title: Associations between global population health indicators and dialysis variables in the Monitoring Dialysis Outcomes (MONDO) consortium.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The number of patients receiving renal replacement therapy (RRT) increases annually and worldwide. Differences in the RRT incidence, prevalence, and modality vary between regions and countries for reasons yet to be clarified.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Gain a better understanding of the association between hemodialysis (HD)-related variables and general population global health indicators.
  
  
  METHODS
  The present study included prevalent HD patients from 27 countries/regions from the monitoring dialysis outcomes (MONDO) database from 2006-2011. Global population health indicators were obtained from the 2014 World Health Organization report and the Human Development Index from the Human Development Report Office 2014. The Spearman rank test was used to assess the correlations between population social economic indicators and HD variables.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 84,796 prevalent HD patients were included. Their mean age was 63 (country mean 52-71), and 60% were males (country mean 52-85%). Significant correlations were found between HD demographic clusters and population education, wealth, mortality, and health indicators. The cluster of nutrition and inflammation variables were also highly correlated with population mortality, wealth, and health indicators. Finally, cardiovascular, fluid management, and dialysis adequacy clusters were associated with education, wealth, and health care resource indicators.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We identified socioeconomic indicators that were correlated with dialysis variables. This hypothesis-generating study may be helpful in the analysis of how global health indicators may interfere with access to HD, treatment provision, dialytic treatment characteristics, and outcomes.
authors: School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil.
authors: Viviane
authors: V
authors: Calice-Silva
authors: Rasha
authors: R
authors: Hussein
authors: Dalia
authors: D
authors: Yousif
authors: Hanjie
authors: H
authors: Zhang
authors: Len
authors: L
authors: Usvyat
authors: Ludimila G
authors: LG
authors: Campos
authors: Gero
authors: G
authors: von Gersdorff
authors: Mathias
authors: M
authors: Schaller
authors: Danielle
authors: D
authors: Marcelli
authors: Aileen
authors: A
authors: Grassman
authors: Michael
authors: M
authors: Etter
authors: Xiaoqi
authors: X
authors: Xu
authors: Peter
authors: P
authors: Kotanko
authors: Roberto
authors: R
authors: Pecoits-Filho
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001826:Body Fluids / Q000378:metabolism; D016208:Databases, Factual; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000191:economics / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D006435:Renal Dialysis / Q000191:economics*; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D014944:World Health Organization