title: Exosomes in mesenchymal stem cells, a new therapeutic strategy for cardiovascular diseases?
abstract: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are still a major cause of people deaths worldwide, and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) transplantation holds great promise due to its capacity to differentiate into cardiovascular cells and secrete protective cytokines, which presents an important mechanism of MSCs therapy for CVDs. Although the capability of MSCs to differentiate into cardiomyocytes (CMCs), endothelial cells (ECs) and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) has been well recognized in massive previous experiments both in vitro and in vivo, low survival rate of transplanted MSCs in recipient hearts suggests that therapeutic effects of MSCs transplantation might be also correlated with other underlying mechanisms. Notably, recent studies uncovered that MSCs were able to secret cholesterol-rich, phospholipid exosomes which were enriched with microRNAs (miRNAs). The released exosomes from MSCs acted on hearts and vessels, and then exerted anti-apoptosis, cardiac regeneration, anti-cardiac remodeling, anti-inflammatory effects, neovascularization and anti-vascular remodeling, which are considered as novel molecular mechanisms of therapeutic potential of MSCs transplantation. Here we summarized recent advances about the role of exosomes in MSCs therapy for CVDs, and discussed exosomes as a novel approach in the treatment of CVDs in the future.
authors: Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University (the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China), Harbin 150081, China.
authors: Lina
authors: L
authors: Huang
authors: Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University (the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China), Harbin 150081, China.
authors: Wenya
authors: W
authors: Ma
authors: Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University (the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China), Harbin 150081, China.
authors: Yidi
authors: Y
authors: Ma
authors: Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University (the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China), Harbin 150081, China.
authors: Dan
authors: D
authors: Feng
authors: Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University (the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China), Harbin 150081, China.
authors: Hongyang
authors: H
authors: Chen
authors: Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University (the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China), Harbin 150081, China.
authors: Benzhi
authors: B
authors: Cai
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000628:therapy*; D055354:Exosomes / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology*
keywords: exosomes; mesenchymal stem cell; microRNA; myocardial infarction; pulmonary hypertension; reperfusion injury
references: Free Radic Biol Med. 1991;10(5):315-24
references: 1855672
references: J Cell Biochem. 2011 Apr;112(4):1206-18
references: 21312238
references: PeerJ. 2013 Nov 05;1:e201
references: 24255815
references: Blood. 1999 Dec 1;94(11):3791-9
references: 10572093
references: Mol Cells. 2010 Jan;29(1):9-19
references: 20016947
references: Circ Res. 2014 Jan 17;114(2):333-44
references: 24436429
references: Cancer Lett. 2014 Jun 28;348(1-2):71-6
references: 24657661
references: J Huazhong Univ Sci Technolog Med Sci. 2012 Dec;32(6):810-7
references: 23271278
references: Stem Cell Res. 2010 May;4(3):214-22
references: 20138817
references: Mol Cancer. 2014;13:169
references: 25015105
references: Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 2007 May-Jun;49(6):396-413
references: 17498520
references: Cell Res. 2010 Apr;20(4):434-44
references: 20101261
references: J Liposome Res. 2012 Dec;22(4):346-52
references: 22984881
references: J Cell Mol Med. 2010 May;14(5):1064-70
references: 20465578
references: Arthroscopy. 2013 Jun;29(6):1034-46
references: 23726109
references: Regen Med. 2011 Jul;6(4):481-92
references: 21749206
references: Nat Cell Biol. 2007 Jun;9(6):654-9
references: 17486113
references: Nat Clin Pract Cardiovasc Med. 2005 Feb;2(2):88-94
references: 16265379
references: Pulm Circ. 2012 Apr-Jun;2(2):170-81
references: 22837858
references: J Biol Chem. 2007 May 11;282(19):14243-52
references: 17363374
references: Front Biosci (Schol Ed). 2011;3:1047-57
references: 21622254
references: PLoS One. 2013;8(12):e84256
references: 24391924
references: Stem Cell Res. 2013 May;10(3):301-12
references: 23399448
references: Nat Med. 2001 Mar;7(3):297-303
references: 11231627
references: Int Immunopharmacol. 2012 Dec;14(4):432-7
references: 22922316
references: Can J Cardiol. 1993 Jan-Feb;9(1):89-93
references: 8439833
references: Pulm Pharmacol Ther. 2014 Feb;27(1):1-9
references: 23796770
