title: Effects of caffeic acid phenethyl ester and melatonin on distraction osteogenesis: an experimental study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this experimental animal model study is to investigate the effects of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) and melatonin on the maturation of newly-formed regenerated bone in distraction osteogenesis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Unilateral femoral lengthening(extension) was applied to 39 adult male Wistar albino rats, which were randomly allocated to 3 groups of 13; control, melatonin and CAPE groups. Through a 7-day latent waiting period and 15 days of distraction, melatonin of 25 mg/kg and CAPE of 10 μmol/kg were administered to the respective groups. The animals were sacrificed on Day 82. Radiographic, histological and biomechanical evaluations were made and measurements were taken.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At the end of 82 days, the distraction osteogenesis area was seen to be completely filled with new bone formation in all 3 groups both radiologically and histologically. Biomechanically, the maximum torsional fracture strength (Maximum Torque (N-m)) of the melatonin group was higher compared to that of the control group, although it was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). The maximum torsional momentum of the CAPE group was statistically significantly high (p < 0.05). The degree of rigidity (N-m/deg) of both the melatonin and CAPE groups was higher than that of the control group and the CAPE group was found to be statistically significantly higher than the melatonin group (p < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Melatonin and CAPE increase the maturation of new bone in distraction osteogenesis. These effects are probably due to the reducing effect on bone resorption by inhibiting NF-κB and free oxygen radicals.
authors: Orthopaedic and Traumatology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Sakarya University, Sakarya, Turkey.
authors: Mehmet
authors: M
authors: Erdem
authors: Orthopaedic and Traumatology Clinique, Dr. Lutfi Kirdar Kartal Training and Research Hospital, Semsi Denizer Cad. E-5 Yanyol, Cevizli Sapagi, 34890 Kartal, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors: Deniz
authors: D
authors: Gulabi
authors: Orthopaedic and Traumatology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors: Cengiz
authors: C
authors: Sen
authors: Orthopaedic and Traumatology Clinique, Erbaa State Hospital, Tokat, Turkey.
authors: Seyit Ahmet
authors: SA
authors: Sahin
authors: Mechanical Engineering Department, Istanbul Technical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors: Ergun
authors: E
authors: Bozdag
keywords: Caffeic acid phenethyl ester; Distraction osteogenesis; Extremity; Melatonin