title: A simple method for measuring porcine circovirus 2 whole virion particles and standardizing vaccine formulation.
abstract: Porcine Circovirus 2 (PCV2) is involved in porcine circovirus-associated disease, that causes great economic losses to the livestock industry worldwide. Vaccination against PCV2 proved to be very effective in reducing disease occurrence and it is currently performed on a large scale. Starting from a previous model concerning Foot-and Mouth Disease Virus antigens, we developed a rapid and simple method to quantify PCV2 whole virion particles in inactivated vaccines. This procedure, based on sucrose gradient analysis and fluorometric evaluation of viral genomic content, allows for a better standardization of the antigen payload in vaccine batches. It also provides a valid indication of virion integrity. Most important, such a method can be applied to whole virion vaccines regardless of the production procedures, thus enabling meaningful comparisons on a common basis. In a future batch consistency approach to PCV2 vaccine manufacture, our procedure represents a valuable tool to improve in-process controls and to guarantee conformity of the final product with passmarks for approval. This might have important repercussions in terms of reduced usage of animals for vaccine batch release, in the framework of the current 3Rs policy.
authors: Laboratory of Cellular Immunology, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia-Romagna, Via A.Bianchi 9, 25124 Brescia, Italy. Electronic address: cinzia.zanotti@izsler.it.
authors: Cinzia
authors: C
authors: Zanotti
authors: Laboratory of Cellular Immunology, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia-Romagna, Via A.Bianchi 9, 25124 Brescia, Italy. Electronic address: massimo.amadori@izsler.it.
authors: Massimo
authors: M
authors: Amadori
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017925:Circovirus / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000276:immunology; D013552:Swine; D014765:Viral Vaccines / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000276:immunology; D014771:Virion / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D014765:Viral Vaccines
keywords: Batch consistency; Inactivated vaccine; Porcine circovirus 2; Sucrose gradient analysis