title: High-throughput phenotyping of plant resistance to aphids by automated video tracking.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Piercing-sucking insects are major vectors of plant viruses causing significant yield losses in crops. Functional genomics of plant resistance to these insects would greatly benefit from the availability of high-throughput, quantitative phenotyping methods.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We have developed an automated video tracking platform that quantifies aphid feeding behaviour on leaf discs to assess the level of plant resistance. Through the analysis of aphid movement, the start and duration of plant penetrations by aphids were estimated. As a case study, video tracking confirmed the near-complete resistance of lettuce cultivar 'Corbana' against Nasonovia ribisnigri (Mosely), biotype Nr:0, and revealed quantitative resistance in Arabidopsis accession Co-2 against Myzus persicae (Sulzer). The video tracking platform was benchmarked against Electrical Penetration Graph (EPG) recordings and aphid population development assays. The use of leaf discs instead of intact plants reduced the intensity of the resistance effect in video tracking, but sufficiently replicated experiments resulted in similar conclusions as EPG recordings and aphid population assays. One video tracking platform could screen 100 samples in parallel.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Automated video tracking can be used to screen large plant populations for resistance to aphids and other piercing-sucking insects.
authors: Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 16, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands ; Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 16, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands ; Plant Research International, Wageningen University and Research Center, P.O. Box 16, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands.
authors: Karen J
authors: KJ
authors: Kloth
authors: Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 16, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands.
authors: Cindy Jm
authors: CJ
authors: Ten Broeke
authors: Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 16, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands ; Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 16, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands ; Plant Research International, Wageningen University and Research Center, P.O. Box 16, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands.
authors: Manus Pm
authors: MP
authors: Thoen
authors: Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 16, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands.
authors: Marianne
authors: M
authors: Hanhart-van den Brink
authors: Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 16, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands ; Plant Research International, Wageningen University and Research Center, P.O. Box 16, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands.
authors: Gerrie L
authors: GL
authors: Wiegers
authors: Noldus Information Technology bv, P.O. Box 268, 6700 AG Wageningen, The Netherlands.
authors: Olga E
authors: OE
authors: Krips
authors: Noldus Information Technology bv, P.O. Box 268, 6700 AG Wageningen, The Netherlands.
authors: Lucas Pjj
authors: LP
authors: Noldus
authors: Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 16, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands.
authors: Marcel
authors: M
authors: Dicke
authors: Plant Research International, Wageningen University and Research Center, P.O. Box 16, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands.
authors: Maarten A
authors: MA
authors: Jongsma
keywords: Aphids; Arabidopsis; Arabidopsis thaliana; Automated video tracking; Host plant resistance; Lactuca sativa; Phenotyping; Piercing-sucking insects
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