title: Low-frequency and rare exome chip variants associate with fasting glucose and type 2 diabetes susceptibility.
abstract: Fasting glucose and insulin are intermediate traits for type 2 diabetes. Here we explore the role of coding variation on these traits by analysis of variants on the HumanExome BeadChip in 60,564 non-diabetic individuals and in 16,491 T2D cases and 81,877 controls. We identify a novel association of a low-frequency nonsynonymous SNV in GLP1R (A316T; rs10305492; MAF=1.4%) with lower FG (β=-0.09±0.01 mmol l(-1), P=3.4 × 10(-12)), T2D risk (OR[95%CI]=0.86[0.76-0.96], P=0.010), early insulin secretion (β=-0.07±0.035 pmolinsulin mmolglucose(-1), P=0.048), but higher 2-h glucose (β=0.16±0.05 mmol l(-1), P=4.3 × 10(-4)). We identify a gene-based association with FG at G6PC2 (pSKAT=6.8 × 10(-6)) driven by four rare protein-coding SNVs (H177Y, Y207S, R283X and S324P). We identify rs651007 (MAF=20%) in the first intron of ABO at the putative promoter of an antisense lncRNA, associating with higher FG (β=0.02±0.004 mmol l(-1), P=1.3 × 10(-8)). Our approach identifies novel coding variant associations and extends the allelic spectrum of variation underlying diabetes-related quantitative traits and T2D susceptibility.
authors: 1] Department of Epidemiology, Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA [2] Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA.
authors: Jennifer
authors: J
authors: Wessel
authors: 1] Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA [2] National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts 01702, USA.
authors: Audrey Y
authors: AY
authors: Chu
authors: 1] Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam 3000 CE, The Netherlands [2] MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0SL, UK.
authors: Sara M
authors: SM
authors: Willems
authors: Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA.
authors: Shuai
authors: S
authors: Wang
authors: Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter EX1 2LU, UK.
authors: Hanieh
authors: H
authors: Yaghootkar
authors: 1] Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98101, USA [2] Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA.
authors: Jennifer A
authors: JA
authors: Brody
authors: 1] Massachusetts General Hospital, General Medicine Division, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA [2] Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA [3] Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Verona Medical School and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona 37126, Italy.
authors: Marco
authors: M
authors: Dauriz
authors: 1] Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA [2] Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada J1K 2R1 [3] Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.
authors: Marie-France
authors: MF
authors: Hivert
authors: 1] Massachusetts General Hospital, General Medicine Division, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA [2] Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
authors: Sridharan
authors: S
authors: Raghavan
authors: 1] Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USA [2] Department of Neurology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan 48202, USA.
authors: Leonard
authors: L
authors: Lipovich
authors: Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35233, USA.
authors: Bertha
authors: B
authors: Hidalgo
authors: 1] Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA [2] Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA.
authors: Keolu
authors: K
authors: Fox
authors: 1] National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts 01702, USA [2] MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC IGMM, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland EH4 2XU, UK.
authors: Jennifer E
authors: JE
authors: Huffman
authors: Division of Statistical Genomics and Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63108, USA.
authors: Ping
authors: P
authors: An
authors: 1] The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA [2] The Genetics of Obesity and Related Metabolic Traits Program, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA.
authors: Yingchang
authors: Y
authors: Lu
authors: Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA.
authors: Laura J
authors: LJ
authors: Rasmussen-Torvik
authors: The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen DK-2200, Denmark.
authors: Niels
authors: N
authors: Grarup
authors: Quantitative Sciences, PCPS, GlaxoSmithKline, North Carolina 27709, USA.
authors: Margaret G
authors: MG
authors: Ehm
authors: Quantitative Sciences, PCPS, GlaxoSmithKline, North Carolina 27709, USA.
authors: Li
authors: L
authors: Li
authors: Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA.
authors: Abigail S
authors: AS
authors: Baldridge
authors: Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio FI-70211, Finland.
authors: Alena
authors: A
authors: Stančáková
authors: 1] Department of Medicine and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048, USA [2] Materials and Process Simulation Center, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA.
authors: Ravinder
authors: R
authors: Abrol
authors: CEA, Institut de Génomique, Centre National de Génotypage, 2 Rue Gaston Crémieux, EVRY Cedex 91057, France.
authors: Céline
authors: C
authors: Besse
authors: CEA, Institut de Génomique, Centre National de Génotypage, 2 Rue Gaston Crémieux, EVRY Cedex 91057, France.
