title: Cerebrospinal fluid inflammatory cytokines and aggression in personality disordered subjects.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Neurochemical studies have pointed to a modulatory role in human aggression for a variety of central neurotransmitters and neuromodulators such as cytokines. While animal studies of cytokines suggest an aggression-facilitating role for central cytokines, especially for interleukin-1β and other cytokines, no cerebrospinal fluid studies of cytokines have yet been reported in regard to human aggression.
  
  
  METHODS
  Basal lumbar cerebrospinal fluid samples were obtained from 38 physically healthy subjects with DSM-5 Personality Disorder and assayed for cerebrospinal fluid interleukin-6 (log IL-6) and cerebrospinal fluid soluble IL-1 Receptor II protein in the context of their relationship with measures of aggression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cerebrospinal fluid soluble interleukin-1 Receptor II (r=.35, r(2) = .12, P= .03), but not log interleukin-6 (r = -.05, r(2) = .00, P= .76), levels were positively correlated with a composite measure of aggression. Adding relevant covariates, including cerebrospinal fluid levels of serotonin and dopamine metabolites, to the statistical model doubled the strength of this relationship (partial r = .54, r(2) = .29, P= .002). No relationship was seen with history of suicidal behavior or with any measure of impulsivity, negative affectivity, or of general dimensions of personality.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data suggest a positive relationship between at least one inflammatory cytokine in the central nervous system and aggression in human subjects. This finding adds to the complex picture of the central neurochemistry of impulsive aggression in human subjects.
authors: Clinical Neuroscience Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL (Drs Coccaro and Lee); Department of Psychology, University of Colorado, Colorado Springs, CO (Dr Coussons-Read). ecoccaro@bsd.uchicago.edu.
authors: Emil F
authors: EF
authors: Coccaro
authors: Clinical Neuroscience Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL (Drs Coccaro and Lee); Department of Psychology, University of Colorado, Colorado Springs, CO (Dr Coussons-Read).
authors: Royce
authors: R
authors: Lee
authors: Clinical Neuroscience Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL (Drs Coccaro and Lee); Department of Psychology, University of Colorado, Colorado Springs, CO (Dr Coussons-Read).
authors: Mary
authors: M
authors: Coussons-Read
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000374:Aggression / Q000523:psychology*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D039721:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; D004298:Dopamine / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007175:Impulsive Behavior; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010554:Personality Disorders / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid* / Q000523:psychology*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales / Q000592:standards; D053574:Receptors, Interleukin-1 Type II / Q000032:analysis*; D012701:Serotonin / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D013129:Spinal Puncture / Q000379:methods; D059020:Suicidal Ideation; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; C508592:IL1R2 protein, human; C508600:IL6 protein, human; D015850:Interleukin-6; D053574:Receptors, Interleukin-1 Type II; D012701:Serotonin; D004298:Dopamine
keywords: CSF; IL-6; aggression; impulsivity; personality; sIL-1RII
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