title: Elucidation of in-vitro anti-inflammatory bioactive compounds isolated from Jatropha curcas L. plant root.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The Jatropha curcas plant or locally known as "Pokok Jarak" has been widely used in traditional medical applications. This plant is used to treat various conditions such as arthritis, gout, jaundice, wound and inflammation. However, the nature of compounds involved has not been well documented. Hence, this study was conducted to investigate the anti-inflammatory activity of different parts of J. curcas plant and to identify the active compounds involved.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this study, methanol (80%) extraction of four different parts (leaves, fruits, stem and root) of J. curcas plant was carried out. Phenolic content of each part was determined by using Folin-Ciocalteau reagent. Gallic acid was used as the phenol standard. Each plant part was screened for anti-inflammatory activity using cultured macrophage RAW 264.7 cells. The active plant part was then partitioned with hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and water. Each partition was again screened for anti-inflammatory activity. The active partition was then fractionated using an open column chromatography system. Single spots isolated from column chromatography were assayed for anti-inflammatory and cytotoxicity activities. Spots that showed activity were subjected to gas chromatography mass spectrophotometry (GC-MS) analysis for identification of active metabolites.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The hexane partition from root extract showed the highest anti-inflammatory activity. However, it also showed high cytotoxicity towards RAW 264.7 cells at 1 mg/mL. Fractionation process using column chromatography showed five spots. Two spots labeled as H-4 and H-5 possessed anti-inflammatory activity, without cytotoxicity activity. Analysis of both spots by GC-MS showed the presence of hexadecanoic acid methyl ester, octadecanoic acid methyl ester and octadecanoic acid.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This finding suggests that hexadecanoic acid methyl ester, octadecanoic acid methyl ester and octadecanoic acid could be responsible for the anti-inflammatory activity of the J. curcas root extract.
authors: Laboratory of Natural Product, Institute Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Darul Ehsan, Malaysia. ahmadrazi85@gmail.com.
authors: Ahmad Razi
authors: AR
authors: Othman
authors: Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Darul Ehsan, Malaysia. norhani@upm.edu.my.|Institute Of Tropical Agriculture Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Darul Ehsan, Malaysia. norhani@upm.edu.my.
authors: Norhani
authors: N
authors: Abdullah
authors: Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Darul Ehsan, Malaysia. syahida@upm.edu.my.
authors: Syahida
authors: S
authors: Ahmad
authors: Laboratory of Natural Product, Institute Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Darul Ehsan, Malaysia. safinar@upm.edu.my.|Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Darul Ehsan, Malaysia. safinar@upm.edu.my.
authors: Intan Safinar
authors: IS
authors: Ismail
authors: Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Environmental Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Darul Ehsan, Malaysia. mpauzi@upm.edu.my.
authors: Mohamad Pauzi
authors: MP
authors: Zakaria
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007249:Inflammation / Q000188:drug therapy*; D031286:Jatropha / Q000737:chemistry*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects*; D051379:Mice; D008982:Molybdenum; D019308:Palmitic Acid / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010636:Phenols / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000737:chemistry; D013229:Stearic Acids / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017973:Tungsten Compounds
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; C029556:Folin's phenol reagent; D010636:Phenols; D010936:Plant Extracts; D013229:Stearic Acids; D017973:Tungsten Compounds; D019308:Palmitic Acid; C031183:stearic acid; D008982:Molybdenum
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