title: Multiple pathways regulate shoot branching.
abstract: Shoot branching patterns result from the spatio-temporal regulation of axillary bud outgrowth. Numerous endogenous, developmental and environmental factors are integrated at the bud and plant levels to determine numbers of growing shoots. Multiple pathways that converge to common integrators are most probably involved. We propose several pathways involving not only the classical hormones auxin, cytokinins and strigolactones, but also other signals with a strong influence on shoot branching such as gibberellins, sugars or molecular actors of plant phase transition. We also deal with recent findings about the molecular mechanisms and the pathway involved in the response to shade as an example of an environmental signal controlling branching. We propose the TEOSINTE BRANCHED1, CYCLOIDEA, PCF transcription factor TB1/BRC1 and the polar auxin transport stream in the stem as possible integrators of these pathways. We finally discuss how modeling can help to represent this highly dynamic system by articulating knowledges and hypothesis and calculating the phenotype properties they imply.
authors: Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, UMR 1318, ERL CNRS 3559, Saclay Plant Sciences , Versailles, France ; Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, AgroParisTech, UMR 1318, ERL CNRS 3559, Saclay Plant Sciences , Versailles, France.
authors: Catherine
authors: C
authors: Rameau
authors: UMR1345 IRHS, INRA, SFR 4207 QUASAV, Beaucouzé , France.
authors: Jessica
authors: J
authors: Bertheloot
authors: UMR1345 IRHS, Université d'Angers, SFR 4207 QUASAV, Angers , France.
authors: Nathalie
authors: N
authors: Leduc
authors: UMR1091 EGC, INRA, Thiverval-Grignon , France ; UMR1091 EGC, AgroParisTech, Thiverval-Grignon , France.
authors: Bruno
authors: B
authors: Andrieu
authors: UMR1345 IRHS, INRA, SFR 4207 QUASAV, Beaucouzé , France.
authors: Fabrice
authors: F
authors: Foucher
authors: UMR1345 IRHS, Agrocampus-Ouest, SFR 4207 QUASAV, Angers , France.
authors: Soulaiman
authors: S
authors: Sakr
keywords: apical dominance; axillary bud outgrowth; cytokinins; flowering; modeling; polar auxin transport; shade avoidance; strigolactone
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