title: Olfactory marker protein expression is an indicator of olfactory receptor-associated events in non-olfactory tissues.
abstract: Olfactory receptor (OR)-associated events are mediated by well-conserved components in the olfactory epithelium, including olfactory G-protein (Golf), adenylate cyclase III (ACIII), and olfactory marker protein (OMP). The expression of ORs has recently been observed in non-olfactory tissues where they are involved in monitoring extracellular chemical cues. The large number of OR genes and their sequence similarities illustrate the need to find an effective and simple way to detect non-olfactory OR-associated events. In addition, expression profiles and physiological functions of ORs in non-olfactory tissues are largely unknown. To overcome limitations associated with using OR as a target protein, this study used OMP with Golf and ACIII as targets to screen for potential OR-mediated sensing systems in non-olfactory tissues. Here, we show using western blotting, real-time PCR, and single as well as double immunoassays that ORs and OR-associated proteins are co-expressed in diverse tissues. The results of immunohistochemical analyses showed OMP (+) cells in mouse heart and in the following cells using the corresponding marker proteins c-kit, keratin 14, calcitonin, and GFAP in mouse tissues: interstitial cells of Cajal of the bladder, medullary thymic epithelial cells of the thymus, parafollicular cells of the thyroid, and Leydig cells of the testis. The expression of ORs in OMP (+) tissues was analyzed using a refined microarray analysis and validated with RT-PCR and real-time PCR. Three ORs (olfr544, olfr558, and olfr1386) were expressed in the OMP (+) cells of the bladder and thyroid as shown using a co-immunostaining method. Together, these results suggest that OMP is involved in the OR-mediated signal transduction cascade with olfactory canonical signaling components between the nervous and endocrine systems. The results further demonstrate that OMP immunohistochemical analysis is a useful tool for identifying expression of ORs, suggesting OMP expression is an indicator of potential OR-mediated chemoreception in non-olfactory systems.
authors: Department of Brain Science, DGIST, Daegu, Korea.
authors: NaNa
authors: N
authors: Kang
authors: Department of Information and Communication Engineering, DGIST, Daegu, Korea.
authors: Hyerin
authors: H
authors: Kim
authors: Department of Brain Science, DGIST, Daegu, Korea.
authors: YoonGyu
authors: Y
authors: Jae
authors: Department of Brain Science, DGIST, Daegu, Korea.
authors: NaHye
authors: N
authors: Lee
authors: College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.
authors: Cheol Ryong
authors: CR
authors: Ku
authors: Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States of America.
authors: Frank
authors: F
authors: Margolis
authors: College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.
authors: Eun Jig
authors: EJ
authors: Lee
authors: Department of Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Chungju, Korea.
authors: Young Yil
authors: YY
authors: Bahk
authors: Department of Information and Communication Engineering, DGIST, Daegu, Korea.
authors: Min-Soo
authors: MS
authors: Kim
authors: Department of Brain Science, DGIST, Daegu, Korea.
authors: JaeHyung
authors: J
authors: Koo
mesh_terms: D000262:Adenylyl Cyclases / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D056726:Genetic Association Studies; D057809:HEK293 Cells; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D051842:Olfactory Marker Protein / Q000378:metabolism*; D009831:Olfactory Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism; D009928:Organ Specificity; D018035:Receptors, Odorant / Q000378:metabolism*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013950:Thymus Gland / Q000378:metabolism; D013961:Thyroid Gland / Q000378:metabolism; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D051842:Olfactory Marker Protein; D018035:Receptors, Odorant; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins; D000262:Adenylyl Cyclases; C421784:adenylate cyclase 3
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