title: Comparative genomics reveals new candidate genes involved in selenium metabolism in prokaryotes.
abstract: Selenium (Se) is an important micronutrient that mainly occurs in proteins in the form of selenocysteine and in tRNAs in the form of selenouridine. In the past 20 years, several genes involved in Se utilization have been characterized in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. However, Se homeostasis and the associated regulatory network are not fully understood. In this study, we conducted comparative genomics and phylogenetic analyses to examine the occurrence of all known Se utilization traits in prokaryotes. Our results revealed a highly mosaic pattern of species that use Se (in different forms) in spite that most organisms do not use this element. Further investigation of genomic context of known Se-related genes in different organisms suggested novel candidate genes that may participate in Se metabolism in bacteria and/or archaea. Among them, a membrane protein, YedE, which contains ten transmembrane domains and shows distant similarity to a sulfur transporter, is exclusively found in Se-utilizing organisms, suggesting that it may be involved in Se transport. A LysR-like transcription factor subfamily might be important for the regulation of Sec biosynthesis and/or other Se-related genes. In addition, a small protein family DUF3343 is widespread in Se-utilizing organisms, which probably serves as an important chaperone for Se trafficking within the cells. Finally, we proposed a simple model of Se homeostasis based on our findings. Our study reveals new candidate genes involved in Se metabolism in prokaryotes and should be useful for a further understanding of the complex metabolism and the roles of Se in biology.
authors: Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
authors: Jie
authors: J
authors: Lin
authors: Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
authors: Ting
authors: T
authors: Peng
authors: Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Shenzhen University, Guangdong Province, China.
authors: Liang
authors: L
authors: Jiang
authors: Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Shenzhen University, Guangdong Province, China.
authors: Jia-Zuan
authors: JZ
authors: Ni
authors: Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Shenzhen University, Guangdong Province, China.
authors: Qiong
authors: Q
authors: Liu
authors: Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China lnchen@sibs.ac.cn yanzhang01@sibs.ac.cn.
authors: Luonan
authors: L
authors: Chen
authors: Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China lnchen@sibs.ac.cn yanzhang01@sibs.ac.cn.
authors: Yan
authors: Y
authors: Zhang
mesh_terms: D001105:Archaea / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D019843:Archaeal Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D001419:Bacteria / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D019766:Genes, Archaeal; D005798:Genes, Bacterial; D020745:Genome, Archaeal; D016680:Genome, Bacterial; D023281:Genomics; D012643:Selenium / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D019843:Archaeal Proteins; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D012643:Selenium
keywords: SelD; comparative genomics; prokaryotes; selenium metabolism
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