title: A sorghum MYB transcription factor induces 3-deoxyanthocyanidins and enhances resistance against leaf blights in maize.
abstract: Sorghum responds to the ingress of the fungal pathogen Colletotrichum sublineolum through the biosynthesis of 3-deoxyanthocyanidin phytoalexins at the site of primary infection. Biosynthesis of 3-deoxyanthocyanidins in sorghum requires a MYB transcription factor encoded by yellow seed1 (y1), an orthologue of the maize gene pericarp color1 (p1). Maize lines with a functional p1 and flavonoid structural genes do not produce foliar 3-deoxyanthocyanidins in response to fungal ingress. To perform a comparative metabolic analysis of sorghum and maize 3-deoxyanthocyanidin biosynthetic pathways, we developed transgenic maize lines expressing the sorghum y1 gene. In maize, the y1 transgene phenocopied p1-regulated pigment accumulation in the pericarp and cob glumes. LC-MS profiling of fungus-challenged Y1-maize leaves showed induction of 3-deoxyanthocyanidins, specifically luteolinidin. Y1-maize plants also induced constitutive and higher levels of flavonoids in leaves. In response to Colletotrichum graminicola, Y1-maize showed a resistance response.
authors: Department of Plant Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA. farag100@mans.edu.eg.|Intercollege Graduate Degree Program in Plant Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA. farag100@mans.edu.eg.|Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, AlMansoura, 35516, Egypt. farag100@mans.edu.eg.
authors: Farag
authors: F
authors: Ibraheem
authors: Department of Plant Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA. sig2@psu.edu.
authors: Iffa
authors: I
authors: Gaffoor
authors: Department of Plant Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA. qzt101@psu.edu.
authors: Qixian
authors: Q
authors: Tan
authors: MU Informatics Institute, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65201, USA. shyuc@missouri.edu.
authors: Chi-Ren
authors: CR
authors: Shyu
authors: Department of Plant Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA. sic3@psu.edu.|Intercollege Graduate Degree Program in Plant Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA. sic3@psu.edu.
authors: Surinder
authors: S
authors: Chopra
mesh_terms: D000872:Anthocyanins / Q000378:metabolism; D020231:Colletotrichum / Q000502:physiology; D060467:Disease Resistance; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000378:metabolism; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions; D010858:Pigmentation; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000382:microbiology; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified; D045868:Sorghum / Q000235:genetics; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*; D003313:Zea mays / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D000872:Anthocyanins; D005419:Flavonoids; D010940:Plant Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors
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