title: The conditioning of intervention effects on early adolescent alcohol use by maternal involvement and dopamine receptor D4 (DRD4) and serotonin transporter linked polymorphic region (5-HTTLPR) genetic variants.
abstract: Data drawn from the in-home subsample of the PROSPER intervention dissemination trial were used to investigate the moderation of intervention effects on underage alcohol use by maternal involvement and candidate genes. The primary gene examined was dopamine receptor D4 (DRD4). Variation in this gene and maternal involvement were hypothesized to moderate the influence of intervention status on alcohol use. The PROSPER data used were drawn from 28 communities randomly assigned to intervention or comparison conditions. Participating youth were assessed in five in-home interviews from sixth to ninth grades. A main effect of sixth-grade pretest maternal involvement on ninth-grade alcohol use was found. Neither intervention status nor DRD4 variation was unconditionally linked to ninth-grade drinking. However, moderation analyses revealed a significant three-way interaction among DRD4 status, maternal involvement, and intervention condition. Follow-up analyses revealed that prevention reduced drinking risk, but only for youth with at least one DRD4 seven-repeat allele who reported average or greater pretest levels of maternal involvement. To determine if this conditional pattern was limited to the DRD4 gene, we repeated analyses using the serotonin transporter linked polymorphic region site near the serotonin transporter gene. The results for this supplemental analysis revealed a significant three-way interaction similar but not identical to that found for DRD4.
authors: Pennsylvania State University.
authors: H Harrington
authors: HH
authors: Cleveland
authors: Pennsylvania State University.
authors: Gabriel L
authors: GL
authors: Schlomer
authors: Pennsylvania State University.
authors: David J
authors: DJ
authors: Vandenbergh
authors: Pennsylvania State University.
authors: Mark
authors: M
authors: Feinberg
authors: Pennsylvania State University.
authors: Mark
authors: M
authors: Greenberg
authors: Iowa State University.
authors: Richard
authors: R
authors: Spoth
authors: Iowa State University.
authors: Cleve
authors: C
authors: Redmond
authors: Pennsylvania State University.
authors: Mark D
authors: MD
authors: Shriver
authors: Pennsylvania State University.
authors: Arslan A
authors: AA
authors: Zaidi
authors: Pennsylvania State University.
authors: Kerry L
authors: KL
authors: Hair
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000235:genetics*; D000483:Alleles; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D005260:Female; D059647:Gene-Environment Interaction; D006580:Genetic Carrier Screening; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease / Q000235:genetics*; D014644:Genetic Variation; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009034:Mother-Child Relations; D010348:Patient Care Team; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*; D050638:Receptors, Dopamine D4 / Q000235:genetics*; D050486:Serotonin Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: C493599:DRD4 protein, human; C493230:SLC6A4 protein, human; D050486:Serotonin Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; D050638:Receptors, Dopamine D4
references: Science. 1996 Nov 29;274(5292):1527-31
references: 8929413
references: Dev Psychopathol. 2011 May;23(2):605-16
references: 23786699
references: Am J Med Genet. 1997 Sep 19;74(5):483-7
references: 9342196
references: Prev Sci. 2004 Mar;5(1):31-9
references: 15058910
references: Psychol Sci. 2008 Oct;19(10):1037-44
references: 19000215
references: EXS. 1993;67:153-75
references: 8400687
references: Mol Psychiatry. 2007 May;12(5):432-42
references: 17453060
references: J Community Psychol. 2007 Oct 25;35(8):981-999
references: 20376336
references: Dev Psychopathol. 2011 Feb;23(1):7-28
references: 21262036
references: Biol Psychiatry. 2009 Feb 1;65(3):211-9
references: 18691701
references: Biol Psychiatry. 2007 Mar 1;61(5):609-16
references: 16920076
references: Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2009 Dec;66(12):1287-9
references: 19996033
references: Science. 1908 Jul 10;28(706):49-50
references: 17779291
references: Mol Psychiatry. 1998 Sep;3(5):419-26
references: 9774775
references: Hum Mol Genet. 1993 Jun;2(6):767-73
references: 8353495
references: Pharmacogenomics J. 2003;3(6):343-8
references: 14581929
references: J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2014 Jan;55(1):69-76
references: 24102377
references: Genetics. 1988 Jul;119(3):473-6
