title: Prognostic implications of estrogen receptor 1 and vascular endothelial growth factor A expression in primary gallbladder carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the prognostic significance of estrogen receptor 1 (ER1) and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) expression in primary gallbladder carcinoma (GBC) to identify new prognostic markers for this malignancy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using immunohistochemistry, we investigated ER1 and VEGF-A expression in 78 GBC and 78 cholelithiasis (CS) tissues. The results were correlated with clinicopathological features. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to evaluate the relationship between ER1 and VEGF-A expression and patients' prognosis. Further Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was also performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  ER1 and VEGF-A expression was significantly higher in GBC compared with CS (47/78 vs 28/78, P<0.05; 51/78 vs 33/78, P<0.05). ER1 expression was correlated with gender (P<0.05) and VEGF-A expression was correlated with tumor differentiation in GBC patients (P<0.05). In univariate analysis, age and tumor node metastasis (TNM) stage were factors associated with GBC prognosis (P<0.05). Although there was no statistical difference between the expression of ER1 or VEGF-A and overall survival, the high expression of ER1 combined with VEGF-A predicted a poor prognosis for GBC patients (16.30±1.87 vs 24.97±2.09, log-rank P<0.05). In multivariate analysis, combined expression of ER1 and VEGF-A and TNM stage were independent prognostic factors for GBC patients (P<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Combined expression of ER1 and VEGF-A is a potential prognostic marker for GBC patients. Clinical detection of ER1 and VEGF-A in surgically resected GBC tissues would provide an important reference for decision-making of postoperative treatment programs.
authors: Ling-Qiang Zhang, Xin-Sen Xu, Yong Wan, Si-Dong Song, Rui-Tao Wang, Wei Chen, Zhi-Xin Wang, Hu-Lin Chang, Ji-Chao Wei, Chang Liu, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China.
authors: Ling-Qiang
authors: LQ
authors: Zhang
authors: Ling-Qiang Zhang, Xin-Sen Xu, Yong Wan, Si-Dong Song, Rui-Tao Wang, Wei Chen, Zhi-Xin Wang, Hu-Lin Chang, Ji-Chao Wei, Chang Liu, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China.
authors: Xin-Sen
authors: XS
authors: Xu
authors: Ling-Qiang Zhang, Xin-Sen Xu, Yong Wan, Si-Dong Song, Rui-Tao Wang, Wei Chen, Zhi-Xin Wang, Hu-Lin Chang, Ji-Chao Wei, Chang Liu, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China.
authors: Yong
authors: Y
authors: Wan
authors: Ling-Qiang Zhang, Xin-Sen Xu, Yong Wan, Si-Dong Song, Rui-Tao Wang, Wei Chen, Zhi-Xin Wang, Hu-Lin Chang, Ji-Chao Wei, Chang Liu, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China.
authors: Si-Dong
authors: SD
authors: Song
authors: Ling-Qiang Zhang, Xin-Sen Xu, Yong Wan, Si-Dong Song, Rui-Tao Wang, Wei Chen, Zhi-Xin Wang, Hu-Lin Chang, Ji-Chao Wei, Chang Liu, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China.
authors: Rui-Tao
authors: RT
authors: Wang
authors: Ling-Qiang Zhang, Xin-Sen Xu, Yong Wan, Si-Dong Song, Rui-Tao Wang, Wei Chen, Zhi-Xin Wang, Hu-Lin Chang, Ji-Chao Wei, Chang Liu, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China.
authors: Wei
authors: W
authors: Chen
authors: Ling-Qiang Zhang, Xin-Sen Xu, Yong Wan, Si-Dong Song, Rui-Tao Wang, Wei Chen, Zhi-Xin Wang, Hu-Lin Chang, Ji-Chao Wei, Chang Liu, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China.
authors: Zhi-Xin
authors: ZX
authors: Wang
authors: Ling-Qiang Zhang, Xin-Sen Xu, Yong Wan, Si-Dong Song, Rui-Tao Wang, Wei Chen, Zhi-Xin Wang, Hu-Lin Chang, Ji-Chao Wei, Chang Liu, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China.
authors: Hu-Lin
authors: HL
authors: Chang
authors: Ling-Qiang Zhang, Xin-Sen Xu, Yong Wan, Si-Dong Song, Rui-Tao Wang, Wei Chen, Zhi-Xin Wang, Hu-Lin Chang, Ji-Chao Wei, Chang Liu, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China.
authors: Ji-Chao
authors: JC
authors: Wei
authors: Ling-Qiang Zhang, Xin-Sen Xu, Yong Wan, Si-Dong Song, Rui-Tao Wang, Wei Chen, Zhi-Xin Wang, Hu-Lin Chang, Ji-Chao Wei, Chang Liu, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China.
authors: Ya-Feng
authors: YF
authors: Dong
authors: Ling-Qiang Zhang, Xin-Sen Xu, Yong Wan, Si-Dong Song, Rui-Tao Wang, Wei Chen, Zhi-Xin Wang, Hu-Lin Chang, Ji-Chao Wei, Chang Liu, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China.
authors: Chang
authors: C
authors: Liu
mesh_terms: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis*; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000401:mortality / Q000556:secondary / Q000601:surgery; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha / Q000032:analysis*; D005260:Female; D005706:Gallbladder Neoplasms / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D015854:Up-Regulation; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; C506487:ESR1 protein, human; D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha; C467484:VEGFA protein, human; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A
keywords: Estrogen receptor 1; Gallbladder carcinoma; Vascular endothelial growth factor A
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