title: Generation of peanut mutants by fast neutron irradiation combined with in vitro culture.
abstract: Induced mutations have played an important role in the development of new plant varieties. In this study, we investigated the effects of fast neutron irradiation on somatic embryogenesis combined with plant regeneration in embryonic leaflet culture to develop new peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) germplasm for breeding. The dry seeds of the elite cultivar Luhua 11 were irradiated with fast neutrons at dosages of 9.7, 14.0 and 18.0 Gy. The embryonic leaflets were separated and incubated in a medium with 10.0-mg/l 2,4-D to induce somatic embryogenesis. Next, they were incubated in a medium with 4.0-mg/l BAP for plant regeneration. As the irradiation dosage increased, the frequency of both somatic embryo formation and plantlet regeneration decreased. The regenerated plantlets were grafted onto rootstocks and were transplanted into the field. Later, the mature seeds of the regenerated plants were harvested. The M2 generation plants from most of the regenerated cultivars exhibited variations and segregation in vigor, plant height, branch and pod number, pod size, and pod shape. To determine whether the phenotypes were associated with genomic modification, we compared the DNA polymorphisms between the wild-type plants and 19 M3-generation individuals from different regenerated plants. We used 20 pairs of simple sequence repeat (SSR) primers and detected polymorphisms between most of the mutants and the wild-type plants (Luhua 11). Our results indicate that using a combination of fast neutron irradiation and tissue culture is an effective approach for creating new peanut germplasm.
authors: College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University/Key Lab of Plant Biotechnology in Universities of Shandong Province, Qingdao 266109, China.
authors: Jing-Shan
authors: JS
authors: Wang
authors: College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University/Key Lab of Plant Biotechnology in Universities of Shandong Province, Qingdao 266109, China.
authors: Jiong-Ming
authors: JM
authors: Sui
authors: Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, National Center of Space Mutagenesis for Crop Improvement, Beijing 100081, China.
authors: Yong-Dun
authors: YD
authors: Xie
authors: Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, National Center of Space Mutagenesis for Crop Improvement, Beijing 100081, China.
authors: Hui-Jun
authors: HJ
authors: Guo
authors: College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University/Key Lab of Plant Biotechnology in Universities of Shandong Province, Qingdao 266109, China.
authors: Li-Xian
authors: LX
authors: Qiao
authors: Shandong Agricultural Broadcasting and Television School, Penglai 265600, China.
authors: Li-Lan
authors: LL
authors: Zhao
authors: Peanut Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266100, China.
authors: Shan-Lin
authors: SL
authors: Yu
authors: Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, National Center of Space Mutagenesis for Crop Improvement, Beijing 100081, China liuluxiang@caas.cn.
authors: Lu-Xiang
authors: LX
authors: Liu
mesh_terms: D010367:Arachis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000528:radiation effects*; D004307:Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; D005818:Genetic Engineering / Q000379:methods*; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics / Q000528:radiation effects; D009502:Neutrons; D058439:Plant Somatic Embryogenesis Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified / Q000235:genetics* / Q000528:radiation effects; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D012639:Seeds / Q000235:genetics* / Q000528:radiation effects
keywords: fast neutron irradiation; in vitro culture; mutagenesis; mutant; peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)
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