title: S100B blood levels and childhood trauma in adolescent inpatients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Serum levels of the astrocytic protein S100B have been reported to indicate disruption of the blood-brain barrier. In this study, we investigated the relationship between S100B levels and childhood trauma in a child psychiatric inpatient unit.
  
  
  METHODS
  Levels of S100B were measured in a group of youth with mood disorders or psychosis with and without history of childhood trauma as well as in healthy controls. Study participants were 93 inpatient adolescents admitted with a diagnosis of psychosis (N = 67), or mood disorder (N = 26) and 22 healthy adolescents with no history of trauma or psychiatric illness. Childhood trauma was documented using the Life Events Checklist (LEC) and Adverse Child Experiences (ACE).
  
  
  RESULTS
  In a multivariate regression model, suicidality scores and trauma were the only two variables which were independently related to serum S100B levels. Patients with greater levels of childhood trauma had significantly higher S100B levels even after controlling for intensity of suicidal ideation. Patients with psychotic diagnoses and mood disorders did not significantly differ in their levels of S100B. Patients exposed to childhood trauma were significantly more likely to have elevated levels of S100B (p < .001) than patients without trauma, and patients with trauma had significantly higher S100B levels (p < .001) when compared to the control group. LEC (p = 0.046), and BPRS-C suicidality scores (p = 0.001) significantly predicted S100B levels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Childhood trauma can potentially affect the integrity of the blood-brain barrier as indicated by associated increased S100B levels.
authors: Cleveland Clinic, Neurologic Institute, Department of Neurology, 9500 Euclid Avenue, S60, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; Cleveland Clinic, Neurologic Institute, Department of Psychiatry, 9500 Euclid Avenue, P57, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA. Electronic address: falcont1@ccf.org.
authors: Tatiana
authors: T
authors: Falcone
authors: Cleveland Clinic, Lerner College of Medicine, Cerebrovascular Research NB-20 LRI, 9600 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA. Electronic address: janigrd@ccf.org.
authors: Damir
authors: D
authors: Janigro
authors: Begun Center for Violence Prevention Research and Education, Case Western Reserve University, 11402 Bellflower Road, Cleveland, OH 44106-7167, USA. Electronic address: Rachel.lovell@case.edu.
authors: Rachel
authors: R
authors: Lovell
authors: Cleveland Clinic, Department of Psychiatry, 9500 Euclid Avenue, P57, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA. Electronic address: simonb@ccf.org.
authors: Barry
authors: B
authors: Simon
authors: Cleveland Clinic, Department of Psychiatry, 9500 Euclid Avenue, P57, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA. Electronic address: brownc11@ccf.org.
authors: Charles A
authors: CA
authors: Brown
authors: Cleveland Clinic, Department of Psychiatry, 9500 Euclid Avenue, P57, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA. Electronic address: herrerm@ccf.org.
authors: Mariela
authors: M
authors: Herrera
authors: Laboratory for Psychoneuroimmunology, Psychiatric Hospital Ludwig-Maximilian University, Nussbaumstrasse, 780336 Munich, Germany. Electronic address: AyeMu.Mynt@med.uni-muenchen.de.
authors: Aye Mu
authors: AM
authors: Myint
authors: Cleveland Clinic, Department of Psychiatry, Center for Behavioral Health, 9500 Euclid Avenue P57, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA. Electronic address: ananda@ccf.org.
authors: Amit
authors: A
authors: Anand
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007297:Inpatients; D008297:Male; D019964:Mood Disorders / Q000209:etiology; D012044:Regression Analysis; D064568:S100 Calcium Binding Protein beta Subunit / Q000097:blood*; D059020:Suicidal Ideation; D015599:Trauma Severity Indices; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology
chemical_list: D064568:S100 Calcium Binding Protein beta Subunit; C579160:S100B protein, human
keywords: Biomarker; Blood-brain barrier; Children; Inflammation; S100B; Stress; Trauma