title: Genetic structure and parasitization-related ability divergence of a nematode fungal pathogen Hirsutella minnesotensis following founder effect in China.
abstract: The fungal parasitoid, Hirsutella minnesotensis, is a dominant parasitoid of the soybean cyst nematode, which is a destruction pest of soybean crops. We investigated population structure and parasitism pattern in samples of H. minnesotensis in China to reveal the spreading pattern of this fungal species and the underlying mechanism generating the parasitization-related ability variability in Chinese population. In cross-inoculation experiments using different combinations of H. minnesotensis and soybean cyst nematode samples from China, most H. minnesotensis isolates fitted the criterion for "local versus foreign" parasitism profile, exhibiting local adaptation pattern to the SCN host. However, the genetic analysis of the single nucleotide polymorphisms with clone-corrected samples based on ten DNA fragments in 56 isolates of H. minnesotensis from China revealed that the Chinese H. minnesotensis population was a clonal lineage that underwent a founder event. The results demonstrated that the Chinese H. minnesotensis population had generated parasitization-related ability diversity after a founder event through individual variation or phenotypic plasticity other than local adaptation. The rapid divergence of parasitization-related abilities with simple genetic structure in Chinese H. minnesotensis population indicates a fundamental potential for the establishment of invasive fungal species, which is a prerequisite for biological control agents.
authors: State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 3 Park 1, Beichen West Rd., Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China.
authors: Chi
authors: C
authors: Shu
authors: State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 3 Park 1, Beichen West Rd., Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China.
authors: Xianzhi
authors: X
authors: Jiang
authors: State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 3 Park 1, Beichen West Rd., Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China.
authors: Xiaoli
authors: X
authors: Cheng
authors: State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 3 Park 1, Beichen West Rd., Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China.
authors: Niuniu
authors: N
authors: Wang
authors: Southern Research and Outreach Center, University of Minnesota, 35838 120th Street, Waseca, MN 56093, USA.
authors: Senyu
authors: S
authors: Chen
authors: State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 3 Park 1, Beichen West Rd., Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China. Electronic address: xiangmc@im.ac.cn.
authors: Meichun
authors: M
authors: Xiang
authors: State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 3 Park 1, Beichen West Rd., Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China. Electronic address: liuxz@im.ac.cn.
authors: Xingzhong
authors: X
authors: Liu
mesh_terms: D000220:Adaptation, Biological; D000818:Animals; D002681:China; D004271:DNA, Fungal / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D018703:Founder Effect; D005838:Genotype; D006999:Hypocreales / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009348:Nematoda / Q000382:microbiology*; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D013025:Glycine max / Q000469:parasitology
chemical_list: D004271:DNA, Fungal
keywords: Ecological adaptation; Invasive species; Population bottleneck; Soybean cyst nematode