title: Accumulated hard tissue debris produced during reciprocating and rotary nickel-titanium canal preparation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study compared the amount of hard tissue debris produced after different apical enlargement with single-file reciprocating systems (WaveOne [Dentsply Maillefer, Baillaigues, Switzerland] and Reciproc [VDW, Munich, Germany]) and a conventional multifile rotary system (BioRaCe [FKG Dentaire, La-Chaux-de-Fonds, Switzerland]) using micro-computed tomographic imaging.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty moderately curved mesial roots of mandibular molars presenting 2 independent root canals were selected and scanned at an isotropic resolution of 14.16 μm. The sample was assigned to 3 groups (n = 10) with respect to the root length and degree of curvature of the mesial root according to the system used for the root canal preparation: Reciproc, WaveOne, and BioRaCe. Second and third scans were taken after the root canals were prepared up to ISO sizes 25 and 40, respectively. The matched images of the mesial canals, before and after preparation, were examined from the furcation level to the apex to evaluate the amount of hard tissue debris (%). Data were statistically compared using a general linear model for repeated-measures with a significance level set at 5%.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Instrumentation systems per se did not influence the amount of hard tissue accumulation (P > .05), whereas a significant reduction in the percentage of hard tissue debris was observed after sequential enlargement in all groups (P < .05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  None of the systems yielded root canals completely free from packed hard tissue debris. The increased final apical size resulted in significantly less debris accumulation for both reciprocating and rotary systems.
authors: Department of Endodontics, Grande Rio University, Duque de Caxias, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Electronic address: endogus@gmail.com.
authors: Gustavo
authors: G
authors: De-Deus
authors: Department of Endodontics, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors: Juliana
authors: J
authors: Marins
authors: Department of Endodontics, Grande Rio University, Duque de Caxias, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors: Emmanuel João Nogueira Leal
authors: EJ
authors: Silva
authors: Department of Dentistry II, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luis, Maranhão, Brazil.
authors: Erick
authors: E
authors: Souza
authors: Department of Endodontics, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors: Felipe Gonçalves
authors: FG
authors: Belladonna
authors: Department of Endodontics, University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil.
authors: Claudia
authors: C
authors: Reis
authors: Nuclear Engineering Program, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors: Alessandra Silveira
authors: AS
authors: Machado
authors: Nuclear Engineering Program, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors: Ricardo Tadeu
authors: RT
authors: Lopes
authors: Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dental School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors: Marco Aurélio
authors: MA
authors: Versiani
authors: Department of Material Engineering, PUC-Rio, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors: Sidnei
authors: S
authors: Paciornik
authors: Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors: Aline Almeida
authors: AA
authors: Neves
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008963:Molar / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D009532:Nickel; D018915:Root Canal Preparation / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D016369:Smear Layer; D014025:Titanium; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D014092:Tooth Root / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging
chemical_list: D009532:Nickel; D014025:Titanium
keywords: Hard tissue debris; micro–computed tomographic imaging; nickel-titanium; reciprocating motion; root canal preparation; rotary system