title: Increased vitreous concentrations of MCP-1 and IL-6 after vitrectomy in patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy: possible association with postoperative macular oedema.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether vitreal concentrations of MCP-1, IL-6 and IL-8 are altered after vitrectomy in patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) and to investigate whether the altered levels of these cytokines are associated with postoperative macular oedema.
  
  
  METHODS
  Vitreous samples were collected from 36 eyes of 33 patients with PDR before pars plana vitrectomy without intraocular lens (IOL) implantation, and also from the same 36 eyes during IOL implantation surgery approximately 7 months after the initial vitrectomy. Levels of MCP-1, IL-6, IL-8 and vascular endothelial growth factor were measured by flow cytometry using cytometric bead array (CBA) technology.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean vitreous levels of MCP-1, IL-6 and IL-8 in the samples collected before vitrectomy were significantly higher in patients with PDR than in control patients (p<0.0001). The levels of MCP-1 and IL-6 in the samples collected at the time of IOL implantation were significantly higher than those collected before vitrectomy (p<0.05). In contrast, the level of IL-8 was significantly lower after vitrectomy (p<0.05). The levels of IL-6 and IL-8, but not MCP-1, in the vitreous from eyes with PDR were inversely correlated with the interval between the initial vitrectomy and the time of implantation surgery. Among the vitrectomised patients, the mean vitreous level of MCP-1 in eyes with diabetic macular oedema (DME) was significantly higher than in those without DME (p=0.028).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The elevated levels of MCP-1 and IL-6 may indicate prolonged inflammation even after successful vitrectomy, which can cause postoperative DME.
authors: Department of Ophthalmology, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors: Shigeo
authors: S
authors: Yoshida
authors: Department of Ophthalmology, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors: Yuki
authors: Y
authors: Kubo
authors: Department of Ophthalmology, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors: Yoshiyuki
authors: Y
authors: Kobayashi
authors: Department of Ophthalmology, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors: Yedi
authors: Y
authors: Zhou
authors: Department of Ophthalmology, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors: Takahito
authors: T
authors: Nakama
authors: Department of Ophthalmology, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors: Muneo
authors: M
authors: Yamaguchi
authors: Department of Ophthalmology, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors: Takashi
authors: T
authors: Tachibana
authors: Department of Ophthalmology, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors: Keijiro
authors: K
authors: Ishikawa
authors: Department of Ophthalmology, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors: Ryoichi
authors: R
authors: Arita
authors: Department of Ophthalmology, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors: Shintaro
authors: S
authors: Nakao
authors: Department of Ophthalmology, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan Department of Ophthalmology, Fukuoka University Chikushi Hospital, Chikushino, Japan.
authors: Yukio
authors: Y
authors: Sassa
authors: Department of Ophthalmology, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors: Yuji
authors: Y
authors: Oshima
authors: Department of Ophthalmology, Fukuoka University Chikushi Hospital, Chikushino, Japan.
authors: Toshihiro
authors: T
authors: Kono
authors: Department of Ophthalmology, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors: Tatsuro
authors: T
authors: Ishibashi
mesh_terms: D018932:Chemokine CCL2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D003930:Diabetic Retinopathy / Q000378:metabolism / Q000601:surgery*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006801:Humans; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism*; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000378:metabolism; D019654:Lens Implantation, Intraocular; D008269:Macular Edema / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018918:Phacoemulsification; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000378:metabolism; D014792:Visual Acuity; D014821:Vitrectomy; D014822:Vitreous Body / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: C111835:CCL2 protein, human; C508606:CXCL8 protein, human; D018932:Chemokine CCL2; C508600:IL6 protein, human; D015850:Interleukin-6; D016209:Interleukin-8; C467484:VEGFA protein, human; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A
keywords: Inflammation; Treatment Surgery; Vitreous