title: The transmaxillary endoscopic approach to the inferior part of the orbit: how I do it.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Transmaxillary endoscopic approach to the inferior part of the orbit was demonstrated on cadaveric preparations; however, its clinical application has not been reported. We describe a clinically useful technique of the transmaxillary approach to the lower orbit.
  
  
  METHODS
  A four-hand technique is essential for extensive preparation within the orbit; therefore, the tools have to be introduced into the maxillary sinus through two ports: either through the canine fossa and antrostomy or through antrostomy using the bi-nostril transseptal approach.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intraorbital pathologies located in the inferior retrobulbar space can be successfully operated on using the transmaxillary endoscopic approach.
authors: Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of Bialystok, M. Sklodowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276, Bialystok, Poland, lyson_t@vp.pl.
authors: Tomasz
authors: T
authors: Lyson
authors: Andrzej
authors: A
authors: Sieskiewicz
authors: Marek
authors: M
authors: Rogowski
authors: Zenon
authors: Z
authors: Mariak
mesh_terms: D004724:Endoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008443:Maxillary Sinus / Q000601:surgery*; D009296:Nasal Cavity / Q000601:surgery*; D009915:Orbit / Q000601:surgery*