title: Patient values and preferences when choosing anticoagulants.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  New oral anticoagulants have similar efficacy and lower bleeding rates compared with warfarin. However, in case of bleeding there is no specific antidote to reverse their effects. We evaluated the preferences and values of anticoagulants of patients at risk of atrial fibrillation and those who have already made a decision regarding anticoagulation.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a cross-sectional study of Veterans in the primary care clinics and the international normalized ratio (INR) laboratory. We developed an instrument with patient and physician input to measure patient values and preferences. The survey contained a hypothetical scenario of the risk of atrial fibrillation and the attributes of each anticoagulant. After the scenario, we asked participants to choose the option that best fits their preferences. The options were: 1) has better efficacy at reducing risk of stroke; 2) has been in the market for a long period of time; 3) has an antidote to reverse the rare case of bleeding; 4) has better quality of life profile with no required frequent laboratory tests; or 5) I want to follow physician recommendations. We stratified our results by those patients who are currently exposed to anticoagulants and those who are not exposed but are at risk of atrial fibrillation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We approached 173 Veterans and completed 137 surveys (79% response rate). Ninety subjects were not exposed to anticoagulants, 46 reported being on warfarin, and one reported being on dabigatran at the time of the survey. Ninety-eight percent of subjects stated they would like to participate in the decision-making process of selecting an anticoagulant. Thirty-six percent of those exposed and 37% of those unexposed to anticoagulants reported that they would select a medication that has an antidote even if the risk of bleeding was very small. Twenty-three percent of the unexposed and 22% of the exposed groups reported that they would prefer the medication that gives the best quality of life.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study found that patients who may be exposed to an anticoagulation decision prefer to actively participate in the decision-making process, and have individual values for making a decision that cannot be predicted or assumed by anyone in the health care system.
authors: The Department of Medicine, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, FL, USA ; The Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Miami, FL, USA ; Division of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.
authors: Ana M
authors: AM
authors: Palacio
authors: The Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Miami, FL, USA ; Division of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.
authors: Irene
authors: I
authors: Kirolos
authors: The Department of Medicine, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, FL, USA ; The Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Miami, FL, USA ; Division of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.
authors: Leonardo
authors: L
authors: Tamariz
keywords: atrial fibrillation; bleeding risk; medication selection; oral anticoagulant; patient decision making; warfarin
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