title: Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside enhanced the function of syngeneic mouse islets transplanted under the kidney capsule or into the portal vein.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  It was previously shown that islets are susceptible to oxidative stress due to their inherent low antioxidant capacity. Therefore, in this study, we determined whether treatment of mouse islets with an antioxidant cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (C3G) could enhance their function after transplantation under the kidney capsule or into the portal vein.
  
  
  METHODS
  B6 mouse islets were treated with various concentrations of C3G, their viability, and the expression of antioxidant (HO-1) and antiapoptotic (Bcl-2 and Survivin) genes were determined. The C3G-treated (1.0 μM) or untreated B6 mouse islets (100, 200, and 400 IEQ) were transplanted under the kidney capsule or into the portal vein of diabetic B6 mice, and their blood glucose levels were monitored for more than 100 days after transplantation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The C3G-treated islets showed higher cell viability compared to untreated control and the expression of HO-1; Bcl-2 and Survivin genes were enhanced in a concentration-dependent manner. All mice that were transplanted with C3G-treated islets achieved normoglycemia faster than recipients of untreated islets. Mice that received 400, 200, or 100 treated islets transplanted under the kidney capsule achieved normoglycemia, whereas only mice that were transplanted with 400 and 200 treated islets into the portal vein achieved normoglycemia. The mean blood glucose levels of mice that received C3G-treated islets were lower compared to those observed in mouse recipients of untreated islets transplanted under the kidney capsule or into the portal vein.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results show that C3G could enhance the viability of mouse islets and improve their function after transplantation.
authors: 1 Department of Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China. 2 Department of Surgery, Surgical-Medical Research Institute, Alberta Diabetes Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. 3 Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology/The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
authors: Haolei
authors: H
authors: Cai
authors: Bin
authors: B
authors: Yang
authors: Zhihao
authors: Z
authors: Xu
authors: Bo
authors: B
authors: Zhang
authors: Baoyou
authors: B
authors: Xu
authors: Xian
authors: X
authors: Li
authors: Ping
authors: P
authors: Wu
authors: Kunsong
authors: K
authors: Chen
authors: Ray V
authors: RV
authors: Rajotte
authors: Yulian
authors: Y
authors: Wu
authors: Gina R
authors: GR
authors: Rayat
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000872:Anthocyanins / Q000737:chemistry*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry; D017209:Apoptosis; D001706:Biopsy; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D002470:Cell Survival; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000601:surgery; D005960:Glucosides / Q000737:chemistry*; D051547:Heme Oxygenase-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D051034:Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D007515:Islets of Langerhans / Q000166:cytology*; D016381:Islets of Langerhans Transplantation / Q000379:methods*; D064596:Isografts / Q000166:cytology*; D007668:Kidney / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D011169:Portal Vein / Q000473:pathology*; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000378:metabolism; D012097:Repressor Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D000077022:Survivin
chemical_list: D000872:Anthocyanins; D000975:Antioxidants; C117749:Birc5 protein, mouse; D001786:Blood Glucose; D005960:Glucosides; D051034:Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D000077022:Survivin; C462279:cyanidin-3-O-beta-glucopyranoside; C052617:Bcl2 protein, mouse; D051547:Heme Oxygenase-1; C496542:Hmox1 protein, mouse