title: Corpus callosum atrophy rate in mild cognitive impairment and prodromal Alzheimer's disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Corpus callosum (CC) size and shape have been previously studied in Alzheimer's disease (AD) with the majority of studies having been cross-sectional. Due to the large variance in normal CC morphology, cross-sectional studies are limited in statistical power. Determining individual rates of change requires longitudinal data. Physiological changes are particularly relevant in mild cognitive impairment (MCI), in which CC morphology has not been previously studied longitudinally.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To study temporal rates of change in CC morphology in MCI patients over a one-year period, and to determine whether these rates differ between MCI subjects who converted to AD (MCI-C) and those who did not (MCI-NC) over an average (±SD) observation period of 5.4 (±1.6) years.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used a novel multi-atlas based algorithm to segment the mid-sagittal cross-sectional area of the CC in longitudinal MRI scans. Rates of change of CC circularity, total area, and five sub-areas were compared between 57 MCI-NC and 81 MCI-C subjects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The CC became less circular (-0.89% per year in MCI-NC, -1.85% per year in MCI-C) with time, with faster decline in MCI-C (p = 0.0002). In females, atrophy rates were higher in MCI-C relative to MCI-NC in total CC area (p = 0.0006), genu/rostrum (p = 0.005), and splenium (0.002). In males, these rates did not differ between groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A greater than normal decline in CC circularity was shown to be an indicator of prodromal AD in MCI subjects. This measure is potentially useful as an imaging biomarker of disease and a therapeutic target in clinical trials.
authors: The Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, USA.
authors: Sahar
authors: S
authors: Elahi
authors: The Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, USA.
authors: Alvin H
authors: AH
authors: Bachman
authors: The Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, USA.
authors: Sang Han
authors: SH
authors: Lee
authors: The Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, USA Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
authors: John J
authors: JJ
authors: Sidtis
authors: The Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, USA Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
authors: Babak A
authors: BA
authors: Ardekani
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000473:pathology*; D001284:Atrophy; D060825:Cognitive Dysfunction / Q000473:pathology*; D003337:Corpus Callosum / Q000473:pathology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D062706:Prodromal Symptoms; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric
keywords: Alzheimer's disease; brain; circularity; corpus callosum; magnetic resonance imaging; mild cognitive impairment; shape analysis
references: Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc. 2008;2008:5514-7
references: 19163966
references: J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2002 Jul;73(1):59-61
references: 12082047
references: Neurology. 2010 Apr 6;74(14):1136-42
references: 20368633
references: J Alzheimers Dis. 2014;39(1):71-8
references: 24121963
references: Brain. 2014 Apr;137(Pt 4):1167-75
references: 24578544
references: J Neurol Sci. 2011 Aug 15;307(1-2):100-5
references: 21621224
references: Brain Struct Funct. 2014 Jan;219(1):343-52
references: 23322167
references: Folia Neuropathol. 1995;33(1):25-9
references: 8673416
references: Cereb Cortex. 2013 Oct;23(10):2514-20
references: 22891036
references: Brain Res. 1992 Dec 11;598(1-2):143-53
references: 1486477
references: Arch Neurol. 1998 Feb;55(2):193-8
references: 9482361
references: Curr Alzheimer Res. 2009 Aug;6(4):347-61
references: 19689234
references: Neurology. 1999 Apr 22;52(7):1397-403
references: 10227624
references: Neuroimage. 2006 Sep;32(3):989-94
references: 16854598
references: J Int Neuropsychol Soc. 2008 May;14(3):414-23
references: 18419840
references: Alzheimers Dement. 2013 May;9(3):332-7
references: 23110865
references: J Neurol Sci. 1999 Jan 1;162(1):51-5
references: 10064168
references: Am J Psychiatry. 1995 Dec;152(12):1757-64
references: 8526242
references: Br J Psychiatry. 2014 Jan;204(1):55-60
references: 24202961
references: Alzheimers Dement. 2005 Jul;1(1):55-66
references: 17476317
references: Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2009 Jul;1169:205-8
references: 19673782
references: J Am Geriatr Soc. 1996 Jul;44(7):798-803
references: 8675927
references: Arch Neurol. 1999 Mar;56(3):303-8
references: 10190820
references: Science. 1981 Apr 17;212(4492):344-6
references: 6782673
references: Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 1999;249(6):305-12
references: 10653287
references: Brain Res. 1991 Apr 5;545(1-2):175-82
references: 1860044
references: Acad Radiol. 2012 May;19(5):512-7
references: 22342652
references: IEEE Trans Med Imaging. 1997 Dec;16(6):947-52
references: 9533596
references: Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord. 2006;21(4):215-20
references: 16415572
references: J Neurosci Methods. 2014 Jan 15;221:78-84
references: 24121089
references: J Neurosci Methods. 2005 Mar 15;142(1):67-76
references: 15652618
references: Arch Neurol. 2002 Feb;59(2):243-8
references: 11843695
references: Hum Brain Mapp. 2009 Aug;30(8):2656-66
references: 19067325
references: Proc SPIE Int Soc Opt Eng. 2012 Mar 23;8317:null
references: 24353382
references: Neurobiol Aging. 2006 Nov;27(11):1613-7
references: 16271806
references: J Cogn Neurosci. 2010 Dec;22(12):2677-84
references: 19929323
references: Arch Neurol. 1993 Oct;50(10):1070-4
references: 8215966
references: J Neural Transm (Vienna). 2002 May;109(5-6):837-55
references: 12111472
references: Neuroimage. 2010 Jan 1;49(1):141-9
references: 19643188
references: J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2001 Oct;71(4):441-7
references: 11561025
references: Neurodegener Dis. 2011;8(6):476-82
references: 21659724
references: Schizophr Res. 2008 Aug;103(1-3):1-10
references: 18562178
references: Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 1996 Jun;20(4):752-7
references: 8800395
references: Cereb Cortex. 2002 Apr;12(4):438-45
references: 11884358
references: JAMA. 1995 Apr 26;273(16):1274-8
references: 7646655
references: Neurology. 2010 Jan 19;74(3):201-9
references: 20042704
references: PLoS One. 2012;7(11):e50101
references: 23166826
references: Exp Brain Res. 2006 Oct;174(4):728-33
references: 16944115
references: J Neuropathol Exp Neurol. 1985 Nov;44(6):578-91
references: 4056827
references: Arch Neurol. 2000 May;57(5):675-80
references: 10815133
references: Expert Rev Neurother. 2011 Nov;11(11):1557-60
references: 22014133
references: J Magn Reson Imaging. 2008 Apr;27(4):685-91
references: 18302232
references: J Neurol Sci. 1997 Mar 10;146(2):145-51
references: 9077511
references: Front Neuroinform. 2012 Sep 12;6:25
references: 22988433
references: Arch Neurol. 2001 Mar;58(3):397-405
references: 11255443
references: PLoS One. 2011;6(10):e25074
references: 22022375
references: Neuroimage. 2009 Jul 1;46(3):677-82
references: 19264138
references: Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord. 2014;37(3-4):214-22
references: 24193144
references: Psychol Bull. 1994 Sep;116(2):195-219
references: 7972590
references: Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc. 2013;2013:5111-4
references: 24110885
references: J Neurol. 2004 Apr;251(4):398-406
references: 15083283
references: Neurobiol Aging. 2011 Dec;32(12):2322.e19-27
references: 20594615
references: Neurology. 1996 Mar;46(3):661-5
references: 8618663