title: Studies of retroviral infection in humanized mice.
abstract: Many important aspects of human retroviral infections cannot be fully evaluated using only in vitro systems or unmodified animal models. An alternative approach involves the use of humanized mice, which consist of immunodeficient mice that have been transplanted with human cells and/or tissues. Certain humanized mouse models can support robust infection with human retroviruses including different strains of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and human T cell leukemia virus (HTLV). These models have provided wide-ranging insights into retroviral biology, including detailed information on primary infection, in vivo replication and pathogenesis, latent/persistent reservoir formation, and novel therapeutic interventions. Here we describe the humanized mouse models that are most commonly utilized to study retroviral infections, and outline some of the important discoveries that these models have produced during several decades of intensive research.
authors: Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
authors: Matthew D
authors: MD
authors: Marsden
authors: Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA. Electronic address: jzack@ucla.edu.
authors: Jerome A
authors: JA
authors: Zack
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions; D006801:Humans; D016513:Mice, SCID; D012190:Retroviridae / Q000254:growth & development / Q000472:pathogenicity / Q000502:physiology*; D012192:Retroviridae Infections / Q000473:pathology* / Q000821:virology*; D017735:Virus Latency; D014779:Virus Replication
keywords: Animal models; Gene therapy; HIV; HTLV; Humanized mice; Latency; Pathogenesis; SCID mouse