title: Memory timeline: Brain ERP C250 (not P300) is an early biomarker of short-term storage.
abstract: Brain event-related potentials (ERPs) offer a quantitative link between neurophysiological activity and cognitive performance. ERPs were measured while young adults performed a task that required storing a relevant stimulus in short-term memory. Using principal components analysis, ERP component C250 (maximum at 250 ms post-stimulus) was extracted from a set of ERPs that were separately averaged for various task conditions, including stimulus relevancy and stimulus sequence within a trial. C250 was more positive in response to task-specific stimuli that were successfully stored in short-term memory. This relationship between C250 and short-term memory storage of a stimulus was confirmed by a memory probe recall test where the behavioral recall of a stimulus was highly correlated with its C250 amplitude. ERP component P300 (and its subcomponents of P3a and P3b, which are commonly thought to represent memory operations) did not show a pattern of activation reflective of storing task-relevant stimuli. C250 precedes the P300, indicating that initial short-term memory storage may occur earlier than previously believed. Additionally, because C250 is so strongly predictive of a stimulus being stored in short-term memory, C250 may provide a strong index of early memory operations.
authors: Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences and Center for Visual Science, University of Rochester, Meliora Hall, Rochester, NY 14627, United States. Electronic address: rmc@cvs.rochester.edu.
authors: Robert M
authors: RM
authors: Chapman
authors: Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences and Center for Visual Science, University of Rochester, Meliora Hall, Rochester, NY 14627, United States.
authors: Margaret N
authors: MN
authors: Gardner
authors: Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Box 673, Rochester, NY 14642, United States.
authors: Mark
authors: M
authors: Mapstone
authors: Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences and Center for Visual Science, University of Rochester, Meliora Hall, Rochester, NY 14627, United States.
authors: Haley M
authors: HM
authors: Dupree
authors: Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences and Center for Visual Science, University of Rochester, Meliora Hall, Rochester, NY 14627, United States.
authors: Inga M
authors: IM
authors: Antonsdottir
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D001921:Brain / Q000502:physiology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000379:methods; D018913:Event-Related Potentials, P300 / Q000502:physiology; D005071:Evoked Potentials / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008570:Memory, Short-Term / Q000502:physiology*; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers
keywords: C250; P300; P3a; P3b; Principal components analysis (PCA); Short-term memory storage
references: Psychophysiology. 2000 Mar;37(2):127-52
references: 10731765
references: Biol Psychol. 2000 Oct;54(1-3):175-206
references: 11035223
references: Psychol Aging. 2002 Mar;17(1):140-60
references: 11931282
references: Neuroreport. 2003 Aug 6;14(11):1451-5
references: 12960762
references: Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am. 2004 Feb;15(1):133-61
references: 15029903
references: J Neural Transm (Vienna). 2004 Sep;111(9):1141-54
references: 15338330
references: Behav Brain Sci. 2003 Dec;26(6):709-28; discussion 728-77
references: 15377128
references: Brain Res Cogn Brain Res. 2004 Nov;21(3):388-400
references: 15511654
references: Science. 1975 Feb 28;187(4178):754-5
references: 1114321
references: Brain Lang. 1978 Mar;5(2):195-205
references: 638735
references: Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol. 1978 Sep;45(3):319-30
references: 79471
references: Science. 1978 Dec 15;202(4373):1211-4
references: 725596
references: Can J Psychol. 1981 Jun;35(2):201-12
references: 7248852
references: Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol. 1990 Nov;76(5):419-39
references: 1699736
references: Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol. 1993 Jul;87(1):46-53
references: 7687953
references: Brain Cogn. 1995 Apr;27(3):288-310
references: 7626278
references: Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol. 1997 Mar;102(3):200-15
references: 9129576
references: Brain Cogn. 1998 Apr;36(3):355-76
references: 9647684
references: Brain Topogr. 1998 Fall;11(1):43-55
references: 9758391
references: Nature. 1964 Jul 25;203:380-4
references: 14197376
references: Nature. 1964 Sep 12;203:1155-7
references: 14213667
references: Clin Neurophysiol. 2005 Aug;116(8):1747-53
references: 16000258
references: Neurobiol Aging. 2007 Feb;28(2):194-201
references: 16430992
references: Trends Cogn Sci. 2007 Jun;11(6):251-7
references: 17481940
references: Clin Neurophysiol. 2007 Oct;118(10):2128-48
references: 17573239
references: J Cogn Neurosci. 2008 Jun;20(6):989-1002
references: 18211245
references: Psychophysiology. 2011 Jun;48(6):861-75
references: 21073481
references: J Alzheimers Dis. 2013;33(1):55-68
references: 22886016