title: Rapid analysis of pharmaceuticals and personal care products in fish plasma micro-aliquots using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry.
abstract: A sensitive analytical method based on liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was developed for rapid analysis of 11 pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in fish plasma micro-aliquots (∼20μL). Target PPCPs included, bisphenol A, carbamazepine, diclofenac, fluoxetine, gemfibrozil, ibuprofen, naproxen, risperidone, sertraline, simvastatin and triclosan. A relatively quicker and cheaper LLE procedure exhibited comparable analyte recoveries with solid-phase extraction. Rapid separation and analysis of target compounds in fish plasma extracts was achieved by employing a high efficiency C-18 HPLC column (Agilent Poroshell 120 SB-C18, 2.1mm×50mm, 2.7μm) and fast polarity switching, enabling effective monitoring of positive and negative ions in a single 9min run. With the exception of bisphenol A, which exhibited relatively high background contamination, method detection limits of individual PPCPs ranged between 0.15 and 0.69pg/μL, while method quantification limits were between 0.05 and 2.3pg/μL. Mean matrix effect (ME) values ranged between 65 and 156% for the various target analytes. Isotope dilution quantification using isotopically labelled internal surrogates was utilized to correct for signal suppression or enhancement and analyte losses during sample preparation. The method was evaluated by analysis of 20μL plasma micro-aliquots collected from zebrafish (Danio rerio) from a laboratory bioaccumulation study, which included control group fish (no exposure), as well as fish exposed to environmentally relevant concentrations of PPCPs. Using the developed LC-MS/MS based method, concentrations of the studied PPCPs were consistently detected in the low pg/μL (ppb) range. The method may be useful for investigations requiring fast, reliable concentration measurements of PPCPs in fish plasma. In particular, the method may be applicable for in situ contaminant biomonitoring, as well as bioaccumulation and toxicology studies employing small fishes with low blood compartment volumes.
authors: Graduate School of Integrated Sciences and Engineering (NGS), National University of Singapore, Singapore.
authors: Fangfang
authors: F
authors: Chen
authors: Graduate School of Integrated Sciences and Engineering (NGS), National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
authors: Zhiyuan
authors: Z
authors: Gong
authors: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore. Electronic address: bckelly@nus.edu.sg.
authors: Barry C
authors: BC
authors: Kelly
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000592:standards; D003358:Cosmetics / Q000032:analysis* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000592:standards; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D005399:Fishes / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007553:Isotope Labeling; D059625:Liquid-Liquid Extraction; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000032:analysis* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000592:standards; D010949:Plasma / Q000737:chemistry; D012015:Reference Standards; D052616:Solid Phase Extraction; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry / Q000592:standards
chemical_list: D003358:Cosmetics; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations
keywords: Fish; LC–MS/MS; Personal care products; Pharmaceuticals; Plasma; Rapid analysis