title: Parkinson disease with REM sleep behavior disorder: features, α-synuclein, and inflammation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate clinical features and potential mechanisms involving α-synuclein oligomer and inflammation in patients with Parkinson disease (PD) and probable REM sleep behavior disorder (PRBD).
  
  
  METHODS
  We used the REM Sleep Behavior Disorder Screening Questionnaire (RBDSQ) to evaluate patients with PD and classified each as PRBD or not probable (NPRBD). Data collection included demographic information and evaluation of clinical symptoms using a series of rating scales. We tested for α-synuclein oligomer and inflammatory factors in CSF and serum. Data analyses included comparisons between PRBD and NPRBD groups and correlation analyses among RBDSQ score and levels of the above factors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The frequency of PRBD in patients with PD was 30.67%. The PRBD group had longer disease duration, more advanced disease stage, more severe motor symptoms, and other more severe nonmotor symptoms, including depression, anxiety, and fatigue. Levels of α-synuclein oligomer in CSF and serum in the PRBD group were elevated compared with NPRBD and control groups. RBDSQ score was increased with the elevated α-synuclein oligomer level in CSF, interleukin 1β and nitric oxide levels in CSF, and prostaglandin E2 level in serum in the PD group. The level of α-synuclein oligomer in CSF was enhanced with the deterioration of motor symptoms, and the elevated levels of interleukin 1β, nitric oxide, and tumor necrosis factor α in CSF in the PRBD group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PRBD is common in patients with PD, especially those with longer disease duration and more severe motor and nonmotor symptoms. Elevated α-synuclein levels in CSF and serum may be correlated with PRBD through inflammation in central and peripheral nervous systems.
authors: From the Departments of Neurology (Y.H., S.-Y.Y., L.-J.Z., C.-J.C., F.W., Z.-J.C., Y.D., T.-H.L., W.Z.) and Geriatrics (S.-Y.Y., W.Z.), and Core Laboratory for Clinical Medical Research (Y.-J.W.), Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing; China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases (W.Z., P.C., S.-D.C., X.-M.W.), Beijing; Center of Parkinson's Disease (W.Z., P.C., S.-D.C., X.-M.W.), Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders; Beijing Key Laboratory on Parkinson Disease (W.Z., P.C., S.-D.C., X.-M.W.); Department of Neurology and Neurobiology (P.C.), Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing; Department of Neurology (S.-D.C.), Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai; and Department of Physiology (X.-M.W.), Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
authors: Yang
authors: Y
authors: Hu
authors: From the Departments of Neurology (Y.H., S.-Y.Y., L.-J.Z., C.-J.C., F.W., Z.-J.C., Y.D., T.-H.L., W.Z.) and Geriatrics (S.-Y.Y., W.Z.), and Core Laboratory for Clinical Medical Research (Y.-J.W.), Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing; China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases (W.Z., P.C., S.-D.C., X.-M.W.), Beijing; Center of Parkinson's Disease (W.Z., P.C., S.-D.C., X.-M.W.), Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders; Beijing Key Laboratory on Parkinson Disease (W.Z., P.C., S.-D.C., X.-M.W.); Department of Neurology and Neurobiology (P.C.), Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing; Department of Neurology (S.-D.C.), Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai; and Department of Physiology (X.-M.W.), Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
authors: Shu-Yang
authors: SY
authors: Yu
authors: From the Departments of Neurology (Y.H., S.-Y.Y., L.-J.Z., C.-J.C., F.W., Z.-J.C., Y.D., T.-H.L., W.Z.) and Geriatrics (S.-Y.Y., W.Z.), and Core Laboratory for Clinical Medical Research (Y.-J.W.), Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing; China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases (W.Z., P.C., S.-D.C., X.-M.W.), Beijing; Center of Parkinson's Disease (W.Z., P.C., S.-D.C., X.-M.W.), Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders; Beijing Key Laboratory on Parkinson Disease (W.Z., P.C., S.-D.C., X.-M.W.); Department of Neurology and Neurobiology (P.C.), Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing; Department of Neurology (S.-D.C.), Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai; and Department of Physiology (X.-M.W.), Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
authors: Li-Jun
authors: LJ
authors: Zuo
