title: Design and synthesis of a MAO-B-selectively activated prodrug based on MPTP: a mitochondria-targeting chemotherapeutic agent for treatment of human malignant gliomas.
abstract: Malignant gliomas, including glioblastomas, are extremely difficult to treat. The median survival for glioblastoma patients with optimal therapeutic intervention is 15 months. We developed a novel MAO-B-selectively activated prodrug, N,N-bis(2-chloroethyl)-2-(1-methyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridin-4-yl)propanamide (MP-MUS), for the treatment of gliomas based on 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). The design of neutral MP-MUS involved the use of a seeker molecule capable of binding to mitochondrial MAO-B, which is up-regulated ≥fourfold in glioma cells. Once the binding occurs, MP-MUS is converted into a positively charged moiety, P(+) -MUS, which accumulates inside mitochondria at a theoretical maximal value of 1000:1 gradient. The LD50 of MP-MUS against glioma cells is 75 μM, which is two- to threefold more potent than temozolomide, a primary drug for gliomas. Importantly, MP-MUS was found to be selectively toxic toward glioma cells. In the concentration range of 150-180 μM MP-MUS killed 90-95 % of glioma cells, but stimulated the growth of normal human astrocytes. Moreover, maturation of MP-MUS is highly dependent on MAO-B, and inhibition of MAO-B activity with selegiline protected human glioma cells from apoptosis.
authors: Kenneth R. Peak Brain and Pituitary Tumor Center, Department of Neurological Surgery, Neurological Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, 6565 Fannin Street, Houston, TX, 77030 (USA).
authors: Martyn A
authors: MA
authors: Sharpe
authors: Junyan
authors: J
authors: Han
authors: Alexandra M
authors: AM
authors: Baskin
authors: David S
authors: DS
authors: Baskin
mesh_terms: D015632:1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D015195:Drug Design; D005910:Glioma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008995:Monoamine Oxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D008996:Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D011355:Prodrugs / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012642:Selegiline / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D008996:Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors; D011355:Prodrugs; D012642:Selegiline; D015632:1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine; D008995:Monoamine Oxidase
keywords: DNA damage; MAO-B; MPTP; gliomas; prodrugs