title: Real-time monitoring of arsenic trioxide release and delivery by activatable T(1) imaging.
abstract: Delivery of arsenic trioxide (ATO), a clinical anticancer drug, has drawn much attention to improve its pharmacokinetics and bioavailability for efficient cancer therapy. Real-time and in situ monitoring of ATO behaviors in vivo is highly desirable for efficient tumor treatment. Herein, we report an ATO-based multifunctional drug delivery system that efficiently delivers ATO to treat tumors and allows real-time monitoring of ATO release by activatable T1 imaging. We loaded water-insoluble manganese arsenite complexes, the ATO prodrug, into hollow silica nanoparticles to form a pH-sensitive multifunctional drug delivery system. Acidic stimuli triggered the simultaneous release of manganese ions and ATO, which dramatically increased the T1 signal (bright signal) and enabled real-time visualization and monitoring of ATO release and delivery. Moreover, this smart multifunctional drug delivery system significantly improved ATO efficacy and strongly inhibited the growth of solid tumors without adverse side effects. This strategy has great potential for real-time monitoring of theranostic drug delivery in cancer diagnosis and therapy.
authors: †State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, and Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
authors: Zhenghuan
authors: Z
authors: Zhao
authors: ‡Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Chronic Liver Disease and Hepatocellular Carcinoma, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361004, P. R. China.
authors: Xiaomin
authors: X
authors: Wang
authors: †State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, and Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
authors: Zongjun
authors: Z
authors: Zhang
authors: †State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, and Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
authors: Hui
authors: H
authors: Zhang
authors: †State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, and Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
authors: Hanyu
authors: H
authors: Liu
authors: †State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, and Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
authors: Xianglong
authors: X
authors: Zhu
authors: ‡Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Chronic Liver Disease and Hepatocellular Carcinoma, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361004, P. R. China.
authors: Hui
authors: H
authors: Li
authors: ‡Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Chronic Liver Disease and Hepatocellular Carcinoma, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361004, P. R. China.
authors: Xiaoqin
authors: X
authors: Chi
authors: ‡Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Chronic Liver Disease and Hepatocellular Carcinoma, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361004, P. R. China.
authors: Zhenyu
authors: Z
authors: Yin
authors: †State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, and Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
authors: Jinhao
authors: J
authors: Gao
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D000077237:Arsenic Trioxide; D001152:Arsenicals / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D004337:Drug Carriers / Q000737:chemistry*; D065546:Drug Liberation; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008345:Manganese / Q000737:chemistry; D051379:Mice; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry; D010087:Oxides / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D012822:Silicon Dioxide / Q000737:chemistry; D012995:Solubility; D013499:Surface Properties; D000068936:Theranostic Nanomedicine / Q000379:methods*; D013997:Time Factors; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D001152:Arsenicals; D004337:Drug Carriers; D010087:Oxides; D014867:Water; D008345:Manganese; D012822:Silicon Dioxide; D000077237:Arsenic Trioxide
keywords: activatable T1 imaging; arsenic trioxide; cancer diagnosis; cancer therapy; monitoring