title: Predicting in-hospital mortality in Iranian patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is the most fatal subtype of stroke. Despite limited effective therapy, there is no accepted clinical grading scale to predict in-hospital mortality, especially in developing nations. The purpose of this study was to assess the predictors of in-hospital mortality among a sample of Iranian patients with spontaneous ICH for use at the time of the first evaluation.
  
  
  METHODS
  This prospective study was carried from January 2010 to the end of January 2011. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory data of ICH patients were collected. Hematoma volume and perihematoma edema (PHE) were measured on brain computed tomography scan using ABC/2 formula. Logistic regression analysis was performed to determine independent variables contributing to in-hospital mortality.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of a total 167 consecutive ICH patients, 98 patients met inclusion criteria. Mean ± standard deviation age of patients was 70.16 ± 12.52. After multivariate analysis, five variables remained as independent predictors of in-hospital mortality included: age [odds ratio (OR) = 1.12, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.03-1.23, P = 0.009], diabetes mellitus (OR = 10.86, 95% CI = 1.08-109.24, P = 0.009), National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score (OR = 1.41, 95% CI = 1.08-1.68, P ≤ 0.001), as well as volume of hematoma (OR = 1.1, 95% CI = 1.03-1.17, P = 0.003), and PHE (OR = 0.75, 95% CI = 0.60-0.93, P = 0.010).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results indicate that older age, diabetes mellitus, higher NIHSS, as well as larger volume of hematoma, and smaller PHE on admission are important predictors of in-hospital mortality in our ICH patients.
authors: Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Poursina Hospital, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
authors: Babak
authors: B
authors: Bakhshayesh
authors: Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Poursina Hospital, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
authors: Mozaffar
authors: M
authors: Hosseininezhad
authors: School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
authors: Seyed Mohammad
authors: SM
authors: Seyed Saadat
authors: Guilan Road Trauma Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
authors: Morvarid
authors: M
authors: Hajmanuchehri
authors: Department of Biostatistics, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
authors: Ehsan
authors: E
authors: Kazemnezhad
authors: Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Poursina Hospital, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
authors: Amir-Reza
authors: AR
authors: Ghayeghran
keywords: Hematoma; Intracerebral Hemorrhage; Mortality; Outcome
references: Stroke. 2010 Sep;41(9):2108-29
references: 20651276
references: J Neurosurg Anesthesiol. 2003 Jul;15(3):230-3
references: 12826970
references: Stroke. 2009 Nov;40(11):3567-73
references: 19729603
references: Acta Neurol Belg. 2012 Dec;112(4):375-82
references: 22674031
references: Diabetes Care. 2000 Oct;23(10):1527-32
references: 11023147
references: Int J Qual Health Care. 2009 Dec;21(6):441-7
references: 19828550
references: J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 2001 May-Jun;10(3):122-7
references: 17903812
references: Lancet Neurol. 2010 Feb;9(2):167-76
references: 20056489
references: Neurol Sci. 2013 Nov;34(11):1933-9
references: 23543380
references: Neurology. 2009 Dec 8;73(23):1963-8
references: 19996072
references: Lancet. 2009 May 9;373(9675):1632-44
references: 19427958
references: Stroke. 2009 Feb;40(2):394-9
references: 19038914
references: Neurocrit Care. 2010 Aug;13(1):141-51
references: 20490715
references: Stroke. 2003 Jul;34(7):1717-22
references: 12805488
references: Nat Rev Neurol. 2010 Nov;6(11):593-601
references: 20877400
references: Stroke. 2004 Feb;35(2):426-31
references: 14757893
references: J Neurol. 2006 Jun;253(6):788-93
references: 16525882
references: Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 1996 Sep-Oct;75(5):364-9
references: 8873704
references: Stroke. 2001 Apr;32(4):891-7
references: 11283388
references: Stroke. 2008 Aug;39(8):2304-9
references: 18556582
references: Stroke. 2007 May;38(5):1641-4
references: 17379820
references: BMC Neurol. 2004 Jun 14;4:9
references: 15193159
references: Stroke. 2007 Jun;38(6):2001-23
references: 17478736
references: Crit Care Med. 2008 Jul;36(7):2151-6
references: 18552701
references: Stroke. 2002 Nov;33(11):2636-41
references: 12411654
references: Stroke. 2011 Sep;42(9):2625-9
references: 21737803
references: Stroke. 1996 Aug;27(8):1304-5
references: 8711791
references: J Crit Care. 2013 Jun;28(3):316.e1-8
references: 22884530