title: Combination of direct infusion mass spectrometry and gas chromatography mass spectrometry for toxicometabolomic study of red blood cells and serum of mice Mus musculus after mercury exposure.
abstract: Although mercury (Hg) is an important environmental and occupational pollutant, its toxicological effects, especially in serum and red blood cells (RBCs), have been scarcely studied. A toxicometabolomics workflow based on high resolution mass spectrometry approaches has been applied to investigate the toxicological effects of Hg in Mus musculus mice after subcutaneous injection for 10 days, which produced inflammation and vacuolization, steatosis and karyolysis in the hepatic tissue. To this end, direct infusion mass spectrometry (DIMS) of polar and lipophilic extracts from serum and RBCs, using positive and negative mode of acquisition (ESI+/ESI-), and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry were used. A quantitative analysis of reversible oxidized thiols in serum proteins demonstrated a strong oxidative stress induction in the liver of Hg-exposed mice. Endogenous metabolites alterations were identified by partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). Mercury-exposed mice show perturbations in energy metabolism, amino acid metabolism, membrane phospholipid breakdown and oxidative stress-related metabolites in serum along the exposure. This work reports for the first time the effects of Hg-exposure on RBCs metabolic pathways, and reveals disturbances in glycolysis, membrane turnover, glutathione and ascorbate metabolisms.
authors: Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University of Huelva, Campus de El Carmen, Av. Fuerzas Armadas s/n, 21007 Huelva, Spain; Research Center on Health and Environment (CYSMA), University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain; International Campus of Excellence on Agrofood (ceiA3), University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain.
authors: M A
authors: MA
authors: García-Sevillano
authors: Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University of Huelva, Campus de El Carmen, Av. Fuerzas Armadas s/n, 21007 Huelva, Spain; Research Center on Health and Environment (CYSMA), University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain; International Campus of Excellence on Agrofood (ceiA3), University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain. Electronic address: tamara@dqcm.uhu.es.
authors: T
authors: T
authors: García-Barrera
authors: International Campus of Excellence on Agrofood (ceiA3), University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain; Department of Environmental Biology and Public Health, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University of Huelva, Campus El Carmen, 21007 Huelva, Spain.
authors: F
authors: F
authors: Navarro
authors: International Campus of Excellence on Agrofood (ceiA3), University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, S. Ochoa Building, University of Córdoba, Rabanales Campus, 14071 Córdoba, Spain.
authors: N
authors: N
authors: Abril
authors: International Campus of Excellence on Agrofood (ceiA3), University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, S. Ochoa Building, University of Córdoba, Rabanales Campus, 14071 Córdoba, Spain.
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Pueyo
authors: International Campus of Excellence on Agrofood (ceiA3), University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, S. Ochoa Building, University of Córdoba, Rabanales Campus, 14071 Córdoba, Spain.
authors: J
authors: J
authors: López-Barea
authors: Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University of Huelva, Campus de El Carmen, Av. Fuerzas Armadas s/n, 21007 Huelva, Spain; Research Center on Health and Environment (CYSMA), University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain; International Campus of Excellence on Agrofood (ceiA3), University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain. Electronic address: ariza@uhu.es.
authors: J L
authors: JL
authors: Gómez-Ariza
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000187:drug effects*; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*; D016014:Linear Models; D008099:Liver / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D008628:Mercury / Q000633:toxicity*; D055442:Metabolome / Q000187:drug effects*; D055432:Metabolomics / Q000379:methods*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D018675:Toxicity Tests
chemical_list: D008628:Mercury
keywords: Mass spectrometry; Mercury; Mus musculus; Red blood cells; Serum; Toxicometabolomics