title: Interaction between reproductive hormones and physiological sleep in women.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The changing hormonal milieu around menopause is implicated in the development of sleep disturbances. No studies have assessed the association between concurrent physiological measures of sleep and serum hormone concentrations in perimenopausal women.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to assess the interaction between physiological sleep and reproductive hormone measures in perimenopausal women.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a cross-sectional laboratory study of 33 perimenopausal women age 43-52 years (17 with no sleep complaints and 16 with a clinical diagnosis of insomnia). Eleven premenopausal women without sleep complaints (18-27 y), were included to determine whether hormone-sleep relationships differed depending on reproductive stage.
  
  
  METHODS
  Concurrent polysomnographic sleep indices and serum hormone levels (estradiol and follicle stimulating hormone [FSH]) were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  FSH was positively associated with polysomnographic-defined wakefulness after sleep onset, and number of awakenings and arousals in perimenopausal women (P < .05) without sleep complaints independent of age, body mass index, and hot flashes. Similarly, FSH correlated with wakefulness after sleep onset and light N1 sleep in premenopausal women (P < .05). In contrast, in perimenopausal insomniacs amount of sleep correlated with anxiety and depression (P < .05) but not with FSH. Estradiol did not correlate with sleep in perimenopausal groups but correlated negatively with arousals in premenopausal women (P < .01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest an interaction between the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian (HPO) axis and sleep-wake regulatory systems in pre- and peri-menopausal women without sleep complaints. There was no relationship between hormones and sleep in perimenopausal insomniacs, whose sleep may be influenced by other factors intrinsic to insomnia, such as hyperactivity, poor mood, and night-to-night variability.
authors: Center for Health Sciences (M.d.Z., I.M.C., F.C.B.), SRI International, Menlo Park, California 94025; Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences (I.M.C.), The University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3010, Australia; and Brain Function Research Group, School of Physiology (F.C.B.), University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2000, South Africa.
authors: Massimiliano
authors: M
authors: de Zambotti
authors: Ian M
authors: IM
authors: Colrain
authors: Fiona C
authors: FC
authors: Baker
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001007:Anxiety / Q000097:blood; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003863:Depression / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone / Q000097:blood; D012739:Gonadal Steroid Hormones / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D008593:Menopause / Q000097:blood / Q000502:physiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D012890:Sleep / Q000502:physiology*; D012893:Sleep Wake Disorders / Q000097:blood; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D012739:Gonadal Steroid Hormones; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone
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