title: Anti-skin-aging benefits of exopolymers from Aureobasidium pullulans SM2001.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There have been many attempts to search for affordable and effective functional cosmetic ingredients, especially from natural sources.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  As research into developing a functional cosmetic ingredient, we investigated whether exopolymers from Aureobasidium pullulans SM2001 (E-AP-SM2001) exert antioxidant, antiwrinkle, whitening, and skin moisturizing effects.
  
  
  METHODS
  Antioxidant effects of E-AP-SM2001 were determined by measuring free radical scavenging capacity and superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activity. Antiwrinkle effects were assessed through the inhibition of hyaluronidase, elastase, collagenase, and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1. Whitening effects were measured by tyrosinase inhibition assay, and by melanin formation test in B16/F10 melanoma cells. Skin moisturizing effects were detected by mouse skin water content test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  E-AP-SM2001 showed potent DPPH radical scavenging activity and SOD-like effects. Additionally, hyaluronidase, elastase, collagenase, and MMP-1 activities were significantly inhibited by E-AP-SM2001. We also observed that E-AP-SM2001 effectively reduced melanin production by B16/F10 melanoma cells and mushroom tyrosinase activities. Furthermore, significant increases in skin water content were detected in E-AP-SM2001- treated mouse skin, as compared with vehicle-treated control skin. Notably, a mask pack containing E-AP-SM2001 showed a >twofold more extensive moisturizing effect compared with one containing Saccharomycopsis ferment filtrate.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that E-AP-SM2001 has adequate antiaging, antiwrinkle, and whitening benefits and skin moisturizing effect. These effects involve reducing hyaluronidase, elastase, collagenase, and MMP-1 activities, as well as inhibition of melanin production and tyrosinase activities. Therefore, the antioxidant E-AP-SM2001 may serve as a predictable functional ingredient.
authors: Kyung Hu
authors: KH
authors: Kim
authors: Soo Jin
authors: SJ
authors: Park
authors: Ji Eun
authors: JE
authors: Lee
authors: Young Joon
authors: YJ
authors: Lee
authors: Chang Hyun
authors: CH
authors: Song
authors: Seong Hun
authors: SH
authors: Choi
authors: Sae Kwang
authors: SK
authors: Ku
authors: Su Jin
authors: SJ
authors: Kang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology; D001203:Ascomycota / Q000737:chemistry*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D011108:Polymers / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015595:Skin Aging / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D011108:Polymers