title: Self-Reported Interview-Assisted Diet Records Underreport Energy Intake in Maintenance Hemodialysis Patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Studies suggest that maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients report dietary energy intakes (EIs) that are lower than what is actually ingested. Data supporting this conclusion have several important limitations. The present study introduces a novel approach of assessing underreporting of EI in MHD patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Comparisons of EI of free-living MHD patients determined from food records to their measured energy needs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Metabolic research ward.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirteen clinically stable MHD patients with unchanging weights whose EI was assessed by dietitian interview-assisted 3-day food records.
  
  
  METHODS
  EI was compared with (1) patients' resting energy expenditure (REE), measured by indirect calorimetry, and estimated total energy expenditure (TEE) and (2) patients' dietary energy requirements (DER) measured while patients underwent nitrogen balance studies and consumed a constant energy diet in a research ward for a mean duration of 89.5 days. DER was calculated as the actual EI during the research study corrected for changes in body fat and lean body mass measured by Dual X-Ray Absorptiometry.
  
  
  METHODS
  Underreporting of EI was determined by an EI:REE ratio <1.27 and an EI:TEE ratio or EI:DEE ratio <1.0.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seven of the 13 MHD patients studied were male. Patient's ages were 47.7 ± standard deviation 9.7 years; body mass index averaged 25.4 ± 2.8 kg/m2, and dialysis vintage was 53.3 ± 37.1 months. The EI:REE ratio (1.03 ± 0.23) was significantly less than the cutoff value for underreporting of 1.27 (P = .001); 12 of 13 patients had EI:REE ratios <1.27. The mean EI:TEE ratio was significantly less than the cutoff value of 1.0 (0.73 ± 0.17, P < .0001), and 12 MHD patients had EI:TEE ratios <1.0. The EI:DER ratio was also <1.0 (0.83 ± 0.25, P = .012), and 10 MHD had EI:DER ratios <1.0.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Dietitian interview-assisted diet records by MHD patients substantially underestimate the patient's dietary EI.
authors: Harold Simmons Center for Kidney Disease Research and Epidemiology, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California; Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California.
authors: Bryan B
authors: BB
authors: Shapiro
authors: Harold Simmons Center for Kidney Disease Research and Epidemiology, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California; UCLA Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California.
authors: Rachelle
authors: R
authors: Bross
authors: UCLA Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California.
authors: Gillian
authors: G
authors: Morrison
authors: Harold Simmons Center for Kidney Disease Research and Epidemiology, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California; UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, California; Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of California at Irvine, Orange, California.
authors: Kamyar
authors: K
authors: Kalantar-Zadeh
authors: Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California; UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, California; David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California. Electronic address: jkopple@labiomed.org.
authors: Joel D
authors: JD
authors: Kopple
mesh_terms: D015930:Diet Records; D002149:Energy Intake; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D006435:Renal Dialysis; D057566:Self Report