title: Metal and motion artifacts by cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) in dental and maxillofacial study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed at evaluating incidence/degree of metal/motion artifacts and CT-dose-index in oral/maxillofacial examinations using Cone-Beam-CT.
  
  
  METHODS
  Interferences caused by metal and motion artifacts were evaluated in 500 patients aged from 6 to 81 years, in dental arches, maxillofacial and splanchocranium Cone-Beam-CT exams. The interferences was divided into four progressive degrees (G0-G3) related to the possibility to answer the clinical query. The parameters considered were field-of-view, scan time, patient's age, and anatomical area. Furthermore volumetric CT-dose-index was measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the presence of metal artifacts the clinical query was always answered (G3 = 0). No artifacts (G0) were found in all cases when metal was beyond 5 cm from interest site and in 18.4% when metal was inside this distance. Beam hardening and photon starvation due to implants, restoration and orthodontic therapies achieved 56.2% G1 and 25.4% G2. Motion artifacts were more frequent in under ten (31.5%) and over sixty (82.2%), and in mandible analysis (inferior arch 59.5%, both arches 47.3%). Moreover, their incidence and intensity were influenced by scan time (49.1% at 36 s) but not by field-of-view. Mean volumetric CT-dose-index of all patients was mGy 9.11 (mGy 3.62, 5.78, 8.89, and 13.07 at 18, 24, 26, and 36 s, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In our series Cone-Beam-CT diagnostic evaluation was never inhibited by metal artifacts and only in 1.9% of the cases by motion artifacts, always with a very low CT-dose-index.
authors: Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences Radiodiagnostic Unit n. 2, University of Florence-Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134, Florence, Italy, cosimo.nardi@unifi.it.
authors: Cosimo
authors: C
authors: Nardi
authors: Claudia
authors: C
authors: Borri
authors: Francesco
authors: F
authors: Regini
authors: Linda
authors: L
authors: Calistri
authors: Alessandro
authors: A
authors: Castellani
authors: Chiara
authors: C
authors: Lorini
authors: Stefano
authors: S
authors: Colagrande
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016477:Artifacts; D002648:Child; D054893:Cone-Beam Computed Tomography; D003724:Dental Arch / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D005145:Face / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006801:Humans; D008437:Maxilla / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D008670:Metals; D008875:Middle Aged; D009068:Movement; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D008670:Metals
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