title: Reducing bias and analyzing variability in the time-left procedure.
abstract: The time-left procedure was designed to evaluate the psychophysical function for time. Although previous results indicated a linear relationship, it is not clear what role the observed bias toward the time-left option plays in this procedure and there are no reports of how variability changes with predicted indifference. The purposes of this experiment were to reduce bias experimentally, and to contrast the difference limen (a measure of variability around indifference) with predictions from scalar expectancy theory (linear timing) and behavioral economic model (logarithmic timing). A control group of 6 rats performed the original time-left procedure with C=60 s and S=5, 10,…, 50, 55 s, whereas a no-bias group of 6 rats performed the same conditions in a modified time-left procedure in which only a single response per choice trial was allowed. Results showed that bias was reduced for the no-bias group, observed indifference grew linearly with predicted indifference for both groups, and difference limen and Weber ratios decreased as expected indifference increased for the control group, which is consistent with linear timing, whereas for the no-bias group they remained constant, consistent with logarithmic timing. Therefore, the time-left procedure generates results consistent with logarithmic perceived time once bias is experimentally reduced.
authors: Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico. Electronic address: Rmanute@gmail.com.
authors: R Emmanuel
authors: RE
authors: Trujano
authors: Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico.
authors: Vladimir
authors: V
authors: Orduña
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal; D002755:Choice Behavior; D003216:Conditioning, Operant / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012055:Reinforcement Schedule; D013995:Time; D013998:Time Perception / Q000502:physiology*
keywords: Bias; Linear timing; Logarithmic timing; Time-left