title: Tomato paste alters NF-κB and cancer-related mRNA expression in prostate cancer cells, xenografts, and xenograft microenvironment.
abstract: Tomatoes may protect against prostate cancer development, possibly through targeting signaling pathways such as nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB). We investigated whether tomato paste could modulate NF-κB activity and cancer-related gene expression in human derived prostate cancer cells (PC3) and PC3 xenografts. PC3-cells were stably transduced with an NF-κB-luciferase construct, and treated with tomato extracts or vehicle control. Nude mice bearing PC3 xenografts were fed a Western-like diet with or without 10% tomato paste for 6.5 wk. The tomato diet significantly inhibited TNFα stimulated NF-κB activity in cultured PC3 cells, and modulated the expression of genes associated with inflammation, apoptosis, and cancer progression. Accumulation of lycopene occurred in liver, xenografts, and serum of mice fed tomato diet. Tomato paste in the diet did not affect tumor size in mice; however, there was a trend toward inhibition of NF-κB activity in the xenografts. The effect of tomato on gene expression was most prominent in the xenograft microenvironment, where among others NFKB2, STAT3, and STAT6 showed higher expression levels after tomato treatment. Our findings support biological activity of tomatoes in cancer-related inflammation.
authors: a Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine , University of Oslo , Oslo , Norway.
authors: Marit
authors: M
authors: Kolberg
authors: Sigrid
authors: S
authors: Pedersen
authors: Nasser E
authors: NE
authors: Bastani
authors: Harald
authors: H
authors: Carlsen
authors: Rune
authors: R
authors: Blomhoff
authors: Ingvild
authors: I
authors: Paur
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002338:Carotenoids / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D015870:Gene Expression; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D064593:Heterografts / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D000077276:Lycopene; D018551:Solanum lycopersicum / Q000737:chemistry*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D050796:STAT3 Transcription Factor / Q000187:drug effects; D050800:STAT6 Transcription Factor / Q000187:drug effects; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D059016:Tumor Microenvironment / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D016328:NF-kappa B; D010936:Plant Extracts; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D050796:STAT3 Transcription Factor; D050800:STAT6 Transcription Factor; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D002338:Carotenoids; D000077276:Lycopene