title: Prevalence of Dementia in People Aged 60 Years and Above: Results from the WiSE Study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The challenge of an aging population with its expected attendant problem of an increase in the number of people with dementia is a growing concern across the world.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aims of this study were to establish the prevalence and risk factors of dementia in Singapore among the elderly resident population (aged 60 years and above).
  
  
  METHODS
  The WiSE study was a comprehensive single phase, cross-sectional, epidemiological survey that adapted the 10/66 protocol to establish the 10/66 and the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of mental disorders -fourth edition (DSM-IV) diagnosis of dementia. 10/66 and DSM-IV dementia diagnosis as established by the survey questionnaires was validated by comparing against a gold standard of clinical assessment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 2,565 respondents completed the study giving a response rate of 65.6%. The validity of 10/66 dementia was higher (sensitivity = 95.6%, specificity = 81.8%) than that of DSM-IV dementia (sensitivity = 75.6%, specificity = 88.6%) when compared against the clinical gold standard. The study found that the prevalence of 10/66 dementia was 10% in the older adult population while the prevalence of DSM-IV dementia was 4.6%. Older age (75 years and above); no formal education, or completed primary education (versus higher education); homemaker and retired status (versus employed); and a history of stroke were associated with a higher risk of 10/66 dementia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The establishment of accurate data on the number of people with dementia is essential in the planning of services and initiatives.
authors: Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore.
authors: Mythily
authors: M
authors: Subramaniam
authors: Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore.
authors: Siow Ann
authors: SA
authors: Chong
authors: Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore.
authors: Janhavi Ajit
authors: JA
authors: Vaingankar
authors: Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore.
authors: Edimansyah
authors: E
authors: Abdin
authors: Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore.
authors: Boon Yiang
authors: BY
authors: Chua
authors: Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore.
authors: Hong Choon
authors: HC
authors: Chua
authors: Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.
authors: Goi Khia
authors: GK
authors: Eng
authors: Ministry of Health, Singapore, Singapore.
authors: Derrick
authors: D
authors: Heng
authors: Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore.
authors: Soo Boon
authors: SB
authors: Hia
authors: Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore.
authors: Wanping
authors: W
authors: Huang
authors: Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore.
authors: Anitha
authors: A
authors: Jeyagurunathana
authors: Raffles Medical Group, Singapore, Singapore.
authors: Joshua
authors: J
authors: Kua
authors: Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore.
authors: Siau Pheng
authors: SP
authors: Lee
authors: National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore.
authors: Rathi
authors: R
authors: Mahendran
authors: Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore.
authors: Harish
authors: H
authors: Magadi
authors: Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore.
authors: Srinivasa
authors: S
authors: Malladi
authors: Changi General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.
authors: Paul
authors: P
authors: McCrone
authors: Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore.
authors: Shirlene
authors: S
authors: Pang
authors: Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore.
authors: Louisa
authors: L
authors: Picco
authors: Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore.
authors: Vathsala
authors: V
authors: Sagayadevan
authors: Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore.
authors: Rajeswari
authors: R
authors: Sambasivam
authors: Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore.
authors: Kok Han
authors: KH
authors: Seng
authors: Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore.
authors: Esmond
authors: E
authors: Seow
authors: Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore.
authors: Saleha
authors: S
authors: Shafie
authors: Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore.
authors: Shazana
authors: S
authors: Shahwan
authors: Changi General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.
authors: Lay Ling
authors: LL
authors: Tan
authors: Ministry of Health, Singapore, Singapore.
authors: Mabel
authors: M
authors: Yap
authors: Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore.
authors: YunJue
authors: Y
authors: Zhang
authors: Changi General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.
authors: Li Ling
authors: LL
authors: Ng
authors: King's College London, UK.
authors: Martin
authors: M
authors: Prince
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003704:Dementia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D039721:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; D004522:Educational Status; D004651:Employment; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012846:Singapore / Q000453:epidemiology; D020521:Stroke / Q000453:epidemiology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: 10/66; DSM-IV; Singapore; dementia; multi-ethnic; prevalence