title: An early secretory pathway mediated by GNOM-LIKE 1 and GNOM is essential for basal polarity establishment in Arabidopsis thaliana.
abstract: Spatial regulation of the plant hormone indole-3-acetic acid (IAA, or auxin) is essential for plant development. Auxin gradient establishment is mediated by polarly localized auxin transporters, including PIN-FORMED (PIN) proteins. Their localization and abundance at the plasma membrane are tightly regulated by endomembrane machinery, especially the endocytic and recycling pathways mediated by the ADP ribosylation factor guanine nucleotide exchange factor (ARF-GEF) GNOM. We assessed the role of the early secretory pathway in establishing PIN1 polarity in Arabidopsis thaliana by pharmacological and genetic approaches. We identified the compound endosidin 8 (ES8), which selectively interferes with PIN1 basal polarity without altering the polarity of apical proteins. ES8 alters the auxin distribution pattern in the root and induces a strong developmental phenotype, including reduced root length. The ARF-GEF-defective mutants gnom-like 1 (gnl1-1) and gnom (van7) are significantly resistant to ES8. The compound does not affect recycling or vacuolar trafficking of PIN1 but leads to its intracellular accumulation, resulting in loss of PIN1 basal polarity at the plasma membrane. Our data confirm a role for GNOM in endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-Golgi trafficking and reveal that a GNL1/GNOM-mediated early secretory pathway selectively regulates PIN1 basal polarity establishment in a manner essential for normal plant development.
authors: Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 90183 Umeå, Sweden;
authors: Siamsa M
authors: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4889-3496
authors: SM
authors: Doyle
authors: Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 90183 Umeå, Sweden;
authors: Ash
authors: A
authors: Haeger
authors: Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 90183 Umeå, Sweden;
authors: Thomas
authors: T
authors: Vain
authors: Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 90183 Umeå, Sweden;
authors: Adeline
authors: A
authors: Rigal
authors: Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden;
authors: Corrado
authors: C
authors: Viotti
authors: Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 90183 Umeå, Sweden;
authors: Małgorzata
authors: M
authors: Łangowska
authors: Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 90183 Umeå, Sweden;
authors: Qian
authors: Q
authors: Ma
authors: Department of Plant Systems Biology, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie and Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria; and.
authors: Jiří
authors: J
authors: Friml
authors: Center for Plant Cell Biology and Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521 Stephanie.Robert@slu.se nraikhel@ucr.edu.
authors: Natasha V
authors: NV
authors: Raikhel
authors: Center for Plant Cell Biology and Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521.
authors: Glenn R
authors: GR
authors: Hicks
authors: Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 90183 Umeå, Sweden; Stephanie.Robert@slu.se nraikhel@ucr.edu.
authors: Stéphanie
authors: S
authors: Robert
mesh_terms: D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology*; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D004705:Endocytosis; D020662:Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors / Q000502:physiology*; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D021381:Protein Transport
chemical_list: D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; C522273:GNL1 protein, Arabidopsis; C088087:GNOM protein, Arabidopsis; D020662:Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins; C116363:PIN1 protein, Arabidopsis
keywords: PIN auxin transporters; chemical genomics; endomembrane trafficking; plasma membrane protein polarity
references: Plant J. 2008 Jan;53(1):29-41
references: 17971043
references: Cell. 2002 Mar 8;108(5):661-73
references: 11893337
references: Traffic. 2011 Nov;12(11):1552-62
references: 21801289
references: Nat Cell Biol. 2006 Mar;8(3):249-56
references: 16489343
references: Plant Physiol. 2008 Aug;147(4):1482-92
references: 18678740
references: Plant Cell. 2014 Jul;26(7):3062-76
references: 25012191
references: Nat Chem Biol. 2009 May;5(5):268-72
references: 19377447
references: EMBO J. 1998 Dec 1;17(23):6903-11
references: 9843496
references: Cell. 2008 Apr 4;133(1):177-91
references: 18394997
references: J Biol Chem. 2010 Jul 23;285(30):23309-17
references: 20472555
references: Curr Biol. 2009 Mar 10;19(5):391-7
references: 19230664
references: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1997 Mar 18;94(6):2122-7
references: 9122158
references: Nature. 2006 Sep 7;443(7107):106-9
references: 16936718
references: Nature. 2001 Sep 27;413(6854):425-8
references: 11574889
references: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004 Jun 22;101(25):9497-501
references: 15190181
references: Cell. 2009 Mar 20;136(6):1005-16
references: 19303845
references: Cell. 2003 Jan 24;112(2):219-30
references: 12553910
references: Curr Biol. 2003 Aug 19;13(16):1378-87
references: 12932321
references: Nature. 2005 Jan 6;433(7021):39-44
references: 15635403
