title: Academic Outcomes for School-Aged Children With Severe-Profound Hearing Loss and Early Unilateral and Bilateral Cochlear Implants.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study sought to (a) determine whether academic outcomes for children who received early cochlear implants (CIs) are age appropriate, (b) determine whether bilateral CI use significantly improves academic outcomes, and (c) identify other factors that are predictive of these outcomes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-four 8-year-old children with severe-profound hearing loss participated in this study. Their academic development in mathematics, oral language, reading, and written language was assessed using a standardized test of academic achievement.
  
  
  RESULTS
  (a) Across all academic areas, the proportion of children in the average or above-average ranges was lower than expected for children with normal hearing. The strongest area of performance was written language, and the weakest was mathematics. (b) Children using bilateral CIs achieved significantly higher scores for oral language, math, and written language, after controlling for predictive factors, than did children using unilateral CIs. Younger ages at second CI predicted the largest improvements. (c) High levels of parental involvement and greater time spent by children reading significantly predicted academic success, although other factors were identified.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Average academic outcomes for these children were below those of children with normal hearing. Having bilateral CIs at younger ages predicted the best outcomes. Family environment was also important to children's academic performance.
authors: Julia Z
authors: JZ
authors: Sarant
authors: David C
authors: DC
authors: Harris
authors: Lisa A
authors: LA
authors: Bennet
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D001315:Australia; D002648:Child; D019929:Cochlear Implantation / Q000379:methods; D003054:Cochlear Implants; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004522:Educational Status; D005260:Female; D007839:Functional Laterality; D034381:Hearing Loss / Q000534:rehabilitation* / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D007807:Language Tests; D008297:Male; D055641:Mathematical Concepts; D011379:Prognosis; D011581:Psychological Tests; D011932:Reading; D012044:Regression Analysis; D013060:Speech; D014956:Writing