title: Trials of vaccines for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: Is there any hope of an improved prognosis?
abstract: Pancreatic tumors are chemoresistant and malignant, and there are very few therapeutic options for pancreatic cancer, as the disease is normally diagnosed at an advanced stage. Although attempts have been made to develop vaccine therapies for pancreatic cancer for a couple of decades, none of the resultant protocols or regimens have succeeded in improving the clinical outcomes of patients. We herein review vaccines tested within the past few years, including peptide, biological and multiple vaccines, and describe the three sets of criteria used to evaluate the therapeutic activity of vaccines in solid tumors.
authors: Department of Surgery, Surgical Oncology, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8543, Japan. tmizu@sapmed.ac.jp.|Department of Surgery, Surgical Oncology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, S-1, W-16, Chuo-Ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8543, Japan. tmizu@sapmed.ac.jp.
authors: Toru
authors: T
authors: Mizuguchi
authors: Department of Pathology I, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8543, Japan.
authors: Toshihiko
authors: T
authors: Torigoe
authors: Department of Surgery, Surgical Oncology, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8543, Japan.
authors: Fukino
authors: F
authors: Satomi
authors: Department of Surgery, Surgical Oncology, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8543, Japan.
authors: Hiroaki
authors: H
authors: Shima
authors: Department of Surgery, Surgical Oncology, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8543, Japan.
authors: Goro
authors: G
authors: Kutomi
authors: Department of Surgery, Surgical Oncology, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8543, Japan.
authors: Shigenori
authors: S
authors: Ota
authors: Department of Surgery, Surgical Oncology, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8543, Japan.
authors: Masayuki
authors: M
authors: Ishii
authors: Department of TR Management, Hokkaido Organization for Translational Research, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8638, Japan.
authors: Hiroshi
authors: H
authors: Hayashi
authors: Department of Public Health, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8543, Japan.
authors: Sumiyo
authors: S
authors: Asakura
authors: Department of Pathology I, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8543, Japan.
authors: Yoshihiko
authors: Y
authors: Hirohashi
authors: Department of Surgery, Surgical Oncology, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8543, Japan.
authors: Makoto
authors: M
authors: Meguro
authors: Department of Surgery, Surgical Oncology, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8543, Japan.
authors: Yasutoshi
authors: Y
authors: Kimura
authors: Department of Surgery, Surgical Oncology, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8543, Japan.
authors: Toshihiko
authors: T
authors: Nishidate
authors: Department of Surgery, Surgical Oncology, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8543, Japan.
authors: Kenji
authors: K
authors: Okita
authors: Department of Intellectual Property Management Office, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8543, Japan.
authors: Masaho
authors: M
authors: Ishino
authors: Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8543, Japan.
authors: Atsushi
authors: A
authors: Miyamoto
authors: Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8543, Japan.
authors: Masamitsu
authors: M
authors: Hatakenaka
authors: Department of Pathology I, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8543, Japan.
authors: Noriyuki
authors: N
authors: Sato
authors: Department of Surgery, Surgical Oncology, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8543, Japan.
authors: Koichi
authors: K
authors: Hirata
mesh_terms: D001428:Bacterial Vaccines; D019496:Cancer Vaccines / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002272:Carcinoembryonic Antigen; D021441:Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal / Q000628:therapy*; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D005587:Fowlpox virus; D005755:Gastrins; D011905:Genes, ras / Q000235:genetics; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins; D051034:Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins; D016547:Kinesins; D008089:Listeria monocytogenes; D018396:Mucin-1; D009154:Mutation; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000628:therapy*; D010455:Peptides; D000077022:Survivin; D019098:Telomerase; D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated; D040301:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2; D014765:Viral Vaccines; D025721:WT1 Proteins
chemical_list: C107489:BIRC5 protein, human; D001428:Bacterial Vaccines; D019496:Cancer Vaccines; D002272:Carcinoembryonic Antigen; C000593794:GVAX vaccine; D005755:Gastrins; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins; D051034:Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins; C410089:KIF20A protein, human; C060192:MUC1 protein, human; D018396:Mucin-1; D010455:Peptides; D000077022:Survivin; D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated; D014765:Viral Vaccines; D025721:WT1 Proteins; C583751:WT1 protein, human; C482698:gastrin immunogen; C000588866:KDR protein, human; D040301:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2; C509186:TERT protein, human; D019098:Telomerase; D016547:Kinesins
keywords: Immunomodulation; Pancreatic cancer; Vaccine
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