title: Factors influencing the severity of pain during hysterosalpingography.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyze factors influencing the severity of pain during hysterosalpingography (HSG).
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective randomized study was performed among women with ongoing infertility undergoing HSG at a center in Poland between March and September 2013. The patients were assigned by random draw to receive 0.1g ketoprofen or 2.5g metamizole intravenously. Patients and physicians performing HSG were masked to assignment, but the healthcare workers who administered analgesics were not. Pain was assessed by a visual analogue scale (VAS) during and after the HSG procedure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 80 women were assigned to ketoprofen and 89 were assigned to metamizole. There were no significant differences in VAS scores with regard to the administered analgesic, patient age, duration of infertility, medical history (previous delivery, abdominal surgery), or type of infertility. However, women who went on to have abnormal HSG results had higher VAS scores at time of contrast instillation and 30minutes after the procedure than did those who had confirmed bilateral patency of the tubes (P≤0.03 for both).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  An abnormal HSG result seems to be the main factor influencing the sensation of pain perceived by patients during the procedure.
authors: First Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
authors: Iwona
authors: I
authors: Szymusik
authors: First Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland. Electronic address: barbara.grzechocinska@wum.edu.pl.
authors: Barbara
authors: B
authors: Grzechocińska
authors: First Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
authors: Piotr
authors: P
authors: Marianowski
authors: Department of Medical Informatics and Telemedicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
authors: Bartosz
authors: B
authors: Kaczyński
authors: First Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
authors: Miroslaw
authors: M
authors: Wielgoś
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000700:Analgesics / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004177:Dipyrone / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005187:Fallopian Tubes / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007047:Hysterosalpingography / Q000009:adverse effects*; D007247:Infertility, Female; D007660:Ketoprofen / Q000008:administration & dosage; D010146:Pain / Q000209:etiology*; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000187:drug effects; D011044:Poland; D011446:Prospective Studies
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D004177:Dipyrone; D007660:Ketoprofen
keywords: Analgesic; Hysterosalpingography; Infertility; Pain; Tubal patency; Visual analog scale