title: Hormonal and nonhormonal treatment of vasomotor symptoms.
abstract: This article focuses on the cause, pathophysiology, differential diagnosis of, and treatment options for vasomotor symptoms. In addition, it summarizes important points for health care providers caring for perimenopausal and postmenopausal women with regard to health maintenance, osteoporosis, cardiovascular disease, and vaginal atrophy. Treatment options for hot flashes with variable effectiveness include systemic hormone therapy (estrogen/progestogen), nonhormonal pharmacologic therapies (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, clonidine, gabapentin), and nonpharmacologic therapy options (behavioral changes, acupuncture). Risks and benefits as well as contraindications for hormone therapy are further discussed.
authors: Fertility and Endocrine Associates, 4121 Dutchman's Lane, Suite 414, Louisville, KY 40207, USA. Electronic address: ms.krause@yahoo.de.
authors: Miriam S
authors: MS
authors: Krause
authors: Stanford Fertility and Reproductive Medicine Center, 900 Welch Road, Suite 20, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.
authors: Steven T
authors: ST
authors: Nakajima
mesh_terms: D000316:Adrenergic alpha-Agonists / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003509:Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015914:Estrogen Replacement Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D005260:Female; D019584:Hot Flashes / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008593:Menopause / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D011372:Progestins / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014666:Vasomotor System / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000503:physiopathology; D016387:Women's Health
chemical_list: D000316:Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; D003509:Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids; D011372:Progestins
keywords: Estrogen; Menopause; Progestogen; SNRI; SSRI; Vasomotor symptoms