title: The magical activation of left amygdala when reading Harry Potter: an fMRI study on how descriptions of supra-natural events entertain and enchant.
abstract: Literature containing supra-natural, or magical events has enchanted generations of readers. When reading narratives describing such events, readers mentally simulate a text world different from the real one. The corresponding violation of world-knowledge during this simulation likely increases cognitive processing demands for ongoing discourse integration, catches readers' attention, and might thus contribute to the pleasure and deep emotional experience associated with ludic immersive reading. In the present study, we presented participants in an MR scanner with passages selected from the Harry Potter book series, half of which described magical events, while the other half served as control condition. Passages in both conditions were closely matched for relevant psycholinguistic variables including, e.g., emotional valence and arousal, passage-wise mean word imageability and frequency, and syntactic complexity. Post-hoc ratings showed that readers considered supra-natural contents more surprising and more strongly associated with reading pleasure than control passages. In the fMRI data, we found stronger neural activation for the supra-natural than the control condition in bilateral inferior frontal gyri, bilateral inferior parietal lobules, left fusiform gyrus, and left amygdala. The increased activation in the amygdala (part of the salience and emotion processing network) appears to be associated with feelings of surprise and the reading pleasure, which supra-natural events, full of novelty and unexpectedness, brought about. The involvement of bilateral inferior frontal gyri likely reflects higher cognitive processing demand due to world knowledge violations, whereas increased attention to supra-natural events is reflected in inferior frontal gyri and inferior parietal lobules that are part of the fronto-parietal attention network.
authors: Department of Education and Psychology, Freie Universität Berlin, D-14195, Berlin, Germany; Languages of Emotion, Freie Universität Berlin, D-14195, Berlin, Germany.
authors: Chun-Ting
authors: CT
authors: Hsu
authors: Department of Education and Psychology, Freie Universität Berlin, D-14195, Berlin, Germany; Languages of Emotion, Freie Universität Berlin, D-14195, Berlin, Germany; Dahlem Institute for Neuroimaging of Emotion (D.I.N.E.), Freie Universität Berlin, D-14195, Berlin, Germany.
authors: Arthur M
authors: AM
authors: Jacobs
authors: Department of Education and Psychology, Freie Universität Berlin, D-14195, Berlin, Germany; Languages of Emotion, Freie Universität Berlin, D-14195, Berlin, Germany.
authors: Ulrike
authors: U
authors: Altmann
authors: Languages of Emotion, Freie Universität Berlin, D-14195, Berlin, Germany; Department of Cognitive, Social and Organizational Psychology, Universidad de La Laguna, 38205, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain.
authors: Markus
authors: M
authors: Conrad
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000679:Amygdala / Q000502:physiology*; D001143:Arousal / Q000502:physiology; D001931:Brain Mapping; D004644:Emotions / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007092:Imagination / Q000502:physiology*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D011932:Reading; D055815:Young Adult