title: Do weight status and television viewing influence children's subsequent dietary changes? A National Longitudinal Study in the United States.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  It is unknown how children's dietary changes would vary by overweight/obese status and length of television (TV) viewing. This study examined whether US children's weight status and TV-viewing duration influenced their subsequent dietary behavioral changes.
  
  
  METHODS
  A national representative sample of the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study-Kindergarten Cohort were followed between 5th and 8th grades during 2004-2007 (N=7720). Children's daily TV-viewing hour and weight status were measured at 5th grade. Children reported their dietary behaviors at the 5th and 8th grades, including fruit/vegetable consumption ⩾5 times per day (five-a-day), daily fast-food and soft drink consumption. Logistic models were used to estimate the odds ratio (OR) of dietary behavioral changes by children's baseline weight status and TV-viewing duration. Gender and race/ethnicity differences in the ORs were examined. Sampling weight and design effect were considered for the analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among those without five-a-day at 5th grade, overweight/obese children were more likely to develop the five-a-day behavior at 8th grade than normal-weight children (for overweight: OR=1.65, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.14-2.39; obese: OR=1.35, 95% CI=0.81-2.23). Among girls, overweight group was more likely to develop eating vegetable ⩾3 times per day than normal-weight group, but 1 more h day(-1) of TV viewing at baseline was associated with lower odds of developing eating vegetable ⩾3 times per day. Overweight/obese black and Hispanic children were significantly more likely to develop five-a-day than their normal-weight counterparts. TV viewing did not show modification effect on the association between weight status and subsequent dietary changes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Overweight/obese children were more likely to improve their subsequent fruit and vegetable consumption than normal-weight children, but TV viewing's independent relationship with dietary changes may counteract the weight status-associated dietary improvement.
authors: 1] Department of Public Health, Institute of Public Health, National Yang-Ming University, Taiwan, ROC [2] Johns Hopkins Global Center on Childhood Obesity, Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors: H-J
authors: HJ
authors: Chen
authors: 1] Johns Hopkins Global Center on Childhood Obesity, Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA [2] Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA.
authors: Y
authors: Y
authors: Wang
mesh_terms: D001628:Beverages; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002648:Child; D002652:Child Behavior / Q000523:psychology*; D002664:Child Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004032:Diet; D002149:Energy Intake; D005247:Feeding Behavior / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D005638:Fruit; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D063766:Pediatric Obesity / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000523:psychology; D057185:Sedentary Behavior; D013690:Television; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D014675:Vegetables