title: A Single Center Experience Comparing Miniperc and Shockwave Lithotripsy for Treatment of Radiopaque 1-2 cm Lower Caliceal Renal Calculi in Children: A Prospective Randomized Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A prospective randomized study was performed comparing miniperc and shockwave lithotripsy (SWL) for treatment of radiopaque 1 to 2 cm lower caliceal renal calculi in children to evaluate safety and efficacy of these procedures.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pediatric patients (<15 years) with a single radiopaque lower caliceal renal stone 1 to 2 cm undergoing treatment between March 2012 and September 2013 in our department were randomized into two groups-group A, miniperc; group B, SWL. The two groups were compared statistically regarding patient demographic profile, 3-month stone-free rate (SFR), re-treatment rates, auxiliary procedures, and complications.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 106 patients enrolled in each group. The mean age (10.3 years vs 10.7 years, P=0.57) and stone size (12.7 mm vs 12.9 mm, P=0.31) were similar between group A and B patients. The re-treatment rate and auxiliary procedure rate were significantly greater in group B compared with group A (41.5% vs 2.8% and 14.2% vs 5.6%, respectively; P<0.001). The overall 3-month SFR was 94.3% for group A vs 83% for group B (P=0.03). The complication rate (20.7% vs 3.7%; P=0.01) and hospital stay (3.7 days vs 7.1 hours; P=0.01) was significantly higher in group A compared with group B. Blood transfusion was given in 10.3% patients in group A vs none in group B (P=0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Miniperc is more efficacious than SWL for treatment of radiopaque lower caliceal renal calculi 1 to 2 cm in children in terms of higher SFR and lesser auxiliary and re-treatment rates. Miniperc, however, resulted in more complication, operative time, radiation exposure, and hospital stay.
authors: Department of Urology and Renal Transplant, VMMC and Safdarjung Hospital , New Delhi, India .
authors: Anup
authors: A
authors: Kumar
authors: Department of Urology and Renal Transplant, VMMC and Safdarjung Hospital , New Delhi, India .
authors: Niraj
authors: N
authors: Kumar
authors: Department of Urology and Renal Transplant, VMMC and Safdarjung Hospital , New Delhi, India .
authors: Pawan
authors: P
authors: Vasudeva
authors: Department of Urology and Renal Transplant, VMMC and Safdarjung Hospital , New Delhi, India .
authors: Rohit
authors: R
authors: Kumar
authors: Department of Urology and Renal Transplant, VMMC and Safdarjung Hospital , New Delhi, India .
authors: Sanjeev Kumar
authors: SK
authors: Jha
authors: Department of Urology and Renal Transplant, VMMC and Safdarjung Hospital , New Delhi, India .
authors: Harbinder
authors: H
authors: Singh
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007669:Kidney Calculi / Q000601:surgery*; D007902:Length of Stay / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008096:Lithotripsy / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D061646:Operative Time; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D011446:Prospective Studies; D000069079:Radiation Exposure / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D019233:Retreatment / Q000706:statistics & numerical data