title: A potent inhibition of oxidative stress induced gene expression in neural cells by sustained ferulic acid release from chitosan based hydrogel.
abstract: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is an extremely cataclysmic neurological disorder and the inhibition of oxidative stress following TBI could effectively protect the brain from further impairments. An injectable thermosensitive chitosan/gelatin/β-Glycerol phosphate (C/G/GP) hydrogel for the controlled release of the phenolic antioxidant ferulic acid (FA) to inhibit the neurological oxidative stress was demonstrated. The C/G/GP hydrogel ensures an excellent clinical expediency with a gelation temperature of 32.6°C and gelation time of 75.58s. In-vitro cytotoxicity assays of C/G/GP hydrogel and FA have revealed an excellent biocompatibility with the Neuro-2a cells. 500μM of FA was considered to be an effective concentration to reduce the oxidative stress in Neuro-2a cells. TUNEL staining images evidenced that the H2O2 induced DNA fragmentation was comprehensively controlled after FA treatment. The mRNA gene expression profiles markedly authenticate the neuroprotectivity of FA by down-regulating ROS, inflammatory and apoptosis related markers. The outcomes of this study suggest that, C/G/GP hydrogel carrying ferulic acid could effectively protect further secondary traumatic brain injury associated impairments.
authors: Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, Taiwan.
authors: Guo-Chung
authors: GC
authors: Dong
authors: Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, Taiwan; Ph.D. Program in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors: Che-Yung
authors: CY
authors: Kuan
authors: Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, Taiwan.
authors: Sadhasivam
authors: S
authors: Subramaniam
authors: Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, Taiwan; Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.
authors: Jiong-Yao
authors: JY
authors: Zhao
authors: Department of Biotechnology, Sree Sastha Institute of Engineering and Technology, Chennai, India.
authors: Savitha
authors: S
authors: Sivasubramaniam
authors: Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.
authors: Hwan-You
authors: HY
authors: Chang
authors: Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, Taiwan; Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan. Electronic address: double@ntu.edu.tw.
authors: Feng-Huei
authors: FH
authors: Lin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000494:pharmacology; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D048271:Chitosan / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003373:Coumaric Acids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D053938:DNA Fragmentation / Q000187:drug effects; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D005780:Gelatin / Q000494:pharmacology; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects*; D005994:Glycerophosphates / Q000494:pharmacology; D020136:Hydrogel, Polyethylene Glycol Dimethacrylate / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000494:pharmacology; D051379:Mice; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000187:drug effects; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D003373:Coumaric Acids; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D005994:Glycerophosphates; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D020136:Hydrogel, Polyethylene Glycol Dimethacrylate; D005780:Gelatin; D048271:Chitosan; C004999:ferulic acid; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; C031463:beta-glycerophosphoric acid
keywords: Ferulic acid; Hydrogel; Neuro-2a cells; Oxidative stress; Secondary brain injury; TBI