title: Patient-reported outcome measures in hallux valgus surgery. A review of literature.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Up to a third of patients may be dissatisfied with the outcome of hallux valgus surgery. This stresses the importance of uniform and relevant outcome measures. The purpose of the current systematic review is to identify and rate available patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) in hallux valgus surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a systematic literature search for outcome measures directed at hallux valgus. We searched electronic databases for relevant content according to the PRISMA standard. Eligible articles were used to give an overview of available PROMs, with qualitative evaluation of their properties.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-eight eligible studies were included. Most adapted general health assessment tools, in studies on hallux valgus surgery, were the EQ5D and the SF-36 score. The visual analogue scale (VAS) was most cited as pain score. Three disease-specific outcome scores were identified: the Manchester-Oxford foot questionnaire (MOXFQ), the foot and ankle outcome score (FAOS) and the self-reported foot and ankle score (SEFAS). The MOXFQ showed the best psychometric properties.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The MOXFQ scores best on positively rated qualities based on our criteria. The SEFAS may be a good alternative, however it contains less items which are regarded as important by patients with foot/ankle complaints. A relative drawback of the MOXFQ consists of the copyright licence. The VAS is the best pain score and the SF36 the best general health assessment tool. Availability in native languages and future research should lead to uniformity in application of these tools.
authors: Medinova Clinics, Takkebijsters 5a, 4817 BL Breda, The Netherlands. Electronic address: jschrier@medinova.com.
authors: Joost C M
authors: JC
authors: Schrier
authors: Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Weg door Jonkerbos 100, 6532 SZ Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors: Leonieke N
authors: LN
authors: Palmen
authors: Isala Hospital, Dokter van Heesweg 2, 8025 AB Zwolle, The Netherlands.
authors: Cees C P M
authors: CC
authors: Verheyen
authors: Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Weg door Jonkerbos 100, 6532 SZ Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors: Justus
authors: J
authors: Jansen
authors: Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Weg door Jonkerbos 100, 6532 SZ Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors: Sander
authors: S
authors: Koëter
mesh_terms: D006215:Hallux Valgus / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D059352:Musculoskeletal Pain / Q000209:etiology; D063868:Patient Outcome Assessment; D011788:Quality of Life
keywords: EQ5D; FAOS; Hallux valgus; Literature review; MOXFQ; NRS; Outcome; PRISMA; PROM; SEFAS; SF-36; VAS