title: Evaluation of sleep problems in preeclamptic, healthy pregnant and non-pregnant women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Sleep problems are common complaints among pregnant women. This study was designed to compare subjective sleep problems in non-pregnancy condition, healthy and preeclamptic pregnancy as a major complication of pregnancy. We hypothesized that some sleep problems are more prevalent in females with preeclampsia.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this cross-sectional study, 102 women with preeclampsia, 106 healthy pregnant women in the third trimester and 103 healthy non-pregnant women were selected through random sampling. Age and parity were matched in the three groups. We used Global sleep assessment questionnaire (GSAQ) to check the subjective sleep problems, and then we performed statistical analysis using Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Pearson Chi-square tests.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Our findings revealed significant differences in initial insomnia (p = 0.034), fragmented sleep (p = 0.022), snoring (p<0.001), non-idiopathic insomnia (p = 0.045) and sadness and anxiety (p = 0.001) between the three groups. Some sleep problems were more common in preeclampctic compared to healthy pregnant women including initial insomnia, fragmented sleep, snoring, sleep apnea and non-idiopathic insomnia. Moreover, the subjects with preeclampsia revealed more fragmented sleep, snoring, sadness and anxiety and lack of getting enough sleep due to other activities compared to non-pregnant women.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Different kinds of sleep problems can occur in subjects with preeclampsia in comparison with the non-pregnant and healthy pregnant subjects. Sleep problems should be evaluated during pregnancy, particularly in pregnant women with preeclampsia, and suitable treatment should be provided for any specific sleep problem.
authors: Sleep Disorder Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences (KUMS), Kermanshah, Iran.
authors: Habibolah
authors: H
authors: Khazaie
authors: Sleep Disorder Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences (KUMS), Kermanshah, Iran.
authors: Azadeh
authors: A
authors: Heidarpour
authors: Sleep Disorder Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences (KUMS), Kermanshah, Iran.
authors: Rojin
authors: R
authors: Nikray
authors: Department of Biostatistics, Social development and health promotion research center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences (KUMS), Kermanshah, Iran.
authors: Mansour
authors: M
authors: Rezaei
authors: Department of Psychiatry, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran.
authors: Azad
authors: A
authors: Maroufi
authors: Sleep Disorder Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences (KUMS), Kermanshah, Iran.
authors: Behzad
authors: B
authors: Moradi
authors: Sleep Disorder Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences (KUMS), Kermanshah, Iran.
authors: Mohammad Rasoul
authors: MR
authors: Ghadami
authors: Department of Obstetric and Gynecology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences (KUMS), Kermanshah, Iran.
authors: Shohreh
authors: S
authors: Malek-Khosravi
authors: Sleep Disorder Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences (KUMS), Kermanshah, Iran ; TUM-Neuroimaging center (TUM-NIC), Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.
authors: Masoud
authors: M
authors: Tahmasian
keywords: Global sleep assessment questionnaire (GSAQ); Preeclampsia; pregnancy; sleep problems
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