title: Genotyping of Echinococcus granulosus Isolates from Human Clinical Samples Based on Sequencing of Mitochondrial Genes in Iran, Tehran.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The present study was aimed to investigate molecular diversity of Echinococcus granulosus isolates collected from human clinical samples using two mitochondrial genes cox1 and nad1 in Iran.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty seven human hydatid cysts were collected through surgery from two hospitals in Tehran during 2010-2012. To determine the fertility of protoscoleces, the cyst fluids were subjected to morphological microscopic examinations. Protoscoleces were removed from each cyst and their total genomic DNAs were extracted. PCR was performed to amplify fragments of 450 and 400 base pair (bp) for cox1 and nad1 genes, respectively. Genotype diversity and sequence variation of the strains were studied by bioinformatics software and in comparison with those mtDNA sequences already deposited in GenBank.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sixteen, (53.3%), 13 (43.3%), and 1 (3.3%) samples were related to lung, liver, and spleen, respectively. The remained 17 unfertile samples were excluded from the study. From the 29 isolates, 86.7% (n=26) and 10% (n=3) were related to G1, and G3 genotypes, respectively. The sole isolate with G6 genotype was obtained from lung sample. Analysis of concatenated sequences of cox1+nad1 indicated the presence of 11 haplotypes among our strains that were related to genotypes G1 (n=9), G3 (n=1) and G6 (n=1).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In consistent to other reports from Iran, genotypes G1, G3, and G6 were observed in our human isolates. The rate of G3 genotype was however higher than other studies implying that human can be considered as a new appropriate host for G3 genotype. Further studies with more sample size from different geographic areas of Iran are needed for E. granulosus mapping.
authors: Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors: Bahram
authors: B
authors: Nikmanesh
authors: Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors: Hossein
authors: H
authors: Mirhendi
authors: Iranian Tissue Bank & Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran.
authors: Zohreh
authors: Z
authors: Ghalavand
authors: Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors: Masoud
authors: M
authors: Alebouyeh
authors: Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Science, Gorgan, Iran.
authors: Mitra
authors: M
authors: Sharbatkhori
authors: Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors: EshratBeigom
authors: E
authors: Kia
authors: Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ; Center for Research of Endemic Parasites of Iran (CREPI), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors: Mehdi
authors: M
authors: Mohebali
authors: Children Medical Center Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran.
authors: Maryam
authors: M
authors: Eghbali
authors: Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ; Center for Research of Endemic Parasites of Iran (CREPI), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors: Mohammad Bagher
authors: MB
authors: Rokni
keywords: Echinococcus granulosus; Genotyping; Iran; cox1; nad1
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