title: Survey of commercial Rhodiola products revealed species diversity and potential safety issues.
abstract: The adulteration of herbal products is a threat to consumer safety. Here we surveyed the species composition of commercial Rhodiola products using DNA barcoding as a supervisory method. A Rhodiola dietary supplement DNA barcode database was successfully constructed using 82 voucher samples from 10 Rhodiola species. Based on the DNA barcoding standard operating procedure (SOP), we used this database to identify 100 Rhodiolae Crenulatae Radix et Rhizoma decoction piece samples that were purchased from drug stores and hospitals. The results showed that only 36 decoction piece sequences (40%) were authentic R. crenulata, which is recorded in Chinese Pharmacopeia, whereas the other samples were all adulterants and may indicate a potential safety issue. Among the adulterants, 35 sequences (38.9%) were authenticated as R. serrata, nine sequences (10%) were authenticated as R. rosea, which is documented in the United States Pharmacopeia, and the remaining samples were authenticated as other three Rhodiola species. This result indicates decoction pieces that are available in the market have complex origins and DNA barcoding is a convenient tool for market supervision.
authors: Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences &Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, P.R. China.
authors: Tianyi
authors: T
authors: Xin
authors: Xinjiang Institute of Chinese Materia Medica and Ethnical Materia, Urumqi 830002, P.R. China.
authors: Xiaojin
authors: X
authors: Li
authors: Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences &Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, P.R. China.
authors: Hui
authors: H
authors: Yao
authors: Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences &Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, P.R. China.
authors: Yulin
authors: Y
authors: Lin
authors: Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences &Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, P.R. China.
authors: Xiaochong
authors: X
authors: Ma
authors: Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, P.R. China.
authors: Ruiyang
authors: R
authors: Cheng
authors: 1] Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences &Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, P.R. China [2] Chongqing Institute of Medicinal Plant Cultivation, Chongqing 408435, P.R. China.
authors: Jingyuan
authors: J
authors: Song
authors: Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China.
authors: Lianghong
authors: L
authors: Ni
authors: Xinjiang Institute of Chinese Materia Medica and Ethnical Materia, Urumqi 830002, P.R. China.
authors: Congzhao
authors: C
authors: Fan
authors: 1] Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences &Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, P.R. China [2] Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, P.R. China.
authors: Shilin
authors: S
authors: Chen
mesh_terms: D058893:DNA Barcoding, Taxonomic; D018744:DNA, Plant / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics*; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000032:analysis*; D029771:Rhodiola / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D018744:DNA, Plant; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal