title: Floral diversity and pollination strategies of three rheophytic Schismatoglottideae (Araceae).
abstract: Homoplastic evolution of 'unique' morphological characteristics in the Schismatoglottideae - many previously used to define genera - prompted this study to compare morphology and function in connection with pollination biology for Aridarum nicolsonii, Phymatarum borneense and Schottarum sarikeense. Aridarum nicolsonii and P. borneense extrude pollen through a pair of horned thecae while S. sarikeense sheds pollen through a pair of pores on the thecae. Floral traits of spathe constriction, presence and movement of sterile structures on the spadix, the comparable role of horned thecae and thecae pores, the presence of stamen-associated calcium oxalate packages, and the timing of odour emission are discussed in the context of their roles in pollinator management. Pollinators for all investigated species were determined to be species of Colocasiomyia (Diptera: Drosophilidae).
authors: Department of Plant Science and Environmental Ecology, Faculty of Resource Science and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Sarawak, Malaysia.
authors: S L
authors: SL
authors: Low
authors: Department of Plant Science and Environmental Ecology, Faculty of Resource Science and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Sarawak, Malaysia.
authors: S Y
authors: SY
authors: Wong
authors: Department of Plant Science and Environmental Ecology, Faculty of Resource Science and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Sarawak, Malaysia.
authors: I H
authors: IH
authors: Ooi
authors: Department of Structural and Functional Botany, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Hesse
authors: Department of Structural and Functional Botany, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
authors: Y
authors: Y
authors: Städler
authors: Department of Structural and Functional Botany, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Schönenberger
authors: Institute of Biodiversity and Environmental Conservation, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Sarawak, Malaysia.
authors: P C
authors: PC
authors: Boyce
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D029064:Araceae / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000502:physiology*; D001893:Borneo; D018428:Drosophilidae; D035264:Flowers / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology*; D018525:Germination; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D011058:Pollen; D054817:Pollination / Q000502:physiology*; D058614:Seed Dispersal
keywords: Aridarum nicolsonii; Colocasiomyia; Phymatarum borneense; Schottarum sarikeense; flowering mechanism