title: Does diabetes affect the distribution and number of interstitial cells and neuronal tissue in the ureter, bladder, prostate, and urethra of humans?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study was to investigate and compare the distribution and number of interstitial cells (ICs) and neuronal tissue in the ureter, bladder, prostate, and urethra of human patients with and without diabetes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Human tissue was obtained from patients who had undergone radical cystectomy for bladder cancer (10 diabetic and 11 non-diabetic males). Interstitial cells were stained immunohistochemically with anti-human CD117 (c-kit) rabbit polyclonal antibody, Vimentin, and Connexin-43. Neural tissue was stained with synaptophysin. The number of ICs and neurons was evaluated and compared between the groups (diabetic versus non-diabetic).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean number of c-kit (+) ICs in bladder lamina propria was significantly decreased in diabetics (32.40 ±12.96 versus 57.18 ±25.37, p = 0.036). The mean number of ICs in the detrusor muscle was significantly decreased in diabetics (40.50 ±16.79 versus 64.55 ±22.08, p = 0.013). Between the groups, no significant differences were detected regarding the number of ICs at the level of the ureter, urethra, and prostate. No significant differences were detected regarding the number of nerves in the ureter, bladder, prostate, and urethra of both groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The number of ICs may be decreased in the lamina propria and detrusor muscle of the human bladder in diabetes. This can be an underlying cause of lower urinary tract (LUT) dysfunction in diabetics. Research into the development of drugs targeting or stimulating IC function in order to prevent diabetic LUT dysfunction is warranted.
authors: Yildirim Beyazit University, School of Medicine, Ankara Ataturk Training & Research Hospital, Department of Urology, Ankara, Turkey.
authors: Abdullah Erdem
authors: AE
authors: Canda
authors: Ankara Ataturk Training & Research Hospital, Department of Pathology, Ankara, Turkey.
authors: Hayriye
authors: H
authors: Dogan
authors: Ankara Oncology Training & Research Hospital, Department of Pathology, Ankara, Turkey.
authors: Olcay
authors: O
authors: Kandemir
authors: Yildirim Beyazit University, School of Medicine, Ankara Ataturk Training & Research Hospital, Department of Urology, Ankara, Turkey.
authors: Ali Fuat
authors: AF
authors: Atmaca
authors: Yildirim Beyazit University, School of Medicine, Ankara Ataturk Training & Research Hospital, Department of Urology, Ankara, Turkey.
authors: Ziya
authors: Z
authors: Akbulut
authors: Memorial Sisli Hospital, Department of Urology, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors: Mevlana Derya
authors: MD
authors: Balbay
keywords: bladder; diabetes; human; interstitial cells; neurons; prostate; ureter; urethra