title: Exercise induces stromal cell-derived factor-1α-mediated release of endothelial progenitor cells with increased vasculogenic function.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Endothelial progenitor cells have been shown to traffic to and incorporate into ischemic tissues, where they participate in new blood vessel formation, a process termed vasculogenesis. Previous investigation has demonstrated that endothelial progenitor cells appear to mobilize from bone marrow to the peripheral circulation after exercise. In this study, the authors investigate potential etiologic factors driving this mobilization and investigate whether the mobilized endothelial progenitor cells are the same as those present at baseline.
  
  
  METHODS
  Healthy volunteers (n = 5) performed a monitored 30-minute run to maintain a heart rate greater than 140 beats/min. Venous blood samples were collected before, 10 minutes after, and 24 hours after exercise. Endothelial progenitor cells were isolated and evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Plasma levels of stromal cell-derived factor-1α significantly increased nearly two-fold immediately after exercise, with a nearly four-fold increase in circulating endothelial progenitor cells 24 hours later. The endothelial progenitor cells isolated following exercise demonstrated increased colony formation, proliferation, differentiation, and secretion of angiogenic cytokines. Postexercise endothelial progenitor cells also exhibited a more robust response to hypoxic stimulation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Exercise appears to mobilize endothelial progenitor cells and augment their function by means of stromal cell-derived factor 1α-dependent signaling. The population of endothelial progenitor cells mobilized following exercise is primed for vasculogenesis with increased capacity for proliferation, differentiation, secretion of cytokines, and responsiveness to hypoxia. Given the evidence demonstrating positive regenerative effects of exercise, this may be one possible mechanism for its benefits.
authors: Stanford, Calif. From the Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine.
authors: Edwin
authors: E
authors: Chang
authors: Josemaria
authors: J
authors: Paterno
authors: Dominik
authors: D
authors: Duscher
authors: Zeshaan N
authors: ZN
authors: Maan
authors: Jerry S
authors: JS
authors: Chen
authors: Michael
authors: M
authors: Januszyk
authors: Melanie
authors: M
authors: Rodrigues
authors: Robert C
authors: RC
authors: Rennert
authors: Sarah
authors: S
authors: Bishop
authors: Arnetha J
authors: AJ
authors: Whitmore
authors: Alexander J
authors: AJ
authors: Whittam
authors: Michael T
authors: MT
authors: Longaker
authors: Geoffrey C
authors: GC
authors: Gurtner
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001772:Blood Cell Count; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D015687:Cell Hypoxia; D054377:Chemokine CXCL12 / Q000097:blood / Q000502:physiology*; D002633:Chemotaxis / Q000502:physiology; D003114:Colony-Forming Units Assay; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D004261:DNA Replication; D066026:Endothelial Progenitor Cells / Q000502:physiology*; D004921:Erythropoietin / Q000097:blood; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006801:Humans; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D019899:Paracrine Communication; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012420:Running; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: C515255:CXCL12 protein, human; D054377:Chemokine CXCL12; D016207:Cytokines; C554270:EPO protein, human; C497442:HIF1A protein, human; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit; D004921:Erythropoietin
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