title: Organization and evolution of brain lipidome revealed by large-scale analysis of human, chimpanzee, macaque, and mouse tissues.
abstract: Lipids are prominent components of the nervous system. Here we performed a large-scale mass spectrometry-based analysis of the lipid composition of three brain regions as well as kidney and skeletal muscle of humans, chimpanzees, rhesus macaques, and mice. The human brain shows the most distinct lipid composition: 76% of 5,713 lipid compounds examined in our study are either enriched or depleted in the human brain. Concentration levels of lipids enriched in the brain evolve approximately four times faster among primates compared with lipids characteristic of non-neural tissues and show further acceleration of change in human neocortical regions but not in the cerebellum. Human-specific concentration changes are supported by human-specific expression changes for corresponding enzymes. These results provide the first insights into the role of lipids in human brain evolution.
authors: CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, 320 Yue Yang Road, Shanghai 200031, China; Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
authors: Katarzyna
authors: K
authors: Bozek
authors: CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, 320 Yue Yang Road, Shanghai 200031, China.
authors: Yuning
authors: Y
authors: Wei
authors: CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, 320 Yue Yang Road, Shanghai 200031, China.
authors: Zheng
authors: Z
authors: Yan
authors: CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, 320 Yue Yang Road, Shanghai 200031, China.
authors: Xiling
authors: X
authors: Liu
authors: CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, 320 Yue Yang Road, Shanghai 200031, China.
authors: Jieyi
authors: J
authors: Xiong
authors: Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, 997-0035 Tsuruoka, Yamagata, Japan.
authors: Masahiro
authors: M
authors: Sugimoto
authors: Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, 997-0035 Tsuruoka, Yamagata, Japan.
authors: Masaru
authors: M
authors: Tomita
authors: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
authors: Svante
authors: S
authors: Pääbo
authors: Department of Anthropology, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA.
authors: Chet C
authors: CC
authors: Sherwood
authors: Fishberg Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
authors: Patrick R
authors: PR
authors: Hof
authors: Alamogordo Primate Facility, Holloman AFB, Alamogordo, NM 88330, USA.
authors: John J
authors: JJ
authors: Ely
authors: Max Planck Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany.
authors: Yan
authors: Y
authors: Li
authors: Max Planck Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany.
authors: Dirk
authors: D
authors: Steinhauser
authors: Max Planck Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany.
authors: Lothar
authors: L
authors: Willmitzer
authors: Max Planck Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany. Electronic address: giavalisco@mpimp-golm.mpg.de.
authors: Patrick
authors: P
authors: Giavalisco
authors: CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, 320 Yue Yang Road, Shanghai 200031, China; Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; Skoltech Center for Computational and Systems Biology, Skolkovo Institute for Science and Technology, Skolkovo 143025, Russia. Electronic address: khaitovich@eva.mpg.de.
authors: Philipp
authors: P
authors: Khaitovich
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D006801:Humans; D008251:Macaca; D008563:Membrane Lipids / Q000502:physiology*; D051379:Mice; D002679:Pan troglodytes; D010802:Phylogeny
chemical_list: D008563:Membrane Lipids