title: Effects of intermittent positive pressure ventilation on cardiopulmonary function in horses anesthetized with total intravenous anesthesia using combination of medetomidine, lidocaine, butorphanol and propofol (MLBP-TIVA).
abstract: Effects of intermittent positive pressure ventilation (IPPV) on cardiopulmonary function were evaluated in horses anesthetized with total intravenous anesthesia using constant rate infusions of medetomidine (3.5 µg/kg/hr), lidocaine (3 mg/kg/hr), butorphanol (24 µg/kg/hr) and propofol (0.1 mg/kg/min) (MLBP-TIVA). Five horses were anesthetized twice using MLBP-TIVA with or without IPPV at 4-week interval (crossover study). In each occasion, the horses breathed 100% oxygen with spontaneous ventilation (SB-group, n=5) or with IPPV (CV-group, n=5), and changes in cardiopulmonary parameters were observed for 120 min. In the SB-group, cardiovascular parameters were maintained within acceptable ranges (heart rate: 33-35 beats/min, cardiac output: 27-30 l/min, mean arterial blood pressure [MABP]: 114-123 mmHg, mean pulmonary arterial pressure [MPAP]: 28-29 mmHg and mean right atrial pressure [MRAP]: 19-21 mmHg), but severe hypercapnea and insufficient oxygenation were observed (arterial CO(2) pressure [PaCO(2)]: 84-103 mmHg and arterial O(2) pressure [PaO(2)]: 155-172 mmHg). In the CV-group, normocapnea (PaCO(2): 42-50 mmHg) and good oxygenation (PaO(2): 395-419 mmHg) were achieved by the IPPV without apparent cardiovascular depression (heart rate: 29-31 beats/min, cardiac output: 17-21 l /min, MABP: 111-123 mmHg, MPAP: 27-30 mmHg and MRAP: 15-16 mmHg). MLBP-TIVA preserved cardiovascular function even in horses artificially ventilated.
authors: Departments of Small Animal Clinical Sciences School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan.
authors: Tomohito
authors: T
authors: Ishizuka
authors: Jun
authors: J
authors: Tamura
authors: Tsukasa
authors: T
authors: Nagaro
authors: Kanako
authors: K
authors: Sudo
authors: Takaharu
authors: T
authors: Itami
authors: Mohammed Ahamed
authors: MA
authors: Umar
authors: Kenjirou
authors: K
authors: Miyoshi
authors: Tadashi
authors: T
authors: Sano
authors: Kazuto
authors: K
authors: Yamashita
mesh_terms: D000771:Anesthesia, Intravenous / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D000818:Animals; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D002077:Butorphanol / Q000494:pharmacology; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000097:blood; D002302:Cardiac Output / Q000187:drug effects; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004338:Drug Combinations; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D006736:Horses / Q000502:physiology*; D007385:Intermittent Positive-Pressure Ventilation / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000494:pharmacology; D020926:Medetomidine / Q000494:pharmacology; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood; D015742:Propofol / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D004338:Drug Combinations; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D008012:Lidocaine; D020926:Medetomidine; D002077:Butorphanol; D010100:Oxygen; D015742:Propofol
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