title: Knowledge translation in men's health research: development and delivery of content for use online.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Men can be hard to reach with face-to-face health-related information, while increasingly, research shows that they are seeking health information from online sources. Recognizing this trend, there is merit in developing innovative online knowledge translation (KT) strategies capable of translating research on men's health into engaging health promotion materials. While the concept of KT has become a new mantra for researchers wishing to bridge the gap between research evidence and improved health outcomes, little is written about the process, necessary skills, and best practices by which researchers can develop online knowledge translation.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Our aim was to illustrate some of the processes and challenges involved in, and potential value of, developing research knowledge online to promote men's health.
  
  
  METHODS
  We present experiences of KT across two case studies of men's health. First, we describe a study that uses interactive Web apps to translate knowledge relating to Canadian men's depression. Through a range of mechanisms, study findings were repackaged with the explicit aim of raising awareness and reducing the stigma associated with men's depression and/or help-seeking. Second, we describe an educational resource for teenage men about unintended pregnancy, developed for delivery in the formal Relationship and Sexuality Education school curricula of Ireland, Northern Ireland (United Kingdom), and South Australia. The intervention is based around a Web-based interactive film drama entitled "If I Were Jack".
  
  
  RESULTS
  For each case study, we describe the KT process and strategies that aided development of credible and well-received online content focused on men's health promotion. In both case studies, the original research generated the inspiration for the interactive online content and the core development strategy was working with a multidisciplinary team to develop this material through arts-based approaches. In both cases also, there is an acknowledgment of the need for gender and culturally sensitive information. Both aimed to engage men by disrupting stereotypes about men, while simultaneously addressing men through authentic voices and faces. Finally, in both case studies we draw attention to the need to think beyond placement of content online to delivery to target audiences from the outset.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The case studies highlight some of the new skills required by academics in the emerging paradigm of translational research and contribute to the nascent literature on KT. Our approach to online KT was to go beyond dissemination and diffusion to actively repackage research knowledge through arts-based approaches (videos and film scripts) as health promotion tools, with optimal appeal, to target male audiences. Our findings highlight the importance of developing a multidisciplinary team to inform the design of content, the importance of adaptation to context, both in terms of the national implementation context and consideration of gender-specific needs, and an integrated implementation and evaluation framework in all KT work.
authors: School of Nursing and Midwifery, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom. m.lohan@qub.ac.uk.
authors: Maria
authors: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3525-1283
authors: M
authors: Lohan
authors: Áine
authors: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5849-0506
authors: Á
authors: Aventin
authors: John L
authors: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9029-4003
authors: JL
authors: Oliffe
authors: Christina S
authors: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7841-4858
authors: CS
authors: Han
authors: Joan L
authors: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9724-5351
authors: JL
authors: Bottorff
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D003863:Depression; D005260:Female; D006293:Health Promotion / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D020407:Internet; D008297:Male; D054526:Men's Health; D011247:Pregnancy; D049168:Pregnancy, Unplanned; D057170:Translational Research, Biomedical
keywords: development of online content; knowledge translation; men’s health
references: Soc Sci Med. 2007 Aug;65(3):493-504
references: 17559996
references: Prev Med. 2003 Dec;37(6 Pt 1):646-53
references: 14636798
