title: Using SPE-LC-ESI-MS/MS Analysis to Assess Disperse Dyes in Environmental Water Samples.
abstract: We have optimized an SPE-LC-ESI-MS/MS method and used it to monitor disperse azo dyes in environmental aquatic samples. Calibration curves constructed for nine disperse dyes-Red 1, Violet 93, Blue 373, Orange 1, Orange 3, Orange 25, Yellow 3, Yellow 7 and Red 13-in aqueous solution presented good linearity between 2.0 and 100.0 ng mL(-1). The method provided limits of detection and quantification around 2.0 and 8.0 ng L(-1), respectively. For dyes at concentrations of 25.0 ng mL(-1), the intra- and interday analyses afforded relative standard deviation lower than 6 and 13%, respectively. The recovery values obtained for each target analyte in Milli-Q water, receiving waters and treated water samples spiked with the nine studied dyes at concentrations of 8.0, 25.0 and 50.0 ng L(-1) (n = 3) gave average recoveries greater than 70%, with RSD <20%. Statistical evaluation aided method validation. The validated method proved to be useful for analysis of organic extracts from effluents and receiving water samples after an SPE extraction step. More specifically, the method enabled detection of the dyes Disperse Red 1, Disperse Blue 373 and Disperse Violet 93 at concentrations ranging from 84 to 3452 ng L(-1) in the treated effluent (TE), affluent and points collected upstream and downstream of the drinking water treatment plant of a textile dye industry in Brazil.
authors: Electroanalytical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Analytical Chemistry, UNESP, University of São Paulo State, Araraquara, SP, Brazil gjzocolo@yahoo.com.br.
authors: Guilherme Julião
authors: GJ
authors: Zocolo
authors: Electroanalytical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Analytical Chemistry, UNESP, University of São Paulo State, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
authors: Glauco
authors: G
authors: Pilon dos Santos
authors: Ecotoxicology and Environmental Microbiology Laboratory, LEAL, School of Technology, University of Campinas, Limeira, SP, Brazil.
authors: Josiane
authors: J
authors: Vendemiatti
authors: Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors: Francine Inforçato
authors: FI
authors: Vacchi
authors: Ecotoxicology and Environmental Microbiology Laboratory, LEAL, School of Technology, University of Campinas, Limeira, SP, Brazil.
authors: Gisela de Aragão
authors: Gde A
authors: Umbuzeiro
authors: Electroanalytical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Analytical Chemistry, UNESP, University of São Paulo State, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
authors: Maria Valnice Boldrin
authors: MV
authors: Zanoni
mesh_terms: D002853:Chromatography, Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D004396:Coloring Agents / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification; D016014:Linear Models; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D052616:Solid Phase Extraction / Q000379:methods*; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification
chemical_list: D004396:Coloring Agents; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical