title: Nucleotide second messenger-mediated regulation of a muralytic enzyme in Streptomyces.
abstract: Peptidoglycan degradative enzymes have important roles at many stages during the bacterial life cycle, and it is critical that these enzymes be stringently regulated to avoid compromising the integrity of the cell wall. How this regulation is exerted is of considerable interest: promoter-based control and protein-protein interactions are known to be employed; however, other regulatory mechanisms are almost certainly involved. In the actinobacteria, a class of muralytic enzymes - the 'resuscitation-promoting factors' (Rpfs) - orchestrates the resuscitation of dormant cells. In this study, we have taken a holistic approach to exploring the mechanisms governing RpfA function using the model bacterium Streptomyces coelicolor and have uncovered unprecedented multilevel regulation that is coordinated by three second messengers. Our studies show that RpfA is subject to transcriptional control by the cyclic AMP receptor protein, riboswitch-mediated transcription attenuation in response to cyclic di-AMP, and growth stage-dependent proteolysis in response to ppGpp accumulation. Furthermore, our results suggest that these control mechanisms are likely applicable to cell wall lytic enzymes in other bacteria.
authors: Department of Biology, Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
authors: Renée J
authors: RJ
authors: St-Onge
authors: Department of Biology, Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
authors: Henry J
authors: HJ
authors: Haiser
authors: Department of Biology, Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
authors: Mary R
authors: MR
authors: Yousef
authors: Department of Biology, Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
authors: Emma
authors: E
authors: Sherwood
authors: Department of Molecular Microbiology, John Innes Centre, Norwich, UK.
authors: Natalia
authors: N
authors: Tschowri
authors: Department of Molecular Microbiology, John Innes Centre, Norwich, UK.
authors: Mahmoud
authors: M
authors: Al-Bassam
authors: Department of Biology, Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
authors: Marie A
authors: MA
authors: Elliot
mesh_terms: D000154:Aconitate Hydratase / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D002473:Cell Wall / Q000378:metabolism; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000378:metabolism; D002373:Cyclic AMP Receptor Protein / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015964:Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; D006150:Guanine Nucleotides / Q000378:metabolism*; D009154:Mutation; D010457:Peptidoglycan / Q000378:metabolism*; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D058928:Riboswitch / Q000235:genetics; D015290:Second Messenger Systems; D048372:Streptomyces coelicolor / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D002373:Cyclic AMP Receptor Protein; D006150:Guanine Nucleotides; D010457:Peptidoglycan; D058928:Riboswitch; D000242:Cyclic AMP; D000154:Aconitate Hydratase; C105962:RpfA protein, bacteria