title: Does ethnic ancestry play a role in smoking?
abstract: The higher proportion of smokers among Black people in Brazil has been attributed to socioeconomic disparities, but genetic factors could also contribute for this finding. This study aimed at investigating associations between smoking status with genetically defined ethnic ancestry and socioeconomic features in Brazilians. Blood samples were collected from 448 volunteers (66.7% male; age: 37.1 ± 11.4 years) classified as current smokers (CS: 60.9%), former smokers (FS: 8.9%) and never smokers (NS: 30.1%). Individual interethnic admixtures were determined using a 48 insertion-deletion polymorphisms ancestry-informative-marker panel. CS showed a lower amount of European ancestry than NS (0.837 ± 0.243 X 0.883 ± 0.194, p ≤ 0.05) and FS (0.837 ± 0.243 X 0.864 ± 0.230, p ≤ 0.05), and a higher proportion of African Sub-Saharan ancestry than FS (0.128 ± 0.222 X 0.07 ± 0.174, p ≤ 0.05) and NS (0.128 ± 0.222 X 0.085 ± 0.178, p ≤ 0.05). NS reported a higher number of years in school than CS (11.2 ± 3.7 X 8.9 ± 3.8, p ≤ 0.001). CS were less common in economic Class A (30%) and more common in Class B (56.8%). In multivariate analysis, only lower number of school years and lower economic class were associated with higher chances for CS. The use of genetic molecular markers for characterizing ethnic background confirmed that socioeconomic disparities are the main determinants of higher smoking rates among Blacks in Brazil.
authors: Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil.
authors: Elisa S T
authors: ES
authors: De Souza
authors: Departamento de Genética, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil.
authors: Luiza F
authors: LF
authors: De Araújo
authors: Departamento de Patologia, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brasil.
authors: Dayse O
authors: DO
authors: De Alencar
authors: Departamento de Patologia, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brasil.
authors: Sidney E B
authors: SE
authors: Dos Santos
authors: Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil.
authors: Wilson A
authors: WA
authors: Silva
authors: Departamento de Genética, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil.
authors: Cristiane A
authors: CA
authors: Ferreira
authors: Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil.
authors: José
authors: J
authors: Baddini-Martinez
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D044467:American Indian or Alaska Native; D044383:Black People; D001938:Brazil / Q000208:ethnology; D065637:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2A6 / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D005819:Genetic Markers / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000235:genetics; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D044465:White People
chemical_list: D005819:Genetic Markers; C585710:CYP2A6 protein, human; D065637:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2A6