title: Uptake and elimination of brevetoxin in the invasive green mussel, Perna viridis, during natural Karenia brevis blooms in southwest Florida.
abstract: Perna viridis is a recently introduced species to US coastal waters and have vigorously spread throughout the southeastern seaboard since their invasion. Little information regarding their response to local environmental factors has been reported including responses to the local HAB species, Karenia brevis. This study monitored the tissue toxin concentration of brevetoxins in P. viridis from existing populations throughout two consecutive natural K. brevis blooms. The results showed P. viridis to rapidly accumulate PbTx upon exposure to the bloom, far exceeding the peak tissue concentrations of oysters, Crassostrea virginica, sampled during the same period, 57,653 ± 15,937 and 33,462 ± 10,391 ng g(-1) PbTx-3 equivalent, respectively. Further, P. viridis retained high PbTx concentrations in their tissues post bloom remaining above the regulatory limit for human consumption for 4-5 months, significantly longer than the depuration time of 2-8 weeks for native oyster and clam species. In the second year, the bloom persisted at high cell concentrations resulting in prolonged exposure and higher PbTx tissue concentrations indicating increased bioaccumulation in green mussels. While this species is not currently harvested for human consumption, the threat for post bloom trophic transfer could pose negative impacts on other important fisheries and higher food web implications.
authors: Department of Marine and Ecological Sciences, Florida Gulf Coast University, 10501 FGCU Blvd. South, Fort Myers, FL 33965, USA; LEMAR UMR 6539, Institute Universitaire Européen de la Mer, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Rue Dumont d'Urville, Place Nicolas Copernic, 29280 Plouzané, France. Electronic address: kmcfarland@fgcu.edu.
authors: Katherine
authors: K
authors: McFarland
authors: LEMAR UMR 6539, Institute Universitaire Européen de la Mer, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Rue Dumont d'Urville, Place Nicolas Copernic, 29280 Plouzané, France. Electronic address: fjean@univ-brest.fr.
authors: Fred
authors: F
authors: Jean
authors: LEMAR UMR 6539, Institute Universitaire Européen de la Mer, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Rue Dumont d'Urville, Place Nicolas Copernic, 29280 Plouzané, France. Electronic address: philippe.soudant@univ-brest.fr.
authors: Philippe
authors: P
authors: Soudant
authors: Department of Marine and Ecological Sciences, Florida Gulf Coast University, 10501 FGCU Blvd. South, Fort Myers, FL 33965, USA; Department of Biology and Marine Biology, University of North Carolina Wilmington, 601 South College Rd., Wilmington, NC 28403, USA. Electronic address: voletya@uncw.edu.
authors: Aswani K
authors: AK
authors: Volety
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019540:Area Under Curve; D049896:Crassostrea / Q000378:metabolism; D004141:Dinoflagellida / Q000737:chemistry; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005431:Florida; D020387:Food Chain; D057097:Harmful Algal Bloom; D058865:Introduced Species; D008387:Marine Toxins / Q000378:metabolism / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D035964:Oxocins / Q000378:metabolism / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D049883:Perna / Q000378:metabolism*; D013045:Species Specificity; D013997:Time Factors; D000095702:Polyether Toxins
chemical_list: D008387:Marine Toxins; D035964:Oxocins; C053342:brevetoxin; D000095702:Polyether Toxins
keywords: Bioaccumulation; Depuration; Harmful algal bloom; Oyster; Red tide; Trophic transfer