title: Effects of cylindrospermopsin on the phagocytic cells of the common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.).
abstract: Cylindrospermopsin is a cyanotoxin with cytotoxic activity. It is released into water during and after cyanobacterial water blooms and thus poses a threat to the health of fish. There is very little information available concerning the effects of the toxin on fish immune cells. In this study, we assessed the potential impact of cylindrospermopsin on the basic functions of phagocytic cells from common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.), including phagocytosis, reactive oxygen and nitrogen species production, and the structure of microfilaments and selected cytokine expression. Phagocytic cells, isolated from fish head kidneys, were exposed to the toxin at concentrations of 0.05, 0.1, 0.5 or 1 µg ml(-1), for up to 24 h. Cytotoxicity, detected by lactate dehydrogenase release, was observed at the highest studied concentration. A decrease in phagocytic activity and changes in actin cytoskeletal structures were observed after the cell exposure to the toxin at 0.5 and 1 µg ml(-1). Moreover, at all tested concentrations, cylindrospermopsin increased the production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. It also evidently influenced the expression of genes of proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β and tumour necrosis factor-α and, to a minor extent, anti-inflammatory transforming growth factor-β, but had no effects on interleukin-10. The results indicated that the cyanotoxin cylindrospermopsin is able to modify basic features of carp phagocytic cells, which might result in adverse consequences for fish health.
authors: Department of Physiology and Ecotoxicology, Institute of Biotechnology, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Poland.
authors: Anna
authors: A
authors: Sieroslawska
authors: Department of Physiology and Ecotoxicology, Institute of Biotechnology, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Poland.
authors: Anna
authors: A
authors: Rymuszka
authors: Department of Epizootiology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences, Lublin, Poland.
authors: Łukasz
authors: Ł
authors: Adaszek
mesh_terms: D000470:Alkaloids; D000818:Animals; D001427:Bacterial Toxins; D002347:Carps; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D000458:Cyanobacteria / Q000378:metabolism; D000087522:Cyanobacteria Toxins; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000378:metabolism; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000378:metabolism; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000187:drug effects; D010586:Phagocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D010587:Phagocytosis / Q000187:drug effects; D026361:Reactive Nitrogen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism; D014498:Uracil / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D000470:Alkaloids; D001427:Bacterial Toxins; D000087522:Cyanobacteria Toxins; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D026361:Reactive Nitrogen Species; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D016753:Interleukin-10; C089595:cylindrospermopsin; D014498:Uracil
keywords: cyanotoxins; cytokines; fish; leucocytes; microfilaments; phagocytosis; reactive oxygen and nitrogen species