title: Association between penetrating eye injuries and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate whether there is an association between penetrating eye injuries and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms in children.
  
  
  METHODS
  45 children aged 3-18 years who were treated due to penetrating ocular injuries (patient group) and 75 control subjects (control group) were enrolled in the study. The symptoms of ADHD were evaluated by the Turkish adapted and validated form of the Conner Parent Rating Scale (CPRS).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean age was 8.9±4.1 years in the patient group and 9.7±3.7 years in the control group. All subscale scores of CPRS were higher in the patient group compared with the control group (all p<0.05). Gender-specific analyses showed that the boys of the patient group had significantly higher mean scores of all subscales, including inattentiveness, hyperactivity, oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder, compared with the boys of the control group (all p<0.05). However, the girls of the patient group had higher mean scores of only the conduct disorder subscale (p<0.05) compared with the girls of the control group. Three of 45 patients (6.6%) and 0 of 75 control subjects (0%) had a history of previous ocular trauma (p<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There was an association between penetrating eye injuries and inattentiveness, hyperactivity, oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder in boys, and conduct disorder in girls. An appropriate evaluation of ADHD symptoms may prevent vision loss due to penetrating eye injuries in children. In addition, evaluation by a child psychiatrist of children presenting with penetrating eye injuries may prevent repetition of injuries.
authors: Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Gaziantep University Medicine School, Gaziantep, Turkey.
authors: Hasan
authors: H
authors: Bayar
authors: Department of Ophthalmology, Gaziantep University Medicine School, Gaziantep, Turkey.
authors: Erol
authors: E
authors: Coskun
authors: Department of Ophthalmology, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University Medical School, Rize, Turkey.
authors: Veysi
authors: V
authors: Öner
authors: Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Gaziantep University Medicine School, Gaziantep, Turkey.
authors: Cem
authors: C
authors: Gokcen
authors: Department of Ophthalmology, Gaziantep University Medicine School, Gaziantep, Turkey.
authors: Umit
authors: U
authors: Aksoy
authors: Department of Ophthalmology, Gaziantep University Medicine School, Gaziantep, Turkey.
authors: Seydi
authors: S
authors: Okumus
authors: Department of Ophthalmology, Gaziantep University Medicine School, Gaziantep, Turkey.
authors: Ibrahim
authors: I
authors: Erbagci
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015807:Eye Injuries, Penetrating / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007361:Intelligence Tests; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012737:Sex Factors; D018434:Sickness Impact Profile; D014421:Turkey
keywords: Child health (paediatrics); Eye (Globe); Trauma