title: Small-dense LDL/large-buoyant LDL ratio associates with the metabolic syndrome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Heterogeneous particles of intermediate-density lipoprotein (IDL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) vary in atherogenesis. We investigated the association between the metabolic syndrome (MetS) score and lipoprotein subclasses.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 260 outpatients were scored into six groups, based on their number of MetS components. Lipoprotein subclass determined by polyacrylamide tube gel electrophoresis separates IDL particles into three midbands (MID-A to C) and LDL into larger-buoyant (LDL1 and LDL2) and small-dense LDL (LDL3 to LDL6).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean concentrations of VLDL, MIDC, LDL2, and LDL3 to LDL6 positively correlated with increasing MetS score, but those of MIDA, LDL1 and HDL-C inversely correlated. LDL2 and LDL3 to LDL6 increased while MIDA and LDL1 decreased with increasing visceral fat, HOMA-IR, and triglycerides, with a reverse pattern for HDL-C. MIDB and MIDC were unchanged. By logistic regression, LDL1 and LDL3 to LDL6 significantly associates with the MetS score (odds ratio=0.957 and 1.077, respectively). The ratio of (LDL3 to LDL6)/LDL1 in the presence of HDL-C, showed the strongest association with MetS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Respective subpopulations of IDL and LDL particles can vary in their ability to identify MetS. Because of the most strongly associated with MetS, (LDL3 to LDL6)/LDL1 ratio is proposed as an excellent marker for evaluating lipid metabolic status in patient with MetS.
authors: Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand.
authors: Pornpen
authors: P
authors: Srisawasdi
authors: Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. Electronic address: svanavanan47@gmail.com.
authors: Somlak
authors: S
authors: Vanavanan
authors: Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand.
authors: Mana
authors: M
authors: Rochanawutanon
authors: Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand.
authors: Khanat
authors: K
authors: Kruthkul
authors: Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke-City 329-0498, Japan.
authors: Kazuhiko
authors: K
authors: Kotani
authors: Quest Diagnostics, Madison, NJ 07940, USA.
authors: Martin H
authors: MH
authors: Kroll
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood; D050171:Dyslipidemias / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D053419:Lipoproteins, IDL / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000097:blood*; D008875:Middle Aged; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D053419:Lipoproteins, IDL; D014280:Triglycerides
keywords: Atherogenic dyslipidemia; Cardiovascular disease; Large-buoyant low density lipoprotein; Lipoprotein subpopulation; Metabolic syndrome; Small-dense low density lipoprotein