title: Prevalence and Antimicrobial Resistance in Escherichia coli from Food Animals in Lagos, Nigeria.
abstract: Foodborne bacteria are often associated with human infections; these infections can become more complicated to treat if the bacteria are also resistant to antimicrobials. In this study, prevalence, antimicrobial resistance, and genetic relatedness of Escherichia coli among food producing animals from Lagos, Nigeria, was investigated. From December 2012 to June 2013, E. coli were isolated from fecal samples of healthy cattle, chicken, and swine. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing against 22 antimicrobials was performed using broth microdilution with the Sensititre™ system. Clonal types were determined by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). From the analysis, 211/238 (88.7%), 170/210 (81%), and 136/152 (89.5%) samples from cattle, chicken, and swine, respectively, were positive for E. coli. A subset of those isolates (n=211) selected based on β-lactamase production was chosen for further study. Overall, E. coli exhibited the highest resistance to tetracycline (124/211; 58.8%), trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (84/211; 39.8%), and ampicillin (72/211; 34.1%). Approximately 40% of the isolates were pan-susceptible, and none of the isolates were resistant to amikacin, cefepime, ceftazidime, ertapenem, meropenem, or tigecycline. Among the resistant isolates, 28 different resistance patterns were observed; 26 of those were characterized as multi-drug resistant (MDR; resistance to ≥2 antimicrobials). One isolate was resistant to 13 different antimicrobials representing five different antimicrobial classes. Using PFGE, MDR E. coli were genetically diverse and overall did not group based on source; identical PFGE patterns were detected among isolates from different sources. These results suggest that isolates cannot be attributed to specific sources, and some may be present across all of the sources. Results from this study indicate that food-producing animals in Nigeria are a reservoir of MDR E. coli that may be transferred to humans via the food chain.
authors: 1Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, College of Health Sciences, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Sagamu, Nigeria.
authors: Eyitayo O
authors: EO
authors: Adenipekun
authors: 2Bacterial Epidemiology and Antimicrobial Resistance Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Richard B. Russell Research Center, Athens, Georgia.
authors: Charlene R
authors: CR
authors: Jackson
authors: 1Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, College of Health Sciences, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Sagamu, Nigeria.
authors: Afolabi
authors: A
authors: Oluwadun
authors: 1Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, College of Health Sciences, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Sagamu, Nigeria.|3Department of Biochemistry, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Lagos, Nigeria.
authors: Bamidele A
authors: BA
authors: Iwalokun
authors: 2Bacterial Epidemiology and Antimicrobial Resistance Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Richard B. Russell Research Center, Athens, Georgia.
authors: Jonathan G
authors: JG
authors: Frye
authors: 2Bacterial Epidemiology and Antimicrobial Resistance Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Richard B. Russell Research Center, Athens, Georgia.
authors: John B
authors: JB
authors: Barrett
authors: 2Bacterial Epidemiology and Antimicrobial Resistance Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Richard B. Russell Research Center, Athens, Georgia.
authors: Lari M
authors: LM
authors: Hiott
authors: 2Bacterial Epidemiology and Antimicrobial Resistance Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Richard B. Russell Research Center, Athens, Georgia.
authors: Tiffanie A
authors: TA
authors: Woodley
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D002417:Cattle; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D004197:Disease Reservoirs / Q000382:microbiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D024901:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics*; D016521:Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D004927:Escherichia coli Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D005243:Feces / Q000382:microbiology; D006801:Humans; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D009549:Nigeria / Q000453:epidemiology; D011200:Poultry; D011201:Poultry Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D015995:Prevalence; D013552:Swine; D013553:Swine Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D001618:beta-Lactamases / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D001618:beta-Lactamases