title: Comparison of two bupivacaine delivery methods to control postoperative pain after enucleation in dogs.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the efficacy of a preoperative retrobulbar injection of bupivacaine to an intraoperative splash block of bupivacaine in controlling postoperative pain following enucleation in dogs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, randomized, double-masked clinical study of 31 client owned dogs with end-stage ophthalmic disease requiring enucleation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Dogs admitted for unilateral enucleation were randomly assigned to receive bupivacaine 0.5% (1 mL/kg) into the retrobulbar space either via an inferior-temporal palpebral (ITP) injection preoperatively or an intraoperative splash block. Pain was assessed prior to pre-anesthetic sedation and at 0, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 6, 8, and 24 hours (H) after extubation by masked observers using a previously described subjective pain scoring system. Rescue analgesia was initiated if overall pain score was >9 or if the score in any category at any time point was >3.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no adverse reactions. One of 15 dogs that received bupivacaine via a preoperative retrobulbar ITP injection required rescue analgesia. There was no significant difference between groups with regard to the need for rescue analgesia or pain scores at any time point or overall.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pain control using an intraoperative orbital splash administration of bupivacaine is not significantly different to a preoperative retrobulbar injection of bupivacaine.
authors: Veterinary Specialty Hospital, 1/F, 165 Wanchai Road, Wan Chai, Hong Kong.
authors: Derek W Y
authors: DW
authors: Chow
authors: Department of Mathematics, The Hong Kong University of Science & Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
authors: Man Yu
authors: MY
authors: Wong
authors: NC State College of Veterinary Medicine1060 William Moore Drive, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA.
authors: Hans D
authors: HD
authors: Westermeyer
mesh_terms: D000772:Anesthesia, Local / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000818:Animals; D002045:Bupivacaine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000601:surgery*; D004285:Dogs; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D015353:Eye Enucleation / Q000662:veterinary*; D005260:Female; D056965:Injections, Intraocular / Q000662:veterinary; D008297:Male; D059408:Pain Management / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000662:veterinary*
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D002045:Bupivacaine
keywords: analgesia; bupivacaine; dogs; enucleation; retrobulbar injection; splash block