references: Trends Cogn Sci. 2001 Dec 1;5(12):533-539
references: 11728911
references: J Can Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2009 Feb;18(1):16-29
references: 19270845
references: J Adolesc Health. 2004 Jan;34(1):3-26
references: 14706401
references: Trends Cogn Sci. 2008 Jun;12(6):219-24
references: 18468941
references: Soc Sci Med. 2010 May;70(10):1492-500
references: 20207462
references: Soc Sci Med. 2011 May;72(9):1507-14
references: 21511378
references: Qual Health Res. 2006 Dec;16(10):1350-70
references: 17079798
references: J Sex Res. 2002 Feb;39(1):51-7
references: 12476257
references: Med 2 0. 2012 Aug 14;1(2):e3
references: 25075231
references: Eval Program Plann. 2015 Apr;49:19-30
references: 25483572
references: J Med Internet Res. 2010;12(1):e4
references: 20164043
references: J Contin Educ Health Prof. 2004 Spring;24(2):90-9
references: 15279134
references: Milbank Q. 2012 Jun;90(2):219-49
references: 22709387
references: BMC Health Serv Res. 2008;8:141
references: 18598339
references: Implement Sci. 2012;7:37
references: 22530986
references: Soc Sci Med. 2011 Sep;73(5):775-82
references: 21807445
references: Clin Invest Med. 2004 Apr;27(2):70-8
references: 15202826
references: Support Care Cancer. 2010 May;18(5):553-60
references: 19579037
references: Soc Sci Med. 2000 May;50(10):1385-401
references: 10741575
references: Int J Methods Psychiatr Res. 2003;12(1):3-21
references: 12830306
references: Aust N Z J Psychiatry. 2005 Oct;39(10):921-31
references: 16168020
references: J Adolesc Health. 2010 Oct;47(4):327-45
references: 20864002
references: J Med Internet Res. 2011;13(1):e5
references: 21247863
references: Can J Nurs Res. 2012 Sep;44(3):64-82
references: 23156192
references: Health Technol Assess. 2010 Feb;14(7):1-206, iii-iv
references: 20178696
references: Am J Prev Med. 2008 Aug;35(2 Suppl):S196-203
references: 18619400
references: CMAJ. 2009 Aug 4;181(3-4):165-8
references: 19620273
references: J Adolesc Health. 2012 Dec;51(6):535-43
references: 23174462
references: Stud Health Technol Inform. 2009;150:287-91
references: 19745315
references: J Med Internet Res. 2008;10(4):e42
references: 19017584
references: Qual Health Res. 2005 Mar;15(3):325-45
references: 15761103
references: J Cancer Educ. 2005 Fall;20(3):183-6
references: 16122368
references: Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2010;(9):CD006483
references: 20824850
references: J Adolesc. 2009 Aug;32(4):995-1008
references: 18950852
references: Am J Mens Health. 2015 Jan;9(1):53-63
references: 24713522
references: Implement Sci. 2012;7:50
references: 22651257
references: J Med Internet Res. 2013;15(6):e115
references: 23803284
references: Health (London). 2013 Jan;17(1):75-92
references: 22674749
references: Health Promot Int. 2010 Sep;25(3):363-70
references: 20427372
references: Comput Inform Nurs. 2008 Sep-Oct;26(5):258-64
references: 18769180
references: Implement Sci. 2010 Feb 12;5:16
references: 21080976
references: Int J Educ Res. 2014;68:35-45
references: 25284956
references: Health (London). 2014 Jan;18(1):60-78
references: 23426793
references: J Med Internet Res. 2013;15(8):e166
references: 23968998
references: Patient Educ Couns. 2011 Dec;85(3):e291-8
references: 21652162
references: Am J Public Health. 2006 Mar;96(3):403-5
references: 16449572
references: Soc Sci Med. 2006 May;62(9):2246-57
references: 16289741
references: J Adolesc Health. 2012 Jul;51(1):1-2
references: 22727069
references: Health Soc Work. 2011 Feb;36(1):45-53
references: 21446608
references: J Med Internet Res. 2013;15(12):e265
references: 24300158
references: J Med Internet Res. 2011;13(4):e108
references: 22155694
references: J Med Internet Res. 2011;13(4):e114
references: 22155746
references: CMAJ. 2003 Mar 18;168(6):710-1
references: 12642428
references: J Health Commun. 2010 Jan;15(1):3-17
references: 20390974
references: Implement Sci. 2009 Sep 23;4:61
references: 19775439
references: Sociol Health Illn. 2012 Mar;34(3):345-61
references: 21707661
references: Matern Child Health J. 2014 Apr;18(3):625-33
references: 23793481
references: J Adolesc Health. 2013 Jan;52(1):4-27
references: 23260830
references: Qual Health Res. 2010 Jul;20(7):987-98
references: 20360568
references: J Contin Educ Health Prof. 2006 Winter;26(1):13-24
references: 16557505
references: JAMA. 2008 Jan 9;299(2):211-3
references: 18182604
references: J Med Internet Res. 2012;14(5):e121
references: 23195753
references: Lancet. 2003 Oct 11;362(9391):1225-30
references: 14568747
references: CMAJ. 2010 Feb 9;182(2):E73-7
references: 19948812