title: Ultrafine Particles from Traffic Emissions and Children's Health (UPTECH) in Brisbane, Queensland (Australia): study design and implementation.
abstract: Ultrafine particles are particles that are less than 0.1 micrometres (µm) in diameter. Due to their very small size they can penetrate deep into the lungs, and potentially cause more damage than larger particles. The Ultrafine Particles from Traffic Emissions and Children's Health (UPTECH) study is the first Australian epidemiological study to assess the health effects of ultrafine particles on children's health in general and peripheral airways in particular. The study is being conducted in Brisbane, Australia. Continuous indoor and outdoor air pollution monitoring was conducted within each of the twenty five participating school campuses to measure particulate matter, including in the ultrafine size range, and gases. Respiratory health effects were evaluated by conducting the following tests on participating children at each school: spirometry, forced oscillation technique (FOT) and multiple breath nitrogen washout test (MBNW) (to assess airway function), fraction of exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO, to assess airway inflammation), blood cotinine levels (to assess exposure to second-hand tobacco smoke), and serum C-reactive protein (CRP) levels (to measure systemic inflammation). A pilot study was conducted prior to commencing the main study to assess the feasibility and reliably of measurement of some of the clinical tests that have been proposed for the main study. Air pollutant exposure measurements were not included in the pilot study.
authors: Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, 431 Glebe Point Road, Glebe, NSW 2037, Australia. wafaa.ezz@sydney.edu.au.
authors: Wafaa Nabil
authors: WN
authors: Ezz
authors: International Laboratory for Air Quality and Health, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia. m.mazaheri@qut.edu.au.
authors: Mandana
authors: M
authors: Mazaheri
authors: Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, 431 Glebe Point Road, Glebe, NSW 2037, Australia. dr.pdrobinson@googlemail.com.
authors: Paul
authors: P
authors: Robinson
authors: International Laboratory for Air Quality and Health, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia. g.johnson@qut.edu.au.
authors: Graham R
authors: GR
authors: Johnson
authors: International Laboratory for Air Quality and Health, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia. samuel.clifford@qut.edu.au.
authors: Samuel
authors: S
authors: Clifford
authors: International Laboratory for Air Quality and Health, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia. c.he@qut.edu.au.
authors: Congrong
authors: C
authors: He
authors: International Laboratory for Air Quality and Health, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia. l.morawska@qut.edu.au.
authors: Lidia
authors: L
authors: Morawska
authors: Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, 431 Glebe Point Road, Glebe, NSW 2037, Australia. guy.marks@sydney.edu.au.|South Western Sydney Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. guy.marks@sydney.edu.au.
authors: Guy B
authors: GB
authors: Marks
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*; D000397:Air Pollution / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000032:analysis; D001315:Australia; D002648:Child; D000067576:Child Health; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000032:analysis; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology; D008297:Male; D010316:Particle Size; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011793:Queensland; D012107:Research Design; D012140:Respiratory Tract Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D001335:Vehicle Emissions / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D052638:Particulate Matter; D001335:Vehicle Emissions
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