title: Antimicrobial resistance and population structure of Staphylococcus epidermidis recovered from pig farms in Belgium.
abstract: Pigs are known to harbour a variety of staphylococcal bacteria, including Staphylococcus epidermidis, in the upper respiratory tract. The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence, genetic diversity, virulence and antimicrobial resistance of S. epidermidis in healthy pigs, as well as to identify the potential role of pigs as a reservoir of zoonotic infection. The overall prevalence of S. epidermidis carriage was 28%, with approximately half of the pigs tested (13.5%) carrying methicillin-resistant S. epidermidis (MRSE). Some isolates belonged to multilocus sequence types, associated with healthy human carriers or healthcare personnel (ST88, ST210) whereas others were related to animal or environmental strains (ST100, ST273). Most MRSE isolates carried SCCmec type IV, with SCCmec type V or a non-typeable SCCmec detected in the remaining isolates. Both MRSE and methicillin-susceptible S. epidermidis isolates showed a degree of antimicrobial resistance, with most resistant to tetracycline and/or trimethoprim antimicrobial drugs. Isolates subjected to micro-array analysis carried the antimicrobial resistance genes tet(K), tet(M) and dfrS1, while half carried the arginine catabolic element (ACME) associated with colonisation. Some MRSE ST273 strains also carried the ica operon involved in biofilm formation. These research findings provide insight into the population structure and characteristics of S. epidermidis carried by healthy pigs, suggesting a role for these strains as a potential reservoir for antimicrobial and virulence genes and indicating that exchange of strains might occur between pigs and humans.
authors: Department of Bacterial Diseases, Veterinary and Agrochemical Research Centre, Groeselenbergstraat 99, B-1180 Brussels, Belgium. Electronic address: argudinmaria@gmail.com.
authors: M Angeles
authors: MA
authors: Argudín
authors: Department of Obstetrics, Reproduction and Herd Health, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.
authors: Wannes
authors: W
authors: Vanderhaeghen
authors: Department of Bacterial Diseases, Veterinary and Agrochemical Research Centre, Groeselenbergstraat 99, B-1180 Brussels, Belgium; Department of Pathology, Bacteriology, and Avian Diseases, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.
authors: Patrick
authors: P
authors: Butaye
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001530:Belgium / Q000453:epidemiology; D004197:Disease Reservoirs / Q000382:microbiology; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial / Q000187:drug effects*; D014644:Genetic Variation; D006801:Humans; D058885:Multilocus Sequence Typing / Q000662:veterinary; D015995:Prevalence; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D013212:Staphylococcus epidermidis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000472:pathogenicity* / Q000502:physiology; D013552:Swine; D013553:Swine Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D014774:Virulence; D015047:Zoonoses / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology
keywords: Antimicrobial resistance; Arginine catabolic element; Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis