title: Chitosan nanoparticles for targeting and sustaining minoxidil sulphate delivery to hair follicles.
abstract: This work developed minoxidil sulphate-loaded chitosan nanoparticles (MXS-NP) for targeted delivery to hair follicles, which could sustain drug release and improve the topical treatment of alopecia. Chitosan nanoparticles were obtained using low-molecular weight chitosan and tripolyphosphate as crosslink agent. MXS-NP presented a monomodal distribution with hydrodynamic diameter of 235.5 ± 99.9 nm (PDI of 0.31 ± 0.01) and positive zeta potential (+38.6 ± 6.0 mV). SEM analysis confirmed nanoparticles average size and spherical shape. A drug loading efficiency of 73.0 ± 0.3% was obtained with polymer:drug ratio of 1:1 (w/w). Drug release through cellulose acetate membranes from MXS-NP was sustained in about 5 times in comparison to the diffusion rate of MXS from the solution (188.9 ± 6.0 μg/cm(2)/h and 35.4 ± 1.8 μg/cm(2)/h). Drug permeation studies through the skin in vitro, followed by selective recovery of MXS from the hair follicles, showed that MXS-NP application resulted in a two-fold MXS increase into hair follicles after 6h in comparison to the control solution (5.9 ± 0.6 μg/cm(2) and 2.9 ± 0.8 μg/cm(2)). MXS-loading in nanoparticles appears as a promising and easy strategy to target and sustain drug delivery to hair follicles, which may improve the topical treatment of alopecia.
authors: Laboratory of Food, Drug and Cosmetics (LTMAC), School of Health Sciences, University of Brasília, 70910-900 Brasília, DF, Brazil.
authors: Breno Noronha
authors: BN
authors: Matos
authors: Laboratory of Food, Drug and Cosmetics (LTMAC), School of Health Sciences, University of Brasília, 70910-900 Brasília, DF, Brazil.
authors: Thaiene Avila
authors: TA
authors: Reis
authors: Laboratory of Food, Drug and Cosmetics (LTMAC), School of Health Sciences, University of Brasília, 70910-900 Brasília, DF, Brazil.
authors: Taís
authors: T
authors: Gratieri
authors: Laboratory of Food, Drug and Cosmetics (LTMAC), School of Health Sciences, University of Brasília, 70910-900 Brasília, DF, Brazil. Electronic address: gmgelfuso@unb.br.
authors: Guilherme Martins
authors: GM
authors: Gelfuso
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D048271:Chitosan / Q000737:chemistry*; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D065546:Drug Liberation; D018859:Hair Follicle / Q000187:drug effects*; D057446:Hydrodynamics; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008914:Minoxidil / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D010316:Particle Size; D010539:Permeability / Q000187:drug effects; D055672:Static Electricity; D034421:Sus scrofa; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: C039516:minoxidil sulfate ester; D008914:Minoxidil; D048271:Chitosan
keywords: Chitosan; Hair follicles; Nanoparticles