title: Integration of phase separation with ultrasound-assisted salt-induced liquid-liquid microextraction for analyzing the fluoroquinones in human body fluids by liquid chromatography.
abstract: Herein, we developed a novel integrated device to perform phase separation based on ultrasound-assisted salt-induced liquid-liquid microextraction for determination of five fluoroquinones (FQs) in human body fluids. The integrated device consisted of three simple HDPE components used to separate the extraction solvent from the aqueous phase prior to retrieving the extractant. A series of extraction parameters were optimized using the response surface method based on central composite design. Optimal conditions consisted of 945μL acetone extraction solvent, pH 2.1, 4.1min stir time, 5.9g Na2SO4, and 4.0min centrifugation. Under optimized conditions, the limits of detection (at S/N=3) were 0.12-0.66μgL(-1), the linear range was 0.5-500μgL(-1) and recoveries were 92.6-110.9% for the five FQs extracted from plasma and urine. The proposed method has several advantages, such as easy construction from inexpensive materials, high extraction efficiency, short extraction time, and compatibility with HPLC analysis. Thus, this method shows excellent prospects for sample pretreatment and analysis of FQs in human body fluids.
authors: College of Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
authors: Huili
authors: H
authors: Wang
authors: College of Environmental Sciences and Public Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China. Electronic address: gaom625@126.com.
authors: Ming
authors: M
authors: Gao
authors: College of Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
authors: Mei
authors: M
authors: Wang
authors: College of Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
authors: Rongbo
authors: R
authors: Zhang
authors: College of Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
authors: Wenwei
authors: W
authors: Wang
authors: Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
authors: Randy A
authors: RA
authors: Dahlgren
authors: College of Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China. Electronic address: zjuwxd@163.com.
authors: Xuedong
authors: X
authors: Wang
mesh_terms: D002853:Chromatography, Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D024841:Fluoroquinolones / Q000097:blood / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000652:urine; D006801:Humans; D057230:Limit of Detection; D059627:Liquid Phase Microextraction / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013010:Sonication; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D024841:Fluoroquinolones
keywords: Central composite design; Fluoroquinolones; Integrated microextraction device; Phase separation; Plasma and urine testing; Ultrasound-assisted salt-induced liquid–liquid microextraction