title: Measuring surgical outcomes for improvement: was Codman wrong?
authors: Institute for Healthcare Improvement, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
authors: Donald M
authors: DM
authors: Berwick
mesh_terms: D000046:Academic Medical Centers / Q000592:standards*; D005260:Female; D005102:Health Expenditures; D006761:Hospitals / Q000592:standards*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D006278:Medicare / Q000191:economics*; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care / Q000379:methods*; D010359:Patient Readmission / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D013514:Surgical Procedures, Operative / Q000191:economics* / Q000401:mortality*