title: Phylodynamic analysis of avian infectious bronchitis virus in South America.
abstract: Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is a coronavirus of chickens that causes great economic losses to the global poultry industry. The present study focuses on South American IBVs and their genetic relationships with global strains. We obtained full-length sequences of the S1 coding region and N gene of IBV field isolates from Uruguay and Argentina, and performed Phylodynamic analysis to characterize the strains and estimate the time of the most recent common ancestor. We identified two major South American genotypes, which were here denoted South America I (SAI) and Asia/South America II (A/SAII). The SAI genotype is an exclusive South American lineage that emerged in the 1960s. The A/SAII genotype may have emerged in Asia in approximately 1995 before being introduced into South America. Both SAI and A/SAII genotype strains clearly differ from the Massachusetts strains that are included in the vaccine formulations being used in most South American countries.
authors: Sección Genética Evolutiva, Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay.
authors: Ana
authors: A
authors: Marandino
authors: Instituto de Virología, CICVyA, INTA-Castelar, CC 25 (1712) Castelar, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
authors: Ariel
authors: A
authors: Pereda
authors: Sección Genética Evolutiva, Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay.
authors: Gonzalo
authors: G
authors: Tomás
authors: Sección Genética Evolutiva, Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay.
authors: Martín
authors: M
authors: Hernández
authors: Unidad de Bioinformática, Instituto Pasteur de Montevideo, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay.|Sección Genética Evolutiva, Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay.
authors: Gregorio
authors: G
authors: Iraola
authors: Instituto de Virología, CICVyA, INTA-Castelar, CC 25 (1712) Castelar, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
authors: María Isabel
authors: MI
authors: Craig
authors: Sección Genética Evolutiva, Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay.
authors: Diego
authors: D
authors: Hernández
authors: Poultry Research and Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, PO Box 97813, Pearl, MS 39288, USA.
authors: Alejandro
authors: A
authors: Banda
authors: College of Veterinary Medicine, Poultry Diagnostic and Research Center, University of Georgia, 953 College Station Road, Athens, GA 30602-4875, USA.
authors: Pedro
authors: P
authors: Villegas
authors: Sección Genética Evolutiva, Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay.
authors: Yanina
authors: Y
authors: Panzera
authors: Sección Genética Evolutiva, Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay.
authors: Ruben
authors: R
authors: Pérez
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001118:Argentina / Q000453:epidemiology; D002645:Chickens; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D018352:Coronavirus Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000662:veterinary* / Q000821:virology; D000086462:Coronavirus Nucleocapsid Proteins; D014644:Genetic Variation; D005838:Genotype; D001351:Infectious bronchitis virus / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D017720:Molecular Epidemiology; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D019590:Nucleocapsid Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D010802:Phylogeny; D011201:Poultry Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology*; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D064370:Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus / Q000235:genetics*; D014583:Uruguay / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D000086462:Coronavirus Nucleocapsid Proteins; D019590:Nucleocapsid Proteins; D064370:Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus