title: Acute hemodynamic effects of single- and dual-site left ventricular pacing employing a dual cathodal coronary sinus lead.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We studied the acute hemodynamic effect of left ventricular (LV) pacing from a dual cathodal coronary sinus (CS) lead in a both single- and dual-site electrode configuration.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 17 patients who underwent implantation of a cardiac resynchronization therapy-defibrillator system with dual cathodal CS leads, LV stimulation was performed from the distal and proximal electrode separately and from both electrodes simultaneously. The acute hemodynamic response was evaluated by invasive measurement of LVdP/dtmax. Timing of LV electrical activation time measured from onset QRS to LV sense during intrinsic rhythm at both electrodes were determined from simultaneous intracardiac recordings. The latter results were compared to those of an additional group of 26 patients in whom no hemodynamic effects were evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Baseline LVdP/dtmax was 897 ± 222 mm Hg/s. Single-site LV pacing resulted in a rise of LVdP/dtmax to 1,053 ± 266 mm Hg/s (+17.4%) taking the best of the two sites and 1,020 ± 254 mm Hg (+13.7%) at the worst site (P = 0.0001). In the dual-site pacing configuration LVdP/dtmax was 1,026 ± 243 mm Hg/s (+14.1%). P value for single best versus dual site was 0.005, and for dual site versus worst single site was 0.18 (n.s.).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Even with a relatively small distance of 20-21 mm between stimulation electrodes, there is a significant difference in acute hemodynamic effect from the single best and worst site. Dual-site LV pacing offers no hemodynamic benefit over the best single pacing site. The short electrode distance may have been a limitation and results may not be applicable to other forms of multisite pacing.
authors: Department of Cardiology, Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, the Netherlands.
authors: Berry M
authors: BM
authors: van Gelder
authors: Frank A
authors: FA
authors: Bracke
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D058406:Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D009202:Cardiomyopathies / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy*; D004562:Electrocardiography; D004567:Electrodes, Implanted; D005260:Female; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy*
keywords: cardiac resynchronization therapy; dual cathodal coronary sinus leads; electrode distance; hemodynamic effects; multisite pacing; single-site pacing