title: [Proton imaging applications for proton therapy: state of the art].
abstract: Proton therapy allows a highly precise tumour volume irradiation with a low dose delivered to the healthy tissues. The steep dose gradients observed and the high treatment conformity require a precise knowledge of the proton range in matter and the target volume position relative to the beam. Thus, proton imaging allows an improvement of the treatment accuracy, and thereby, in treatment quality. Initially suggested in 1963, radiographic imaging with proton is still not used in clinical routine. The principal difficulty is the lack of spatial resolution, induced by the multiple Coulomb scattering of protons with nuclei. Moreover, its realization for all clinical locations requires relatively high energies that are previously not considered for clinical routine. Abandoned for some time in favor of X-ray technologies, research into new imaging methods using protons is back in the news because of the increase of proton radiation therapy centers in the world. This article exhibits a non-exhaustive state of the art in proton imaging.
authors: Cyclotron biomédical, centre Antoine-Lacassagne, 227, avenue de la Lanterne, 06200 Nice, France. Electronic address: regis.amblard@nice.unicancer.fr.
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Amblard
authors: Cyclotron biomédical, centre Antoine-Lacassagne, 227, avenue de la Lanterne, 06200 Nice, France.
authors: V
authors: V
authors: Floquet
authors: Cyclotron biomédical, centre Antoine-Lacassagne, 227, avenue de la Lanterne, 06200 Nice, France.
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Angellier
authors: Cyclotron biomédical, centre Antoine-Lacassagne, 227, avenue de la Lanterne, 06200 Nice, France.
authors: J M
authors: JM
authors: Hannoun-Lévi
authors: Cyclotron biomédical, centre Antoine-Lacassagne, 227, avenue de la Lanterne, 06200 Nice, France.
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Hérault
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D006283:Health Physics; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D056888:Patient Positioning; D061766:Proton Therapy; D011522:Protons; D011874:Radiometry / Q000379:methods; D011880:Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D012542:Scattering, Radiation
chemical_list: D011522:Protons
keywords: Imagerie proton; Proton computed tomography; Proton imaging; Proton radiography; Proton therapy; Protonthérapie; Radiographie proton; Tomographie proton