title: Control of cytoplasmic dynein force production and processivity by its C-terminal domain.
abstract: Cytoplasmic dynein is a microtubule motor involved in cargo transport, nuclear migration and cell division. Despite structural conservation of the dynein motor domain from yeast to higher eukaryotes, the extensively studied S. cerevisiae dynein behaves distinctly from mammalian dyneins, which produce far less force and travel over shorter distances. However, isolated reports of yeast-like force production by mammalian dynein have called interspecies differences into question. We report that functional differences between yeast and mammalian dynein are real and attributable to a C-terminal motor element absent in yeast, which resembles a 'cap' over the central pore of the mammalian dynein motor domain. Removal of this cap increases the force generation of rat dynein from 1 pN to a yeast-like 6 pN and greatly increases its travel distance. Our findings identify the CT-cap as a novel regulator of dynein function.
authors: Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology and Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, USA.
authors: Matthew P
authors: MP
authors: Nicholas
authors: Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York 10032, USA.
authors: Peter
authors: P
authors: Höök
authors: Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology and Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, USA.
authors: Sibylle
authors: S
authors: Brenner
authors: Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York 10032, USA.
authors: Caitlin L
authors: CL
authors: Wynne
authors: Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York 10032, USA.
authors: Richard B
authors: RB
authors: Vallee
authors: Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology and Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, USA.
authors: Arne
authors: A
authors: Gennerich
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000378:metabolism*; D004398:Dyneins / Q000737:chemistry*; D008958:Models, Molecular; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D051381:Rats
chemical_list: D004398:Dyneins