title: Olfactory threshold for bourgeonal and sexual desire in young adult males.
abstract: Olfactory receptors were found to be expressed also in human sperm giving rise to the hypothesis that they might play a role in fertility and sexual behavior. For instance, bourgeonal was demonstrated to be an agonist of sperm cells olfactory receptor, OR1D2. OR1D2 has been found to be expressed in human olfactory epithelium and to play a critical role in human sperm chemotaxis. Recent preliminary evidence showed that olfaction sensitivity (determined by n-butanol olfactory threshold) and sexual desire were associated in young adult males. It is reasonable to hypothesize that bourgeonal olfactory threshold could be related with human sexual behavior and desire. In 37 healthy young adult male volunteers (age range 20-36 years), the bourgeonal odor threshold and the intensity of sexual desire [the latter using the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) scale] were examined. In addition, samples of DNA were collected. Allele and genotype frequency of the OR1D2 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were then evaluated in order to study the relationship between sexual desire and OR1D2 SNPs expression. The olfactory threshold was categorized as <10, 10⩽threshold<15, 15⩽threshold<20, ⩾20. IIEF 1 and IIEF 2 scores were significantly associated. IIEF1 scores, but not IIEF2 scores were significantly associated with olfactory threshold. No statistically significant associations were found neither between genotypes frequency and sexual desire (IIEF1 and IIEF2), nor between genotypes frequency and olfactory threshold. Hypothesizing for the first time the relationship between bourgeonal olfactory sensitivity and sexual desire in a group of young adult males, the present study found a significant association between lower olfactory threshold for bourgeonal and stronger sexual desire, in terms of IIEF1.
authors: Department of Neurosciences, Otolaryngology Section, Padova University, Padova, Italy. Electronic address: giancarlo.ottaviano@unipd.it.
authors: Giancarlo
authors: G
authors: Ottaviano
authors: Department of Neurosciences, Otolaryngology Section, Padova University, Padova, Italy.
authors: Gino
authors: G
authors: Marioni
authors: Department of Neurosciences, Otolaryngology Section, Padova University, Padova, Italy.
authors: Giuliana
authors: G
authors: Frasson
authors: Department of Molecular Medicine, Padova University, Padova, Italy.
authors: Daniela
authors: D
authors: Zuccarello
authors: Department of Neurosciences, Otolaryngology Section, Padova University, Padova, Italy.
authors: Rosario
authors: R
authors: Marchese-Ragona
authors: Department of Neurosciences, Otolaryngology Section, Treviso Hospital, Padova University, Treviso, Italy.
authors: Claudia
authors: C
authors: Staffieri
authors: Department of Neurosciences, Otolaryngology Section, Padova University, Padova, Italy.
authors: Ennio
authors: E
authors: Nardello
authors: Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Padova University, Padova, Italy.
authors: Anna Chiara
authors: AC
authors: Frigo
authors: Department of Molecular Medicine, Padova University, Padova, Italy.
authors: Carlo
authors: C
authors: Foresta
authors: Department of Neurosciences, Otolaryngology Section, Padova University, Padova, Italy.
authors: Alberto
authors: A
authors: Staffieri
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000447:Aldehydes / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005787:Gene Frequency; D006801:Humans; D007989:Libido / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D008954:Models, Biological; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide / Q000235:genetics; D018035:Receptors, Odorant / Q000819:agonists / Q000235:genetics; D029589:Seminal Plasma Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D012684:Sensory Thresholds / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D012903:Smell / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D000447:Aldehydes; C473192:OR1D2 protein, human; D018035:Receptors, Odorant; D029589:Seminal Plasma Proteins; C473193:bourgeonal