title: Update on the pathophysiological implications and clinical role of angiogenic factors in pregnancy.
abstract: Angiogenic markers are now being incorporated into clinical practice for the screening, diagnosing, and monitoring of preeclampsia. Pregnancy requires both vasculogenesis and angiogenesis in the fetal compartment and angiogenesis in the maternal compartment. Abnormal angiogenesis in the placenta determines impaired remodeling of the maternal spiral arteries and placental underperfusion that may ultimately lead to fetal growth restriction and maternal preeclampsia. The dysregulation of angiogenesis in the placenta and maternal-fetal circulation has emerged as one of the main pathophysiological features in the development of placental insufficiency and its clinical consequences. Abnormal angiogenesis has also been related to other obstetric and fetal conditions such as peripartum cardiomyopathy and fetal cardiac defects. This opens up new challenges for our understanding of angiogenic involvement in maternal cardiovascular function and fetal cardiac development, and it offers new clinical opportunities. This review summarizes the current knowledge of the pathophysiological implications and the clinical role of angiogenic factors in pregnancy.
authors: Department of Obstetrics, Maternal-Foetal Medicine Unit, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
authors: Elisa
authors: E
authors: Llurba
authors: Fatima
authors: F
authors: Crispi
authors: Stefan
authors: S
authors: Verlohren
mesh_terms: D043925:Angiogenesis Inducing Agents / Q000097:blood*; D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D000072483:Placenta Growth Factor; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011257:Pregnancy Proteins / Q000097:blood; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D043925:Angiogenesis Inducing Agents; D015415:Biomarkers; C000608036:PGF protein, human; D011257:Pregnancy Proteins; C467484:VEGFA protein, human; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D000072483:Placenta Growth Factor