title: Subclinical hypothyroidism and the associations with macrovascular complications and chronic kidney disease in patients with Type 2 diabetes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) is high among patients with diabetes, although the relationship between SCH and diabetic vascular complications is unknown. This study aimed to determine the relationship between SCH and vascular complications in patients with Type 2 diabetes.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this cross sectional study, 991 patients with Type 2 diabetes were screened for thyroid function at their admission to the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University. We compared the prevalence of coronary heart disease (CHD), ischaemic stroke and chronic kidney disease (CKD) with the prevalence of euthyroidism and SCH.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among the 991 patients, 126 (12.7%) patients had SCH. The prevalence of CHD was significantly higher in the SCH group than in the euthyroid group (22.2% and 15.0%, respectively; P = 0.039). In the logistic regression analyses, SCH was associated with CHD [odds ratio (OR): 1.993; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.135-3.497; P = 0.016]. This association was stronger in patients aged ≥ 65 years than in younger patients [2.474 (1.173-5.220); P = 0.017]. No significant association was found between SCH and ischaemic stroke. Patients with severe SCH had a high risk of CKD [1.842 (1.120-3.029); P = 0.016].
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study provides evidence that SCH in patients with Type 2 diabetes is associated with a high prevalence of CHD (and CKD in severe SCH), although not with ischaemic stroke.
authors: Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
authors: F
authors: F
authors: Jia
authors: Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Tian
authors: Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
authors: F
authors: F
authors: Deng
authors: Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Yang
authors: Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Long
authors: Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
authors: W
authors: W
authors: Cheng
authors: Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
authors: B
authors: B
authors: Wang
authors: Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Wu
authors: Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
authors: D
authors: D
authors: Liu
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D058070:Asymptomatic Diseases; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000453:epidemiology; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D015897:Comorbidity; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000453:epidemiology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003925:Diabetic Angiopathies / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007037:Hypothyroidism / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D015995:Prevalence; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000453:epidemiology*; D020521:Stroke / Q000453:epidemiology