title: Cross-cultural perspectives on music and musicality.
abstract: Musical behaviours are universal across human populations and, at the same time, highly diverse in their structures, roles and cultural interpretations. Although laboratory studies of isolated listeners and music-makers have yielded important insights into sensorimotor and cognitive skills and their neural underpinnings, they have revealed little about the broader significance of music for individuals, peer groups and communities. This review presents a sampling of musical forms and coordinated musical activity across cultures, with the aim of highlighting key similarities and differences. The focus is on scholarly and everyday ideas about music--what it is and where it originates--as well the antiquity of music and the contribution of musical behaviour to ritual activity, social organization, caregiving and group cohesion. Synchronous arousal, action synchrony and imitative behaviours are among the means by which music facilitates social bonding. The commonalities and differences in musical forms and functions across cultures suggest new directions for ethnomusicology, music cognition and neuroscience, and a pivot away from the predominant scientific focus on instrumental music in the Western European tradition.
authors: Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada L5L 1C6 sandra.trehub@utoronto.ca.
authors: Sandra E
authors: SE
authors: Trehub
authors: Department of Musicology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
authors: Judith
authors: J
authors: Becker
authors: Institute of Cognitive and Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Oxford, 58a Banbury Road, Oxford OX2 6QS, UK.
authors: Iain
authors: I
authors: Morley
mesh_terms: D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D006802:Human Activities; D006801:Humans; D009146:Music; D012919:Social Behavior
keywords: antiquity; cross-cultural; music; ritual; social cohesion
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