title: Elevation of Tim-3 and PD-1 expression on T cells appears early in HIV infection, and differential Tim-3 and PD-1 expression patterns can be induced by common γ -chain cytokines.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore the association between differential Tim-3 and PD-1 expression patterns and HIV disease progression, and to investigate the impact of common γ-chain cytokines on Tim-3 and PD-1 expression patterns on T cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tim-3/PD-1 expression on the T cells of patients with early and chronic HIV infections was detected. The expression levels and functional profiles of T cells with differential Tim-3 and PD-1 expression patterns induced by γ-chain cytokines were studied.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The elevation of differential Tim-3 and PD-1 expression patterns on T cells appeared early in HIV infection. Co-expression of Tim-3 and PD-1 (Tim-3+PD-1+) correlates with more severe exhaustion of T cells during HIV infection. In vitro stimulation of common γ-chain cytokines can induce differential expression patterns of Tim-3 and PD-1 on T cells. The enhancement of Tim-3 and PD-1 expression by common γ-chain IL-2 can inhibit the function of T cells re-stimulated by HIV gag and TCR, not by the re-stimulation of IL-2.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The elevation of differential Tim-3 and PD-1 expression patterns on T cells represents a state of T cell exhaustion and can be induced by common γ-chain cytokines. These findings provide insights into HIV pathogenesis and help inform immune intervention strategies.
authors: Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China ; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou 310000, China.
authors: Zi-Ning
authors: ZN
authors: Zhang
authors: Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China ; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shenyang Fourth Hospital of the People, Shenyang 110031, China.
authors: Ming-Lu
authors: ML
authors: Zhu
authors: Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China ; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou 310000, China.
authors: Yan-Hong
authors: YH
authors: Chen
authors: Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China ; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou 310000, China.
authors: Ya-Jing
authors: YJ
authors: Fu
authors: Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China ; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou 310000, China.
authors: Tong-Wei
authors: TW
authors: Zhang
authors: Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China ; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou 310000, China.
authors: Yong-Jun
authors: YJ
authors: Jiang
authors: Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China ; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou 310000, China.
authors: Zhen-Xing
authors: ZX
authors: Chu
authors: Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China ; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou 310000, China.
authors: Hong
authors: H
authors: Shang
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D000072597:Hepatitis A Virus Cellular Receptor 2; D006801:Humans; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D061026:Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: C448908:HAVCR2 protein, human; D000072597:Hepatitis A Virus Cellular Receptor 2; C508594:IL2 protein, human; D007376:Interleukin-2; D008565:Membrane Proteins; C105992:PDCD1 protein, human; D061026:Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor