title: Diabetic gastroparesis.
abstract: Gastroparesis is a complication of long-standing type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Symptoms associated with gastroparesis include early satiety, prolonged postprandial fullness, bloating, nausea and vomiting, and abdominal pain. Mortality is increased in patients with diabetic gastroparesis. A subset of patients with diabetic gastroparesis have pylorospasm that results in obstructive gastroparesis. Current treatment approaches include improving glucose control with insulin and prescribing antinauseant drugs, prokinetic agents, and gastric electric stimulation. Future directions include improved diet counseling based on gastric emptying rate, continuous insulin delivery systems with glucose sensor-augmented monitoring, and drugs for correcting gastric neural and electric abnormalities.
authors: Section on Gastroenterology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA. Electronic address: kkoch@wakehealth.edu.
authors: Kenneth L
authors: KL
authors: Koch
authors: Section on Endocrinology, MetroHealth Regional, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, 2500 Metrohealth Drive, Cleveland, OH 44109, USA.
authors: Jorge
authors: J
authors: Calles-Escandón
mesh_terms: D000932:Antiemetics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology; D003929:Diabetic Neuropathies / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D004035:Diet Therapy; D004599:Electric Stimulation Therapy; D005746:Gastric Emptying / Q000502:physiology; D005765:Gastrointestinal Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018589:Gastroparesis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007328:Insulin / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000932:Antiemetics; D005765:Gastrointestinal Agents; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin
keywords: Gastric dysrhythmias; Gastric electric stimulation; Gastroparesis; Nausea; Prokinetic and antinauseant drugs; Type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus; Vomiting