title: Clinical Features and Outcomes of Strabismus Treatment in Third Cranial Nerve Palsy during a 10-Year Period.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the demographics and management outcomes of strabismus surgery in patients with third cranial nerve palsy.
  
  
  METHODS
  This retrospective study includes subjects with third cranial nerve palsy. We evaluated age, sex, laterality, severity of involvement, etiology, frequency of clinical findings, and types and results of treatments.
  
  
  RESULTS
  52 patients including 29 male and 23 female subjects with mean age of 21.1±15.5 years were studied between January 1999 and January 2009. Etiologies of third nerve palsy included congenital in 16 (30.8%), trauma in 26 (50%) and other causes in 10 (19.2%) patients. In 24 patients (46.2%), the palsy was complete. The most common type of strabismus was exotropia associated with hypotropia (40%). Medical treatment was used in 25 (48%) and surgical treatment in 46 (88.4%) subjects. One time strabismus surgery was performed in 30 (65.2%), 2 times in 11 (24%) and 3 times in 5 (10.8%) subjects. The most common operation was large horizontal recession and resection in 78.2% of cases. Mean horizontal deviation in primary position was 66±29 prism diopters (PD) before surgery decreasing to 21±19, 13±12 and 6±8 PD after first, second and third surgery, respectively. Corresponding figures for mean vertical deviation were 13±15, 7±12, 4±6 and 1±2 PD, respectively. Abnormal head posture was 10-30° in 11 (21.1%) cases before treatment which completely resolved after surgery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Surgical management of strabismus in patients with third nerve palsy is difficult and challenging, however the majority of patients achieve ideal results with appropriate and stepwise surgical plans.
authors: Ophthalmic Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors: Abbas
authors: A
authors: Bagheri
authors: Ophthalmic Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors: Morteza
authors: M
authors: Borhani
authors: Ophthalmic Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors: Mehdi
authors: M
authors: Tavakoli
authors: Ophthalmic Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors: Shahram
authors: S
authors: Salehirad
keywords: Exotropia; Hypotropia; Strabismus Surgery; Third Nerve Palsy