title: Sports-Related Concussion in Helmeted vs. Unhelmeted Athletes: Who Fares Worse?
abstract: In the management of sports-related concussion, little is known about the effect of wearing or not wearing a helmet (i. e., helmet status) on the acute outcomes of concussed athletes. We endeavored to assess acute neurocognitive and symptom changes after SRC in helmeted vs. unhelmeted athletes. In a retrospective study, 1 025 athletes from 2 regional databases sustained a SRC. Athletes were matched by age, gender, number of prior concussions, and days to post-concussion test, yielding a final cohort of 138 athletes. For each group of 69, differences in post-concussion neurocognitive and symptom scores were compared using group mean differences as well as reliable change index (RCI) scores set at the 80% confidence interval. With gender, prior concussions, and days to post-concussion test similar in each group, using group mean change scores and RCI methodology, we found no significant differences between the helmeted and unhelmeted groups in 4 neurocognitive tests and one total symptom score. In a cohort of carefully matched athletes from 2 regional concussion centers, helmet status was unrelated to neurocognitive scores and total symptoms in athletes after suffering a SRC. These findings suggest that acute outcomes in helmeted vs. unhelmeted sports are quite similar.
authors: Neurosurgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, United States.
authors: S L
authors: SL
authors: Zuckerman
authors: Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, United States.
authors: Y M
authors: YM
authors: Lee
authors: Neurosurgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, United States.
authors: M J
authors: MJ
authors: Odom
authors: Neurosurgery, David Grant Medical Center, Travis Air Force Base, United States.
authors: J A
authors: JA
authors: Forbes
authors: Neurosurgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, United States.
authors: G S
authors: GS
authors: Solomon
authors: Neurosurgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, United States.
authors: A K
authors: AK
authors: Sills
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001265:Athletic Injuries / Q000175:diagnosis*; D001924:Brain Concussion / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005260:Female; D006260:Head Protective Devices; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies