title: Smoking and Alzheimer's disease among Mongolian and Han Chinese aged 55 years and over living in the Inner Mongolia farming area of China.
abstract: Residents aged 55 years or older from 27 communities and two settlements in Xilingol League of Inner Mongolia were selected for participation in an Alzheimer's disease epidemiological investigation from June 2008 to June 2009, including 3 259 Mongolians and 5 887 Han Chinese. The Mongolian subjects in the Alzheimer's disease group were at age of 55 years or older (on average), and more of them were male, illiterate and/or had a history of coronary artery disease and/or diabetes compared with the Mongolian subjects in the non-Alzheimer's disease group. The Han Chinese subjects in the Alzheimer's disease group were at age of 55 years or older (on average) and more of them were women, illiterate and/or had a history of coronary artery disease, and less of them had a history of alcohol consumption compared with the non-Alzheimer's disease group. Non-conditional multivariate stepwise logistic regression identified that male gender, increasing age and having a history of diabetes and/or coronary heart disease were associated with higher odds of Alzheimer's disease among Mongolians while having an educational background was associated with lower odds (OR = 0.259, 95%CI 0.174-0.386). Among the Han Chinese subjects, male gender, increasing age and having a history of coronary heart disease and/or hypertension was associated with higher odds of Alzheimer's disease, while having an educational background was associated lower odds (OR = 0.271, 95%CI 0.192-0.381). The results also indicated that extremely heavy smoking may be a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease in Mongolian males aged over 55 years. There was no significant difference in smoking habits between the Mongolian and Han Chinese subjects with Alzheimer's disease.
authors: Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical College, Hohhot 010050, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China.
authors: Chunyu
authors: C
authors: Zhang
authors: School of Mathematical Sciences, Inner Mongolian University, Hohhot 010021, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China.
authors: Lin
authors: L
authors: Da
authors: Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical College, Hohhot 010050, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China.
authors: Shigang
authors: S
authors: Zhao
authors: Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China.
authors: Desheng
authors: D
authors: Wang
authors: Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical College, Hohhot 010050, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China.
authors: Guangming
authors: G
authors: Niu
authors: Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical College, Hohhot 010050, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China.
authors: Huriletemuer
keywords: Alzheimer's disease; Han Chinese population; Mongolian; elderly; epidemiology; protection factor; risk factor
references: Neurology. 1999 Jan 1;52(1):78-84
references: 9921852
references: Neuro Endocrinol Lett. 2005 Jun;26(3):261-3
references: 15990733
references: Diabetes. 2009 Jan;58(1):71-7
references: 18952836
references: Am J Epidemiol. 2002 Jun 15;155(12):1081-7
references: 12048221
references: Neurobiol Dis. 2010 Mar;37(3):756-63
references: 20044001
references: Pharmacol Res. 2005 Aug;52(2):119-32
references: 15967377
references: J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 2006 Mar;47(3):348-58
references: 16633075
references: Arch Neurol. 2008 Jan;65(1):89-93
references: 18195144
references: Circ J. 2006 May;70(5):593-9
references: 16636496
references: Arch Neurol. 2005 Mar;62(3):447-53
references: 15767510
references: Am J Epidemiol. 1999 Apr 1;149(7):640-4
references: 10192311
references: J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2005 Dec;76 Suppl 5:v2-7
references: 16291918
references: Curr Opin Pharmacol. 2004 Feb;4(1):36-46
references: 15018837
references: Respirology. 2005 Jan;10(1):36-9
references: 15691236
references: BMC Geriatr. 2008 Dec 23;8:36
references: 19105840
references: Neuroscience. 2003;122(2):515-20
references: 14614915
references: Am J Clin Nutr. 2007 Feb;85(2):511-7
references: 17284751
references: Mt Sinai J Med. 2010 Jan-Feb;77(1):82-102
references: 20101718
references: Life Sci. 2006 Feb 16;78(12):1378-84
references: 16226278
references: Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1994 Apr;55(4):370-7
references: 8162662
references: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2005 Feb 22;102(8):3046-51
references: 15705720
references: Neurology. 2005 Aug 23;65(4):545-51
references: 16116114
references: Nature. 2005 Jul 7;436(7047):103-7
references: 16001069
references: Ageing Res Rev. 2010 Jul;9(3):218-25
references: 20385255
references: Ann Epidemiol. 2003 Jul;13(6):472-8
references: 12875807
references: Neuroscience. 2005;130(4):997-1012
references: 15652996
references: Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2006 Mar;184(3-4):523-39
references: 16220335
references: Birth Defects Res B Dev Reprod Toxicol. 2005 Oct;74(5):383-91
references: 16193507
references: Neurology. 2007 Jan 16;68(3):223-8
references: 17224578
references: J Alzheimers Dis. 2006 Aug;9(4):429-33
references: 16917152
references: J Alzheimers Dis. 2010;20(1):17-30
references: 20378957
references: Neurology. 1984 Jul;34(7):939-44
references: 6610841
references: Neurobiol Aging. 2003 Jul-Aug;24(4):589-96
references: 12714116
references: Am J Epidemiol. 1991 Apr 15;133(8):810-7
references: 2021148