title: Evaluation of the protection of primates transfused with variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease-infected blood products filtered with prion removal devices: a 5-year update.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Analysis of archived appendix samples reveals that one in 2000 individuals in the United Kingdom may carry the infectious prion protein associated with variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD), raising questions about the risk of transfusion transmission from apparently healthy carriers. Blood leukoreduction shows limited efficiency against prions. Therefore, in absence of antemortem diagnostic tests, prion removal filters, including the P-Capt filter were designed to improve blood transfusion safety.
  
  
  METHODS
  We evaluated the performances of two filters, the P-Capt and one prototype (PMC#005), with blood-borne infectivity in two independent experiments. Blood was drawn twice from prion-infected macaques. Corresponding RBCCs were prepared according to two different procedures: in Study A, the leukoreduction step was followed by the filtration through the P-Capt. In Study B, the leukoreduction and prion removal were performed simultaneously through the PMC#005. For each study, two groups of three animals were transfused twice with samples before or after filtration.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among the six macaques transfused with nonfiltered samples, five developed neurologic signs but only four exhibited peripheral detectable protease-resistant prion protein (PrPres) accumulation. In Study A, the three animals transfused with P-Capt-filtered samples remain asymptomatic and devoid of PrPres in lymph node biopsies 6 years after the transfusion. In Study B, one animal transfused with PMC#005-filtered samples developed vCJD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  After 5 to 6 years of progress, this ongoing study provides encouraging results on the prion blood removal performances of the P-Capt filter in macaques, an utmost relevant model for human prion diseases.
authors: Macopharma, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.
authors: Nathalie
authors: N
authors: Lescoutra-Etchegaray
authors: Macopharma, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.
authors: Nina
authors: N
authors: Jaffré
authors: Macopharma, Tourcoing, France.
authors: Chryslain
authors: C
authors: Sumian
authors: Division of Prions and Related Diseases (SEPIA), CEA, Institute of Emerging Diseases and Innovative Therapies (iMETI), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.
authors: Valérie
authors: V
authors: Durand
authors: Division of Prions and Related Diseases (SEPIA), CEA, Institute of Emerging Diseases and Innovative Therapies (iMETI), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.
authors: Evelyne
authors: E
authors: Correia
authors: Division of Prions and Related Diseases (SEPIA), CEA, Institute of Emerging Diseases and Innovative Therapies (iMETI), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.
authors: Jacqueline
authors: J
authors: Mikol
authors: Division of Prions and Related Diseases (SEPIA), CEA, Institute of Emerging Diseases and Innovative Therapies (iMETI), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.
authors: Sophie
authors: S
authors: Luccantoni-Freire
authors: Macopharma, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.
authors: Audrey
authors: A
authors: Culeux
authors: Division of Prions and Related Diseases (SEPIA), CEA, Institute of Emerging Diseases and Innovative Therapies (iMETI), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.
authors: Jean-Philippe
authors: JP
authors: Deslys
authors: Division of Prions and Related Diseases (SEPIA), CEA, Institute of Emerging Diseases and Innovative Therapies (iMETI), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.
authors: Emmanuel E
authors: EE
authors: Comoy
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D000818:Animals; D016913:Blood Component Transfusion / Q000009:adverse effects*; D058731:Blood Safety / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D017848:Blood-Borne Pathogens / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D001923:Brain Chemistry; D002417:Cattle; D007562:Creutzfeldt-Jakob Syndrome / Q000097:blood / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000635:transmission; D016643:Encephalopathy, Bovine Spongiform / Q000097:blood / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000635:transmission; D047589:Leukocyte Reduction Procedures / Q000295:instrumentation*; D008252:Macaca fascicularis; D008297:Male; D008851:Micropore Filters; D008863:Microspheres; D011328:Prions / Q000032:analysis / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000633:toxicity; D012117:Resins, Synthetic; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000737:chemistry; D013154:Spleen / Q000737:chemistry; D014462:Ultrafiltration / Q000295:instrumentation*
chemical_list: D011328:Prions; D012117:Resins, Synthetic