title: Thiol-responsive gemini poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(lactide) with a cystine disulfide spacer as an intracellular drug delivery nanocarrier.
abstract: Thiol-responsive gemini micelles consisting of hydrophilic poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) blocks and hydrophobic polylactide (PLA) blocks with a cystine disulfide spacer were reported as effective intracellular nanocarriers of drugs. In the presence of cellular glutathione (GSH) as a reducing agent, gemini micelles gradually destabilize into monomeric micelles through cleavage of the cystine linkage. This destabilization of the gemini micelles changed their size distribution, with the appearance of small aggregates, and led to the enhanced release of encapsulated doxorubicin (DOX). The results obtained from cell culture via confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) for cellular uptake, as well as cell viability measurements for anticancer efficacy suggest the potential of disulfide-based gemini polymeric micelles as controlled drug delivery carriers.
authors: Nano & Bio Research Division, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 711-873, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: kimhc@dgist.ac.kr.
authors: Hyun-Chul
authors: HC
authors: Kim
authors: Nano & Bio Research Division, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 711-873, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: ejkim@dgist.ac.kr.
authors: Eunjoo
authors: E
authors: Kim
authors: Nano & Bio Research Division, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 711-873, Republic of Korea.
authors: Tae-Lin
authors: TL
authors: Ha
authors: Nano & Bio Research Division, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 711-873, Republic of Korea.
authors: Sang Won
authors: SW
authors: Jeong
authors: Nano & Bio Research Division, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 711-873, Republic of Korea.
authors: Se Guen
authors: SG
authors: Lee
authors: Nano & Bio Research Division, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 711-873, Republic of Korea.
authors: Sung Jun
authors: SJ
authors: Lee
authors: Nano & Bio Research Division, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 711-873, Republic of Korea.
authors: Boram
authors: B
authors: Lee
mesh_terms: D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002850:Chromatography, Gel; D003553:Cystine / Q000737:chemistry*; D004220:Disulfides / Q000737:chemistry*; D004317:Doxorubicin / Q000494:pharmacology; D004337:Drug Carriers / Q000737:chemistry*; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D005978:Glutathione / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D008823:Micelles; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D010316:Particle Size; D011091:Polyesters / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry*; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry*; D013438:Sulfhydryl Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D004220:Disulfides; D004337:Drug Carriers; D008823:Micelles; D011091:Polyesters; D013438:Sulfhydryl Compounds; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D003553:Cystine; C083464:poly(ethyleneglycol-lactide); D004317:Doxorubicin; D005978:Glutathione
keywords: Biodegradable; Disulfide-thiol exchange; Drug delivery systems; Gemini surfactants; Micelles; Stimulus-sensitive polymers