title: Polymorphisms in alcohol and tobacco metabolism genes in head and neck cancer in the Basque Country.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The Basque Country has one of the highest rates of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) in Europe, although tobacco and alcohol consumption are not high when compared to other European countries where HNSCC incidence is lower. Our aim was to determine the role of genetic variation with regard to the metabolism of alcohol and carcinogens from tobacco smoke in the Basque Country.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fourteen polymorphisms in alcohol or tobacco metabolism genes were genotyped in 84 HNSCC patients and 242 healthy individuals from the Basque Country.
  
  
  RESULTS
  ADH1B histidine allele (rs1229984), CYP2E1 rs3813867 heterozygous genotype, and GSTT1 deletion conferred protection against HNSCC (OR: 0.318 [0.04-0.75], OR: 0.13 [0.02-0.94], and OR: 0.12 [0.02-0.60], respectively) while GSTP1 (rs1695) Val/Val genotype was related to an increased risk (OR: 4.12 [1.11-15.31]). Regarding alcohol and tobacco habits, GSTT1 deletion was associated with tobacco usage, while the 3 polymorphisms tested in ALDH2 were associated with alcohol consumption. However, genotypic distributions of these 7 SNPs did not differ from those observed for other Caucasian populations where HNSCC incidence is lower.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The identified genotypic variations in alcohol and tobacco metabolizing genes only by themselves do not seem to be responsible for the higher incidence of HNSCC observed in the Basque Country.
authors: Oral Medicine & Pathology, Department of Stomatology II, UFI 11/25, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain.|BIOMICs Research Group, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Vitoria, Spain.
authors: Naiara G
authors: NG
authors: Bediaga
authors: Oral Medicine & Pathology, Department of Stomatology II, UFI 11/25, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain.
authors: Xabier
authors: X
authors: Marichalar-Mendia
authors: Oral Medicine & Pathology, Department of Stomatology II, UFI 11/25, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain.
authors: Natalia
authors: N
authors: Rey-Barja
authors: Oral Medicine & Pathology, Department of Stomatology II, UFI 11/25, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain.
authors: Amaia
authors: A
authors: Setien-Olarra
authors: Otolaryngology Service, Kutxa-Onkologikoa - Oncology Institute Gipuzkoa, Donostia, Spain.
authors: José A
authors: JA
authors: Gonzalez-Garcia
authors: BIOMICs Research Group, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Vitoria, Spain.
authors: Marian Martinez
authors: MM
authors: de Pancorbo
authors: Oral Medicine & Pathology, Department of Stomatology II, UFI 11/25, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain.
authors: José M
authors: JM
authors: Aguirre-Urizar
authors: Oral Medicine & Pathology, Department of Stomatology II, UFI 11/25, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain.|IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain.
authors: Amelia
authors: A
authors: Acha-Sagredo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000426:Alcohol Dehydrogenase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D000444:Aldehyde Dehydrogenase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D017353:Gene Deletion; D005787:Gene Frequency; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D013030:Spain; D000077195:Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck
chemical_list: D000426:Alcohol Dehydrogenase; D000444:Aldehyde Dehydrogenase; C413545:glutathione S-transferase T1; D005982:Glutathione Transferase
keywords: alcohol; larynx cancer; oral cancer; polymorphisms; squamous cell carcinoma; tobacco