title: Comparison of VHH-Fc antibody production in Arabidopsis thaliana, Nicotiana benthamiana and Pichia pastoris.
abstract: VHHs or nanobodies are widely acknowledged as interesting diagnostic and therapeutic tools. However, for some applications, multivalent antibody formats, such as the dimeric VHH-Fc format, are desired to increase the functional affinity. The scope of this study was to compare transient expression of diagnostic VHH-Fc antibodies in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves with their stable expression in Arabidopsis thaliana seeds and Pichia pastoris. To this end, VHH-Fc antibodies targeting green fluorescent protein or the A. thaliana seed storage proteins (albumin and globulin) were produced in the three platforms. Differences were mainly observed in the accumulation levels and glycosylation patterns. Interestingly, although in plants oligomannosidic N-glycans were expected for KDEL-tagged VHH-Fcs, several VHH-Fcs with an intact KDEL-tag carried complex-type N-glycans, suggesting a dysfunctional retention in the endoplasmic reticulum. All VHH-Fcs were equally functional across expression platforms and several outperformed their corresponding VHH in terms of sensitivity in ELISA.
authors: Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Gent, Belgium.|Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium.
authors: Thomas
authors: T
authors: De Meyer
authors: Department of Medical Protein Research, Unit for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, Gent, Belgium.|Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Laboratory for Protein Biochemistry and Biomolecular Engineering, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium.
authors: Bram
authors: B
authors: Laukens
authors: Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Gent, Belgium.|Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium.
authors: Jonah
authors: J
authors: Nolf
authors: Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Gent, Belgium.|Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium.
authors: Els
authors: E
authors: Van Lerberge
authors: Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Gent, Belgium.|Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium.
authors: Riet
authors: R
authors: De Rycke
authors: Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Gent, Belgium.|Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium.
authors: Ans
authors: A
authors: De Beuckelaer
authors: Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Gent, Belgium.|Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium.
authors: Sylvie
authors: S
authors: De Buck
authors: Department of Medical Protein Research, Unit for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, Gent, Belgium.|Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Laboratory for Protein Biochemistry and Biomolecular Engineering, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium.
authors: Nico
authors: N
authors: Callewaert
authors: Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Gent, Belgium.|Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium.
authors: Ann
authors: A
authors: Depicker
mesh_terms: D000917:Antibody Formation / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D007141:Immunoglobulin Fc Fragments / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D010843:Pichia / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified; D012639:Seeds / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014026:Nicotiana / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D007141:Immunoglobulin Fc Fragments
keywords: N-glycosylation; avidity; heavy-chain antibody; molecular farming; nanobody; recombinant protein production