title: A preoperative marker panel for the prediction of residual tumor and the decision making for repeat transurethral resection.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the ability of a combined preoperative marker panel to identify patients with residual non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer who might benefit from repeat transurethral resection (reTUR).
  
  
  METHODS
  Ki67, p53, vascular endothelial growth factor-C, E-cadherin, and survivin expressions were evaluated by immunohistochemical staining of surgical specimens from 72 patients who underwent reTUR. Related clinical and molecular markers were analyzed by univariate analyses to develop a marker panel. The predictive value of the marker panel was calculated by receiver operating characteristic curves.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Univariate analyses identified tumor size, number of tumors, p53 expression, E-cadherin expression, and the number of altered markers as risk factors for residual tumor (P = 0.03, 0.05, 0.06, 0.024, and 0.005, respectively). After adjusting for the effects of tumor stage and grade, multivariate analyses identified the number of altered markers as a risk factor for residual tumor (P = 0.004). The addition of tumor size, E-cadherin, and the number of altered markers to the base model (based on tumor stage and tumor grade) increased its discrimination for predicting residual tumor (5%, 6%, and 10%, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Some clinical and molecular markers could improve the accuracy of residual tumor prediction at reTUR. Such a marker panel may help to identify patients with non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer who have residual tumor after first TUR and who may therefore benefit from reTUR.
authors: Department of Urology, The second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China.
authors: Wentao
authors: W
authors: Liu
authors: Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China.
authors: Lin
authors: L
authors: Qi
authors: Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China.
authors: Xiongbin
authors: X
authors: Zu
authors: Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China.
authors: Yuan
authors: Y
authors: Li
authors: Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China.
authors: Wei
authors: W
authors: He
authors: Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China.
authors: Shiyu
authors: S
authors: Tong
authors: Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China. Electronic address: chenmf3232@163.com.
authors: Minfeng
authors: M
authors: Chen
mesh_terms: D019540:Area Under Curve; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis*; D002295:Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018365:Neoplasm, Residual / Q000175:diagnosis*; D012372:ROC Curve; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D013520:Urologic Surgical Procedures
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor
keywords: Bladder cancer; Marker; Repeat transurethral resection; Residual tumor