title: Oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes in squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue in young patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The occurrence of squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue (SCCT) of young patients increased. There are still controversies about patient prognosis. The underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear.
  
  
  METHODS
  276 patients (66 ≤45, 210 >45 years) with SCCT were included. Clinical parameters and survival data were assessed. Oncogenes and tumor suppressors were analyzed via immunohistochemistry (p53, CXCR4, p16, EGFR) and qPCR (CDK4, CDKN2A, TP53, MDM2, AKT1, PIK3CA, NRAS, HRAS, KRAS, HGF, MET, EGF, ATM, BRCA1, E2F1, FHIT, RUNX3, STK11, BCL2, CTNNB1).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median overall survival was 142 (≤45 years) and 34 months (>45 years) (p < 0.0001; HR [95%CI]: 0.37 [0.30-0.58]). Disease specific survival in patients ≤45 years was with 181 months significantly higher than in patients >45 years (p < 0.0001; HR [95%CI]: 0.33 [0.26-0.57]). Immunhistochemistry visualized a comparable expression of analyzed proteins. QPCR demonstrated in patients ≤45 years a higher expression of genes that are associated with carcinogenesis (CTNNB1, STK11, CDKN2A, HGF, MET) as well as tumor suppressors that constitute an enhanced radio-sensitivity (ATM, BRCA1E2F1, FHIT).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Derogation of the WNT-CTNNB1-STK11 and CDKN2A-HGF-MET pathway can constitute the carcinogenesis, while the higher expression of radio-sensitizers ATM, BRCA1E2F1 and FHIT can explain the better OS/DSS in young patients.
authors: Technische Universität München, Hals-Nasen-Ohrenklinik und Poliklinik, 81675 München, Germany.
authors: Andreas
authors: A
authors: Knopf
authors: Technische Universität München, Hals-Nasen-Ohrenklinik und Poliklinik, 81675 München, Germany.
authors: Justine
authors: J
authors: Lempart
authors: Technische Universität München, Hals-Nasen-Ohrenklinik und Poliklinik, 81675 München, Germany.
authors: Murat
authors: M
authors: Bas
authors: Technische Universität München, Institut für Allgemeine Pathologie und Pathologische Anatomie, 81675 München, Germany.
authors: Julia
authors: J
authors: Slotta-Huspenina
authors: Technische Universität München, Hals-Nasen-Ohrenklinik und Poliklinik, 81675 München, Germany.
authors: Naglaa
authors: N
authors: Mansour
authors: Technische Universität München, Hals-Nasen-Ohrenklinik und Poliklinik, 81675 München, Germany.
authors: Marie Kristin
authors: MK
authors: Fritsche
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics*; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D016147:Genes, Tumor Suppressor; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D009857:Oncogenes; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012307:Risk Factors; D000077195:Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck; D013997:Time Factors; D014062:Tongue Neoplasms / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor
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