title: Sex-related differences in outcomes after hallux valgus surgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  With differences between the sexes in foot bone anatomy and ligamentous laxity, there is the possibility that the results of hallux valgus surgery may also differ between the sexes. We aimed to compare the results of hallux valgus surgery between the sexes.
  
  
  METHODS
  The authors retrospectively reviewed 60 males (66 feet) and 70 females (82 feet) who underwent distal or proximal chevron osteotomy for the treatment of hallux valgus deformity between June 2005 and December 2011. We compared the clinical and radiologic outcomes between the sexes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no statistically significant differences in demographics between the sexes. The mean American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society score, visual analogue scale for pain, and patient satisfaction at the last follow-up did not differ significantly between the sexes. The mean preoperative hallux valgus angle (HVA) and inter-metatarsal angle (IMA) were not significantly different between the sexes. At the last follow-up, the mean HVA was significantly greater in females (p=0.003) than in males; mean IMA was not significantly different between the sexes. The mean correction of HVA in males was significantly greater than that in females (p=0.014).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There were no significant differences between the sexes regarding clinical outcomes after distal and proximal chevron osteotomy. However, male patients achieved greater correction of HVA than female patients. There is a possibility that sexual dimorphism of the foot may affect postoperative HVA.
authors: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Korea.
authors: Gi Won
authors: GW
authors: Choi
authors: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Korea University College of Medicine, Guro Hospital, Seoul, Korea. hjunkimos@gmail.com.
authors: Hak Jun
authors: HJ
authors: Kim
authors: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Korea University College of Medicine, Guro Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
authors: Tae Wan
authors: TW
authors: Kim
authors: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Veterans Health Service Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.
authors: Ji Wun
authors: JW
authors: Lee
authors: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Veterans Health Service Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.
authors: Sung Bum
authors: SB
authors: Park
authors: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Veterans Health Service Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.
authors: Jin Kak
authors: JK
authors: Kim
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006215:Hallux Valgus / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008682:Metatarsal Bones / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010027:Osteotomy / Q000379:methods*; D010146:Pain; D010147:Pain Measurement; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D011184:Postoperative Period; D011859:Radiography; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012737:Sex Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: Hallux valgus; distal chevron osteotomy; gender; proximal chevron osteotomy