title: Joint scientific statement of the European Association for the Study of Obesity and the European Society of Hypertension: Obesity and early vascular ageing.
abstract: Current cardiovascular risk scores do not include obesity or fat distribution as independent factors, and may underestimate risk in obese individuals. Assessment of early vascular ageing (EVA) biomarkers including arterial stiffness, central blood pressure, carotid intima-media thickness and flow-mediated vasodilation may help to refine risk assessment in obese individuals in whom traditional cardiovascular risk scores and factors suggest no need for specific medical attention. A number of issues need to be addressed before this approach is ready for translation into routine clinical practice. Methodologies for measurements of vascular markers need to be further standardized and less operator-dependent. The utility of these nontraditional risk factors will also need to be proven in sufficiently large and properly designed interventional studies. Indeed, published studies on vascular markers in obesity and weight loss vary in quality and study design, are sometimes conducted in small populations, use a variety of differing methodologies and study differing vascular beds. Finally, current vascular measurements are still crude and may not be sufficient to cover the different aspects of EVA in obesity.
authors: aInstitute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany bDepartment of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden cHypertension-24 h ABPM ESH Center of Excellence, Papageorgiou Hospital, Aristotle University Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece dThe Cardiovascular and Metabolic Preventive Clinic, Department of Endocrinology, Center for Individualized Medicine in Arterial Diseases (CIMA), Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark eHypertension in Africa Research Team (HART), School for Physiology, Nutrition and Consumer Sciences, North-West University, Mahikeng, South Africa fClinica Medica, Università Milano-Bicocca, and Istituto di Ricerche a Carattere Scientifico IRCCS Multimedica, Sesto san Giovanni, Milan, Italy gDivision of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey hElse Kröner-Fresenius Center for Nutritional Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany iObesity Management Clinic 'WAGA', Katowice, Poland jUniversity Clinic of Internal Medicine, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria kNational Centre for Cardiovascular Prevention and Outcomes, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK.
authors: Jens
authors: J
authors: Jordan
authors: Peter M
authors: PM
authors: Nilsson
authors: Vasilios
authors: V
authors: Kotsis
authors: Michael H
authors: MH
authors: Olsen
authors: Guido
authors: G
authors: Grassi
authors: Volkan
authors: V
authors: Yumuk
authors: Hans
authors: H
authors: Hauner
authors: Barbara
authors: B
authors: Zahorska-Markiewicz
authors: Hermann
authors: H
authors: Toplak
authors: Stefan
authors: S
authors: Engeli
authors: Nick
authors: N
authors: Finer
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology*; D001794:Blood Pressure; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology; D059168:Carotid Intima-Media Thickness; D006801:Humans; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications* / Q000628:therapy; D012307:Risk Factors; D014652:Vascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D059289:Vascular Stiffness; D014664:Vasodilation