title: Revision of the world Monoctonia Starý, parasitoids of gall aphids: taxonomy, distribution, host range, and phylogeny (Hymenoptera, Braconidae: Aphidiinae).
abstract: The present paper represents a contribution to the knowledge of the taxonomy of Monoctonia Starý aphid parasitoids obtained using the barcoding region of the mitochondrial COI gene. We discuss the phylogenetic position of the genus within the subtribe Monoctonina, redescribe known species, and describe Monoctonia japonica sp. n. from Japan in the association Pemphigus matsumurai Monzen/Populus maximowiczii. A key for species identification is provided. Also, we review and discuss the host records, origin, and geographical distribution of Monoctonia species. It is hypothesized that the genus Monoctonia evolved in Paleogene forests of the temperate (and subtropical) belt, most probably in the European part of the Mediterranean region, which is also the center of origin of their host plants.
authors: Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, Zabol University, Zabol, P. O. Box: 998615-538, I .R. Iran.; Email: rakhshani@uoz.ac.ir.
authors: Ehsan
authors: E
authors: Rakhshani
authors: Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Branišovská 31, 37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic.; Email: stary@entu.cas.cz.
authors: Petr
authors: P
authors: Starý
authors: Departamento de Biodiversidad y Gestión Ambiental, Universidad de León, 24071 León, Spain; Email: nperh@unileon.es.
authors: Nicolás Pérez
authors: NP
authors: Hidalgo
authors: Institute of Zoology, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.; Email: ztoman@bio.bg.ac.rs.
authors: Jelisaveta
authors: J
authors: Čkrkić
authors: Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, Zabol University, Zabol, P. O. Box: 998615-538, I .R. Iran.; Email: unknown.
authors: Mostafa Ghafouri
authors: MG
authors: Moghaddam
authors: Laboratory for Medical Entomology, Department for Parasitology, Center of Excellence for Toxoplasmosis and Medical Entomology, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, 11129, Belgrade, Serbia.; Email: snezanat@imi.bg.ac.rs.
authors: Snežana
authors: S
authors: Tomanović
authors: Institute of Zoology, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.; Email: andjeljko@bio.bg.ac.rs.
authors: Andjeljko
authors: A
authors: Petrović
authors: Institute of Zoology, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.; Email: jckrkic@bio.bg.ac.rs.
authors: Željko
authors: Ž
authors: Tomanović
mesh_terms: D063147:Animal Distribution; D000825:Animal Structures / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000254:growth & development; D000818:Animals; D049628:Body Size; D017753:Ecosystem; D005260:Female; D058507:Host Specificity; D008297:Male; D009929:Organ Size; D010802:Phylogeny; D014863:Wasps / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology