title: Analysis of inter-/intra-E-plate repeatability in the real-time cell analyzer.
abstract: Over the past decade, the real-time cell analyzer (RTCA) has provided a good tool to the cell-based in vitro assay. Unlike the traditional systems that label the target cells with luminescence, fluorescence, or light absorption, RTCA monitors cell properties using noninvasive and label-free impedance measuring. However, realization of the maximum value of RTCA for applications will require assurance of within-experiment repeatability, day-to-day repeatability, and robustness to variations in conditions that might occur from different experiments. In this article, the performance and variability of RTCA is evaluated and a novel repeatability index (RI) is proposed to analyze the intra-/inter-E-plate repeatability of RTCA. The repeatability assay involves six cell lines and two media (water [H2O] and dimethyl sulfoxide [DMSO]). First, six cell lines are exposed to the media individually, and time-dependent cellular response curves characterized as a cell index (CI) are recorded by RTCA. Then, the variations along sampling time and among repeated tests are calculated and RI values are obtained. Finally, a discriminating standard is set up to evaluate the degree of repeatability. As opposed to the standardized methodologies, it is shown that the presented index can give the quantitative evaluation for repeatability of RTCA within E-plate and variation on different days.
authors: School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China; School of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, Changzhou College of Information Technology, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, China.
authors: Jiao
authors: J
authors: Chen
authors: School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China; Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G6, Canada. Electronic address: thpan@ujs.edu.cn.
authors: Tianhong
authors: T
authors: Pan
authors: Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G6, Canada.
authors: Bharathi Devi
authors: BD
authors: Devendran
authors: Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G6, Canada.
authors: Zhankun
authors: Z
authors: Xi
authors: Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G6, Canada; Department of Mathematics, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur 721302, India.
authors: Swanand
authors: S
authors: Khare
authors: Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G6, Canada. Electronic address: biao.huang@ualberta.ca.
authors: Biao
authors: B
authors: Huang
authors: Alberta Health, Edmonton, Alberta T5J 1S6, Canada.
authors: Weiping
authors: W
authors: Zhang
authors: Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G3, Canada.
authors: Stephan
authors: S
authors: Gabos
authors: Alberta Centre for Toxicology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada.
authors: Dorothy Yu
authors: DY
authors: Huang
authors: Department of Biology, ACEA Biosciences, San Diego, CA 92121, USA.
authors: Can
authors: C
authors: Jin
mesh_terms: D002460:Cell Line; D003584:Cytological Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013997:Time Factors
keywords: Cytotoxicity; Percentage coefficient of variation (%CV); Real-time cell analyzer (RTCA); Repeatability; Repeatability index (RI)