title: Anterior knee pain caused by patellofemoral pain syndrome can be relieved by Botulinum toxin type A injection.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the therapeutic effects of Botulinum toxin type A (BTA) for anterior knee pain caused by patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS).
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective case control study for intervention.
  
  
  METHODS
  A tertiary hospital rehabilitation center.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twelve bilateral PFPS patients with anterior knee pain were recruited. The worse pain knee was selected for injection, and the counterpart was left untreated.
  
  
  METHODS
  Injection of BTA to vastus lateralis (VL) muscle.
  
  
  METHODS
  Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) was used to assess pain, stiffness, and functional status of the knee, and CYBEX isokinetic dynamometer to assess isokinetic muscle force before and after BTA application to VL.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Remarkable improvement after receiving BTA injection was obtained not only in the questionnaire of WOMAC (p<0.05), but also in knee flexion torque (p<0.05). No significant change of knee extension torque was noted (p=0.682).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  BTA injection is a good alternative treatment to improve anterior knee pain, knee function and isokinetic flexion torque.
authors: Department of Medicine, Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors: John Tzu-Ning
authors: JT
authors: Chen
authors: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan.
authors: Alice Chu-Wen
authors: AC
authors: Tang
authors: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan.
authors: Shih-Cherng
authors: SC
authors: Lin
authors: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan; School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taiwan. Electronic address: fttang@adm.cgmh.org.tw.
authors: Simon Fuk-Tan
authors: SF
authors: Tang
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007270:Injections, Intra-Articular; D007719:Knee Joint / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009465:Neuromuscular Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D046788:Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome / Q000188:drug therapy*; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular / Q000502:physiology; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D009465:Neuromuscular Agents; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A
keywords: Anterior knee pain; Botulinum toxin type A injection; Isokinetic assessment; Patellofemoral syndrome