title: The activation of NG2 expressing cells is downstream to microglial reaction and mediated by the transforming growth factor beta 1.
abstract: In the present study, we investigated the mechanism of activation of NG2 expressing cells. Application of microglial inhibitors not only attenuated morphological changes but also significantly retarded increase in the number of NG2 expressing cells. Intracerebral injection of TGF-β1 led to a profound activation of NG2 glia as well as an earlier accumulation of NG2(+)-microglia, whilst inhibition of TGF-β1 Smad2/3 signalling pathway eventually attenuated their active responses. We conclude that the activation of NG2 expressing cells is an event downstream to microglial reaction and TGF-β1 secreted from microglia might play an important role in modulation of the function of NG2 expressing cells.
authors: Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
authors: Ping
authors: P
authors: Xiang
authors: Department of Plastic Surgery, Chang Zheng Hospital, Shanghai, China.
authors: Lie
authors: L
authors: Zhu
authors: Department of Plastic Surgery, Chang Zheng Hospital, Shanghai, China.
authors: Hua
authors: H
authors: Jiang
authors: Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore. Electronic address: anthebp@nus.edu.sg.
authors: Bei Ping
authors: BP
authors: He
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000906:Antibodies / Q000494:pharmacology; D000941:Antigens / Q000378:metabolism*; D039481:CD11b Antigen / Q000378:metabolism; D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D002452:Cell Count; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D008840:Microfilament Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D017628:Microglia / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D008911:Minocycline / Q000494:pharmacology; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D011509:Proteoglycans / Q000378:metabolism*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D013997:Time Factors; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1 / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D000099216:Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycan 4
chemical_list: D000906:Antibodies; D000941:Antigens; D039481:CD11b Antigen; D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins; D016207:Cytokines; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D008840:Microfilament Proteins; D008911:Minocycline; D011509:Proteoglycans; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1; D000099216:Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycan 4; C100745:Aif1 protein, rat
keywords: Lipopolysaccharide; Microglia; NG2; NG2 expressing cells; TGF-β1