title: Increased carotid intima-media thickness is not associated with T-cell activation nor with cytomegalovirus in HIV-infected never-smoker patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Increased risk of cardiovascular disease in patients infected with HIV has been attributed to immune activation, inflammation, and immunosenescence, all of which are linked to chronic immune activation by viral infections, particularly cytomegalovirus (CMV). Our aim is to evaluate the impact of these atherogenic markers in HIV-infected patients who never smoked.
  
  
  METHODS
  Exposure-matched, cross-sectional study.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 59 HIV-infected individuals [n = 30 undergoing ≥4 years of antiretroviral therapy (ART); n = 29 never treated with ART] and 30 age-matched HIV-negative controls, we measured the level of activation and senescence, as well as the frequency of CMV-specific T cells, on peripheral blood mononuclear cells, while examining their association with carotid intima-media thickness. Partial correlations were adjusted for age, systolic blood pressure, and nadir CD4 cell count.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The previously described roles of T-cell activation, CMV, and immunosenescence in the atherosclerotic risk of HIV-infected patients, as assessed by carotid intima-media thickness, were not apparent in our cohort of particularly 'healthy' HIV-infected never-smokers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In HIV-infected individuals at low cardiovascular disease risk, our data show that the increased risk of carotid atherosclerosis is not associated with immunological markers described to be associated with HIV disease progression.
authors: aINSERM U1135, UPMC UMRS CR7, Infections and Immunity, Université Pierre et Marie Curie- Paris 6, Hôpital Pitié Salpétrière bINSERM, UMR_S1136, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique cAP-HP Department of Cardiology, Hôpital Saint-Antoine dUPMC University Paris 06 eINSERM UMR_S938 fAP-HP Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Paris, France gDepartment of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, USA hINSERM U1153, Centre de recherche Epidémiologies et Biostatistique iEcole des Hautes Etudes en Santé Publique jAP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Laboratoire d'immunologie Cellulaire et Tissulaire, Paris, France.
authors: Tiphaine
authors: T
authors: Goulenok
authors: Anders
authors: A
authors: Boyd
authors: Martin
authors: M
authors: Larsen
authors: Solène
authors: S
authors: Fastenackels
authors: Franck
authors: F
authors: Boccara
authors: Jean-Luc
authors: JL
authors: Meynard
authors: Nabila
authors: N
authors: Hadour
authors: Assia
authors: A
authors: Samri
authors: Moïse
authors: M
authors: Desvarieux
authors: Brigitte
authors: B
authors: Autran
authors: Victor
authors: V
authors: Appay
authors: Pierre-Marie
authors: PM
authors: Girard
authors: Delphine
authors: D
authors: Sauce
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology*; D059168:Carotid Intima-Media Thickness; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003586:Cytomegalovirus Infections / Q000473:pathology*; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D017539:Tunica Intima / Q000473:pathology*