title: What is expected from a facial trauma caused by violence?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this retrospective study was to compare the peculiarities of maxillofacial injuries caused by interpersonal violence with other etiologic factors.
  
  
  METHODS
  Medical records of 3,724 patients with maxillofacial injuries in São Paulo state (Brazil) were retrospectively analyzed. The data were submitted to statistical analysis (simple descriptive statistics and Chi-squared test) using SPSS 18.0 software.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Data of 612 patients with facial injuries caused by violence were analyzed. The majority of the patients were male (81%; n = 496), with a mean age of 31.28 years (standard deviation of 13.33 years). These patients were more affected by mandibular and nose fractures, when compared with all other patients (P < 0.01), although fewer injuries were recorded in other body parts (χ(2) = 17.54; P < 0.01); Victims of interpersonal violence exhibited more injuries when the neurocranium was analyzed in isolation (χ(2) = 6.85; P < 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Facial trauma due to interpersonal violence seem to be related to a higher rate of facial fractures and lacerations when compared to all patients with facial injuries. Prominent areas of the face and neurocranium were more affected by injuries.
authors: Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, FOP-UNICAMP, Piracicaba, São Paulo Brazil.
authors: Douglas Rangel
authors: DR
authors: Goulart
authors: Piracicaba Dental School, UNICAMP, São Paulo Brazil.
authors: Lucas do Amaral
authors: Ldo A
authors: Colombo
authors: Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, FOP-UNICAMP, Piracicaba, São Paulo Brazil.
authors: Márcio
authors: M
authors: de Moraes
authors: Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, FOP-UNICAMP, Piracicaba, São Paulo Brazil.
authors: Luciana
authors: L
authors: Asprino
keywords: aggression; epidemiology; mandibular injuries; maxillofacial injuries
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