title: Inflammation is present in de Quervain Disease--correlation study between biochemical and histopathological evaluation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  De Quervain disease is a stenosing condition of the sheath of the abductor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis tendons at the radial styloid process. Previous studies consistently reported that the pathological change of this condition is thought to be primarily an extensor retinaculum thickened by fibrosis and angiogenesis instead of inflammation. Contradictorily, the conservative treatment for de Quervain disease is anti-inflammatory medication. The inflammatory response may be involved in this disease; however, there is no present study directly evidencing whether the inflammatory responses exist in de Quervain disease or not. The histopathology of de Quervain disease is yet to be elucidated clearly.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To grade all specimens in the different stages and characterize specific inflammatory cell and factors to examine whether inflammatory response is involved in de Quervain disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retinaculum samples were collected from 13 patients with de Quervain disease after surgery. The specimens were evaluated histologically by collagen structure grading and immunohistochemically by quantifying the presence of neutrophil elastase, macrophages, cyclooxygenase, and vascular endothelium.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Neutrophil elastase and cyclooxygenase occur in the de Quervain disease retinaculum and increased with the grade of collagen structure. After angiogenesis, macrophage infiltration occurs in the grade II matrix worse than grade III matrix.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Inflammation is present in de Quervain disease. This study provides direct evidence for inflammatory cell and infiltration factors and offer valuable clues for specific pharmacological therapies for de Quervain disease.
authors: From the *Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan and Dou-Liou Branch, †Department of Orthopedics, College of Medicine, ‡Department of Occupational Therapy, National Cheng Kung University, College of Medicine; §Department of Orthopedics, Tainan Municipal Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan, ∥Department of Orthopedics, Kuo General Hospital; ¶Department of Orthopedics, Jen-Chun Hospital; and #Medical Device Innovation Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
authors: Yao-Lung
authors: YL
authors: Kuo
authors: Che-Chia
authors: CC
authors: Hsu
authors: Li-Chieh
authors: LC
authors: Kuo
authors: Po-Ting
authors: PT
authors: Wu
authors: Chung-Jung
authors: CJ
authors: Shao
authors: Kuo-Chen
authors: KC
authors: Wu
authors: Tung-Tai
authors: TT
authors: Wu
authors: I-Ming
authors: IM
authors: Jou
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D053684:De Quervain Disease / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000209:etiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged