title: Ethanol lock therapy: a pilot infusion study in infants.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Ethanol lock therapy (ELT) has emerged as an effective method for the prevention and treatment of central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSIs), but the safety of ELT in infants has not been established.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to determine blood alcohol concentration (BAC) and evidence of hepatic injury in infants after infusing a small one-time dose of ethanol, equivalent to the volume that would be flushed through the central venous catheter (CVC) after ELT is completed.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a prospective pilot study in infants weighing ≤6 kg with and without liver dysfunction who had a CVC. The primary end points were 5-minute and 1-hour BACs after a 0.4-mL dose of 70% ethanol was flushed through the CVC. Acceptable BACs were defined as <0.025% at 5 minutes and <0.01% at 1 hour. The secondary end point was evidence of hepatic injury, defined as a change of greater than 2 times the upper limit of normal of any component in the hepatic panel in patients with a normal baseline panel or doubling of any component in the hepatic panel in patients with an abnormal baseline panel (aspartate aminotransferase, alanine transaminase, total or direct bilirubin, gamma-glutamyl transferase, or alkaline phosphatase).
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 10 patients were included for analysis, with a mean age and weight of 3.5 ± 2.4 months and 4.5 ± 0.9 kg, respectively. All patients had acceptable BACs and no evidence of hepatic injury. In 8 patients, 5-minute BACs were undetectable; BACs of the other 2 patients were 0.011%. One-hour BACs in all patients were undetectable.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Flushing ELT resulted in acceptable BACs and no evidence of hepatic injury in this patient cohort. Further studies are needed to investigate the long-term safety and efficacy of ethanol infusion after ELT in this patient population for the prevention and treatment of CLABSIs.
authors: Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA rchhim@uthsc.edu.
authors: Rebecca F
authors: RF
authors: Chhim
authors: Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA Department of Pediatrics, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA.
authors: Catherine M
authors: CM
authors: Crill
authors: Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA.
authors: Hailey K
authors: HK
authors: Collier
authors: Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA Department of Pediatrics, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA.
authors: Sandra R
authors: SR
authors: Arnold
authors: Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA Department of Pediatrics, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA.
authors: Massroor
authors: M
authors: Pourcyrous
authors: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA.
authors: Bernd
authors: B
authors: Meibohm
authors: Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA Department of Pediatrics, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA.
authors: Michael
authors: M
authors: Christensen
mesh_terms: D000410:Alanine Transaminase / Q000378:metabolism; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases / Q000378:metabolism; D055499:Catheter-Related Infections / Q000517:prevention & control*; D002405:Catheterization, Central Venous / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D062905:Central Venous Catheters; D000431:Ethanol / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008099:Liver / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011446:Prospective Studies
chemical_list: D000431:Ethanol; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases; D000410:Alanine Transaminase
keywords: bloodstream infections; ethanol lock therapy; pediatrics; safety