title: Cost and effectiveness of an eye care adherence program for Philadelphia children with significant visual impairment.
abstract: The follow-up rate among children with vision problems in the authors' outreach programs has been <5%. The authors therefore developed a social worker (SW) intervention, the Children's Eye Care Adherence Program (CECAP), for Philadelphia school children. The objective of this study was to measure CECAP's effectiveness and cost, as well as to identify barriers to care through a conceptual framework and geomapping software. A SW reviewed records to identify children needing follow-up and phoned families to identify and resolve barriers to eye care and scheduled appointments. Effectiveness was defined as the percent completing ≥ 1 follow-up visit within the physician-recommended time frame. Cost was measured for SW time (SW wage rates+benefits) and additional materials (forms, postage, phone charges). Barriers were organized into a conceptual framework depicting predisposing factors, system factors, and financial factors. Geomapping software was used to illustrate follow-up rates. In all, 120 patients required additional pediatric ophthalmic care; 71 patients were contacted and returned for care (59.2%); 49 patients were contacted but did not return (40.8%). SW time was 3h rs/patient for those who returned and 2 hrs/patient for those who did not return. Based on the CECAP program total cost ($14,249) and the reimbursement payment ($6265.66), the net cost of the CECAP program was $7983.59. Predisposing factors were the primary barrier theme for patients who did not follow up. CECAP significantly improved adherence to eye care but comes at an additional cost. Future efforts should focus on reducing operational efficiencies and targeting CECAP based on predictors of follow-up.
authors: 1Jefferson School of Pharmacy, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
authors: Laura T
authors: LT
authors: Pizzi
authors: 2Pediatric Ophthalmology and Ocular Genetics, Wills Eye Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
authors: Melanie
authors: M
authors: Snitzer
authors: 3Jefferson School of Population Health, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
authors: Tony
authors: T
authors: Amos
authors: 1Jefferson School of Pharmacy, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
authors: Katherine M
authors: KM
authors: Prioli
authors: 1Jefferson School of Pharmacy, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
authors: Deon
authors: D
authors: Steele
authors: 2Pediatric Ophthalmology and Ocular Genetics, Wills Eye Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
authors: Alex V
authors: AV
authors: Levin
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003159:Community-Institutional Relations; D003266:Continuity of Patient Care / Q000191:economics* / Q000458:organization & administration*; D017281:Cost of Illness; D040362:Geographic Information Systems; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D010349:Patient Compliance / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D015143:Philadelphia; D000068217:Social Workers; D014786:Vision Disorders / Q000191:economics* / Q000628:therapy*