title: Anethole inhibits growth of recently emerged multidrug resistant toxigenic Vibrio cholerae O1 El Tor variant strains in vitro.
abstract: To search natural compounds having inhibitory effect on bacterial growth is important, particularly in view of growing multidrug resistant (MDR) strains of bacterial pathogens. Like other bacterial pathogens, MDR Vibrio cholerae, the causative agent of diarrheal disease cholera, is becoming a great concern. As an approach of searching new antimicrobial agents, here, we show that anethole, a well-studied natural component of sweet fennel and star anise seeds, could potentially inhibit the growth of MDR O1 El Tor biotype, the ongoing 7th cholera pandemic variant strains of toxigenic V. cholerae. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of anethole against diverse O1 El Tor biotype strains is evaluated as 200 µg/ml. Moreover, the effect of anethole is bactericidal and exerts rapid-killing action on V. cholerae cells. This study is the first report which demonstrates that anethole, purified from natural compound, is a potent inhibitor of growth of toxigenic V. cholerae. Our data suggest that anethole could be a potential antimicrobial drug candidate, particularly against MDR V. cholerae mediated infections.
authors: Department of Veterinary Science, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka 598-8531, Japan.
authors: M Shamim Hasan
authors: MS
authors: Zahid
authors: Sharda Prasad
authors: SP
authors: Awasthi
authors: Atsushi
authors: A
authors: Hinenoya
authors: Shinji
authors: S
authors: Yamasaki
mesh_terms: D000081248:Allylbenzene Derivatives; D000840:Anisoles / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D024901:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; D015964:Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; D014644:Genetic Variation; D041241:Vibrio cholerae O1 / Q000145:classification / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D000081248:Allylbenzene Derivatives; D000840:Anisoles; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; C006578:anethole
references: Microbes Infect. 2003 Apr;5(4):329-44
references: 12706446
references: Phytother Res. 2002 Feb;16(1):94-5
references: 11807977
references: Microbiol Immunol. 1986;30(11):1075-83
references: 3543624
references: Microbiol Immunol. 1992;36(9):999-1001
references: 1461156
references: Microbiol Mol Biol Rev. 1998 Dec;62(4):1301-14
references: 9841673
references: Explore (NY). 2006 Sep-Oct;2(5):446-9
references: 16979110
references: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2007 Mar 20;104(12):5151-6
references: 17360342
references: Microbiol Immunol. 2008 Jun;52(6):314-7
references: 18577166
references: J Clin Microbiol. 2009 Apr;47(4):1087-95
references: 19158257
references: Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 2009 Jul;73(7):1623-7
references: 19584531
references: Infect Immun. 2009 Sep;77(9):4111-20
references: 19564378
references: Epidemiol Infect. 2010 Mar;138(3):347-52
references: 19678971
references: Emerg Infect Dis. 2010 Nov;16(11):1804-5
references: 21029554
references: J Clin Microbiol. 2010 Nov;48(11):4283-6
references: 20810767
references: J Med Microbiol. 2011 Apr;60(Pt 4):397-407
references: 21252269
references: Indian J Med Res. 2011 Feb;133:153-63
references: 21415489
references: J Clin Microbiol. 2011 Nov;49(11):3739-49
references: 21880975
references: Emerg Infect Dis. 2011 Nov;17(11):2151-4
references: 22099122
references: J Med Microbiol. 2012 Mar;61(Pt 3):431-7
references: 22016560
references: Lancet. 2012 Jun 30;379(9835):2466-76
references: 22748592
references: Asian Pac J Trop Med. 2013 May 13;6(5):352-9
references: 23608373
references: J Ethnopharmacol. 2007 May 22;111(3):607-12
references: 17314018
references: Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2000 Sep;16(1):51-9
references: 11185414
references: J Agric Food Chem. 2004 Aug 11;52(16):5011-20
references: 15291468