title: Structure-activity relationships of sulfated glycoproteins from Codium fragile on nitric oxide releasing capacity from RAW264.7 Cells.
abstract: The effects of sulfate and protein contents as well as molecular weights of the sulfated glycoproteins (NF2) from Codium fragile on the immunomodulation were systematically investigated. The obtained NF2 derivatives displayed various amounts of proteins (2.3-8.7 %) and sulfates (4.3-8.1 %) as well as different molecular weights (47.3-128.0 × 10(3) g/mol). NF2 was not able to stimulate RAW264.7 cells to release NO without its protein moiety, which was essential to activate NF-κB pathway through the degradation and phosphorylation of IκB-α and the subsequent translocation of p65/p50 complex in the cell nucleus. In addition, the proteins in NF2 were required to trigger MAPK pathway for the phosphorylation of ERK1/2, p38, and JNK1/2 as well as the nuclear translocation of c-JUN and c-FOS. However, the protein moiety itself could not activate RAW264.7 cells, thus the complex formation of the polysaccharide and protein moieties in NF2 was pivotal to stimulate macrophage cells.
authors: Department of Marine Food Science and Technology, Gangneung-Wonju National University, 120 Gangneungdaehangno, Gangneung, Gangwon, 210-702, South Korea.
authors: Mehdi
authors: M
authors: Tabarsa
authors: Geun-Mook
authors: GM
authors: Park
authors: Il-Shik
authors: IS
authors: Shin
authors: EunJung
authors: E
authors: Lee
authors: Jin-Kyung
authors: JK
authors: Kim
authors: SangGuan
authors: S
authors: You
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D000460:Chlorophyta / Q000737:chemistry*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051550:I-kappa B Kinase / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D048670:MAP Kinase Kinase 4 / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3 / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D052002:NF-kappa B p50 Subunit / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000819:agonists* / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000276:immunology; D016760:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D013431:Sulfates; D051996:Transcription Factor RelA / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D006023:Glycoproteins; D007155:Immunologic Factors; D016328:NF-kappa B; D052002:NF-kappa B p50 Subunit; D016760:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos; C498144:Rela protein, mouse; D013431:Sulfates; D051996:Transcription Factor RelA; D009569:Nitric Oxide; C496564:Chuk protein, mouse; D051550:I-kappa B Kinase; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; C535148:Mapk1 protein, mouse; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D048670:MAP Kinase Kinase 4
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