title: The role of KISS1/KISS1R system in tumor growth and invasion of differentiated thyroid cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  KISS1 protein and KISS1 receptor form a system that mainly promotes suppression of metastasis in various forms of cancer. We studied the relationship between KISS1/KISS1R expression and tumor progression in differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC).
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-three patients diagnosed with DTC were included in the study. Immunohistochemical cytoplasmic expression was evaluated for KISS1 and cytoplasmic/membranous expression for KISS1R in thyroid cancer tissues.
  
  
  RESULTS
  KISS1 expression was significantly higher in tumors with extrathyroidal invasion and advanced stage. KISS1R expression showed a statistically significant, moderate negative correlation with tumor size.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Increased expression of KISS1 is possibly acquired to prevent further tumor invasiveness and formation of local or distant metastasis. It appears that malignant cells in DTC express increased levels of KISS1 as the tumor invades extrathyroidal tissues. Decreased expression of KISS1R seems to attenuate signaling of the KISS1/KISS1R system, possibly leading to tumor growth.
authors: Department of Experimental Physiology, Medical School, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece csavvidis@med.uoa.gr csendo@yahoo.gr.
authors: Christos
authors: C
authors: Savvidis
authors: Department of Experimental Physiology, Medical School, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
authors: Eleni
authors: E
authors: Papaoiconomou
authors: Metropolitan Hospital, Athens, Greece.
authors: Constantina
authors: C
authors: Petraki
authors: Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Jacobi Medical Center, Bronx, NY, U.S.A.
authors: Pavlos
authors: P
authors: Msaouel
authors: Department of Experimental Physiology, Medical School, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
authors: Michael
authors: M
authors: Koutsilieris
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002455:Cell Division / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D059648:Kisspeptins / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled / Q000502:physiology*; D000074502:Receptors, Kisspeptin-1; D013964:Thyroid Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: C106628:KISS1 protein, human; C118688:KISS1R protein, human; D059648:Kisspeptins; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled; D000074502:Receptors, Kisspeptin-1
keywords: KISS1; KISS1R; Kisspeptin; differentiated thyroid cancer; invasion; local metastasis; tumor growth