title: Metabolic profiling by (1)H NMR of ground beef irradiated at different irradiation doses.
abstract: This work describes a metabolic profiling study of non-irradiated and irradiated beef (at 2.5, 4.5 and 8 kGy) using (1)H NMR and chemometrics. The assignment of all major NMR signals of the aqueous/methanolic extracts was performed. A comprehensive multivariate data analysis proved the ability to distinguish between the irradiated and non-irradiated beef. Classification trees revealed that three metabolites (glycerol, lactic acid esters and tyramine or a p-substituted phenolic compound) are important biomarkers for classification of the irradiated and non-irradiated beef samples. Overall, the achieved metabolomic results show that the changes in the metabolic profile of meat provide a valuable insight to be used in detecting irradiated beef. The use of the NMR-based approach simplifies sample preparation and decrease the time required for analysis, compared to available official analytical procedures.
authors: Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti, Università degli Studi di Parma, Via del Taglio 10, 43126 Parma, Italy. Electronic address: emanuela.zanardi@unipr.it.
authors: Emanuela
authors: E
authors: Zanardi
authors: Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti, Università degli Studi di Parma, Via del Taglio 10, 43126 Parma, Italy.
authors: Augusta
authors: A
authors: Caligiani
authors: Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, WC1E 7HT London, United Kingdom.
authors: Luigi
authors: L
authors: Palla
authors: Dipartimento di Energia, Politecnico di Milano, Via Lambruschini 4, 20156 Milano, Italy.
authors: Mario
authors: M
authors: Mariani
authors: Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti, Università degli Studi di Parma, Via del Taglio 10, 43126 Parma, Italy.
authors: Sergio
authors: S
authors: Ghidini
authors: Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti, Università degli Studi di Parma, Via del Taglio 10, 43126 Parma, Italy.
authors: Pierluigi Aldo
authors: PA
authors: Di Ciccio
authors: Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti, Università degli Studi di Parma, Via del Taglio 10, 43126 Parma, Italy.
authors: Gerardo
authors: G
authors: Palla
authors: Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti, Università degli Studi di Parma, Via del Taglio 10, 43126 Parma, Italy.
authors: Adriana
authors: A
authors: Ianieri
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D004952:Esters / Q000032:analysis; D005504:Food Analysis / Q000379:methods*; D005514:Food Irradiation / Q000145:classification; D005720:Gamma Rays; D005990:Glycerol / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000032:analysis; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy / Q000379:methods; D055442:Metabolome; D055432:Metabolomics / Q000379:methods*; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D010636:Phenols / Q000032:analysis; D000069466:Red Meat / Q000032:analysis*; D014439:Tyramine / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D004952:Esters; D010636:Phenols; D019344:Lactic Acid; D005990:Glycerol; D014439:Tyramine
keywords: Beef; Classification trees; Irradiation; Metabolomics; NMR; Principal component analysis