title: Extraparenchymal Bile/Pancreatic Ducts and Duodenal Papillae: Pathologic Evaluation in Nonclinical Species--A Brief Review.
abstract: This review focuses on the anatomy, histologic preparation, and pathologic evaluation of extraparenchymal bile and pancreatic ducts (BPDs) and their openings at the duodenal papillae in the cynomolgus macaque (Macaca fascicularis), the Beagle dog (Canis familiaris), the Wistar Hanover rat (Rattus norvegicus), and the CD1 mouse (Mus musculus). In nonclinical safety assessment, intraparenchymal BPDs (with sections of liver and pancreas, respectively) are evaluated routinely. However, detailed evaluation of the extraparenchymal BPDs or the duodenal papillae is not included. In the context of nonclinical safety assessment studies, this review describes situations in which evaluation of extraparenchymal ductal structures and duodenal papillae may be useful in characterizing test article-related changes; elucidates anatomic similarities between human, macaque, and dog and notable differences in rats and mice; and consolidates the information required for the histopathologic evaluation of these tissues.
authors: Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, East Hanover, New Jersey, USA kapil.vashisht@novartis.com.
authors: Kapil
authors: K
authors: Vashisht
authors: Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, East Hanover, New Jersey, USA.
authors: Sherry L
authors: SL
authors: Nady
authors: Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, East Hanover, New Jersey, USA.
authors: Rita D
authors: RD
authors: Engler
authors: Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, East Hanover, New Jersey, USA.
authors: Brian K
authors: BK
authors: Kelsch
authors: Covance Laboratories, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
authors: Susan N
authors: SN
authors: Lynk
authors: Covance Laboratories, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
authors: Benjamin R
authors: BR
authors: Cape
authors: Covance Laboratories, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
authors: Guenther
authors: G
authors: Hoffmann
authors: Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, East Hanover, New Jersey, USA.
authors: Emily K
authors: EK
authors: Meseck
authors: Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, East Hanover, New Jersey, USA.
authors: Robert C
authors: RC
authors: Johnson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001652:Bile Ducts / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000473:pathology*; D004285:Dogs; D004386:Duodenum / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000473:pathology*; D008251:Macaca; D051379:Mice; D010183:Pancreatic Ducts / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000473:pathology*; D010336:Pathology / Q000379:methods; D051381:Rats; D018675:Toxicity Tests
keywords: anatomy; bile duct; dog; duodenal papillae; extraparenchymal; histology; macaque; mouse; pancreatic duct; pathology; rat