references: Plant Cell. 2004 Nov;16(11):3069-83
references: 15486104
references: Cell Mol Life Sci. 2008 Nov;65(21):3433-45
references: 18604628
references: BMC Chem Biol. 2008 Jan 07;8:1
references: 18179719
references: Mol Plant. 2013 Nov;6(6):1849-62
references: 23770835
references: Chem Biol. 2007 Dec;14(12):1366-76
references: 18096505
references: Development. 2000 Aug;127(15):3197-204
references: 10887076
references: Plant Cell Physiol. 2014 Apr;55(4):737-49
references: 24369434
references: Plant J. 2002 Oct;32(2):243-53
references: 12383089
references: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2005 Mar 29;102(13):4902-7
references: 15772170
references: Science. 2004 Oct 29;306(5697):862-5
references: 15514156
references: Curr Biol. 2010 May 25;20(10):904-8
references: 20451385
references: Plant Cell. 2005 Nov;17(11):2922-39
references: 16243904
references: Cell. 2008 Apr 4;133(1):164-76
references: 18394996
references: Nat Protoc. 2006;1(1):98-103
references: 17406218
references: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008 Mar 18;105(11):4489-94
references: 18337510
references: EMBO J. 2001 Sep 3;20(17):4730-41
references: 11532937
references: Plant Cell. 1998 Nov;10(11):1927-40
references: 9811799
references: Nature. 2003 Nov 20;426(6964):255-60
references: 14628043
references: J Biochem. 2004 Dec;136(6):761-7
references: 15671486
references: Plant Cell. 2011 May;23(5):1920-31
references: 21551390
references: Mol Plant. 2012 Jul;5(4):772-86
references: 22199236
references: Cell. 2007 Sep 21;130(6):1044-56
references: 17889649
references: Curr Biol. 2013 Dec 16;23(24):2506-12
references: 24291089
references: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008 Nov 18;105(46):17812-7
references: 19004783
references: Plant Cell. 2002 Dec;14(12):3009-28
references: 12468724
references: Traffic. 2011 Mar;12(3):313-29
references: 21134079
references: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2009 Mar 17;106(11):4284-9
references: 19246387
references: Curr Biol. 2007 Mar 20;17(6):520-7
references: 17306539
references: Plant Cell. 2006 Nov;18(11):3171-81
references: 17114355
references: Plant J. 2008 Jan;53(2):237-47
references: 17999644
references: Nature. 2002 Feb 14;415(6873):806-9
references: 11845211
references: Cell. 2007 Sep 21;130(6):1057-70
references: 17889650
references: Nat Cell Biol. 2012 Jan;14(1):80-6
references: 22138577
references: Plant Cell. 2007 Aug;19(8):2430-9
references: 17704214
references: Cell. 2003 Nov 26;115(5):591-602
references: 14651850
references: Nat Cell Biol. 2012 Oct;14(10):991-8
references: 22983115
references: Development. 2014 Aug;141(15):2924-38
references: 25053426
references: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2010 Dec 14;107(50):21890-5
references: 21118984
references: Plant J. 2003 Aug;35(4):545-55
references: 12904216
references: J Biol Chem. 2008 Aug 1;283(31):21817-26
references: 18499676
references: Nature. 2007 Jul 26;448(7152):493-6
references: 17653191
references: Plant J. 2008 Jan;53(1):186-96
references: 17931350
references: Plant Physiol. 2014 Jun 19;165(4):1521-1532
references: 24948829
references: J Exp Bot. 2013 Feb;64(4):921-33
references: 23293348
references: Elife. 2014;3:e02131
references: 24714496
references: Plant Cell. 2005 Feb;17(2):525-36
references: 15659621
references: Science. 2006 May 12;312(5775):914-8
references: 16601150
references: Plant J. 2005 Oct;44(2):179-94
references: 16212599
references: Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol. 2008;24:447-73
references: 18837671
references: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008 Jun 17;105(24):8464-9
references: 18550817
references: Plant Cell Physiol. 1997 May;38(5):530-5
references: 9210330
references: Nature. 2007 Jul 26;448(7152):488-92
references: 17653190
references: Curr Opin Plant Biol. 2010 Dec;13(6):706-13
references: 20851666
references: Development. 2001 Oct;128(20):4057-67
references: 11641228
references: Curr Biol. 2006 Nov 7;16(21):2143-9
references: 17084699
references: Science. 2006 May 12;312(5775):883
references: 16601151
references: Plant Cell. 2006 Mar;18(3):715-30
references: 16461582
references: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2011 Oct 25;108(43):17850-5
references: 22006339
references: Plant Cell. 2009 Dec;21(12):3839-49
references: 20040538
references: Plant J. 1998 Nov;16(3):393-401
references: 9881160
references: Mol Syst Biol. 2011;7:540
references: 22027551
references: Science. 1998 Dec 18;282(5397):2226-30
references: 9856939
references: Nature. 2003 Nov 13;426(6963):147-53
references: 14614497
references: Genes Dev. 2001 Oct 15;15(20):2648-53
references: 11641271
references: Plant Cell. 2007 Jan;19(1):131-47
references: 17237354
references: Science. 1999 Oct 8;286(5438):316-8
references: 10514379
references: Plant Cell. 2010 Aug;22(8):2812-24
references: 20729380
references: Plant J. 2003 Apr;34(1):115-24
references: 12662314
references: Curr Biol. 2008 Apr 8;18(7):526-31
references: 18394892
references: Curr Biol. 2002 Feb 19;12(4):329-34
references: 11864575
references: Genes Dev. 1998 Jul 15;12(14):2175-87
references: 9679062
references: Plant Cell. 2008 Jan;20(1):101-23
references: 18239134
references: Mol Plant. 2011 May;4(3):487-504
references: 21505044