title: Proteins S100A8 and S100A9 are potential biomarkers for renal cell carcinoma in the early stages: results from a proteomic study integrated with bioinformatics analysis.
abstract: In order to investigate the two members of the EF‑hand Ca2+ binding protein S100 family, S100A8 and S100A9, in renal cell carcinoma (RCC), serum samples were collected from patients with RCC, transitional cell carcinoma in the kidney, benign renal masses and normal controls. The samples were analyzed by isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification technology to identify the differential expression of S100A8 and S100A9 in the respective groups. Hierarchical clustering analysis was then conducted for the samples and the relevant selected gene. The cross‑platform analysis for the external validation was performed by means of The Cancer Genome Atlas database, containing the gene/microRNA expression pattern and clinical information of patients with RCC. Immunohistochemical staining was used to verify the expression of S100A8 and S100A9 in the four groups. As a result, serum and mRNA expression levels of S100A8 and S100A9 were found to be upregulated in patients with RCC compared with the other three groups, which was consistent with the result of the upregulated expression of mRNA levels in RCC tissue. The overexpression of S100A8 and S100A9 in cancer cells was also confirmed by immunohistochemistry. In addition, bioinformatics revealed that let‑7, a microRNA formerly identified as an inhibiting factor of RCC was downregulated in RCC, which contrasted with S100A8. It was also complementary to the sequence at the 3' untranslated region terminal of S100A8. Therefore, indicating that S100A8 and S100A9 may serve as biomarkers for the detection of RCC.
authors: Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China.
authors: Limin
authors: L
authors: Zhang
authors: Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China.
authors: Haowen
authors: H
authors: Jiang
authors: Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China.
authors: Gang
authors: G
authors: Xu
authors: Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China.
authors: Hui
authors: H
authors: Wen
authors: Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China.
authors: Bin
authors: B
authors: Gu
authors: Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China.
authors: Jun
authors: J
authors: Liu
authors: Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China.
authors: Shanghua
authors: S
authors: Mao
authors: Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China.
authors: Rong
authors: R
authors: Na
authors: Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China.
authors: Yan
authors: Y
authors: Jing
authors: Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China.
authors: Qiang
authors: Q
authors: Ding
authors: Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China.
authors: Yuanfang
authors: Y
authors: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics; D040501:Calgranulin A / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics*; D040502:Calgranulin B / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics*; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology*; D019295:Computational Biology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D040901:Proteomics; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics; D015854:Up-Regulation; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D040501:Calgranulin A; D040502:Calgranulin B; D012333:RNA, Messenger