title: The chemokine system in innate immunity.
abstract: Chemokines are chemotactic cytokines that control the migration and positioning of immune cells in tissues and are critical for the function of the innate immune system. Chemokines control the release of innate immune cells from the bone marrow during homeostasis as well as in response to infection and inflammation. They also recruit innate immune effectors out of the circulation and into the tissue where, in collaboration with other chemoattractants, they guide these cells to the very sites of tissue injury. Chemokine function is also critical for the positioning of innate immune sentinels in peripheral tissue and then, following innate immune activation, guiding these activated cells to the draining lymph node to initiate and imprint an adaptive immune response. In this review, we will highlight recent advances in understanding how chemokine function regulates the movement and positioning of innate immune cells at homeostasis and in response to acute inflammation, and then we will review how chemokine-mediated innate immune cell trafficking plays an essential role in linking the innate and adaptive immune responses.
authors: Center for Immunology & Inflammatory Diseases, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114.
authors: Caroline L
authors: CL
authors: Sokol
authors: Center for Immunology & Inflammatory Diseases, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114.
authors: Andrew D
authors: AD
authors: Luster
mesh_terms: D018925:Chemokines / Q000502:physiology*; D006706:Homeostasis; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate / Q000502:physiology*; D007249:Inflammation / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D018925:Chemokines
references: J Exp Med. 1999 Jul 19;190(2):267-80
references: 10432289
references: J Clin Invest. 2001 Mar;107(6):R37-45
references: 11254677
references: Front Immunol. 2012 May 25;3:119
references: 22654878
references: Immunity. 2006 Feb;24(2):191-201
references: 16473831
references: Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 2010 Aug;21(4):253-62
references: 20434943
references: Nature. 2014 Apr 17;508(7496):397-401
references: 24509713
references: J Clin Invest. 1997 Sep 1;100(5):1137-43
references: 9276730
references: J Immunol. 2006 Apr 15;176(8):4716-29
references: 16585565
references: J Exp Med. 2006 Apr 17;203(4):829-35
references: 16567386
references: J Exp Med. 2001 Nov 5;194(9):1361-73
references: 11696600
references: J Exp Med. 2006 Mar 20;203(3):519-27
references: 16533884
references: Nat Immunol. 2006 Mar;7(3):311-7
references: 16462739
references: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2002 Feb 5;99(3):1479-84
references: 11830666
references: J Clin Invest. 1997 Jul 1;100(1):6-10
references: 9202050
references: Blood. 2006 Apr 1;107(7):2613-8
references: 16317096
references: J Exp Med. 2006 Nov 27;203(12):2627-38
references: 17116734
references: Science. 2010 Oct 29;330(6004):665-9
references: 20929731
references: PLoS Pathog. 2006 Jun;2(6):e49
references: 16789839
references: Science. 2007 Aug 3;317(5838):666-70
references: 17673663
references: Nat Immunol. 2012 May 27;13(7):681-90
references: 22634865
references: Immunity. 2000 May;12(5):495-503
references: 10843382
references: J Immunol. 2013 Mar 1;190(5):2229-40
references: 23338236
references: Eur J Immunol. 1998 Sep;28(9):2760-9
references: 9754563
references: Genome Biol. 2006;7(12):243
references: 17201934
references: Mol Cell Biol. 2007 Feb;27(3):983-92
references: 17130243
references: Nat Immunol. 2006 Nov;7(11):1209-16
references: 17013391
references: J Exp Med. 2011 Nov 21;208(12):2511-24
references: 22042976
references: J Immunol. 2007 Nov 1;179(9):5855-63
references: 17947659
references: Nat Immunol. 2011 Aug 14;12(9):879-87
references: 21841786
references: J Exp Med. 2011 Jun 6;208(6):1179-88
references: 21624939
references: J Immunol. 1996 Aug 15;157(4):1693-8
references: 8759757
references: Dev Cell. 2012 May 15;22(5):1079-91
references: 22542839
references: Blood. 1998 Apr 1;91(7):2240-8
references: 9516121
references: Science. 2010 Oct 15;330(6002):362-6
references: 20947763
references: Science. 2013 Jan 18;339(6117):328-32
references: 23329049
references: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2012 Nov 13;109(46):E3177-85
references: 23112187
references: Nat Immunol. 2009 Jan;10(1):101-8
references: 19060902
references: Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 2010;341:37-58
references: 20369317
references: Eur J Immunol. 2006 Oct;36(10):2700-14
references: 16983721
references: Immunol Cell Biol. 2011 Feb;89(2):207-15
references: 21221121
references: Nat Immunol. 2013 Jun;14(6):564-73
references: 23603794
