title: Postprandial self-monitoring of urine glucose reflects glycaemic control in people with relatively well controlled Type 2 diabetes mellitus not treated with insulin: a retrospective cohort study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyse the association of self-monitoring of urine glucose with HbA1c concentration in people with Type 2 diabetes not treated with insulin.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied the association of postprandial self-monitored urine glucose with HbA1c concentrations in 264 people with Type 2 diabetes (mean age 62.4 years, time since diagnosis of diabetes 6.8 years and HbA1c 50 mmol/l). All patients took part in a diabetes treatment and teaching programme. HbA1c values were adjusted according to the Diabetes Control and Complication Trial.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean ( ± sd) HbA1c concentration for the patients with constant negative urine glucose tests (56.1% of patients) was 46 ( ± 6) mmol/mol [6.4 ( ± 0.6)%]. This was significantly lower than in patients with < 50% positive urine glucose tests (33.3% of patients): mean ( ± sd) HbA1c was 53 ( ± 8) mmol/mol [7.0( ± 0.7)%] and also lower than in patients with ≥50% positive tests (10.6% of patients): mean ( ± sd) HbA1c of 57 ( ± 8) mmol/mol [7.4 ( ± 0.7)%]; P < 0.001. There was a significant correlation between the urine glucose test results and HbA1c (r = 0.416; P < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HbA1c concentrations were observed to be in the near-normal range for people with Type 2 diabetes not receiving insulin treatment who were negative for postprandial glucosuria. Urine glucose self-monitoring is a cheap and effective method to determine the quality of glucose control.
authors: Jena University Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine III, Jena, Germany.
authors: N
authors: N
authors: Müller
authors: Jena University Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine III, Jena, Germany.
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Kämmer
authors: Jena University Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine III, Jena, Germany.
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Kloos
authors: Jena University Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine III, Jena, Germany.
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Wolf
authors: Jena University Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine III, Jena, Germany.
authors: U A
authors: UA
authors: Müller
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000419:Albuminuria / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000628:therapy / Q000652:urine*; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany / Q000453:epidemiology; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D006029:Glycosuria / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010353:Patient Education as Topic; D019518:Postprandial Period; D011934:Reagent Strips; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012648:Self Care; D012720:Severity of Illness Index
chemical_list: D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D011934:Reagent Strips; C517652:hemoglobin A1c protein, human