title: FT-like proteins induce transposon silencing in the shoot apex during floral induction in rice.
abstract: Floral induction is a crucial developmental step in higher plants. Florigen, a mobile floral activator that is synthesized in the leaf and transported to the shoot apex, was recently identified as a protein encoded by FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) and its orthologs; the rice florigen is Heading date 3a (Hd3a) protein. The 14-3-3 proteins mediate the interaction of Hd3a with the transcription factor OsFD1 to form a ternary structure called the florigen activation complex on the promoter of OsMADS15, a rice APETALA1 ortholog. However, crucial information, including the spatiotemporal overlap among FT-like proteins and the components of florigen activation complex and downstream genes, remains unclear. Here, we confirm that Hd3a coexists, in the same regions of the rice shoot apex, with the other components of the florigen activation complex and its transcriptional targets. Unexpectedly, however, RNA-sequencing analysis of shoot apex from wild-type and RNA-interference plants depleted of florigen activity revealed that 4,379 transposable elements (TEs; 58% of all classifiable rice TEs) were expressed collectively in the vegetative and reproductive shoot apex. Furthermore, in the reproductive shoot apex, 214 TEs were silenced by florigen. Our results suggest a link between floral induction and regulation of TEs.
authors: Plant Global Education Project and Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan; and.
authors: Shojiro
authors: S
authors: Tamaki
authors: Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan; and tsujih@bs.naist.jp.
authors: Hiroyuki
authors: H
authors: Tsuji
authors: Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan; and.
authors: Ayana
authors: A
authors: Matsumoto
authors: Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan; and.
authors: Akiko
authors: A
authors: Fujita
authors: Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan; and Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Meijo University, Tempaku, Nagoya, Aichi 468-8502, Japan.
authors: Zenpei
authors: Z
authors: Shimatani
authors: Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Meijo University, Tempaku, Nagoya, Aichi 468-8502, Japan.
authors: Rie
authors: R
authors: Terada
authors: Plant Global Education Project and.
authors: Tomoaki
authors: T
authors: Sakamoto
authors: Plant Global Education Project and.
authors: Tetsuya
authors: T
authors: Kurata
authors: Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan; and.
authors: Ko
authors: K
authors: Shimamoto
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D004251:DNA Transposable Elements / Q000235:genetics*; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D060405:Florigen / Q000494:pharmacology; D035264:Flowers / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology*; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant / Q000187:drug effects; D020868:Gene Silencing / Q000187:drug effects; D017343:Genes, Plant; D056626:Inflorescence / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D018519:Meristem / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D038081:Organogenesis / Q000187:drug effects; D012275:Oryza / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology*; D010641:Phenotype; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D021381:Protein Transport / Q000187:drug effects; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012098:Reproduction / Q000187:drug effects; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D004251:DNA Transposable Elements; D060405:Florigen; D010940:Plant Proteins
keywords: FT-like proteins; floral transition; rice; shoot apical meristem; transposable elements