title: Associations between psychosocial factors and incidence of sexually transmitted disease among South African adolescents.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Adolescents living in South Africa are at high risk for HIV and other sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). The present study sought to identify correlates of curable STD incidence among a cohort of adolescents in Eastern Cape Province, South Africa.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were collected in conjunction with an HIV/STD prevention intervention randomized controlled trial. At 54 months postintervention, curable STD incidence (gonorrhea, chlamydial infection, and trichomoniasis) was assayed and self-report measures of potential correlates of STD incidence were collected.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Participants were adolescents reporting at least 1 sexual partner in the past 3 months (n = 659). As expected, univariate analyses revealed that girls were more likely than boys to have an STD. In addition, intimate partner violence, unprotected sex, and having older partners were associated with incident STD. In Poisson multiple regression analyses, sex (risk ratio [RR], 4.00; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.51-6.39), intimate partner violence (RR, 1.23; 95% CI, 1.12-1.35), unprotected sex (RR, 1.42; 95% CI, 1.09-2.01), and multiple partners (RR, 1.70; 95% CI, 1.11-2.61), but not partner's age (RR, 1.00; 95% CI, 0.94-1.07) were associated with incident STD, adjusting for 42-month STD prevalence. Binge drinking, forced sex, and age were unrelated to STD incidence in both analyses. Interactions between sex and the hypothesized correlates were nonsignificant, suggesting that sex did not modify these relationships.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Interventions to reduce HIV/STD incidence among adolescents in South Africa should address the risk associated with sex, unprotected sex, intimate partner violence, and multiple partnerships.
authors: From the *Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta GA; †University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; ‡Haverford College, Haverford, PA; Temple University, Philadelphia, PA; and ¶Centre for HIV and Sexually Transmitted Infections, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg, South Africa; and ║Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology & Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Westmead Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
authors: Ann
authors: A
authors: O'Leary
authors: John B
authors: JB
authors: Jemmott
authors: Loretta S
authors: LS
authors: Jemmott
authors: Anne
authors: A
authors: Teitelman
authors: G Anita
authors: GA
authors: Heeren
authors: Zolani
authors: Z
authors: Ngwane
authors: Larry D
authors: LD
authors: Icard
authors: David A
authors: DA
authors: Lewis
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D057566:Self Report; D012725:Sexual Behavior / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012749:Sexually Transmitted Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000523:psychology; D013019:South Africa / Q000453:epidemiology; D013179:Spouse Abuse / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires