title: Conversion of agroindustrial residues for high poly(γ-glutamic acid) production by Bacillus subtilis NX-2 via solid-state fermentation.
abstract: Poly(γ-glutamic acid) (γ-PGA) production by Bacillus subtilis NX-2 was carried out through solid-state fermentation with dry mushroom residues (DMR) and monosodium glutamate production residues (MGPR; a substitute of glutamate) for the first time. Dry shiitake mushroom residue (DSMR) was found to be the most suitable solid substrate among these DMRs; the optimal DSMR-to-MGPR ratio was optimized as 12:8. To increase γ-PGA production, industrial waste glycerol was added as a carbon source supplement to the solid-state medium. As a result, γ-PGA production increased by 34.8%. The batch fermentation obtained an outcome of 115.6 g kg(-1) γ-PGA and 39.5×10(8) colony forming units g(-1) cells. Furthermore, a satisfactory yield of 107.7 g kg(-1) γ-PGA was achieved by compost experiment on a scale of 50 kg in open air, indicating that economically large-scale γ-PGA production was feasible. Therefore, this study provided a novel method to produce γ-PGA from abundant and low-cost agroindustrial residues.
authors: State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing 211816, China; College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China.
authors: Bao
authors: B
authors: Tang
authors: State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing 211816, China; College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China.
authors: Hong
authors: H
authors: Xu
authors: State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing 211816, China; College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China.
authors: Zongqi
authors: Z
authors: Xu
authors: State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing 211816, China; College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China.
authors: Cen
authors: C
authors: Xu
authors: State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing 211816, China; College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China.
authors: Zheng
authors: Z
authors: Xu
authors: State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing 211816, China; College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China.
authors: Peng
authors: P
authors: Lei
authors: State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing 211816, China; College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China.
authors: Yibin
authors: Y
authors: Qiu
authors: College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China.
authors: Jinfeng
authors: J
authors: Liang
authors: State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing 211816, China; College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China. Electronic address: fengxiaohai@njtech.edu.cn.
authors: Xiaohai
authors: X
authors: Feng
mesh_terms: D000363:Agaricales / Q000737:chemistry; D000383:Agriculture; D001412:Bacillus subtilis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D061249:Batch Cell Culture Techniques; D018533:Biomass; D019149:Bioreactors / Q000191:economics; D001709:Biotechnology / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods*; D050260:Carbohydrate Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects; D002244:Carbon / Q000494:pharmacology; D003365:Costs and Cost Analysis; D005285:Fermentation / Q000187:drug effects; D007220:Industrial Waste; D011099:Polyglutamic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000096:biosynthesis; D012970:Sodium Glutamate / Q000378:metabolism; D012987:Soil; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D007220:Industrial Waste; D012987:Soil; C511775:poly(gamma-glutamic acid); D011099:Polyglutamic Acid; D002244:Carbon; D012970:Sodium Glutamate
keywords: Agroindustrial residues; Bacillus subtilis NX-2; Poly(γ-glutamic acid); Solid-state fermentation