title: Graded porous β-tricalcium phosphate scaffolds enhance bone regeneration in mandible augmentation.
abstract: Bone augmentation requires scaffold to promote forming of natural bone structure. Currently, most of the reported bone scaffolds are porous solids with uniform pores. The aim of the current study is to evaluate the effect of a graded porous β-tricalcium phosphate scaffolds on alveolar bone augmentation. Three groups of scaffolds were fabricated by a template-casting method: (1) graded porous scaffolds with large pores in the center and small pores at the periphery, (2) scaffolds with large uniform pores, and (3) scaffolds with small uniform pores. Bone augmentation on rabbit mandible was investigated by microcomputed tomography, sequential fluorescent labeling, and histologic examination 3 months after implantation.The result presents that all the scaffold groups maintain their augmented bone height after 3-month observation, whereas the autografting group presents an obvious bone resorption. Microcomputed tomography reveals that the graded porous group has significantly greater volume of new bone (P < 0.05) and similar bone density compared with the uniform pores groups. Bone substance distributes unevenly in all the 3 experimental groups. Greater bone volume can be observed in the area closer to the bone bed. The sequential fluorescent labeling observation reveals robust bone regeneration in the first month and faster bone growth in the graded porous scaffold group than that in the large porous scaffold group. Histologic examinations confirm bone structure in the aspect of distribution, activity, and maturity. We conclude that graded porous designed biodegradable β-tricalcium phosphate scaffolds are beneficial to promote bone augmentation in the aspect of bone volume.
authors: From the *Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China; †Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California; and ‡Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California.
authors: Jingwen
authors: J
authors: Yang
authors: Yunqing
authors: Y
authors: Kang
authors: Christopher
authors: C
authors: Browne
authors: Ting
authors: T
authors: Jiang
authors: Yunzhi
authors: Y
authors: Yang
mesh_terms: D000540:Alveolar Ridge Augmentation / Q000379:methods*; D000818:Animals; D015519:Bone Density / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001861:Bone Regeneration / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D002113:Calcification, Physiologic / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D002130:Calcium Phosphates / Q000737:chemistry*; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D008297:Male; D008334:Mandible / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D016062:Porosity; D011817:Rabbits; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000627:therapeutic use; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds / Q000737:chemistry*; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000627:therapeutic use; D055114:X-Ray Microtomography / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2; D002130:Calcium Phosphates; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; C485817:beta-tricalcium phosphate; C499469:recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2