references: Circulation. 2013 Jan 15;127(2):213-23
references: 23224061
references: Nat Chem Biol. 2013 Mar;9(3):163-8
references: 23340338
references: Zhongguo Shi Yan Xue Ye Xue Za Zhi. 2006 Jun;14(3):557-60
references: 16800942
references: Circulation. 2012 Nov 27;126(22):2601-11
references: 23114789
references: Cytotherapy. 2014 May;16(5):579-85
references: 24113425
references: Cancer Lett. 2012 Feb 1;315(1):28-37
references: 22055459
references: Stem Cells. 2011 Jan;29(1):11-9
references: 21280155
references: Zhongguo Shi Yan Xue Ye Xue Za Zhi. 2003 Oct;11(5):538-41
references: 14575555
references: J Cell Sci. 2007 May 15;120(Pt 10):1791-800
references: 17502484
references: Stem Cells. 2008 Nov;26(11):2991-3001
references: 18757297
references: Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 2005 Jul;289(1):F31-42
references: 15713913
references: Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 2001 Jul;25(1):104-10
references: 11472982
references: J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2013 Nov;33(11):1711-5
references: 23963371
references: J Proteomics. 2010 Sep 10;73(10):1907-20
references: 20601276
references: Stem Cells Dev. 2012 Dec 10;21(18):3289-97
references: 22839741
references: J Cell Biol. 2013 Feb 18;200(4):367-71
references: 23420870
references: Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 2012 Jan;44(1):11-5
references: 22024155
references: Cardiology. 1995;86(5):365-73
references: 7585736
references: Cell Immunol. 2013 Sep-Oct;285(1-2):62-8
references: 24095986
references: J Mol Cell Cardiol. 1998 Aug;30(8):1493-503
references: 9737936
references: PLoS One. 2013;8(7):e68451
references: 23861904
references: Stem Cells Dev. 2010 Oct;19(10):1511-22
references: 20170363
references: Nucleic Acids Res. 2010 Jan;38(1):215-24
references: 19850715
references: Cells Tissues Organs. 2010;191(4):269-80
references: 19940434
references: PLoS One. 2014;9(2):e88685
references: 24558412
references: Cardiology. 2013;125(1):18-30
references: 23615185
references: Cell Biol Int. 2008 Sep;32(9):1091-8
references: 18572423
references: Dev Cell. 2010 Dec 14;19(6):903-12
references: 21145505
references: Stem Cells. 2014 Jul;32(7):1843-54
references: 24578274
references: J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol. 1999 Jul;10(7):1016-24
references: 10413382
references: Br J Cancer. 2014 Mar 4;110(5):1199-210
references: 24473397
references: Cell Prolif. 2011 Feb;44(1):19-32
references: 21199007
references: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2009 Aug 18;106(33):14022-7
references: 19666564
references: Blood. 1998 Apr 1;91(7):2573-80
references: 9516159
references: Sci Signal. 2014 Jul 1;7(332):ra63
references: 24985346
references: Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2005 Aug;25(8):1744-9
references: 15920032
references: Bone Marrow Transplant. 2003 Aug;32(3):265-72
references: 12858197
references: PLoS One. 2013;8(8):e73304
references: 24015301
references: Circulation. 2005 Jan 18;111(2):150-6
references: 15642764
references: Cell Commun Signal. 2014;12:26
references: 24725987
references: Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 2002 Nov-Dec;45(3):173-202
references: 12525995
references: Circ Res. 2008 Nov 21;103(11):1300-8
references: 18948617
references: J Immunol. 2007 Aug 15;179(4):2235-41
references: 17675484
references: Curr Opin Cell Biol. 2009 Aug;21(4):575-81
references: 19442504
references: Transl Res. 2014 Apr;163(4):286-95
references: 24231336
references: Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2007 Feb;292(2):H1120-8
references: 16980338
references: J Cancer Res Clin Oncol. 2007 Jun;133(6):389-99
references: 17219198
references: Blood. 2004 Dec 1;104(12):3581-7
references: 15297308
references: Acta Cir Bras. 2010 Feb;25(1):24-7
references: 20126883
references: J Cell Mol Med. 2012 Apr;16(4):657-71
references: 22004043
references: J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 1993;21 Suppl 1:S1-5
references: 7681124
references: Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2006 Aug;30(2):353-61
references: 16829080
references: Nat Med. 2003 Sep;9(9):1195-201
references: 12910262
references: Stem Cells. 2010 Apr;28(4):734-42
references: 20146266
references: Eur J Haematol. 2006 Jun;76(6):488-93
references: 16494621
references: Ann Thorac Surg. 2005 Jul;80(1):229-36; discussion 236-7
references: 15975372
references: PLoS One. 2009;4(3):e4722
references: 19266099
references: Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2007 Apr;457:220-6
references: 17146367
references: J Mol Cell Cardiol. 2011 Sep;51(3):399-408
references: 21712044
references: Immunol Cell Biol. 2010 Nov-Dec;88(8):851-6
references: 20458337
references: Eur Heart J. 2009 Nov;30(22):2722-32
references: 19586959
references: J Immunol. 2005 May 15;174(10):6440-8
references: 15879146
references: Nat Clin Pract Cardiovasc Med. 2006 Mar;3 Suppl 1:S8-13
references: 16501638