title: Effects of Schisandra chinensis extracts on cough and pulmonary inflammation in a cough hypersensitivity guinea pig model induced by cigarette smoke exposure.
abstract: Schisandra chinensis (S. chinensis) is a traditional Chinese medicine commonly used in prescription medications for the treatment of chronic cough. However, the material basis of S. chinensis in relieving cough has not been completely elucidated yet. This study established a guinea pig model of cough hypersensitivity induced by 14 days of cigarette smoke (CS) exposure, to evaluate the antitussive, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects of three S. chinensis extracts. And then the function of four lignans in reducing expression of TRPV1 and TRPA1 was examined using A549 cells induced by cigarette smoke extract (CSE). The results demonstrated that both ethanol extract (EE) and ethanol-water extract (EWE) of S. chinensis, but not water extract (WE), significantly reduced the cough frequency enhanced by 0.4M citric acid solution in these cough hypersensitivity guinea pigs. Meanwhile, pretreatment with EE and EWE both significantly attenuated the CS-induced increase in infiltration of pulmonary neutrophils and total inflammatory cells, as well as pulmonary MDA, TNF-α, and IL-8, while remarkably increased activities of pulmonary SOD and GSH. According to H&E and immunofluorescence staining assays, airway epithelium hyperplasia, smooth muscle thickening, inflammatory cells infiltration, as well as expression of TRPV1 and TRPA1, were significantly attenuated in animals pretreatment with 1g/kg EE. Moreover, four lignans of EE, including schizandrin, schisantherin A, deoxyschizandrin and γ-schisandrin, significantly inhibited CSE-induced expression of TRPV1, TRPA1 and NOS3, as well as NO release in A549 cells. In conclusion, S. chinensis reduces cough frequency and pulmonary inflammation in the CS-induced cough hypersensitivity guinea pigs. Lignans may be the active components.
authors: State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, No. 151 YanJiang Road, Yuexiu Dist., Guangzhou 510120, People׳s Republic of China.
authors: Shan
authors: S
authors: Zhong
authors: State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, No. 151 YanJiang Road, Yuexiu Dist., Guangzhou 510120, People׳s Republic of China.
authors: Yi-chu
authors: YC
authors: Nie
authors: State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, No. 151 YanJiang Road, Yuexiu Dist., Guangzhou 510120, People׳s Republic of China.
authors: Zhen-yong
authors: ZY
authors: Gan
authors: State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, No. 151 YanJiang Road, Yuexiu Dist., Guangzhou 510120, People׳s Republic of China.
authors: Xiao-dong
authors: XD
authors: Liu
authors: State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, No. 151 YanJiang Road, Yuexiu Dist., Guangzhou 510120, People׳s Republic of China.
authors: Zhang-fu
authors: ZF
authors: Fang
authors: State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, No. 151 YanJiang Road, Yuexiu Dist., Guangzhou 510120, People׳s Republic of China.
authors: Bo-nian
authors: BN
authors: Zhong
authors: State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, No. 151 YanJiang Road, Yuexiu Dist., Guangzhou 510120, People׳s Republic of China.
authors: Jin
authors: J
authors: Tian
authors: State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, No. 151 YanJiang Road, Yuexiu Dist., Guangzhou 510120, People׳s Republic of China.
authors: Chu-qin
authors: CQ
authors: Huang
authors: State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, No. 151 YanJiang Road, Yuexiu Dist., Guangzhou 510120, People׳s Republic of China. Electronic address: klai@163.com.
authors: Ke-fang
authors: KF
authors: Lai
authors: State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, No. 151 YanJiang Road, Yuexiu Dist., Guangzhou 510120, People׳s Republic of China.
authors: Nan-shan
authors: NS
authors: Zhong
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000996:Antitussive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D018925:Chemokines / Q000032:analysis; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D003371:Cough / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000032:analysis; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D019570:Inhalation Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy; D008297:Male; D012130:Respiratory Hypersensitivity / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D012137:Respiratory System / Q000737:chemistry; D032141:Schisandra / Q000737:chemistry*; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D000996:Antitussive Agents; D018925:Chemokines; D016207:Cytokines; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution
keywords: Anti-inflammatory; Antioxidant; Antitussive; Cough hypersensitivity; Schisandra chinensis