title: Prospective memory performance in individuals with Parkinson's disease who have mild cognitive impairment.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Prospective memory (PM) is the ability to keep in memory and realize future intentions. We aimed at investigating whether in Parkinson's disease (PD) PM deficits are related to mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Other aims were to investigate the cognitive abilities underlying PM performance, and the association between PM performance and measures of daily living functioning.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study included 15 PD patients with single domain MCI, 15 with multiple domain MCI, 17 PD patients without cognitive disorders (PDNC) and 25 healthy controls (HCs). All subjects were administered a PM procedure that included focal (PM cue is processed in the ongoing task) and nonfocal (PM cue is not processed in the ongoing task) conditions. PD patients were administered an extensive neuropsychological battery and scales to assess daily living abilities.
  
  
  RESULTS
  PD patients with MCI (both single and multiple domains) showed lower accuracy on all PM conditions than both HC and PDNC patients. This was predicted by their scores on shifting indices. Conversely, PM accuracy of PDNC patients was comparable to HCs. Regression analyses revealed that PD patients' PM performance significantly predicted scores on daily living scales Conclusions: Results suggest that PM efficiency is not tout-court reduced in PD patients, but it specifically depends on the presence of MCI. Moreover, decreased executive functioning, but not episodic memory failure, accounts for a significant proportion of variance in PM performance. Finally, PM accuracy indices were found to be associated with measures of global daily living functioning and management of medication.
authors: Department of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation.
authors: Alberto
authors: A
authors: Costa
authors: Department of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation.
authors: Antonella
authors: A
authors: Peppe
authors: Department of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation.
authors: Silvia
authors: S
authors: Zabberoni
authors: Department of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation.
authors: Francesca
authors: F
authors: Serafini
authors: Department of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation.
authors: Francesco
authors: F
authors: Barban
authors: Department of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation.
authors: Francesco
authors: F
authors: Scalici
authors: Department of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation.
authors: Carlo
authors: C
authors: Caltagirone
authors: Department of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation.
authors: Giovanni Augusto
authors: GA
authors: Carlesimo
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000368:Aged; D001288:Attention; D060825:Cognitive Dysfunction / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology*; D056344:Executive Function; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007802:Language; D008297:Male; D008568:Memory / Q000502:physiology*; D061212:Memory, Episodic; D008570:Memory, Short-Term; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology*; D011597:Psychomotor Performance; D011930:Reaction Time; D012043:Regression, Psychology; D013028:Space Perception; D014796:Visual Perception