title: A randomised controlled study of the long-term effects of exercise training on mortality in elderly people: study protocol for the Generation 100 study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Epidemiological studies suggest that exercise has a tremendous preventative effect on morbidity and premature death, but these findings need to be confirmed by randomised trials. Generation 100 is a randomised, controlled study where the primary aim is to evaluate the effects of 5 years of exercise training on mortality in an elderly population.
  
  
  METHODS
  All men and women born in the years 1936-1942 (n=6966), who were residents of Trondheim, Norway, were invited to participate. Between August 2012 and June 2013, a total of 1567 individuals (790 women) were included and randomised to either 5 years of two weekly sessions of high-intensity training (10 min warm-up followed by 4×4 min intervals at ∼90% of peak heart rate) or, moderate-intensity training (50 min of continuous work at ∼70% of peak heart rate), or to a control group that followed physical activity advice according to national recommendations. Clinical examinations, physical tests and questionnaires will be administered to all participants at baseline, and after 1, 3 and 5 years. Participants will also be followed up by linking to health registries until year 2035.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  The study has been conducted according to the SPIRIT statement. All participants signed a written consent form, and the study has been approved by the Regional Committee for Medical Research Ethics, Norway. Projects such as this are warranted in the literature, and we expect that data from this study will result in numerous papers published in world-leading clinical journals; we will also present the results at international and national conferences.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Clinicaltrials.gov NCT01666340.
authors: KG Jebsen Center of Exercise in Medicine at Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway St Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.
authors: Dorthe
authors: D
authors: Stensvold
authors: KG Jebsen Center of Exercise in Medicine at Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway St Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.
authors: Hallgeir
authors: H
authors: Viken
authors: KG Jebsen Center of Exercise in Medicine at Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway St Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.
authors: Øivind
authors: Ø
authors: Rognmo
authors: St Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
authors: Eirik
authors: E
authors: Skogvoll
authors: KG Jebsen Center of Exercise in Medicine at Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway Department of Thoracic Medicine, St Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.
authors: Sigurd
authors: S
authors: Steinshamn
authors: KG Jebsen Center of Exercise in Medicine at Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway Department of Public Health and General Practice, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
authors: Lars J
authors: LJ
authors: Vatten
authors: School of Human Movement Studies, University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia.
authors: Jeff S
authors: JS
authors: Coombes
authors: Department of Sports Medicine, The Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway.
authors: Sigmund A
authors: SA
authors: Anderssen
authors: Department of Public Health and General Practice, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
authors: Jon
authors: J
authors: Magnussen
authors: Institute for Science in Sport, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
authors: Jan Erik
authors: JE
authors: Ingebrigtsen
authors: Exercise Health and Performance Faculty Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, Lidcombe, Australia Hebrew Senior Life, Boston, Massachusetts, USA Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
authors: Maria A
authors: MA
authors: Fiatarone Singh
authors: Department of Public Health and General Practice, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
authors: Arnulf
authors: A
authors: Langhammer
authors: Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway Department of Cardiology, St Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.
authors: Asbjørn
authors: A
authors: Støylen
authors: Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway Clinic for Clinical Services, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.
authors: Jorunn L
authors: JL
authors: Helbostad
authors: KG Jebsen Center of Exercise in Medicine at Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
authors: Ulrik
authors: U
authors: Wisløff
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006299:Health Services for the Aged; D006339:Heart Rate; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009026:Mortality; D061213:Mortality, Premature; D012107:Research Design; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: CLINICAL PHYSIOLOGY; PUBLIC HEALTH; SPORTS MEDICINE