title: Efficacy of contemporary and novel Intracanal medicaments against enterococcus faecalis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the antibacterial activity of propolis (30% in methyl cellulose), curcumin (2.5mg/mL of methyl cellulose), 2% chlorhexidine gel (CHX), 2% metronidazole gel (MZ) and a mixture of 2% CHX and 2% MZ against Enterococcus faecalis in vitro. Calcium hydroxide served as the control.
  
  
  METHODS
  The inhibitory effect of the medicaments on E. faecalis was determined by the agar diffusion test and tube dilution test. The rate of bactericidal activity was evaluated by the time-kill assay. Zones of inhibition data and time to kill data were statistically analyzed by ANOVA and post hoc Tukey test (P=0.05).
  
  
  RESULTS
  CHX demonstrated the highest mean zone of inhibition (34 ± 3mm) which was not significantly different (P ≥ 0.05) from curcumin (33 ± 2mm) and MZ (30 ± 2mm). Calcium hydroxide showed only contact inhibition. The time kill assay showed a time dependent action of each medicament.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  All tested agents except calcium hydroxide demonstrated significant reduction of viable bacteria at the time periods. The intracanal medicaments tested brought about a time dependent antibacterial effect on E.faecalis.
authors: Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha University, Chennai, India.
authors: R F
authors: RF
authors: Marickar
authors: Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha University, Chennai, India Department of Microbiology.
authors: R V
authors: RV
authors: Geetha
authors: Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha University, Chennai, India.
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Neelakantan
mesh_terms: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local / Q000494:pharmacology; D002126:Calcium Hydroxide / Q000494:pharmacology; D002710:Chlorhexidine / Q000494:pharmacology; D003474:Curcumin / Q000494:pharmacology; D004338:Drug Combinations; D013293:Enterococcus faecalis / Q000187:drug effects*; D005782:Gels; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing; D008795:Metronidazole / Q000494:pharmacology; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D050296:Microbial Viability / Q000187:drug effects; D011429:Propolis / Q000494:pharmacology; D012388:Root Canal Irrigants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005782:Gels; D012388:Root Canal Irrigants; D008795:Metronidazole; D011429:Propolis; D003474:Curcumin; D002126:Calcium Hydroxide; D002710:Chlorhexidine
keywords: Calcium hydroxide; Chlorhexidine; Curcumin; Intracanal medicament; Metronidazole; Propolis; Root canal failure