title: Divergent roles of matrix metalloproteinase 2 in pathogenesis of thoracic aortic aneurysm.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Aortic aneurysm, focal dilation of the aorta, results from impaired integrity of aortic extracellular matrix (ECM). Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are traditionally known as ECM-degrading enzymes. MMP2 has been associated with aneurysm in patients and in animal models. We investigated the role of MMP2 in thoracic aortic aneurysm using 2 models of aortic remodeling and aneurysm.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Male 10-week-old MMP2-deficient (MMP2(-/-)) and wild-type mice received angiotensin II (Ang II, 1.5 mg/kg/day) or saline (Alzet pump) for 4 weeks. Although both genotypes exhibited dilation of the ascending aorta after Ang II infusion, MMP2(-/-) mice showed more severe dilation of the thoracic aorta and thoracic aortic aneurysm. The Ang II-induced increase in elastin and collagen (mRNA and protein) was markedly suppressed in MMP2(-/-) thoracic aorta and smooth muscle cells, whereas only mRNA levels were reduced in MMP2(-/-)-Ang II abdominal aorta. Consistent with the absence of MMP2, proteolytic activities were lower in MMP2(-/-)-Ang II compared with wild-type-Ang II thoracic and abdominal aorta. MMP2-deficiency suppressed the activation of latent transforming growth factor-β and the Smad2/3 pathway in vivo and in vitro. Intriguingly, MMP2(-/-) mice were protected against CaCl2-induced thoracic aortic aneurysm, which triggered ECM degradation but not synthesis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study reveals the dual role of MMP2 in ECM degradation, as well as ECM synthesis. Moreover, the greater susceptibility of the thoracic aorta to impaired ECM synthesis, compared with vulnerability of the abdominal aorta to aberrant ECM degradation, provides an insight into the regional susceptibility of the aorta to aneurysm development.
authors: From the Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; and Cardiovascular Research Center, Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
authors: Mengcheng
authors: M
authors: Shen
authors: From the Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; and Cardiovascular Research Center, Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
authors: Jiwon
authors: J
authors: Lee
authors: From the Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; and Cardiovascular Research Center, Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
authors: Ratnadeep
authors: R
authors: Basu
authors: From the Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; and Cardiovascular Research Center, Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
authors: Siva S V P
authors: SS
authors: Sakamuri
authors: From the Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; and Cardiovascular Research Center, Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
authors: Xiuhua
authors: X
authors: Wang
authors: From the Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; and Cardiovascular Research Center, Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
authors: Dong
authors: D
authors: Fan
authors: From the Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; and Cardiovascular Research Center, Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. z.kassiri@ualberta.ca.
authors: Zamaneh
authors: Z
authors: Kassiri
mesh_terms: D000804:Angiotensin II; D000818:Animals; D001013:Aorta, Thoracic / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology; D017545:Aortic Aneurysm, Thoracic / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000517:prevention & control; D002122:Calcium Chloride; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003094:Collagen / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004108:Dilatation, Pathologic; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004549:Elastin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005838:Genotype; D008297:Male; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology; D032389:Myocytes, Smooth Muscle / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology; D010641:Phenotype; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction; D051899:Smad2 Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D051900:Smad3 Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000378:metabolism; D014463:Ultrasonography; D066253:Vascular Remodeling
chemical_list: D012333:RNA, Messenger; D051899:Smad2 Protein; C497783:Smad2 protein, mouse; D051900:Smad3 Protein; C497791:Smad3 protein, mouse; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D000804:Angiotensin II; D003094:Collagen; D004549:Elastin; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2; C522362:Mmp2 protein, mouse; D002122:Calcium Chloride
keywords: aortic aneurysm, thoracic; matrix metalloproteinase 2