title: Comprehensive geriatric assessment in the older cancer patient: coming of age in clinical cancer care.
abstract: Cancer care at the extremes of life, in the young and the old, is characterized by unique issues associated with pediatrics and geriatric medicine, accentuated by the special vulnerabilities of these groups. In response to these needs, the field of pediatric oncology has been well honed to deal with the special problems associated with juvenile cancer patients. While most adult oncologists consider themselves well prepared to deal with older cancer patients, the current expansion of the geriatric population - their variable levels of fitness, frailty and vulnerability, the fact that cancer is primarily a disease of older adults, the significant expansion of agents and approaches to treat cancer, as well as their resultant toxicities and complications - has led to the development of specialized geriatric oncologists. Moreover, the special characteristics and needs of these patients have led to the evolution of new guidelines for evaluation, management and the conduct of research in older patients with cancer.
authors: Hematology-Oncolog Division, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA ; Department of Genetics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA ; Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA ; University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
authors: Cynthia
authors: C
authors: Owusu
authors: Hematology-Oncolog Division, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA ; Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA ; Department of Genetics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA ; Center for Science, Health and Society, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA ; Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA ; University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
authors: Nathan A
authors: NA
authors: Berger
keywords: CGA screening tests (VES-13, G8); comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA); frailty; functional age; geriatric oncology; risk factors for early death in geriatric oncology
references: Health Psychol. 2011 Jul;30(4):377-85
references: 21534675
references: Crit Rev Oncol Hematol. 2005 May;54(2):129-36
references: 15843095
references: Cell. 2013 Jan 17;152(1-2):340-51
references: 23332765
references: Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 2013 Aug;92(8):715-27
references: 23756434
references: J Clin Oncol. 2011 Sep 1;29(25):3457-65
references: 21810685
references: Cell. 2005 Feb 25;120(4):497-512
references: 15734682
references: J Am Geriatr Soc. 2009 Nov;57 Suppl 2:S289-92
references: 20122020
references: J Clin Oncol. 2005 Oct 1;23(28):6865-72
references: 16192578
references: Physiology (Bethesda). 2013 Sep;28(5):330-58
references: 23997192
references: J Clin Oncol. 2005 Jun 20;23(18):4117-26
references: 15867204
references: J Natl Cancer Inst. 2014 Apr;106(4):dju057
references: 24681605
references: J Clin Oncol. 2014 Sep 20;32(27):3039-47
references: 25049322
references: Cancer Treat Rev. 2005 Aug;31(5):380-402
references: 15967582
references: J Clin Oncol. 2011 Apr 1;29(10):1290-6
references: 21357782
references: JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2013 Sep;37(5 Suppl):5S-20S
references: 24009250
references: Eur J Cancer Care (Engl). 2014 May;23(3):401-12
references: 24467393
references: Lancet. 2003 Feb 1;361(9355):393-5
references: 12573379
references: Trans Am Clin Climatol Assoc. 2006;117:147-55; discussion 155-6
references: 18528470
references: Nucleic Acids Res. 2007;35(22):7466-74
references: 17913742
