title: Are there high-risk groups among physicians that are more vulnerable to on-call work?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Work done in the emergency departments is one stressful aspect of physicians' work. Numerous previous studies have highlighted the stressfulness of on-call work and especially of night on call. In addition, previous studies suggest that there may be individual differences in adjusting to changes in circadian rhythms and on-call work.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to examine whether physicians' on-call work is associated with perceived work-related stress factors and job resources and whether there are groups that are more vulnerable to on-call work according to sex, age, and specialization status.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a cross-sectional questionnaire study among 3230 Finnish physicians (61.5% women). The analyses were conducted using analyses of covariance adjusted for sex, age, specialization status, and employment sector.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Physicians with on-call duties had more time pressure and stress related to team work and patient information systems compared with those who did not have on-call duties. In addition, they had less job control opportunities and experienced organization as less fair and team climate as worse. Older physicians and specialists seemed to be especially vulnerable to on-call work regarding stress factors, whereas younger and specialist trainees seemed vulnerable to on-call work regarding job resources.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Focusing on team issues and resources is important for younger physicians and trainees having on-call duties, whereas for older and specialists, attention should be focused on actual work load and time pressure.
authors: National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland. Electronic address: tarja.heponiemi@thl.fi.
authors: Tarja
authors: T
authors: Heponiemi
authors: National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.
authors: Anna-Mari
authors: AM
authors: Aalto
authors: National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.
authors: Laura
authors: L
authors: Pekkarinen
authors: National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.
authors: Eeva
authors: E
authors: Siuvatti
authors: National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.
authors: Marko
authors: M
authors: Elovainio
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002940:Circadian Rhythm; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005387:Finland / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D007588:Job Satisfaction; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010820:Physicians / Q000523:psychology*; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014940:Work Schedule Tolerance / Q000523:psychology*; D016526:Workload / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*