title: Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: a review.
abstract: Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a global disease with cases reported in all continents, affecting people of both genders and of various racial and ethnic origins. Widely accepted as a monogenic disease caused by a mutation in 1 of 13 or more sarcomeric genes, HCM can present catastrophically with sudden cardiac death (SCD) or ventricular arrhythmias or insidiously with symptoms of heart failure. Given the velocity of progress in both the fields of heart failure and HCM, we present a review of the approach to patients with HCM, with particular attention to those with HCM and the clinical syndrome of heart failure.
authors: Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors: Brian A
authors: BA
authors: Houston
authors: Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors: Gerin R
authors: GR
authors: Stevens
keywords: LV hypertrophy; heart failure; hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
references: J Am Coll Cardiol. 2005 Mar 15;45(6):922-30
references: 15766830
references: J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol. 2007 May;18(5):542-4
references: 17456135
references: Br Heart J. 1970 Nov;32(6):804-11
references: 5212354
references: Am J Cardiol. 2012 Aug 15;110(4):568-74
references: 22591671
references: J Am Coll Cardiol. 2005 Aug 2;46(3):470-6
references: 16053960
references: Br Heart J. 1958 Jan;20(1):1-8
references: 13499764
references: Eur J Radiol. 2010 Feb;73(2):255-9
references: 19056193
references: Orphanet J Rare Dis. 2008 May 27;3:13
references: 18505544
references: N Engl J Med. 1982 Oct 14;307(16):997-9
references: 7202121
references: Ann Thorac Surg. 2008 May;85(5):1527-35, 1535.e1-2
references: 18442532
references: ASAIO J. 2013 Mar-Apr;59(2):183-7
references: 23438784
references: Rev Cardiovasc Med. 2011;12(4):200-10
references: 22249510
references: Heart. 2006 Feb;92(2):149-51
references: 16216866
references: J Am Coll Cardiol. 2011 Dec 13;58(25):2703-38
references: 22075468
references: J Am Coll Cardiol. 2007 Jan 23;49(3):350-7
references: 17239717
references: Circ Heart Fail. 2014 Jan;7(1):104-15
references: 24249049
references: Int J Cardiol. 2007 Apr 25;117(2):222-6
references: 16844244
references: Arch Dis Child. 1984 Oct;59(10):971-5
references: 6541894
references: Circ J. 2005 Oct;69(10):1244-8
references: 16195625
references: Circulation. 2004 Aug 31;110(9):1047-53
references: 15313943
references: J Am Coll Cardiol. 2009 Apr 14;53(15):e1-e90
references: 19358937
references: Eur Heart J. 2014 Aug 7;35(30):2010-20
references: 24126876
references: Am J Med. 2004 Jan 1;116(1):63-5
references: 14706671
references: Circ Heart Fail. 2011 May;4(3):266-75
references: 21303989
references: Circulation. 1967 May;35(5):847-51
references: 6067064
references: Circulation. 1992 Nov;86(5 Suppl):II60-7
references: 1424035
references: Circulation. 1998 Apr 14;97(14):1342-7
references: 9577944
references: J Am Coll Cardiol. 2004 Jul 21;44(2):398-405
references: 15261938
references: J Cardiovasc Transl Res. 2009 Dec;2(4):341-8
references: 20559993
references: Circulation. 2001 Nov 20;104(21):2517-24
references: 11714644
references: Circulation. 1964 Nov;30:SUPPL 4:3-119
references: 14227306
references: Circulation. 2004 Mar 16;109(10):1284-91
references: 14993121
references: Respir Res. 2014 Feb 07;15:15
references: 24506975
references: J Am Coll Cardiol. 2005 Aug 2;46(3):480-7
references: 16053962
references: Heart. 2007 Jun;93(6):708-10
references: 17502652
references: Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012 May 16;(5):CD008523
references: 22592731
references: J Med Genet. 2005 Oct;42(10):e59
references: 16199542
references: N Engl J Med. 1996 Oct 17;335(16):1169-75
references: 8815938
references: Lancet. 2013 Jan 19;381(9862):242-55
references: 22874472
references: J Am Coll Cardiol. 2003 Nov 5;42(9):1687-713
references: 14607462
references: N Engl J Med. 2003 Jan 23;348(4):295-303
references: 12540642
references: Eur Heart J. 2012 Jul;33(14):1724-33
references: 22719025
references: J Am Coll Cardiol. 1993 Oct;22(4):1189-92
references: 8409059
references: Br Heart J. 1979 Jul;42(1):35-42
references: 573129
references: Circ Heart Fail. 2010 May;3(3):362-9
references: 20332420
references: J Am Coll Cardiol. 1996 Jul;28(1):197-202
references: 8752814
references: J Card Fail. 2010 Dec;16(12):950-6
references: 21111984
references: N Engl J Med. 2005 Jan 27;352(4):362-72
references: 15673802
references: Circulation. 2006 Nov 21;114(21):2232-9
references: 17088454
references: Heart Rhythm. 2011 Feb;8(2):221-7
references: 20951231
