title: Improved stability and enhanced efficiency to degrade chlorimuron-ethyl by the entrapment of esterase SulE in cross-linked poly (γ-glutamic acid)/gelatin hydrogel.
abstract: Free enzymes often undergo some problems such as easy deactivation, low stability, and less recycling in biodegradation processes, especially in soil condition. A novel esterase SulE, which is responsible for primary degradation of a wide range of sulfonylurea herbicides by methyl or ethyl ester de-esterification, was expressed by strain Hansschlegelia sp. CHL1 and entrapped for the first time in an environment-friendly, biocompatible and biodegradable cross-linked poly (γ-glutamic acid)/gelatin hydrogel (CPE). The activity and stability of CPE-SulE were compared with free SulE under varying pH and temperature condition by measuring chlorimuron-ethyl residue. Meanwhile, the three-dimensional network of CPE-SulE was verified by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results showed that CPE-SulE obviously improved thermostability, pH stability and reusability compared with free SulE. Furthermore, CPE-SulE enhanced degrading efficiency of chlorimuron-ethyl in both soil and water system, especially in acid environment. The characteristics of CPE-SulE suggested the great potential to remediate chlorimuron-ethyl contaminated soils in situ.
authors: State Key Laboratory of Forest and Soil Ecology, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
authors: Liqiang
authors: L
authors: Yang
authors: State Key Laboratory of Forest and Soil Ecology, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China.
authors: Xinyu
authors: X
authors: Li
authors: State Key Laboratory of Forest and Soil Ecology, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China.
authors: Xu
authors: X
authors: Li
authors: State Key Laboratory of Forest and Soil Ecology, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China.
authors: Zhencheng
authors: Z
authors: Su
authors: State Key Laboratory of Forest and Soil Ecology, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China.
authors: Chenggang
authors: C
authors: Zhang
authors: State Key Laboratory of Forest and Soil Ecology, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China.
authors: MingKai
authors: M
authors: Xu
authors: State Key Laboratory of Forest and Soil Ecology, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China. Electronic address: hwzhang@iae.ac.cn.
authors: Huiwen
authors: H
authors: Zhang
mesh_terms: D052918:Environmental Restoration and Remediation / Q000379:methods; D004795:Enzyme Stability; D004800:Enzymes, Immobilized / Q000737:chemistry; D004950:Esterases / Q000737:chemistry*; D005780:Gelatin / Q000737:chemistry*; D006540:Herbicides / Q000737:chemistry*; D006358:Hot Temperature; D020100:Hydrogels / Q000737:chemistry*; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D011099:Polyglutamic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry; D011743:Pyrimidines / Q000737:chemistry*; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000737:chemistry; D013453:Sulfonylurea Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D004800:Enzymes, Immobilized; D006540:Herbicides; D020100:Hydrogels; D011743:Pyrimidines; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D013453:Sulfonylurea Compounds; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C511775:poly(gamma-glutamic acid); D011099:Polyglutamic Acid; D005780:Gelatin; C112343:chlorimuron ethyl; D004950:Esterases
keywords: CPE-SulE; Chlorimuron-ethyl; Cross-linked poly (γ-glutamic acid)/gelatin hydrogel; Immobilization