references: Immunity. 2004 Aug;21(2):279-88
references: 15308107
references: Nat Rev Immunol. 2011 Dec 23;12(1):49-60
references: 22193770
references: J Asthma. 2001 Dec;38(8):605-13
references: 11758889
references: J Exp Med. 2011 Sep 26;208(10):2141-53
references: 21930767
references: Eur J Immunol. 2012 Feb;42(2):533-40
references: 22101691
references: Blood. 2005 Jun 1;105(11):4308-13
references: 15705791
references: Immunity. 2013 Mar 21;38(3):502-13
references: 23352234
references: Nat Immunol. 2013 Jan;14(1):41-51
references: 23179077
references: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2003 Feb 18;100(4):1885-90
references: 12571364
references: Trends Immunol. 2005 Jan;26(1):25-31
references: 15629406
references: Blood. 2001 Feb 15;97(4):1144-6
references: 11159551
references: Eur J Immunol. 2000 Jan;30(1):87-97
references: 10602030
references: Nat Med. 2007 May;13(5):587-96
references: 17435771
references: Blood. 2009 Jan 22;113(4):963-72
references: 18971423
references: J Immunol. 2005 Oct 15;175(8):5341-50
references: 16210640
references: Nature. 1999 Apr 22;398(6729):718-23
references: 10227295
references: J Clin Invest. 1999 Jun;103(12):1719-27
references: 10377178
references: Nature. 2006 Apr 13;440(7086):890-5
references: 16612374
references: J Exp Med. 2005 Apr 18;201(8):1307-18
references: 15837815
references: Annu Rev Immunol. 2008;26:293-316
references: 18045026
references: Blood. 2001 Apr 1;97(7):1925-8
references: 11264153
references: J Immunol. 2003 Dec 1;171(11):6052-8
references: 14634118
references: Immunity. 2005 Sep;23(3):331-42
references: 16169505
references: Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 2010 Sep;43(3):305-15
references: 19843704
references: Elife. 2014 Jan 01;3:e01659
references: 24714492
references: J Immunol. 2007 Aug 1;179(3):1740-50
references: 17641040
references: Immunity. 2010 Aug 27;33(2):266-78
references: 20727790
references: Immunity. 2003 Aug;19(2):257-67
references: 12932359
references: Cell. 1999 Oct 1;99(1):23-33
references: 10520991
references: Immunity. 2011 Apr 22;34(4):590-601
references: 21458307
references: J Exp Med. 2006 Apr 17;203(4):837-42
references: 16567388
references: J Exp Med. 2012 Jun 4;209(6):1219-34
references: 22615129
references: Blood. 2004 Jul 15;104(2):565-71
references: 15054039
references: Nat Genet. 2003 May;34(1):70-4
references: 12692554
references: Nat Immunol. 2010 Apr;11(4):313-20
references: 20190758
references: J Immunol. 2006 Jan 1;176(1):401-15
references: 16365434
references: Nature. 2013 Jun 20;498(7454):371-5
references: 23708969
references: Immunity. 2014 Mar 20;40(3):425-35
references: 24613091
references: Pharmacol Rev. 2013 Nov 11;66(1):1-79
references: 24218476
references: Nat Rev Immunol. 2004 Oct;4(10):787-99
references: 15459670
references: Nat Immunol. 2011 Sep 11;12(10):949-58
references: 21909092
references: J Inflamm (Lond). 2009 Nov 11;6:32
references: 19906300
references: J Exp Med. 2009 Dec 21;206(13):2925-35
references: 19995949
references: Immunity. 2003 Jul;19(1):71-82
references: 12871640
references: J Exp Med. 2002 Jun 3;195(11):1433-44
references: 12045241
references: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1997 Oct 28;94(22):12053-8
references: 9342361
references: Immunity. 2012 Dec 14;37(6):1091-103
references: 23123063
references: Nat Immunol. 2008 Sep;9(9):970-80
references: 18711434
references: Immunol Cell Biol. 2005 Aug;83(4):375-82
references: 16033532
references: Immunity. 2003 Oct;19(4):583-93
references: 14563322
references: J Exp Med. 2001 Sep 17;194(6):855-61
references: 11561000
references: J Immunol. 2013 May 15;190(10):5226-36
references: 23596313
references: J Immunol. 2005 Feb 1;174(3):1549-56
references: 15661915
references: Nat Rev Immunol. 2013 Feb;13(2):75-87
references: 23292121
references: J Exp Med. 2001 Apr 16;193(8):975-80
references: 11304558
references: J Exp Med. 2010 Aug 30;207(9):1907-21
references: 20696699
references: Cell. 2012 Sep 14;150(6):1235-48
references: 22980983
references: Nat Rev Immunol. 2011 Oct 10;11(11):762-74
references: 21984070
references: Blood. 2004 Jul 15;104(2):444-52
references: 15026312
references: J Exp Med. 2013 Oct 21;210(11):2321-36
references: 24081949
references: J Exp Med. 2006 Mar 20;203(3):619-31
references: 16505138
references: Blood. 2013 Jun 13;121(24):4930-7
references: 23645836
references: Nature. 2010 Mar 4;464(7285):104-7
references: 20203610
references: J Immunol. 1999 Apr 15;162(8):4903-9
references: 10202035
references: J Exp Med. 2001 Dec 17;194(12):1699-709
references: 11748272
references: Nat Immunol. 2004 Dec;5(12):1260-5
references: 15531883
references: J Exp Med. 2011 Feb 14;208(2):327-39
references: 21300915
references: Nat Immunol. 2013 May;14(5):446-53
references: 23502855