title: The "gender factor" in wearing-off among patients with Parkinson's disease: a post hoc analysis of DEEP study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The early detection of wearing-off in Parkinson disease (DEEP) observational study demonstrated that women with Parkinson's disease (PD) carry an increased risk (80.1%) for wearing-off (WO). This post hoc analysis of DEEP study evaluates gender differences on WO and associated phenomena.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients on dopaminergic treatment for ≥ 1 year were included in this multicenter observational cross-sectional study. In a single visit, WO was diagnosed based on neurologist assessment as well as the use of the 19-item wearing-off questionnaire (WOQ-19); WO was defined for scores ≥ 2. Post hoc analyses were conducted to investigate gender difference for demographic and clinical features with respect to WO.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 617 patients enrolled, 236 were women and 381 were men. Prevalence of WO was higher among women, according to both neurologists' judgment (61.9% versus 53.8%, P = 0.045) and the WOQ-19 analysis (72.5% versus 64.0%, P = 0.034). In patients with WO (WOQ-19), women experienced ≥ 1 motor symptom in 72.5% versus 64.0% in men and ≥ 1 nonmotor symptom in 44.5% versus 36.7%, in men.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest WO as more common among women, for both motor and nonmotor symptoms. Prospective studies are warranted to investigate this potential gender-effect.
authors: Novartis Farma S.p.A., Origgio, Varese 21040, Italy.
authors: Delia
authors: D
authors: Colombo
authors: Department of Neurosciences, University of Genoa, Genoa 16132, Italy.
authors: Giovanni
authors: G
authors: Abbruzzese
authors: Department of Parkinson's Disease, IRCCS San Camillo, Venice 30126, Italy.
authors: Angelo
authors: A
authors: Antonini
authors: Scuola Medica Salernitana, Università degli Studi di Salerno, Salerno 84100, Italy.
authors: Paolo
authors: P
authors: Barone
authors: Novartis Farma S.p.A., Origgio, Varese 21040, Italy.
authors: Gilberto
authors: G
authors: Bellia
authors: Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sassari, Sassari 07100, Italy.
authors: Flavia
authors: F
authors: Franconi
authors: MediData srl, Modena 41123, Italy.
authors: Lucia
authors: 0000-0001-9206-6012
authors: L
authors: Simoni
authors: Novartis Farma S.p.A., Origgio, Varese 21040, Italy.
authors: Mahmood
authors: M
authors: Attar
authors: Novartis Farma S.p.A., Origgio, Varese 21040, Italy.
authors: Emanuela
authors: E
authors: Zagni
authors: Department of Neurology, San Camillo-Forlanini Hospital, Rome 00151, Italy.
authors: Shalom
authors: S
authors: Haggiag
authors: Department of Neurology, Institute of Research and Medical Care, IRCCS San Raffaele, Rome 00163, Italy.
authors: Fabrizio
authors: F
authors: Stocchi
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D017109:Akathisia, Drug-Induced / Q000209:etiology; D000978:Antiparkinson Agents / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005684:Gait / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007980:Levodopa / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000188:drug therapy*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012737:Sex Factors
chemical_list: D000978:Antiparkinson Agents; D007980:Levodopa