title: Four major dietary patterns identified for a target-population of adults residing in Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Very limited nutritional epidemiological studies conducted to explore the unique dietary exposure in Newfoundland and Labrador (NL). This study aims to identify and characterize major dietary patterns in the target-population from general adult NL residents and assess the associations with selected demographic factors.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 192 participants, aged 35-70 years, completed and returned a food-frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and participated in a telephone interview to collect demographic information. Dietary patterns were identified by common factor analysis. Univariate and multivariate linear regression analyses were used to assess determinants of the different food consumption patterns. Pearson's correlation coefficients were calculated for food scores of each pattern, total energy, and energy-adjusted nutrient intakes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Factor analyses identified four dietary patterns, which were labeled as "Meat", "Vegetable/fruit", "Fish", and "Grain" patterns. In combination, the four dietary patterns explained 63% of the variance in dietary habits of the study population. Multivariate linear regression analysis indicated an increasing trend of factor scores for Meat and Grain pattern with age. Male participants were found to be more likely to choose the Meat and Fish patterns. Current smokers and those married/living together tend to choose the Grain pattern. Pearson's correlation coefficients showed positive correlations between fat and cholesterol and the Meat pattern, fiber and the Vegetable/fruits pattern, protein and the Fish pattern, and carbohydrates and the Grain pattern.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study derived four dietary patterns and obtained their significant associations with specific demographic characteristics in this population. It identified one dietary consumption pattern (Fish) not yet seen in other studied populations. These findings will update the current dietary-health information published in this province, and contribute to further research into the association between dietary practices and health.
authors: Division of Community Health and Humanities, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada. zc1476@mun.ca.
authors: Zhi
authors: Z
authors: Chen
authors: Division of Community Health and Humanities, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada. ll3332@mun.ca.
authors: Lin
authors: L
authors: Liu
authors: Division of Community Health and Humanities, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada. broeboth@mun.ca.
authors: Barbara
authors: B
authors: Roebothan
authors: Division of Community Health and Humanities, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada. annr@mun.ca.
authors: Ann
authors: A
authors: Ryan
authors: Division of Community Health and Humanities, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada. jennifer_colbourne@hotmail.com.
authors: Jennifer
authors: J
authors: Colbourne
authors: Division of Community Health and Humanities, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada. natashabaker2729@gmail.com.
authors: Natasha
authors: N
authors: Baker
authors: School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China. yanjing@tijmu.edu.cn.
authors: Jing
authors: J
authors: Yan
authors: Division of Community Health and Humanities, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada. pwang@mun.ca.|School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China. pwang@mun.ca.
authors: Peizhong Peter
authors: PP
authors: Wang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002170:Canada; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009523:Newfoundland and Labrador; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
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