title: Indium(III)-catalyzed knoevenagel condensation of aldehydes and activated methylenes using acetic anhydride as a promoter.
abstract: The combination of a catalytic amount of InCl3 and acetic anhydride remarkably promotes the Knoevenagel condensation of a variety of aldehydes and activated methylene compounds. This catalytic system accommodates aromatic aldehydes containing a variety of electron-donating and -withdrawing groups, heteroaromatic aldehydes, conjugate aldehydes, and aliphatic aldehydes. Central to successfully driving the condensation series is the formation of a geminal diacetate intermediate, which was generated in situ from an aldehyde and an acid anhydride with the assistance of an indium catalyst.
authors: Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science (RIKADAI), Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan.
authors: Yohei
authors: Y
authors: Ogiwara
authors: Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science (RIKADAI), Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan.
authors: Keita
authors: K
authors: Takahashi
authors: Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science (RIKADAI), Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan.
authors: Takefumi
authors: T
authors: Kitazawa
authors: Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science (RIKADAI), Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan.
authors: Norio
authors: N
authors: Sakai