title: Validity and reliability study of the Turkish version of Spinal Cord Independence Measure-III.
abstract: METHODS
  This is a multicenter, prospective study.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to assess the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of Spinal Cord Independence Measure-III (SCIM-III).
  
  
  METHODS
  This study was conducted in rehabilitation centers of three hospitals in Turkey.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two-hundred and four (n=204) consecutive patients with spinal cord injury (SCI) were included in the study. Each patient was examined by two physicians. Neurologic impairment was measured according to the American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) Impairment Scale (AIS) 2000 revised criteria. Backward and forward translation of SCIM-III was performed by native speakers in both languages. To measure the validity of SCIM-III, the scores were compared with patients' AIS grades, total motor scores and the Health Survey Short Form-36 (SF-36) subscale scores. SCIM-III was analyzed for test-retest reliability by the same rater on 49 patients during the follow-up evaluations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Total agreement values between raters changed between 75.9 and 100%. Kappa values were all above 0.6, and they were statistically significant. The Pearson's correlation values between the raters were very high and statistically significant. The Cronbach's α-values for the two consecutive raters were 0.865 and 0.896. Test-retest reliability was assessed by paired samples t-test, and no significant difference was observed. SCIM-III and SF-36 physical (r=0.339, P<0.005) and general health scores (r=0.200, P<0.005) showed correlation. All subscales of the SCIM-III, with the exception of self-care, had significant differences in comparison with the AIS grades. SCIM-III total and total motor scores showed correlation (r=0.585, P<0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Turkish version of SCIM-III was found to be valid and reliable.
authors: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Istanbul University, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Unalan
authors: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Istanbul University, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors: T O
authors: TO
authors: Misirlioglu
authors: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Istanbul PMR Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors: B
authors: B
authors: Erhan
authors: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Ankara PMR Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Akyuz
authors: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Istanbul PMR Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors: B
authors: B
authors: Gunduz
authors: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Istanbul University, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors: E
authors: E
authors: Irgi
authors: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Istanbul PMR Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors: H E
authors: HE
authors: Arslan
authors: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Ankara PMR Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Baltacı
authors: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Ankara PMR Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Aslan
authors: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Istanbul University, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors: D
authors: D
authors: Palamar
authors: Department of Neurology, Kocaeli University, School of Medicine, Kocaeli, Turkey.
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Kutlu
authors: Istanbul Medicana Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Majlesi
authors: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Istanbul University, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors: U
authors: U
authors: Akarırmak
authors: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Istanbul University, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors: S S
authors: SS
authors: Karamehmetoglu
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012047:Rehabilitation Centers; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000534:rehabilitation; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014175:Translating; D014421:Turkey; D055815:Young Adult