title: The endoparasitoid, Cotesia vestalis, regulates host physiology by reprogramming the neuropeptide transcriptional network.
abstract: Endoparasitoids develop inside another insect by regulating host immunity and development via maternal factors injected into hosts during oviposition. Prior results have provided insights into parasitism-induced immunosuppression, including the neuropeptide accumulation in parasitized insects. Nonetheless, our understanding of neuropeptide influence on host development and behavior is not yet complete. We posed the hypothesis that parasitization alters expression of genes encoding pro-neuropeptides and used larvae of Plutella xylostella and its endoparasitoid, Cotesia vestalis to test our hypothesis. We prepared transcriptomes from the larval P. xylostella brain-CC-CA complex and identified transcripts encoding 19 neuropeptides. All corresponding cDNAs were confirmed by RACE. Our results demonstrate that parasitism significantly down-regulated, or delayed, expression of genes encoding pro-neuropeptides within 48 h post-parasitization. Changing expression of these genes may account for the previously reported decreased feeding behavior, reduced growth rates and aborted development in the host larvae. In effect, parasitization may operate at the molecular level within the CNS to create global changes in larval host biology. The significance of our finding is that, in addition to the known effects on immunity, parasitoids influence host pro-neuropeptide gene transcription. This finding reveals a new mechanism operating in host-parasitoid relationships to the advantage of the parasitoid.
authors: Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Agricultural Entomology, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
authors: Min
authors: M
authors: Shi
authors: Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Agricultural Entomology, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
authors: Shuai
authors: S
authors: Dong
authors: Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Agricultural Entomology, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
authors: Ming-tian
authors: MT
authors: Li
authors: Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Agricultural Entomology, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
authors: Yan-yan
authors: YY
authors: Yang
authors: Biological Control of Insects Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 1503 S. Providence Road, Columbia MO 65203, USA.
authors: David
authors: D
authors: Stanley
authors: Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Agricultural Entomology, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
authors: Xue-xin
authors: XX
authors: Chen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D004950:Esterases / Q000378:metabolism; D053263:Gene Regulatory Networks; D006790:Host-Parasite Interactions / Q000502:physiology*; D007814:Larva / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000469:parasitology; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009036:Moths / Q000502:physiology*; D009479:Neuropeptides / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D059467:Transcriptome; D014863:Wasps / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development / Q000469:parasitology
chemical_list: D009479:Neuropeptides; D004950:Esterases
references: Insect Biochem Mol Biol. 1993 Jul;23(5):643-53
references: 8353522
references: J Insect Physiol. 2004 Nov;50(11):1075-81
references: 15607510
references: Peptides. 2003 Oct;24(10):1511-24
references: 14706530
references: Adv Exp Med Biol. 2010;692:166-91
references: 21189679
references: Neuron. 2012 Oct 4;76(1):82-97
references: 23040808
references: Arch Insect Biochem Physiol. 2013 Jun;83(2):101-14
references: 23606528
references: Methods. 2001 Dec;25(4):402-8
references: 11846609
references: Gen Comp Endocrinol. 2014 Nov 1;208:49-56
references: 25234055
references: PLoS One. 2012;7(3):e34510
references: 22470576
references: J Insect Physiol. 2010 Aug;56(8):844-53
references: 20206629
references: J Biol Chem. 2004 Dec 3;279(49):50781-9
references: 15385546
references: J Comp Neurol. 1995 May 22;356(1):83-100
references: 7629311
references: Genome Res. 2008 Jan;18(1):113-22
references: 18025266
references: BMC Genomics. 2013;14:464
references: 23837716
references: PLoS One. 2012;7(10):e46513
references: 23056329
references: J Insect Physiol. 2009 Aug;55(8):707-15
references: 19446562
references: J Insect Physiol. 1997 Apr;43(4):407-424
references: 12769902
references: J Exp Biol. 2009 Sep 15;212(18):2998-3006
references: 19717683
references: Peptides. 2005 Dec;26(12):2404-11
references: 16005110
references: Insect Biochem Mol Biol. 1995 Jun;25(6):669-78
references: 7627199
references: Annu Rev Entomol. 2006;51:233-58
references: 16332211
references: PLoS One. 2011;6(3):e17274
references: 21445293
references: J Insect Physiol. 2002 Jul;48(7):743-749
references: 12770069
references: Nat Genet. 2013 Feb;45(2):220-5
references: 23313953
references: Neuron. 2003 Jul 3;39(1):147-61
references: 12848939
references: Anal Biochem. 1976 May 7;72:248-54
references: 942051
references: Virology. 2007 Mar 1;359(1):179-89
references: 17034828
references: Annu Rev Entomol. 2004;49:299-330
references: 14651466
references: J Insect Physiol. 2007 Jan;53(1):22-9
references: 17157867
references: Anal Biochem. 1977 Oct;82(2):573-9
references: 907152
references: Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol. 2004 May;138(1):39-44
references: 15165569
references: Genome Res. 2010 Feb;20(2):265-72
references: 20019144