title: Psychological problems in Iranian adolescents: application of the self report form of strengths and difficulties questionnaire.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the present study was to investigate the epidemiology of psychological problems in adolescents in five provinces of Tehran, Khorasan Razavi, Isfahan, East Azerbaijan and Fars in Iran.
  
  
  METHODS
  In the present cross-sectional and descriptive - analytical study, 5171 adolescents aged 12 to 17 years were selected through multistage cluster sampling method from Tehran, Isfahan, Fars, Khorasan Razavi and East Azarbaijan provinces. The self-report form of Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) was used to obtain the demographic data of each adolescent. Descriptive analysis and 95% confidence interval were used to investigate the relationship between scores of the SDQ questionnaire and demographic factors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Based on the results, the highest prevalence of psychological problems in the five provinces was related to conduct problems (24%), and the lowest prevalence was related to social problems (5.76%). Also, comparison of 95% confidence interval of prevalence of psychological problems between the two genders suggested a significant difference only in emotional problems of the self-report version of the SDQ between the two genders. The result revealed no significant difference in the psychological problems of the self-report version of the SDQ between the two age's groups and between the middle and high school graduates (p≤0.05). Among the 5 provinces, Fars allocated the highest rates of conduct problems (28.4), hyperactivity problems (21.5%) and overall criterion problems (17.3%); Esfahan had the highest rates of emotional problems (9.1%) and problems with peers (8.1%); and Khorasan Razavi had the highest rates of social problems (7.6%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this study, the highest prevalence of psychological problems in the five provinces was related to conduct problems, and the lowest prevalence was related to social problems. It was determined that girls have more emotional problems than boys. Also, no significant difference was found in the psychological problems of 12 to 14 and 15 to 17 year old adolescents or between middle and high school graduates. In the current study, the prevalence of psychological problems in adolescents in the urban population in Fars province was higher than expected.
authors: Psychiatry and Psychology Research Center, Roozbeh hospital,Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors: Mohammad Reza
authors: MR
authors: Mohammadi
authors: Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
authors: Soroor
authors: S
authors: Arman
authors: Department of Geography, Geographic Sciences and Planning Faculty, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran.
authors: Javad
authors: J
authors: Khoshhal Dastjerdi
authors: Psychiatry and Psychology Research Center, Roozbeh hospital,Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors: Maryam
authors: M
authors: Salmanian
authors: Clinical Psychiatry Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
authors: Nastaran
authors: N
authors: Ahmadi
authors: Research Center for Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
authors: Ahmad
authors: A
authors: Ghanizadeh
authors: Research Center for Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
authors: Ali
authors: A
authors: Alavi
authors: Clinical Psychiatry Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
authors: Ayyoub
authors: A
authors: Malek
authors: Clinical Psychiatry Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
authors: Heydar
authors: H
authors: Fathzadeh Gharibeh
authors: Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
authors: Fatemeh
authors: F
authors: Moharreri
authors: Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
authors: Paria
authors: P
authors: Hebrani
authors: Deputy of Research, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors: Ali
authors: A
authors: Motavallian
keywords: Adolescents; Emotional and behavioral problems; Iran; Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ)
references: Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2005 Feb;14(1):28-33
references: 15756513
references: J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 1997 Jul;38(5):581-6
references: 9255702
references: J Adolesc. 2006 Aug;29(4):555-73
references: 16202448
references: Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2004;13 Suppl 2:II47-54
references: 15243786
references: Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2004;13 Suppl 2:II17-24
references: 15243782
references: Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2004 Apr;13(2):73-82
references: 15103532
references: Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2002 Oct;59(10):893-901
references: 12365876
references: East Mediterr Health J. 2006;12 Suppl 2:S138-46
references: 17361685
references: J Res Med Sci. 2009 Mar;14(2):69-77
references: 21772865
references: Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2004;13 Suppl 2:II40-6
references: 15243785
references: Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 2001 Jan;36(1):20-8
references: 11320804
references: Am J Psychiatry. 2005 Jul;162(7):1344-50
references: 15994718
references: Int J Soc Psychiatry. 2000 Winter;46(4):266-80
references: 11201348
references: Arch Iran Med. 2007 Apr;10(2):147-51
references: 17367214
references: Nihon Koshu Eisei Zasshi. 1990 Dec;37(12):991-1000
references: 2132376
references: Int J Methods Psychiatr Res. 2005;14(3):158-66
references: 16389892
references: Aust N Z J Psychiatry. 2004 Aug;38(8):644-51
references: 15298588
references: Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2003 Aug;60(8):837-44
references: 12912767
references: Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2003 Feb;107(2):102-10
references: 12534435
references: Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2004;13 Suppl 2:II3-10
references: 15243780
references: J Abnorm Child Psychol. 1999 Feb;27(1):17-24
references: 10197403
references: Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2003 Jan;12(1):1-8
references: 12601558
references: Clin Pract Epidemiol Ment Health. 2005 Sep 26;1:16
references: 16185355
references: J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2006 Oct;45(10 ):1215-23
references: 17003667
references: Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2004;13 Suppl 2:II1-2
references: 15243779
references: Gesundheitswesen. 2002 Dec;64 Suppl 1:S119-24
references: 12870226
references: Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2005 Jul;14(4):208-15
references: 15981132
references: J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 1998 Aug;37(8):880-6
references: 9695451
references: Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2004;13 Suppl 2:II25-31
references: 15243783
references: Br J Psychiatry. 2000 Dec;177:534-9
references: 11102329
references: J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2007 Apr;46(4):438-47
references: 17420678
references: Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2004;13 Suppl 2:II32-9
references: 15243784
references: Iran J Psychiatry. 2010 Spring;5(2):55-9
references: 22952492
references: Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 1999 Jun;8(2):63-70
references: 10435454
references: J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2005 Jun;44(6):557-64
references: 15908838