title: Evidence of and recommendations for non-pharmacological interventions for common geriatric conditions: the SENATOR-ONTOP systematic review protocol.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Non-pharmacological therapies for common chronic medical conditions in older patients are underused in clinical practice. We propose a protocol for the assessment of the evidence of non-pharmacological interventions to prevent or treat relevant outcomes in several prevalent geriatric conditions in order to provide recommendations.
  
  
  METHODS
  The conditions of interest for which the evidence about efficacy of non-pharmacological interventions will be searched include delirium, falls, pressure sores, urinary incontinence, dementia, heart failure, orthostatic hypotension, sarcopaenia and stroke. For each condition, the following steps will be undertaken: (A) prioritising clinical questions; (B) retrieving the evidence (MEDLINE, the Cochrane Library, CINAHL and PsychINFO will be searched to identify systematic reviews); (C) assessing the methodological quality of the evidence (risk of bias according to the Cochrane method will be applied to the primary studies retrieved from the systematic reviews); (D) developing recommendations based on the evidence (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) items-risk of bias, imprecision, inconsistency, indirectness and publication bias-will be used to rate the overall evidence and develop recommendations).
  
  
  RESULTS
  For each target condition, at least one systematic overview concerning the evidence of non-pharmacological interventions will be produced and published in peer-reviewed journals.
authors: Geriatrics and Geriatric Emergency Care, Italian National Research Center on Aging (IRCCS-INRCA), Ancona, Italy.
authors: Iosief
authors: I
authors: Abraha
authors: Servicio de Geriatría, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Caja, Madrid, Spain.
authors: Alfonso
authors: A
authors: Cruz-Jentoft
authors: Department of Medicine for the Elderly, Woodend Hospital, Aberdeen, UK.
authors: Roy L
authors: RL
authors: Soiza
authors: Department of Medicine (Geriatrics), University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
authors: Denis
authors: D
authors: O'Mahony
authors: Geriatrics and Geriatric Emergency Care, Italian National Research Center on Aging (IRCCS-INRCA), Ancona, Italy.
authors: Antonio
authors: A
authors: Cherubini
mesh_terms: D002908:Chronic Disease / Q000628:therapy*; D002985:Clinical Protocols; D000529:Complementary Therapies; D003695:Delivery of Health Care / Q000379:methods*; D019468:Disease Management; D006299:Health Services for the Aged; D006801:Humans; D019338:Polypharmacy; D012107:Research Design; D000078202:Systematic Reviews as Topic
keywords: GRADE method; non-pharmacological interventions; systematic overview
references: J Clin Epidemiol. 2001 Jul;54(7):680-6
references: 11438408
references: Drugs Aging. 1999 Feb;14(2):141-52
references: 10084366
references: BMC Med Res Methodol. 2007;7:10
references: 17302989
references: Am J Med. 2008 Mar;121(3):247-51
references: 18328311
references: Age Ageing. 2008 Nov;37(6):673-9
references: 18829684
references: Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2009 Jan;142(1):3-11
references: 18996637
references: Acad Med. 2009 May;84(5):542-4
references: 19704181
references: PLoS Med. 2010 Sep;7(9):e1000326
references: 20877712
references: Value Health. 2011 Jan;14(1):34-40
references: 21211484
references: BMC Med Res Methodol. 2011;11(1):15
references: 21291558
references: J Clin Epidemiol. 2011 Apr;64(4):395-400
references: 21194891
references: J Clin Epidemiol. 2011 Apr;64(4):383-94
references: 21195583
references: J Clin Epidemiol. 2011 Apr;64(4):407-15
references: 21247734
references: Arch Intern Med. 2011 Jun 13;171(11):1013-9
references: 21670370
references: Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 2011 Jun;20(6):626-34
references: 21384463
references: Drugs Aging. 2011 Jul 1;28(7):509-18
references: 21721596
references: Drug Saf. 2011 Nov 1;34(11):1089-100
references: 21981436
references: Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 2011 Nov;67(11):1175-88
references: 21584788
references: J Clin Epidemiol. 2011 Dec;64(12):1311-6
references: 21802902
references: J Clin Epidemiol. 2011 Dec;64(12):1303-10
references: 21802903
references: J Clin Epidemiol. 2011 Dec;64(12):1277-82
references: 21802904
references: J Clin Epidemiol. 2011 Dec;64(12):1294-302
references: 21803546
references: J Clin Epidemiol. 2011 Dec;64(12):1283-93
references: 21839614
references: N Engl J Med. 2011 Nov 24;365(21):2002-12
references: 22111719
references: Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen. 2012 Feb;27(1):41-7
references: 22467413
references: J Clin Epidemiol. 2013 Feb;66(2):151-7
references: 22542023
references: J Clin Epidemiol. 2013 Feb;66(2):140-50
references: 22863410
references: J Clin Epidemiol. 2013 Jul;66(7):726-35
references: 23570745
references: BMJ. 2013;347:f5577
references: 24473061
references: Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014;(4):CD003331
references: 24771460
references: J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2015 Jan;86(1):101-9
references: 24876182