title: Family lifestyle and childhood obesity in an urban city of Northern Italy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Over the last decades, the prevalence of overweight and obesity in elementary school children has steadily increased worldwide. This phenomenon is also linked to food habits. The main purpose of our study was to understand the role that environmental factors may play in this context; in particular, we investigated how and to what extent family food habits and children lifestyle are associated with the spread of children obesity.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and nine primary schools, with 6-11-year-old children (n = 14,500), were recruited for this cross-sectional study in Milan (Italy). Children anthropometric data were measured and reported by parents; citizenship, fruit and vegetable consumption data of both parents and children were collected. Time spent watching television and doing physical activity was also investigated in children.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The study revealed that children's vegetable (not fruit) consumption was positively associated with physical activity, while negatively associated with time watching TV; in particular, fewer hours spent watching television were a stronger protective factor than more hours spent doing physical activity. Moreover, the parental feeding style was associated with children's attitudes toward consumption of fruit and vegetable. Family characteristics (family size and level of parents' education) and children gender were associated to the risk of being overweight/obese.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings support the relevance of environmental factors in childhood food consumption and BMI distribution among children in an urban city. This is the reason why we stress the need to design ad hoc interventions, which should be developed in accordance with the socio-economic peculiarities of a cosmopolitan city suburb.
authors: Department of Medicine and Sciences for Health, Molise University, Campobasso, Italy.
authors: Renata
authors: R
authors: Bracale
authors: Laura Emma
authors: LE
authors: Milani Marin
authors: Vincenzo
authors: V
authors: Russo
authors: Emma
authors: E
authors: Zavarrone
authors: Emanuela
authors: E
authors: Ferrara
authors: Claudia
authors: C
authors: Balzaretti
authors: Alessandra
authors: A
authors: Valerio
authors: Fabrizio
authors: F
authors: Pasanisi
authors: Enzo
authors: E
authors: Nisoli
authors: Michele O
authors: MO
authors: Carruba
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005247:Feeding Behavior / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000502:physiology*; D010290:Parents; D063766:Pediatric Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D013690:Television; D014505:Urban Population; D055815:Young Adult