title: Pokeweed antiviral protein, a ribosome inactivating protein: activity, inhibition and prospects.
abstract: Viruses employ an array of elaborate strategies to overcome plant defense mechanisms and must adapt to the requirements of the host translational systems. Pokeweed antiviral protein (PAP) from Phytolacca americana is a ribosome inactivating protein (RIP) and is an RNA N-glycosidase that removes specific purine residues from the sarcin/ricin (S/R) loop of large rRNA, arresting protein synthesis at the translocation step. PAP is thought to play an important role in the plant's defense mechanism against foreign pathogens. This review focuses on the structure, function, and the relationship of PAP to other RIPs, discusses molecular aspects of PAP antiviral activity, the novel inhibition of this plant toxin by a virus counteraction-a peptide linked to the viral genome (VPg), and possible applications of RIP-conjugated immunotoxins in cancer therapeutics.
authors: John Jay College of Criminal Justice, Department of Sciences, City University of New York, 524 West 59th Street, New York, NY 10019, USA. adomashevskiy@jjay.cuny.edu.
authors: Artem V
authors: AV
authors: Domashevskiy
authors: Department of Chemistry, Hunter College, City University of New York and the Graduate Center, 695 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA. dgoss@hunter.cuny.edu.
authors: Dixie J
authors: DJ
authors: Goss
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001665:Binding Sites; D004722:Endoribonucleases / Q000737:chemistry; D005656:Fungal Proteins / Q000737:chemistry; D016679:Genome, Viral; D006801:Humans; D020033:Protein Isoforms; D012315:RNA Caps / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018749:RNA, Plant / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012335:RNA, Ribosomal / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D054789:Ribosome Inactivating Proteins, Type 1 / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D012270:Ribosomes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D012276:Ricin / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D005656:Fungal Proteins; D020033:Protein Isoforms; D012315:RNA Caps; D018749:RNA, Plant; D012335:RNA, Ribosomal; D012367:RNA, Viral; D054789:Ribosome Inactivating Proteins, Type 1; C014801:alpha-sarcin; D012276:Ricin; D004722:Endoribonucleases; C024275:pokeweed antiviral protein
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