title: Higher serum testosterone and dihydrotestosterone, but not oestradiol, are independently associated with favourable indices of lung function in community-dwelling men.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Lower circulating androgens and poorer lung function are associated with increased cardiovascular risk and mortality in men. The association between androgens and lung function is unclear. We tested the hypothesis that circulating testosterone (T) and its metabolites dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and oestradiol (E2) are differentially associated with lung function in men.
  
  
  METHODS
  Early-morning serum T, DHT and E2 were assayed using mass spectrometry in 1768 community-dwelling men from Busselton, Western Australia. Forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC) were measured using spirometry. Linear regression models adjusting for age, height, smoking, exercise, body mass index, respiratory conditions and cardiovascular risk factors were used.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean age was 50.1 ± 16·8 years. 16·0% were current smokers, 14·1% reported a history of asthma and 2·7% reported chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Current smokers had higher T compared with never smokers (age-adjusted mean 14·5 vs 13·5 nmol/l, P = 0·002) and higher E2 (65·3 vs 60·1 pmol/l, P = 0·017). In fully adjusted analyses, T was associated with FEV1 (51 ml per 1 SD increase, P < 0·001) as was DHT (62 ml, P < 0·001), E2 was not (P = 0·926). Similar results were seen for FVC (T: 76 ml, P < 0·001; DHT: 65 ml, P < 0·001; E2 P = 0·664). Higher DHT was marginally associated with the ratio FEV1/FVC (0·3% per 1 SD increase, P = 0·047).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both T and DHT were independently associated with higher FEV1 and FVC in predominantly middle-aged community-dwelling men. Androgens may contribute to, or be biomarkers for, better lung function in men. Further research is needed to clarify whether androgens preserve lung function in ageing men.
authors: School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.|Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Fremantle and Fiona Stanley Hospitals, Perth, WA, Australia.
authors: Shalini S
authors: SS
authors: Mohan
authors: School of Population Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.
authors: Matthew W
authors: MW
authors: Knuiman
authors: School of Population Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.
authors: Mark L
authors: ML
authors: Divitini
authors: School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.|Department of Pulmonary Physiology and Sleep Medicine, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, WA, Australia.
authors: Alan L
authors: AL
authors: James
authors: School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.|School of Population Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.|Department of Respiratory Medicine, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, WA, Australia.
authors: Arthur W
authors: AW
authors: Musk
authors: ANZAC Research Institute and University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
authors: David J
authors: DJ
authors: Handelsman
authors: Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia.
authors: Jonathan
authors: J
authors: Beilin
authors: School of Population Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.|Busselton Population Medical Research Institute, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, WA, Australia.
authors: Michael
authors: M
authors: Hunter
authors: School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.|Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Fremantle and Fiona Stanley Hospitals, Perth, WA, Australia.
authors: Bu B
authors: BB
authors: Yeap
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000728:Androgens / Q000097:blood; D001249:Asthma / Q000150:complications; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis; D013196:Dihydrotestosterone / Q000097:blood*; D004958:Estradiol / Q000097:blood*; D005541:Forced Expiratory Volume; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008168:Lung / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D008875:Middle Aged; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000150:complications; D012129:Respiratory Function Tests; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking; D013147:Spirometry; D013739:Testosterone / Q000097:blood*; D014797:Vital Capacity; D014904:Western Australia
chemical_list: D000728:Androgens; D013196:Dihydrotestosterone; D013739:Testosterone; D004958:Estradiol