title: Comparison of image-based and reconstruction-based respiratory motion correction for golden radial phase encoding coronary MR angiography.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate two commonly used respiratory motion correction techniques for coronary magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) regarding their dependency on motion estimation accuracy and final image quality and to compare both methods to the respiratory gating approach used in clinical practice.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten healthy volunteers were scanned using a non-Cartesian radial phase encoding acquisition. Respiratory motion was corrected for coronary MRA according to two motion correction techniques, image-based (IMC) and reconstruction-based (RMC) respiratory motion correction. Both motion correction approaches were compared quantitatively and qualitatively against a reference standard navigator-based respiratory gating (RG) approach. Quantitative comparisons were performed regarding visible vessel length, vessel sharpness, and total acquisition time. Two experts carried out a visual scoring of image quality. Additionally, numerical simulations were performed to evaluate the effect of motion estimation inaccuracy on RMC and IMC.
  
  
  RESULTS
  RMC led to significantly better image quality than IMC (P's paired Student's t-test were smaller than 0.001 for vessel sharpness and visual scoring). RMC did not show a statistically significant difference compared to reference standard RG (vessel length [99% confidence interval]: 86.913 [83.097-95.015], P = 0.107; vessel sharpness: 0.640 [0.605-0.802], P = 0.012; visual scoring: 2.583 [2.410-3.424], P = 0.018) in terms of vessel visualization and image quality while reducing scan times by 56%. Simulations showed higher dependencies for RMC than for IMC on motion estimation inaccuracies.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  RMC provides a similar image quality as the clinically used RG approach but almost halves the scan time and is independent of subjects' breathing patterns. Clinical validation of RMC is now desirable.
authors: Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Karlsruhe, Germany.|King's College London, Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, London, UK.
authors: Nadia K
authors: NK
authors: Paschke
authors: Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Karlsruhe, Germany.
authors: Olaf
authors: O
authors: Dössel
authors: King's College London, Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, London, UK.
authors: Tobias
authors: T
authors: Schaeffter
authors: King's College London, Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, London, UK.|Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Escuela de Ingeniería, Santiago, Chile.
authors: Claudia
authors: C
authors: Prieto
authors: King's College London, Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, London, UK.
authors: Christoph
authors: C
authors: Kolbitsch
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000465:Algorithms; D016477:Artifacts; D017023:Coronary Angiography / Q000379:methods*; D003331:Coronary Vessels / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods*; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods; D016247:Information Storage and Retrieval / Q000379:methods; D018810:Magnetic Resonance Angiography / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D009038:Motion; D015588:Observer Variation; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D015656:Respiratory Mechanics; D055425:Respiratory-Gated Imaging Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted
keywords: coronary MRA; motion estimation accuracy; radial phase encoding; respiratory motion correction