title: A novel visual sputum suctioning system is useful for endotracheal suctioning in a dog model.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study is to test the effectiveness of fiber-optic-guided endotracheal suction catheter (visual sputum suctioning system or VSSS) in dog models.
  
  
  METHODS
  Dog sputum models were established by administering dimethoate emulsifiable. Twenty-seven intubated dogs were equally randomized into three groups of conventional suctioning (CS) group, VSSS with no supplemental oxygen (VSSS) group and VSSS with 100% oxygen (VSSS/O2) group. The suctioning efficiency, vital signs and tracheal wall injury were assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The VSSS/O2 (8.6 ± 0.7g) and VSSS groups (8.5 ± 0.9 g) collected significantly more sputum than the CS group (5.9 ± 0.8 g) (P < 0.05 for VSSS/O2 group versus CS group; P < 0.05 for VSSS group versus CS group). Immediately after suctioning, the arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2 ) of VSSS/O2 group was significantly higher than that of the VSSS group or the CS group (both P < 0.05), and 5 min after suction the PaO2 , the mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) in all groups returned to the baseline (p = 0.54, P = 0.67, P = 0.11, respectively). Moreover, in the VSSS/O2 and VSSS groups all the three variables were higher than the CS group at 5 min after suctioning (P < 0.01, P = 0.03; P = 0.02, P < 0.01; P = 0.02, P = 0.01 respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Visual sputum suctioning system collected more sputum and caused less tracheal mucosa damage than conventional suctioning.
authors: Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University Chongqing 400016, P.R. China.
authors: Xun
authors: X
authors: Liu
authors: Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University Chongqing 400016, P.R. China.
authors: Huisheng
authors: H
authors: Deng
authors: Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University Chongqing 400016, P.R. China.
authors: Ziyang
authors: Z
authors: Huang
authors: Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University Chongqing 400016, P.R. China.
authors: Bingbing
authors: B
authors: Yan
authors: Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University Chongqing 400016, P.R. China.
authors: Jingjing
authors: J
authors: Lv
authors: Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University Chongqing 400016, P.R. China.
authors: Jinxing
authors: J
authors: Wu
keywords: Suctioning; dogs; endotracheal tube; intubation; sputum