title: Exopolysaccharide of Antarctic bacterium Pseudoaltermonas sp. S-5 induces apoptosis in K562 cells.
abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the anticancer activity of exopolysaccharide (PEP) of Antarctic bacterium Pseudoaltermonas sp. S-5 and elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms. PEP significantly inhibited the growth of human leukemia K562 cells. Results of morphological characterization showed that PEP-treated cells displayed typical morphological characteristics of apoptosis such as condensation of chromatin and formation of apoptotic bodies. Flow cytometry analyses and colorimetric assay demonstrated that PEP induced collapse of mitochondrial membrane potential and activation of caspase-9, which indicated that intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway was involved in apoptosis induced by PEP in K562 cells. Western blot analysis showed that PEP increased the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2. In addition, calcium signal might contribute to the cytotoxicity of PEP against K562 cells. These findings suggest that PEP may be potentially effective drug against human leukemia.
authors: School of Life Science and National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China.
authors: Guochuang
authors: G
authors: Chen
authors: Anhui Provincial Engineering Research Center for Polysaccharide Drugs, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of active biological macro-molecules, Department of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241000, China; Department of Pharmacy, Huaibei People's Hospital, Huaibei 235000, China.
authors: Wen
authors: W
authors: Qian
authors: Anhui Provincial Engineering Research Center for Polysaccharide Drugs, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of active biological macro-molecules, Department of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241000, China.
authors: Jing
authors: J
authors: Li
authors: Anhui Provincial Engineering Research Center for Polysaccharide Drugs, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of active biological macro-molecules, Department of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241000, China.
authors: Yanghui
authors: Y
authors: Xu
authors: Anhui Provincial Engineering Research Center for Polysaccharide Drugs, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of active biological macro-molecules, Department of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241000, China; School of Life Science and National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China; State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China. Electronic address: ksc313@126.com.
authors: Kaoshan
authors: K
authors: Chen
mesh_terms: D000864:Antarctic Regions; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D053453:Caspase 9 / Q000378:metabolism; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D003600:Cytosol / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D020563:Gammaproteobacteria / Q000737:chemistry*; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D020014:K562 Cells; D053078:Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial / Q000187:drug effects; D011135:Polysaccharides, Bacterial / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D011135:Polysaccharides, Bacterial; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D053148:Caspase 3; D053453:Caspase 9; D002118:Calcium
keywords: Antarctic bacterium; Apoptosis; BAPTA-AM (PubChem CID: 2293); Exopolysaccharide; Flou-3 AM (PubChem CID: 16213075); Hoechst 33258 (PubChem CID: 5360743); Human leukemia; Intrinsic pathway; JC-1 (PubChem CID: 5492929); K562 cells; Sulforhodamine B (PubChem CID: 9916275)