title: Significance of Ochratoxin A in Breakfast Cereals from the United States.
abstract: Ochratoxin A (OTA) has been found in all major cereal grains including oat, wheat, and barley worldwide and considered as a potential concern in food safety. A total of 489 samples of corn-, rice-, wheat-, and oat-based breakfast cereal were collected from U.S. retail marketplaces over a two-year period, and OTA was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. Overall, 205 samples (42%) were contaminated with OTA in the range from 0.10 to 9.30 ng/g. The levels OTA were mostly below of the European Commission Regulation (3 ng/g) except in 16 samples of oat-based cereals. The incidence of OTA was highest in oat-based breakfast cereals (70%, 142/203), followed by wheat-based (32%, 38/117), corn-based (15%, 15/103), and rice-based breakfast cereals (15%, 10/66). On the basis of the incidence and concentration of OTA, oats and oat-based products may need greater attention in further surveillance programs and development of intervention strategies to reduce health risks in consumers.
authors: School of Food Science, University of Idaho , 875 Perimeter Drive MS 2312, Moscow, Idaho 83844-2312, United States.
authors: Hyun Jung
authors: HJ
authors: Lee
authors: School of Food Science, University of Idaho , 875 Perimeter Drive MS 2312, Moscow, Idaho 83844-2312, United States.
authors: Dojin
authors: D
authors: Ryu
mesh_terms: D062408:Breakfast; D003257:Consumer Product Safety; D002523:Edible Grain / Q000737:chemistry*; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D009183:Mycotoxins / Q000737:chemistry*; D009793:Ochratoxins / Q000737:chemistry*; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D009183:Mycotoxins; D009793:Ochratoxins; C025589:ochratoxin A
keywords: United States; breakfast cereal; food safety; ochratoxin A (OTA)