title: Effects of chronic hypoxia on cardiac function measured by pressure-volume catheter in fetal chickens.
abstract: Hypoxia is a common component of many developmental insults and has been studied in early-stage chicken development. However, its impact on cardiac function and arterial-ventricular coupling in late-stage chickens is relatively unknown. To test the hypothesis that hypoxic incubation would reduce baseline cardiac function but protect the heart during acute hypoxia in late-stage chickens, white Leghorn eggs were incubated at 21% O2 or 15% O2. At 90% of incubation (19 days), hypoxic incubation caused growth restriction (-20%) and increased the LV-to-body ratio (+41%). Left ventricular (LV) pressure-volume loops were measured in anesthetized chickens in normoxia and acute hypoxia (10% O2). Hypoxic incubation lowered the maximal rate of pressure generation (ΔP/ΔtMax; -22%) and output (-57%), whereas increasing end-systolic elastance (ELV; +31%) and arterial elastance (EA; +122%) at similar heart rates to normoxic incubation. Both hypoxic incubation and acute hypoxia lengthened the half-time of relaxation (τ; +24%). Acute hypoxia reduced heart rate (-8%) and increased end-diastolic pressure (+35%). Hearts were collected for mRNA analysis. Hypoxic incubation was marked by decreased mRNA expression of sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase 2, Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchanger 1, phospholamban, and ryanodine receptor. In summary, hypoxic incubation reduces LV function in the late-stage chicken by slowing pressure generation and relaxation, which may be driven by altered intracellular excitation-contraction coupling. Cardiac efficiency is greatly reduced after hypoxic incubation. In both incubation groups acute hypoxia reduced diastolic function.
authors: Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon; jonkers@ohsu.edu.
authors: Sonnet S
authors: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1097-2562
authors: SS
authors: Jonker
authors: Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon; Veterans Affairs Portland Health Care System, Portland, Oregon; and.
authors: George D
authors: GD
authors: Giraud
authors: Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon;
authors: Herbert M
authors: HM
authors: Espinoza
authors: Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon;
authors: Erica N
authors: EN
authors: Davis
authors: Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas.
authors: Dane A
authors: DA
authors: Crossley
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006328:Cardiac Catheterization; D002642:Chick Embryo; D002908:Chronic Disease; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D056966:Excitation Contraction Coupling; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D006321:Heart / Q000196:embryology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D017379:Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular / Q000196:embryology / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D000860:Hypoxia / Q000196:embryology / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D009200:Myocardial Contraction; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D013318:Stroke Volume / Q000235:genetics; D013997:Time Factors; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000196:embryology / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left / Q000235:genetics; D017725:Ventricular Pressure / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger
keywords: animal model; embryo; heart development; intrauterine growth restriction; prenatal hypoxia
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