title: Gallic acid exerts a protective or an anti-proliferative effect on glioma T98G cells via dose-dependent epigenetic regulation mediated by miRNAs.
abstract: Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most malignant primary brain tumor in adulthood, characterized by very high recurrence. Following the limited results for conventional therapies, novel therapeutic agents are under investigation. Among the putative new molecules, gallic acid (GA) represents a promising new anticancer drug. The anticancer effect of this drug has been based on its antioxidant effects. The aim of the present study was to investigate the toxic effects of GA on the T98G human glioblastoma cell line and its capacity to modulate the expression of microRNAs targeting the genes involved in tumor growth and invasion. Cytotoxicity, clonogenic ability and cell migration after GA treatment were tested. Moreover, the expression of miRNAs that target genes for antioxidant mitochondrial enzymes (mir-17-3p), p-21 protein (mir-21-5p) and ATM (mir-421-5p) was determined by qRT-PCR. The results confirmed in the T98G cells the anti-proliferative effect of GA reported for other glioma cell lines and showed that the miRNA expression changes depending on GA concentrations. Different GA concentrations can determine a protective or a toxic effect on tumor cells. Thus, the key for GA to induce a specific anticancer action is to use an optimal concentration that avoids these twin effects.
authors: Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Laboratory of Neuro Radio Experimental Biology, 'Lazzaro Spallanzani', University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
authors: Alessandro
authors: A
authors: Paolini
authors: Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Laboratory of Immunology and Genetic Analysis, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
authors: Valeria
authors: V
authors: Curti
authors: Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Laboratory of Neuro Radio Experimental Biology, 'Lazzaro Spallanzani', University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
authors: Francesca
authors: F
authors: Pasi
authors: IGM-CNR Histochemistry and Cytometry Section, Department of Animal Biology, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
authors: Giuliano
authors: G
authors: Mazzini
authors: Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Laboratory of Neuro Radio Experimental Biology, 'Lazzaro Spallanzani', University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
authors: Rosanna
authors: R
authors: Nano
authors: Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Laboratory of Immunology and Genetic Analysis, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
authors: Enrica
authors: E
authors: Capelli
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D044127:Epigenesis, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects; D005707:Gallic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000187:drug effects; D005909:Glioblastoma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000235:genetics*; D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; C524941:MIRN17 microRNA, human; C524940:MIRN21 microRNA, human; C547665:MIRN421 microRNA, human; D035683:MicroRNAs; D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins; D005707:Gallic Acid
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