title: Detection of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in human lymphoma tissue by a novel microbial detection array.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Infectious agents are estimated to play a causative role in approximately 20% of cancers worldwide. Viruses, notably the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), are associated with 10-15% of B-cell lymphomas and are found at a higher frequency in immunosuppressed patients. In this study, we screened human lymphoma tissues using a novel Lawrence Livermore Microbial Detection Array (LLMDA), a comprehensive detection system that contains probes for all sequenced viruses and bacteria. This technology has been applied to identify pathogen-associated diseases.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We evaluated samples from 58 cases with various lymphoid tissue disorders using LLMDA. These included 30 B-cell lymphomas (9 indolent and 21 aggressive type), 2 T-cell lymphomas and 2 NK/T cell lymphomas, 4 plasmacytomas as well as 8 specimens of benign lymphoid tissue. Five of 21 high-grade B-cell lymphomas were positive for Epstein-Barr virus-encoded small RNA (EBER+), while all the indolent B-cell lymphomas were EBER-. Similarly, both NK/T cell lymphomas were EBER+, and the benign tissues were EBER-. We also screened 10 cases of post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD). Five of these cases (4 B-cell lymphomas and 1 NK/T cell lymphoma) were EBER+, and the remaining five cases were EBER-.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We have confirmed the reliability of the LLMDA methods by detecting EBV in EBV-positive lymphomas while observing no false-positive results in EBV-negative lymphomas. The LLMDA technique provides a sensitive and alternative method for identifying known viral pathogen associated with tumors and may prove useful for future clinical identification of novel cancer-associated viral pathogens.
authors: Deptartment of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Davis Medical Center, PATH Bldg. 4400V Street, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA.
authors: Joseph
authors: J
authors: Tellez
authors: Applied Genomics, Biosciences and Biotechnology Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94551 USA.
authors: Crystal
authors: C
authors: Jaing
authors: Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, CA 92354 USA.
authors: Jun
authors: J
authors: Wang
authors: Deptartment of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Davis Medical Center, PATH Bldg. 4400V Street, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA.
authors: Ralph
authors: R
authors: Green
authors: Deptartment of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Davis Medical Center, PATH Bldg. 4400V Street, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA.
authors: Mingyi
authors: M
authors: Chen
keywords: Epstein-Barr virus (EBV); Lawrence Livermore Microbial Detection Array (LLMDA); Lymphoma; Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD)
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