authors: From the Departments of Neurology (Y.H., S.-Y.Y., L.-J.Z., C.-J.C., F.W., Z.-J.C., Y.D., T.-H.L., W.Z.) and Geriatrics (S.-Y.Y., W.Z.), and Core Laboratory for Clinical Medical Research (Y.-J.W.), Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing; China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases (W.Z., P.C., S.-D.C., X.-M.W.), Beijing; Center of Parkinson's Disease (W.Z., P.C., S.-D.C., X.-M.W.), Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders; Beijing Key Laboratory on Parkinson Disease (W.Z., P.C., S.-D.C., X.-M.W.); Department of Neurology and Neurobiology (P.C.), Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing; Department of Neurology (S.-D.C.), Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai; and Department of Physiology (X.-M.W.), Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
authors: Chen-Jie
authors: CJ
authors: Cao
authors: From the Departments of Neurology (Y.H., S.-Y.Y., L.-J.Z., C.-J.C., F.W., Z.-J.C., Y.D., T.-H.L., W.Z.) and Geriatrics (S.-Y.Y., W.Z.), and Core Laboratory for Clinical Medical Research (Y.-J.W.), Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing; China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases (W.Z., P.C., S.-D.C., X.-M.W.), Beijing; Center of Parkinson's Disease (W.Z., P.C., S.-D.C., X.-M.W.), Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders; Beijing Key Laboratory on Parkinson Disease (W.Z., P.C., S.-D.C., X.-M.W.); Department of Neurology and Neurobiology (P.C.), Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing; Department of Neurology (S.-D.C.), Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai; and Department of Physiology (X.-M.W.), Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
authors: Fang
authors: F
authors: Wang
authors: From the Departments of Neurology (Y.H., S.-Y.Y., L.-J.Z., C.-J.C., F.W., Z.-J.C., Y.D., T.-H.L., W.Z.) and Geriatrics (S.-Y.Y., W.Z.), and Core Laboratory for Clinical Medical Research (Y.-J.W.), Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing; China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases (W.Z., P.C., S.-D.C., X.-M.W.), Beijing; Center of Parkinson's Disease (W.Z., P.C., S.-D.C., X.-M.W.), Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders; Beijing Key Laboratory on Parkinson Disease (W.Z., P.C., S.-D.C., X.-M.W.); Department of Neurology and Neurobiology (P.C.), Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing; Department of Neurology (S.-D.C.), Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai; and Department of Physiology (X.-M.W.), Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
authors: Ze-Jie
authors: ZJ
authors: Chen
authors: From the Departments of Neurology (Y.H., S.-Y.Y., L.-J.Z., C.-J.C., F.W., Z.-J.C., Y.D., T.-H.L., W.Z.) and Geriatrics (S.-Y.Y., W.Z.), and Core Laboratory for Clinical Medical Research (Y.-J.W.), Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing; China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases (W.Z., P.C., S.-D.C., X.-M.W.), Beijing; Center of Parkinson's Disease (W.Z., P.C., S.-D.C., X.-M.W.), Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders; Beijing Key Laboratory on Parkinson Disease (W.Z., P.C., S.-D.C., X.-M.W.); Department of Neurology and Neurobiology (P.C.), Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing; Department of Neurology (S.-D.C.), Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai; and Department of Physiology (X.-M.W.), Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
authors: Yang
authors: Y
authors: Du
authors: From the Departments of Neurology (Y.H., S.-Y.Y., L.-J.Z., C.-J.C., F.W., Z.-J.C., Y.D., T.-H.L., W.Z.) and Geriatrics (S.-Y.Y., W.Z.), and Core Laboratory for Clinical Medical Research (Y.-J.W.), Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing; China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases (W.Z., P.C., S.-D.C., X.-M.W.), Beijing; Center of Parkinson's Disease (W.Z., P.C., S.-D.C., X.-M.W.), Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders; Beijing Key Laboratory on Parkinson Disease (W.Z., P.C., S.-D.C., X.-M.W.); Department of Neurology and Neurobiology (P.C.), Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing; Department of Neurology (S.-D.C.), Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai; and Department of Physiology (X.-M.W.), Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
authors: Teng-Hong
authors: TH
authors: Lian
