title: The effect of CYP, GST, and SULT polymorphisms and their interaction with smoking on the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma.
abstract: Aim. The aim of our study was to assess whether selected single nucleotide polymorphisms of CYP1A1 and 2E1, GSTM1, GSTT1, and SULT1A1 influence susceptibility towards HCC, considering their interaction with cigarette smoking. Methods. We recruited HCC cases and controls among patients admitted to the hospital "Agostino Gemelli," from January 2005 until July 2010. Odds ratios (OR) of HCC were derived from unconditional multiple logistic regression. Gene-gene and gene-smoking interaction were quantified by computing the attributable proportion (AP) due to biological interaction. Results. The presence of any CYP2E1 (*) 5B variant allele (OR: 0.23; 95% CI: 0.06-0.71) and CYP2E1 (*) 6 variant allele (OR: 0.08; 95% CI: 0.01-0.33) was inversely related to HCC. There was a borderline increased risk among carriers of combined CYP1A1 (*) 2A and SULT1A1 variant alleles (OR: 1.67; 95% CI: 0.97-3.24). A significant biological interaction was observed between GSTT1 and smoking (AP = 0.48; 95% CI: 0.001-0.815), with an OR of 3.13 (95% CI: 1.69-5.82), and borderline significant interaction was observed for SULT1A1 and smoking (AP = 0.36; 95% CI: -0.021-0.747), with an OR of 3.05 (95% CI: 1.73-5.40). Conclusion. CYP2E1 (*) 5B and CYP2E1 (*) 6 polymorphisms have a favourable effect on the development of HCC, while polymorphisms of GSTT1 and SULT1A1 might play role in increasing the susceptibility among smokers.
authors: Institute of Public Health, Section of Hygiene, Department of Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy ; IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Via della Pisana 235, 00163 Rome, Italy.
authors: Stefania
authors: S
authors: Boccia
authors: Institute of Internal Medicine, Gemelli Hospital, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy ; Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology Unit, Complesso Integrato Columbus, Via Giuseppe Moscati 31-33, 00168 Rome, Italy.
authors: Luca
authors: L
authors: Miele
authors: Institute of Public Health, Section of Hygiene, Department of Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy ; University Clinical-Hospital Center "Dr Dragisa Misovic-Dedinje", Milana Tepica 1, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
authors: Nikola
authors: 0000-0002-5930-9884
authors: N
authors: Panic
authors: Department of Epidemiology, IRCCS Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", Via La Masa 19, 20156 Milan, Italy.
authors: Federica
authors: 0000-0002-5841-5773
authors: F
authors: Turati
authors: Institute of Public Health, Section of Hygiene, Department of Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy.
authors: Dario
authors: D
authors: Arzani
authors: Institute of Internal Medicine, Gemelli Hospital, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy.
authors: Consuelo
authors: C
authors: Cefalo
authors: Institute of Public Health, Section of Hygiene, Department of Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy.
authors: Rosarita
authors: R
authors: Amore
authors: University Clinical-Hospital Center "Dr Dragisa Misovic-Dedinje", Milana Tepica 1, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia ; Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica 8, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
authors: Milutin
authors: 0000-0001-6106-6327
authors: M
authors: Bulajic
authors: Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology Division, Gemelli Hospital, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy.
authors: Maurizio
authors: M
authors: Pompili
authors: Institute of Internal Medicine, Gemelli Hospital, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy ; Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology Unit, Complesso Integrato Columbus, Via Giuseppe Moscati 31-33, 00168 Rome, Italy.
authors: Gianlodovico
authors: G
authors: Rapaccini
authors: Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology Division, Gemelli Hospital, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy.
authors: Antonio
authors: A
authors: Gasbarrini
authors: Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Festa del Perdono 7, 20122 Milan, Italy.
authors: Carlo
authors: C
authors: La Vecchia
authors: Institute of Internal Medicine, Gemelli Hospital, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy.
authors: Antonio
authors: A
authors: Grieco
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015239:Arylsulfotransferase / Q000235:genetics*; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D019363:Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1 / Q000235:genetics*; D019392:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2E1 / Q000235:genetics*; D004843:Epistasis, Genetic; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide / Q000235:genetics*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D015239:Arylsulfotransferase; D019363:Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1; D019392:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2E1; D005982:Glutathione Transferase; C413545:glutathione S-transferase T1; C117544:SULT1A1 protein, human
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