title: PIPs in neurological diseases.
abstract: Phosphoinositide (PIP) lipids regulate many aspects of cell function in the nervous system including receptor signalling, secretion, endocytosis, migration and survival. Levels of PIPs such as PI4P, PI(4,5)P2 and PI(3,4,5)P3 are normally tightly regulated by phosphoinositide kinases and phosphatases. Deregulation of these biochemical pathways leads to lipid imbalances, usually on intracellular endosomal membranes, and these changes have been linked to a number of major neurological diseases including Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, epilepsy, stroke, cancer and a range of rarer inherited disorders including brain overgrowth syndromes, Charcot-Marie-Tooth neuropathies and neurodevelopmental conditions such as Lowe's syndrome. This article analyses recent progress in this area and explains how PIP lipids are involved, to varying degrees, in almost every class of neurological disease. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Brain Lipids.
authors: Lipid and Membrane Biology Group, Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, UCL, Royal Free Campus, Rowland Hill Street, London NW3 2PF, United Kingdom. Electronic address: m.waugh@ucl.ac.uk.
authors: Mark G
authors: MG
authors: Waugh
mesh_terms: D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D002607:Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D015870:Gene Expression; D006801:Humans; D009154:Mutation; D009800:Oculocerebrorenal Syndrome / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D051059:PTEN Phosphohydrolase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D010716:Phosphatidylinositols / Q000378:metabolism*; D017853:Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor) / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction; D020521:Stroke / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D010716:Phosphatidylinositols; D017853:Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor); D051059:PTEN Phosphohydrolase
keywords: Brain; Disease; Endosome; Lipid; Membrane; Phosphatidylinositol