title: Microbial stimulation and succession following a test well injection simulating CO2 leakage into a shallow Newark basin aquifer.
abstract: In addition to efforts aimed at reducing anthropogenic production of greenhouse gases, geological storage of CO2 is being explored as a strategy to reduce atmospheric greenhouse gas emission and mitigate climate change. Previous studies of the deep subsurface in North America have not fully considered the potential negative effects of CO2 leakage into shallow drinking water aquifers, especially from a microbiological perspective. A test well in the Newark Rift Basin was utilized in two field experiments to investigate patterns of microbial succession following injection of CO2-saturated water into an isolated aquifer interval, simulating a CO2 leakage scenario. A decrease in pH following injection of CO2 saturated aquifer water was accompanied by mobilization of trace elements (e.g. Fe and Mn), and increased bacterial cell concentrations in the recovered water. 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequence libraries from samples collected before and after the test well injection were compared to link variability in geochemistry to changes in aquifer microbiology. Significant changes in microbial composition, compared to background conditions, were found following the test well injections, including a decrease in Proteobacteria, and an increased presence of Firmicutes, Verrucomicrobia and microbial taxa often noted to be associated with iron and sulfate reduction. The concurrence of increased microbial cell concentrations and rapid microbial community succession indicate significant changes in aquifer microbial communities immediately following the experimental CO2 leakage event. Samples collected one year post-injection were similar in cell number to the original background condition and community composition, although not identical, began to revert toward the pre-injection condition, indicating microbial resilience following a leakage disturbance. This study provides a first glimpse into the in situ successional response of microbial communities to CO2 leakage after subsurface injection in the Newark Basin and the potential microbiological impact of CO2 leakage on drinking water resources.
authors: School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Queens College, City University of New York, Flushing, New York, United States of America; Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, Palisades, New York, United States of America.
authors: Gregory
authors: G
authors: O'Mullan
authors: School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Queens College, City University of New York, Flushing, New York, United States of America; Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, Palisades, New York, United States of America.
authors: M Elias
authors: ME
authors: Dueker
authors: School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Queens College, City University of New York, Flushing, New York, United States of America.
authors: Kale
authors: K
authors: Clauson
authors: Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, Palisades, New York, United States of America.
authors: Qiang
authors: Q
authors: Yang
authors: Department of Environmental Science, Barnard College, New York, New York, United States of America.
authors: Kelsey
authors: K
authors: Umemoto
authors: Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, Palisades, New York, United States of America.
authors: Natalia
authors: N
authors: Zakharova
authors: Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, Palisades, New York, United States of America; National Oceanography Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom.
authors: Juerg
authors: J
authors: Matter
authors: Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, Palisades, New York, United States of America; Department of Environmental Science, Barnard College, New York, New York, United States of America.
authors: Martin
authors: M
authors: Stute
authors: Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, Palisades, New York, United States of America.
authors: Taro
authors: T
authors: Takahashi
authors: Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, Palisades, New York, United States of America.
authors: David
authors: D
authors: Goldberg
mesh_terms: D001419:Bacteria / Q000378:metabolism*; D001422:Bacterial Adhesion; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000378:metabolism*; D055593:Geological Phenomena; D060587:Groundwater / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000382:microbiology*; D006859:Hydrogen / Q000378:metabolism; D007501:Iron / Q000378:metabolism; D008697:Methane / Q000378:metabolism; D009518:New York; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010802:Phylogeny; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D013431:Sulfates / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D013431:Sulfates; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D006859:Hydrogen; D007501:Iron; D008697:Methane
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