title: Automated parent-training for preschooler immunization pain relief: a randomized controlled trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine a computerized parent training program, "Bear Essentials," to improve parents' knowledge and coaching to help relieve preschoolers' immunization distress.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a randomized controlled trial, 90 parent-child dyads received Bear Essentials parent training plus distraction, distraction only, or control. Outcomes were parent knowledge, parent and child behavior, and child pain.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Bear Essentials resulted in improved knowledge of the effects of parents' reassurance, provision of information, and apologizing on children's procedural distress. Trained parents also engaged in less reassurance and more distraction and encouragement of deep breathing. Children in Bear Essentials engaged in more distraction and deep breathing than children in other groups. There were no effects on measures of child distress or pain.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results suggest that the interactive computer training program impacted parent knowledge, parent behavior, and child behavior as hypothesized, but modifications will be necessary to have more robust outcomes on child procedural distress.
authors: Department of Psychology, Georgia State University and Capital District Health Authority and IWK Health Centre llcohen@gsu.edu.
authors: Lindsey L
authors: LL
authors: Cohen
authors: Department of Psychology, Georgia State University and Capital District Health Authority and IWK Health Centre.
authors: Nikita P
authors: NP
authors: Rodrigues
authors: Department of Psychology, Georgia State University and Capital District Health Authority and IWK Health Centre.
authors: Crystal S
authors: CS
authors: Lim
authors: Department of Psychology, Georgia State University and Capital District Health Authority and IWK Health Centre.
authors: Donald J
authors: DJ
authors: Bearden
authors: Department of Psychology, Georgia State University and Capital District Health Authority and IWK Health Centre.
authors: Josie S
authors: JS
authors: Welkom
authors: Department of Psychology, Georgia State University and Capital District Health Authority and IWK Health Centre.
authors: Naomi E
authors: NE
authors: Joffe
authors: Department of Psychology, Georgia State University and Capital District Health Authority and IWK Health Centre.
authors: Patrick J
authors: PJ
authors: McGrath
authors: Department of Psychology, Georgia State University and Capital District Health Authority and IWK Health Centre.
authors: Laura A
authors: LA
authors: Cousins
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002652:Child Behavior / Q000523:psychology; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010146:Pain / Q000209:etiology* / Q000523:psychology; D059408:Pain Management / Q000379:methods*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010290:Parents / Q000193:education / Q000523:psychology*; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014611:Vaccination / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000523:psychology
keywords: computer applications/eHealth; pain; parents
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