references: 3042506
references: Dev Cogn Neurosci. 2012 Oct;2(4):417-27
references: 22727763
references: Nat Neurosci. 2005 Jun;8(6):828-34
references: 15880108
references: J Fam Psychol. 2004 Jun;18(2):293-301
references: 15222836
references: J Neurochem. 1995 Sep;65(3):1157-65
references: 7643093
references: Neuron. 2010 Dec 9;68(5):815-34
references: 21144997
references: Behav Genet. 2003 Jan;33(1):67-72
references: 12645823
references: Aust N Z J Psychiatry. 2010 Sep;44(9):774-83
references: 20815663
references: Child Dev. 2009 May-Jun;80(3):645-61
references: 19489894
references: Am J Psychiatry. 1998 Feb;155(2):207-13
references: 9464199
references: Biol Psychiatry. 2010 Feb 15;67(4):e19-20; author reply e21-3
references: 20006323
references: Addiction. 2000 Nov;95 Suppl 3:S361-80
references: 11132363
references: Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet. 2010 Mar 5;153B(2):710-713
references: 19739105
references: Prev Sci. 2006 Mar;7(1):75-89
references: 16572302
references: Trends Neurosci. 2012 Jul;35(7):395-402
references: 22301434
references: Pediatrics. 2008 Apr;121 Suppl 4:S311-36
references: 18381496
references: Biol Psychiatry. 2008 Jan 15;63(2):197-206
references: 17574217
references: Psychol Sci. 2010 Aug;21(8):1064-8
references: 20610847
references: Hum Genomics. 2005 Jun;2(2):81-9
references: 16004724
references: Am J Public Health. 2013 Oct;103 Suppl 1:S19-24
references: 23927515
references: Nat Genet. 1996 Jan;12(1):81-4
references: 8528258
references: Nat Genet. 2004 Apr;36(4):388-93
references: 15052270
references: Nat Genet. 1996 Jan;12(1):78-80
references: 8528256
references: Dev Psychopathol. 2012 May;24(2):389-409
references: 22559121
references: J Genet Psychol. 2005 Jun;166(2):153-69
references: 15906929
references: J Neurochem. 1996 Jun;66(6):2621-4
references: 8632190
references: Psychol Addict Behav. 2005 Dec;19(4):372-81
references: 16366809
references: Lancet. 2003 Feb 15;361(9357):598-604
references: 12598158
references: J Consult Clin Psychol. 2009 Feb;77(1):1-11
references: 19170449
references: Nat Rev Genet. 2011 Nov 18;12(12):881; author reply 881
references: 22094952
references: J Youth Adolesc. 2014 May;43(5):729-44
references: 23996214
references: Behav Genet. 2003 Jan;33(1):73-8
references: 12645824
references: Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet. 2008 Jul 5;147B(5):565-70
references: 18454435
references: Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet. 2005 Feb 5;133B(1):79-84
references: 15635638
references: Biol Psychiatry. 2014 Jan 1;75(1):18-24
references: 24135711
references: Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci. 2014 Apr;9(4):445-53
references: 23314010
references: Am J Prev Med. 2011 Apr;40(4):440-7
references: 21406278
references: Dev Psychopathol. 2013 Nov;25(4 Pt 2):1243-61
references: 24342838
references: Mol Psychiatry. 1996 Nov;1(5):388-91
references: 9154232
references: Prev Med. 2013 Mar;56(3-4):190-6
references: 23276777
references: Neurogenetics. 2006 Nov;7(4):239-46
references: 16819620
references: Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet. 2005 Jul 5;136B(1):58-61
references: 15858822
references: Hum Mutat. 2008 May;29(5):648-58
references: 18286470
references: Neuropsychopharmacology. 2011 Aug;36(9):1940-7
references: 21593733
references: Am J Hum Genet. 2007 Sep;81(3):559-75
references: 17701901
references: Mol Psychiatry. 2002;7(7):712-7
references: 12192615
references: Biol Psychiatry. 2011 Jun 15;69(12):e127-43
references: 21397212
references: Psychiatr Clin North Am. 2010 Mar;33(1):159-80
references: 20159345
references: Pediatrics. 2008 Apr;121 Suppl 4:S273-89
references: 18381494
references: Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2008 Sep;32(7):1293-314
references: 18439676
references: PLoS One. 2012;7(2):e28914
references: 22347363
references: Psychol Bull. 2009 Nov;135(6):885-908
references: 19883141
references: Annu Rev Psychol. 2015 Jan 3;66:381-409
references: 25148854
references: Physiol Rev. 1991 Jan;71(1):155-234
references: 1986388
references: Pharmgenomics Pers Med. 2012;5:19-35
references: 23226060
references: Drug Alcohol Depend. 2008 Oct 1;97(3):195-206
references: 18485621
references: Alcohol Alcohol. 2003 Sep-Oct;38(5):446-9
references: 12915525
references: Psychol Bull. 1995 Jan;117(1):67-86
references: 7870864
references: Curr Opin Neurobiol. 2013 Feb;23(1):57-61
references: 22878161
references: Dev Psychopathol. 2011 Feb;23(1):39-52
references: 21262038
references: Dev Psychopathol. 2007 Fall;19(4):1039-46
references: 17931433
references: Dev Psychol. 2008 Jan;44(1):293-300
references: 18194028