title: Undulatory physical resistance training program increases maximal strength in elderly type 2 diabetics.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effects of a specific protocol of undulatory physical resistance training on maximal strength gains in elderly type 2 diabetics.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study included 48 subjects, aged between 60 and 85 years, of both genders. They were divided into two groups: Untrained Diabetic Elderly (n=19) with those who were not subjected to physical training and Trained Diabetic Elderly (n=29), with those who were subjected to undulatory physical resistance training. The participants were evaluated with several types of resistance training's equipment before and after training protocol, by test of one maximal repetition. The subjects were trained on undulatory resistance three times per week for a period of 16 weeks. The overload used in undulatory resistance training was equivalent to 50% of one maximal repetition and 70% of one maximal repetition, alternating weekly. Statistical analysis revealed significant differences (p<0.05) between pre-test and post-test over a period of 16 weeks.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The average gains in strength were 43.20% (knee extension), 65.00% (knee flexion), 27.80% (supine sitting machine), 31.00% (rowing sitting), 43.90% (biceps pulley), and 21.10% (triceps pulley).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Undulatory resistance training used with weekly different overloads was effective to provide significant gains in maximum strength in elderly type 2 diabetic individuals.
authors: Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Santos, SP, Brazil.
authors: Gilberto Monteiro dos
authors: GM
authors: Santos
authors: Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Santos, SP, Brazil.
authors: Fábio Tanil
authors: FT
authors: Montrezol
authors: Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Limeira, SP, Brazil.
authors: Luciana Santos Souza
authors: LS
authors: Pauli
authors: Faculdade Anhanguera de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
authors: Angélica Rossi
authors: AR
authors: Sartori-Cintra
authors: Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Santos, SP, Brazil.
authors: Emilson
authors: E
authors: Colantonio
authors: Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Santos, SP, Brazil.
authors: Ricardo José
authors: RJ
authors: Gomes
authors: Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Rio Claro, SP, Brazil.
authors: Rodolfo
authors: R
authors: Marinho
authors: Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Rio Claro, SP, Brazil.
authors: Leandro Pereira de
authors: LP
authors: Moura
authors: Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Limeira, SP, Brazil.
authors: José Rodrigo
authors: JR
authors: Pauli
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000886:Anthropometry; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D053580:Muscle Strength / Q000502:physiology*; D012016:Reference Values; D055070:Resistance Training / Q000379:methods*; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
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