title: The within-day relation between lonely episodes and subsequent clinical pain in individuals with fibromyalgia: Mediating role of pain cognitions.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This daily diary study of individuals with fibromyalgia (FM) examined whether morning increases in loneliness relate to worsened evening bodily pain through afternoon negative pain cognitions.
  
  
  METHODS
  220 participants with FM completed electronic diaries 4 times a day for 21days to assess loneliness, negative pain cognitions, bodily pain, and social enjoyment. Multilevel structural equation modeling was used to examine within-person relations of morning increases in loneliness, afternoon negative pain cognitions, and evening pain, controlling for morning pain.
  
  
  RESULTS
  On mornings when individuals experienced higher than their usual levels of loneliness, they experienced higher levels of afternoon maladaptive pain cognitions, which in turn predicted increases in evening pain above the level of morning pain. Afternoon maladaptive pain cognitions fully mediated the relations between morning loneliness and evening pain.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Lonely episodes are associated with subsequent increases in negative patterns of thinking about pain, which in turn predict subsequent increases in bodily pain within a day. Because pain cognitions mediate the loneliness-pain link, FM interventions may benefit from addressing individuals' vulnerability to maladaptive cognitions following lonely episodes.
authors: Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, United States. Electronic address: ldwolf@asu.edu.
authors: Laurie D
authors: LD
authors: Wolf
authors: Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, United States.
authors: Mary C
authors: MC
authors: Davis
authors: Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, United States.
authors: Ellen W
authors: EW
authors: Yeung
authors: University of Connecticut Health Center, Department of Community Medicine and Health Care, United States.
authors: Howard A
authors: HA
authors: Tennen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003071:Cognition; D005260:Female; D005356:Fibromyalgia / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D008132:Loneliness; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010146:Pain / Q000523:psychology*; D013997:Time Factors
keywords: Chronic pain; Daily diary; Fibromyalgia; Loneliness; Pain; Pain cognitions
references: Soc Sci Med. 2012 Mar;74(6):907-14
references: 22326307
references: Clin Rheumatol. 2012 Jun;31(6):921-9
references: 22349876
references: Psychosom Med. 2002 May-Jun;64(3):407-17
references: 12021415
references: J Pers Soc Psychol. 2003 Jul;85(1):105-20
references: 12872887
references: Psychol Methods. 2003 Jun;8(2):115-28
references: 12924810
references: J Pers Soc Psychol. 1980 Sep;39(3):472-80
references: 7431205
references: Psychosom Med. 2012 Feb-Mar;74(2):126-35
references: 22286852
references: Behav Res Methods. 2011 Sep;43(3):692-700
references: 21487904
references: Pers Soc Psychol Rev. 2011 Aug;15(3):219-66
references: 20716644
references: Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2011 Apr;7(4):216-24
references: 21283147
references: Psychol Methods. 2010 Sep;15(3):209-33
references: 20822249
references: Psychol Aging. 2010 Jun;25(2):453-63
references: 20545429
references: Psychosom Med. 2010 Jun;72(5):471-80
references: 20467005
references: Pain. 2008 Nov 15;140(1):135-44
references: 18778895
references: J Pain Symptom Manage. 2009 May;37(5):863-72
references: 19041218
references: Pain. 1986 Oct;27(1):117-26
references: 3785962
references: Arthritis Rheum. 1990 Feb;33(2):160-72
references: 2306288
references: Trends Cogn Sci. 2004 Jul;8(7):294-300
references: 15242688
references: Psychosom Med. 2004 Nov-Dec;66(6):837-44
references: 15564347
references: Psychol Bull. 2005 Mar;131(2):202-23
references: 15740417
references: Pain. 2005 Dec 15;119(1-3):5-15
references: 16298061
references: Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2006 Apr 1;31(7):E203-7
references: 16582841
references: J Pain. 2006 Apr;7(4):261-71
references: 16618470
references: Clin Psychol Rev. 2006 Oct;26(6):695-718
references: 16952717
references: Psychol Med. 2014 May;44(7):1349-60
references: 23942140
references: Health Psychol. 2014 Sep;33(9):948-57
references: 23957903
references: Health Psychol. 2014 Sep;33(9):929-37
references: 25180546
references: Psychosom Med. 2009 May;71(4):474-82
references: 19251863
references: Eur J Pain. 2007 Oct;11(7):779-87
references: 17303452
references: Eur J Pain. 2007 Oct;11(7):711-8
references: 17218132
references: Pain. 2007 Mar;128(1-2):128-35
references: 17055648