title: Mesenchymal stem cells are enriched in head neck squamous cell carcinoma, correlates with tumour size and inhibit T-cell proliferation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cancer is a multifactorial disease not only restricted to transformed epithelium, but also involving cells of the immune system and cells of mesenchymal origin, particularly mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Mesenchymal stem cells contribute to blood- and lymph- neoangiogenesis, generate myofibroblasts, with pro-invasive activity and may suppress anti-tumour immunity.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this paper, we evaluated the presence and features of MSCs isolated from human head neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fresh specimens of HNSCC showed higher proportions of CD90+ cells compared with normal tissue; these cells co-expressed CD29, CD105, and CD73, but not CD31, CD45, CD133, and human epithelial antigen similarly to bone marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs). Adherent stromal cells isolated from tumour shared also differentiation potential with BM-MSCs, thus we named them as tumour-MSCs. Interestingly, tumour-MSCs showed a clear immunosuppressive activity on in vitro stimulated T lymphocytes, mainly mediated by indoelamine 2,3 dioxygenase activity, like BM-MSCs. To evaluate their possible role in tumour growth in vivo, we correlated tumour-MSC proportions with neoplasm size. Tumour-MSCs frequency directly correlated with tumour volume and inversely with the frequency of tumour-infiltrating leukocytes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data support the concept that tumour-MSCs may favour tumour growth not only through their effect on stromal development, but also by inhibiting the anti-tumour immune response.
authors: 1] Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine and DENOTHE Center, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy [2] Regenerative Medicine Unit and Immunology and Cellular Therapy Unit of Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, 50134 Florence, Italy.
authors: F
authors: F
authors: Liotta
authors: Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine and DENOTHE Center, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy.
authors: V
authors: V
authors: Querci
authors: First Clinic of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Florence, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Careggi, 50134 Florence, Italy.
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Mannelli
authors: Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine and DENOTHE Center, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy.
authors: V
authors: V
authors: Santarlasci
authors: Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine and DENOTHE Center, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy.
authors: L
authors: L
authors: Maggi
authors: Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine and DENOTHE Center, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy.
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Capone
authors: Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine and DENOTHE Center, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy.
authors: M C
authors: MC
authors: Rossi
authors: Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine and DENOTHE Center, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy.
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Mazzoni
authors: 1] Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine and DENOTHE Center, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy [2] Regenerative Medicine Unit and Immunology and Cellular Therapy Unit of Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, 50134 Florence, Italy.
authors: L
authors: L
authors: Cosmi
authors: Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine and DENOTHE Center, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy.
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Romagnani
authors: 1] Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine and DENOTHE Center, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy [2] Regenerative Medicine Unit and Immunology and Cellular Therapy Unit of Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, 50134 Florence, Italy.
authors: E
authors: E
authors: Maggi
authors: First Clinic of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Florence, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Careggi, 50134 Florence, Italy.
authors: O
authors: O
authors: Gallo
authors: 1] Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine and DENOTHE Center, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy [2] Regenerative Medicine Unit and Immunology and Cellular Therapy Unit of Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, 50134 Florence, Italy.
authors: F
authors: F
authors: Annunziato
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002452:Cell Count; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D015536:Down-Regulation; D005260:Female; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D000077195:Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000502:physiology*; D018800:Thy-1 Antigens / Q000378:metabolism; D047368:Tumor Burden
chemical_list: D018800:Thy-1 Antigens
references: Exp Hematol. 2002 Jan;30(1):42-8
references: 11823036
references: Cancer. 2007 Oct 1;110(7):1429-35
references: 17724670
references: Mol Biol Cell. 2002 Dec;13(12):4279-95
references: 12475952
references: Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 2005 Aug;33(2):145-52
references: 15891110
references: N Engl J Med. 1995 Apr 20;332(16):1052-7
references: 7898522
references: Oral Oncol. 2010 May;46(5):336-42
references: 20219413
references: Handb Exp Pharmacol. 2007;(180):263-83
references: 17554513
references: J Natl Cancer Inst. 1968 Feb;40(2):389-405
references: 5638610
references: Lancet. 2004 May 1;363(9419):1439-41
references: 15121408
references: Cancer Res. 2008 Jun 1;68(11):4331-9
references: 18519693
references: Eur J Immunol. 2010 Dec;40(12):3312-6
references: 21110314
references: Cytotherapy. 2005;7(5):393-5
references: 16236628
references: Blood. 2003 Aug 15;102(4):1548-9
references: 12900350
references: Oncol Lett. 2013 Jan;5(1):179-184
references: 23255916
references: Laryngoscope. 1981 Apr;91(4):520-8
references: 7012492
references: Tissue Eng. 2004 Jul-Aug;10(7-8):1093-112
references: 15363167
references: Stem Cells. 2008 Jan;26(1):279-89
references: 17962701
references: N Engl J Med. 2001 Dec 27;345(26):1890-900
references: 11756581
references: Cancer Metastasis Rev. 2010 Jun;29(2):249-61
references: 20411303
references: BJOG. 2009 Jan;116(2):166-72
references: 19076948
references: Cytotherapy. 2006;8(4):315-7
references: 16923606
references: Nat Immunol. 2010 Aug;11(8):674-80
references: 20644573
references: Curr Stem Cell Res Ther. 2007 Dec;2(4):310-23
references: 18220915
references: J Exp Med. 2008 Aug 4;205(8):1903-16
references: 18663128
references: Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2007 Oct 5;361(4):883-9
references: 17679141
references: Int J Cancer. 2008 Nov 15;123(10):2229-38
references: 18777559
references: J Cancer Res Clin Oncol. 2011 Mar;137(3):495-504
references: 20473524
references: Cancer Res. 2014 Mar 1;74(5):1576-87
references: 24452999
references: Cytotherapy. 2007;9(8):717-26
references: 17917891
references: J Periodontol. 2010 Jun;81(6):917-25
references: 20450355
references: Stem Cells Dev. 2009 Jul-Aug;18(6):867-80
references: 19579288
references: Fertil Steril. 2011 Jan;95(1):423-6
references: 20864098
references: Exp Cell Res. 1991 Aug;195(2):492-503
references: 2070830
references: Stem Cells. 2006 Feb;24(2):386-98
references: 16123384
references: Cell Biol Int. 2011 Feb;35(2):119-23
references: 20874707
references: Blood. 2004 Oct 1;104(7):2084-6
references: 15191949
references: Stem Cell Res Ther. 2014;5(4):95
references: 25115189
references: J Clin Oncol. 2003 Apr 1;21(7):1352-8
references: 12663726
references: Biol Blood Marrow Transplant. 2010 Jun;16(6):838-47
references: 20109568
references: Stem Cell Res Ther. 2013;4(5):114
references: 24405819
references: PLoS One. 2009;4(4):e4992
references: 19352430
references: Ann Oncol. 2012 Sep;23 Suppl 8:viii6-9
references: 22918931