title: Exploratory study of the characteristics of feedback in the reflective dialogue group given to medical students in a clinical clerkship.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Structured narrative reflective writing combined with guided feedback is an efficient teaching method for enhancing medical students' reflective capacity. However, what kinds of feedback offered and reflection presented in a reflective group remain unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the characteristics of feedback in a reflective dialogue group.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifth-year medical students on a monthly interval rotation at the pediatric department of a medical center in eastern Taiwan during the 2012 academic year completed their reflective writing regarding patient and family psychosocial issues, and were subsequently debriefed in a 2-h group discussion session to receive feedback from a clinical tutor and peers. Content analysis was conducted to explore the characteristics of feedback and reflection presented in the reflective dialogue. The evaluative questionnaire regarding the benefits of reflection with others was administrated following the group session.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Forty students participated in five reflective groups and 108 psychosocial issues were discussed and identified. The tutor played an initiating role in the group discussion by providing six equal feedback types involving exploring new knowledge, initiating advanced discussion, highlighting the issues, and encouraging the students. The students provided eight types of feedback that involved a substantial deep discussion on psychosocial issues and action plans based on the complex interactive ecological network of clinical encounters. Each student attained 1.25 times the depth or breadth of reflection after receiving feedback and experienced the benefits of reflection with others.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Through structured narrative reflective writing combined with pluralistic group discussion with a tutor and peers, the medical students had time to think deeply and broadly about psychosocial issues among patients and their family members. Facilitative feedback providing new knowledge, deeper discussion, and exploring new ways of action planning for psychosocial issues was recommended to promote students' reflective capacity.
authors: Department of Human Development, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan.
authors: Chin-Chen
authors: CC
authors: Wen
authors: Department of Counseling & Clinical Psychology, Dong Hwa University, Hualien, Taiwan.
authors: Meei-Ju
authors: MJ
authors: Lin
authors: Department of Counseling & Clinical Psychology, Dong Hwa University, Hualien, Taiwan.
authors: Chi-Wei
authors: CW
authors: Lin
authors: Department of Paediatrics, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan.|Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan; chu_chu@tzuchi.com.tw.
authors: Shao-Yin
authors: SY
authors: Chu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002982:Clinical Clerkship / Q000379:methods*; D002983:Clinical Competence; D004504:Education, Medical, Undergraduate / Q000379:methods*; D005246:Feedback; D005260:Female; D006126:Group Processes; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D013337:Students, Medical / Q000523:psychology*; D013624:Taiwan
keywords: feedback; reflective dialogue group; undergraduate medical education