authors: Anne
authors: A
authors: Boland
authors: The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen DK-2200, Denmark.
authors: Jette
authors: J
authors: Bork-Jensen
authors: Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
authors: Myriam
authors: M
authors: Fornage
authors: 1] The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK [2] Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Strangeways Research Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK.
authors: Daniel F
authors: DF
authors: Freitag
authors: Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, Maryland 21224, USA.
authors: Melissa E
authors: ME
authors: Garcia
authors: Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California 90502, USA.
authors: Xiuqing
authors: X
authors: Guo
authors: 1] The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA [2] The Genetics of Obesity and Related Metabolic Traits Program, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA.
authors: Kazuo
authors: K
authors: Hara
authors: Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam 3000 CE, The Netherlands.
authors: Aaron
authors: A
authors: Isaacs
authors: Icelandic Heart Association, Holtasmari 1, Kopavogur IS-201, Iceland.
authors: Johanna
authors: J
authors: Jakobsdottir
authors: Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA.
authors: Leslie A
authors: LA
authors: Lange
authors: Indiana University, Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA.
authors: Jill C
authors: JC
authors: Layton
authors: Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA.
authors: Man
authors: M
authors: Li
authors: MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0SL, UK.
authors: Jing
authors: J
authors: Hua Zhao
authors: Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal DE-14558, Germany.
authors: Karina
authors: K
authors: Meidtner
authors: Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas 77225, USA.
authors: Alanna C
authors: AC
authors: Morrison
authors: Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
authors: Mike A
authors: MA
authors: Nalls
authors: 1] Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam 3000 CE, The Netherlands [2] The Netherlands Genomics Initiative-sponsored Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NGI-NCHA), Leiden/Rotterdam 2300 RC, The Netherlands.
authors: Marjolein J
authors: MJ
authors: Peters
authors: Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm SE-171 77, Sweden.
authors: Maria
authors: M
authors: Sabater-Lleal
authors: 1] The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA [2] The Genetics of Obesity and Related Metabolic Traits Program, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA.
authors: Claudia
authors: C
authors: Schurmann
authors: Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm SE-171 77, Sweden.
authors: Angela
authors: A
authors: Silveira
authors: 1] Icelandic Heart Association, Holtasmari 1, Kopavogur IS-201, Iceland [2] University of Iceland, Reykjavik IS-101, Iceland.
authors: Albert V
authors: AV
authors: Smith
authors: 1] The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK [2] Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK.
authors: Lorraine
authors: L
authors: Southam
authors: Department of Genome Dynamics, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.
authors: Marcus H
authors: MH
authors: Stoiber
authors: Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm SE-171 77, Sweden.
authors: Rona J
authors: RJ
authors: Strawbridge
authors: Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California 90502, USA.
authors: Kent D
authors: KD
authors: Taylor
authors: Department of Clinical Sciences, Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö SE-205 02, Sweden.
authors: Tibor V
authors: TV
authors: Varga
authors: The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen DK-2200, Denmark.
authors: Kristine H
authors: KH
authors: Allin
authors: Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam 3000 CE, The Netherlands.
authors: Najaf
authors: N
authors: Amin
authors: Quantitative Sciences, PCPS, GlaxoSmithKline, North Carolina 27709, USA.
authors: Jennifer L
authors: JL
authors: Aponte
authors: 1] Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore 168751, Singapore [2] Department of Ophthalmology, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore 119228, Singapore.
authors: Tin
authors: T
authors: Aung
authors: Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffaele Research Institute, Milano 20132, Italy.
authors: Caterina
authors: C
authors: Barbieri
authors: 1] Predoctoral Training Program in Human Genetics, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Maryland 21205, USA [2] McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA.
authors: Nathan A
authors: NA
authors: Bihlmeyer
authors: Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.
authors: Michael
authors: M
authors: Boehnke
authors: Section of Biology and Genetics, Department of Life and Reproduction Sciences, University of Verona, Verona 37100, Italy.
authors: Cristina
authors: C
authors: Bombieri
authors: Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, USA.
authors: Donald W
authors: DW
authors: Bowden
authors: Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.
authors: Sean M
authors: SM
authors: Burns
authors: Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA.
authors: Yuning
authors: Y
authors: Chen
authors: Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California 90502, USA.
authors: Yii-DerI
authors: YD
authors: Chen
authors: 1] Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore 168751, Singapore [2] Department of Ophthalmology, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore 119228, Singapore [3] Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore 119228, Singapore [4] Office of Clinical Sciences, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore 169857, Singapore.
