title: The role of inflammation in perinatal brain injury.
abstract: Inflammation is increasingly recognized as being a critical contributor to both normal development and injury outcome in the immature brain. The focus of this Review is to highlight important differences in innate and adaptive immunity in immature versus adult brain, which support the notion that the consequences of inflammation will be entirely different depending on context and stage of CNS development. Perinatal brain injury can result from neonatal encephalopathy and perinatal arterial ischaemic stroke, usually at term, but also in preterm infants. Inflammation occurs before, during and after brain injury at term, and modulates vulnerability to and development of brain injury. Preterm birth, on the other hand, is often a result of exposure to inflammation at a very early developmental phase, which affects the brain not only during fetal life, but also over a protracted period of postnatal life in a neonatal intensive care setting, influencing critical phases of myelination and cortical plasticity. Neuroinflammation during the perinatal period can increase the risk of neurological and neuropsychiatric disease throughout childhood and adulthood, and is, therefore, of concern to the broader group of physicians who care for these individuals.
authors: 1] Centre for the Developing Brain, Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, King's Health Partners, St Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, UK. [2] Perinatal Center, Institute of Physiology and Neurosciences and Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 435 43 Gothenburg, Sweden.
authors: Henrik
authors: H
authors: Hagberg
authors: Perinatal Center, Institute of Physiology and Neurosciences and Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 435 43 Gothenburg, Sweden.
authors: Carina
authors: C
authors: Mallard
authors: Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
authors: Donna M
authors: DM
authors: Ferriero
authors: Department of Pediatrics/Newborn Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA.
authors: Susan J
authors: SJ
authors: Vannucci
authors: Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, RBHS-New Jersey Medical School, Cancer Center, H-1226 205 South Orange Avenue, Newark, NJ 07103, USA.
authors: Steven W
authors: SW
authors: Levison
authors: Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
authors: Zinaida S
authors: ZS
authors: Vexler
authors: Inserm, U1141, Paris 75019, France.
authors: Pierre
authors: P
authors: Gressens
mesh_terms: D056704:Adaptive Immunity; D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000254:growth & development / Q000276:immunology*; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000150:complications / Q000276:immunology*; D004660:Encephalitis / Q000150:complications / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D005333:Fetus; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D018836:Inflammation Mediators