title: Hexabromocyclododecane Flame Retardant Isomers in Sediments from Detroit River and Lake Erie of the Laurentian Great Lakes of North America.
abstract: Sediments collected in 2004 from along the Detroit River (n = 19) and across all of Lake Erie (n = 18) were analyzed for isomers of the flame retardant chemical, hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD), using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Sediment samples had ΣHBCD concentrations ranging from not detected to 1.6 ng/g d.w. γ-HBCD (56 %-100 % of ΣHBCDs) was the predominate isomer, observed in 7 of 19 samples from the Detroit River and 6 of 18 samples from Lake Erie (all within the western basin). α-HBCD was found in 4 Detroit River and 2 Lake Erie western basin sites, while β-HBCD was only in two Detroit River samples. High ΣHBCD concentrations (>100 ng/g d.w.) were found in two sludge samples from two Windsor, ON, wastewater treatment plants that feed into the Detroit River upstream. HBCD contamination into the Detroit River is a major input vector into Lake Erie and with an apparent sediment dilution effect moving towards the eastern basin.
authors: Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, Environment Canada, National Wildlife Research Centre, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0H3, Canada, robert.letcher@ec.gc.ca.
authors: Robert J
authors: RJ
authors: Letcher
authors: Zhe
authors: Z
authors: Lu
authors: Shaogang
authors: S
authors: Chu
authors: G Douglas
authors: GD
authors: Haffner
authors: Ken
authors: K
authors: Drouillard
authors: Christopher H
authors: CH
authors: Marvin
authors: Jan J H
authors: JJ
authors: Ciborowski
mesh_terms: D002853:Chromatography, Liquid; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D005411:Flame Retardants / Q000032:analysis*; D019015:Geologic Sediments / Q000737:chemistry*; D006114:Great Lakes Region; D006842:Hydrocarbons, Brominated / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D007536:Isomerism; D060106:Lakes / Q000737:chemistry*; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D045483:Rivers / Q000737:chemistry*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D005411:Flame Retardants; D006842:Hydrocarbons, Brominated; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C089796:hexabromocyclododecane