title: Altered uterine contractility in women with chronic endometritis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the alterations in endometrial waves (EW) originating from the contraction of the subendometrial myometrial layer in the periovulatory and midluteal phases in women diagnosed with chronic endometritis (CE).
  
  
  METHODS
  Case-control study.
  
  
  METHODS
  University hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-five women referred for hysteroscopy and diagnosed with CE.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three-minute recording of transvaginal ultrasound scanning on sagittal uterine plane at periovulatory (cycle days 11-14) and midluteal phase (cycle days 19-22).
  
  
  METHODS
  Direction and frequency of EW measured by transvaginal ultrasound scan.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The direction and frequency of EW were analyzed offline as accelerated (four to eight times normal speed) image sequences using video editing software, and the results were compared with 45 cycling women without CE. The EW pattern was significantly different when comparing the women with CE and controls at both the periovulatory and midluteal phases. During the periovulatory phase, we observed retrograde contractions in 26.7% versus 88%, anterograde in 24% versus 0, opposing in 22.7% versus 12%, not propagated in 13.3% versus 0, and absent in 13.3% versus 0, respectively, in the CE cases versus the control group. During the midluteal phase, we observed not propagated (41.3% vs. 61.3%), opposing (24% vs. 25.4%), absent (16.1% vs. 13.3%), anterograde (13.3% vs. 0), and retrograde (5.3% vs. 0), respectively, in the CE cases versus the control group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Women with CE show altered EW patterns in both the periovulatory and midluteal phases. Altered uterine contractility may aid in explaining the symptoms related to CE such as pain, abnormal uterine bleeding, infertility, and possibly endometriosis.
authors: Second Unit of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Biomedical and Human Oncological Science (DIMO), University of Bari, Bari, Italy.
authors: Vincenzo
authors: V
authors: Pinto
authors: Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy.
authors: Maria
authors: M
authors: Matteo
authors: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, San Bastiano Hospital, Bassano del Grappa, Italy.
authors: Raffaele
authors: R
authors: Tinelli
authors: Second Unit of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Biomedical and Human Oncological Science (DIMO), University of Bari, Bari, Italy.
authors: Paola C
authors: PC
authors: Mitola
authors: Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Medicine, Université Paris Descartes, Paris Sorbonne Cité-Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, CHU Cochin, Paris, France.
authors: Dominique
authors: D
authors: De Ziegler
authors: Second Unit of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Biomedical and Human Oncological Science (DIMO), University of Bari, Bari, Italy. Electronic address: ettore.cicinelli@uniba.it.
authors: Ettore
authors: E
authors: Cicinelli
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002908:Chronic Disease; D004716:Endometritis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015907:Hysteroscopy; D007247:Infertility, Female / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D008183:Luteal Phase / Q000502:physiology; D010060:Ovulation / Q000502:physiology; D014463:Ultrasonography; D014590:Uterine Contraction / Q000502:physiology*; D014599:Uterus / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000502:physiology* / Q000503:physiopathology
keywords: Chronic endometritis; endometrial waves; ultrasound; uterine contractility; uterine motility