title: Structural relations between DSM-5 PTSD and major depression symptoms in military soldiers.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and major depressive disorder (MDD) are frequently comorbid. One explanation for this comorbidity is that PTSD has a constellation of "dysphoria" symptoms resembling depression.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using confirmatory factor analysis we tested the role of DSM-5 PTSD׳s dysphoria factor in relation to MDD symptom dimensions of somatic and non-somatic psychopathology. 672 Ohio National Guard soldiers completed DSM-5 measures of PTSD and MDD symptoms in an epidemiological study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Results indicated that in contrast to other PTSD factors, PTSD׳s dysphoria factor was more related to MDD׳s somatic and non-somatic factors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Limitations include generalizability to the epidemiological population of trauma-exposed military veterans rather than civilians, and reliance on self-report measures.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Implications concerning clinical psychopathology and comorbidity of PTSD are discussed, including whether PTSD should be refined by removing its non-specific symptoms.
authors: Department of Psychology, University of Toledo, United States; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toledo, United States.
authors: Jon D
authors: JD
authors: Elhai
authors: Department of Psychology, University of Toledo, United States.
authors: Ateka A
authors: AA
authors: Contractor
authors: Department of Psychiatry, University of Toledo, United States.
authors: Marijo
authors: M
authors: Tamburrino
authors: Department of Psychiatry, University of Toledo, United States.
authors: Thomas H
authors: TH
authors: Fine
authors: Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University, United States.
authors: Gregory
authors: G
authors: Cohen
authors: Department of Psychiatry, Case Western Reserve University, United States; University Hospitals Case Medical Center, United States.
authors: Edwin
authors: E
authors: Shirley
authors: Department of Psychiatry, Case Western Reserve University, United States; University Hospitals Case Medical Center, United States.
authors: Philip K
authors: PK
authors: Chan
authors: VA Ann Arbor Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States; Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, United States.
authors: Israel
authors: I
authors: Liberzon
authors: Department of Psychiatry, Case Western Reserve University, United States.
authors: Joseph R
authors: JR
authors: Calabrese
authors: School of Public Health, Boston University, United States.
authors: Sandro
authors: S
authors: Galea
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015897:Comorbidity; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D039721:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008889:Military Personnel / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D009820:Ohio / Q000453:epidemiology; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*
keywords: Comorbidity; DSM-5; Factor analysis; Major depressive disorder; Military veterans; Posttraumatic stress disorder