title: Effects of aquatic PNF lower extremity patterns on balance and ADL of stroke patients.
abstract: [Purpose] This study investigated the effect of aquatic proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) patterns in the lower extremity on balance and activities of daily living (ADL) in stroke patients. [Subjects] Twenty poststroke participants were randomly assigned to an experimental group (n = 10) or a control group (n = 10). The experimental group performed lower extremity patterns in an aquatic environment, and the control group performed lower extremity patterns on the ground. Both exercises were conducted for 30 minutes/day, 5 days/week for 6 weeks. Balance was measured with the Berg Balance Scale (BBS), Timed Up and Go Test (TUGT), Functional Reach Test (FRT), and One Leg Stand Test (OLST). Activities of daily living were measured with the Functional Independence Measure (FIM). A paired t-test was used to measure pre- and post-experiment differences, and an independent t-test was used to measure between-group differences. [Results] The experimental and control groups showed significant differences for all pre- and post-experiment variables. In the between-group comparison, the experimental group was significantly difference from the control group. [Conclusion] These results indicate that performing aquatic proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation patterns in the lower extremity enhances balance and ADL in stroke patients.
authors: Department of Physical Therapy, Graduate School of Physical Therapy, Daegu University, Republic of Korea.
authors: Eun-Kyung
authors: EK
authors: Kim
authors: Department of Physical Therapy, Yeol-Lin Hospital, Republic of Korea.
authors: Dong-Kyu
authors: DK
authors: Lee
authors: Department of Physical Therapy, Graduate School of Physical Therapy, Daegu University, Republic of Korea.
authors: Young-Mi
authors: YM
authors: Kim
keywords: Activities of daily living; Balance; Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation
references: Phys Ther. 1993 Jun;73(6):346-51; discussion 351-4
references: 8497509
references: Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2009 Jul-Aug;49(1):123-8
references: 18804874
references: Phys Ther. 2006 Jul;86(7):1001-12
references: 16813479
references: Clin Rehabil. 2007 May;21(5):395-410
references: 17613560
references: Physiotherapy. 1971 Oct;57(10):480-1
references: 5131593
references: Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2003 Nov;84(11):1589-94
references: 14639556
references: Stroke. 2003 Feb;34(2):494-501
references: 12574566
references: Rheum Dis Clin North Am. 1990 Nov;16(4):915-29
references: 2087584
references: Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2005 Aug;86(8):1552-6
references: 16084807
references: Aust J Physiother. 2005;51(2):102-8
references: 15924512
references: J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 1996 Sep;51(5):M233-8
references: 8808995
references: J Rheumatol Suppl. 1987 Aug;14 Suppl 15:22-5
references: 3498840
references: Lancet. 2005 Jun 25-Jul 1;365(9478):2160-1
references: 15978910
references: Phys Ther. 1992 Jul;72(7):532-8; discussion 539
references: 1409885