title: Web-based acceptance and commitment therapy smoking cessation treatment for smokers with depressive symptoms.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Smokers with depressive symptoms have more difficulty quitting smoking than the general population of smokers. The present study examines a web-based treatment using acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) for smokers with depressive symptoms. The study aimed to determine participant receptivity to the intervention and its effects on smoking cessation, acceptance of internal cues, and depressive symptoms.
  
  
  METHODS
  Smokers who had positive screening results for depressive symptoms at baseline (n = 94) were selected from a randomized controlled trial (N = 222) comparing web-based ACT for smoking cessation (WebQuit.org) with Smokefree.gov. Forty-five participants (48%) completed the three-month follow-up.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared to Smokefree.gov, WebQuit participants spent significantly more time on site (p =.001) and had higher acceptance of physical cravings (p =.033). While not significant, WebQuit participants were more engaged and satisfied with their program and were more accepting of internal cues overall. There was preliminary evidence that WebQuit participants had higher quit rates (20% versus 12%) and lower depressive symptoms at follow-up (45% versus 56%) than those in Smokefree.gov.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This was the first study of web-based ACT for smoking cessation among smokers with depressive symptoms, with promising evidence of receptivity, efficacy, impact on a theory-based change process, and possible secondary effects on depression. A fully powered trial of the ACT WebQuit.org intervention specifically for depressed smokers is needed. This was part of a clinical trial registered as NCT#01166334 at www.clinicaltrials.gov .
authors: a Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Division of Public Health Sciences , Seattle , Washington , USA.
authors: Helen A
authors: HA
authors: Jones
authors: Jaimee L
authors: JL
authors: Heffner
authors: Laina
authors: L
authors: Mercer
authors: Christopher M
authors: CM
authors: Wyszynski
authors: Roger
authors: R
authors: Vilardaga
authors: Jonathan B
authors: JB
authors: Bricker
mesh_terms: D064869:Acceptance and Commitment Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D000328:Adult; D003863:Depression / Q000150:complications*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D020407:Internet; D008297:Male; D016540:Smoking Cessation / Q000379:methods*; D014029:Tobacco Use Disorder / Q000150:complications* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: Acceptance and Commitment Therapy; smoking cessation; symptom of depression; web-based treatment