title: Profile of adverse drug reactions in drug resistant tuberculosis from Punjab.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the study was to elucidate the profile of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) associated with second-line anti-tubercular treatment for drug-resistant tuberculosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  ADR profile of diagnosed drug-resistant tuberculosis cases on supervised second-line anti-tubercular drug regimen under Programmatic Management of Drug-resistant Tuberculosis under Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme, were studied over two years' period. Adverse reactions were categorised into mild, moderate and severe types with subsequent systematic data-analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Out of total 207 patients in the study, 81.16% reported with adverse drug reactions. Out of total 195 adverse events, 63.58%, 18.46% and 17.94% were of mild, moderate and severe types respectively. Gastrointestinal events, hepatitis, hearing impairment, arthralgia, psychosis, hypothyroidism, visual disturbances, giddiness, peripheral neuropathy, skin reactions, swelling or pain at injection site, anorexia and sleep disturbances were important amongst these. High proportion of drug and/or alcohol abuse was an important observation. The offending drug(s) had to be terminated in 12.08% of the patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Early detection, management and pharmaco-vigilance reporting of ADRs remain key factors in the management of drug-resistant tuberculosis with remarkable relevance of the need for early diagnosis and treatment of 'drug-sensitive tuberculosis', to prevent emergence of drug-resistant tuberculosis.
authors: Bharat
authors: B
authors: Bhushan
authors: Ramesh
authors: R
authors: Chander
authors: N C
authors: NC
authors: Kajal
authors: Vikrant
authors: V
authors: Ranga
authors: Ajay
authors: A
authors: Gupta
authors: Heena
authors: H
authors: Bharti
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000995:Antitubercular Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D018771:Arthralgia / Q000139:chemically induced; D001259:Ataxia / Q000139:chemically induced; D056486:Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury / Q000209:etiology; D002648:Child; D003523:Cycloserine / Q000009:adverse effects; D003875:Drug Eruptions / Q000209:etiology; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D004977:Ethambutol / Q000009:adverse effects; D005000:Ethionamide / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D005767:Gastrointestinal Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced; D034381:Hearing Loss / Q000139:chemically induced; D006801:Humans; D007037:Hypothyroidism / Q000139:chemically induced; D007194:India; D007612:Kanamycin / Q000009:adverse effects; D064704:Levofloxacin / Q000009:adverse effects; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010523:Peripheral Nervous System Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced; D011605:Psychoses, Substance-Induced / Q000209:etiology; D011718:Pyrazinamide / Q000009:adverse effects; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D018088:Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant / Q000188:drug therapy*; D014397:Tuberculosis, Pulmonary / Q000188:drug therapy*; D014786:Vision Disorders / Q000139:chemically induced; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000995:Antitubercular Agents; D011718:Pyrazinamide; D007612:Kanamycin; D064704:Levofloxacin; D004977:Ethambutol; D003523:Cycloserine; D005000:Ethionamide