title: Simultaneous quantitation of chloroquine and primaquine by UPLC-DAD and comparison with a HPLC-DAD method.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Chloroquine and primaquine are the first-line treatment recommended by World Health Organization for malaria caused by Plasmodium vivax. Since the problem of counterfeit or substandard anti-malarials is well established all over the world, the development of rapid and reliable methods for quality control analysis of these drugs is essential. Thus, the aim of this study was to develop and validate a novel UPLC-DAD method for simultaneously quantifying chloroquine and primaquine in tablet formulations.
  
  
  METHODS
  The UPLC separation was carried out using a Hypersil C18 column (50 × 2.1 mm id; 1.9 μm particle size) and a mobile phase composed of acetonitrile (A) and 0.1% aqueous triethylamine, pH 3.0 adjusted with phosphoric acid (B), at a flow rate 0.6 mL/min. Gradient elution was employed. UV detection was performed at 260 nm. UPLC method was fully validated and the results were compared to a conventional HPLC-DAD method for the analysis of chloroquine and primaquine in tablet formulations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  UPLC method was shown to be linear (r2 > 0.99), precise (CV < 2.0%), accurate (recovery rates from 98.11 to 99.83%), specific, and robust. No significant differences were observed between the chloroquine and primaquine contents obtained by UPLC and HPLC methods. However, UPLC method promoted faster analyses, better chromatographic performance and lower solvent consumption.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The developed UPLC method was shown to be a rapid and suitable technique to quantify chloroquine and primaquine in pharmaceutical preparations and may be successfully employed for quality control analysis.
authors: Tiago A
authors: TA
authors: Miranda
authors: Pedro H R
authors: PH
authors: Silva
authors: Gerson A
authors: GA
authors: Pianetti
authors: Departamento de Produtos Farmacêuticos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av Pres Antônio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte, 31270-901, MG, Brazil. isaccesar@bol.com.br.
authors: Isabela C
authors: IC
authors: César
mesh_terms: D000962:Antimalarials / Q000032:analysis*; D002623:Chemistry Techniques, Analytical / Q000379:methods*; D002738:Chloroquine / Q000032:analysis*; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D011319:Primaquine / Q000032:analysis*; D011786:Quality Control; D013607:Tablets / Q000737:chemistry*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000962:Antimalarials; D013607:Tablets; D002738:Chloroquine; D011319:Primaquine
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