title: Fermented Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae alleviates high fat diet-induced obesity in association with regulation of intestinal permeability and microbiota in rats.
abstract: Accumulating evidence suggests the anti-inflammatory and anti-obesity activities of Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae (RAM). Here, we evaluated the anti-obesity impact of unfermented (URAM) versus fermented RAM (FRAM) using both in vitro and in vivo models. Both URAM and FRAM exhibited marked anti-inflammatory, anti-adipogenic, and anti-obesity activities, and modulation of the gut microbial distribution. However, FRAM, compared to URAM, resulted in more efficient suppression of NO production and normalization of transepithelial electrical resistance in LPS-treated RAW 264.7 and HCT 116 cells, respectively. Compared to URAM, FRAM more effectively reduced the adipose tissue weight; ameliorated the serum triglyceride and aspartate transaminase levels; restored the serum HDL level and intestinal epithelial barrier function in the LPS control group. The relative abundance of Bifidobacterium and Akkermansia as well as Bacteriodetes/Firmicutes ratio in the gut of the LPS control group was significantly enhanced by both URAM and FRAM. However, FRAM, but not URAM, resulted in a significant increase in the distribution of Bacteriodetes and Lactobacillus in the gut of the HFD + LPS group. Our results suggest that FRAM with probiotics can exert a greater anti-obesity effect than URAM, which is probably mediated at least in part via regulation of the intestinal microbiota and gut permeability.
authors: 1] Department of Oriental Rehabilitation Medicine, Dongguk University, 814 Siksa-dong, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea [2] Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Meishan Road 103, Hefei, Anhui Province, People's Republic of China.
authors: Jing-Hua
authors: JH
authors: Wang
authors: College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, 814 Siksa-dong, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.
authors: Shambhunath
authors: S
authors: Bose
authors: Department of Oriental Rehabilitation Medicine, Dongguk University, 814 Siksa-dong, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.
authors: Hyung-Gu
authors: HG
authors: Kim
authors: Department of Oriental Rehabilitation Medicine, Dongguk University, 814 Siksa-dong, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.
authors: Kyung-Sun
authors: KS
authors: Han
authors: Department of Oriental Rehabilitation Medicine, Dongguk University, 814 Siksa-dong, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.
authors: Hojun
authors: H
authors: Kim
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019440:Anti-Obesity Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019659:Asteraceae / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D001644:Bifidobacterium / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000502:physiology; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D002460:Cell Line; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D059305:Diet, High-Fat; D041981:Gastrointestinal Tract / Q000382:microbiology; D045325:HCT116 Cells; D006801:Humans; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism*; D007422:Intestines / Q000187:drug effects / Q000382:microbiology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D064307:Microbiota; D009765:Obesity / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000662:veterinary; D010539:Permeability / Q000187:drug effects; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D027343:Rhizome / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D019440:Anti-Obesity Agents; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL