title: Burden of serious fungal infections in Spain.
abstract: Estimates of the incidence and prevalence of serious fungal infections, based on epidemiological data, are essential in order to inform public health priorities given the lack of resources dedicated to the diagnosis and treatment of these serious fungal diseases. However, epidemiology of these infections is largely unknown, except for candidaemia and cryptococcosis. The aim of this work is to calculate the burden of serious fungal infections in Spain. All published epidemiology papers reporting fungal infection rates from Spain were identified. Where no data existed, we used specific populations at risk and fungal infection frequencies in those populations to estimate national incidence or prevalence, depending on the condition. Around 8.1 million people suffer a fungal infection every year. Most of them are skin or mucosal infections causing no deaths. Candidaemia is more common than in other European countries and has risen by 1.88-fold in frequency in the last decade (8.1 cases × 100,000). Good estimates of invasive aspergillosis (2.75 cases × 100,000) and mucormycosis (0.04 × 100,000) are available. Fungal infections with a high mortality such as invasive aspergillosis, candidaemia, Pneumocystis pneumonia and mucormycosis are not numerous in Spain, but they affect those with severe underlying diseases and are therefore linked to poor outcomes. Additional studies are required, especially for high burden diseases such as recurrent thrush in women (∼9000 cases × 100,000 women), allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (126 cases × 100,000) and severe asthma with fungal sensitisation (198 cases × 100,000).
authors: National Center for Microbiology, Madrid, Spain. Electronic address: jlrtudela@gmail.com.
authors: J L
authors: JL
authors: Rodriguez-Tudela
authors: National Center for Microbiology, Madrid, Spain; Spanish Network for the Research in Infectious Diseases (REIPI RD12/0015), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Alastruey-Izquierdo
authors: National Center for Microbiology, Madrid, Spain.
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Gago
authors: National Center for Microbiology, Madrid, Spain; Spanish Network for the Research in Infectious Diseases (REIPI RD12/0015), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Cuenca-Estrella
authors: Intensive Care Unit - Valme University Hospital, University of Seville, Seville, Spain.
authors: C
authors: C
authors: León
authors: Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Clinic-IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
authors: J M
authors: JM
authors: Miro
authors: Department of Respiratory Medicine, 12 Octubre University Hospital, Madrid, Spain.
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Nuñez Boluda
authors: Infectious Diseases Department Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain.
authors: I
authors: I
authors: Ruiz Camps
authors: Cystic Fibrosis and Lung Transplant Unit, La Fe University Hospital, Valencia, Spain.
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Sole
authors: The National Aspergillosis Centre, University Hospital of South Manchester and The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
authors: D W
authors: DW
authors: Denning
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009181:Mycoses / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015995:Prevalence; D013030:Spain / Q000453:epidemiology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D016019:Survival Analysis; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: ABPA; Pneumocystis pneumonia; SAFS; aspergillosis; burden; candidiasis; cryptococcosis; fungal infections; histoplasmosis; mucormycosis