title: Prevention of skin flap necrosis by use of adipose-derived stromal cells with light-emitting diode phototherapy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of low-level light therapy (LLLT) on transplanted human adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (ASCs) in the skin flap of mice.
  
  
  METHODS
  LLLT, ASC transplantation and ASC transplantation with LLLT (ASC + LLLT) were applied to the skin flap. Immunostaining and Western blot analysis were performed to evaluate cell survival and differentiation and secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor and basic fibroblast growth factor by the ASCs. Vascular regeneration was assessed by means of immunostaining in addition to hematoxylin and eosin staining. In the ASC + LLLT group, the survival of ASCs was increased as the result of the decreased apoptosis of ASCs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The secretion of growth factors was higher in this group as compared with ASCs alone. ASCs contributed to tissue regeneration through vascular cell differentiation and secretion of angiogenic growth factors. The ASC + LLLT group displayed improved treatment efficacy including neovascularization and tissue regeneration compared with ASCs alone. Transplanting ASCs to ischemic skin flaps improved therapeutic efficacy for ischemia treatment as the result of enhanced cell survival and paracrine effects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data suggest that LLLT is an effective biostimulator of ASCs in vascular regeneration, which enhances the survival of ASCs and stimulates the secretion of growth factors in skin flaps.
authors: Beckman Laser Institute Korea, Dankook University, Cheonan, Chungnam, Korea.
authors: In-Su
authors: IS
authors: Park
authors: Beckman Laser Institute Korea, Dankook University, Cheonan, Chungnam, Korea.
authors: Arindam
authors: A
authors: Mondal
authors: Beckman Laser Institute Korea, Dankook University, Cheonan, Chungnam, Korea; Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, Chungnam, Korea.
authors: Phil-Sang
authors: PS
authors: Chung
authors: Beckman Laser Institute Korea, Dankook University, Cheonan, Chungnam, Korea; Department of Biomedical Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, Chungnam, Korea; Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Dankook University, Cheonan, Chungnam, Korea. Electronic address: jcahn@dankook.ac.kr.
authors: Jin Chul
authors: JC
authors: Ahn
mesh_terms: D017667:Adipocytes / Q000166:cytology; D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000166:cytology; D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D064987:Cell- and Tissue-Based Therapy; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007511:Ischemia / Q000378:metabolism / Q000628:therapy; D028022:Low-Level Light Therapy; D008297:Male; D045164:Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000528:radiation effects*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D009336:Necrosis / Q000517:prevention & control; D018919:Neovascularization, Physiologic; D012867:Skin / Q000098:blood supply / Q000473:pathology*; D013524:Surgical Flaps / Q000473:pathology*; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000378:metabolism; D014945:Wound Healing
chemical_list: D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2
keywords: ASC; VEGF; angiogenesis; low-level light therapy; skin flap survival