title: Refractory organic pollutants and toxicity in pulp and paper mill wastewaters.
abstract: This review describes medium and high molecular weight organic material found in wastewaters from pulp and paper industry. The aim is to review the versatile pollutants and the analysis methods for their determination. Among other pollutants, biocides, extractives, and lignin-derived compounds are major contributors to harmful effects, such as toxicity, of industrial wastewaters. Toxicity of wastewaters from pulp and paper mills is briefly evaluated including the methods for toxicity analyses. Traditionally, wastewater purification includes mechanical treatment followed by chemical and/or biological treatment processes. A variety of methods are available for the purification of industrial wastewaters, including aerobic and anaerobic processes. However, some fractions of organic material, such as lignin and its derivatives, are difficult to degrade. Therefore, novel chemical methods, including electrochemical and oxidation processes, have been developed for separate use or in combination with biological treatment processes.
authors: Department of Chemistry, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014, Jyväskylä, Finland, petra.c.lindholm-lehto@jyu.fi.
authors: Petra C
authors: PC
authors: Lindholm-Lehto
authors: Juha S
authors: JS
authors: Knuutinen
authors: Heidi S J
authors: HS
authors: Ahkola
authors: Sirpa H
authors: SH
authors: Herve
mesh_terms: D057919:Biological Oxygen Demand Analysis; D004202:Disinfectants / Q000032:analysis; D015386:Hazardous Substances / Q000032:analysis*; D007220:Industrial Waste / Q000032:analysis*; D008031:Lignin; D009930:Organic Chemicals / Q000032:analysis* / Q000633:toxicity; D010209:Paper; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid; D062065:Wastewater / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D004202:Disinfectants; D015386:Hazardous Substances; D007220:Industrial Waste; D008031:Lignin; D009930:Organic Chemicals; D062065:Wastewater
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