title: Accelerated solvent extraction combined with dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction before gas chromatography with mass spectrometry for the sensitive determination of phenols in soil samples.
abstract: A method combining accelerated solvent extraction with dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction was developed for the first time as a sample pretreatment for the rapid analysis of phenols (including phenol, m-cresol, 2,4-dichlorophenol, and 2,4,6-trichlorophenol) in soil samples. In the accelerated solvent extraction procedure, water was used as an extraction solvent, and phenols were extracted from soil samples into water. The dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction technique was then performed on the obtained aqueous solution. Important accelerated solvent extraction and dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction parameters were investigated and optimized. Under optimized conditions, the new method provided wide linearity (6.1-3080 ng/g), low limits of detection (0.06-1.83 ng/g), and excellent reproducibility (<10%) for phenols. Four real soil samples were analyzed by the proposed method to assess its applicability. Experimental results showed that the soil samples were free of our target compounds, and average recoveries were in the range of 87.9-110%. These findings indicate that accelerated solvent extraction with dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction as a sample pretreatment procedure coupled with gas chromatography and mass spectrometry is an excellent method for the rapid analysis of trace levels of phenols in environmental soil samples.
authors: Key Laboratory for Applied Technology of Sophisticated Analytical Instruments of Shandong Province, Analysis and Test Center, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, China; College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China.
authors: Han-Zhu
authors: HZ
authors: Xing
authors: Xia
authors: X
authors: Wang
authors: Xiang-Feng
authors: XF
authors: Chen
authors: Ming-Lin
authors: ML
authors: Wang
authors: Ru-Song
authors: RS
authors: Zhao
mesh_terms: D000096:Acetone / Q000737:chemistry; D002722:Chlorobenzenes / Q000737:chemistry; D002733:Chlorophenols / Q000737:chemistry; D003408:Cresols / Q000737:chemistry; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D007700:Kinetics; D057230:Limit of Detection; D059625:Liquid-Liquid Extraction; D010636:Phenols / Q000737:chemistry*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry*; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D002722:Chlorobenzenes; D002733:Chlorophenols; D003408:Cresols; D010636:Phenols; D012987:Soil; D012997:Solvents; D000096:Acetone; C032538:4-cresol; C031294:chlorobenzene; C024564:2,4,6-trichlorophenol; C004762:2,4-dichlorophenol
keywords: Accelerated solvent extraction; Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction; Gas chromatography with mass spectrometry; Phenols; Soil