title: The INTERPRET-DD study of diabetes and depression: a protocol.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  People with diabetes are at an increased risk of developing depression and other psychological disorders. However, little is known about the prevalence, correlates or care pathways in countries other than the UK and the USA. A new study, the International Prevalence and Treatment of Diabetes and Depression Study (INTERPRET-DD) aims to address this dearth of knowledge and identify optimal pathways to care across the globe.
  
  
  METHODS
  INTERPRET-DD is a 2-year longitudinal study, taking place in 16 countries' diabetes outpatients' facilities, investigating the recognition and management of depressive disorders in people with Type 2 diabetes. Clinical interviews are used to diagnose depression, with clinical and other data obtained from medical records and through patient interviews. Pathways to care and the impact of treatment for previously unrecognized (undocumented) depression on clinical outcomes and emotional well-being are being investigated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Initial evidence indicates that a range of pathways to care exist, with few of them based on available recommendations for treatment. Pilot data indicates that the instruments we are using to measure both the symptoms and clinical diagnosis of depression are acceptable in our study population and easy to use.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study will increase the understanding of the impact of comorbid diabetes and depression and identify the most appropriate (country-specific) pathways via which patients receive their care. It addresses an important public health problem and leads to recommendations for best practice relevant to the different participating centres with regard to the identification and treatment of people with comorbid diabetes and depression.
authors: Faculty of Health & Social Care, The Open University, UK.
authors: C E
authors: CE
authors: Lloyd
authors: Association for the Improvement of Mental Health Programmes (AMH), Geneva, Switzerland.
authors: N
authors: N
authors: Sartorius
authors: Indiana University, USA.
authors: L C
authors: LC
authors: Cimino
authors: Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nuclear Medicine, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Alvarez
authors: Psychiatry Service, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Guinzbourg de Braude
authors: Department of Psychiatry, Popular Medical College, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Rabbani
authors: Child Adolescent & Family Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), Dhaka, Bangladesh.
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Uddin Ahmed
authors: Obesity and Eating Disorders Group - State Institute of Diabetes and Endocrinology of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Papelbaum
authors: Obesity and Eating Disorders Group - State Institute of Diabetes and Endocrinology of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Regina de Freitas
authors: Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, People's Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China.
authors: L
authors: L
authors: Ji
authors: Institute of Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, China.
authors: X
authors: X
authors: Yu
authors: Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Facility, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany.
authors: W
authors: W
authors: Gaebel
authors: Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Centre, Leibniz Centre for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany.|Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Müssig
authors: National Institute of Mental Health & Neurosciences, Bangalore, India.
authors: S K
authors: SK
authors: Chaturvedi
authors: Samatvam Endocrinology Diabetes Centre, Bangalore, India.|Jnana Sanjeevini Medical Centre, Bangalore, India.
authors: S S
authors: SS
authors: Srikanta
authors: Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of Verona, Brescia, Italy.
authors: L
authors: L
authors: Burti
authors: Unit of Psychiatry Epidemiology and Evaluation Unit, St John of God Clinical Research Centre, Brescia, Italy.
authors: V
authors: V
authors: Bulgari
authors: Africa Mental Health Foundation, Kenya.
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Musau
authors: University of Nairobi, Africa Mental Health Foundation, Kenya.
authors: D
authors: D
authors: Ndetei
authors: Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Heinze
authors: Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.
authors: F
authors: F
authors: Romo Nava
authors: Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan.
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Taj
authors: Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan.
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Khan
authors: Department of Psychiatry, Medical University, Warszawa, Poland.
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Kokoszka
authors: Department of Psychiatry, Medical University, Warszawa, Poland.
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Papasz-Siemieniuk
authors: Department of Endocrinology, Moscow Regional Clinical and Research Institute, Moscow, Russia.
authors: E G
authors: EG
authors: Starostina
authors: Moscow Research Institute of Psychiatry, Moscow, Russia.
authors: A E
authors: AE
authors: Bobrov
authors: Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Institute of Mental Health, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
authors: D
authors: D
authors: Lecic-Tosevski
authors: Clinic for Endocrinology, Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
authors: N M
authors: NM
authors: Lalic
authors: Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand.
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Udomratn
authors: Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Tangwongchai
authors: The Mother Kevin Post Graduate Medical School, Uganda Martyrs University, Kampala, Uganda.
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Bahendeka
authors: The Mother Kevin Post Graduate Medical School, Uganda Martyrs University, Kampala, Uganda.
authors: D
authors: D
authors: Basangwa
authors: Department of Diabetology, National Medical Academy for Postgraduate Education, Kiev, Ukraine.
authors: B
authors: B
authors: Mankovsky
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000554:Ambulatory Care Facilities; D015897:Comorbidity; D003863:Depression / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000628:therapy; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000628:therapy; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000628:therapy; D048909:Diabetes Complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D014943:Global Health; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D010865:Pilot Projects; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D015995:Prevalence; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012017:Referral and Consultation; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000628:therapy