title: Lipopeptides as the antifungal and antibacterial agents: applications in food safety and therapeutics.
abstract: A lot of crops are destroyed by the phytopathogens such as fungi, bacteria, and yeast leading to economic losses to the farmers. Members of the Bacillus genus are considered as the factories for the production of biologically active molecules that are potential inhibitors of growth of phytopathogens. Plant diseases constitute an emerging threat to global food security. Many of the currently available antimicrobial agents for agriculture are highly toxic and nonbiodegradable and thus cause extended environmental pollution. Moreover, an increasing number of phytopathogens have developed resistance to antimicrobial agents. The lipopeptides have been tried as potent versatile weapons to deal with a variety of phytopathogens. All the three families of Bacillus lipopeptides, namely, Surfactins, Iturins and Fengycins, have been explored for their antagonistic activities towards a wide range of phytopathogens including bacteria, fungi, and oomycetes. Iturin and Fengycin have antifungal activities, while Surfactin has broad range of potent antibacterial activities and this has also been used as larvicidal agent. Interestingly, lipopeptides being the molecules of biological origin are environmentally acceptable.
authors: Department of Biotechnology, Himachal Pradesh University, Summer Hill, Shimla 171 005, India.
authors: Khem Raj
authors: KR
authors: Meena
authors: Department of Biotechnology, Himachal Pradesh University, Summer Hill, Shimla 171 005, India.
authors: Shamsher S
authors: SS
authors: Kanwar
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D059022:Food Safety; D006801:Humans; D055666:Lipopeptides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013501:Surface-Active Agents / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000935:Antifungal Agents; D055666:Lipopeptides; D013501:Surface-Active Agents
references: Exp Cell Res. 1984 Jun;152(2):565-70
references: 6723803
references: J Appl Microbiol. 2013 Dec;115(6):1287-96
references: 23937170
references: J Phys Chem B. 2010 Mar 4;114(8):2712-8
references: 20146511
references: Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo). 1974 Apr;22(4):938-44
references: 4473150
references: Biomed Res Int. 2014;2014:349783
references: 24738054
references: Int J Cosmet Sci. 2010 Feb;32(1):1-8
references: 19889045
references: J Bacteriol. 2001 Oct;183(20):5848-54
references: 11566982
references: J Appl Microbiol. 2004;97(5):942-9
references: 15479409
references: J Eukaryot Microbiol. 2005 Sep-Oct;52(5):399-451
references: 16248873
references: AMB Express. 2014 Apr 15;4:40
references: 24949273
references: Mol Microbiol. 2005 May;56(4):845-57
references: 15853875
references: Annu Rev Entomol. 1986;31:265-96
references: 2867736
references: FEMS Microbiol Lett. 1999 Feb 1;171(1):1-9
references: 9987836
references: J Phys Chem B. 2008 Nov 27;112(47):15195-201
references: 18983185
references: J Appl Microbiol. 2012 Jan;112(1):159-74
references: 22017648
references: J Vet Sci. 2005 Dec;6(4):353-5
references: 16294001
references: J Antibiot (Tokyo). 1999 Jul;52(7):613-9
references: 10513840
references: Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2005 Nov;69(2):223-8
references: 15838674
references: Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2010 Jun;87(2):427-44
references: 20424836
references: Microb Cell Fact. 2014 May 14;13:67
references: 24885467
references: Biotechnol Adv. 2007 Jan-Feb;25(1):99-121
references: 17156965
references: FEBS Lett. 2007 Mar 6;581(5):865-71
references: 17292358
references: Trends Microbiol. 2008 Mar;16(3):115-25
references: 18289856
references: Curr Microbiol. 2003 Oct;47(4):272-7
references: 14629006
references: Appl Environ Microbiol. 1995 May;61(5):1799-804
references: 7646018
references: Int J Mol Sci. 2010 Dec 30;12(1):141-72
references: 21339982
references: Biochim Biophys Acta. 2002 Apr 29;1596(2):234-45
references: 12007605
references: Clin Microbiol Rev. 2002 Apr;15(2):155-66
references: 11932228
references: Biophys J. 2008 Apr 1;94(7):2667-79
references: 18178659
references: J Appl Microbiol. 2000 Dec;89(6):992-1001
references: 11123472
references: Peptides. 2007 Jul;28(7):1344-50
references: 17643554
references: J Am Soc Mass Spectrom. 2012 Oct;23(10):1716-28
references: 22847390
references: Enzyme Microb Technol. 2000 Dec;27(10):749-754
references: 11118581
references: Mol Plant Pathol. 2014 Feb;15(2):122-32
references: 24033929
references: Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2010 May;86(6):1737-44
references: 20130853
references: J Invertebr Pathol. 2005 Feb;88(2):154-62
references: 15766932
references: Magn Reson Chem. 2007 Sep;45(9):792-6
references: 17640005
references: BMC Microbiol. 2013 Jul 08;13:152
references: 23834699
references: Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2009 Jun;83(3):541-53
references: 19343338
references: Appl Biochem Biotechnol. 2008 Sep;150(3):289-303
references: 18437297
references: Parasitol Res. 2010 Jul;107(2):381-8
references: 20467753
references: J Bacteriol. 2001 Nov;183(21):6265-73
references: 11591669
references: Curr Microbiol. 2010 Dec;61(6):554-9
references: 20422191
references: AMB Express. 2014 Jun 28;4:50
references: 25006539
references: Trends Pharmacol Sci. 2013 Dec;34(12):667-75
references: 24182625
references: Adv Exp Med Biol. 2010;672:316-23
references: 20545293
references: J Pharm Pharmacol. 2006 Jun;58(6):867-70
references: 16734989
references: Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2013 Feb;97(3):1005-16
references: 23280539
references: Biophys Chem. 2010 Jun;149(1-2):22-7
references: 20406718
references: Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces. 2009 Jul 1;71(2):183-6
references: 19285837
references: Plant Physiol. 2004 Jan;134(1):307-19
references: 14684838
references: Mol Biochem Parasitol. 2008 Apr;158(2):139-51
references: 18221799
references: Bioconjug Chem. 2014 Apr 16;25(4):750-60
references: 24635310
references: Chem Biol Interact. 2010 Feb 12;183(3):357-62
references: 19954742
references: Appl Environ Microbiol. 1997 Jan;63(1):44-9
references: 8979337
references: J Appl Microbiol. 2008 Jun;104(6):1675-84
references: 18194244
references: Biotechnol Adv. 2013 Mar-Apr;31(2):338-45
references: 23318669
references: Biologicals. 1997 Sep;25(3):289-97
references: 9324997
references: BMC Microbiol. 2012 Nov 07;12:252
references: 23131170
references: Mol Plant Microbe Interact. 2007 Apr;20(4):430-40
references: 17427813
references: J Antibiot (Tokyo). 2003 Jan;56(1):34-7
references: 12670048
references: J Vector Borne Dis. 2003 Mar-Jun;40(1-2):20-32
references: 15119068
references: Annu Rev Microbiol. 1994;48:687-712
references: 7826023
references: Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2005 Nov;69(1):29-38
references: 15742166
references: J Antimicrob Chemother. 2006 Apr;57(4):609-18
references: 16469849
references: Biochim Biophys Acta. 2005 Jul 15;1713(1):51-6
references: 15949788
references: Appl Biochem Biotechnol. 2001 Spring;91-93:551-61
references: 11963884