title: Guidelines for sedation in gastroenterological endoscopy.
abstract: Recently, the need for sedation in gastrointestinal endoscopy has been increasing. However, the National Health Insurance Drug Price list in Japan does not include any drug specifically used for the sedation. Although benzodiazepines are the main medication, their use in cases of gastrointestinal endoscopy has not been approved. This has led the Japan Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Society to develop the first set of guidelines for sedation in gastrointestinal endoscopy on the basis of evidence-based medicine in collaboration with the Japanese Society for Anesthesiologists. The present guidelines comprise 14 statements, five of which were judged to be valid on the highest evidence level and three on the second highest level. The guidelines are not intended to strongly recommend the use of sedation for gastrointestinal endoscopy, but rather to indicate the policy as to the choice of appropriate procedures when such sedation is deemed necessary. In clinical practice, the final decision as to the use of sedation should be made by physicians considering patient willingness and physical condition.
authors: The Japan Gastroenterological Endoscopy Society, Tokyo, Japan.
authors: Katsutoshi
authors: K
authors: Obara
authors: The Japan Gastroenterological Endoscopy Society, Tokyo, Japan.
authors: Ken
authors: K
authors: Haruma
authors: The Japan Gastroenterological Endoscopy Society, Tokyo, Japan.
authors: Atsushi
authors: A
authors: Irisawa
authors: The Japan Gastroenterological Endoscopy Society, Tokyo, Japan.
authors: Mitsuru
authors: M
authors: Kaise
authors: The Japan Gastroenterological Endoscopy Society, Tokyo, Japan.
authors: Takuji
authors: T
authors: Gotoda
authors: The Japan Gastroenterological Endoscopy Society, Tokyo, Japan.
authors: Masanori
authors: M
authors: Sugiyama
authors: The Japan Gastroenterological Endoscopy Society, Tokyo, Japan.
authors: Satoshi
authors: S
authors: Tanabe
authors: The Japan Gastroenterological Endoscopy Society, Tokyo, Japan.
authors: Akira
authors: A
authors: Horiuchi
authors: The Japan Gastroenterological Endoscopy Society, Tokyo, Japan.
authors: Naotaka
authors: N
authors: Fujita
authors: The Japanese Society of Anesthesiologists, Tokyo, Japan.
authors: Makoto
authors: M
authors: Ozaki
authors: The Japan Gastroenterological Endoscopy Society, Tokyo, Japan.
authors: Masahiro
authors: M
authors: Yoshida
authors: The Japan Gastroenterological Endoscopy Society, Tokyo, Japan.
authors: Toshiyuki
authors: T
authors: Matsui
authors: The Japan Gastroenterological Endoscopy Society, Tokyo, Japan.
authors: Masao
authors: M
authors: Ichinose
authors: The Japan Gastroenterological Endoscopy Society, Tokyo, Japan.
authors: Michio
authors: M
authors: Kaminishi
mesh_terms: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D000768:Anesthesia, General / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards*; D000777:Anesthetics / Q000494:pharmacology; D016292:Procedural Sedation / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards*; D054810:Deep Sedation / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards*; D016099:Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal / Q000592:standards*; D006801:Humans; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007564:Japan; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D000777:Anesthetics; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives
keywords: anesthetic; antagonist; gastroenterological endoscopy; sedation; sedative