title: Impact of close-proximity air pollution on lung function in schoolchildren in the French West Indies.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  High levels of asthma prevalence and severity of respiratory symptoms have been found in the Caribbean but little is known about the impact of air pollution in these regions. This study aimed to describe air pollution and measure the associations with child lung function in Guadeloupe (French West Indies).
  
  
  METHODS
  Data from 30 randomly chosen elementary schools (8-13 years old) were obtained using a standardized protocol adapted from the ISAAC2 study. We considered two health outcomes: peak expiratory flow (PEF) before running and the variation in peak expiratory flow (ΔPEF) after running. The associations between pollutants and outcomes were investigated using several air pollution exposure models: i) medium-term exposure to close-proximity pollution both indoor and outdoor for ozone (O₃) and nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) and ii) short- and medium-term exposure to background pollution for O₃, NO₂, sulphur dioxide (SO₂) and small particulate matter (PM10).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 1,463 children, 277 (16%) were found to have asthma. A 1-μg/m3 increase in medium-term exposure to outdoor close-proximity pollution by O₃ was associated with a PEF decrease (β = -0.32; 95% CI: -0.61;-0.03). No association was found with NO₂ regarding close-proximity pollution. The association between medium-term exposure to background pollution and PEF decrease was stronger in asthmatic children than in non-asthmatic children for O₃. No reduction in PEF or ΔPEF was shown with NO₂, SO₂ and PM₁₀ pollutants but a significant association was found between PM₁₀ and PEF increase.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that O₃ could have an acute effect on child lung function in the Caribbean even at a low concentration (below the WHO guidelines). Further research in the Caribbean is needed to confirm these findings.
authors: ISPED, Centre INSERM U897-Epidemiologie-Biostatistique, Univ. Bordeaux, F-33000, Bordeaux, France. brice.amadeo@gmail.com.|INSERM, ISPED, Centre INSERM U897-Epidemiologie-Biostatistique, F-33000, Bordeaux, France. brice.amadeo@gmail.com.
authors: Brice
authors: B
authors: Amadeo
authors: ISPED, Centre INSERM U897-Epidemiologie-Biostatistique, Univ. Bordeaux, F-33000, Bordeaux, France. celine.robert@gmail.com.|INSERM, ISPED, Centre INSERM U897-Epidemiologie-Biostatistique, F-33000, Bordeaux, France. celine.robert@gmail.com.
authors: Céline
authors: C
authors: Robert
authors: ISPED, Centre INSERM U897-Epidemiologie-Biostatistique, Univ. Bordeaux, F-33000, Bordeaux, France. virginie.rondeau@isped.u-bordeaux2.fr.|INSERM, ISPED, Centre INSERM U897-Epidemiologie-Biostatistique, F-33000, Bordeaux, France. virginie.rondeau@isped.u-bordeaux2.fr.
authors: Virginie
authors: V
authors: Rondeau
authors: Association Karu-Asthme, F-97110, Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe. dr.mounouchy@wanadoo.fr.
authors: Marie-Alice
authors: MA
authors: Mounouchy
authors: Association Karu-Asthme, F-97110, Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe. lucie.cordeau@orange.fr.
authors: Lucie
authors: L
authors: Cordeau
authors: Association Karu-Asthme, F-97110, Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe. dr.birambaux@wanadoo.fr.
authors: Xavier
authors: X
authors: Birembaux
authors: Association Karu-Asthme, F-97110, Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe. eddy.citadelle@wanadoo.fr.
authors: Eddy
authors: E
authors: Citadelle
authors: Association Karu-Asthme, F-97110, Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe. jack.goth@wanadoo.fr.
authors: Jacques
authors: J
authors: Gotin
authors: Association Karu-Asthme, F-97110, Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe. monique.gouranton@wanadoo.fr.
authors: Monique
authors: M
authors: Gouranton
authors: Association Karu-Asthme, F-97110, Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe. gerard.marcin@wanadoo.fr.
authors: Gérard
authors: G
authors: Marcin
authors: Association Karu-Asthme, F-97110, Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe. david.laurac@wanadoo.fr.
authors: David
authors: D
authors: Laurac
authors: ISPED, Centre INSERM U897-Epidemiologie-Biostatistique, Univ. Bordeaux, F-33000, Bordeaux, France. chantal.raherison@isped.u-bordeaux2.fr.|INSERM, ISPED, Centre INSERM U897-Epidemiologie-Biostatistique, F-33000, Bordeaux, France. chantal.raherison@isped.u-bordeaux2.fr.|CHU Bordeaux, service de Pneumologie, F-33000, Bordeaux, France. chantal.raherison@isped.u-bordeaux2.fr.|ISPED, Equipe Santé Travail Environnement, Université de Bordeaux, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33076, Bordeaux, France. chantal.raherison@isped.u-bordeaux2.fr.
authors: Chantal
authors: C
authors: Raherison
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000397:Air Pollution / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001249:Asthma / Q000453:epidemiology*; D002648:Child; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D019430:Guadeloupe / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D008168:Lung / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D012129:Respiratory Function Tests / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants
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