title: Detection of the Epstein-Barr virus, Human Bocavirus and novel KI and KU polyomaviruses in adenotonsillar tissues.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We aimed to investigate the seasonal disturbations and the rates of detection of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), Human Bocavirus (HBoV), and polyomaviruses KI and WU (KIPyV and WUPyV) in adenoid and tonsil tissues during the absence of acute infection symptoms.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional prospective study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tertiary hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  DNA expressions of EBV, HBoV, polyomaviruses KIPyV and WUPyV were investigated in children with chronic tonsillar and adenoidal diseases using real-time polymerase chain reaction. The patients were grouped as follows: adenoid, recurrent tonsillitis and hypertrophic tonsillitis group. The relationships of the expressions of these viruses with age, gender, recurrent infection and airway obstruction were also analyzed. Seasonal variations in rates of detection of these viruses in adenoid and tonsil tissues were also investigated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Considering adenoid specimens, HBoV was found to be the most frequent virus with the rate of 43.1%. In specimens of recurrent tonsillitis and hypertrophic tonsils, EBV was the most frequently encountered virus (53.8%, and 32.0%, respectively). In children with hypertrophic adenoids, while HBoV was detected to be positive throughout the year, EBV was present throughout the year in children with recurrent tonsillitis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The detection of HBoV and EBV throughout the year in samples of children with asymptomatic chronic adenotonsillar diseases may indicate that these viruses may remain persistently in lymphoepithelial tissues of upper respiratory tract. Virus persistence may have a pathogenetic potential for development of lymphoid hypertrophy and a chronic stimulatory effect for inflammation.
authors: Adnan Menderes Üniversity Faculty of Medicine, Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Aydın, Turkey. Electronic address: drgunel@hotmail.com.
authors: Ceren
authors: C
authors: Günel
authors: Adnan Menderes Üniversity, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Microbiology, Aydın, Turkey. Electronic address: sevin.kirdar@gmail.com.
authors: Sevin
authors: S
authors: Kırdar
authors: Adnan Menderes Üniversity, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Bioistatistic, Aydın, Turkey. Electronic address: imran.omurlu@adu.edu.tr.
authors: İmran Kurt
authors: İK
authors: Ömürlü
authors: Adnan Menderes Üniversity Faculty of Medicine, Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Aydın, Turkey. Electronic address: dr.fagdas@gmail.com.
authors: Fatih
authors: F
authors: Ağdaş
mesh_terms: D000234:Adenoids / Q000821:virology*; D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D004854:Herpesvirus 4, Human / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D056661:Human bocavirus / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D006801:Humans; D006984:Hypertrophy; D008297:Male; D014066:Palatine Tonsil / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology*; D011120:Polyomavirus / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012621:Seasons; D014069:Tonsillitis / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D004279:DNA, Viral
keywords: Adenoid hypertrophy; Epstein–Barr virus; Human Bocavirus; Polyomavirus; Recurrent tonsillit; Tonsil hypertrophy