title: Toll-like receptors (TLR) 2 and 4 expression of keratinocytes from patients with localized and disseminated dermatophytosis.
abstract: There are few studies on the role of innate immune response in dermatophytosis. An investigation was conducted to define the involvement of Toll-Like Receptors (TLRs) 2 and 4 in localized (LD) and disseminated (DD) dermatophytosis due to T. rubrum. Fifteen newly diagnosed patients, eight patients with LD and seven with DD, defined by involvement of at least three body segments were used in this study. Controls comprised twenty skin samples from healthy individuals undergoing plastic surgery. TLR2 and TLR4 were quantified in skin lesions by immunohistochemistry. A reduced expression of TLR4 in the lower and upper epidermis of both LD and DD patients was found compared to controls; TLR2 expression was preserved in the upper and lower epidermis of all three groups. As TLR4 signaling induces the production of inflammatory cytokines and neutrophils recruitment, its reduced expression likely contributed to the lack of resolution of the infection and the consequent chronic nature of the dermatophytosis. As TLR2 expression acts to limit the inflammatory process and preserves the epidermal structure, its preserved expression may also contribute to the persistent infection and limited inflammation that are characteristic of dermatophytic infections.
authors: Department of Dermatology, Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors: Cristiane Beatriz de
authors: CB
authors: Oliveira
authors: Department of Dermatology, Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors: Cídia
authors: C
authors: Vasconcellos
authors: Laboratory of Medical Investigation Unit 53, Division of Clinical Dermatology, Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors: Neusa Y
authors: NY
authors: Sakai-Valente
authors: Department of Dermatology, Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors: Mirian Nacagami
authors: MN
authors: Sotto
authors: Instituto Pasteur de São Paulo, Laboratório de Diagnóstico da Raiva, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors: Fernanda Guedes
authors: FG
authors: Luiz
authors: Department of Dermatology, Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors: Walter
authors: W
authors: Belda Júnior
authors: Laboratory of Medical Investigation Unit 53, Division of Clinical Dermatology, Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors: Maria da Gloria Teixeira de
authors: Mda G
authors: Sousa
authors: Laboratory of Medical Investigation Unit 53, Division of Clinical Dermatology, Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors: Gil
authors: G
authors: Benard
authors: Department of Dermatology, Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors: Paulo Ricardo
authors: PR
authors: Criado
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D015603:Keratinocytes / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D014005:Tinea / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D051195:Toll-Like Receptor 2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4 / Q000378:metabolism*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D051195:Toll-Like Receptor 2; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4
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