title: Computer-aided rigid choledochoscopy lithotripsy for hepatolithiasis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hepatolithiasis is challenging for surgeons to treat especially in patients with previous hepatobiliary surgery. The aim of the study was to report our experience of rigid choledochoscopy lithotripsy in targeted treatment of hepatolithiasis under the guidance of a medical image three-dimensional visualization system, which we developed and patented (software copyright no: 2008SR18 798) by comparing it with hepatectomy without a three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction technique.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between December 2007 and March 2013, 64 patients underwent rigid choledochoscopy lithotripsy based on 3D visualization technology conducted by a medical image three-dimensional visualization system for hepatolithiasis (group A). During the same period, 61 patients with hepatolithiasis were selected for hepatectomy (group B). Comparative analysis was made of demographic and perioperative characteristics of the two groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  3D visualization was instructive for surgeons on how the stones were distributed and what the spatial relationship was between stones and the intrahepatic vascular system. Compared with patients in group B, those in group A had a significantly lower intermediate residual stone rate, a faster operating time, a lower intraoperative blood loss and intraoperative blood transfusion, a shorter postoperative hospital stay, less postoperative complications, and more liver function reserved (P < 0.05 for all). Final residual stone rate, stone recurrence rate, and recurrent cholangitis rate were similar.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  3D visualization technology provides an important reference and a valuable planning for rigid choledochoscopy lithotripsy, which is a feasible and effective method for management of hepatolithiasis.
authors: Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China. Electronic address: chihuafang2012@126.com.
authors: Chi-Hua
authors: CH
authors: Fang
authors: Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.
authors: Gang
authors: G
authors: Li
authors: Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province China.
authors: Ping
authors: P
authors: Wang
authors: Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.
authors: Ying-Fang
authors: YF
authors: Fan
authors: The Clinical Anatomy Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.
authors: Shi-Zhen
authors: SZ
authors: Zhong
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D013505:Digestive System Surgical Procedures; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D020347:Lithiasis / Q000601:surgery*; D008096:Lithotripsy / Q000379:methods*; D008107:Liver Diseases / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D025321:Surgery, Computer-Assisted / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*
keywords: Hepatolithiasis; Rigid choledochoscopy lithotripsy; Three-dimensional visualization technology