title: Long-term EEG in children.
abstract: Long-term video-EEG corresponds to a recording ranging from 1 to 24 h or even longer. It is indicated in the following situations: diagnosis of epileptic syndromes or unclassified epilepsy, pre-surgical evaluation for drug-resistant epilepsy, follow-up of epilepsy or in cases of paroxysmal symptoms whose etiology remains uncertain. There are some specificities related to paediatric care: a dedicated pediatric unit; continuous monitoring covering at least a full 24-hour period, especially in the context of pre-surgical evaluation; the requirement of presence by the parents, technician or nurse; and stronger attachment of electrodes (cup electrodes), the number of which is adapted to the age of the child. The chosen duration of the monitoring also depends on the frequency of seizures or paroxysmal events. The polygraphy must be adapted to the type and topography of movements. It is essential to have at least an electrocardiography (ECG) channel, respiratory sensor and electromyography (EMG) on both deltoids. There is no age limit for performing long-term video-EEG even in newborns and infants; nevertheless because of scalp fragility, strict surveillance of the baby's skin condition is required. In the specific context of pre-surgical evaluation, long-term video-EEG must record all types of seizures observed in the child. This monitoring is essential in order to develop hypotheses regarding the seizure onset zone, based on electroclinical correlations, which should be adapted to the child's age and the psychomotor development.
authors: Service épilepsie, sommeil et explorations fonctionnelles neuropédiatriques, hôpital Femme-Mère-Enfant, 59, boulevard Pinel, 69677 Lyon, France; Service de neurologie fonctionnelle et d'épileptologie, hôpital Neurologique P.-Wertheimer, 59, boulevard Pinel, 69677 Lyon, France. Electronic address: alexandra.montavont@chu-lyon.fr.
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Montavont
authors: Laboratoire de neurophysiologie clinique, hôpital Necker-Enfants-Malades, AP-HP, 149, rue de Sèvres, 75015 Paris, France; Inserm, U1129, 75015 Paris, France; Université Paris-Descartes, CEA, Neurospin, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France.
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Kaminska
authors: Laboratoire de neurophysiologie clinique, hôpital Necker-Enfants-Malades, AP-HP, 149, rue de Sèvres, 75015 Paris, France; Inserm, U1129, 75015 Paris, France; Université Paris-Descartes, CEA, Neurospin, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France.
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Soufflet
authors: Service de neurochirurgie pédiatrique, Fondation Rothschild, 25-29, rue Manin, 75019 Paris, France.
authors: D
authors: D
authors: Taussig
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002648:Child; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000379:methods*; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic; D013997:Time Factors; D014741:Video Recording
keywords: Bilan préchirurgical; Child; Drug-resistant epilepsy; Enfant; Epilepsy; Holter-EEG; Long-term Video-EEG recording; Pre-surgical evaluation; Vidéo-EEG prolongée; Épilepsie; Épilepsie pharmaco-résistante