title: Preparing for Euro 2012: developing a hazard risk assessment.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Risk assessment is a vital step in the disaster-preparedness continuum as it is the foundation of subsequent phases, including mitigation, response, and recovery.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To develop a risk assessment tool geared specifically towards the Union of European Football Associations (UEFA) Euro 2012.
  
  
  METHODS
  In partnership with the Donetsk National Medical University, Donetsk Research and Development Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Donetsk Regional Public Health Administration, and the Ministry of Emergency of Ukraine, a table-based tool was created, which, based on historical evidence, identifies relevant potential threats, evaluates their impacts and likelihoods on graded scales based on previous available data, identifies potential mitigating shortcomings, and recommends further mitigation measures.
  
  
  RESULTS
  This risk assessment tool has been applied in the vulnerability-assessment-phase of the UEFA Euro 2012. Twenty-three sub-types of potential hazards were identified and analyzed. Ten specific hazards were recognized as likely to very likely to occur, including natural disasters, bombing and blast events, road traffic collisions, and disorderly conduct. Preventative measures, such as increased stadium security and zero tolerance for impaired driving, were recommended. Mitigating factors were suggested, including clear, incident-specific preparedness plans and enhanced inter-agency communication.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This hazard risk assessment tool is a simple aid in vulnerability assessment, essential for disaster preparedness and response, and may be applied broadly to future international events.
authors: 1Centre for Global Surgery,McGill University Health Centre,Montreal,Quebec,Canada.
authors: Evan G
authors: EG
authors: Wong
authors: 1Centre for Global Surgery,McGill University Health Centre,Montreal,Quebec,Canada.
authors: Tarek
authors: T
authors: Razek
authors: 1Centre for Global Surgery,McGill University Health Centre,Montreal,Quebec,Canada.
authors: Artem
authors: A
authors: Luhovy
authors: 2Donetsk Research and Development Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics,Donetsk National Medical University,Donetsk,Ukraine.
authors: Irina
authors: I
authors: Mogilevkina
authors: 2Donetsk Research and Development Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics,Donetsk National Medical University,Donetsk,Ukraine.
authors: Yuriy
authors: Y
authors: Prudnikov
authors: 2Donetsk Research and Development Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics,Donetsk National Medical University,Donetsk,Ukraine.
authors: Fedor
authors: F
authors: Klimovitskiy
authors: 2Donetsk Research and Development Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics,Donetsk National Medical University,Donetsk,Ukraine.
authors: Yuriy
authors: Y
authors: Yutovets
authors: 1Centre for Global Surgery,McGill University Health Centre,Montreal,Quebec,Canada.
authors: Kosar A
authors: KA
authors: Khwaja
authors: 1Centre for Global Surgery,McGill University Health Centre,Montreal,Quebec,Canada.
authors: Dan L
authors: DL
authors: Deckelbaum
mesh_terms: D004189:Disaster Planning / Q000458:organization & administration*; D004632:Emergency Medical Services / Q000458:organization & administration*; D005062:European Union; D006801:Humans; D011635:Public Health Administration; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000379:methods*; D012916:Soccer
keywords: CGS Center for Global Surgery; EMS Emergency Medical Services; MGE mass-gathering event; UEFA Union of European Football Associations; WHO World Health Organization; risk assessment