title: Sonographic and MRI findings in neonates following selective cerebral hypothermia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hypoxic ischemic insults during labor remain an important cause of brain injury in term and near-term neonates. Selective cerebral hypothermia is a potentially neuroprotective rescue therapy. Ultrasonography (US) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are routinely used to visualize intracranial changes in neonatal hypoxic-ischemic injuries.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We attempted to describe all pathological findings on US and MRI in the brains of our patients following selective cerebral hypothermia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-nine neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) following therapeutic cooling were assessed with cranial ultrasound (US) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The findings were compared with the clinical outcome.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Over one-fourth (27.6%) of the examined infants had a normal brain on MRI (with only 17.2% on US). Involvement of the basal ganglia and thalami was one of the most frequent findings in our material (9/29 = 31% on MRI, and 7/29-24.1% on US). Cerebral parenchymal hemorrhage was detected on MRI in as many as 7 (24.1%) and cerebellar parenchymal hemorrhage in 4 (13.8%) infants. The loss in the gray-white matter differentiation ('fuzzy brain'), usually transient on US, was observed in 79.3% of the neonates. Diffusion restriction in the callosal splenium (13.8%) and hyperechoic thalami and basal ganglia were strictly correlated to a significantly higher incidence of severe developmental delay.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Abnormalities on MRI and US were observed in 75% of newborns with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy treated with therapeutic hypothermia.
authors: Renata
authors: R
authors: Bokiniec
authors: Monika
authors: M
authors: Bekiesińska-Figatowska
authors: Iwona
authors: I
authors: Rudzińska
authors: Maria Katarzyna
authors: MK
authors: Borszewska-Kornacka
mesh_terms: D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D007036:Hypothermia, Induced / Q000379:methods*; D020925:Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy*; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000502:physiology; D011379:Prognosis; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016896:Treatment Outcome