title: Persistent and refractory thrush with unknown cause.
abstract: Oral thrush is considered as the opportunistic infection, which is caused by fungus Candida albicans. Various kinds of immunodeficiency diseases, such as HIV infection, immunosuppressive therapy, use of broad-spectrum antibiotics, and invasive surgical procedures such as solid organ or bone marrow transplantation, lead to increased susceptibility to fungal infections, but persistent and refractory thrush, with typical clinical signs of oral fungal infection and without any other sign of immunodeficiencies, has not been reported so far. We describe a case of persistent and refractory thrush with Klinefelter syndrome (47, XXY) as the unusual cause.
authors: From the *State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Sichuan; and †College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China.
authors: Lili
authors: L
authors: Wang
authors: Dongjuan
authors: D
authors: Liu
authors: Xin
authors: X
authors: Zhao
authors: Lanyan
authors: L
authors: Wu
authors: Yu
authors: Y
authors: Zhou
authors: Qianming
authors: Q
authors: Chen
authors: Xin
authors: X
authors: Zeng
authors: Xin
authors: X
authors: Jin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002180:Candidiasis, Oral / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications*; D006801:Humans; D007165:Immunosuppression Therapy / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D009894:Opportunistic Infections
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents