title: Infectious causes of encephalitis and meningoencephalitis in Thailand, 2003-2005.
abstract: Acute encephalitis is a severe neurologic syndrome. Determining etiology from among ≈100 possible agents is difficult. To identify infectious etiologies of encephalitis in Thailand, we conducted surveillance in 7 hospitals during July 2003-August 2005 and selected patients with acute onset of brain dysfunction with fever or hypothermia and with abnormalities seen on neuroimages or electroencephalograms or with cerebrospinal fluid pleocytosis. Blood and cerebrospinal fluid were tested for >30 pathogens. Among 149 case-patients, median age was 12 (range 0-83) years, 84 (56%) were male, and 15 (10%) died. Etiology was confirmed or probable for 54 (36%) and possible or unknown for 95 (64%). Among confirmed or probable etiologies, the leading pathogens were Japanese encephalitis virus, enteroviruses, and Orientia tsutsugamushi. No samples were positive for chikungunya, Nipah, or West Nile viruses; Bartonella henselae; or malaria parasites. Although a broad range of infectious agents was identified, the etiology of most cases remains unknown.
authors: Sonja J
authors: SJ
authors: Olsen
authors: Angela P
authors: AP
authors: Campbell
authors: Krongkaew
authors: K
authors: Supawat
authors: Sahas
authors: S
authors: Liamsuwan
authors: Tawee
authors: T
authors: Chotpitayasunondh
authors: Somsak
authors: S
authors: Laptikulthum
authors: Akravudh
authors: A
authors: Viriyavejakul
authors: Tasanee
authors: T
authors: Tantirittisak
authors: Supoch
authors: S
authors: Tunlayadechanont
authors: Anannit
authors: A
authors: Visudtibhan
authors: Punnee
authors: P
authors: Vasiknanonte
authors: Supachai
authors: S
authors: Janjindamai
authors: Pairoj
authors: P
authors: Boonluksiri
authors: Kiatsak
authors: K
authors: Rajborirug
authors: Veerachai
authors: V
authors: Watanaveeradej
authors: Nino
authors: N
authors: Khetsuriani
authors: Scott F
authors: SF
authors: Dowell
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004660:Encephalitis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology* / Q000266:history; D005260:Female; D015600:Glasgow Coma Scale; D049674:History, 21st Century; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D008590:Meningoencephalitis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000266:history; D008875:Middle Aged; D009026:Mortality; D012621:Seasons; D013785:Thailand / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult
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