title: Induction of Oxidative Stress in Skin and Lung of Infected BALB/C Mice with Iranian Strain of Leishmania major (MRHO/IR/75/ER).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Leishmania major infection on the induction of oxidative stress in skin and lung of female mice.
  
  
  METHODS
  BALB/c mice were randomly divided into the control and experimental groups. The experimental groups were subcutaneously infected with inoculums promastigotes of L. major. The animals were sacrificed at 20, 40, 60, 90 and 120 days post-infection, and tissues were isolated and analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Superoxide dismutase activity, percent of DNA fragmentation and superoxide anion production levels were increased in skin and lung of infected mice. Lung catalase activity and skin malondialdehyde level were also increased. The decreased glutathione level was observed in both tissues. The highest alteration in these parameters in both tissues was observed at 90 days post-infection.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  L. major infection induces the production of free radicals and oxidative stress in a time-dependent manner in mice skin and lung by depletion of glutathione and increasing lipid peroxidation. The elevated DNA fragmentation may be related with increased oxidative stress. The skin is more sensitive to the effects of L. major infection on oxidative stress induction compared to the lung.
authors: Molecular Biology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors: Mahvash
authors: M
authors: Jafari
authors: Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors: Shanaz
authors: S
authors: Shirbazou
authors: Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors: Majid
authors: M
authors: Norozi
keywords: BALB/c mice; Leishmania major; Lung; Oxidative stress; Skin
references: An Acad Bras Cienc. 2004 Sep;76(3):519-27
references: 15334250
references: Parasitology. 1985 Oct;91 ( Pt 2):197-206
references: 4069751
references: Cell Biochem Funct. 2004 May-Jun;22(3):153-6
references: 15124179
references: Iran J Parasitol. 2010 Sep;5(3):11-9
references: 22347250
references: Braz J Med Biol Res. 1996 Jul;29(7):853-62
references: 9070374
references: Methods Enzymol. 1990;186:567-75
references: 2172715
references: Exp Parasitol. 2006 Dec;114(4):323-8
references: 16759653
references: Indian J Med Res. 2006 Mar;123(3):233-44
references: 16778307
references: Res Vet Sci. 2004 Aug;77(1):63-6
references: 15120954
references: Braz J Med Biol Res. 2000 Mar;33(3):317-25
references: 10719384
references: Int J Med Microbiol. 2009 Mar;299(3):221-32
references: 18774335
references: East Mediterr Health J. 2004 Jul-Sep;10(4-5):591-9
references: 16335651
references: Methods Enzymol. 1990;186:209-20
references: 2233293
references: Ann Hematol. 2001 Jan;80(1):32-7
references: 11233773
references: Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1993 May 28;679:364-9
references: 8512200
references: Mutat Res. 2005 Aug 1;585(1-2):71-8
references: 16005255
references: Parasitol Res. 2012 Oct;111(4):1491-6
references: 22669694
references: Anal Biochem. 1976 May 7;72:248-54
references: 942051
references: Biosens Bioelectron. 2010 Aug 15;25(12):2566-72
references: 20488689
references: J Parasitol. 1997 Feb;83(1):151-2
references: 9057713
references: Mol Cell Biochem. 1995 May 24;146(2):99-105
references: 7565650
references: J Biol Chem. 2004 Mar 19;279(12):11798-813
references: 14679210
references: Clin Chim Acta. 2003 Jul 1;333(1):69-77
references: 12809737
references: Anal Biochem. 1979 Jun;95(2):351-8
references: 36810
references: Exp Dermatol. 2008 Dec;17(12):1063-72
references: 19043850
references: Clin Exp Dermatol. 2005 May;30(3):267-71
references: 15807687
references: Oxid Antioxid Med Sci. 2012;1(1):1-4
references: 25960927
references: Cell Death Differ. 2002 Oct;9(10):1126-39
references: 12232801
references: Int J Parasitol. 1988 Jul;18(5):661-6
references: 2844688
references: Indian J Clin Biochem. 2008 Jan;23(1):95-7
references: 23105731
references: Mutat Res. 2009 Mar 31;674(1-2):137-47
references: 18955158
references: Biochem J. 1956 Feb;62(2):315-23
references: 13293190
references: Exp Parasitol. 2011 Jan;127(1):228-37
references: 20713053
references: Anal Biochem. 1969 Mar;27(3):502-22
references: 4388022
references: Iran J Parasitol. 2012;7(2):99-102
references: 23109953
references: Free Radic Biol Med. 2009 Feb 1;46(3):367-75
references: 19022374
references: J Biol Chem. 2003 Jul 4;278(27):25120-32
references: 12707265
references: J Immunol Methods. 1999 Dec 17;232(1-2):3-14
references: 10618505
references: Free Radic Biol Med. 2011 Jul 15;51(2):337-51
references: 21620959
references: J Parasitol. 2000 Oct;86(5):1067-72
references: 11128482
references: Methods Enzymol. 1984;105:121-6
references: 6727660
references: Int Braz J Urol. 2007 Sep-Oct;33(5):603-21
references: 17980058
references: Toxicol Mech Methods. 2012 Oct;22(8):638-47
references: 22871176