title: Molecular characterization of CTX-M type Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase producing E. coli isolated from humans and the environment.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Escherichia coli is a common pathogen causing community- and hospital-acquired infections. The infections caused by the Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase (ESBL) enzymes-producing E. coli hinder antibiotic treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Plasmid DNA samples were subjected to PCR specific for TEM, SHV and CTX-M genes obtained from 110 E. coli strains isolated from hospitalized patients, healthy individuals and environment in Vellore, South India .
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among the 110 isolates tested, 21.8% were positive for TEM and 2.7% positive for SHV and 91.8% positive for CTX-M. The proportion of CTX-M positive E. coli was not statistically different between the study groups. Nineteen of 20 strains were CTX-M-15 type and the other was CTX-M-14 type. The phylogenetic analysis of 19 strains clustered with the pandemic CTX-M-15-ST131 strain, indicating this as an evolving global problem for antibiotic therapy. The geomapping of samples indicated 'hotspot' areas of healthy individuals, patients and the environmental samples.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The spatial presentation of GIS mapping allowed identification of clustering among patients and healthy individuals and contaminated environmental points.
authors: E A
authors: EA
authors: George
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Sankar
authors: M V
authors: MV
authors: Jesudasan
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Sudandiradoss
authors: Professor and Director, Sri Sakthi Amma Institute of Biomedical Research, Sri Narayani Hospital and Research Centre, Sripuram, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors: B
authors: B
authors: Nandagopal
mesh_terms: D016022:Case-Control Studies; D019295:Computational Biology; D003428:Cross Infection; D004783:Environmental Microbiology; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D004927:Escherichia coli Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology*; D060005:Genotyping Techniques; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007194:India; D010802:Phylogeny; D010957:Plasmids; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D001618:beta-Lactamases / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D001618:beta-Lactamases