authors: Ching-Yu
authors: CY
authors: Cheng
authors: Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi 39216, USA.
authors: Adolfo
authors: A
authors: Correa
authors: Division of Statistical Genomics and Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63108, USA.
authors: Jacek
authors: J
authors: Czajkowski
authors: Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam 3000 CE, The Netherlands.
authors: Abbas
authors: A
authors: Dehghan
authors: 1] McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA [2] Division of Cardiology, Geneva University Hospital Geneva 1211, Switzerland.
authors: Georg B
authors: GB
authors: Ehret
authors: Icelandic Heart Association, Holtasmari 1, Kopavogur IS-201, Iceland.
authors: Gudny
authors: G
authors: Eiriksdottir
authors: Department of Clinical Sciences, Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö SE-205 02, Sweden.
authors: Stefan A
authors: SA
authors: Escher
authors: Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens 17671, Greece.
authors: Aliki-Eleni
authors: AE
authors: Farmaki
authors: 1] Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm SE-171 77, Sweden [2] Department of Numerical Analysis and Computer Science, SciLifeLab, Stockholm University, Stockholm SE-106 91, Sweden.
authors: Mattias
authors: M
authors: Frånberg
authors: Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Columbus-Gemelli University Hospital, Catholic University, Rome 00168, Italy.
authors: Giovanni
authors: G
authors: Gambaro
authors: Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA.
authors: Franco
authors: F
authors: Giulianini
authors: Materials and Process Simulation Center, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA.
authors: William A
authors: WA
authors: Goddard
authors: Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK.
authors: Anuj
authors: A
authors: Goel
authors: The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA.
authors: Omri
authors: O
authors: Gottesman
authors: Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas 77225, USA.
authors: Megan L
authors: ML
authors: Grove
authors: Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala SE-751 85, Sweden.
authors: Stefan
authors: S
authors: Gustafsson
authors: Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California 90502, USA.
authors: Yang
authors: Y
authors: Hai
authors: Department of Biobank Research, Umeå University, Umeå SE-901 87, Sweden.
authors: Göran
authors: G
authors: Hallmans
authors: Department of Biomedical Technology, Sangmyung University, Chungnam 330-720, Korea.
authors: Jiyoung
authors: J
authors: Heo
authors: 1] Institute of Human Genetics, Department of Genomics, Life &Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn DE-53127, Germany [2] Human Genomics Research Group, Division of Medical Genetics, University Hospital Basel Department of Biomedicine 4031, Basel, Switzerland [3] Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1) Genomic Imaging Research Center Juelich, Juelich DE-52425, Germany.
authors: Per
authors: P
authors: Hoffmann
authors: 1] Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore 168751, Singapore [2] Office of Clinical Sciences, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore 169857, Singapore [3] Memory Aging &Cognition Centre (MACC), National University Health System, Singapore 117599, Singapore.
authors: Mohammad K
authors: MK
authors: Ikram
authors: 1] Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98101, USA [2] Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA.
authors: Richard A
authors: RA
authors: Jensen
authors: Steno Diabetes Center, Gentofte DK-2820, Denmark.
authors: Marit E
authors: ME
authors: Jørgensen
authors: 1] Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Glostrup University Hospital, Glostrup DK-2600, Denmark [2] Faculty of Medicine, University of Aalborg, Aalborg DK-9220, Denmark.
authors: Torben
authors: T
authors: Jørgensen
authors: Echinos Medical Centre, Echinos 67300, Greece.
authors: Maria
authors: M
authors: Karaleftheri
authors: 1] Department of Ophthalmology, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore 119228, Singapore [2] Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore 119228, Singapore [3] Division of Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore 138672, Singapore.
authors: Chiea C
authors: CC
authors: Khor
authors: Materials and Process Simulation Center, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA.
authors: Andrea
authors: A
authors: Kirkpatrick
authors: Division of Statistical Genomics and Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63108, USA.
authors: Aldi T
authors: AT
authors: Kraja
authors: Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio FI-70211, Finland.
authors: Johanna
authors: J
authors: Kuusisto
authors: 1] Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA [2] Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA.
authors: Ethan M
authors: EM
authors: Lange
authors: 1] Division of Endocrine and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 407, Taiwan [2] School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan.
authors: I T
authors: IT
authors: Lee
authors: Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 407, Taiwan.
