title: Menace of childhood non-accidental traumatic brain injuries: A single unit report.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Childhood traumatic brain injury (TBI) has high rate of mortality and morbidity worldwide. There are dearths of reports from developing countries with large paediatric population on trauma; neurosurgery trauma of nonaccidental origin is not an exemption. This study analysed menace of non-accidental TBI in the paediatric population from our center.
  
  
  METHODS
  This is a single unit, retrospective study of the epidemiology of non-accidental TBI in children starting from September, 2008 to March, 2014. The management outcomes of the epidemiology of the non-accidental TBI were analysed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Total of 109 children age range from 0 (intra-natal) to 16 years with a mean of 5.8 ± 4.6 years (median, 5 years) were enrolled into the study. 34 (31.2%) were domestic violence, 26 (23.9%) street assaults, 16 (14.7%) were due to animal assaults and mishaps, 17 (15.6%) fall from heights. Seven (6.4%) cases of collapsed buildings were also seen during the period. Four (3.7%) industrial accidents and two (1.8%) were self-inflicted injuries. There were also three (2.8%) cases of iatrogenic TBI out of which two infants (1.8%) sustained TBI from cesarean section procedure while one patient (0.9%) under general anaesthesia felt from the operation bed resulting to severe TBI.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Child abuse, unprotected child labour, parental/care-givers negligence are the main cause of nonaccidental TBI. Human right activists and government agents should be incorporated in curtailing the menace.
authors: Department of Surgery, Murtala Mohammad Specialist Hospital, Kano, Nigeria.
authors: Musa
authors: M
authors: Ibrahim
authors: Adamu Ladan
authors: AL
authors: Mu'azu
authors: Nura
authors: N
authors: Idris
authors: Musa Uba
authors: MU
authors: Rabiu
authors: Binta Wudil
authors: BW
authors: Jibir
authors: Kabir Ibrahim
authors: KI
authors: Getso
authors: Mohammad Aminu
authors: MA
authors: Mohammad
authors: Femi Luqman
authors: FL
authors: Owolabi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D002648:Child; D002649:Child Abuse / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D006259:Craniocerebral Trauma / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D009549:Nigeria / Q000453:epidemiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000379:methods*; D012307:Risk Factors; D015996:Survival Rate / Q000639:trends; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed