title: Solar cells. Low trap-state density and long carrier diffusion in organolead trihalide perovskite single crystals.
abstract: The fundamental properties and ultimate performance limits of organolead trihalide MAPbX3 (MA = CH3NH3(+); X = Br(-) or I(-)) perovskites remain obscured by extensive disorder in polycrystalline MAPbX3 films. We report an antisolvent vapor-assisted crystallization approach that enables us to create sizable crack-free MAPbX3 single crystals with volumes exceeding 100 cubic millimeters. These large single crystals enabled a detailed characterization of their optical and charge transport characteristics. We observed exceptionally low trap-state densities on the order of 10(9) to 10(10) per cubic centimeter in MAPbX3 single crystals (comparable to the best photovoltaic-quality silicon) and charge carrier diffusion lengths exceeding 10 micrometers. These results were validated with density functional theory calculations.
authors: Solar and Photovoltaic Engineering Research Center (SPERC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), 23955-6900 Thuwal, Saudi Arabia.
authors: Dong
authors: D
authors: Shi
authors: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G4, Canada.
authors: Valerio
authors: V
authors: Adinolfi
authors: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G4, Canada.
authors: Riccardo
authors: R
authors: Comin
authors: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G4, Canada.
authors: Mingjian
authors: M
authors: Yuan
authors: Solar and Photovoltaic Engineering Research Center (SPERC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), 23955-6900 Thuwal, Saudi Arabia.
authors: Erkki
authors: E
authors: Alarousu
authors: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G4, Canada.
authors: Andrei
authors: A
authors: Buin
authors: Solar and Photovoltaic Engineering Research Center (SPERC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), 23955-6900 Thuwal, Saudi Arabia.
authors: Yin
authors: Y
authors: Chen
authors: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G4, Canada.
authors: Sjoerd
authors: S
authors: Hoogland
authors: Solar and Photovoltaic Engineering Research Center (SPERC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), 23955-6900 Thuwal, Saudi Arabia.
authors: Alexander
authors: A
authors: Rothenberger
authors: Solar and Photovoltaic Engineering Research Center (SPERC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), 23955-6900 Thuwal, Saudi Arabia.
authors: Khabiboulakh
authors: K
authors: Katsiev
authors: Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA.
authors: Yaroslav
authors: Y
authors: Losovyj
authors: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA.
authors: Xin
authors: X
authors: Zhang
authors: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA.
authors: Peter A
authors: PA
authors: Dowben
authors: Solar and Photovoltaic Engineering Research Center (SPERC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), 23955-6900 Thuwal, Saudi Arabia.
authors: Omar F
authors: OF
authors: Mohammed
authors: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G4, Canada.
authors: Edward H
authors: EH
authors: Sargent
authors: Solar and Photovoltaic Engineering Research Center (SPERC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), 23955-6900 Thuwal, Saudi Arabia. osman.bakr@kaust.edu.sa.
authors: Osman M
authors: OM
authors: Bakr