title: Heavy metals and epigenetic alterations in brain tumors.
abstract: Heavy metals and their derivatives can cause various diseases. Numerous studies have evaluated the possible link between exposure to heavy metals and various cancers. Recent data show a correlation between heavy metals and aberration of genetic and epigenetic patterns. From a literature search we noticed few experimental and epidemiological studies that evaluate a possible correlation between heavy metals and brain tumors. Gliomas arise due to genetic and epigenetic alterations of glial cells. Changes in gene expression result in the alteration of the cellular division process. Epigenetic alterations in brain tumors include the hypermethylation of CpG group, hypomethylation of specific genes, aberrant activation of genes, and changes in the position of various histones. Heavy metals are capable of generating reactive oxygen assumes that key functions in various pathological mechanisms. Alteration of homeostasis of metals could cause the overproduction of reactive oxygen species and induce DNA damage, lipid peroxidation, and alteration of proteins. In this study we summarize the possible correlation between heavy metals, epigenetic alterations and brain tumors. We report, moreover, the review of relevant literature.
authors: Neurosurgical Clinic, Department of Neuroscience, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
authors: Maria
authors: M
authors: Caffo
authors: Neurosurgical Clinic, Department of Neuroscience, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
authors: Gerardo
authors: G
authors: Caruso
authors: Neurosurgical Clinic, Department of Neuroscience, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
authors: Giuseppe La
authors: GL
authors: Fata
authors: Department of Human Pathology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
authors: Valeria
authors: V
authors: Barresi
authors: Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
authors: Maria
authors: M
authors: Visalli
authors: Department of Experimental Specialized Medical and Surgical and Odontostomatology Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
authors: Mario
authors: M
authors: Venza
authors: Department of Experimental Specialized Medical and Surgical and Odontostomatology Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
authors: Isabella
authors: I
authors: Venza
keywords: Cancer; Environment; Epigenetic; Glioma; Heavy metals; Microglia; Oxidative stress.
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