title: The Energy Metabolism in Caenorhabditis elegans under The Extremely Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Field Exposure.
abstract: A literal mountain of documentation generated in the past five decades showing unmistakable health hazards associated with extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMFs) exposure. However, the relation between energy mechanism and ELF-EMF exposure is poorly understood. In this study, Caenorhabditis elegans was exposed to 50 Hz ELF-EMF at intensities of 0.5, 1, 2, and 3 mT, respectively. Their metabolite variations were analyzed by GC-TOF/MS-based metabolomics. Although minimal metabolic variations and no regular pattern were observed, the contents of energy metabolism-related metabolites such as pyruvic acid, fumaric acid, and L-malic acid were elevated in all the treatments. The expressions of nineteen related genes that encode glycolytic enzymes were analyzed by using quantitative real-time PCR. Only genes encoding GAPDH were significantly upregulated (P < 0.01), and this result was further confirmed by western blot analysis. The enzyme activity of GAPDH was increased (P < 0.01), whereas the total intracellular ATP level was decreased. While no significant difference in lifespan, hatching rate and reproduction, worms exposed to ELF-EMF exhibited less food consumption compared with that of the control (P < 0.01). In conclusion, C. elegans exposed to ELF-EMF have enhanced energy metabolism and restricted dietary, which might contribute to the resistance against exogenous ELF-EMF stress.
authors: 1] Physical Environment Group, Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1799 Jimei Road, Xiamen 361021, P. R. China [2] University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, P. R. China.
authors: Zhenhua
authors: Z
authors: Shi
authors: Physical Environment Group, Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1799 Jimei Road, Xiamen 361021, P. R. China.
authors: Hui
authors: H
authors: Yu
authors: 1] Physical Environment Group, Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1799 Jimei Road, Xiamen 361021, P. R. China [2] University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, P. R. China.
authors: Yongyan
authors: Y
authors: Sun
authors: Physical Environment Group, Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1799 Jimei Road, Xiamen 361021, P. R. China.
authors: Chuanjun
authors: C
authors: Yang
authors: Physical Environment Group, Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1799 Jimei Road, Xiamen 361021, P. R. China.
authors: Huiyong
authors: H
authors: Lian
authors: Physical Environment Group, Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1799 Jimei Road, Xiamen 361021, P. R. China.
authors: Peng
authors: P
authors: Cai
mesh_terms: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000032:analysis; D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D017173:Caenorhabditis elegans / Q000378:metabolism*; D004574:Electromagnetic Fields; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000528:radiation effects; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D005987:Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D016018:Least-Squares Analysis; D055432:Metabolomics; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000528:radiation effects
chemical_list: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D005987:Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenases