title: Predictive factors of hospitalization in adults with pediatric-onset SCI: a longitudinal analysis.
abstract: METHODS
  Longitudinal survey.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the prevalence and rate of hospitalization among adults with pediatric-onset spinal cord injury (SCI) and explore medical and behavioral factors associated with hospitalization.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study included 368 adults who sustained a SCI prior to age 19 and were enrolled in an ongoing longitudinal study investigating the outcomes of pediatric-onset SCI. Participants were interviewed on an approximately annual basis using a study-specific questionnaire and standardized outcome measures: Satisfaction with Life Scale; Short-Form 12 Health Survey; Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test; Patient Health Questionnaire-9 Depression Scale; and Craig Handicap Assessment and Recording Technique.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, 61% of participants self-reported at least one hospitalization across all time points; average length of hospitalization was 14.8 days (±23.3). Individuals who were ethnic minorities as well as those with high cervical-level SCI were more likely to be hospitalized. Those who were unemployed and those with health-care coverage were more likely to be hospitalized and have longer hospitalization stays. The risk of hospitalization was higher with occurrence of pressure ulcers, urinary tract infections, pneumonia, pain and a chronic medical condition. Smoking cigarettes increased the risk of hospitalization, whereas those who engaged in exercise and were active in the community had lower odds of hospitalization.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both medical and lifestyle factors have an important role in predicting hospitalization. An increased understanding of the risk and protective factors associated with hospitalization should assist clinicians in developing strategies and prevention efforts to minimize secondary health complications and foster healthy lifestyle behaviors.
authors: 1] Department of Psychology, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Chicago, IL, USA [2] Orthopaedic Research & Rehabilitation Engineering Center, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
authors: A M
authors: AM
authors: January
authors: 1] Department of Psychology, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Chicago, IL, USA [2] Department of Psychology, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Zebracki
authors: Department of Psychology, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Chicago, IL, USA.
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Czworniak
authors: Department of Psychology, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Chicago, IL, USA.
authors: K M
authors: KM
authors: Chlan
authors: 1] Department of Psychology, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Chicago, IL, USA [2] Department of Pediatrics, Rush Medical College, Chicago, IL, USA.
authors: L C
authors: LC
authors: Vogel
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017668:Age of Onset; D015897:Comorbidity; D005260:Female; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008019:Life Style; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D011379:Prognosis; D012307:Risk Factors; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000628:therapy*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires