title: Formula-derived advanced glycation end products are involved in the development of long-term inflammation and oxidative stress in kidney of IUGR piglets.
abstract: METHODS
  Formula-derived dietary advanced glycation end products (AGEs) may promote programming of inflammation and oxidative stress in the kidney of intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) piglets.
  
  
  RESULTS
  IUGR piglets received either a low temperature heated formula (n = 8) or a high temperature heated formula (HHF: n = 8) or suckled naturally for 3 wk postnatally. Then they were fed with normal ad libitum regular diet. N(ε)-carboxymethyllysine (CML) was measured in plasma, feces, and formula by HPLC/MS-MS. CML was detected by immunofluorescence in kidney cells. Target renin-angiotensin-apoptotic, pro-inflammatory genes-p62 NF-κB, and soluble receptor of AGE (sRAGE) levels were quantified. Compared with that in controls, free CML and plasma urea increased significantly in the HHF-fed group at PND36 (p < 0.05). CML was detected in the nuclei of renal tubular cells of formula-fed piglets but not in suckled ones. This presence of CML was associated with the activation of the soluble receptor of AGE. AT1, AT2, caspase 3, caspase 8, NF-κB, p62 NF-κB, and total protein oxidation in kidney were higher in HHF-fed group as compared to LHF-fed group (p < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Food processes aimed at reducing the concentration of AGEs in infant formula are urgently needed and may be therapeutically relevant for premature and/or IUGR babies.
authors: UP-EGEAL 2012.10.101, Institut Polytechnique LaSalle Beauvais, Beauvais, France.
authors: Ghada
authors: G
authors: Elmhiri
authors: Dler F D
authors: DF
authors: Mahmood
authors: Celine
authors: C
authors: Niquet-Leridon
authors: Philippe
authors: P
authors: Jacolot
authors: Stephane
authors: S
authors: Firmin
authors: Lydie
authors: L
authors: Guigand
authors: Frederic J
authors: FJ
authors: Tessier
authors: Thibaut
authors: T
authors: Larcher
authors: Latifa
authors: L
authors: Abdennebi-Najar
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism; D005317:Fetal Growth Retardation / Q000378:metabolism*; D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000378:metabolism; D007249:Inflammation / Q000209:etiology*; D007668:Kidney / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D008239:Lysine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D000067759:Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products / Q000032:analysis; D012084:Renin-Angiotensin System / Q000502:physiology; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced; D000067759:Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products; C048496:N(6)-carboxymethyllysine; D008239:Lysine
keywords: Advanced glycation end products; Infant formula; Intrauterine growth retardation; Kidney disease; Programming