title: Bacterial and fungal pattern recognition receptors in homologous innate signaling pathways of insects and mammals.
abstract: In response to bacterial and fungal infections in insects and mammals, distinct families of innate immune pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) initiate highly complex intracellular signaling cascades. Those cascades induce a variety of immune functions that restrain the spread of microbes in the host. Insect and mammalian innate immune receptors include molecules that recognize conserved microbial molecular patterns. Innate immune recognition leads to the recruitment of adaptor molecules forming multi-protein complexes that include kinases, transcription factors, and other regulatory molecules. Innate immune signaling cascades induce the expression of genes encoding antimicrobial peptides and other key factors that mount and regulate the immune response against microbial challenge. In this review, we summarize our current understanding of the bacterial and fungal PRRs for homologous innate signaling pathways of insects and mammals in an effort to provide a framework for future studies.
authors: Insect Infection and Immunity Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, The George Washington University Washington, DC, USA.
authors: Bethany A
authors: BA
authors: Stokes
authors: Insect Infection and Immunity Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, The George Washington University Washington, DC, USA.
authors: Shruti
authors: S
authors: Yadav
authors: Insect Infection and Immunity Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, The George Washington University Washington, DC, USA.
authors: Upasana
authors: U
authors: Shokal
authors: Insect Infection and Immunity Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, The George Washington University Washington, DC, USA.
authors: L C
authors: LC
authors: Smith
authors: Insect Infection and Immunity Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, The George Washington University Washington, DC, USA.
authors: Ioannis
authors: I
authors: Eleftherianos
keywords: immune signaling; innate immunity; insects; mammals; pathogens; recognition receptors