references: J Am Geriatr Soc. 2006 Mar;54(3):507-11
references: 16551321
references: J Natl Compr Canc Netw. 2013 Dec 1;11(12):1494-502
references: 24335684
references: Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1995 Dec;40(6):523-30
references: 8703657
references: Physiotherapy. 2014 Sep;100(3):196-207
references: 24439570
references: Health Serv Res. 2001 Dec;36(6 Pt 1):1085-107
references: 11775669
references: J Am Geriatr Soc. 2009 Nov;57 Suppl 2:S239-42
references: 20122018
references: Am Soc Clin Oncol Educ Book. 2014;:133-7
references: 24857069
references: J Am Geriatr Soc. 2009 Nov;57(11):2070-6
references: 19793154
references: J Clin Oncol. 2012 May 20;30(15):1829-34
references: 22508806
references: Arch Intern Med. 1991 Sep;151(9):1825-32
references: 1888249
references: Cancer. 2007 Aug 1;110(3):590-8
references: 17582629
references: Ann Oncol. 2005 Nov;16(11):1795-800
references: 16093275
references: Lancet Oncol. 2013 Oct;14(11):1112-20
references: 24051140
references: J Clin Oncol. 1986 Oct;4(10):1489-92
references: 3531423
references: Am J Med. 2006 Jun;119(6):526.e9-17
references: 16750969
references: Anaesthesia. 2014 Jan;69 Suppl 1:26-34
references: 24303858
references: Health Psychol. 2010 Jan;29(1):50-5
references: 20063935
references: Soc Sci Med. 1991;32(6):705-14
references: 2035047
references: Cancer. 2014 Jul 15;120(14):2072-6
references: 24752917
references: Bone Marrow Transplant. 2002 Feb;29(4):277-84
references: 11896423
references: JAMA. 1963 Sep 21;185:914-9
references: 14044222
references: J Clin Oncol. 2014 Aug 20;32(24):2611-6
references: 25071114
references: Crit Rev Oncol Hematol. 2000 Jan;33(1):45-56
references: 10714961
references: Drugs Aging. 2009;26(6):493-503
references: 19591524
references: J Chronic Dis. 1987;40(5):373-83
references: 3558716
references: J Am Geriatr Soc. 2010 Jan;58(1):76-82
references: 20122042
references: Minerva Chir. 2010 Oct;65(5):555-68
references: 21081867
references: Nat Med. 2009 Oct;15(10):1149-52
references: 19812576
references: J Am Geriatr Soc. 2014 Aug;62(8):1505-12
references: 25041361
references: Medicine (Baltimore). 2010 Sep;89(5):295-9
references: 20827106
references: Eur J Cancer. 2007 May;43(8):1230-1
references: 17434302
references: Curr Aging Sci. 2011 Jul;4(2):101-9
references: 21235498
references: Acta Oncol. 2013 Feb;52(2):233-8
references: 23320771
references: Ann Oncol. 2011 Jul;22(7):1520-7
references: 21252061
references: J Clin Oncol. 2014 Jun 20;32(18):1909-18
references: 24841981
references: J Geriatr Oncol. 2012 Jul 1;3(3):228-237
references: 22712030
references: Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2004 Jul;85(7):1043-9
references: 15241748
references: Lancet. 1993 Oct 23;342(8878):1032-6
references: 8105269
references: J Am Geriatr Soc. 2009 Nov;57 Suppl 2:S265-8
references: 20122026
references: Breast. 2014 Feb;23(1):81-7
references: 24314824
references: Exp Gerontol. 2013 Jan;48(1):76-80
references: 22683512
references: J Clin Invest. 2004 Nov;114(9):1299-307
references: 15520862
references: Exp Mol Pathol. 2006 Jun;80(3):219-27
references: 16460728
references: Cancer. 2009 Oct 1;115(19):4547-53
references: 19562776
references: JAMA. 2001 Jun 20;285(23):2987-94
references: 11410097
references: J Geriatr Oncol. 2011 Apr;2(2):121-129
references: 21927633
references: Arch Intern Med. 1997 Jul 28;157(14):1531-6
references: 9236554
references: J Psychiatr Res. 1975 Nov;12(3):189-98
references: 1202204
references: Ann Intern Med. 2002 Jan 15;136(2):144-52
references: 11790067
references: Oncologist. 2000;5(3):224-37
references: 10884501
references: J Strength Cond Res. 2007 May;21(2):635-7
