title: Changing childhood malnutrition in Bangladesh: trends over the last two decades in urban-rural differentials (1993-2012).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The present study determined trends in malnutrition among under-5 children in urban and rural areas of Bangladesh.
  
  
  METHODS
  Surveillance.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was conducted in the urban Dhaka and the rural Matlab hospitals of the International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, where every fiftieth patient and all patients coming from the Health and Demographic Surveillance System were enrolled.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 28,816 under-5 children were enrolled at Dhaka from 1993 to 2012 and 11,533 at Matlab between 2000 and 2012.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In Dhaka, 46% of the children were underweight, 39% were stunted and 28% were wasted. In Matlab, the corresponding figures were 39%, 31% and 26%, respectively. At Dhaka, 0.5% of the children were overweight and obese when assessed by weight-for-age Z-score >+2.00, 1.4% by BMI-for-age Z-score >+2.00 and 1.4% by weight-for-height Z-score >+2.00; in Matlab the corresponding figures were 0.5%, 1.4% and 1.4%, respectively. In Dhaka, the proportion of underweight, stunting and wasting decreased from 59% to 28% (a 53% reduction), from 54% to 22% (59% reduction) and from 33 % to 21% (36% reduction), respectively, between 1993 and 2012. In Matlab, these indicators decreased from 51% to 27% (a 47% reduction), from 36% to 25% (31% reduction) and from 34% to 14% (59% reduction), respectively, from 2000 to 2012. On the other hand, the proportion of overweight (as assessed by BMI-for-age Z-score) increased significantly over the study period in both Dhaka (from 0.6% to 2.6%) and Matlab (from 0.8% to 2.2%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The proportion of malnourished under-5 children has decreased gradually in both urban and rural Bangladesh; however, the reduction rates are not in line with meeting Millennium Development Goal 1. Trends for increasing childhood obesity have been noted during the study period as well.
authors: 1Centre for Nutrition and Food Security (CNFS),International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research,Bangladesh (icddr,b),68 Shaheed Tajuddin Ahmed Sarani,Mohakhali,Dhaka 1212,Bangladesh.
authors: Sumon Kumar
authors: SK
authors: Das
authors: 1Centre for Nutrition and Food Security (CNFS),International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research,Bangladesh (icddr,b),68 Shaheed Tajuddin Ahmed Sarani,Mohakhali,Dhaka 1212,Bangladesh.
authors: Mohammod Jobayer
authors: MJ
authors: Chisti
authors: 1Centre for Nutrition and Food Security (CNFS),International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research,Bangladesh (icddr,b),68 Shaheed Tajuddin Ahmed Sarani,Mohakhali,Dhaka 1212,Bangladesh.
authors: Mohammad Abdul
authors: MA
authors: Malek
authors: 1Centre for Nutrition and Food Security (CNFS),International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research,Bangladesh (icddr,b),68 Shaheed Tajuddin Ahmed Sarani,Mohakhali,Dhaka 1212,Bangladesh.
authors: Jui
authors: J
authors: Das
authors: 1Centre for Nutrition and Food Security (CNFS),International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research,Bangladesh (icddr,b),68 Shaheed Tajuddin Ahmed Sarani,Mohakhali,Dhaka 1212,Bangladesh.
authors: Mohammed Abdus
authors: MA
authors: Salam
authors: 1Centre for Nutrition and Food Security (CNFS),International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research,Bangladesh (icddr,b),68 Shaheed Tajuddin Ahmed Sarani,Mohakhali,Dhaka 1212,Bangladesh.
authors: Tahmeed
authors: T
authors: Ahmed
authors: 2School of Population Health,University of Queensland,Herston Road,Herston,QLD 4006,Australia.
authors: Abdullah
authors: A
authors: Al Mamun
authors: 1Centre for Nutrition and Food Security (CNFS),International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research,Bangladesh (icddr,b),68 Shaheed Tajuddin Ahmed Sarani,Mohakhali,Dhaka 1212,Bangladesh.
authors: Abu Syed Golam
authors: AS
authors: Faruque
mesh_terms: D001459:Bangladesh / Q000453:epidemiology; D015362:Child Nutrition Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology; D002675:Child, Preschool; D006128:Growth; D006130:Growth Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D044342:Malnutrition / Q000453:epidemiology*; D050177:Overweight / Q000453:epidemiology; D063766:Pediatric Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D012424:Rural Population; D013851:Thinness / Q000453:epidemiology*; D014505:Urban Population; D019282:Wasting Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology*
keywords: Bangladesh; Malnutrition; Overweight and obesity; Rural and urban; Under-5 children