title: Systemic exposure to and disposition of catechols derived from Salvia miltiorrhiza roots (Danshen) after intravenous dosing DanHong injection in human subjects, rats, and dogs.
abstract: DanHong injection is a Danshen (Salvia miltiorrhiza roots)-based injectable solution for treatment of coronary artery disease and ischemic stroke. Danshen catechols are believed to be responsible for the injection's therapeutic effects. This study aimed to characterize systemic exposure to and elimination of Danshen catechols in human subjects, rats, and dogs receiving intravenous DanHong injection. A total of 28 catechols were detected, with content levels of 0.002-7.066 mM in the injection, and the major compounds included tanshinol, protocatechuic aldehyde, salvianolic acid B, rosmarinic acid, salvianolic acids A and D, and lithospermic acid with their daily doses ≥10 μmol/subject. After dosing, tanshinol, salvianolic acid D, and lithospermic acid exhibited considerable exposure in human subjects and rats. However, only tanshinol had considerable exposure in dogs. The considerable exposure to tanshinol was due to its having the highest dose, whereas that to salvianolic acid D and lithospermic acid was due to their relatively long elimination half-lives in the human subjects and rats. Protocatechuic aldehyde and rosmarinic acid circulated in the bloodstream predominantly as metabolites; salvianolic acids A and B exhibited low plasma levels with their human plasma metabolites little or not detected. Tanshinol and salvianolic acid D were eliminated mainly via renal excretion. Elimination of other catechols involved hepatobiliary and/or renal excretion of their metabolites. Methylation was found to be the primary metabolism for most Danshen catechols and showed intercompound and interspecies differences in rate and degree in vitro. The information gained here is relevant to pharmacological and toxicological research on DanHong injection.
authors: Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (M.L., F.W., F.D., C.Z., O.E.O., W.J., F.X., J.D., J.L., J.B.R.L., L.L., C.L.); University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (M.L., L.L., C.L.); Second Affiliated Hospital, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Tianjin, China (Y.H., Y.L.); Buchang Pharmacy Group, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China (B.Z., L.J.); and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China (C.L.).
authors: Meijuan
authors: M
authors: Li
authors: Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (M.L., F.W., F.D., C.Z., O.E.O., W.J., F.X., J.D., J.L., J.B.R.L., L.L., C.L.); University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (M.L., L.L., C.L.); Second Affiliated Hospital, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Tianjin, China (Y.H., Y.L.); Buchang Pharmacy Group, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China (B.Z., L.J.); and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China (C.L.).
authors: Fengqing
authors: F
authors: Wang
authors: Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (M.L., F.W., F.D., C.Z., O.E.O., W.J., F.X., J.D., J.L., J.B.R.L., L.L., C.L.); University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (M.L., L.L., C.L.); Second Affiliated Hospital, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Tianjin, China (Y.H., Y.L.); Buchang Pharmacy Group, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China (B.Z., L.J.); and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China (C.L.).
authors: Yühong
authors: Y
authors: Huang
authors: Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (M.L., F.W., F.D., C.Z., O.E.O., W.J., F.X., J.D., J.L., J.B.R.L., L.L., C.L.); University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (M.L., L.L., C.L.); Second Affiliated Hospital, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Tianjin, China (Y.H., Y.L.); Buchang Pharmacy Group, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China (B.Z., L.J.); and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China (C.L.).
authors: Feifei
authors: F
authors: Du
authors: Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (M.L., F.W., F.D., C.Z., O.E.O., W.J., F.X., J.D., J.L., J.B.R.L., L.L., C.L.); University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (M.L., L.L., C.L.); Second Affiliated Hospital, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Tianjin, China (Y.H., Y.L.); Buchang Pharmacy Group, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China (B.Z., L.J.); and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China (C.L.).
authors: Chenchun
authors: C
authors: Zhong
authors: Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (M.L., F.W., F.D., C.Z., O.E.O., W.J., F.X., J.D., J.L., J.B.R.L., L.L., C.L.); University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (M.L., L.L., C.L.); Second Affiliated Hospital, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Tianjin, China (Y.H., Y.L.); Buchang Pharmacy Group, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China (B.Z., L.J.); and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China (C.L.).
