title: Influence of cyanobacterial inoculation on the culturable microbiome and growth of rice.
abstract: Rice plants are selective with their associations with bacteria that are beneficial for growth, nutrient uptake, exhibit induced resistance or antagonism towards pathogens. Cyanobacteria as bioinoculants are known to promote the growth and health of rice plants. The present investigation was aimed at understanding whether and how cyanobacterial (Calothrix elenkinii) inoculation influenced the rice plant growth and the culturable bacterial populations and identifying the dominant culturable "microbiome" members. The plant tissue extracts were used to enumerate populations of the culturable microbiome members using selected enrichment media with different nutrient levels. About 10-fold increases in population densities of culturable microbiome members in different media were recorded, with some isolates having metabolic potential for nitrogen fixation and phosphorus solubilization. Fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) analysis and 16S rRNA sequencing of selected microbial morphotypes suggested the predominance of the members of Bacillaceae. Significant increases in plant growth attributes, nitrogenase activity and indole acetic acid production, and activities of hydrolytic and defense enzymes were recorded in the Calothrix inoculated plants. The PCR-based analysis and scanning electron microscopic (SEM) observations confirmed the presence of inoculated cyanobacterium inside the plant tissues. This investigation illustrated that cyanobacterial inoculation can play significant roles in improving growth and metabolism of rice directly and interact with the beneficial members from the endophytic microbiome of rice seedlings synergistically.
authors: Division of Microbiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi 110012, India.
authors: Himani
authors: H
authors: Priya
authors: Division of Microbiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi 110012, India. Electronic address: radhapr@gmail.com.
authors: Radha
authors: R
authors: Prasanna
authors: Division of Microbiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi 110012, India.
authors: Balasubramanian
authors: B
authors: Ramakrishnan
authors: Division of Microbiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi 110012, India.
authors: Ngangom
authors: N
authors: Bidyarani
authors: Division of Microbiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi 110012, India.
authors: Santosh
authors: S
authors: Babu
authors: Division of Microbiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi 110012, India.
authors: Shobit
authors: S
authors: Thapa
authors: Division of Microbiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi 110012, India.
authors: Nirmal
authors: N
authors: Renuka
mesh_terms: D044822:Biodiversity; D005075:Biological Evolution; D002734:Chlorophyll / Q000378:metabolism; D000458:Cyanobacteria / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D016172:DNA Fingerprinting; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D007210:Indoleacetic Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D054892:Metagenome; D064307:Microbiota; D009591:Nitrogenase / Q000378:metabolism; D012275:Oryza / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology*; D010802:Phylogeny; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000382:microbiology; D018520:Plant Shoots / Q000382:microbiology; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics; D013559:Symbiosis
chemical_list: D005227:Fatty Acids; D007210:Indoleacetic Acids; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; D002734:Chlorophyll; C030737:indoleacetic acid; D009591:Nitrogenase
keywords: Bacteria; Cyanobacteria; FAME; Microbiome; Rice