title: Integrated quantum dot barcode smartphone optical device for wireless multiplexed diagnosis of infected patients.
abstract: Inorganic nanoparticles are ideal precursors for engineering barcodes for rapidly detecting diseases. Despite advances in the chemical design of these barcodes, they have not advanced to clinical use because they lack sensitivity and are not cost-effective due to requirement of a large read-out system. Here we combined recent advances in quantum dot barcode technology with smartphones and isothermal amplification to engineer a simple and low-cost chip-based wireless multiplex diagnostic device. We characterized the analytical performance of this device and demonstrated that the device is capable of detecting down to 1000 viral genetic copies per milliliter, and this enabled the diagnosis of patients infected with HIV or hepatitis B. More importantly, the barcoding enabled us to detect multiple infectious pathogens simultaneously, in a single test, in less than 1 h. This multiplexing capability of the device enables the diagnosis of infections that are difficult to differentiate clinically due to common symptoms such as a fever or rash. The integration of quantum dot barcoding technology with a smartphone reader provides a capacity for global surveillance of infectious diseases and the potential to accelerate knowledge exchange transfer of emerging or exigent disease threats with healthcare and military organizations in real time.
authors: †Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, ‡Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, Departments of §Chemistry, ∥Chemical Engineering, ⊥Materials Science and Engineering, #Department of Immunology, ¶Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, and △Sandra Rotman Centre for Global Health, University of Toronto, 160 College Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada.
authors: Kevin
authors: K
authors: Ming
authors: †Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, ‡Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, Departments of §Chemistry, ∥Chemical Engineering, ⊥Materials Science and Engineering, #Department of Immunology, ¶Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, and △Sandra Rotman Centre for Global Health, University of Toronto, 160 College Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada.
authors: Jisung
authors: J
authors: Kim
authors: †Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, ‡Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, Departments of §Chemistry, ∥Chemical Engineering, ⊥Materials Science and Engineering, #Department of Immunology, ¶Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, and △Sandra Rotman Centre for Global Health, University of Toronto, 160 College Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada.
authors: Mia J
authors: MJ
authors: Biondi
authors: †Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, ‡Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, Departments of §Chemistry, ∥Chemical Engineering, ⊥Materials Science and Engineering, #Department of Immunology, ¶Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, and △Sandra Rotman Centre for Global Health, University of Toronto, 160 College Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada.
authors: Abdullah
authors: A
authors: Syed
authors: †Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, ‡Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, Departments of §Chemistry, ∥Chemical Engineering, ⊥Materials Science and Engineering, #Department of Immunology, ¶Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, and △Sandra Rotman Centre for Global Health, University of Toronto, 160 College Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada.
authors: Kun
authors: K
authors: Chen
authors: †Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, ‡Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, Departments of §Chemistry, ∥Chemical Engineering, ⊥Materials Science and Engineering, #Department of Immunology, ¶Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, and △Sandra Rotman Centre for Global Health, University of Toronto, 160 College Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada.
authors: Albert
authors: A
authors: Lam
authors: †Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, ‡Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, Departments of §Chemistry, ∥Chemical Engineering, ⊥Materials Science and Engineering, #Department of Immunology, ¶Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, and △Sandra Rotman Centre for Global Health, University of Toronto, 160 College Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada.
authors: Mario
authors: M
authors: Ostrowski
authors: †Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, ‡Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, Departments of §Chemistry, ∥Chemical Engineering, ⊥Materials Science and Engineering, #Department of Immunology, ¶Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, and △Sandra Rotman Centre for Global Health, University of Toronto, 160 College Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada.
authors: Anu
authors: A
authors: Rebbapragada
authors: †Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, ‡Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, Departments of §Chemistry, ∥Chemical Engineering, ⊥Materials Science and Engineering, #Department of Immunology, ¶Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, and △Sandra Rotman Centre for Global Health, University of Toronto, 160 College Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada.
authors: Jordan J
authors: JJ
authors: Feld
authors: †Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, ‡Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, Departments of §Chemistry, ∥Chemical Engineering, ⊥Materials Science and Engineering, #Department of Immunology, ¶Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, and △Sandra Rotman Centre for Global Health, University of Toronto, 160 College Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada.
authors: Warren C W
authors: WC
authors: Chan
mesh_terms: D005456:Fluorescent Dyes / Q000737:chemistry; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000175:diagnosis*; D006509:Hepatitis B / Q000175:diagnosis*; D006801:Humans; D055096:Optical Devices; D045663:Quantum Dots / Q000737:chemistry; D000068997:Smartphone; D059015:Wireless Technology
chemical_list: D005456:Fluorescent Dyes
keywords: diagnostics; infectious disease; nanoparticle; point-of-care; quantum dot barcode; smartphone; wireless