title: Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Pityocera Giglio-Tos, 1896 (Diptera: Tabanidae: Scionini).
abstract: The genus Pityocera Giglio-Tos is revised based on examination of external morphology and genitalia of type material and specimens from Brazilian and foreign institutions. Five currently valid species in three subgenera are recognized: P. (Elaphella) cervus (Wiedemann, 1828); P. (Pityocera) festai Giglio-Tos, 1896; P. (Pseudelaphella) nana (Walker, 1850); P. (Pseudelaphella) nigribasis Fairchild, 1964; P. (Pseudelaphella) patellicornis (Kröber, 1930). Five new species are described: P. (Pseudelaphella) barrosi Gorayeb & Krolow sp. nov. (Brazil: Mato Grosso do Sul); P. (Pseudelaphella) gorayebi Limeira-de-Oliveira & Krolow sp. nov. (Brazil: Maranhão, Tocantins and Bahia); P. (Pseudelaphella) pernaquila Gorayeb & Krolow sp. nov. (Brazil: Pará and Rondônia); P. (Pseudelaphella) rhinolissa Krolow & Henriques sp. nov. (Brazil: Pará, Maranhão, Tocantins, Rondônia, Mato Grosso, Goiás and Mato Grosso do Sul; Bolivia: Santa Cruz); P. (Pseudelaphella) ecuadorensis Buestán & Krolow sp. nov. (Ecuador: Manabí, Guayas, Santa Elena and Loja). We provide diagnosis, descriptions, redescriptions, distribution records, illustrations and discussion for all species, as well as a key for identification of species.
authors: Coordenação de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Tocantins, Cx. Postal 136, 77500-000, Porto Nacional, TO, Brazil.; Email: tkkrolow@gmail.com.
authors: Tiago Kütter
authors: TK
authors: Krolow
authors: Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Cx. Postal 2223, 69080-971, Manaus, AM, Brazil.; Email: loureiro@inpa.gov.br.
authors: Augusto Loureiro
authors: AL
authors: Henriques
authors: Coordenação de Zoologia, Entomologia, Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Av. Perimetral 1901, Bairro Terra firme, Cx. Postal 399, 66017-970, Belém, Pará, Brazil.; Email: gorayeb@museu-goeldi.br.
authors: Inocêncio De Sousa
authors: Ide S
authors: Gorayeb
authors: Laboratório de Estudos dos Invertebrados, Universidade Estadual do Maranhão, 65604-380, Caxias, Maranhão, Brazil.; Email: f.limeiradeoliveira@pq.cnpq.br.
authors: Francisco
authors: F
authors: Limeira-de-Oliveira
authors: Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad de Guayaquil, Av. Raúl Gómez Lince s/n y Av. Juan Tanca Marengo, Guayaquil, Ecuador.; Email: jaime_buestan@hotmail.com.
authors: Jaime
authors: J
authors: Buestán
mesh_terms: D063147:Animal Distribution; D000825:Animal Structures / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000254:growth & development; D000818:Animals; D049628:Body Size; D001838:Bolivia; D001938:Brazil; D004175:Diptera / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000145:classification* / Q000254:growth & development; D004484:Ecuador; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D009929:Organ Size