title: A Case of Transvenous Pacemaker Implantation in a 10-year-old Patient.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this report was to discuss the type, timing, and surgical techniques of permanent pacemaker implantation in a juvenile patient.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 17-year-old girl with Down syndrome and congenital heart defects comprised of ventricular septal defects (VSD) and patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) suffered from postoperative complete atrioventricular block (AVB) when she was 7 months old.
  
  
  RESULTS
  An epicardial pacemaker was implanted just after the occurrence of complete AVB. Due to the pacing threshold of a ventricular lead not being good, the battery showed rapid depletion. Her generator had to be exchanged under general anesthesia every 2-3 years. When she was 10 years old, we implanted a permanent pacemaker transvenously by using cutdown, screw-in and subpectoral pocket techniques. She has shown a satisfactory outcome since then.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Transvenous pacemaker implantation was safe and effective in our young patient without any complications. The timing of surgery and surgical technique are quite important for pacemaker implantation in juvenile patients.
authors: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Yuri-Kumiai General Hospital, Japan.
authors: Jiajia
authors: J
authors: Liu
authors: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Yuri-Kumiai General Hospital, Japan.
authors: Yasuyuki
authors: Y
authors: Shimada
keywords: juvenile; pacemaker; pediatric; transvenous
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