title: The effect of alcohol consumption on periodontitis in older Danes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the association of alcohol consumption measured at different points in time and periodontitis at 20 years follow-up and to investigate whether long-term alcohol consumption is related to periodontitis in old age.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants aged 65 years or older in 2003, from the longitudinal study Copenhagen City Heart Study (CCHS), were invited to participate in the Copenhagen Oral Health Senior Study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Clinical periodontal attachment loss was calculated to determine the progress of periodontitis. Alcohol consumption was measured at CCHS follow-ups in 1981-1983, 1991-1994 and 2001-2003, using a standard questionnaire. Alcohol consumption was defined as light, moderate and heavy drinking and used individually for each follow-up. The three follow-ups were summarized into long-term alcohol consumption. Logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the relation between alcohol consumption measured at different points in time and periodontitis and to assess the effect of long-term alcohol consumption on periodontitis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results show that heavy drinkers in 1981-1983 had a higher odds ratio for having periodontitis compared to light drinkers (OR = 4.64 95% CI = [1.1; 19.42]).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Early consumption of alcohol may increase the odds of having periodontitis 20 years later. There is a need for further studies including larger populations to investigate both alcohol consumption measured at different points in time, and long-term alcohol consumption and periodontitis progression over time.
authors: Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.|Department of Oral Health Care, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Hach
authors: Department of Odontology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Holm-Pedersen
authors: Research Unit for Dietary Studies, Institute of Preventive Medicine, Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.|Department of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London, UK.
authors: A R A
authors: AR
authors: Adegboye
authors: Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.|Centre for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.|Danish Aging Research Centre, University of Southern Denmark, University of Aarhus, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Avlund
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003718:Denmark / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D010518:Periodontitis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: long-term alcohol consumption; older population; periodontitis