title: Trends in gestational weight gain: the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System, 2000-2009.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Achieving adequate gestational weight gain (GWG) is important for optimal health of the infant and mother. We estimate current population-based trends of GWG.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analyzed data from the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System for 124,348 women who delivered live infants in 14 states during 2000 through 2009. We examined prevalence and trends in GWG in pounds as a continuous variable, and within 1990 Institute of Medicine (IOM) recommendations (yes/no) as a dichotomous variable. We examined adjusted trends in mean GWG using multivariable linear regression and GWG within recommendations using multivariable multinomial logistic regression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During 2000 through 2009, 35.8% of women gained within IOM GWG recommendations, 44.4% gained above, and 19.8% gained below. From 2000 through 2009, there was a biennial 1.0 percentage point decrease in women gaining within IOM GWG recommendations (P trend < .01) and a biennial 0.8 percentage point increase in women gaining above IOM recommendations (P trend < .01). The percentage of women gaining weight below IOM recommendations remained relatively constant from 2000 through 2009 (P trend = .14). The adjusted odds of gaining within IOM recommendations were lower in 2006 through 2007 (adjusted odds ratio, 0.90; 95% confidence interval, 0.85-0.96) and 2008 through 2009 (adjusted odds ratio, 0.90; 95% confidence interval, 0.85-0.96) relative to 2000 through 2001.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Overall, from 2000 through 2009 the percentage of women gaining within IOM recommendations slightly decreased while mean GWG slightly increased. Efforts are needed to develop and implement strategies to ensure that women achieve GWG within recommendations.
authors: Division of Reproductive Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA; Epidemic Intelligence Service, Division of Scientific Education and Professional Development, Office of Public Health Scientific Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA; US Public Health Service Commissioned Corps, Atlanta, GA. Electronic address: jljohnson1@cdc.gov.
authors: Jonetta L
authors: JL
authors: Johnson
authors: Division of Reproductive Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA.
authors: Sherry L
authors: SL
authors: Farr
authors: Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, Sexually Transmitted Diseases, and Tuberculosis Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA.
authors: Patricia M
authors: PM
authors: Dietz
authors: Division of Reproductive Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA; US Public Health Service Commissioned Corps, Atlanta, GA.
authors: Andrea J
authors: AJ
authors: Sharma
authors: Division of Reproductive Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA; US Public Health Service Commissioned Corps, Atlanta, GA.
authors: Wanda D
authors: WD
authors: Barfield
authors: Division of Reproductive Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA.
authors: Cheryl L
authors: CL
authors: Robbins
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D017408:Guidelines as Topic; D006801:Humans; D011247:Pregnancy; D018570:Risk Assessment; D013997:Time Factors; D015430:Weight Gain; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Institute of Medicine gestational weight gain recommendations; Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System; gestational weight gain; prepregnancy body mass index; trend
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