title: Catalytic roles of βLys87 in tryptophan synthase: (15)N solid state NMR studies.
abstract: The proposed mechanism for tryptophan synthase shows βLys87 playing multiple catalytic roles: it bonds to the PLP cofactor, activates C4' for nucleophilic attack via a protonated Schiff base nitrogen, and abstracts and returns protons to PLP-bound substrates (i.e. acid-base catalysis). ε-¹⁵N-lysine TS was prepared to access the protonation state of βLys87 using ¹⁵N solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (SSNMR) spectroscopy for three quasi-stable intermediates along the reaction pathway. These experiments establish that the protonation state of the ε-amino group switches between protonated and neutral states as the β-site undergoes conversion from one intermediate to the next during catalysis, corresponding to mechanistic steps where this lysine residue has been anticipated to play alternating acid and base catalytic roles that help steer reaction specificity in tryptophan synthase catalysis. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Cofactor-dependent proteins: evolution, chemical diversity and bio-applications. Guest Editors: Andrea Mozzarelli and Loredano Pollegioni.
authors: Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
authors: Bethany G
authors: BG
authors: Caulkins
authors: Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
authors: Chen
authors: C
authors: Yang
authors: Department of Biochemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
authors: Eduardo
authors: E
authors: Hilario
authors: Department of Biochemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
authors: Li
authors: L
authors: Fan
authors: Department of Biochemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA. Electronic address: michael.dunn@ucr.edu.
authors: Michael F
authors: MF
authors: Dunn
authors: Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA. Electronic address: leonard.mueller@ucr.edu.
authors: Leonard J
authors: LJ
authors: Mueller
mesh_terms: D001665:Binding Sites; D055162:Biocatalysis; D008958:Models, Molecular; D019906:Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular; D012486:Salmonella typhimurium / Q000201:enzymology*; D014367:Tryptophan Synthase / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D014367:Tryptophan Synthase
keywords: Acid–base catalysis; Pyridoxal-5′-phosphate; Solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance; Tryptophan synthase