title: Ontogeny of positional behavior and support use among Colobus angolensis palliatus of the Diani Forest, Kenya.
abstract: In this project I studied black and white colobus monkeys (Colobus angolensis palliatus) inhabiting the Diani Forest of south coastal Kenya to test whether activity budgets, positional behavior, and support use differed among individuals in three age categories (juveniles, subadults, and adults). Data for three habituated groups were collected from June to August 2012 and from May to July 2014. Instantaneous sampling and pooled data were used to create overall behavior profiles for the three age categories. Activity budgets differed significantly among the categories. Adults rested more and moved less, subadults socialized more, and juveniles moved more often than individuals in the other two age categories. Support use differed, with juveniles and subadults accessing smaller supports more frequently (i.e., juveniles: bough 19.4 %, branch 57.9 %, twig 13.5 %; subadult: bough 18.6 %, branch 64.5 %, twig 8.2 %) whereas adults preferred larger supports (i.e., adults: bough 32.1 %, branch 54.0 %, twig 5.3 %). Despite different support use, locomotor profiles were remarkably consistent among age categories (i.e., ranges: quadrupedal walk 35.0-45.2 %, bound 17.5-25.3 %, climb 11.2-22.7 %, leap 15.1-19.9 %). Sitting was the predominant posture, accounting for 89.5-92.5 % of the posture observed for all age categories. Overall positional profiles of adults and subadults were statistically indistinguishable whereas juveniles differed significantly from adults but not from subadults. It is hypothesized that the different frequency of specific locomotor behaviors, for example bounding, is attributable to morphological changes associated with ontogeny. Nonetheless, these findings support the notion that primates achieve adult-like positional behavior competence during the juvenile life stage.
authors: Smith Laboratory, Department of Anthropology, The Ohio State University, Room 4005, 174 W 18th Ave, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA, dunham.102@osu.edu.
authors: Noah Thomas
authors: NT
authors: Dunham
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal; D003104:Colobus / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology*; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D065928:Forests; D007630:Kenya; D008124:Locomotion; D008297:Male; D011187:Posture
references: Am J Phys Anthropol. 1994 Jul;94(3):379-94
references: 7943192
references: Vet Parasitol. 1995 Dec;60(3-4):303-13
references: 8747913
references: Folia Primatol (Basel). 1996;66(1-4):93-112
references: 8953753
references: Am J Phys Anthropol. 1995 May;97(1):49-76
references: 7645673
references: Folia Primatol (Basel). 1978;30(3):161-93
references: 720997
references: J Hum Evol. 1997 Apr;32(4):323-44
references: 9085185
references: Am J Phys Anthropol. 1996 Aug;100(4):507-22
references: 8842324
references: J Mot Behav. 1991 Sep;23(3):211-8
references: 14766518
references: Am J Phys Anthropol. 2009 Nov;140(3):508-17
references: 19530076
references: Am J Phys Anthropol. 1992 Jul;88(3):273-83
references: 1642315
references: Z Tierpsychol. 1977 Sep;45(1):1-60
references: 414475
references: Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 1998 Jul;22(4):541-6
references: 9595567
references: Primates. 2003 Oct;44(4):333-9
references: 12851832
references: Am J Primatol. 2012 Aug;74(8):770-82
references: 22549430
references: Am J Primatol. 2012 Dec;74(12):1128-42
references: 22915011
references: Am J Phys Anthropol. 2012 Apr;147(4):580-92
references: 22328448
references: Am J Phys Anthropol. 2011 May;145(1):43-54
references: 21484760
references: Am J Phys Anthropol. 1967 Nov;27(3):333-41
references: 4968059
references: Am J Phys Anthropol. 2006 Oct;131(2):261-71
references: 16596593
references: Am J Phys Anthropol. 2005 Oct;128(2):371-80
references: 15795897
references: Am J Primatol. 1998;46(3):229-50
references: 9802513
references: Am J Phys Anthropol. 2001 May;115(1):80-94
references: 11309753
references: Am J Phys Anthropol. 2005 May;127(1):58-78
references: 15386279
references: Am J Phys Anthropol. 1995 Jan;96(1):73-82
references: 7726298
references: Am J Primatol. 2007 Jun;69(6):664-80
references: 17253633
references: Primates. 2009 Apr;50(2):131-41
references: 19205830
references: Am J Phys Anthropol. 1993 May;91(1):99-115
references: 8512057
references: Am J Phys Anthropol. 1998 Apr;105(4):493-510
references: 9584891