title: Compensation: a key to clarifying the organ-level regulation of lateral organ size in plants.
abstract: Leaves are ideal model systems to study the organ size regulation of multicellular plants. Leaf cell number and cell size are determinant factors of leaf size which is controlled through cell proliferation and post-mitotic cell expansion, respectively. To achieve a proper leaf size, cell proliferation and post-mitotic cell expansion should be co-ordinated during leaf morphogenesis. Compensation, which is enhanced post-mitotic cell expansion associated with a decrease in cell number during lateral organ development, is suggestive of such co-ordination. Genetic and kinematic studies revealed at least three classes of modes of compensation, indicating that compensation is a heterogeneous phenomenon. Recent studies have increased our understanding about the molecular basis of compensation by identifying the causal genes of each compensation-exhibiting mutant. Furthermore, analyses using chimeric leaves revealed that a type of compensated cell expansion requires cell-to-cell communication. Information from recent advances in molecular and genetic studies on compensation has been integrated here and its role in organ size regulation is discussed.
authors: Graduate School of Biological Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara, 630-0192, Japan.
authors: Tetsuya
authors: T
authors: Hisanaga
authors: Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan.
authors: Kensuke
authors: K
authors: Kawade
authors: Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan tsukaya@bs.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp.
authors: Hirokazu
authors: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4430-4538
authors: H
authors: Tsukaya
mesh_terms: D002450:Cell Communication; D002453:Cell Cycle; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D048429:Cell Size; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental / Q000235:genetics; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant / Q000235:genetics*; D008954:Models, Biological; D009929:Organ Size / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology
keywords: Cell proliferation; cell size; cell-to-cell communication; compensation; leaf size; organ size.