title: Heat treatment of pre-hydrolyzed silane increases adhesion of phosphate monomer-based resin cement to glass ceramic.
abstract: This study evaluated the influence of different forms of heat treatment on a pre-hydrolyzed silane to improve the adhesion of phosphate monomer-based (MDP) resin cement to glass ceramic. Resin and feldspathic ceramic blocks (n=48, n=6 for bond test, n=2 for microscopy) were randomly divided into 6 groups and subject to surface treatments: G1: Hydrofluoric acid (HF) 9.6% for 20 s + Silane + MDP resin cement (Panavia F); G2: HF 9.6% for 20 s + Silane + Heat Treatment (oven) + Panavia F; G3: Silane + Heat Treatment (oven) + Panavia F; G4: HF 9.6% for 20 s + Silane + Heat Treatment (hot air) + Panavia F; G5: Silane + Heat Treatment (hot air) + Panavia F; G6: Silane + Panavia F. Microtensile bond strength (MTBS) test was performed using a universal testing machine (1 mm/min). After debonding, the substrate and adherent surfaces were analyzed using stereomicroscope and scanning electron microscope (SEM) to categorize the failure types. Data were analyzed statistically using two-way test ANOVA and Tukey's test (=0.05). Heat treatment of the silane containing MDP, with prior etching with HF (G2: 13.15 ± 0.89a; G4: 12.58 ± 1.03a) presented significantly higher bond strength values than the control group (G1: 9.16 ± 0.64b). The groups without prior etching (G3: 10.47 ± 0.70b; G5: 9.47 ± 0.32b) showed statistically similar bond strength values between them and the control group (G1). The silane application without prior etching and heat treatment resulted in the lowest mean bond strength (G6: 8.05 ± 0.37c). SEM analysis showed predominantly adhesive failures and EDS analysis showed common elements of spectra (Si, Na, Al, K, O, C) characterizing the microstructure of the glass-ceramic studied. Heat treatment of the pre-hydrolyzed silane containing MDP in an oven at 100 °C for 2 min or with hot air application at 50 ± 5 ºC for 1 min, was effective in increasing the bond strength values between the ceramic and resin cement containing MDP.
authors: Department of Dentistry, Dental School, UFJF - Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Governador Valadares, MG, Brazil.
authors: Rodrigo Furtado
authors: RF
authors: de Carvalho
authors: Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, São José dos Campos Dental School, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil.
authors: Caroline
authors: C
authors: Cotes
authors: Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, São José dos Campos Dental School, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil.
authors: Estevão Tomomitsu
authors: ET
authors: Kimpara
authors: Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dental School, UFJF - Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil.
authors: Fabíola Pessoa Pereira
authors: FP
authors: Leite
authors: Mutlu
authors: M
authors: Özcan
mesh_terms: D000134:Acid Etching, Dental; D002516:Ceramics / Q000737:chemistry*; D001840:Dental Bonding / Q000379:methods*; D006358:Hot Temperature; D006858:Hydrofluoric Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D008422:Materials Testing; D019279:Resin Cements / Q000737:chemistry*; D012821:Silanes / Q000737:chemistry*; D013499:Surface Properties; D013718:Tensile Strength
chemical_list: C438843:Panavia-Fluoro; D019279:Resin Cements; D012821:Silanes; C023506:Glass ceramics; D006858:Hydrofluoric Acid