references: 17530964
references: Psychopharmacol Bull. 1988;24(4):609-14
references: 3074322
references: JAMA. 2011 Jan 5;305(1):50-8
references: 21205966
references: N Engl J Med. 2001 Apr 12;344(15):1111-6
references: 11297701
references: Ann Surg. 2011 May;253(5):867-74
references: 21183846
references: J Nutr Health Aging. 2009 Oct;13(8):724-8
references: 19657557
references: J Surg Oncol. 2013 Sep;108(3):182-6
references: 23804149
references: Ann Oncol. 2012 Aug;23(8):2166-72
references: 22250183
references: Science. 2002 May 17;296(5571):1276-9
references: 11950998
references: J Am Geriatr Soc. 1991 Feb;39(2):142-8
references: 1991946
references: Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesiol. 2011 Sep;25(3):461-72
references: 21925410
references: J Natl Compr Canc Netw. 2014 Jan;12(1):82-126
references: 24453295
references: Blood. 1983 Aug;62(2):381-8
references: 6347274
references: J Am Geriatr Soc. 2009 Nov;57 Suppl 2:S235-8
references: 20122017
references: J Clin Oncol. 2011 Sep 20;29(27):3620-7
references: 21859998
references: Surg Oncol. 2006 Dec;15(4):189-97
references: 17531743
references: J Am Geriatr Soc. 2012 Apr;60(4):616-31
references: 22376048
references: J Am Geriatr Soc. 2008 Jan;56(1):68-75
references: 18031487
references: Eur J Cancer. 2001 Oct;37 Suppl 7:S229-33
references: 11887994
references: J Am Geriatr Soc. 2011 Oct;59(10):1837-46
references: 22091497
references: Cancer. 2005 Nov 1;104(9):1998-2005
references: 16206252
references: J Clin Oncol. 1997 Jan;15(1):18-25
references: 8996120
references: J Am Geriatr Soc. 1990 Dec;38(12):1321-5
references: 2254571
references: Gerontologist. 1969 Autumn;9(3):179-86
references: 5349366
references: Blood. 2013 May 23;121(21):4287-94
references: 23550038
references: Surg Endosc. 2013 Apr;27(4):1072-82
references: 23052535
references: J Natl Compr Canc Netw. 2005 Jul;3(4):593-6
references: 16038648
references: Arch Intern Med. 2012 Jul 23;172(14):1078-83
references: 22710744
references: Breast Cancer. 2010 Jul;17(3):183-9
references: 19756923
references: Drugs Aging. 2009;26(12):1039-48
references: 19929031
references: Aging Cell. 2009 Aug;8(4):439-48
references: 19485966
references: J Geriatr Oncol. 2014 Apr;5(2):171-8
references: 24486112
references: Ann Oncol. 2015 Feb;26(2):288-300
references: 24936581
references: Crit Rev Oncol Hematol. 2010 Dec;76(3):208-17
references: 20005123
references: J Am Geriatr Soc. 2009 Nov;57 Suppl 2:S300-2
references: 20122034
references: J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2000 Dec;55(12):M750-6
references: 11129398
references: Crit Rev Oncol Hematol. 2004 Jan;49(1):69-75
references: 14734156
references: Biol Blood Marrow Transplant. 2013 Mar;19(3):429-34
references: 23160006
references: Crit Rev Oncol Hematol. 2007 Mar;61(3):255-60
references: 17098441
references: N Engl J Med. 2006 Dec 7;355(23):2408-17
references: 17151364
references: JAMA. 1993 Jul 7;270(1):57-60
references: 8510297
references: J Clin Oncol. 2003 Feb 1;21(3):433-40
references: 12560431
references: Crit Rev Oncol Hematol. 2000 Sep;35(3):147-54
references: 10960797
references: Cancer. 1997 Oct 1;80(7):1311-6
references: 9317184
references: Nutrition. 1999 Feb;15(2):116-22
references: 9990575
references: Crit Rev Oncol Hematol. 2007 Oct;64(1):1-9
references: 17613243
references: Cancer. 2012 Jul 1;118(13):3377-86
references: 22072065
references: J Psychiatr Res. 1982-1983;17(1):37-49
references: 7183759
references: Cancer. 1997 Oct 1;80(7):1273-83
references: 9317180
references: Am J Med. 2003 Feb 15;114(3):180-7
references: 12637131
references: Lancet Oncol. 2005 Oct;6(10):780-9
references: 16198984