title: Relationship between household expenditures on strategic foods and prevalence of undernutrition among children 0 to 23 months of age in Indonesia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The global economic crisis in 2007/08 resulted in higher food prices, which increased household food expenditures while worsening the quantity and quality of food consumed, potentially leading to child undernutrition.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To characterize the relationship of the mean proportions of household expenditures on strategic foods with the prevalence of undernutrition (high stunting, wasting, and underweight) among children under 2 years of age in Indonesia.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study used data from 437 districts from two nationally representative surveys conducted in 2007, the National Socioeconomic Survey (Susenas) and the Basic Health Research (Riskesdas).
  
  
  RESULTS
  A higher mean proportion of household expenditure on soybeans was significantly associated with lower odds (3rd vs. 1st tertile) of prevalence of high wasting (OR, 0.51; 95% CI, 0.28 to 0.94; p =.031) and high underweight (OR, 0.09; 95% CI, 0.03 to 0.28; p < .0001). A lower mean proportion of household expenditure on sugar and cooking oil was significantly associated with lower odds of prevalence of high wasting (OR, 2.41; 95% CI, 1.37 to 4.23; p = .002) and high underweight (2nd vs. 1st tertile) (OR, 2.38; 95% CI, 1.05 to 5.41; p = .039).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Among all strategic foods, a higher proportion of household expenditure on soybeans and a lower proportion of household expenditure on sugar and cooking oil are associated with lower odds of high wasting and underweight prevalence among children 0 to 23 months of age. The results indicate the need for promotion of consumption of fermented soybeans and education aiming at decreasing expenditure on sugar and cooking oil to increase consumption of more nutritious foods.
authors: Anna Vipta Resti
authors: AV
authors: Mauludyani
authors: Umi
authors: U
authors: Fahmida
authors: Otte
authors: O
authors: Santika
mesh_terms: D002017:Budgets; D002241:Carbohydrates / Q000191:economics; D003365:Costs and Cost Analysis; D004042:Dietary Fats, Unsaturated / Q000191:economics; D005191:Family Characteristics; D005502:Food / Q000191:economics*; D006801:Humans; D007214:Indonesia / Q000453:epidemiology; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D044342:Malnutrition / Q000453:epidemiology*; D009753:Nutritive Value; D016017:Odds Ratio; D013025:Glycine max / Q000191:economics; D013851:Thinness / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D002241:Carbohydrates; D004042:Dietary Fats, Unsaturated