title: Enhanced ozonation of selected pharmaceutical compounds by sonolysis.
abstract: In search of new options to achieve removal of pharmaceuticals in the environment, combined ultrasound and ozonation has become a focus of intense investigation for wastewater treatment. In this study, three pharmaceuticals were selected as model compounds for degradation experiments: diclofenac (DCF), sulfamethoxazole (SMX) and carbamazepine (CBZ). Comparison of the degradation rates for both ozonation and combined ultrasound/ozonation treatments was performed on single synthetic solutions as well as on a mixture of the selected pharmaceuticals, under different experimental conditions. For single synthetic solutions, the efficiency removal for ozonation reached 73%, 51% and 59% after 40 min for DCF, SMX and CBZ, respectively. Comparable results were obtained for pharmaceuticals in mixture. However, the combined ultrasound/ozone treatment was found to increase degradation efficiencies for both DCF and SMX single solutions up to 94% and 61%, respectively, whereas lower removal yields, up to 56%, was noted for CBZ. Likewise, when the combined treatment was applied to the mixture, relatively low removal efficiencies was found for CBZ (44%) and 90% degradation yield was achieved for DCF.
authors: a Sanitary Environmental Engineering Division, Department of Civil Engineering , University of Salerno , Via Giovanni Paolo II, 84084 Fisciano , SA , Italy.
authors: Vincenzo
authors: V
authors: Naddeo
authors: Ceyda Senem
authors: CS
authors: Uyguner-Demirel
authors: Moriel
authors: M
authors: Prado
authors: Alessandra
authors: A
authors: Cesaro
authors: Vincenzo
authors: V
authors: Belgiorno
authors: Florencio
authors: F
authors: Ballesteros
mesh_terms: D019220:High-Energy Shock Waves; D010126:Ozone / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000528:radiation effects; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000528:radiation effects; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D013010:Sonication / Q000379:methods*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000528:radiation effects; D018508:Water Purification / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D010126:Ozone
keywords: advanced oxidation processes; degradation; emerging contaminants; ozone; ultrasound