authors: Olajide E
authors: OE
authors: Olaleye
authors: Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (M.L., F.W., F.D., C.Z., O.E.O., W.J., F.X., J.D., J.L., J.B.R.L., L.L., C.L.); University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (M.L., L.L., C.L.); Second Affiliated Hospital, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Tianjin, China (Y.H., Y.L.); Buchang Pharmacy Group, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China (B.Z., L.J.); and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China (C.L.).
authors: Weiwei
authors: W
authors: Jia
authors: Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (M.L., F.W., F.D., C.Z., O.E.O., W.J., F.X., J.D., J.L., J.B.R.L., L.L., C.L.); University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (M.L., L.L., C.L.); Second Affiliated Hospital, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Tianjin, China (Y.H., Y.L.); Buchang Pharmacy Group, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China (B.Z., L.J.); and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China (C.L.).
authors: Yanfen
authors: Y
authors: Li
authors: Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (M.L., F.W., F.D., C.Z., O.E.O., W.J., F.X., J.D., J.L., J.B.R.L., L.L., C.L.); University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (M.L., L.L., C.L.); Second Affiliated Hospital, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Tianjin, China (Y.H., Y.L.); Buchang Pharmacy Group, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China (B.Z., L.J.); and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China (C.L.).
authors: Fang
authors: F
authors: Xu
authors: Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (M.L., F.W., F.D., C.Z., O.E.O., W.J., F.X., J.D., J.L., J.B.R.L., L.L., C.L.); University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (M.L., L.L., C.L.); Second Affiliated Hospital, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Tianjin, China (Y.H., Y.L.); Buchang Pharmacy Group, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China (B.Z., L.J.); and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China (C.L.).
authors: Jiajia
authors: J
authors: Dong
authors: Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (M.L., F.W., F.D., C.Z., O.E.O., W.J., F.X., J.D., J.L., J.B.R.L., L.L., C.L.); University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (M.L., L.L., C.L.); Second Affiliated Hospital, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Tianjin, China (Y.H., Y.L.); Buchang Pharmacy Group, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China (B.Z., L.J.); and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China (C.L.).
authors: Jian
authors: J
authors: Li
authors: Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (M.L., F.W., F.D., C.Z., O.E.O., W.J., F.X., J.D., J.L., J.B.R.L., L.L., C.L.); University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (M.L., L.L., C.L.); Second Affiliated Hospital, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Tianjin, China (Y.H., Y.L.); Buchang Pharmacy Group, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China (B.Z., L.J.); and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China (C.L.).
authors: Justin B R
authors: JB
authors: Lim
authors: Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (M.L., F.W., F.D., C.Z., O.E.O., W.J., F.X., J.D., J.L., J.B.R.L., L.L., C.L.); University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (M.L., L.L., C.L.); Second Affiliated Hospital, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Tianjin, China (Y.H., Y.L.); Buchang Pharmacy Group, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China (B.Z., L.J.); and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China (C.L.).
authors: Buchang
authors: B
authors: Zhao
authors: Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (M.L., F.W., F.D., C.Z., O.E.O., W.J., F.X., J.D., J.L., J.B.R.L., L.L., C.L.); University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (M.L., L.L., C.L.); Second Affiliated Hospital, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Tianjin, China (Y.H., Y.L.); Buchang Pharmacy Group, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China (B.Z., L.J.); and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China (C.L.).
authors: Lifu
authors: L
authors: Jia
authors: Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (M.L., F.W., F.D., C.Z., O.E.O., W.J., F.X., J.D., J.L., J.B.R.L., L.L., C.L.); University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (M.L., L.L., C.L.); Second Affiliated Hospital, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Tianjin, China (Y.H., Y.L.); Buchang Pharmacy Group, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China (B.Z., L.J.); and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China (C.L.).
authors: Li
authors: L
authors: Li
authors: Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (M.L., F.W., F.D., C.Z., O.E.O., W.J., F.X., J.D., J.L., J.B.R.L., L.L., C.L.); University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (M.L., L.L., C.L.); Second Affiliated Hospital, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Tianjin, China (Y.H., Y.L.); Buchang Pharmacy Group, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China (B.Z., L.J.); and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China (C.L.) chli@simm.ac.cn lili2008@simm.ac.cn.
authors: Chuan
authors: C
authors: Li
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002396:Catechols / Q000378:metabolism*; D004285:Dogs; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D027561:Salvia miltiorrhiza / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D002396:Catechols; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; C540581:danhong; C028972:dan-shen root extract