title: Improving magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations: Development and evaluation of an intervention to reduce movement in scanners and facilitate scan completion.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The movement of patients in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanners results in motion artefacts which impair image quality. Non-completion of scans leads to delay in diagnosis and increased costs. This study aimed to develop and evaluate an intervention to enable patients to stay still in MRI scanners (reducing motion artefacts) and to enhance scan completion. Successful scan outcome was deemed to be completing the scan with no motion artefacts.
  
  
  METHODS
  Previous research indicated self-efficacy to predict successful scan outcome, and interviews with patients identified a need for procedural and sensory information to facilitate successful scan behaviour. A DVD intervention was developed which targeted self-efficacy and included procedural and sensory information. It was successfully piloted with 10 patients and then evaluated in a randomized controlled trial compared with the standard hospital information leaflet (intervention group N = 41; control group N = 42). The clinic radiographer, who was blind to group allocation, rated MRI scans for motion artefact and recorded whether the participant completed the scan; participants completed MRI self-efficacy and anxiety measures.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Only one participant reported not finding the DVD useful. Thirty-five participants in the intervention group and 23 in the control group completed scans and had no motion artefacts, χ(2) (1, 83) = 7.84, p < .001 (relative risk of an unsatisfactory outcome in the control group/intervention group = 3.09). The intervention effect was mediated by self-efficacy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The DVD intervention was efficacious and warrants further research to examine generalizability.
authors: School of Psychological Sciences & Manchester Centre for Health Psychology, University of Manchester, UK.
authors: Rachael
authors: R
authors: Powell
authors: Health Psychology Program, Faculty of Health Sciences, The National University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors: Mahadir
authors: M
authors: Ahmad
authors: Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, UK.
authors: Fiona J
authors: FJ
authors: Gilbert
authors: Clinical Research Imaging Centre, Queens Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, UK.
authors: David
authors: D
authors: Brian
authors: Health Psychology Group, Institute of Applied Health Sciences, University of Aberdeen, UK.
authors: Marie
authors: M
authors: Johnston
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001007:Anxiety / Q000523:psychology*; D016477:Artifacts; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods* / Q000523:psychology / Q000592:standards; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009068:Movement; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D010865:Pilot Projects; D058996:Quality Improvement; D020377:Self Efficacy; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D014741:Video Recording
keywords: anxiety; intervention; magnetic resonance imaging; motion artefact; self-efficacy