title: On forward inferences of fast and slow readers. An eye movement study.
abstract: Unimpaired readers process words incredibly fast and hence it was assumed that top-down processing, such as predicting upcoming words, would be too slow to play an appreciable role in reading. This runs counter the major postulate of the predictive coding framework that our brain continually predicts probable upcoming sensory events. This means, it may generate predictions about the probable upcoming word during reading (dubbed forward inferences). Trying to asses these contradictory assumptions, we evaluated the effect of the predictability of words in sentences on eye movement control during silent reading. Participants were a group of fluent (i.e., fast) and a group of speed-impaired (i.e., slow) readers. The findings indicate that fast readers generate forward inferences, whereas speed-impaired readers do so to a reduced extent - indicating a significant role of predictive coding for fluent reading.
authors: Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, University Salzburg, Hellbrunnerstr. 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria.
authors: Stefan
authors: S
authors: Hawelka
authors: Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, University Salzburg, Hellbrunnerstr. 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria.
authors: Sarah
authors: S
authors: Schuster
authors: Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, University Salzburg, Hellbrunnerstr. 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria.
authors: Benjamin
authors: B
authors: Gagl
authors: Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, University Salzburg, Hellbrunnerstr. 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria.
authors: Florian
authors: F
authors: Hutzler
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005133:Eye Movements / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011930:Reaction Time; D011932:Reading; D055815:Young Adult