title: Multi-walled carbon nanotubes promote cementoblast differentiation and mineralization through the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway.
abstract: Excretion of cementum by cementoblasts on the root surface is a process indispensable for the formation of a functional periodontal ligament. This study investigated whether carboxyl group-functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT-COOH) could enhance differentiation and mineralization of mammalian cementoblasts (OCCM-30) and the possible signaling pathway involved in this process. Cementoblasts were incubated with various doses of MWCNT-COOH suspension. Cell viability was detected, and a scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observed both the nanomaterials and the growth of cells cultured with the materials. Alizarin red staining was used to investigate the formation of calcium deposits. Real-time PCR and western blot were used to detect cementoblast differentiation and the underlying mechanisms through the expression of the osteogenic genes and the downstream effectors of the TGF-β/Smad signaling. The results showed that 5 µg/mL MWCNT-COOH had the most obvious effects on promoting differentiation without significant toxicity. Alp, Ocn, Bsp, Opn, Col1 and Runx2 gene expression was up-regulated. Smad2 and Smad3 mRNA was up-regulated, while Smad7 was first down-regulated on Day 3 and later up-regulated on Day 7. The elevated levels of phospho-Smad2/3 were also confirmed by western blot. In sum, the MWCNT-COOH promoted cementoblast differentiation and mineralization, at least partially, through interactions with the TGF-β/Smad pathway.
authors: State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China. 2013324030048@stu.scu.edu.cn.
authors: Lu
authors: L
authors: Li
authors: State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China. zzhimin@163.com.
authors: Zhimin
authors: Z
authors: Zhu
authors: State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China. zhangao0917@gmail.com.
authors: Weixiong
authors: W
authors: Xiao
authors: State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China. leelei@scu.edu.cn.
authors: Lei
authors: L
authors: Li
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002113:Calcification, Physiologic / Q000235:genetics; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000235:genetics; D002461:Cell Line, Transformed; D002470:Cell Survival; D003739:Dental Cementum / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D015870:Gene Expression; D051379:Mice; D037742:Nanotubes, Carbon / Q000633:toxicity / Q000648:ultrastructure; D015398:Signal Transduction; D051785:Smad Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D037742:Nanotubes, Carbon; D051785:Smad Proteins; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta
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