title: Modulation of Intestinal Epithelial Defense Responses by Probiotic Bacteria.
abstract: Probiotics are live microorganisms, which when administered in food confer numerous health benefits. In previous studies about beneficial effects of probiotic bacteria to health, particularly in the fields of intestinal mucosa defense responses, specific probiotics, in a strain-dependent manner, show certain degree of potential to reinforce the integrity of intestinal epithelium and/or regulate some immune components. The mechanism of probiotic action is an area of interest. Among all possible routes of modulation by probiotics of intestinal epithelial cell-mediated defense responses, modulations of intestinal barrier function, innate, and adaptive mucosal immune responses, as well as signaling pathways are considered to play important role in the intestinal defense responses against pathogenic bacteria. This review summarizes the beneficial effects of probiotic bacteria to intestinal health together with the mechanisms affected by probiotic bacteria: barrier function, innate, and adaptive defense responses such as secretion of mucins, defensins, trefoil factors, immunoglobulin A (IgA), Toll-like receptors (TLRs), cytokines, gut associated lymphoid tissues, and signaling pathways.
authors: a Food and Nutritional Sciences, School of Biological Sciences , Kadoorie Biological Sciences Building, The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam , Hong Kong.
authors: L Y M
authors: LY
authors: Wan
authors: a Food and Nutritional Sciences, School of Biological Sciences , Kadoorie Biological Sciences Building, The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam , Hong Kong.
authors: Z J
authors: ZJ
authors: Chen
authors: a Food and Nutritional Sciences, School of Biological Sciences , Kadoorie Biological Sciences Building, The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam , Hong Kong.|b Adjunct Professor , Victoria University , Melbourne , Australia.
authors: N P
authors: NP
authors: Shah
authors: a Food and Nutritional Sciences, School of Biological Sciences , Kadoorie Biological Sciences Building, The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam , Hong Kong.|c Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland , Kuopio , Finland.
authors: H
authors: H
authors: El-Nezami
mesh_terms: D056704:Adaptive Immunity / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D023082:Defensins / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology; D000069196:Gastrointestinal Microbiome; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate / Q000502:physiology; D007070:Immunoglobulin A / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000166:cytology / Q000382:microbiology*; D009077:Mucins / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D019936:Probiotics; D015398:Signal Transduction; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D000071162:Trefoil Factors / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D023082:Defensins; D007070:Immunoglobulin A; D009077:Mucins; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors; D000071162:Trefoil Factors
keywords: Probiotics; adaptive immunity; innate immunity; intestinal epithelia; mucosal immunity