title: Acute hemodynamic and electrocardiographic responses to a session of inspiratory muscle training in cardiopulmonary rehabilitation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Inspiratory muscle training (IMT) has been shown to generate significant benefits in different clinical conditions; however, there is scarce information regarding acute clinical and hemodynamic effects.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to evaluate clinical, hemodynamic and electrocardiographic responses during a single short IMT session in patients enrolled in cardiopulmonary rehabilitation program (CRP).
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients referred and regularly attending a non-hospital based medically-supervised exercise program.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and sixty patients patients who regularly performed inspiratory muscle training
  
  
  METHODS
  A convenience sample of 21 elderly patients (16 men; 60-87 years of age) had an ECG continuously recorded and heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP) measured before, during and one-minute after a single IMT session - two sets of 15 cycles with one-minute interval.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Comparing values obtained before, during second set and one-minute after IMT, no differences were found to HR (bpm) - 68±2 vs. 70±2 vs. 66±3 (P=0.05) and in systolic and diastolic BP (mm Hg) values, respectively, - 105±3 vs. 111±4 vs. 108±3 (P=0.06) and - 68±2 vs. 72±3 vs. 68±2 (P=0.14); (before, during second set and one-minute after TMI). During IMT, seven (33%) of patients presented minor cardiac arrhythmias, most of them isolated premature ventricular contractions. Additionally, no abnormal signs or symptoms were found.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Apart of minor and clinically irrelevant ECG abnormalities seen in 1/3 of the patients, a short IMT session did not induce significant hemodynamic responses or relevant clinical abnormalities. Based on these results, for elderly patients involved in CPR, IMT seems to be clinically safe and continuous ECG monitoring did not seem to add significant or relevant information.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  For elderly patients participating in CPR, short IMT sessions do not induce major hemodynamic responses and seem to be clinically safe. This is potentially useful information if IMT is to be prescribed in home-based programs.
authors: Exercise Medicine Clinic - Clinimex, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil - cgaraujo@iis.com.br.
authors: P S
authors: PS
authors: Ramos
authors: B
authors: B
authors: Da Costa Da Silva
authors: L O
authors: LO
authors: Gomes Da Silva
authors: C G
authors: CG
authors: Araújo
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001945:Breathing Exercises; D000072038:Cardiac Rehabilitation; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004562:Electrocardiography; D005260:Female; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006801:Humans; D008171:Lung Diseases / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016896:Treatment Outcome