title: Distribution of bioactive lipid mediators in human skin.
abstract: The skin produces bioactive lipids that participate in physiological and pathological states, including homeostasis, induction, propagation, and resolution of inflammation. However, comprehension of the cutaneous lipid complement, and contribution to differing roles of the epidermal and dermal compartments, remains incomplete. We assessed the profiles of eicosanoids, endocannabinoids, N-acyl ethanolamides, and sphingolipids, in human dermis, epidermis, and suction blister fluid. We identified 18 prostanoids, 12 hydroxy-fatty acids, 9 endocannabinoids and N-acyl ethanolamides, and 21 non-hydroxylated ceramides and sphingoid bases, several demonstrating significantly different expression in the tissues assayed. The array of dermal and epidermal fatty acids was reflected in the lipid mediators produced, whereas similarities between lipid profiles in blister fluid and epidermis indicated a primarily epidermal origin of suction blister fluid. Supplementation with omega-3 fatty acids ex vivo showed that their action is mediated through perturbation of existing species and formation of other anti-inflammatory lipids. These findings demonstrate the diversity of lipid mediators involved in maintaining tissue homeostasis in resting skin and hint at their contribution to signaling, cross-support, and functions of different skin compartments. Profiling lipid mediators in biopsies and suction blister fluid can support studies investigating cutaneous inflammatory responses, dietary manipulation, and skin diseases lacking biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
authors: Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, Manchester Pharmacy School, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
authors: Alexandra C
authors: AC
authors: Kendall
authors: Dermatology Centre, Institute of Inflammation and Repair, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
authors: Suzanne M
authors: SM
authors: Pilkington
authors: School of Pharmacy and Centre for Skin Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, UK.
authors: Karen A
authors: KA
authors: Massey
authors: Safety and Environmental Assurance Centre, Unilever, Sharnbrook, UK.
authors: Gary
authors: G
authors: Sassano
authors: Dermatology Centre, Institute of Inflammation and Repair, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
authors: Lesley E
authors: LE
authors: Rhodes
authors: Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, Manchester Pharmacy School, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK. Electronic address: anna.nicolaou@manchester.ac.uk.
authors: Anna
authors: A
authors: Nicolaou
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000577:Amides / Q000378:metabolism; D001706:Biopsy; D001768:Blister / Q000378:metabolism; D002518:Ceramides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D020405:Dermis / Q000378:metabolism; D015777:Eicosanoids / Q000378:metabolism; D063388:Endocannabinoids / Q000378:metabolism; D004817:Epidermis / Q000378:metabolism; D000431:Ethanol / Q000378:metabolism; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3 / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation; D008055:Lipids / Q000737:chemistry*; D008297:Male; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D008875:Middle Aged; D015398:Signal Transduction; D012867:Skin / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D012871:Skin Diseases / Q000378:metabolism; D013107:Sphingolipids / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000577:Amides; D002518:Ceramides; D015777:Eicosanoids; D063388:Endocannabinoids; D005227:Fatty Acids; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3; D008055:Lipids; D013107:Sphingolipids; D000431:Ethanol