title: Depressive symptoms in patients diagnosed with benign prostatic hyperplasia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Symptoms of depression are common in patients diagnosed with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and are usually a reaction to deterioration of health, severity of lower urinary tract symptoms, and erectile dysfunction. The aim of this observational study was to evaluate the prevalence of depressive symptoms in patients diagnosed with BPH and factors affecting their occurrence in a large Polish cohort.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four thousand thirty-five men (4,035) diagnosed with BPH participated in the survey (age 65 ± 8 years). The occurrence of symptoms of depression was assessed using the Beck depression inventory, severity of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) on the basis of the international prostate symptoms score, and erectile dysfunction using the international index of erectile function (IIEF-5).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Depressive symptoms were found in 22.4% of patients (mild in 20.8% and moderate/severe in 1.6%). Erectile dysfunction was found in 71.9% of patients. Monotherapy for BPH was prescribed to 50.9% of patients (mostly ARA-selective α1-selective alpha-adrenolytic-47.5%), while polytherapy (ARA with a 5-alpha reductase inhibitor-5αRI) to 47.9%. Logistic regression analysis showed a bidirectional relation between the occurrence of depressive symptoms and erectile dysfunction. The occurrence of both depressive symptoms and erectile dysfunction was related to severity of LUTS, nocturia, the use of 5αRI, comorbidity, and sedentary life style.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Prevalence of depressive symptoms in patients diagnosed with BPH is associated with severity of LUTS, erectile dysfunction, nocturia, BPH pharmacotherapy (5αRIs), sedentary life style, and comorbidities including obesity.
authors: Pathophysiology Unit, Department of Pathophysiology, Medical Faculty in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 18 Medyków Street, 40-752, Katowice, Poland.
authors: Barbara
authors: B
authors: Pietrzyk
authors: Magdalena
authors: M
authors: Olszanecka-Glinianowicz
authors: Aleksander
authors: A
authors: Owczarek
authors: Tomasz
authors: T
authors: Gabryelewicz
authors: Agnieszka
authors: A
authors: Almgren-Rachtan
authors: Andrzej
authors: A
authors: Prajsner
authors: Jerzy
authors: J
authors: Chudek
mesh_terms: D058891:5-alpha Reductase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015897:Comorbidity; D003863:Depression / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D007172:Erectile Dysfunction / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D059411:Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology; D011044:Poland / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D011470:Prostatic Hyperplasia / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000523:psychology*; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012307:Risk Factors; D057185:Sedentary Behavior; D012720:Severity of Illness Index
chemical_list: D058891:5-alpha Reductase Inhibitors