title: Harnessing the naturalDrosophila-parasitoid model for integrating insect immunity with functional venomics.
abstract: Drosophilaspecies lack most hallmarks of adaptive immunity yet are highly successful against an array of natural microbial pathogens and metazoan enemies. When attacked by figitid parasitoid wasps, fruit flies deploy robust, multi-faceted innate immune responses and overcome many attackers. In turn, parasitoids have evolved immunosuppressive strategies to match, and more frequently to overcome, their hosts. We present methods to examine the evolutionary dynamics underlying anti-parasitoid host defense by teasing apart the specialized immune-modulating venoms of figitid parasitoids and, in turn, possibly delineating the roles of individual venom molecules. This combination of genetic, phylogenomic, and "functional venomics" methods in theDrosophila-parasitoid model should allow entomologists and immunologists to tackle important outstanding questions with implications across disciplines and to pioneer translational applications in agriculture and medicine.
authors: The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, 10016 ; Department of Biology, The City College of New York, City University of New York, New York, New York, 10031.
authors: Mary E
authors: ME
authors: Heavner
authors: Department of Biology, The City College of New York, City University of New York, New York, New York, 10031.
authors: Adam D
authors: AD
authors: Hudgins
authors: Department of Biology, The City College of New York, City University of New York, New York, New York, 10031.
authors: Roma
authors: R
authors: Rajwani
authors: Department of Biology, The City College of New York, City University of New York, New York, New York, 10031.
authors: Jorge
authors: J
authors: Morales
authors: The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, 10016 ; Department of Biology, The City College of New York, City University of New York, New York, New York, 10031.
authors: Shubha
authors: S
authors: Govind
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