title: Neural responses to macronutrients: hedonic and homeostatic mechanisms.
abstract: The brain responds to macronutrients via intricate mechanisms. We review how the brain's neural systems implicated in homeostatic control of feeding and hedonic responses are influenced by the ingestion of specific types of food. We discuss how these neural systems are dysregulated in preclinical models of obesity. Findings from these studies can increase our understanding of overeating and, perhaps in some cases, the development of obesity. In addition, a greater understanding of the neural circuits affected by the consumption of specific macronutrients, and by obesity, might lead to new treatments and strategies for preventing unhealthy weight gain.
authors: Department of Pharmacology and Systems Therapeutics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York.
authors: Alastair J
authors: AJ
authors: Tulloch
authors: Department of Pharmacology and Systems Therapeutics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York.
authors: Susan
authors: S
authors: Murray
authors: Department of Pharmacology and Systems Therapeutics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York.
authors: Regina
authors: R
authors: Vaicekonyte
authors: Department of Pharmacology and Systems Therapeutics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York. Electronic address: nicole.avena@mssm.edu.
authors: Nicole M
authors: NM
authors: Avena
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001069:Appetite Regulation; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004032:Diet / Q000009:adverse effects; D059305:Diet, High-Fat / Q000009:adverse effects; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000378:metabolism; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000378:metabolism; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000378:metabolism; D004435:Eating; D017615:Enteric Nervous System / Q000503:physiopathology; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D041981:Gastrointestinal Tract / Q000294:innervation* / Q000378:metabolism; D006706:Homeostasis; D006801:Humans; D009434:Neural Pathways / Q000503:physiopathology; D009765:Obesity / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology; D010684:Philosophy
chemical_list: D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D004041:Dietary Fats; D004044:Dietary Proteins
keywords: Dysregulation; Hedonic Mechanisms; Homeostatic Mechanisms; Macronutrients