title: Surgically and conservatively treated obese patients differ in psychological factors, regardless of body mass index or obesity-related co-morbidities: a comparison between groups and an analysis of predictors.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  For the treatment of obesity, both conservative and surgical procedures are available. Psychological factors are likely to influence the choice of treatment; however, to date, systematic studies that investigate these factors are few in number. The aim of our study was to analyze whether patients who undergo a surgical treatment differ from those who require a conservative treatment in regard to psychological factors, regardless of their somatic conditions. Furthermore, predictors of treatment choice will be examined.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 244 patients (189 women), with a mean body mass index of 45.1 kg/m2, underwent a weight reduction treatment, with 126 patients undergoing bariatric surgery and 118 patients participating in a conservative, multimodal outpatient weight reduction program. Differences in the results of the psychological questionnaires between conservatively and surgically treated patients were evaluated through the use of t-tests, χ2-tests and an ANCOVA. For the analysis of the predictors, logistic regression models were calculated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Surgically and conservatively treated obese patients differ in psychological, somatic, and socio-demographic factors. The psychological differences between the groups are independent of obesity-related co-morbidities, such as body mass index (BMI), type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension and coronary heart disease. The following psychological and somatic factors equally predict the choice of bariatric surgery: apathy, delegated active coping, a sense of coherence, complaints, type 2 diabetes mellitus, BMI, and age.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Longitudinal studies are required to assess the predictive value of the psychological factors in regard to the postsurgical weight course to improve the pre-surgical screening and treatment selection process. The pre-surgical identification of psychological predictors should result in a more personalized medicine course and may ensure long term outcomes.
authors: Center for Internal Medicine and Dermatology, Division for General Internal and Psychosomatic Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
authors: Anne
authors: A
authors: Ahnis
authors: Center for Internal Medicine and Dermatology, Division for General Internal and Psychosomatic Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
authors: Andrea
authors: A
authors: Figura
authors: Center for Internal Medicine and Dermatology, Division for General Internal and Psychosomatic Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
authors: Tobias
authors: T
authors: Hofmann
authors: Center for Internal Medicine and Dermatology, Division for General Internal and Psychosomatic Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
authors: Andreas
authors: A
authors: Stengel
authors: Center for Internal Medicine with Gastroenterology and Nephrology, Division for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
authors: Ulf
authors: U
authors: Elbelt
authors: Center for Internal Medicine and Dermatology, Division for General Internal and Psychosomatic Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
authors: Burghard F
authors: BF
authors: Klapp
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D050110:Bariatric Surgery; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002755:Choice Behavior; D015897:Comorbidity; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy*; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult