title: Effects of the diet on the microbiota of the red palm weevil (Coleoptera: Dryophthoridae).
abstract: Rhynchophorus ferrugineus, also known as the red palm weevil, is regarded as the major pest of palm trees. Although studies of the microbiota associated with this species have been performed in recent years, little attention has been dedicated to the influence of the diet in shaping the host bacterial community. Here, we investigated the influence of food sources (i.e. palm tissues vs apple based substrate) on the microbial diversity associated with RPW, which was compared with the microbiota associated with wild individuals of the sister species Rhynchophorus vulneratus. The bacterial characterization was performed using a culture independent approach, i.e. the 16S rRNA pyrotag, and a culture dependent approach for a subset of the samples, in order to obtain bacterial isolates from RPW tissues. The bacterial community appeared significantly influenced by diet. Proteobacteria resulted to be the most abundant clade and was present in all the specimens of the three examined weevil groups. Within Proteobacteria, Enterobacteriaceae were identified in all the organs analysed, including hemolymph and reproductive organs. The apple-fed RPWs and the wild R. vulneratus showed a second dominant taxon within Firmicutes that was scarcely present in the microbiota associated with palm-fed RPWs. A comparative analysis on the bacteria associated with the palm tissues highlighted that 12 bacterial genera out of the 13 identified in the plant tissues were also present in weevils, thus indicating that palm tissues may present a source for bacterial acquisition.
authors: Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy.
authors: Matteo
authors: M
authors: Montagna
authors: Dipartimento di Scienze per gli Alimenti, la Nutrizione, l'Ambiente, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy.
authors: Bessem
authors: B
authors: Chouaia
authors: Consiglio per la ricerca e la sperimentazione in agricoltura, Research Centre for Agrobiology and Pedology, Cascine del Riccio, Italy.
authors: Giuseppe
authors: G
authors: Mazza
authors: Dipartimento di Scienze per gli Alimenti, la Nutrizione, l'Ambiente, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy.
authors: Erica Maria
authors: EM
authors: Prosdocimi
authors: Dipartimento di Scienze per gli Alimenti, la Nutrizione, l'Ambiente, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy.
authors: Elena
authors: E
authors: Crotti
authors: Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie e Sanità Pubblica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy.
authors: Valeria
authors: V
authors: Mereghetti
authors: Dipartimento di Scienze per gli Alimenti, la Nutrizione, l'Ambiente, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy.
authors: Violetta
authors: V
authors: Vacchini
authors: Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy.
authors: Annamaria
authors: A
authors: Giorgi
authors: Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie "C. Darwin", Università degli Studi di Roma "La Sapienza", Roma, Italy.
authors: Alessio
authors: A
authors: De Biase
authors: Dipartimento di Gestione dei Sistemi Agroalimentari e Ambientali, Università di Catania, Catania, Italy.
authors: Santi
authors: S
authors: Longo
authors: Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Firenze, Italy.
authors: Rita
authors: R
authors: Cervo
authors: Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy.
authors: Giuseppe Carlo
authors: GC
authors: Lozzia
authors: Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali e Alimentari, Università di Torino, Grugliasco, Italy.
authors: Alberto
authors: A
authors: Alma
authors: Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie e Sanità Pubblica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy.
authors: Claudio
authors: C
authors: Bandi
authors: Dipartimento di Scienze per gli Alimenti, la Nutrizione, l'Ambiente, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy; Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
authors: Daniele
authors: D
authors: Daffonchio
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D028023:Arecaceae / Q000469:parasitology*; D001419:Bacteria / Q000302:isolation & purification; D044822:Biodiversity; D004032:Diet; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D064307:Microbiota; D048889:Weevils / Q000382:microbiology*
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