title: Space flight effects on antioxidant molecules in dry tardigrades: the TARDIKISS experiment.
abstract: The TARDIKISS (Tardigrades in Space) experiment was part of the Biokon in Space (BIOKIS) payload, a set of multidisciplinary experiments performed during the DAMA (Dark Matter) mission organized by Italian Space Agency and Italian Air Force in 2011. This mission supported the execution of experiments in short duration (16 days) taking the advantage of the microgravity environment on board of the Space Shuttle Endeavour (its last mission STS-134) docked to the International Space Station. TARDIKISS was composed of three sample sets: one flight sample and two ground control samples. These samples provided the biological material used to test as space stressors, including microgravity, affected animal survivability, life cycle, DNA integrity, and pathways of molecules working as antioxidants. In this paper we compared the molecular pathways of some antioxidant molecules, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, and fatty acid composition between flight and control samples in two tardigrade species, namely, Paramacrobiotus richtersi and Ramazzottius oberhaeuseri. In both species, the activities of ROS scavenging enzymes, the total content of glutathione, and the fatty acids composition between flight and control samples showed few significant differences. TARDIKISS experiment, together with a previous space experiment (TARSE), further confirms that both desiccated and hydrated tardigrades represent useful animal tool for space research.
authors: Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via D. Trentacoste 2, 20134 Milano, Italy.
authors: Angela Maria
authors: AM
authors: Rizzo
authors: Department of Education and Human Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via A. Allegri 9, 42121 Reggio Emilia, Italy.
authors: Tiziana
authors: 0000-0001-6863-8754
authors: T
authors: Altiero
authors: Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via D. Trentacoste 2, 20134 Milano, Italy.
authors: Paola Antonia
authors: PA
authors: Corsetto
authors: Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via D. Trentacoste 2, 20134 Milano, Italy.
authors: Gigliola
authors: G
authors: Montorfano
authors: Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via G. Campi 213/D, 41125 Modena, Italy.
authors: Roberto
authors: 0000-0001-6079-2538
authors: R
authors: Guidetti
authors: Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via G. Campi 213/D, 41125 Modena, Italy.
authors: Lorena
authors: 0000-0002-0702-1846
authors: L
authors: Rebecchi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism*; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D005980:Glutathione Reductase / Q000378:metabolism; D013026:Space Flight; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D058467:Tardigrada / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000502:physiology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D005227:Fatty Acids; D002374:Catalase; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D005980:Glutathione Reductase
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