title: Oxidative Stress and Depression among Male Shift Workers in Shahid Tondgouyan Refinery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to determine the oxidative stress; serum level of Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC)and Malondialdehyde (MDA) level and the depression score among the depressed rotational shift workers in Shahid Tondgouyan Refinery in Tehran (Iran).
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional study was conducted among all the 189 shift workers in Shahid Tondgouyan oil refinery who were eligible to participate in the study. They did not take any antidepressants for two months or any supplements for two weeks prior to the study entry. Written consent was obtained from the participants. 21- Item Beck Depression Inventory was used to measure the depression level. Furthermore, body weight, height and systolic and diastolic blood pressure were collected from all the participants. The levels of Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC) and Malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured by 8 ml fasting blood sample. MDA was determined by thiobarbituric acid reaction. Serum total antioxidants were measured using the spectrophotometric ABTS. In the ABTS test, 2,2'-azinobis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-acid) (ABTS) is converted into its radical cation (ABTS•+) by addition of sodium persulphate. This blue-green radical cation absorbs light at 734 nm. ABTS•+ is reactive towards most antioxidants. Descriptive statistics, ANOVA, ANCOVA and regression tests and correlation were used to analyze the data using SPSS software version 16.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The age of the participants ranged from 21 to 52 years. The mean age of the participants was 30.58 year (±6.97yr). Of all the participants, 28% (n= 53) had no depression symptoms (depression score between 0 and 9), 65.1% (n=123) were categorized as having mild depression (depression score between 10 and 18) and 6.9% (n=13) were categorized as having moderate depression (depression score between 19 and 29). The participants' BMI ranged from 15.9 to 34.3; the mean BMI of the participants was 24.82 kg/m(2) (+ 3.81 kg/m(2)). The mean of the serum TAC level was 2.51 (± 0.56) mg/dl, and the mean serum MDA level was 3.67(± 1.08) μmol/l. There was a significant difference in the mean TAC concentration between the non-depressed group and the group with mild depression (p=0.029).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Depression was associated with reduced mean TAC concentration and an increase in MDA level. There was a linear relationship between the depression score and shift work experience among the rotational shift workers, which showed a high level of stress and depression among the shift-workers.
authors: Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors: Farahnaz
authors: F
authors: Khajehnasiri
authors: Psychiatry and Psychology Research Center, Roozbeh Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences. Tehran, Iran.
authors: Shahin
authors: S
authors: Akhondzadeh
authors: Department of Occupational Health, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
authors: Seyed Bagher
authors: SB
authors: Mortazavi
authors: Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
authors: Abdolamir
authors: A
authors: Allameh
authors: Department of Occupational Health, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
authors: Ali
authors: A
authors: Khavanin
authors: Department of occupational Health, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran zamanianz@sums.ac.ir.
authors: Zahra
authors: Z
authors: Zamanian
keywords: Depression; Malondialdehyde; oxidative stress; shift work; total antioxidant capacity
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