title: Salidroside alleviates paraquat-induced rat acute lung injury by repressing TGF-β1 expression.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study was designed to investigate the protective effects of salidroside (SDS) via suppressing the expression of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) in rat acute lung injury (ALI) induced by paraquat (PQ) and to explore the potential molecular mechanisms.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 90 male rats (190-210 g) were randomly and evenly divided into 9 groups: control group, PQ groups (4 groups), and PQ + SDS groups (4 groups). The rats in control group were treated with equal volume of saline intraperitoneally. The rats in PQ groups were exposed to PQ solution (20 mg/kg) by gastric gavage for 1, 6, 24, and 72 hours, respectively. The rats in PQ + SDS groups were intraperitoneally injected once with SDS (10 mg/kg) every 12 hours after PQ perfusion. Pulmonary pathological changes were observed by hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining. The expression of TGF-β1 and the mRNA were evaluated by immunohistochemical (IHC) scoring and real time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (real-time qRT-PCR), respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  SDS alleviated the symptoms of PQ induced ALI. Moreover, SDS reduced the expression of the inflammatory cytokine TGF-β1 including TGF-β1 IHC scores (at each time point from 6 to 72 hours after PQ perfusion) and mRNA level (at each time point from 1 to 72 hours after PQ perfusion) compared with PQ groups (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SDS alleviated the pulmonary symptoms of PQ-induced ALI, at least partially, by repressing inflammatory cell infiltration and the expression of TGF-β1 resulting in delayed lung fibrosis.
authors: Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University Hangzhou 310006, Zhejiang Province, China.
authors: Zhuoyi
authors: Z
authors: Zhang
authors: Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University Hangzhou 310006, Zhejiang Province, China.
authors: Limin
authors: L
authors: Ding
authors: Department of Emergency, Taizhou Central Hospital Taizhou 318000, Zhejiang Province, China.
authors: Liqun
authors: L
authors: Wu
authors: Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University Hangzhou 310006, Zhejiang Province, China.
authors: Liying
authors: L
authors: Xu
authors: Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University Hangzhou 310006, Zhejiang Province, China.
authors: Lanzhi
authors: L
authors: Zheng
authors: Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University Hangzhou 310006, Zhejiang Province, China.
authors: Xiaomin
authors: X
authors: Huang
mesh_terms: D055371:Acute Lung Injury / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005960:Glucosides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006540:Herbicides / Q000506:poisoning*; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008168:Lung / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D010269:Paraquat / Q000506:poisoning*; D010636:Phenols / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1 / Q000096:biosynthesis*
chemical_list: D005960:Glucosides; D006540:Herbicides; D010636:Phenols; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1; C009172:rhodioloside; D010269:Paraquat
keywords: Salidroside; acute lung injury; paraquat; transforming growth factor-β1