores between 21 and 30, compared with ∼10% of normative subjects in the BRIEF-A manual. At endpoint, in the placebo-controlled population, atomoxetine led to a small (effect size 0.19) but significant (P=0.013) treatment effect for emotional control. The effect size was 0.32 in patients with BRIEF-AS Emotional control scores>20 at baseline. Improvements in emotional control correlated with improvements in the core ADHD symptoms and quality-of-life.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  As deficient emotional control is associated with impaired social, educational and occupational functioning over and above that explained by core ADHD symptoms alone, improvements in emotional control may be clinically relevant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  At baseline, adults with ADHD were more likely to have impaired emotional control than normative subjects. In the adult ADHD patients, atomoxetine treatment was associated with improvements in emotional control, as well as in core ADHD symptoms and quality-of-life.
authors: Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, De Crespigny Park SE5 8AF, United Kingdom. Electronic address: philip.asherson@kcl.ac.uk.
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Asherson
authors: ADHD Program, University Psychiatric Center, KU Leuven, Leuvensesteenweg 517, Campus Kortenberg, Belgium; Code Thomas More, Jozef De Bomstraat 11, 2018 Antwerpen, Belgium.
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Stes
authors: Department of Psychiatry, Uppsala University, 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden.
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Nilsson Markhed
authors: Global Statistical Sciences, Eli Lilly & Co., Werner Reimers Str. 2-4, 61350 Bad Homburg, Germany.
authors: L
authors: L
authors: Berggren
authors: Neuroscience, Eli Lilly & Co., Sweden AB, Gustav III Boulevard 42, PO box 721, SE-169 27 Solna, Sweden.
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Svanborg
authors: Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Kutzelnigg
authors: Medical Department, Eli Lilly & Co., Markiesstraat 1, 1000 Brussels, Belgium.
authors: W
authors: W
authors: Deberdt
mesh_terms: D018759:Adrenergic Uptake Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D000328:Adult; D000069445:Atomoxetine Hydrochloride / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000523:psychology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004644:Emotions; D056344:Executive Function / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011788:Quality of Life; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D018759:Adrenergic Uptake Inhibitors; D000069445:Atomoxetine Hydrochloride
keywords: ADHD; Atomoxetine; Emotional control; Integrated analysis