title: Acceleration of MRI of the vocal tract provides additional insight into articulator modifications.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To accelerate dynamic imaging of the vocal tract during articulation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Five subjects were imaged by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) while repeating the word "Partikel" at 90 beats per minute, using both a radio-frequency-spoiled radial gradient echo sequence with golden angle projection rotation and a previously applied real-time Cartesian sequence. The acquired data were reconstructed using a CG-SENSE method and Cartesian reconstruction. The images from both methods were compared by measuring distances between anatomical landmarks that are important for resonance behavior of the vocal tract. Only commonly available hardware and software were used.
  
  
  RESULTS
  With the presented radial method a spatial resolution of 1.8 mm at 25 frames per second could be achieved. Overall, the morphometric measurements of the vocal tract showed less deviation for the radial sequence both across repetitions and for all subjects. Fast modifications, such as complete lip closing, could be analyzed with greater fidelity using the high temporal resolution of the radial sequence.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results indicate that higher temporal resolution is a necessity to catch fast morphometric changes in the vocal tract.
authors: University Medical Center Freiburg, Department of Radiology, Medical Physics, Freiburg, Germany.|Institute of Musicians' Medicine, University Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany.
authors: Michael
authors: M
authors: Burdumy
authors: Institute of Musicians' Medicine, University Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany.|Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany.
authors: Louisa
authors: L
authors: Traser
authors: Institute of Musicians' Medicine, University Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany.
authors: Bernhard
authors: B
authors: Richter
authors: Institute of Musicians' Medicine, University Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany.
authors: Matthias
authors: M
authors: Echternach
authors: IMTEK, University Freiburg, Lab of Simulation, Freiburg, Germany.
authors: Jan G
authors: JG
authors: Korvink
authors: University Medical Center Freiburg, Department of Radiology, Medical Physics, Freiburg, Germany.
authors: Jürgen
authors: J
authors: Hennig
authors: University Medical Center Freiburg, Department of Radiology, Medical Physics, Freiburg, Germany.
authors: Maxim
authors: M
authors: Zaitsev
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D007830:Larynx / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000502:physiology*; D019028:Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Cine / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D063346:Singing; D013060:Speech / Q000502:physiology*; D013068:Speech Production Measurement / Q000379:methods*
keywords: non-Cartesian trajectory; real time imaging; singer imaging; speech MRI