authors: Wen-Jane
authors: WJ
authors: Lee
authors: 1] Massachusetts General Hospital, General Medicine Division, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA [2] Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
authors: Aaron
authors: A
authors: Leong
authors: 1] Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore 168751, Singapore [2] Department of Ophthalmology, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore 119228, Singapore.
authors: Jiemin
authors: J
authors: Liao
authors: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts 01702, USA.
authors: Chunyu
authors: C
authors: Liu
authors: Department of Epidemiology &Prevention, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27106, USA.
authors: Yongmei
authors: Y
authors: Liu
authors: Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK.
authors: Cecilia M
authors: CM
authors: Lindgren
authors: 1] Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Glostrup University Hospital, Glostrup DK-2600, Denmark [2] Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Glostrup, Glostrup DK-2600, Denmark [3] Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen DK-2200, Denmark.
authors: Allan
authors: A
authors: Linneberg
authors: Section of Biology and Genetics, Department of Life and Reproduction Sciences, University of Verona, Verona 37100, Italy.
authors: Giovanni
authors: G
authors: Malerba
authors: 1] National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Faculty of Medicine, Athens 115 27, Greece [2] Dromokaiteio Psychiatric Hospital, Athens 124 61, Greece.
authors: Vasiliki
authors: V
authors: Mamakou
authors: Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens 17671, Greece.
authors: Eirini
authors: E
authors: Marouli
authors: 1] Division of General Internal Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA [2] Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA.
authors: Nisa M
authors: NM
authors: Maruthur
authors: The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK.
authors: Angela
authors: A
authors: Matchan
authors: Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles 90033, USA.
authors: Roberta
authors: R
authors: McKean-Cowdin
authors: Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm SE-171 77, Sweden.
authors: Olga
authors: O
authors: McLeod
authors: Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
authors: Ginger A
authors: GA
authors: Metcalf
authors: Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA.
authors: Karen L
authors: KL
authors: Mohlke
authors: Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
authors: Donna M
authors: DM
authors: Muzny
authors: 1] Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens 17671, Greece [2] University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK.
authors: Ioanna
authors: I
authors: Ntalla
authors: 1] Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, USA [2] Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27106, USA.
authors: Nicholette D
authors: ND
authors: Palmer
authors: Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter EX1 2LU, UK.
authors: Dorota
authors: D
authors: Pasko
authors: 1] Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, Pathobiochemistry and Clinical Chemistry and Institute of Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases, University of Tübingen, Tübingen DE-72076, Germany [2] German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg DE-85764, Germany.
authors: Andreas
authors: A
authors: Peter
authors: 1] The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK [2] Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK [3] The Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK.
authors: Nigel W
authors: NW
authors: Rayner
authors: Department of Clinical Sciences, Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö SE-205 02, Sweden.
authors: Frida
authors: F
authors: Renström
authors: 1] Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98101, USA [2] Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA.
authors: Ken
authors: K
authors: Rice
authors: Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffaele Research Institute, Milano 20132, Italy.
authors: Cinzia F
authors: CF
authors: Sala
authors: 1] Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm SE-171 77, Sweden [2] Science for Life Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm SE-171 77, Sweden.
authors: Bengt
authors: B
authors: Sennblad
authors: Department of Gastroenterology, Gennimatas General Hospital, Athens 11527, Greece.
authors: Ioannis
authors: I
authors: Serafetinidis
authors: Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.
authors: Jennifer A
authors: JA
authors: Smith
authors: 1] The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK [2] Department of Hematology, Long Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK.
authors: Nicole
authors: N
authors: Soranzo
authors: Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.
authors: Elizabeth K
authors: EK
authors: Speliotes
authors: Division of Psychiatric Genomics, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA.
authors: Eli A
authors: EA
authors: Stahl
authors: 1] The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK [2] William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK.
authors: Kathleen
authors: K
authors: Stirrups
authors: First Department of Propaedeutic and Internal Medicine, Athens University Medical School, Laiko General Hospital, Athens 11527, Greece.
authors: Nikos
authors: N
authors: Tentolouris
authors: Diabetes Centre, 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, National University of Athens, Hippokration General Hospital, Athens 11527, Greece.
authors: Anastasia
authors: A
authors: Thanopoulou
authors: Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles 90033, USA.
authors: Mina
authors: M
authors: Torres
authors: Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffaele Research Institute, Milano 20132, Italy.
authors: Michela
authors: M
authors: Traglia
authors: Anogia Medical Centre, Anogia 740 51, Greece.
