title: Depression levels in patients with hyperemesis gravidarum: a prospective case-control study.
abstract: Hyperemesis gravidarum (HG) is a condition characterized by severe, intractable nausea and vomiting in early pregnancy. It affects about 0.3-2% of all pregnancies and is thought that HG is a multifactorial disease resulting from the combination of various unrelated conditions such as genetic, hormonal and psychiatric. Although there are studies investigating the relationship between anxiety, depression and HG; however, none have sufficiently clarified this link. The aim of this prospective case-control study was to investigate the possible relationship between depression and HG and compare the prevalence of depression disorders in pregnant women with and without HG. A prospective case-control study was performed at our tertiary referral centre between December 2013 and July 2014. The study group consisted of 78 pregnant women with HG and the control group consisted of 82 healthy pregnant women who never had experienced any nausea and vomiting. No study participants had any pre-pregnancy history of any psychiatric disorder including depression. Structured Clinical Interview for Diagnostic (SCID-I) and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) was used to evaluate symptoms of depression. Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) was administered to patients during the psychiatric interview and was evaluated by the same psychiatrist. The mean BDI scores in HG study and healthy control groups were 18.97 ± 9.85 and 6.36 ± 5.61, respectively (p < 0.001). Among the 78 women in the HG study population, 42 (53.9%) of patients had moderate or severe depression disorder. Only 6.1% of patients in the control group had moderate or severe depression. In conclusion, the findings of this study indicated that psychological distress associated with HG was a direct consequence rather than a cause of HG. Therefore, patients with HG during pregnancy should be evaluated with respect to mood disorders as much as their medical conditions.
authors: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kayseri Military Hospital, Kayseri, Turkey.
authors: Hüseyin
authors: H
authors: Aksoy
authors: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kayseri Memorial Hospital, Kayseri, Turkey.
authors: Ülkü
authors: Ü
authors: Aksoy
authors: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kayseri Acıbadem Hospital, Kayseri, Turkey.
authors: Özge İdem
authors: Öİ
authors: Karadağ
authors: Department of Psychiatry, Kayseri Education and Research Hospital of Medicine, Kayseri, Turkey.
authors: Yunus
authors: Y
authors: Hacimusalar
authors: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kayseri Education and Research Hospital of Medicine, Kayseri, Turkey.
authors: Gökhan
authors: G
authors: Açmaz
authors: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kayseri Education and Research Hospital of Medicine, Kayseri, Turkey.
authors: Gülsüm
authors: G
authors: Aykut
authors: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kayseri Education and Research Hospital of Medicine, Kayseri, Turkey.
authors: Fulya
authors: F
authors: Çağlı
authors: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kayseri Acıbadem Hospital, Kayseri, Turkey.
authors: Burak
authors: B
authors: Yücel
authors: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kayseri Acıbadem Hospital, Kayseri, Turkey.
authors: Turgut
authors: T
authors: Aydın
authors: Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Gülhane Military Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.
authors: Mustafa Alparslan
authors: MA
authors: Babayiğit
keywords: Depression; Hyperemesis; Pregnancy
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