title: Cause and control of Radix Ophiopogonis browning during storage.
abstract: In the storage of Radix Ophiopogonis, browning often happens to cause potential risk with regard to safety. Previously few reports investigate the browning of Radix Ophiopogonis. In this research, the causes and mechanisms of the browning of Radix Ophiopogonis were preliminarily elucidated. Content determination by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and spectrophotometry, enzyme activity determination by colorimetry, and morphological observation by electron microscopy were performed in the present study. Uniform design and three-dimensional response surfaces were applied to investigate the relationship between browning and storage factors. The cortex cell wall of browned Radix Ophiopogonis was ruptured. Compared with the normal Radix Ophiopogonis, cellulase and polyphenol oxidase enzymes were activated, the levels of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF), total sugars, and reducing sugars were increased, while the levels of polysaccharides and methylophiopogonanone A were decreased in browned Radix Ophiopogonis. The relationship between the storage factors and degree of browning (Y) could be described by following correlation equation: Y = - 0.625 4 + 0.020 84 × X3 + 0.001 514 × X1 × X2 - 0.000 964 4 × X2 × X3. Accompanied with browning under storage conditions, the chemical composition of Radix Ophiopogonis was altered. Following the activation of cellulase, the rupture of the cortex cell wall and the outflow of cell substances flowed out, which caused the Radix Ophiopogonis tissue to become soft and sticky. The main causes of the browning were the production of 5-HMF, the activation of polyphenol oxidase, Maillard reactions and enzymatic browning. Browning could be effectively prevented when the air relative humidity (HR), temperature, and moisture content were under 25% RH, 12 °C and 18%, respectively.
authors: Department of Complex Prescription of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China; Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China.
authors: Hui
authors: H
authors: Wang
authors: Department of Complex Prescription of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
authors: Jin
authors: J
authors: Qi
authors: Department of Complex Prescription of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
authors: Dong-Qi
authors: DQ
authors: Han
authors: Department of Complex Prescription of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
authors: Tian
authors: T
authors: Xu
authors: Department of Complex Prescription of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
authors: Ji-Hua
authors: JH
authors: Liu
authors: Department of Complex Prescription of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China; Department of Resources Science of Traditional Chinese Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
authors: Min-Jian
authors: MJ
authors: Qin
authors: Department of Complex Prescription of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
authors: Dan-Ni
authors: DN
authors: Zhu
authors: Department of Complex Prescription of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China. Electronic address: boyangyu59@163.com.
authors: Yu
authors: Y
authors: Bo-Yang
mesh_terms: D002241:Carbohydrates / Q000096:biosynthesis; D004156:Catechol Oxidase; D002473:Cell Wall / Q000201:enzymology; D002480:Cellulase; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D061353:Food Storage / Q000379:methods*; D005662:Furaldehyde / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000138:chemical synthesis; D006813:Humidity; D015416:Maillard Reaction; D031441:Ophiopogon / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000201:enzymology*; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D002241:Carbohydrates; C008046:5-hydroxymethylfurfural; D005662:Furaldehyde; D004156:Catechol Oxidase; D002480:Cellulase
keywords: Browning; Cause; Control; Radix Ophiopogonis; Storage factors