title: Telemetric monitoring of bladder function in female Göttingen minipigs.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To generate real-time radio-telemetric urodynamic reference data of maximum detrusor pressure (Pdet max ), maximum flow rate (Qmax) and estimated grade of infravesical obstruction, as well as duration of detrusor contraction (DOC), in female Göttingen minipigs and to describe translational aspects of the use of Göttingen minipigs for urological research.
  
  
  METHODS
  A telemetric transmitter was implanted into five female Göttingen minipigs, and 24 h measurements in metabolic cages were taken. Through operator-based analysis, synchronized real-time radio-telemetric cystometric data with flowmetric data and video sequences were used to determine voiding detrusor contractions (VCs) and non-voiding detrusor contractions (NVCs). Furthermore, data from telemetric natural-filling cystometry from free-moving and restricted maintenance conditions were compared for potential differences.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median (range) Pdet max of VCs was 120.6 (21.0-370.0) cmH2 O and, therefore, significantly different from that of NVCs (64.60 [20.4-280.6 cmH2 O] cm H2 O). Intraindividual comparison of minipig data revealed great differences in voiding contractions. The effects of limited movement on VCs were analysed and showed significantly higher Pdet max and lower DOC than in free-moving conditions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The presented data can be used for the development of telecystometric implanted minipig models, to investigate changes of detrusor function such as under- or overactivity, and might serve as model for bladder changes occurring with iatrogenic bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) or different therapeutic options for overactive bladder. Radio-telemetric real-time natural filling and voiding cystometries are feasible, reproducible in non-anaesthetized minipigs with free or limited movement and can give new insights into circadian behaviour and physiological and pathological bladder function.
authors: Department of Urology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
authors: Nadine D
authors: ND
authors: Huppertz
authors: Department of Neuro-Urology, University Clinic Friedrich-Wilhelms-University Bonn and Neurologic Rehabilitation Centre Godeshöhe, Bonn, Germany.
authors: Ruth
authors: R
authors: Kirschner-Hermanns
authors: Institute for Laboratory Animal Science and Experimental Surgery, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
authors: Rene H
authors: RH
authors: Tolba
authors: Department of Urology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
authors: Joachim O
authors: JO
authors: Grosse
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003950:Diagnostic Techniques, Urological / Q000295:instrumentation*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D009119:Muscle Contraction; D013552:Swine; D013556:Swine, Miniature; D013686:Telemetry; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001748:Urinary Bladder Neck Obstruction / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D014563:Urodynamics
keywords: Göttingen minipig; animal model; telemetry; urodynamics