title: Magnesium sulfate induced toxicity in vitro in AGS gastric adenocarcinoma cells and in vivo in mouse gastric mucosa.
abstract: Magnesium sulfate is widely used as a food additive and as an orally administered medication. The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible cytotoxicity of magnesium sulfate on AGS human gastric adenocarcinoma cells and gastric mucosa in mice. A trypan blue exclusion assay was used to determine the reduction in viability of AGS cells exposed to magnesium sulfate, and then effects on cell proliferation were quantified. The role of magnesium sulfate-mediated pro-inflammatory cytokine production in AGS cells was also investigated. mRNA expression for IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α was determined by RT-PCR, and secretion of these cytokines was measured by ELISA. Immunohistochemical evaluation of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α expression was conducted in mouse gastric mucosa. Addition of 3 to 50 mM magnesium sulfate to AGS cells inhibited both cell proliferation and cell viability in a dose-dependent manner. Magnesium sulfate had little effect on production of IL-1β or IL-6 but significantly inhibited production of IL-8. The animal model demonstrated that magnesium sulfate induced production of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α. These preliminary data suggest that magnesium sulfate had a direct effect on the stomach and initiates cytotoxicity in moderate concentrations and time periods by inhibiting viability and proliferation of AGS cells and by regulating expression and/or release of pro-inflammatory cytokines.
authors: Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China E-mail : cnsunjuan@aliyun.com.
authors: Xulong
authors: X
authors: Zhang
authors: Agula
authors: A
authors: Bo
authors: Baofeng
authors: B
authors: Chi
authors: Yuan
authors: Y
authors: Xia
authors: Xiong
authors: X
authors: Su
authors: Juan
authors: J
authors: Sun
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000188:drug therapy*; D000818:Animals; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D005503:Food Additives / Q000633:toxicity; D005753:Gastric Mucosa / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000096:biosynthesis; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D008278:Magnesium Sulfate / Q000633:toxicity*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000096:biosynthesis
chemical_list: C508606:CXCL8 protein, human; D005503:Food Additives; C508585:IL1B protein, human; C508600:IL6 protein, human; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D015850:Interleukin-6; D016209:Interleukin-8; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D008278:Magnesium Sulfate