title: Phenylalanine and LED lights enhance phenolic compound production in Tartary buckwheat sprouts.
abstract: The present study aimed to investigate the effects of different l-phenylalanine (l-Phe) concentrations and various light-emitting diodes (LEDs) on the accumulation of phenolic compounds (chlorogenic acid, vitexin, rutin, quercetin, cyanidin 3-O-glucoside, and cyanidin 3-O-rutinoside) in Tartary buckwheat sprouts. We found that 5mM was the optimum l-Phe concentration for the synthesis of total and individual phenolic compounds. The highest rutin (53.09 mg/g DW) and chlorogenic acid (5.62 mg/g DW) content was observed with Red+Blue and white lights. Comprehensive differences in total and individual anthocyanin content were observed between different lights; however, the total anthocyanin content (9.12 mg/g DW) was 1.5-fold higher in blue light. The expression levels of regulatory genes, such as FtDFR and FtANS, were 7.1-fold higher with l-Phe treatment. Gene expression results showed that the phenolic compounds in Tartary buckwheat sprouts increased with the use of l-Phe and LED lights.
authors: Department of Bio-Environmental Chemistry, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-Ro, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon 305-764, Republic of Korea.
authors: Jeong-Min
authors: JM
authors: Seo
authors: Department of Botany and Microbiology, Addiriyah Chair for Environmental Studies, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
authors: Mariadhas Valan
authors: MV
authors: Arasu
authors: Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-Ro, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon 305-764, Republic of Korea.
authors: Yeon-Bok
authors: YB
authors: Kim
authors: Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-Ro, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon 305-764, Republic of Korea.
authors: Sang Un
authors: SU
authors: Park
authors: Department of Bio-Environmental Chemistry, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-Ro, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon 305-764, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: kimsunju@cnu.ac.kr.
authors: Sun-Ju
authors: SJ
authors: Kim
mesh_terms: D000872:Anthocyanins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D019612:Fagopyrum / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000528:radiation effects*; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D008027:Light; D010649:Phenylalanine / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000872:Anthocyanins; D005419:Flavonoids; D010649:Phenylalanine
keywords: LED light; Phenolic compounds; Regulatory genes; Tartary buckwheat; l-Phenylalanine