title: Nanoparticle formulation by Büchi B-90 Nano Spray Dryer for oral mucoadhesion.
abstract: Diabetes is considered one of the main threats to global public health in this era. It is increasing rapidly in every part of the world; the prevalence of the disease will grow to the point where 366 million people will be affected by 2030. The prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) in the Saudi population is high, and the majority of patients suffer from type 2 DM. Marketed oral antidiabetic drugs have indicated poor tolerability during chronic treatments, and this contributes to the moderately large proportion of type 2 DM patients that remain inadequately managed. Vildagliptin nanospheres were prepared with aminated gelatin using a spray-drying method; narrow particle-size distribution was seen at 445 nm. The angle of repose was found to be θ <33.5°. The nanospheres appeared to be spherical with a smooth surface. The drug content and percentage yield of the nanospheres were found to be 76.2%±4.6% and 83%±2%, respectively. The nanosphere-swell profile was found to be 165%±7%. The pure drug was 100% dissolved in 30 minutes, and the nanosphere formulation took 12 hours to dissolve (97.5%±2%), and followed a Korsmeyer-Peppas kinetic model with an R (2) of 0.9838. The wash-off test of nanospheres found that they exhibited an excellent mucoadhesive property at 86.7% for 8 hours. The stability-study data showed no changes in the physicochemical properties of the nanospheres, and suggested that the nanospheres be stored below room temperature. The amount of vildagliptin retained was 1.6% within 3 hours, and in comparison with the gelatin vildagliptin nanoparticles formulation, the percentage that was retained was much higher (98.2% in 12 hours).
authors: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia.
authors: Sree N
authors: SN
authors: Harsha
authors: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia.
authors: Bander E
authors: BE
authors: Aldhubiab
authors: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia.
authors: Anroop B
authors: AB
authors: Nair
authors: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia.
authors: Ibrahim Abdulrahman
authors: IA
authors: Alhaider
authors: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia.
authors: Mahesh
authors: M
authors: Attimarad
authors: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia.
authors: Katharigatta N
authors: KN
authors: Venugopala
authors: Department of Pharmaceutics, East Point College of Pharmacy, Bangalore, India.
authors: Saminathan
authors: S
authors: Srinivasan
authors: Department of Pharmaceutics, East Point College of Pharmacy, Bangalore, India.
authors: Nagesh
authors: N
authors: Gangadhar
authors: Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia.
authors: Afzal Haq
authors: AH
authors: Asif
mesh_terms: D000218:Adamantane / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry; D000268:Adhesiveness; D000284:Administration, Oral; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D005780:Gelatin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry*; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry*; D009570:Nitriles / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry*; D010316:Particle Size; D011759:Pyrrolidines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry*; D013499:Surface Properties; D013678:Technology, Pharmaceutical; D000077597:Vildagliptin
chemical_list: D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D009570:Nitriles; D011759:Pyrrolidines; D005780:Gelatin; D000077597:Vildagliptin; D000218:Adamantane
keywords: Büchi Nano Spray Dryer; diabetes; nanospheres; vildagliptin