title: The correlations between health-related quality of life changes and pain and anxiety in orthodontic patients in the initial stage of treatment.
abstract: This study aimed to assess generic health-related quality of life (HRQoL), pain intensity, and anxiety levels and the relationship between the three aspects in healthy young Chinese orthodontic patients in the early stage of orthodontic treatment. We enrolled 252 eligible participants (10-29 years old) to complete validated Chinese versions of questionnaires, including the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (S-AI), the visual analogue scale (VAS), and the Short-Form 36-Item Health Survey (SF-36) at baseline and on days 1, 2, 3, 7, 14, and 30 after initial archwire placement (SF-36 only at baseline and day 30). The response rate was 96% (243 of 252). SF-36 had moderate reliability (Cronbach's alpha coefficient exceeding 0.7, good fit on day 30). Statistical significant changes were observed in physical function (P < 0.01), body pain (P = 0.01), and general health (P < 0.01) domains. Spearman correlation coefficients for SF-36 with S-AI were -0.131~-0.515 (P < 0.05); SF-36 with VAS were -0.141~-0.273 (P < 0.05), indicating significant but moderate negative correlations between HRQoL and pain/anxiety. Overall, the application of SF-36 in assessing HRQoL is reluctantly suitable for young Chinese orthodontic patients in the early stage of orthodontic treatment. Early treatment-related pain and anxiety are important factors in HRQoL.
authors: Department of Stomatology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, No. 301, Middle Yanchang Road, Shanghai 200072, China.
authors: Jing
authors: J
authors: Wang
authors: Department of Stomatology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, No. 301, Middle Yanchang Road, Shanghai 200072, China.
authors: Xiaoshan
authors: 0000-0003-0462-8607
authors: X
authors: Tang
authors: Department of Stomatology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, No. 301, Middle Yanchang Road, Shanghai 200072, China.
authors: Yun
authors: Y
authors: Shen
authors: Department of Stomatology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, No. 301, Middle Yanchang Road, Shanghai 200072, China.
authors: Guangwei
authors: G
authors: Shang
authors: Department of Stomatology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, No. 301, Middle Yanchang Road, Shanghai 200072, China.
authors: Li
authors: L
authors: Fang
authors: Department of Stomatology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, No. 301, Middle Yanchang Road, Shanghai 200072, China.
authors: Raorao
authors: R
authors: Wang
authors: Department of Stomatology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, No. 301, Middle Yanchang Road, Shanghai 200072, China.
authors: Yuanzhi
authors: 0000-0002-8330-6296
authors: Y
authors: Xu
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001007:Anxiety / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology*; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D019647:Oral Surgical Procedures; D010146:Pain / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology*; D011788:Quality of Life