authors: From the Departments of Neurology (Y.H., S.-Y.Y., L.-J.Z., C.-J.C., F.W., Z.-J.C., Y.D., T.-H.L., W.Z.) and Geriatrics (S.-Y.Y., W.Z.), and Core Laboratory for Clinical Medical Research (Y.-J.W.), Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing; China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases (W.Z., P.C., S.-D.C., X.-M.W.), Beijing; Center of Parkinson's Disease (W.Z., P.C., S.-D.C., X.-M.W.), Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders; Beijing Key Laboratory on Parkinson Disease (W.Z., P.C., S.-D.C., X.-M.W.); Department of Neurology and Neurobiology (P.C.), Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing; Department of Neurology (S.-D.C.), Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai; and Department of Physiology (X.-M.W.), Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
authors: Ya-Jie
authors: YJ
authors: Wang
authors: From the Departments of Neurology (Y.H., S.-Y.Y., L.-J.Z., C.-J.C., F.W., Z.-J.C., Y.D., T.-H.L., W.Z.) and Geriatrics (S.-Y.Y., W.Z.), and Core Laboratory for Clinical Medical Research (Y.-J.W.), Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing; China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases (W.Z., P.C., S.-D.C., X.-M.W.), Beijing; Center of Parkinson's Disease (W.Z., P.C., S.-D.C., X.-M.W.), Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders; Beijing Key Laboratory on Parkinson Disease (W.Z., P.C., S.-D.C., X.-M.W.); Department of Neurology and Neurobiology (P.C.), Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing; Department of Neurology (S.-D.C.), Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai; and Department of Physiology (X.-M.W.), Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
authors: Piu
authors: P
authors: Chan
authors: From the Departments of Neurology (Y.H., S.-Y.Y., L.-J.Z., C.-J.C., F.W., Z.-J.C., Y.D., T.-H.L., W.Z.) and Geriatrics (S.-Y.Y., W.Z.), and Core Laboratory for Clinical Medical Research (Y.-J.W.), Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing; China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases (W.Z., P.C., S.-D.C., X.-M.W.), Beijing; Center of Parkinson's Disease (W.Z., P.C., S.-D.C., X.-M.W.), Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders; Beijing Key Laboratory on Parkinson Disease (W.Z., P.C., S.-D.C., X.-M.W.); Department of Neurology and Neurobiology (P.C.), Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing; Department of Neurology (S.-D.C.), Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai; and Department of Physiology (X.-M.W.), Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
authors: Sheng-Di
authors: SD
authors: Chen
authors: From the Departments of Neurology (Y.H., S.-Y.Y., L.-J.Z., C.-J.C., F.W., Z.-J.C., Y.D., T.-H.L., W.Z.) and Geriatrics (S.-Y.Y., W.Z.), and Core Laboratory for Clinical Medical Research (Y.-J.W.), Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing; China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases (W.Z., P.C., S.-D.C., X.-M.W.), Beijing; Center of Parkinson's Disease (W.Z., P.C., S.-D.C., X.-M.W.), Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders; Beijing Key Laboratory on Parkinson Disease (W.Z., P.C., S.-D.C., X.-M.W.); Department of Neurology and Neurobiology (P.C.), Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing; Department of Neurology (S.-D.C.), Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai; and Department of Physiology (X.-M.W.), Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
authors: Xiao-Min
authors: XM
authors: Wang
authors: From the Departments of Neurology (Y.H., S.-Y.Y., L.-J.Z., C.-J.C., F.W., Z.-J.C., Y.D., T.-H.L., W.Z.) and Geriatrics (S.-Y.Y., W.Z.), and Core Laboratory for Clinical Medical Research (Y.-J.W.), Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing; China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases (W.Z., P.C., S.-D.C., X.-M.W.), Beijing; Center of Parkinson's Disease (W.Z., P.C., S.-D.C., X.-M.W.), Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders; Beijing Key Laboratory on Parkinson Disease (W.Z., P.C., S.-D.C., X.-M.W.); Department of Neurology and Neurobiology (P.C.), Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing; Department of Neurology (S.-D.C.), Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai; and Department of Physiology (X.-M.W.), Capital Medical University, Beijing, China. ttyyzw@163.com.
authors: Wei
authors: W
authors: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid / Q000175:diagnosis; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000097:blood* / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid* / Q000175:diagnosis; D020187:REM Sleep Behavior Disorder / Q000097:blood* / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid* / Q000175:diagnosis; D051844:alpha-Synuclein / Q000097:blood* / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D051844:alpha-Synuclein