title: Source contribution of PM₂.₅ at different locations on the Malaysian Peninsula.
abstract: This study determined the source contribution of PM2.5 (particulate matter <2.5 μm) in air at three locations on the Malaysian Peninsula. PM2.5 samples were collected using a high volume sampler equipped with quartz filters. Ion chromatography was used to determine the ionic composition of the samples and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry was used to determine the concentrations of heavy metals. Principal component analysis with multilinear regressions were used to identify the possible sources of PM2.5. The range of PM2.5 was between 10 ± 3 and 30 ± 7 µg m(-3). Sulfate (SO4 (2-)) was the major ionic compound detected and zinc was found to dominate the heavy metals. Source apportionment analysis revealed that motor vehicle and soil dust dominated the composition of PM2.5 in the urban area. Domestic waste combustion dominated in the suburban area, while biomass burning dominated in the rural area.
authors: School of Environmental and Natural Resource Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors: Ooi
authors: O
authors: Ee-Ling
authors: Nur Ili Hamizah
authors: NI
authors: Mustaffa
authors: Norhaniza
authors: N
authors: Amil
authors: Md Firoz
authors: MF
authors: Khan
authors: Mohd Talib
authors: MT
authors: Latif
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D002852:Chromatography, Ion Exchange; D004391:Dust / Q000032:analysis; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008296:Malaysia; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000032:analysis*; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000032:analysis*; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D012044:Regression Analysis; D013431:Sulfates / Q000032:analysis; D001335:Vehicle Emissions / Q000032:analysis; D015032:Zinc / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D004391:Dust; D019216:Metals, Heavy; D052638:Particulate Matter; D013431:Sulfates; D001335:Vehicle Emissions; D015032:Zinc