title: Prevalence of musculoskeletal dysfunctions among Indian pregnant women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Pregnancy triggers a wide range of changes in a woman's body leading to various musculoskeletal dysfunctions. Most commonly reported musculoskeletal discomforts by pregnant women are low back pain and symphysis pubis pain. The culture and the environmental factors may influence the discomforts experienced by a pregnant woman. There is a dearth of literature in India, regarding the common musculoskeletal dysfunctions experienced by a pregnant woman, and hence this study.
  
  
  METHODS
  A questionnaire to identify the musculoskeletal dysfunction was developed; content was validated and was translated to local languages through parallel back translation. 261 primiparous pregnant women participated in the study and filled the questionnaire in their native language.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among the musculoskeletal dysfunctions reported by the pregnant women, 64.6% reported calf muscle cramps, 37.1% reported foot pain, and 33.7% experienced low back pain in their third trimester. In the second trimester, common musculoskeletal dysfunctions experienced by the women were that of calf pain (47.8%), low back pain (42%), and pelvic girdle pain (37%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Musculoskeletal dysfunctions and general discomforts very commonly affect the activities of daily living of pregnant women. Understanding the common discomforts during various trimesters of pregnancy will help to develop a comprehensive program for prevention and cure.
authors: Department of Physiotherapy, School of Allied Health Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal 576104, India.
authors: Preetha
authors: 0000-0002-8241-2396
authors: P
authors: Ramachandra
authors: Department of Physiotherapy, School of Allied Health Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal 576104, India.
authors: Arun G
authors: AG
authors: Maiya
authors: Department of OBG, Kasturba Hospital, Manipal 576104, India.
authors: Pratap
authors: P
authors: Kumar
authors: Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal 576104, India.
authors: Asha
authors: A
authors: Kamath
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005221:Fatigue / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology; D009140:Musculoskeletal Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011264:Pregnancy Trimesters; D015995:Prevalence; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014549:Urinary Incontinence / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult
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