title: Authentication of geographical origin and crop system of grape juices by phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity using chemometrics.
abstract: The main goal of this work was to propose an authentication model based on the phenolic composition and antioxidant and metal chelating capacities of purple grape juices produced in Brazil and Europe in order to assess their typicality. For this purpose, organic, conventional, and biodynamic grape juices produced in Brazil (n = 65) and in Europe (n = 31) were analyzed and different multivariate class-modeling and classification statistical techniques were employed to differentiate juices based on the geographical origin and crop system. Overall, Brazilian juices, regardless of the crop system adopted, presented higher contents of total phenolic compounds and flavonoids, total monomeric anthocyanins, proanthocyanidins, flavonols, flavanols, cyanidin-3-glucoside, delphinidin-3-glucoside, and malvidin-3,5-glucoside. No differences were observed for trans-resveratrol, malvidin-3-glucoside, and pelargonidin-3-glucoside between countries and among crop systems. A total of 91% of Brazilian and 97% of European juices were adroitly classified using partial least squares discriminant analysis when the producing region was considered (92% efficiency), in which the free-radical scavenging activity toward 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, content of total phenolic compounds, gallic acid, and malvidin-3-glucoside were the variables responsible for the classification. Intraregional models based on soft independent modeling of class analogy were able to differentiate organic from conventional Brazilian juices as well as conventional and organic/biodynamic European juices.
authors: RIKILT-Inst. of Food Safety, Wageningen Univ. and Research Centre, P.O. Box 230, 6700 AE, Wageningen, The Netherlands; Food Quality and Design Group, Wageningen Univ. and Research Centre, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands; Dept. of Food Engineering, State Univ. of Ponta Grossa, Av. Carlos Cavalcanti, 4748, 84030-900, Ponta Grossa, Brazil.
authors: Daniel
authors: D
authors: Granato
authors: Alex
authors: A
authors: Koot
authors: Egon
authors: E
authors: Schnitzler
authors: Saskia M
authors: SM
authors: van Ruth
mesh_terms: D000872:Anthocyanins / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology; D001628:Beverages; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds / Q000378:metabolism; D001938:Brazil; D005060:Europe; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry*; D005843:Geography; D005960:Glucosides / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D058871:Organic Agriculture; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010636:Phenols / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010851:Picrates / Q000378:metabolism; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000077185:Resveratrol; D013267:Stilbenes / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology; D027843:Vitis / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000872:Anthocyanins; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds; D005419:Flavonoids; D005960:Glucosides; D010636:Phenols; D010851:Picrates; D010936:Plant Extracts; D013267:Stilbenes; C462279:cyanidin-3-O-beta-glucopyranoside; C065861:malvidin; C494120:delphinidin 3-O-glucopyranoside; C458419:malvidin-3-glucoside; C078485:pelargonidin-3-glucoside; C004931:1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl; D000077185:Resveratrol
keywords: PLSDA; anthocyanin; biodynamic foods; chemometrics; flavonoids; organic foods