references: Ann Intern Med. 2003 Feb 18;138(4):338-46
references: 12585833
references: JAMA. 2002 Mar 13;287(10):1308-20
references: 11886323
references: Eur J Heart Fail. 2010 May;12(5):434-43
references: 20172939
references: J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol. 2008 Jan;19(1):104-10
references: 17916152
references: Am J Cardiol. 2013 Jul 1;112(1):8-13
references: 23558043
references: J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst. 2011 Dec;12(4):521-30
references: 21507890
references: J Am Coll Cardiol. 1993 Jun;21(7):1672-9
references: 8496536
references: J Am Coll Cardiol. 2005 Nov 1;46(9):1737-43
references: 16256878
references: J Am Coll Cardiol. 1995 Sep;26(3):768-75
references: 7642872
references: JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2012 Apr;5(4):370-7
references: 22498326
references: Eur J Hum Genet. 2010 Jan;18(1):8-14
references: 19550435
references: Circulation. 1995 Aug 15;92 (4):785-9
references: 7641357
references: Am J Cardiol. 2005 Dec 1;96(11):1563-7
references: 16310441
references: Circulation. 2010 Oct 19;122(16):1562-9
references: 20921440
references: Circulation. 1997 Sep 2;96(5):1701
references: 9315567
references: Int Heart J. 2007 Nov;48(6):715-24
references: 18160763
references: Circ Res. 2012 Mar 16;110(6):841-50
references: 22343711
references: J Am Coll Cardiol. 2003 Mar 19;41(6):974-80
references: 12651044
references: J Mol Diagn. 2009 Jan;11(1):35-41
references: 19074594
references: N Engl J Med. 1997 Mar 13;336(11):775-85
references: 9052657
references: Circulation. 2004 Mar 2;109 (8):984-9
references: 14967727
references: J Am Coll Cardiol. 1990 May;15(6):1279-85
references: 2329232
references: Circulation. 1974 Aug;50(2 Suppl):II181-8
references: 4276504
references: J Am Coll Cardiol. 2010 Apr 27;55(17):1769-79
references: 20413025
references: Circulation. 2001 Feb 13;103(6):789-91
references: 11171784
references: Am J Cardiol. 2005 Jun 1;95(11):1329-33
references: 15904638
references: Am J Cardiol. 2010 Jul 15;106(2):261-7
references: 20599013
references: Basic Res Cardiol. 1999 Feb;94(1):49-59
references: 10097830
references: Lancet. 2013 Apr 27;381(9876):1457-8
references: 23622278
references: Circulation. 1968 Nov;38(5):846-58
references: 4177137
references: J Am Coll Cardiol. 2009 Jul 14;54(3):220-8
references: 19589434
references: Circulation. 2010 Dec 7;122(23):2441-9; discussion 2450
references: 21135372
references: Eur Heart J. 2013 Aug;34(29):2263-70
references: 23536611
references: Eur J Heart Fail. 2008 May;10 (5):507-13
references: 18406204
references: Circulation. 2008 Oct 7;118(15):1541-9
references: 18809796
references: Circulation. 1995 Oct 1;92(7):1680-92
references: 7671349
references: Circulation. 1959 Aug;20(2):181-9
references: 13671704
references: Circulation. 2006 Oct 10;114(15):1633-44
references: 17030703
references: Eur Heart J. 2014 Oct 14;35(39):2733-79
references: 25173338
references: J Am Coll Cardiol. 2013 Oct 1;62(14):1252-9
references: 23623916
references: Hepatology. 2011 Jul;54(1):328-43
references: 21452290
references: Am J Cardiol. 2008 Feb 1;101(3):387-92
references: 18237606
references: J Am Coll Cardiol. 2005 Apr 19;45(8):1340-5
references: 15837284
references: Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther. 2011 Aug;9(8):959-73
references: 21878041
references: Am J Cardiol. 1988 Dec 1;62(17):1248-51
references: 3195486
references: Hum Pathol. 2013 Jan;44(1):133-41
references: 22939960
references: Br Heart J. 1980 Nov;44(5):488-98
references: 7192151
references: J Am Coll Cardiol. 2009 Jul 14;54(3):229-33
references: 19589435
references: Heart. 2014 Mar;100(6):465-72
references: 24014282
references: Circulation. 2007 Dec 4;116(23 ):2702-8
references: 18025528
references: J Am Coll Cardiol. 2005 Apr 19;45(8):1251-8
references: 15837258
references: J Am Coll Cardiol. 2000 Dec;36(7):2219-25
references: 11127464
references: J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 2006 Dec;48(6):265-73
references: 17204904
references: Chin Med J (Engl). 2011 Apr;124(7):1105-8
references: 21542976
references: J Pediatr Urol. 2013 Jun;9(3):368-79
references: 23276787
references: J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol. 2008 Nov;19(11):1215-7
references: 18479334
references: Circulation. 2006 Jul 18;114(3):216-25
references: 16831987
references: N Engl J Med. 1998 Oct 22;339(17):1201-9
references: 9780340
references: Circulation. 1999 Jun 8;99(22):2927-33
references: 10359738
references: Circulation. 1995 Nov 1;92 (9 Suppl):II122-7
references: 7586394
references: J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol. 2006 Feb;17(2):207-9
references: 16533259