title: Susceptibility to Coffee Staining during Enamel Remineralization Following the In-Office Bleaching Technique: An In Situ Assessment.
abstract: To assess in situ the enamel mineralization level and susceptibility to coffee staining after in-office bleaching.
  
  
  
  Thirty-six human dental fragments assembled into intraoral devices were bleached with 35% hydrogen peroxide and treated as follows: (group 1) no contact with coffee; (group 2) immersion in a coffee solution for 30 minutes daily for 7 days, starting 1 week after bleaching; and (group 3) immersion in a coffee solution for 30 minutes daily for 14 days, starting immediately after bleaching. Enamel mineralization and color were assessed before bleaching (T1), immediately after bleaching (T2), and after 7 (T3) and 14 days (T4). The CIE whiteness index (W*) and closeness to white (ΔW*) following bleaching and/or immersion in coffee were calculated. Data were analyzed with Friedman and Wilcoxon tests or Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U-tests (α = 0.05).
  
  
  
  Significant differences in the mineralization levels were observed as a function of time. No significant differences in W* were observed between groups, nor was W* significantly different at T3 and T4. Similar ΔW* was observed between groups after 7 or 14 days.
  
  
  
  The mineral loss after in-office bleaching was progressively reversed by contact with saliva for 14 days. The whiteness index was not affected by contact with coffee during the remineralization period.
  
  
  
  The results of this in situ study suggest that the mineral loss caused by in-office dental bleaching is minimal and is partly compensated by remineralization due to contact with saliva. Additionally, whiteness was not affected by daily exposition to coffee during the enamel remineralization, which indicates that avoiding the consumption of coffee immediately following in-office bleaching is unnecessary. (J Esthet Restor Dent 28:S23-S31, 2016).
authors: Department of Restorative Dentistry, Ribeirão Preto Dental School, State University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
authors: Aline Akemi
authors: AA
authors: Mori
authors: Department of Prosthodontics, Bauru Dental School, State University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil.
authors: Fernanda Ferruzzi
authors: FF
authors: Lima
authors: Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors: Ana Raquel
authors: AR
authors: Benetti
authors: Department of Dentistry, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil.
authors: Raquel Sano Suga
authors: RS
authors: Terada
authors: Department of Dentistry, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil.
authors: Mitsue
authors: M
authors: Fujimaki
authors: Department of Dentistry, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil.
authors: Renata Correa
authors: RC
authors: Pascotto
mesh_terms: D003069:Coffee; D003743:Dental Enamel; D006801:Humans; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D010545:Peroxides; D013194:Staining and Labeling; D014073:Tooth Bleaching; D058205:Tooth Bleaching Agents; D014089:Tooth Remineralization; D014508:Urea
chemical_list: D003069:Coffee; D010545:Peroxides; D058205:Tooth Bleaching Agents; D014508:Urea; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide