title: Synchronous rectal and prostate cancer--the impact of MRI on incidence and imaging findings.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the incidence of synchronous diagnosis of rectal and prostate cancer and to identify how the role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for preoperative staging of rectal cancer has affected the incidence.
  
  
  METHODS
  Regional data from the Swedish Colorectal Cancer Registry and the Regional Cancer Registry in Stockholm-Gotland area (two million inhabitants) between the years 1995-2011 were used. Patients were included when the rectal cancer was diagnosed prior to the prostate cancer. Medical records and pre-treatment MRI were retrospectively reviewed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 29,849 patients diagnosed with either disease, synchronous diagnosis was made in 29 patients (0.1%). Two patients were diagnosed in the years 1995-1999, seven patients between the years 2000-2005 and 20 patients between the years 2006-2011. The most common presentation, for the prostate cancer was incidental finding during staging for rectal cancer, n=20, and of those led MRI to the diagnosis in 14 cases. At retrospective review, all patients had focal lesions in the prostate on MRI and patients with higher suspicion of malignancy on MRI had more locally advanced disease.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Synchronous rectal and prostate cancer are a rare entity, but a strong increase in synchronous diagnosis is seen which may be attributed to improved diagnostic methods, including the use of pre-treatment MRI in routine work-up for rectal cancer.
authors: Department of Radiology, Karolinska University Hospital, 17176 Solna, Sweden. Electronic address: margret.sturludottir@karolinska.se.
authors: Margrét
authors: M
authors: Sturludóttir
authors: Center of Surgical Gastroenterology, Karolinska University Hospital, 17176 Solna, Sweden; Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Solna, Sweden. Electronic address: anna.martling@ki.se.
authors: Anna
authors: A
authors: Martling
authors: Department of Urology, Karolinska University Hospital, 17176 Solna, Sweden; Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Solna, Sweden. Electronic address: stefan.carlsson@ki.se.
authors: Stefan
authors: S
authors: Carlsson
authors: Department of Radiology, Karolinska University Hospital, 17176 Solna, Sweden; Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Solna, Sweden. Electronic address: lennart.k.blomqvist@ki.se.
authors: Lennart
authors: L
authors: Blomqvist
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D033162:Incidental Findings; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology*; D012004:Rectal Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013548:Sweden / Q000453:epidemiology
keywords: Imaging; MRI; Prostate cancer; Rectal cancer; Synchronous