title: Progression from gestational diabetes to type 2 diabetes in one region of Scotland: an observational follow-up study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study was to investigate long-term risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) following a diagnosis of gestational diabetes and to identify factors that were associated with increased risk of T2D.
  
  
  METHODS
  An observational cohort design was used, following up all women diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) attending a Diabetes Antenatal Clinic in the Dundee and Angus region of Scotland between 1994 and 2004 for a subsequent diagnosis of T2D, as recorded on SCI-DC (a comprehensive diabetes clinical information system).
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 164 women in the study who were followed up until 2012. One quarter developed T2D after a pregnancy with GDM in a mean time period of around eight years. Factors associated with a higher risk of developing T2D after GDM were increased weight during pregnancy, use of insulin during pregnancy, higher glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) levels at diagnosis of GDM, and fasting blood glucose.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest there is a viable time window to prevent progression from GDM to T2D and highlights those women who are at the greatest risk and should therefore be prioritised for preventative intervention.
authors: School of Health Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, UK. c.e.eades@stir.ac.uk.
authors: Claire E
authors: CE
authors: Eades
authors: School of Health Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, UK. maggie.styles@stir.ac.uk.
authors: Maggie
authors: M
authors: Styles
authors: Department of Diabetes and Endocrinolog, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, DD1 9SY, Dundee, UK. graham.leese@nhs.net.
authors: Graham P
authors: GP
authors: Leese
authors: Nursing, Midwifery and Allied Health Professions Research Unit, Unit 13 Scion House, Stirling University Innovation Park, Stirling, FK9 4NF, UK. h.l.cheyne@stir.ac.uk.
authors: Helen
authors: H
authors: Cheyne
authors: School of Health Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, UK. josie.evans@stir.ac.uk.
authors: Josie Mm
authors: JM
authors: Evans
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D001835:Body Weight; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control; D016640:Diabetes, Gestational / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000378:metabolism; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007328:Insulin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D009765:Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology*; D050177:Overweight / Q000453:epidemiology; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D012606:Scotland; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin; C517652:hemoglobin A1c protein, human
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