title: Electrical nerve stimulation to promote micturition in spinal cord injury patients: A review of current attempts.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In this review, we focus on the current attempts of electrical nerve stimulation for micturition in spinal cord injury (SCI) patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  A literature search was performed through PubMed using "spinal cord injury," "electrical nerve stimulation AND bladder," "sacral anterior root stimulation/stimulator" and "Brindley stimulator" from January 1975 to January 2014.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty studies were selected for this review.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Electrical nerve stimulation is a clinical option for promoting micturition in SCI patients. Well-designed, randomized and controlled studies are essential for further investigation.
authors: Department of Urology, Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom.|Department of Urology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China.
authors: Jian
authors: J
authors: Ren
authors: Department of Neurosciences, Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
authors: Daniel J
authors: DJ
authors: Chew
authors: Department of Urology, Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
authors: Suzanne
authors: S
authors: Biers
authors: Department of Urology, Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
authors: Nikesh
authors: N
authors: Thiruchelvam
mesh_terms: D004599:Electric Stimulation Therapy / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D058542:Implantable Neurostimulators; D020127:Recovery of Function; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000294:innervation*; D001750:Urinary Bladder, Neurogenic / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D014554:Urination
keywords: electrical nerve stimulation; neurogenic bladder; sacral anterior root stimulation; spinal cord injury