title: ACE and ACE2 in kidney disease.
abstract: Renin angiotensin system (RAS) activation has a significant influence on renal disease progression. The classical angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)-angiotensin II (Ang II)-Ang II type 1 (AT1) axis is considered to control the effects of RAS activation on renal disease. However, since its discovery in 2000 ACE2 has also been demonstrated to have a significant impact on the RAS. The synthesis and catabolism of Ang II are regulated via a complex series of interactions, which involve ACE and ACE2. In the kidneys, ACE2 is expressed in the proximal tubules and less strongly in the glomeruli. The synthesis of inactive Ang 1-9 from Ang I and the catabolism of Ang II to produce Ang 1-7 are the main functions of ACE2. Ang 1-7 reduces vasoconstriction, water retention, salt intake, cell proliferation, and reactive oxygen stress, and also has a renoprotective effect. Thus, in the non-classical RAS the ACE2-Ang 1-7-Mas axis counteracts the ACE-Ang II-AT1 axis. This review examines recent human and animal studies about renal ACE and ACE2.
authors: Sonoo Mizuiri, Department of Nephrology, Ichiyokai Harada Hospital, Hiroshima-Shi 731-5134, Japan.
authors: Sonoo
authors: S
authors: Mizuiri
authors: Sonoo Mizuiri, Department of Nephrology, Ichiyokai Harada Hospital, Hiroshima-Shi 731-5134, Japan.
authors: Yasushi
authors: Y
authors: Ohashi
keywords: Angiotensin-converting enzyme; Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2; Diabetic nephropathy; Kidney disease; Renin angiotensin system