title: Volumetric cutaneous microangiography of human skinin vivoby VCSEL swept-source optical coherence tomography.
abstract: Three-dimensional (3D) assessment of cutaneous microcirculation in human skin is essential in the identification of disease states in skin or other organs. Few 3D imaging techniques have revealed the skin micro-vasculatures non-invasively and with sufficient imaging depth. Here, we demonstrate volumetric cutaneous microangiography of the human skinin vivothat utilizes a 1.3 µm high-speed swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT). The swept source is based on a MEMS tunable vertical cavity surface emission laser (VCSEL) that is advantageous in terms of long coherence length over 50 mm and 100 nm spectral bandwidth that enables the visualization of microstructures within a few mm from the skin surface. We show that skin microvasculature can be delineated in 3D SS-OCT images using ultrahigh-sensitive optical microangiography (UHS-OMAG) with a correlation mapping mask, providing a contrast enhanced blood perfusion map with capillary flow sensitivity. 3D microangiograms of a healthy human finger are shown with distinct cutaneous vessel architectures from different dermal layers and even within hypodermis. These findings suggest that the OCT microangiography could be a beneficial biomedical assay to assess cutaneous vascular functions in clinic.
authors: University of Washington, Department of Bioengineering, Seattle, Washington 98195.
authors: Woo June
authors: WJ
authors: Choi
authors: University of Washington, Department of Bioengineering, Seattle, Washington 98195.
authors: Ruikang K
authors: RK
authors: Wang
keywords: Cutaneous microcirculation; correlation mapping optical coherence tomography; swept-source optical coherence tomography; ultrahigh-sensitive optical microangiography; vertical cavity surface emission laser
references: Opt Express. 2010 Apr 12;18(8):8220-8
references: 20588668
references: J Investig Dermatol Symp Proc. 2000 Dec;5(1):3-9
references: 11147672
references: Quant Imaging Med Surg. 2013 Feb;3(1):5-17
references: 23482880
references: Opt Express. 2007 Sep 3;15(18):11402-12
references: 19547498
references: Opt Express. 2006 Oct 2;14(20):9317-23
references: 19529315
references: Nat Med. 2009 Oct;15(10):1219-23
references: 19749772
references: Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2003 Nov;44(11):4960-7
references: 14578423
references: Quant Imaging Med Surg. 2012 Sep;2(3):207-12
references: 23256081
references: J Biomed Opt. 2011 May;16(5):050503
references: 21639559
references: Opt Express. 2007 Apr 2;15(7):4083-97
references: 19532651
references: Opt Lett. 2010 Jan 1;35(1):1-3
references: 20664653
references: Opt Lett. 2010 May 1;35(9):1467-9
references: 20436605
references: Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2014 Feb 20;55(2):1024-30
references: 24458155
references: Phys Med Biol. 2006 Jun 21;51(12):3231-9
references: 16757873
references: Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2012 Jan 05;53(1):85-92
references: 22125275
references: Nat Med. 2003 Jun;9(6):713-25
references: 12778170
references: Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2003 Sep;61(3):155-60
references: 12965104
references: J Biomed Opt. 2013 Oct;18(10):106015
references: 24165741
references: Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 1998 Nov;81(5):428-30
references: 9860035
references: Opt Express. 2009 May 25;17(11):8926-40
references: 19466142
references: J Biomed Opt. 2014 Mar;19(3):36010
references: 24623159
references: Int J Dermatol. 1999 Oct;38(10):757-64
references: 10561047
references: Opt Lett. 2010 May 15;35(10 ):1521-3
references: 20479795
references: Diabetes Care. 1998 Aug;21(8):1339-44
references: 9702444
references: Rheumatology (Oxford). 2006 Oct;45 Suppl 4:iv43-6
references: 16980724
references: Opt Express. 2008 Jul 21;16(15):11438-52
references: 18648464
references: IEEE Trans Med Imaging. 2011 Feb;30(2):224-30
references: 20813632
references: Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 2008 Sep-Oct;51(2):161-70
references: 18774014
references: J Biomed Opt. 2010 Mar-Apr;15(2):026011
references: 20459256
references: J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2012 Jul;32(7):1277-309
references: 22293983
references: Quant Imaging Med Surg. 2013 Oct;3(5):235-42
references: 24273740
references: Nat Med. 2011 Feb;17(2):223-8
references: 21240263
references: Opt Lett. 2008 Jul 1;33(13):1530-2
references: 18594688
references: J Appl Physiol (1985). 2008 Jul;105(1):370-2
references: 17932300
references: Biomed Opt Express. 2011 Apr 13;2(5):1184-93
references: 21559130