title: Mandibular metastasis as an initial manifestation of hepatocellular carcinoma: A report of two cases.
abstract: The present study reports two cases of mandibular metastasis from hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), including the clinical presentation, and computed tomography (CT), histopathology and immunohistochemistry results. Space-occupying lesions occurred unilaterally as an initial mandibular manifestation. HCC metastasis was confirmed by post-surgical examination, and the primary tumor was found using CT scans. Hepatitis B virus infection history and positive results of hepatitis B surface antigen, hepatitis B e-antibody, hepatitis B core antibody and hepatitis B virus pre-S1 antigen further supported the pathogenesis of HCC. Based on the clinical findings, the characteristics of the CT scans and the histopathology and immunohistochemistry results, the mechanisms of HCC metastasis and its management are also discussed.
authors: Department of Internal Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China.
authors: Chunhua
authors: C
authors: DU
authors: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China.
authors: Yuanyong
authors: Y
authors: Feng
authors: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China.
authors: Ningyi
authors: N
authors: Li
authors: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China.
authors: Ke
authors: K
authors: Wang
authors: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China.
authors: Shuangyi
authors: S
authors: Wang
authors: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, P.R. China.
authors: Zhenhua
authors: Z
authors: Gao
keywords: hepatocellular carcinoma; mandible; metastasis