title: The Alzheimer's disease cooperative study prevention instrument project: longitudinal outcome of behavioral measures as predictors of cognitive decline.
abstract: METHODS
  The Alzheimer's Disease Cooperative Study Prevention Instrument Project is a longitudinal study that recruited 644 cognitively healthy older subjects (aged between 75 and 93 years, 58% women) at baseline and evaluated their cognitive change over 4 years. The study was structured like a clinical trial to anticipate a prevention trial and to determine the performance of novel trial instruments in a longitudinal non-interventional trial framework. Behavioral symptoms were assessed at baseline.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The existence of participant-reported behavioral symptoms at baseline predicted conversion to Clinical Dementia Rating scale score ≥0.5 over the 4-year period.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results imply that early anxiety and depression may be harbingers of future cognitive decline, and that patients exhibiting such symptoms, even in the absence of co-occurring cognitive symptoms, should be closely followed over time.
authors: Cleveland Clinic Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health, Las Vegas, Nev., USA.
authors: Sarah Jane
authors: SJ
authors: Banks
authors: University of California, San Diego, Calif., USA.
authors: Rema
authors: R
authors: Raman
authors: University of California, San Diego, Calif., USA.
authors: Feng
authors: F
authors: He
authors: University of California, San Diego, Calif., USA.
authors: David P
authors: DP
authors: Salmon
authors: New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, N.Y., USA.
authors: Steven
authors: S
authors: Ferris
authors: University of California, San Diego, Calif., USA.
authors: Paul
authors: P
authors: Aisen
authors: Cleveland Clinic Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health, Las Vegas, Nev., USA.
authors: Jeffrey
authors: J
authors: Cummings
keywords: Aging; Alzheimer's disease; Anxiety; Depression; Mild cognitive impairment