title: Cardiovascular complications of type 2 diabetes in youth.
abstract: The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in youth has increased dramatically over the past decades. The literature also suggests that the progression from an impaired glucose tolerance state to established T2DM is more rapid in youth, compared to adults. The presence of significant cardiovascular complications in youth with T2DM, including cardiac, macrovascular, and microvascular remodeling, is another major issue in this younger cohort and poses a significant threat to the healthcare system. However, this issue is only now emerging as a major public health concern, with few data to support optimal treatment targets and strategies to reduce cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in youth with T2DM. Accordingly, the purpose of this minireview is to better understand the cardiovascular complications in youth with T2DM. We briefly describe the pathophysiology from youth studies, including oxidative stress, inflammation, renin-angiotensin aldosterone system, and epigenetics, which link T2DM and CVD. We also describe the literature concerning the early signs of CVD in youth and potential treatment options to reduce cardiovascular risk.
authors: a Health, Leisure and Human Performance Research Institute, Faculty of Kinesiology and Recreation Management, University Of Manitoba.|b Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre.
authors: D Scott
authors: DS
authors: Kehler
authors: a Health, Leisure and Human Performance Research Institute, Faculty of Kinesiology and Recreation Management, University Of Manitoba.|b Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre.
authors: Andrew N
authors: AN
authors: Stammers
authors: b Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre.|c Department of Physiology, University of Manitoba.
authors: Shanel E
authors: SE
authors: Susser
authors: a Health, Leisure and Human Performance Research Institute, Faculty of Kinesiology and Recreation Management, University Of Manitoba.|b Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre.
authors: Naomi C
authors: NC
authors: Hamm
authors: a Health, Leisure and Human Performance Research Institute, Faculty of Kinesiology and Recreation Management, University Of Manitoba.|b Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre.
authors: Dustin E
authors: DE
authors: Kimber
authors: a Health, Leisure and Human Performance Research Institute, Faculty of Kinesiology and Recreation Management, University Of Manitoba.|b Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre.
authors: Michael W
authors: MW
authors: Hlynsky
authors: a Health, Leisure and Human Performance Research Institute, Faculty of Kinesiology and Recreation Management, University Of Manitoba.|b Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre.|c Department of Physiology, University of Manitoba.|d Manitoba Institute of Child Health, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
authors: Todd A
authors: TA
authors: Duhamel
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000378:metabolism; D002648:Child; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: cardiovascular disease; clinical trials; diabète sucré de type 2; essais cliniques; jeunes; maladie cardiovasculaire; pathophysiologie; pathophysiology; type 2 diabetes mellitus; youth