title: Mutations in the reverse transcriptase and protease genes of human immunodeficiency virus-1 from antiretroviral naïve and treated pediatric patients.
abstract: The success of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) is challenged by the emergence of resistance-associated mutations in human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1). In this study, resistance associated mutations in the reverse transcriptase (RT) and protease (PR) genes in antiretroviral therapy (ART) naïve and treated HIV-1 infected pediatric patients from North India were evaluated. Genotyping was successfully performed in 46 patients (30 ART naive and 16 treated) for the RT gene and in 53 patients (27 ART naive and 26 treated) for PR gene and mutations were identified using Stanford HIV Drug Resistance Database. A major drug resistant mutation in RT gene, L74I (NRTI), and two such mutations, K101E and G190A (NNRTI), were observed in two ART naïve patients, while M184V was detected in two ART treated patients. Overall, major resistance associated mutations in RT gene were observed in nine (30%) and seven (36%) of ART naïve and treated children respectively. Minor mutations were identified in PR gene in five children. Few non-clade C viral strains (≈30%) were detected, although subtype C was most predominant. The screening of ART naïve children for mutations in HIV-1 RT and protease genes, before and after initiation of ART is desirable for drug efficacy and good prognosis.
authors: Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India. dinesh2141986@gmail.com.
authors: Dinesh
authors: D
authors: Bure
authors: Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India. muzamilbiochem@gmail.com.
authors: Muzamil A
authors: MA
authors: Makhdoomi
authors: Department of Pediatrics, New Delhi 110029, India. rlodha1661@gmail.com.
authors: Rakesh
authors: R
authors: Lodha
authors: Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India. sspkmc2k@yahoo.com.
authors: Somi Sankaran
authors: SS
authors: Prakash
authors: Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India. rajeshkalra84@gmail.com.
authors: Rajesh
authors: R
authors: Kumar
authors: Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India. hilalparray@gmail.com.
authors: Hilal A
authors: HA
authors: Parray
authors: Department of Pediatrics, New Delhi 110029, India. ravinder.rathore.singh@gmail.com.
authors: Ravinder
authors: R
authors: Singh
authors: Department of Pediatrics, New Delhi 110029, India. skkabra@hotmail.com.
authors: Sushil K
authors: SK
authors: Kabra
authors: Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India. kalpanaluthra@gmail.com.
authors: Kalpana
authors: K
authors: Luthra
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D024882:Drug Resistance, Viral; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000821:virology*; D016333:HIV Protease / Q000235:genetics*; D054303:HIV Reverse Transcriptase / Q000235:genetics*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D009154:Mutation; D010802:Phylogeny; D019562:Viral Load
chemical_list: C514824:reverse transcriptase, Human immunodeficiency virus 1; D054303:HIV Reverse Transcriptase; D016333:HIV Protease