title: Prevention of mother-to-child HIV-1 transmission in Burkina Faso: evaluation of vertical transmission by PCR, molecular characterization of subtypes and determination of antiretroviral drugs resistance.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Vertical human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission is a public health problem in Burkina Faso. The main objective of this study on the prevention of mother-to-child HIV-1 transmission was to determine the residual risk of HIV transmission in infants born to mothers receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Moreover, we detect HIV antiretroviral (ARV) drug resistance among mother-infant pairs and identify subtypes and circulating recombinant forms (CRF) in Burkina Faso.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this study, 3,215 samples of pregnant women were analyzed for HIV using rapid tests. Vertical transmission was estimated by polymerase chain reaction in 6-month-old infants born to women who tested HIV positive. HIV-1 resistance to ARV, subtypes, and CRFs was determined through ViroSeq kit using the ABI PRISM 3,130 sequencer.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In this study, 12.26% (394/3,215) of the pregnant women were diagnosed HIV positive. There was 0.52% (2/388) overall vertical transmission of HIV, with rates of 1.75% (2/114) among mothers under prophylaxis and 0.00% (0/274) for those under HAART. Genetic mutations were also isolated that induce resistance to ARV such as M184V, Y115F, K103N, Y181C, V179E, and G190A. There were subtypes and CRF of HIV-1 present, the most common being: CRF06_CPX (58.8%), CRF02_AG (35.3%), and subtype G (5.9%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ARV drugs reduce the residual rate of HIV vertical transmission. However, the virus has developed resistance to ARV, which could limit future therapeutic options when treatment is needed. Resistance to ARV therefore requires a permanent interaction between researchers, physicians, and pharmacists, to strengthen the network of monitoring and surveillance of drug resistance in Burkina Faso.
authors: Biomolecular Research Centre Pietro Annigoni (CERBA/LABIOGENE), University of Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, West Africa; Institute of Research in Health Sciences, IRSS, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso; stanilinda@gmail.com.
authors: Tani
authors: T
authors: Sagna
authors: Biomolecular Research Centre Pietro Annigoni (CERBA/LABIOGENE), University of Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, West Africa; Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Sciences and Techniques of Masuku (USTM), Franceville, Gabon.
authors: Cyrille
authors: C
authors: Bisseye
authors: Biomolecular Research Centre Pietro Annigoni (CERBA/LABIOGENE), University of Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, West Africa; Saint Camille Medical Centre, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.
authors: Tegewende R
authors: TR
authors: Compaore
authors: Biomolecular Research Centre Pietro Annigoni (CERBA/LABIOGENE), University of Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, West Africa.
authors: Therese S
authors: TS
authors: Kagone
authors: Biomolecular Research Centre Pietro Annigoni (CERBA/LABIOGENE), University of Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, West Africa.
authors: Florencia W
authors: FW
authors: Djigma
authors: Biomolecular Research Centre Pietro Annigoni (CERBA/LABIOGENE), University of Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, West Africa; Saint Camille Medical Centre, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.
authors: Djeneba
authors: D
authors: Ouermi
authors: Population Health and Optimal Health Practices Research Unit, CHU de Québec Research Centre, Quebec, Canada.
authors: Catherine M
authors: CM
authors: Pirkle
authors: Biomolecular Research Centre Pietro Annigoni (CERBA/LABIOGENE), University of Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, West Africa.
authors: Moctar T A
authors: MT
authors: Zeba
authors: Biomolecular Research Centre Pietro Annigoni (CERBA/LABIOGENE), University of Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, West Africa.
authors: Valerie J T
authors: VJ
authors: Bazie
authors: Biomolecular Research Centre Pietro Annigoni (CERBA/LABIOGENE), University of Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, West Africa.
authors: Zoenabo
authors: Z
authors: Douamba
authors: Biomolecular Research Centre Pietro Annigoni (CERBA/LABIOGENE), University of Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, West Africa.
authors: Remy
authors: R
authors: Moret
authors: Saint Camille Medical Centre, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.
authors: Virginio
authors: V
authors: Pietra
authors: Biomolecular Research Centre Pietro Annigoni (CERBA/LABIOGENE), University of Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, West Africa.
authors: Adjirita
authors: A
authors: Koama
authors: Biomolecular Research Centre Pietro Annigoni (CERBA/LABIOGENE), University of Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, West Africa.
authors: Charlemagne
authors: C
authors: Gnoula
authors: Saint Camille Medical Centre, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.
authors: Joseph D
authors: JD
authors: Sia
authors: Biomolecular Research Centre Pietro Annigoni (CERBA/LABIOGENE), University of Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, West Africa.
authors: Jean-Baptiste
authors: JB
authors: Nikiema
authors: Biomolecular Research Centre Pietro Annigoni (CERBA/LABIOGENE), University of Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, West Africa; Saint Camille Medical Centre, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.
authors: Jacques
authors: J
authors: Simpore
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; D002050:Burkina Faso / Q000453:epidemiology; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D024882:Drug Resistance, Viral / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000635:transmission*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D018445:Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical / Q000517:prevention & control*; D009035:Mothers; D009154:Mutation; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011247:Pregnancy; D011251:Pregnancy Complications, Infectious / Q000188:drug therapy*; D015995:Prevalence; D019562:Viral Load; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: HAART; genotypes; mutations; pregnant women; sequencing
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