title: Balance dysfunction in Parkinson's disease.
abstract: Stability and mobility in functional motor activities depend on a precise regulation of phasic and tonic muscular activity that is carried out automatically, without conscious awareness. The sensorimotor control of posture involves a complex integration of multisensory inputs that results in a final motor adjustment process. All or some of the components of this system may be dysfunctional in Parkinsonian patients, rendering postural instability one of the most disabling features of Parkinson's disease (PD). Balance control is critical for moving safely in and adapting to the environment. PD induces a multilevel impairment of this function, therefore worsening the patients' physical and psychosocial disability. In this review, we describe the complex ways in which PD impairs posture and balance, collecting and reviewing the available experimental evidence.
authors: Neurology and Neurophysiopathology, Sandro Pertini Hospital, Via Monti Tiburtini 385, 00157 Rome, Italy.
authors: Steno
authors: S
authors: Rinalduzzi
authors: Institute of Neurology, Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DiNOGMI), Largo Daneo 3, University of Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy.
authors: Carlo
authors: 0000-0003-3419-0669
authors: C
authors: Trompetto
authors: Institute of Neurology, Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DiNOGMI), Largo Daneo 3, University of Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy.
authors: Lucio
authors: 0000-0003-0620-7654
authors: L
authors: Marinelli
authors: Academic Neurology Unit, A. Fiorini Hospital and Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Polo Pontino, Via Firenze, 04019 Terracina, Italy.
authors: Alessia
authors: 0000-0002-4536-0910
authors: A
authors: Alibardi
authors: Neurosurgery Unit, Policlinico Umberto I, Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University of Rome, Via del Policlinico, 00161 Roma, Italy.
authors: Paolo
authors: P
authors: Missori
authors: Neurology Unit, Policlinico Umberto I, Department of Neurology and Otolaryngology, Sapienza University of Rome, Via dell'Università 30, 00185 Roma, Italy.
authors: Francesco
authors: F
authors: Fattapposta
authors: Academic Neurorehabilitation Unit, ICOT and Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Polo Pontino, Via F. Faggiana 34, 04100 Latina, Italy ; INM Neuromed IRCCS, Via Atinense 18, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy.
authors: Francesco
authors: 0000-0003-3175-7658
authors: F
authors: Pierelli
authors: Academic Neurology Unit, A. Fiorini Hospital and Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Polo Pontino, Via Firenze, 04019 Terracina, Italy.
authors: Antonio
authors: A
authors: Currà
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D009132:Muscles / Q000503:physiopathology; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004856:Postural Balance / Q000502:physiology*; D011187:Posture / Q000502:physiology; D012679:Sense Organs / Q000503:physiopathology
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