title: Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasound evaluation of choroidal melanomas after proton-beam therapy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study was undertaken to compare the ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging parameters of ocular melanoma and to assess their variation after proton-beam therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifteen choroidal melanoma patients treated with proton-beam therapy were enroled in the study. All patients underwent ophthalmologic evaluations, ultrasound, conventional magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and diffusion-weighted MR imaging before the start of therapy and 3 and 6 months after therapy. Basal diameters, thickness, internal reflectivity, tumour volumes and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values of ocular melanomas were measured at each examination. Correlations between internal reflectivity and ADC were investigated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No significant changes were seen in tumour diameters and tumour height as assessed by B-scan and A-scan, respectively. Significant increase in mean tumour internal reflectivity was detected at 6 months (baseline 35 % ± 11; 6 months 48 % ± 8, Tukey-Kramer p = 0.005). On MRI, compared to baseline (mean 547 ± 262 mm(3)), a significant reduction in volume was seen at 6 months (Tukey-Kramer p = 0.045) (mean volume 339 ± 170 mm(3), mean reduction 38 %). A significant increase in ADC (baseline 1,002 ± 109 mm(2)/s) was detected both at 3 and 6 months after proton therapy (respectively, 1,454 ± 90 and 1,833 ± 261 mm(2)/s, both p < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  By MRI, in particular by ADC assessment, it is possible to detect early variations in melanoma treated by proton-beam therapy. This examination could be used together with ultrasound in the follow-up of this treatment.
authors: Department of Ophthalmology, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 78, 95124, Catania, Italy, andrearusso2000@hotmail.com.
authors: Andrea
authors: A
authors: Russo
authors: Cesare
authors: C
authors: Mariotti
authors: Antonio
authors: A
authors: Longo
authors: Pietro Valerio
authors: PV
authors: Foti
authors: Teresio
authors: T
authors: Avitabile
authors: Maurizio Giacinto
authors: MG
authors: Uva
authors: Livio Marco
authors: LM
authors: Franco
authors: Vincenza
authors: V
authors: Bonfiglio
authors: Pietro
authors: P
authors: Milone
authors: Giovanni Carlo
authors: GC
authors: Ettorre
authors: Marco
authors: M
authors: Ragusa
authors: Michele
authors: M
authors: Purrello
authors: Rosario
authors: R
authors: Caltabiano
authors: Lidia
authors: L
authors: Puzzo
authors: Michele
authors: M
authors: Reibaldi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002830:Choroid Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000601:surgery; D038524:Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008545:Melanoma / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D061766:Proton Therapy; D014463:Ultrasonography
references: Clin Cancer Res. 2009 Feb 1;15(3):986-94
references: 19188170
references: Can J Ophthalmol. 2014 Feb;49(1):60-5
references: 24513359
references: J Ophthalmic Nurs Technol. 1999 Sep-Oct;18(5):219-32
references: 10847049
references: AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2012 Jan;33(1):110-8
references: 22033715
references: Arch Ophthalmol. 1979 Aug;97(8):1465-72
references: 464871
references: Radiol Med. 2015 Jun;120(6):526-35
references: 25578783
references: AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1993 Dec;161(6):1253-7
references: 8249737
references: Invest Radiol. 2013 Oct;48(10):702-7
references: 23614974
references: Ophthalmologica. 1998;212 Suppl 1:77-8
references: 9730759
references: AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2012 Feb;33(2):314-9
references: 22116113
references: Ophthalmologica. 1998;212 Suppl 1:50-2
references: 9730751
references: Ann Ophthalmol. 1982 Jun;14(6):564-8
references: 7114692
references: J Comput Assist Tomogr. 2011 Jan-Feb;35(1):102-7
references: 21245694
references: Am J Ophthalmol. 1998 Jun;125(6):745-66
references: 9645714
references: Ophthalmology. 2002 Jun;109 (6):1137-41
references: 12045056
references: Surv Ophthalmol. 1977 Jul-Aug;22(1):29-40
references: 333647
references: Ultrasound Med Biol. 2007 Jul;33(7):1046-56
references: 17448588
references: Ophthalmology. 1984 Dec;91(12):1716-9
references: 6522001
references: Clin Radiol. 2009 Nov;64(11):1067-74
references: 19822239
references: Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2005 Aug 1;62(5):1405-11
references: 16029800