title: Novel insights into the mechanisms whereby isoflavones protect against fatty liver disease.
abstract: Fatty liver disease (FLD) is a growing public health problem worldwide. There is an urgent requirement for alternative and natural medicine to treat this disease. As phytochemicals, isoflavones have attracted considerable attention for the prevention of FLD. Numerous studies have revealed that isoflavones protect against FLD through various pathways which modulate fatty acid β-oxidation, lipid synthesis, and oxidative stress. Recently, the aldose reductase (AR)/polyol pathway has been reported to be involved in the development of FLD by modulating hepatic fructose production, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)α activity, cytochrome P450 (CYP)2E1 expression, and gut bacterial endotoxin-induced cytokine release. It has been reported that some isoflavones are potent AR inhibitors. Here, we review the anti-FLD actions of isoflavones and the proposed mechanism whereby isoflavones protect against FLD, with regard to the AR/polyol pathway. We propose that isoflavones block the AR/polyol pathway and in turn reduce fructose production and subsequent fat accumulation in the liver in diabetic or high-glucose-diet mice. In addition, in rodents with alcoholic liver disease or nonalcoholic fatty liver disease/nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, inhibition of AR by isoflavones may improve PPARα-mediated fatty acid oxidation, reduce hepatic steatosis, and attenuate CYP2E1-mediated oxidative stress or AR/gut bacterial endotoxin-mediated cytokine overproduction, to alleviate progression of FLD.
authors: Long-Xin Qiu, Tong Chen, School of Life Sciences, Longyan University, Longyan 364000, Fujian Province, China.
authors: Long-Xin
authors: LX
authors: Qiu
authors: Long-Xin Qiu, Tong Chen, School of Life Sciences, Longyan University, Longyan 364000, Fujian Province, China.
authors: Tong
authors: T
authors: Chen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001419:Bacteria / Q000276:immunology / Q000472:pathogenicity; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D019610:Cytoprotection; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism; D007422:Intestines / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology; D007529:Isoflavones / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D008108:Liver Diseases, Alcoholic / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D065626:Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D020011:Protective Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012307:Risk Factors; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D007529:Isoflavones; D020011:Protective Agents
keywords: Aldose reductase; Cytochrome P450 2E1; Endotoxin; Fatty liver disease; Fructose; Isoflavones; Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α
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