title: Tract-tracing study of the extrabulbar olfactory projections in the brain of some teleosts.
abstract: The extrabulbar olfactory projections (EBOP) is a collection of nerve fibers that originate from primary olfactory receptor neurons. These fibers penetrate into the brain, bypassing the olfactory bulbs (OBs). While the presence of an EBOP has been well established in teleosts, here we morphologically characterize the EBOP structure in four species each with a different morphological relationship of OB with the ventral telencephalic area. Tract-tracing methods (carbocyanine DiI/DIA and biocytin) were used. FMRFamide immunoreactive nervus terminalis (NT) components were also visualized to define any neuroanatomical relationship between the NT and EBOP. Unilateral DiI/DiA application to the olfactory chamber stained the entire olfactory epithelium, olfactory nerve fibers, and ipsilateral olfactory bulb. Labeled primary olfactory fibers running ventromedially as extrabulbar primary olfactory projections reached various regions of the secondary prosencephalon. Only in Moenkhausia sanctaefilomenae (no olfactory peduncle) did lipophilic tracer-labeled fibers reach the ipsilateral mesencephalon. The combination of tracing techniques and FMRFamide immunohistochemistry revealed a substantial overlap of the label along the olfactory pathways as well as in the anterior secondary prosencephalon. However, FMRFamide immunoreactivity was never colocalized in the same cellular or fiber component as visualized using tracer molecules. Our results showed a certain uniformity in the neuroanatomy and extension of EBOP in all four species, independent of the pedunculate feature of the OBs. The present study also provided additional evidence to support the view that EBOP and FMRFamide immunoreactive components of the NT are separate anatomical entities.
authors: Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126, Naples, Italy.
authors: Biagio
authors: B
authors: D'aniello
authors: Luciano
authors: L
authors: Luongo
authors: Rakesh K
authors: RK
authors: Rastogi
authors: Maria
authors: M
authors: Di Meglio
authors: Claudia
authors: C
authors: Pinelli
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D060126:Characidae / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D006054:Goldfish / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D056347:Neuroanatomical Tract-Tracing Techniques; D009830:Olfactory Bulb / Q000033:anatomy & histology*
keywords: DiI; brain; fish; nervus terminalis; primary extrabulbar projections