title: Double Exposure and the Climate Gap: Changing demographics and extreme heat in Ciudad Juárez, Mexico.
abstract: Scholars have recognized a climate gap, wherein poor communities face disproportionate impacts of climate change. Others have noted that climate change and economic globalization may mutually affect a region or social group, leading to double exposure. This paper investigates how current and changing patterns of neighborhood demographics are associated with extreme heat in the border city of Juárez, Mexico. Many Juárez neighborhoods are at-risk to triple exposures, in which residents suffer due to the conjoined effects of the global recession, drug war violence, and extreme heat. Due to impacts of the recession onmaquiladoraemployment and the explosion of drug violence (since 2008), over 75% of neighborhoods experienced decreasing population density between 2000 and 2010 and the average neighborhood saw a 40% increase in the proportion of older adults. Neighborhoods with greater drops in population density and increases in the proportion of older residents over the decade are at significantly higher risk to extreme heat, as are neighborhoods with lower population density and lower levels of education. In this context, triple exposures are associated with a climate gap that most endangers lower socioeconomic status and increasingly older aged populations remaining in neighborhoods from which high proportions of residents have departed.
authors: University of Texas at El Paso.
authors: Sara E
authors: SE
authors: Grineski
authors: University of Texas at El Paso.
authors: Timothy W
authors: TW
authors: Collins
authors: Texas A & M University.
authors: Yolanda J
authors: YJ
authors: McDonald
authors: University of Texas at El Paso.
authors: Raed
authors: R
authors: Aldouri
authors: University of Texas at El Paso.
authors: Faraj
authors: F
authors: Aboargob
authors: University of Texas at El Paso.
authors: Abdelatif
authors: A
authors: Eldeb
authors: El Colegio de la Frontera Norte-Ciudad.
authors: María de Lourdes Romo
authors: ML
authors: Aguilar
authors: Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez.
authors: Juárez Gilberto
authors: JG
authors: Velázquez-Angulo
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