title: Nutritional ingredients modulate adipokine secretion and inflammation in human primary adipocytes.
abstract: Nutritional factors such as casein hydrolysates and long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids have been proposed to exert beneficial metabolic effects. We aimed to investigate how a casein hydrolysate (eCH) and long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids could affect human primary adipocyte function in vitro. Incubation conditions with the different nutritional factors were validated by assessing cell vitality with lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release and neutral red incorporation. Intracellular triglyceride content was assessed with Oil Red O staining. The effect of eCH, a non-peptidic amino acid mixture (AA), and long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs) on adiponectin and leptin secretion was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Intracellular adiponectin expression and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activation were analyzed by Western blot, while monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) release was explored by ELISA. The eCH concentration dependently increased adiponectin secretion in human primary adipocytes through its intrinsic peptide bioactivity, since the non-peptidic mixture, AA, could not mimic eCH's effects on adiponectin secretion. Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and DHA combined with arachidonic acid (ARA) upregulated adiponectin secretion. However, only DHA and DHA/ARA exerted a potentanti-inflammatory effect reflected by prevention of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) induced NF-κB activation and MCP-1 secretion in human adipocytes. eCH and DHA alone or in combination with ARA, may hold the key for nutritional programming through their anti-inflammatory action to prevent diseases with low-grade chronic inflammation such as obesity or diabetes.
authors: Paul Langerhans Group for Integrative Physiology, German Diabetes Center, Auf'm Hennekamp 65, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany. tania.romacho@ddz.uni-duesseldorf.de.
authors: Tania
authors: T
authors: Romacho
authors: Paul Langerhans Group for Integrative Physiology, German Diabetes Center, Auf'm Hennekamp 65, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany. Philipp_Glosse@gmx.de.
authors: Philipp
authors: P
authors: Glosse
authors: Paul Langerhans Group for Integrative Physiology, German Diabetes Center, Auf'm Hennekamp 65, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany. richter_isabel@gmx.de.
authors: Isabel
authors: I
authors: Richter
authors: Paul Langerhans Group for Integrative Physiology, German Diabetes Center, Auf'm Hennekamp 65, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany. manuela.elsen@ddz.uni-duesseldorf.de.
authors: Manuela
authors: M
authors: Elsen
authors: Global Discovery, Mead Johnson Pediatric Nutrition Institute, Middenkampweg 2, Nijmegen, 6545 CJ, The Netherlands. Marieke.Schoemaker@mjn.com.
authors: Marieke H
authors: MH
authors: Schoemaker
authors: Global Discovery, Mead Johnson Pediatric Nutrition Institute, Middenkampweg 2, Nijmegen, 6545 CJ, The Netherlands. Ric.VanTol@mjn.com.
authors: Eric A
authors: EA
authors: van Tol
authors: Paul Langerhans Group for Integrative Physiology, German Diabetes Center, Auf'm Hennekamp 65, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany. eckel@uni-duesseldorf.de.
authors: Jürgen
authors: J
authors: Eckel
mesh_terms: D017667:Adipocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D054392:Adipokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D002364:Caseins / Q000378:metabolism*; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D018932:Chemokine CCL2 / Q000378:metabolism; D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D015118:Eicosapentaenoic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000378:metabolism*; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000378:metabolism; D020738:Leptin / Q000378:metabolism; D008894:Milk Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D054392:Adipokines; C111835:CCL2 protein, human; D002364:Caseins; D018932:Chemokine CCL2; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; D020738:Leptin; D008894:Milk Proteins; D016328:NF-kappa B; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids; C475729:casein hydrolysate; D015118:Eicosapentaenoic Acid; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase
