title: PICU Nurses' Pain Assessments and Intervention Choices for Virtual Human and Written Vignettes.
abstract: The purpose of this concurrent mixed-methods study was to 1) examine the factors pediatric intensive care unit nurses consider when assessing and intervening for children who report severe pain and to 2) determine the effect of child behavior and diagnosis on the nurses' pain ratings and intervention choices for written and virtual human vignettes. Quantitative and qualitative results substantiated that despite recommendations to use self-report, many PICU nurses use behavior as the primary indicator to assess and treat pain, even when a child is old enough to articulate pain intensity and there is sufficient cause for pain to be present.
authors: University of Illinois at Chicago College of Nursing, Chicago, IL. Electronic address: cynthia-lafond@uiowa.edu.
authors: Cynthia M
authors: CM
authors: LaFond
authors: University of Illinois at Chicago College of Nursing, Chicago, IL. Electronic address: vincentc@uic.edu.
authors: Catherine
authors: C
authors: Van Hulle Vincent
authors: University of Illinois at Chicago College of Nursing, Chicago, IL. Electronic address: cortec@uic.edu.
authors: Colleen
authors: C
authors: Corte
authors: University of Illinois at Chicago College of Nursing, Chicago, IL. Electronic address: phersh2@uic.edu.
authors: Patricia E
authors: PE
authors: Hershberger
authors: University of Illinois at Chicago, Electronic Visualization Laboratory Department of Computer Science, Chicago, IL. Electronic address: aej@evl.uic.edu.
authors: Andrew
authors: A
authors: Johnson
authors: University of Illinois at Chicago College of Nursing, Chicago, IL. Electronic address: cpark@uic.edu.
authors: Chang G
authors: CG
authors: Park
authors: University of Illinois at Chicago College of Nursing, Chicago, IL. Electronic address: diwilkie@uic.edu.
authors: Diana J
authors: DJ
authors: Wilkie
mesh_terms: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002648:Child; D002673:Child, Hospitalized; D003657:Decision Making; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015278:Intensive Care Units, Pediatric; D008297:Male; D009730:Nursing Assessment; D059408:Pain Management / Q000451:nursing*; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000451:nursing*; D010371:Pediatric Nursing; D012904:Smiling
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid
keywords: Acute pain; Hospitalized child; Knowledge use in pain care; Patient simulation; Pediatric intensive care; Pediatric nurse