title: Elevated serum levels of neutrophil elastase in patients with influenza virus-associated encephalopathy.
abstract: We examined serum levels of various cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, and adhesion molecules in patients with uncomplicated influenza (n=20) and influenza virus-associated encephalopathy (IE) (n=18) to understand the underlying mechanism of IE. We found that IL-1β, IL-2, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-10, IL-13, G-CSF, GM-CSF, TNF-α, TIMP-1, MMP-9, sE-selectin, and neutrophil elastase were elevated significantly in sera from patients with uncomplicated influenza and those with IE, compared with normal controls (n=20). Of note, neutrophil elastase, sE-selectin, IL-8, and IL-13 were elevated significantly in IE as compared with uncomplicated influenza. In the present study, for the first time, we found that serum levels of neutrophil elastase were increased in patients with IE compared with uncomplicated influenza, which suggested that cerebral endothelial damage in the development of IE was mediated by neutrophil elastase. The present study implied that anti-elastase agents are possibly an effective therapeutic protocol for IE, but this needs further elucidation.
authors: Department of Pediatrics, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan; Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China.
authors: Guilian
authors: G
authors: Sun
authors: Department of Pediatrics, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan; Department of Advanced Preventive Medicine for Infectious Disease, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.
authors: Chiharu
authors: C
authors: Ota
authors: Department of Pediatrics, Sendai Medical Center, Sendai, Japan.
authors: Setsuko
authors: S
authors: Kitaoka
authors: Department of Pediatrics, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.
authors: Yoko
authors: Y
authors: Chiba
authors: Department of Pediatrics, Sendai City Hospital, Sendai, Japan.
authors: Masaru
authors: M
authors: Takayanagi
authors: Department of Pediatrics, Sendai City Hospital, Sendai, Japan.
authors: Taro
authors: T
authors: Kitamura
authors: Department of Pediatrics, Sendai City Hospital, Sendai, Japan.
authors: Katsuya
authors: K
authors: Yamamoto
authors: Department of Pediatrics, Iwaki Kyoritsu General Hospital, Iwaki, Japan.
authors: Hiromi
authors: H
authors: Fujie
authors: Department of Pediatrics, Iwate Prefectural Central Hospital, Morioka, Japan.
authors: Hitoshi
authors: H
authors: Mikami
authors: Department of Pediatrics, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.
authors: Mitsugu
authors: M
authors: Uematsu
authors: Department of Pediatrics, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.
authors: Naomi
authors: N
authors: Hino-Fukuyo
authors: Department of Pediatrics, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.
authors: Mitsutoshi
authors: M
authors: Munakata
authors: Department of Pediatrics, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.
authors: Shigeo
authors: S
authors: Kure
authors: Department of Pediatrics, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan; Department of Pediatric Neurology, Takuto Rehabilitation Center for Children, Sendai, Japan. Electronic address: khaginoya@kha.biglobe.ne.jp.
authors: Kazuhiro
authors: K
authors: Haginoya
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood; D019040:E-Selectin / Q000097:blood; D018792:Encephalitis, Viral / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000097:blood; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000821:virology; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000097:blood; D018793:Interleukin-13 / Q000097:blood; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000097:blood; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000097:blood; D015848:Interleukin-5 / Q000097:blood; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D015851:Interleukin-7 / Q000097:blood; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000097:blood; D019272:Leukocyte Elastase / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D019715:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1 / Q000097:blood; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D019040:E-Selectin; D018793:Interleukin-13; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D007376:Interleukin-2; D015848:Interleukin-5; D015850:Interleukin-6; D015851:Interleukin-7; D016209:Interleukin-8; D019715:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D016753:Interleukin-10; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor; D019272:Leukocyte Elastase
keywords: Adhesion molecule; Cytokine; Encephalopathy; Influenza; Neutrophil elastase; Soluble E-selectin