title: Dovitinib (TKI258), a multi-target angiokinase inhibitor, is effective regardless of KRAS or BRAF mutation status in colorectal cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We aimed to determine whether KRAS and BRAF mutant colorectal cancer (CRC) cells exhibit distinct sensitivities to the multi-target angiokinase inhibitor, TKI258 (dovitinib).
  
  
  METHODS
  We screened 10 CRC cell lines by using receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) array to identify activated RTKs. MTT assays, anchorage-independent colony-formation assays, and immunoblotting assays were performed to evaluate the in vitro anti-tumor effects of TKI258. In vivo efficacy study followed by pharmacodynamic evaluation was done.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 1 (FGFR1) and FGFR3 were among the most highly activated RTKs in CRC cell lines. In in vitro assays, the BRAF mutant HT-29 cells were more resistant to the TKI258 than the KRAS mutant LoVo cells. However, in xenograft assays, TKI258 equally delayed the growth of tumors induced by both cell lines. TUNEL assays showed that the apoptotic index was unchanged following TKI258 treatment, but staining for Ki-67 and CD31 was substantially reduced in both xenografts, implying an anti-angiogenic effect of the drug. TKI258 treatment was effective in delaying CRC tumor growth in vivo regardless of the KRAS and BRAF mutation status.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results identify FGFRs as potential targets in CRC treatment and suggest that combined targeting of multiple RTKs with TKI258 might serve as a novel approach to improve outcome of patients with CRC.
authors: Division of Medical Oncology, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine Seoul, Korea.
authors: Choong-Kun
authors: CK
authors: Lee
authors: Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Institute for Cancer Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine Seoul, Korea.
authors: Myung Eun
authors: ME
authors: Lee
authors: Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Institute for Cancer Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine Seoul, Korea.
authors: Won Suk
authors: WS
authors: Lee
authors: Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Institute for Cancer Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine Seoul, Korea.
authors: Jeong Min
authors: JM
authors: Kim
authors: Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Institute for Cancer Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine Seoul, Korea.
authors: Kyu Hyun
authors: KH
authors: Park
authors: Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Institute for Cancer Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine Seoul, Korea.
authors: Tae Soo
authors: TS
authors: Kim
authors: Department of Surgery, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine Seoul, Korea.
authors: Kang Young
authors: KY
authors: Lee
authors: Division of Medical Oncology, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine Seoul, Korea ; Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Institute for Cancer Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine Seoul, Korea.
authors: Joong Bae
authors: JB
authors: Ahn
authors: Division of Medical Oncology, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine Seoul, Korea ; Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Institute for Cancer Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine Seoul, Korea.
authors: Hyun Cheol
authors: HC
authors: Chung
authors: Division of Medical Oncology, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine Seoul, Korea ; Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Institute for Cancer Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine Seoul, Korea.
authors: Sun Young
authors: SY
authors: Rha
keywords: BRAF; Colorectal cancer; Dovitinib (TKI258); FGFR; KRAS; multi-target angiokinase inhibitor
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