title: ClonalFrameML: efficient inference of recombination in whole bacterial genomes.
abstract: Recombination is an important evolutionary force in bacteria, but it remains challenging to reconstruct the imports that occurred in the ancestry of a genomic sample. Here we present ClonalFrameML, which uses maximum likelihood inference to simultaneously detect recombination in bacterial genomes and account for it in phylogenetic reconstruction. ClonalFrameML can analyse hundreds of genomes in a matter of hours, and we demonstrate its usefulness on simulated and real datasets. We find evidence for recombination hotspots associated with mobile elements in Clostridium difficile ST6 and a previously undescribed 310kb chromosomal replacement in Staphylococcus aureus ST582. ClonalFrameML is freely available at http://clonalframeml.googlecode.com/.
authors: Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom.
authors: Xavier
authors: X
authors: Didelot
authors: Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom; Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, United Kingdom.
authors: Daniel J
authors: DJ
authors: Wilson
mesh_terms: D016360:Clostridioides difficile / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics; D003198:Computer Simulation; D030541:Databases, Genetic; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D016680:Genome, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics*; D023281:Genomics / Q000379:methods*; D010802:Phylogeny; D011995:Recombination, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D012984:Software; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics