title: Predictive factors for flexible ureterorenoscopy requirement after rigid ureterorenoscopy in cases with renal pelvic stones sized 1 to 2 cm.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the outcomes of rigid ureterorenoscopy (URS) for renal pelvic stones (RPS) sized 1 to 2 cm and to determine the predictive factors for the requirement for flexible URS (F-URS) when rigid URS fails.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 88 patients were included into the study. In 48 patients, the RPS were totally fragmented with rigid URS and F-URS was not required (group 1). In 40 patients, rigid URS was not able to access the renal pelvis or fragmentation of the stones was not completed owing to stone position or displacement and F-URS was utilized for retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) (group 2). The predictive factors for F-URS requirement during RIRS for RPS were evaluated. Both groups were compared regarding age, height, sex, body mass index, stone size, stone opacity, hydronephrosis, and previous treatments.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean patient age was 48.6±16.5 years and the mean follow-period was 39±11.5 weeks. The overall stone-free rate in the study population was 85% (75 patients). In groups 1 and 2, the overall stone-free rates were 83% (40 patients) and 87% (35 patients), respectively (p>0.05). The independent predictors of requirement for F-URS during RIRS were male gender, patient height, and higher degree of hydronephrosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Rigid URS can be utilized in selected patients for the fragmentation of RPS sized 1 to 2 cm with outcomes similar to that of F-URS. In case of failure of rigid URS, F-URS can be performed successfully in this group of patients.
authors: Department of Urology, University of Ankara, Ankara, Turkey.
authors: Evren
authors: E
authors: Süer
authors: Department of Urology, University of Ankara, Ankara, Turkey.
authors: Ömer
authors: Ö
authors: Gülpinar
authors: Department of Urology, University of Ankara, Ankara, Turkey.
authors: Cihat
authors: C
authors: Özcan
authors: Department of Urology, University of Ankara, Ankara, Turkey.
authors: Çağatay
authors: Ç
authors: Göğüş
authors: Department of Urology, University of Ankara, Ankara, Turkey.
authors: Seymur
authors: S
authors: Kerimov
authors: Department of Urology, University of Ankara, Ankara, Turkey.
authors: Mut
authors: M
authors: Şafak
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007669:Kidney Calculi / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery* / Q000628:therapy; D007682:Kidney Pelvis / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D008096:Lithotripsy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D017211:Treatment Failure; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D020709:Ureteroscopes; D018666:Ureteroscopy / Q000379:methods*
keywords: Kidney pelvis; Ureteroscopy; Urolithiasis