title: Rapid thermal processing chamber for in-situ x-ray diffraction.
abstract: Rapid thermal processing (RTP) is widely used for processing a variety of materials, including electronics and photovoltaics. Presently, optimization of RTP is done primarily based on ex-situ studies. As a consequence, the precise reaction pathways and phase progression during the RTP remain unclear. More awareness of the reaction pathways would better enable process optimization and foster increased adoption of RTP, which offers numerous advantages for synthesis of a broad range of materials systems. To achieve this, we have designed and developed a RTP instrument that enables real-time collection of X-ray diffraction data with intervals as short as 100 ms, while heating with ramp rates up to 100 °Cs(-1), and with a maximum operating temperature of 1200 °C. The system is portable and can be installed on a synchrotron beamline. The unique capabilities of this instrument are demonstrated with in-situ characterization of a Bi2O3-SiO2 glass frit obtained during heating with ramp rates 5 °C s(-1) and 100 °C s(-1), revealing numerous phase changes.
authors: SSRL, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575, Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA.
authors: Md Imteyaz
authors: MI
authors: Ahmad
authors: SSRL, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575, Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA.
authors: Douglas G
authors: DG
authors: Van Campen
authors: National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, USA.
authors: Jeremy D
authors: JD
authors: Fields
authors: SSRL, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575, Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA.
authors: Jiafan
authors: J
authors: Yu
authors: SSRL, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575, Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA.
authors: Vanessa L
authors: VL
authors: Pool
authors: National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, USA.
authors: Philip A
authors: PA
authors: Parilla
authors: National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, USA.
authors: David S
authors: DS
authors: Ginley
authors: SSRL, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575, Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA.
authors: Maikel F A M
authors: MF
authors: Van Hest
authors: SSRL, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575, Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA.
authors: Michael F
authors: MF
authors: Toney