title: Impact of diabetes on epidemiology, treatment, and outcomes of patients with heart failure.
abstract: The prevalence of patients with concomitant heart failure (HF) and diabetes mellitus (DM) continues to increase with the general aging of the population. In patients with chronic HF, prevalence of DM is 24% compared with 40% in those hospitalized with worsening HF. Patients with concomitant HF and DM have diverse pathophysiologic, metabolic, and neurohormonal abnormalities that potentially contribute to worse outcomes than those without comorbid DM. In addition, although stable HF outpatients with DM show responses that are similar to those of patients without DM undergoing evidence-based therapies, it is unclear whether hospitalized HF patients with DM will respond similarly to novel investigational therapies. These data support the need to re-evaluate the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and therapy of HF patients with concomitant DM. This paper discusses the role of DM in HF patients and underscores the potential need for the development of targeted therapies.
authors: Unit of Diabetes and Prevention of Associated Diseases, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.
authors: Alessandra
authors: A
authors: Dei Cas
authors: Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois.
authors: Sadiya S
authors: SS
authors: Khan
authors: Cardiology Division, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York.
authors: Javed
authors: J
authors: Butler
authors: Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina.
authors: Robert J
authors: RJ
authors: Mentz
authors: Center for Cardiovascular Innovation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois.
authors: Robert O
authors: RO
authors: Bonow
authors: Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
authors: Angelo
authors: A
authors: Avogaro
authors: Heart and Diabetes Center North Rhine Westfalia, University Clinic of the Ruhr University, Bochum, Germany.
authors: Diethelm
authors: D
authors: Tschoepe
authors: Center for Stroke Research, Charite Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany.
authors: Wolfram
authors: W
authors: Doehner
authors: Center for Cardiovascular Innovation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois.
authors: Stephen J
authors: SJ
authors: Greene
authors: Cardiovascular Department, Azienda Ospedaliera Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy.
authors: Michele
authors: M
authors: Senni
authors: Center for Cardiovascular Innovation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois.
authors: Mihai
authors: M
authors: Gheorghiade
authors: Ahmanson-UCLA Cardiomyopathy Center, Ronald Reagan-University of California Medical Center Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California. Electronic address: gfonarow@mednet.ucla.edu.
authors: Gregg C
authors: GC
authors: Fonarow
mesh_terms: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001342:Autonomic Nervous System Diseases / Q000503:physiopathology; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004232:Diuretics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified / Q000378:metabolism; D006321:Heart / Q000503:physiopathology; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000502:physiology; D008929:Mitochondria, Heart / Q000502:physiology; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism; D051437:Renal Insufficiency / Q000503:physiopathology; D012084:Renin-Angiotensin System / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D066253:Vascular Remodeling / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D004232:Diuretics; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified
keywords: diabetes mellitus; diabetic cardiomyopathy; heart failure