title: Impact of human mobility on the periodicities and mechanisms underlying measles dynamics.
abstract: Three main mechanisms determining the dynamics of measles have been described in the literature: invasion in disease-free lands leading to import-dependent outbreaks, switching between annual and biennial attractors driven by seasonality, and amplification of stochastic fluctuations close to the endemic equilibrium. Here, we study the importance of the three mechanisms using a detailed geographical description of human mobility. We perform individual-based simulations of an SIR model using a gridded description of human settlements on top of which we implement human mobility according to the radiation model. Parallel computation permits detailed simulations of large areas. Focusing our research on the British Isles, we show that human mobility has an impact on the periodicity of measles outbreaks. Depending on the level of mobility, we observe at the global level multi-annual, annual or biennial cycles. The periodicity observed globally, however, differs from the local epidemic cycles: different locations show different mechanisms at work depending on both population size and mobility. As a result, the periodicities observed locally depend on the interplay between the local population size and human mobility.
authors: Centro de Física da Matéria Condensada, Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute and Departamento de Física, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande Edificio C8, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal.
authors: Ramona
authors: R
authors: Marguta
authors: Centro de Física da Matéria Condensada, Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute and Departamento de Física, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande Edificio C8, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal andreaparisi.physics@gmail.com.
authors: Andrea
authors: A
authors: Parisi
mesh_terms: D003141:Communicable Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003198:Computer Simulation; D004196:Disease Outbreaks; D004641:Emigration and Immigration; D058872:Epidemics; D005843:Geography; D006801:Humans; D008457:Measles / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D010507:Periodicity; D011156:Population Density; D012621:Seasons; D012984:Software; D013269:Stochastic Processes; D006113:United Kingdom
keywords: SIR; human mobility; measles; periodicity