title: Pollutants bioavailability and toxicological risk from microplastics to marine mussels.
abstract: Microplastics represent a growing environmental concern for the oceans due to their potential of adsorbing chemical pollutants, thus representing a still unexplored source of exposure for aquatic organisms. In this study polyethylene (PE) and polystyrene (PS) microplastics were shown to adsorb pyrene with a time and dose-dependent relationship. Results also indicated a marked capability of contaminated microplastics to transfer this model PAH to exposed mussels Mytilus galloprovincialis; tissue localization of microplastics occurred in haemolymph, gills and especially digestive tissues where a marked accumulation of pyrene was also observed. Cellular effects included alterations of immunological responses, lysosomal compartment, peroxisomal proliferation, antioxidant system, neurotoxic effects, onset of genotoxicity; changes in gene expression profile was also demonstrated through a new DNA microarray platform. The study provided the evidence that microplastics adsorb PAHs, emphasizing an elevated bioavailability of these chemicals after the ingestion, and the toxicological implications due to responsiveness of several molecular and cellular pathways to microplastics.
authors: Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente (DiSVA), Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy.
authors: Carlo Giacomo
authors: CG
authors: Avio
authors: Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente (DiSVA), Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy.
authors: Stefania
authors: S
authors: Gorbi
authors: Dipartimento di Biomedicina Comparata e Alimentazione (BCA), Università di Padova, Italy.
authors: Massimo
authors: M
authors: Milan
authors: Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente (DiSVA), Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy.
authors: Maura
authors: M
authors: Benedetti
authors: Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente (DiSVA), Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy.
authors: Daniele
authors: D
authors: Fattorini
authors: Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente (DiSVA), Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy.
authors: Giuseppe
authors: G
authors: d'Errico
authors: Dipartimento di Biomedicina Comparata e Alimentazione (BCA), Università di Padova, Italy.
authors: Marianna
authors: M
authors: Pauletto
authors: Dipartimento di Biomedicina Comparata e Alimentazione (BCA), Università di Padova, Italy.
authors: Luca
authors: L
authors: Bargelloni
authors: Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente (DiSVA), Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy. Electronic address: f.regoli@univpm.it.
authors: Francesco
authors: F
authors: Regoli
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D059001:Aquatic Organisms; D049872:Bivalvia / Q000378:metabolism*; D004249:DNA Damage; D005880:Gills / Q000378:metabolism; D015386:Hazardous Substances / Q000378:metabolism; D049878:Mytilus / Q000378:metabolism; D009792:Oceans and Seas; D010969:Plastics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000633:toxicity; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons / Q000378:metabolism; D018570:Risk Assessment; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D015386:Hazardous Substances; D010969:Plastics; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical
keywords: Bioavailability; Biomarkers; Microplastic; Mussels; PAHs; Transcriptomics