title: Triple bottom line assessment of raw water treatment: methodology and application to a case study in the municipality of Oppegård in south-eastern Norway.
abstract: There could be several options a water treatment plant (WTP) can select from, if an improvement in treated water quality (WQ) is desired. This paper outlines a methodology to test a variety of approaches to accomplish pre-set goals as regards WQ, while adopting a triple bottom line approach. This approach, in a nutshell, takes into consideration economic, environmental and social aspects in decision-making. The methodology has been applied to the Stangasen WTP in the town of Oppegård in south-eastern Norway. Among the seven alternative approaches compared were the use, as coagulant, of five different dosages of granulated aluminium sulphate, liquid aluminium sulphate (48%) and liquid ferric chloride (40%). Using the set of weighting factors obtained from experts, it was determined that increasing the dosage of granulated aluminium sulphate by 20% over the current one would be the most sustainable option from a triple bottom line point of view.
authors: a Department of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering , Norwegian University of Science and Technology , S P Andresensv 5, Valgrinda, Trondheim 7491 , Norway.
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Venkatesh
authors: Kamal
authors: K
authors: Azrague
authors: Stig
authors: S
authors: Bell
authors: Bjørnar
authors: B
authors: Eikebrokk
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D002947:Cities; D003198:Computer Simulation; D003657:Decision Making; D060766:Drinking Water / Q000737:chemistry*; D004777:Environment; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D009664:Norway; D015397:Program Evaluation; D014462:Ultrafiltration / Q000191:economics* / Q000379:methods; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D018508:Water Purification / Q000191:economics* / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D060766:Drinking Water; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical
keywords: chemicals; energy; triple bottom line; water quality; water treatment sustainability