title: RARE/turbo spin echo imaging with Simultaneous Multislice Wave-CAIPI.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To enable highly accelerated RARE/Turbo Spin Echo (TSE) imaging using Simultaneous MultiSlice (SMS) Wave-CAIPI acquisition with reduced g-factor penalty.
  
  
  METHODS
  SMS Wave-CAIPI incurs slice shifts across simultaneously excited slices while playing sinusoidal gradient waveforms during the readout of each encoding line. This results in an efficient k-space coverage that spreads aliasing in all three dimensions to fully harness the encoding power of coil sensitivities. The novel MultiPINS radiofrequency (RF) pulses dramatically reduce the power deposition of multiband (MB) refocusing pulse, thus allowing high MB factors within the Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) limit.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Wave-CAIPI acquisition with MultiPINS permits whole brain coverage with 1 mm isotropic resolution in 70 s at effective MB factor 13, with maximum and average g-factor penalties of gmax  = 1.34 and gavg  = 1.12, and without √R penalty. With blipped-CAIPI, the g-factor performance was degraded to gmax  = 3.24 and gavg  = 1.42; a 2.4-fold increase in gmax relative to Wave-CAIPI. At this MB factor, the SAR of the MultiBand and PINS pulses are 4.2 and 1.9 times that of the MultiPINS pulse, while the peak RF power are 19.4 and 3.9 times higher.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Combination of the two technologies, Wave-CAIPI and MultiPINS pulse, enables highly accelerated RARE/TSE imaging with low SNR penalty at reduced SAR.
authors: Fetal-Neonatal Neuroimaging & Developmental Science Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.|Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
authors: Borjan A
authors: BA
authors: Gagoski
authors: Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.|Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA.
authors: Berkin
authors: B
authors: Bilgic
authors: Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA.|Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany.
authors: Cornelius
authors: C
authors: Eichner
authors: Siemens Medical Solutions USA Inc., Charlestown, MA, USA.
authors: Himanshu
authors: H
authors: Bhat
authors: Fetal-Neonatal Neuroimaging & Developmental Science Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.|Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
authors: P Ellen
authors: PE
authors: Grant
authors: Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.|Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA.|Harvard-MIT Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
authors: Lawrence L
authors: LL
authors: Wald
authors: Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.|Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA.
authors: Kawin
authors: K
authors: Setsompop
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000465:Algorithms; D001921:Brain / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D044962:Data Compression / Q000379:methods; D017352:Echo-Planar Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods*; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted; D013113:Spin Labels
chemical_list: D013113:Spin Labels
keywords: CAIPIRINHA; MultiPINS; RARE/TSE/FSE; Wave-CAIPI; simultaneous multislice, multiband
references: Magn Reson Med. 2012 May;67(5):1210-24
references: 21858868
references: Neuroimage. 2012 Sep;62(3):1939-46
references: 22683385
references: Neuroimage. 2012 Oct 15;63(1):569-80
references: 22732564
references: J Magn Reson. 2013 Apr;229:75-89
references: 23453758
references: J Magn Reson. 2013 Apr;229:90-100
references: 23473893
references: Magn Reson Med. 2013 May;69(5):1261-7
references: 23468087
references: Magn Reson Med. 2013 Jun;69(6):1665-9
references: 22847672
references: Neuroimage. 2013 Oct 15;80:80-104
references: 23702417
references: Magn Reson Med. 2013 Dec;70(6):1653-61
references: 23878098
references: Magn Reson Med. 2013 Dec;70(6):1500-6
references: 24130105
references: J Magn Reson Imaging. 2014 Jan;39(1):189-94
references: 24123420
references: Magn Reson Med. 2014 Jan;71(1):44-9
references: 24150771
references: Magn Reson Med. 2014 Apr;71(4):1518-25
references: 23798017
references: Magn Reson Med. 2014 Jun;71(6):2071-81
references: 23878075
references: Magn Reson Med. 2014 Sep;72(3):770-8
references: 24285593
references: Magn Reson Med. 2014 Oct;72(4):949-58
references: 25103999
references: Magn Reson Med. 2015 Mar;73(3):1034-40
references: 24639238
references: Magn Reson Med. 2014 Mar;71(3):990-1001
references: 23649942
references: Magn Reson Med. 2015 Jun;73(6):2152-62
references: 24986223
references: J Magn Reson Imaging. 2013 Nov;38(5):1020-6
references: 23559147
references: Magn Reson Med. 1999 Nov;42(5):952-62
references: 10542355
references: Magn Reson Med. 2000 Sep;44(3):383-6
references: 10975889
references: J Magn Reson Imaging. 2001 Feb;13(2):313-7
references: 11169840
references: NMR Biomed. 2001 Apr;14(2):57-64
references: 11320533
references: Magn Reson Med. 2001 Oct;46(4):638-51
references: 11590639
references: Magn Reson Med. 2002 Jun;47(6):1202-10
references: 12111967
references: Magn Reson Med. 2003 Mar;49(3):527-35
references: 12594756
references: Magn Reson Med. 1986 Dec;3(6):823-33
references: 3821461
references: Magn Reson Med. 1988 Mar;6(3):364-71
references: 3362070
references: J Comput Assist Tomogr. 1988 Nov-Dec;12(6):1026-30
references: 3183105
references: Magn Reson Med. 1990 Jul;15(1):152-7
references: 2374495
references: Radiology. 1991 Nov;181(2):597-602
references: 1924811
references: Magn Reson Med. 1991 Aug;20(2):344-9
references: 1775061
references: Magn Reson Imaging. 1992;10(4):497-511
references: 1501520
references: AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 1992 Nov-Dec;13(6):1555-64
references: 1332459
references: Magn Reson Med. 2005 Mar;53(3):684-91
references: 15723404
references: Magn Reson Med. 2006 Mar;55(3):549-56
references: 16408271
references: Magn Reson Med. 2006 Mar;55(3):633-48
references: 16470597
references: Magn Reson Med. 2007 Jun;57(6):1196-202
references: 17534910
references: Magn Reson Med. 2008 Aug;60(2):474-8
references: 18666134
references: Magn Reson Med. 2008 Sep;60(3):674-82
references: 18683237
references: Magn Reson Med. 2009 Mar;61(3):705-15
references: 19145634
references: Magn Reson Med. 2009 Dec;62(6):1574-84
references: 19785017
references: Magn Reson Med. 2010 May;63(5):1144-53
references: 20432285
references: Magn Reson Med. 2010 Aug;64(2):457-71
references: 20665790
references: Magn Reson Med. 2010 Sep;64(3):767-76
references: 20535813
references: Magn Reson Med. 2011 Jan;65(1):157-64
references: 20872868
references: PLoS One. 2010;5(12):e15710
references: 21187930
references: Magn Reson Med. 2011 Nov;66(5):1234-40
references: 22009706
references: J Magn Reson. 2011 Dec;213(2):533-41
references: 22152368