authors: Emmanouil
authors: E
authors: Tsafantakis
authors: MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0SL, UK.
authors: Sundas
authors: S
authors: Javad
authors: The GeneSTAR Research Program, Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA.
authors: Lisa R
authors: LR
authors: Yanek
authors: 1] Dromokaiteio Psychiatric Hospital, Athens 124 61, Greece [2] University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK.
authors: Eleni
authors: E
authors: Zengini
authors: The GeneSTAR Research Program, Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA.
authors: Diane M
authors: DM
authors: Becker
authors: 1] Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98101, USA [2] Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA.
authors: Joshua C
authors: JC
authors: Bis
authors: 1] Department of Genome Dynamics, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA [2] Department of Statistics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.
authors: James B
authors: JB
authors: Brown
authors: 1] National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts 01702, USA [2] Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA.
authors: L Adrienne
authors: LA
authors: Cupples
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authors: The GeneSTAR Research Program, Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA.
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authors: Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado 80204, USA.
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authors: Wayne H-H
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authors: Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffaele Research Institute, Milano 20132, Italy.
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authors: The GeneSTAR Research Program, Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA.
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authors: Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam Rehbrücke, Nuthetal DE-14558, Germany.
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authors: The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA.
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authors: Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens 17671, Greece.
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authors: 1] William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK [2] Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK [3] Princess Al-Jawhara Al-Brahim Centre of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders (PACER-HD), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 22254, Saudi Arabia.
authors: Panos
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authors: CNR Institute of Clinical Physiology, Pisa 73100, Italy.
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authors: Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam 3000 CE, The Netherlands.
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authors: 1] Department of Clinical Sciences, Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö SE-205 02, Sweden [2] Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA [3] Department of Public Health &Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå SE-901 87, Sweden.
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authors: Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
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authors: 1] Icelandic Heart Association, Holtasmari 1, Kopavogur IS-201, Iceland [2] University of Iceland, Reykjavik IS-101, Iceland.
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authors: Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm SE-171 77, Sweden.
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authors: Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, Maryland 21224, USA.
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authors: Genetics of Diabetes, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter EX1 2LU, UK.
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authors: MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC IGMM, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland EH4 2XU, UK.
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authors: Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam 3000 CE, The Netherlands.
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authors: 1] Department of Public Health &Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå SE-901 87, Sweden [2] Research Unit, Skellefteå SE-931 87, Sweden.
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authors: MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0SL, UK.
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authors: Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, Maryland 21224, USA.
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authors: Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam 3000 CE, The Netherlands.
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authors: University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 1TN, UK.
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authors: Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA.
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authors: Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Split, Split 21000, Croatia.
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authors: Division of Statistical Genomics and Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63108, USA.
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authors: Center for Public Health Genomics, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, USA.
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authors: 1] Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA [2] Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA [3] Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA.
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authors: 1] The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA [2] The Genetics of Obesity and Related Metabolic Traits Program, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA [3] The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA.
authors: Ruth J F
authors: RJ
authors: Loos
authors: Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi 38677, USA.
authors: James G
authors: JG
authors: Wilson
authors: Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter EX1 2LU, UK.
authors: Timothy M
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authors: Frayling
authors: 1] New York Academy of Medicine, New York, New York 10029, USA [2] Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA.
authors: David S
authors: DS
authors: Siscovick
authors: 1] National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts 01702, USA [2] Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA.
authors: Josée
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authors: Dupuis
authors: Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California 90502, USA.
authors: Jerome I
authors: JI
authors: Rotter
authors: 1] Massachusetts General Hospital, General Medicine Division, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA [2] Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
authors: James B
authors: JB
authors: Meigs
authors: MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0SL, UK.
authors: Robert A
authors: RA
authors: Scott
authors: 1] Department of Medicine and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048, USA [2] Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048, USA.
authors: Mark O
authors: MO
authors: Goodarzi
mesh_terms: D044383:Black People / Q000235:genetics; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics*; D059472:Exome / Q000235:genetics*; D005215:Fasting / Q000097:blood*; D056726:Genetic Association Studies; D056426:Genetic Loci; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D014644:Genetic Variation; D000067757:Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor / Q000235:genetics; D005952:Glucose-6-Phosphatase / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D059645:Mutation Rate; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide / Q000235:genetics; D044465:White People / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; C000593833:GLP1R protein, human; D000067757:Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor; D007328:Insulin; D005952:Glucose-6-Phosphatase; C492194:G6PC2 protein, human
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