title: Diagnosis of type 1 and type 2 myocardial infarction using a high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I assay with sex-specific 99th percentiles based on the third universal definition of myocardial infarction classification system.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The frequency and characteristics of myocardial infarction (MI) subtypes per the Third Universal Definition of MI (TUDMI) classification system using high-sensitivity (hs) cardiac troponin assays with sex-specific cutoffs is not well known. We sought to describe the diagnostic characteristics of type 1 (T1MI) and type 2 (T2MI) MI using an hs-cardiac troponin I (hs-cTnI) assay with sex-specific cutoffs.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 310 consecutive patients with serial cTnI measurements obtained on clinical indication were studied with contemporary and hs-cTnI assays. Ninety-ninth percentile sex-specific upper reference limits (URLs) for the hs-cTnI assay were 16 ng/L for females and 34 ng/L for males. The TUDMI consensus recommendations were used to define and adjudicate MI based on each URL.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 127 (41%) patients had at least 1 hs-cTnI exceeding the sex-specific 99th percentiles, whereas 183 (59%) had hs-cTnI within the reference interval. Females had more myocardial injury related to supply/demand ischemia than males (39% vs 18%, P = 0.01), whereas males had more multifactorial or indeterminate injury (52% vs 33%, P = 0.05). By hs-cTnI, there were 32 (10%) acute MIs, among which 10 (3%) were T1MI and 22 (7%) were T2MI. T2MI represented 69% (22 out of 32) of all acute MIs, whereas T1MI represented 31% (10 out of 32). Ninety-five patients (31%) had an increased hs-cTnI above the 99th percentile but did not meet criteria for acute MI. The most common triggers for T2MI were tachyarrhythmias, hypotension/shock, and hypertension. By contemporary cTnI, more MIs (14 T1MI and 29 T2MI) were diagnosed. By contemporary cTnI, there were 43 MIs, 14 T1MI, and 29 T2MI.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Fewer MI diagnoses were found with the hs-cTnI assay, contrary to the commonly accepted idea that hs-cTnI will lead to excessive false-positive diagnoses.
authors: Department of Medicine.
authors: Yader
authors: Y
authors: Sandoval
authors: Department of Emergency Medicine, and.
authors: Stephen W
authors: SW
authors: Smith
authors: Cardiac Biomarkers Trials Laboratory, Minneapolis Medical Research Foundation;
authors: Karen M
authors: KM
authors: Schulz
authors: Cardiac Biomarkers Trials Laboratory, Minneapolis Medical Research Foundation;
authors: MaryAnn M
authors: MM
authors: Murakami
authors: Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology; Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN.
authors: Sara A
authors: SA
authors: Love
authors: Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology; Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN.
authors: Jennifer
authors: J
authors: Nicholson
authors: Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology; Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN. apple004@umn.edu.
authors: Fred S
authors: FS
authors: Apple
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000465:Algorithms; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000097:blood* / Q000145:classification; D010865:Pilot Projects; D012016:Reference Values; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012737:Sex Factors; D019210:Troponin I / Q000097:blood*; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D019210:Troponin I