references: Pediatr Clin North Am. 2001 Aug;48(4):931-53
references: 11494644
references: Proc Nutr Soc. 2010 May;69(2):232-43
references: 20158940
references: Int J Pediatr Endocrinol. 2009;2009:327505
references: 20049153
references: Int J Pediatr Obes. 2008;3(3):130-40
references: 19086185
references: J Nutr. 2013 Sep;143(9):1367-75
references: 23843475
references: Nat Rev Immunol. 2011 Feb;11(2):85-97
references: 21252989
references: Mar Drugs. 2012 Nov;10(11):2535-59
references: 23203276
references: Adv Nutr. 2011 Jul;2(4):304-16
references: 22332072
references: Early Hum Dev. 2007 May;83(5):279-84
references: 17240089
references: Cornell Vet. 1973 Oct;63(4):666-76
references: 4584037
references: J Lipid Res. 2001 May;42(5):743-50
references: 11352981
references: Obes Rev. 2007 Mar;8 Suppl 1:45-9
references: 17316301
references: Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2009 Mar;296(3):E480-9
references: 19088251
references: Eur J Clin Nutr. 2014 Jan;68(1):25-31
references: 24169460
references: Diabetes. 2005 Jul;54(7):2003-11
references: 15983200
references: Physiol Res. 2014;63 Suppl 1:S93-118
references: 24564669
references: J Chromatogr. 1991 Jul 12;548(1-2):361-70
references: 1939434
references: Curr Opin Lipidol. 2003 Dec;14(6):561-6
references: 14624132
references: Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2010 Jan 15;314(1):1-16
references: 19682539
references: PLoS One. 2013;8(5):e63997
references: 23734181
references: Am J Clin Nutr. 2007 Jun;85(6):1457-64
references: 17556680
references: J Anim Sci. 2012 Dec;90 Suppl 4:403-5
references: 23365393
references: Biochem J. 2008 Feb 1;409(3):623-33
references: 18177270
references: J Cell Mol Med. 2011 May;15(5):1177-88
references: 20518853
references: Nat Med. 2002 Jul;8(7):731-7
references: 12068289
references: Curr Mol Med. 2005 May;5(3):333-9
references: 15892652
references: Nutrients. 2009 Feb;1(2):178-96
references: 22253977
references: Proc Nutr Soc. 2009 Nov;68(4):361-9
references: 19698199
references: Diabetes. 2012 Aug;61(8):1969-73
references: 22648385
references: Diabetologia. 2013 Aug;56(8):1781-91
references: 23748859
references: Obes Facts. 2012;5(1):138-50
references: 22433625
references: Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2010 Dec;35(6):783-9
references: 21164549
references: Obesity (Silver Spring). 2006 Aug;14(8):1371-7
references: 16988079
references: Peptides. 2013 Jan;39:157-63
references: 23219487
references: Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2000 Apr 13;270(2):343-8
references: 10753628
references: Proc Nutr Soc. 2000 May;59(2):267-72
references: 10946795
references: Br J Nutr. 2008 Sep;100(3):461-70
references: 18307824
references: Proc Nutr Soc. 2010 Aug;69(3):324-32
references: 20540825
references: Clin Sci (Lond). 2009 Jan;116(1):1-16
references: 19037880
references: Pediatrics. 2009 Jan;123(1):e67-73
references: 19117849
references: Adv Nutr. 2012 May;3(3):370-6
references: 22585914
references: Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2005 Aug;289(2):R486-R494
references: 16014450
references: J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2008 Jun;121(6):1442-7
references: 18539195
references: Physiol Rev. 2005 Apr;85(2):571-633
references: 15788706
references: Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2005 Jun;288(6):R1682-8
references: 15650121
references: Mol Nutr Food Res. 2012 Jul;56(7):1081-9
references: 22611002
references: Br J Nutr. 2004 Sep;92(3):347-55
references: 15469638
references: J Nutr. 2006 Dec;136(12):2965-9
references: 17116704
references: Acta Physiol (Oxf). 2014 Apr;210(4):733-53
references: 24495317
references: J Dairy Res. 2010 May;77(2):176-82
references: 20053315
references: Diabetes Metab Res Rev. 2012 Sep;28(6):505-13
references: 22539454
references: J Physiol Biochem. 2006 Jun;62(2):61-9
references: 17217160
references: J Immunol. 2011 Nov 15;187(10):5408-18
references: 22013115
references: Obesity (Silver Spring). 2011 Feb;19(2):262-8
references: 20814411
references: Immunobiology. 2008;213(2):133-41
references: 18241697
references: Diabetologia. 2009 May;52(5):941-51
references: 19277604
references: Cell. 2010 Sep 3;142(5):687-98
references: 20813258
references: J Proteome Res. 2014 Feb 7;13(2):1055-64
references: 24694256
references: Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 2013 Aug;45(8):1730-47
references: 23660296
references: Food Sci Nutr. 2014 Nov;2(6):712-23
references: 25493190