title: Seawater mesocosm experiments in the Arctic uncover differential transfer of marine bacteria to aerosols.
abstract: Biogenic aerosols critically control atmospheric processes. However, although bacteria constitute major portions of living matter in seawater, bacterial aerosolization from oceanic surface layers remains poorly understood. We analysed bacterial diversity in seawater and experimentally generated aerosols from three Kongsfjorden sites, Svalbard. Construction of 16S rRNA gene clone libraries from paired seawater and aerosol samples resulted in 1294 sequences clustering into 149 bacterial and 34 phytoplankton operational taxonomic units (OTUs). Bacterial communities in aerosols differed greatly from corresponding seawater communities in three out of four experiments. Dominant populations of both seawater and aerosols were Flavobacteriia, Alphaproteobacteria and Gammaproteobacteria. Across the entire dataset, most OTUs from seawater could also be found in aerosols; in each experiment, however, several OTUs were either selectively enriched in aerosols or little aerosolized. Notably, a SAR11 clade OTU was consistently abundant in the seawater, but was recorded in significantly lower proportions in aerosols. A strikingly high proportion of colony-forming bacteria were pigmented in aerosols compared with seawater, suggesting that selection during aerosolization contributes to explaining elevated proportions of pigmented bacteria frequently observed in atmospheric samples. Our findings imply that atmospheric processes could be considerably influenced by spatiotemporal variations in the aerosolization efficiency of different marine bacteria.
authors: Centre for Ecology and Evolution in Microbial model Systems - EEMiS, Linnaeus University, Barlastgatan 11, SE-39182, Kalmar, Sweden.
authors: Camilla
authors: C
authors: Fahlgren
authors: Centre for Ecology and Evolution in Microbial model Systems - EEMiS, Linnaeus University, Barlastgatan 11, SE-39182, Kalmar, Sweden.
authors: Laura
authors: L
authors: Gómez-Consarnau
authors: Department of Analytical Chemistry and Environmental Science and the Bert Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 8, SE-11418, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors: Julia
authors: J
authors: Zábori
authors: Centre for Ecology and Evolution in Microbial model Systems - EEMiS, Linnaeus University, Barlastgatan 11, SE-39182, Kalmar, Sweden.
authors: Markus V
authors: MV
authors: Lindh
authors: Department of Analytical Chemistry and Environmental Science and the Bert Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 8, SE-11418, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors: Radovan
authors: R
authors: Krejci
authors: Department of Analytical Chemistry and Environmental Science and the Bert Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 8, SE-11418, Stockholm, Sweden.|Department of Earth Sciences, Uppsala University, Villavägen 16, SE-75236, Uppsala, Sweden.
authors: E Monica
authors: EM
authors: Mårtensson
authors: Department of Analytical Chemistry and Environmental Science and the Bert Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 8, SE-11418, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors: Douglas
authors: D
authors: Nilsson
authors: Centre for Ecology and Evolution in Microbial model Systems - EEMiS, Linnaeus University, Barlastgatan 11, SE-39182, Kalmar, Sweden.
authors: Jarone
authors: J
authors: Pinhassi
mesh_terms: D000336:Aerosols; D000391:Air Microbiology; D001110:Arctic Regions; D058448:Biota; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010802:Phylogeny; D010860:Pigments, Biological / Q000032:analysis; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics; D012623:Seawater / Q000382:microbiology*; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D013538:Svalbard
chemical_list: D000336:Aerosols; D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal; D010860:Pigments, Biological; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S