title: Application of metabolomics in autoimmune diseases: insight into biomarkers and pathology.
abstract: Metabolomics has recently become a new technology using mass spectrometry (MS) and high-resolution proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) to access metabolite profiles in biofluids or tissue extracts for the detection of biomarker molecules and biochemical effects induced by a disease or its therapeutic intervention. This review outlines recent advances in the use of metabolomic techniques to study autoimmune diseases (ADs), including multiple sclerosis (MS), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), autoimmune diabetes et al. Many studies have demonstrated that AD patients including subtypes of some diseases, and healthy individuals can be distinguished using metabolic profiling accompanied with well-established data analysis tools including principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares (PLS). These metabolites not only affect glucose, amino acid and lipid metabolism, but also involve alteration of neurotransmitters, nucleotides, immune responses and anti-inflammatory responses. Knowledge of unique metabolomic fingerprint in ADs could be useful for diagnosis, treatment, and detection mechanisms of diseases.
authors: Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China.
authors: Jian
authors: J
authors: Kang
authors: Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China.
authors: Ling
authors: L
authors: Zhu
authors: Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China.
authors: Jingli
authors: J
authors: Lu
authors: Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China. Electronic address: firstph@163.com.
authors: Xiaojian
authors: X
authors: Zhang
mesh_terms: D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D055432:Metabolomics
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers
keywords: Autoimmune diseases; Biomarkers; Mass spectrometry; Metabolomics; Nuclear magnetic resonance