title: Xylitol production in immobilized cultures: a recent review.
abstract: Xylitol is a pentahydroxy sugar alcohol coming from xylose with many applications in the food and pharmaceutical industries as a low caloric sweetener suitable for diabetics and as an active ingredient in several biomedical applications. The microbial bioproduction of xylitol from natural xylose coming from lignocellulosic materials appears a sustainable and a promising alternative to chemical synthesis, which works at stronger reaction conditions and generates undesirable co-products which must be removed. There are several reviews that study the metabolic pathways in wild and transformed xylitol producing yeasts and the culture conditions that enhance xylitol accumulation, which are mainly related to the need of microaerobiose for the best producing wild yeasts. Nevertheless, there are relatively few studies focusing on the engineering aspects related to scalable systems and bioreactors that could result in a final industrial stage. This review explores recent advances on xylitol production using immobilized systems, which have been proposed to facilitate the reuse of the biocatalyst for extended periods and the main types of bioreactors available assayed for this purpose.
authors: a Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemical Engineering , University of Vigo (Campus Ourense) , Ourense , Spain .|b Laboratory of Agro-food Biotechnology , CITI (University of Vigo)-Tecnópole, Technological Park of Galicia, San Cibrao das Viñas , Ourense , Spain .
authors: Belinda
authors: B
authors: Pérez-Bibbins
authors: c Bromatology Group, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry , University of Vigo (Campus Ourense) , Ourense , Spain , and.
authors: Ana
authors: A
authors: Torrado-Agrasar
authors: a Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemical Engineering , University of Vigo (Campus Ourense) , Ourense , Spain .|b Laboratory of Agro-food Biotechnology , CITI (University of Vigo)-Tecnópole, Technological Park of Galicia, San Cibrao das Viñas , Ourense , Spain .
authors: José Manuel
authors: JM
authors: Salgado
authors: d Department of Biotechnology , Delft University of Technology , Delft , The Netherlands.
authors: Solange I
authors: SI
authors: Mussatto
authors: a Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemical Engineering , University of Vigo (Campus Ourense) , Ourense , Spain .|b Laboratory of Agro-food Biotechnology , CITI (University of Vigo)-Tecnópole, Technological Park of Galicia, San Cibrao das Viñas , Ourense , Spain .
authors: José Manuel
authors: JM
authors: Domínguez
mesh_terms: D019149:Bioreactors; D018914:Cells, Immobilized / Q000378:metabolism; D014993:Xylitol / Q000378:metabolism*; D015003:Yeasts / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D014993:Xylitol
keywords: Batch systems; continuous fermentation; fed-batch systems; fluidized bed reactor; immobilization; packed bed reactors; xylitol