title: More becomes less: management strategy has definitely changed over the past decade of splenic injury--a nationwide population-based study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Blunt spleen injury is generally taken as major trauma which is potentially lethal. However, the management strategy has progressively changed to noninvasive treatment over the decade. This study aimed to (1) find out the incidence and trend of strategy change; (2) investigate the effect of change on the mortality rate over the study period; and (3) evaluate the risk factors of mortality.
  
  
  METHODS
  We utilized nationwide population-based data to explore the incidence of BSI during a 12-year study period. The demographic characteristics, including gender, age, surgical intervention, blood transfusion, availability of CT scans, and numbers of coexisting injuries, were collected for analysis. Mortality, hospital length of stay, and cost were as outcome variables.
  
  
  RESULTS
  578 splenic injuries were recorded with an estimated incidence of 48 per million per year. The average 12-year overall mortality rate during hospital stay was 5.28% (29/549). There is a trend of decreasing operative management in patients (X (2), P = 0.004). The risk factors for mortality in BSI from a multivariate logistic regression analysis were amount of transfusion (OR 1.033, P < 0.001, CI 1.017-1.049), with or without CT obtained (OR 0.347, P = 0.026, CI 0.158-0.889), and numbers of coexisting injuries (OR 1.346, P = 0.043, CI 1.010-1.842).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although uncommon of BSI, management strategy is obviously changed to nonoperative treatment without increasing mortality and blood transfusion under the increase of CT utilization. Patients with more coexisting injuries and more blood transfusion had higher mortality.
authors: Division of Trauma, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan ; Department of Emergency Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
authors: Kwan-Ming
authors: KM
authors: Soo
authors: Division of Trauma, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan ; Department of Emergency Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan ; Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan ; Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
authors: Tsung-Ying
authors: TY
authors: Lin
authors: Division of Trauma, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan ; Department of Emergency Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan ; Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan ; Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
authors: Chao-Wen
authors: CW
authors: Chen
authors: Division of Trauma, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan ; Department of Emergency Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan ; Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan ; Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
authors: Yen-Ko
authors: 0000-0002-1484-3215
authors: YK
authors: Lin
authors: Division of Trauma, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan ; Department of Emergency Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
authors: Liang-Chi
authors: LC
authors: Kuo
authors: Nutrition Support Team, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan ; Division of Gastrointestinal and General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan ; Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan ; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
authors: Jaw-Yuan
authors: JY
authors: Wang
authors: Division of Trauma, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan ; Department of Emergency Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan ; Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan ; Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
authors: Wei-Che
authors: WC
authors: Lee
authors: Division of Trauma, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan ; Department of Emergency Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan ; Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan ; Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
authors: Hsing-Lin
authors: HL
authors: Lin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003710:Demography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D012307:Risk Factors; D013154:Spleen / Q000293:injuries* / Q000601:surgery; D013158:Splenic Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*; D013624:Taiwan / Q000453:epidemiology; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014949:Wounds, Nonpenetrating / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy
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