title: Dynamics of infant gut microbiota are influenced by delivery mode and gestational duration and are associated with subsequent adiposity.
abstract: We found that the relatively simple microbiota of young infants shifts predictably to a more mature anaerobic microbiota during infancy and the dynamics of this shift are influenced by environmental factors. In this longitudinal study of 75 infants, we demonstrate high interindividual variability within the normal range of birth outcomes, especially in the rate of microbiota progression. Most had acquired a microbiota profile high in Bifidobacterium and Collinsella by 6 months of age, but the time point of this acquisition was later in infants delivered by caesarean section and those born after a shorter duration of gestation. Independently of the delivery mode and gestation duration, infants who acquired a profile high in Bifidobacterium and Collinsella at a later age had lower adiposity at 18 months of age.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study shows that the acquisition of the early microbiota is strongly influenced by environmental factors such as the delivery mode and duration of gestation, even in healthy neonates. The composition of the early microbiota has been linked with long-lasting effects on health and disease. Here we show that the rate of acquisition of certain microbiota predicts adiposity at 18 months of age and so potentially the risk of later obesity.
authors: Brenner Centre for Molecular Medicine, Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Singapore.
authors: Shaillay
authors: S
authors: Dogra
authors: Nestlé Research Center, Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors: Olga
authors: O
authors: Sakwinska
authors: Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
authors: Shu-E
authors: SE
authors: Soh
authors: Nestlé Research Center, Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors: Catherine
authors: C
authors: Ngom-Bru
authors: Nestlé Research Center, Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors: Wolfram M
authors: WM
authors: Brück
authors: Nestlé Research Center, Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors: Bernard
authors: B
authors: Berger
authors: Nestlé Research Center, Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors: Harald
authors: H
authors: Brüssow
authors: Yung Seng
authors: YS
authors: Lee
authors: KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore.
authors: Fabian
authors: F
authors: Yap
authors: Yap-Seng
authors: YS
authors: Chong
authors: MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit and NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, United Kingdom.
authors: Keith M
authors: KM
authors: Godfrey
authors: Joanna_Holbrook@sics.a-star.edu.sg.
authors: Joanna D
authors: JD
authors: Holbrook
mesh_terms: D050154:Adiposity; D001419:Bacteria / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D044822:Biodiversity; D005260:Female; D000069196:Gastrointestinal Microbiome; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007422:Intestines / Q000382:microbiology*; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D009765:Obesity / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000503:physiopathology
references: Curr Opin Gastroenterol. 2014 Mar;30(2):120-7
references: 24468803
references: Gut Microbes. 2012 Jul-Aug;3(4):352-65
references: 22743759
references: Br J Nutr. 2014 Apr 28;111(8):1507-19
references: 24299712
references: Gut Microbes. 2014 Mar-Apr;5(2):192-201
references: 24637795
references: Nature. 2014 Jun 19;510(7505):417-21
references: 24896187
references: Int J Obes (Lond). 2014 Aug;38(8):1115-9
references: 24257411
references: J Hypertens. 2014 Sep;32(9):1789-96
references: 25023150
references: Cell. 2014 Aug 14;158(4):705-21
references: 25126780
references: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2014 Aug 26;111(34):12522-7
references: 25114261
references: Int J Epidemiol. 2014 Oct;43(5):1401-9
references: 23912809
references: Crit Rev Microbiol. 2015;41(3):326-40
references: 24645635
references: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004 Nov 2;101(44):15718-23
references: 15505215
references: Nature. 2006 Dec 21;444(7122):1022-3
references: 17183309
references: Nature. 2006 Dec 21;444(7122):1027-31
references: 17183312
references: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2007 Jan 16;104(3):979-84
references: 17210919
references: N Engl J Med. 2007 Oct 11;357(15):1487-95
references: 17928596
references: Acta Paediatr. 2009 Feb;98(2):229-38
references: 19143664
references: Appl Environ Microbiol. 2009 Dec;75(23):7537-41
references: 19801464
references: ISME J. 2010 Feb;4(2):151-8
references: 19710708
references: Nature. 2012 Oct 4;490(7418):55-60
references: 23023125
references: Nat Rev Microbiol. 2012 Nov;10(11):735-42
references: 23000955
references: Genome Res. 2013 Jan;23(1):111-20
references: 22936250
references: Sci Transl Med. 2013 Feb 13;5(172):172ra22
references: 23408055
references: Clin Perinatol. 2013 Mar;40(1):11-25
references: 23415261
references: Science. 2013 Mar 1;339(6123):1084-8
references: 23328391
references: CMAJ. 2013 Mar 19;185(5):385-94
references: 23401405
references: Trends Microbiol. 2013 Apr;21(4):167-73
references: 23332725
references: Int J Obes (Lond). 2013 Jul;37(7):900-6
references: 23670220
references: PLoS One. 2013;8(6):e66986
references: 23840569
references: Am J Clin Nutr. 2013 Aug;98(2):561S-71S
references: 23824728
references: J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2013 Sep;132(3):601-607.e8
references: 23900058
references: JAMA Pediatr. 2013 Nov;167(11):1053-9
references: 24080985
references: Early Hum Dev. 2010 Jul;86 Suppl 1:13-5
references: 20133091
references: Microbiology. 2010 Nov;156(Pt 11):3317-28
references: 20829292
references: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2011 Jan 18;108(3):1128-33
references: 21191099
references: N Engl J Med. 2011 Feb 24;364(8):701-9
references: 21345099
references: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2011 Mar 15;108 Suppl 1:4578-85
references: 20668239
references: Int J Obes (Lond). 2011 Apr;35(4):522-9
references: 21386800
references: Pediatr Res. 2011 Sep;70(3):282-6
references: 21629156
references: J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2011 Nov;128(5):948-55.e1-3
references: 21872915
references: FEMS Microbiol Ecol. 2012 Mar;79(3):763-72
references: 22126419
references: Semin Immunol. 2012 Feb;24(1):67-74
references: 22265028
references: Appl Environ Microbiol. 2012 Apr;78(8):2613-22
references: 22307308
references: Anaerobe. 2012 Jun;18(3):378-80
references: 22579986
references: Nature. 2012 Jun 14;486(7402):222-7
references: 22699611
references: Arch Dis Child. 2012 Jul;97(7):610-6
references: 22623615
references: PLoS One. 2012;7(8):e44595
references: 22957008
references: JAMA. 2014 Feb 12;311(6):587-96
references: 24519298