title: Presentation, management, and outcome of posterior urethral valves in a Nigerian tertiary hospital.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Posterior urethral valves (PUV) remain the most common cause of bladder outlet obstruction and renal insufficiency in male children. The aim of this study was to evaluate the presentation, management, challenges, and outcome of the disease in a Nigerian tertiary health institution.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospectively, medical records of male children with a diagnosis of PUVs over a 10 year period (2003-2012) were retrieved. All data in relation to the study objectives were recorded and analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 44 patients was managed for PUV within the period. The mean age of presentation was 3.95 years with 56.8% of the patients presenting after the age of 1 year. Voiding dysfunction noted in 40 (91.0%) patients was the most common mode of presentation. The most common finding on physical examination was a palpable bladder while urinary tract infection noted in 23 (52.3%) patients was the most common complication noted. Abdominal ultrasonography revealed dilated posterior urethra in 16 (36.4%) cases, while micturating cystourethrogram revealed a dilated proximal urethra in all 35 cases in which it was done, diverticulum in 6 and vesicoureteric reflux in 9. The creatinine value at presentation ranged between 0.4 mg/dl and 4.0 mg/dl with a mean of 1.02 ± 0.93 mg/dl. Urethroscopy in 37 patients confirmed type I and type III PUV in 35 and 2 patients, respectively. Valve ablation with a diathermy bugbee electrode provided relief of obstructions in the 37 patients who underwent the procedure without any significant immediate complication. The period of follow-up ranged between 2 weeks and 3 years with a mean of 10.2 months. There was sustained improvement in urine stream, reduction in the mean creatinine concentration and incidence of UTI during follow-up. However, patients with significantly impaired renal function had a poorer outcome.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Many patients with PUV presented late within the reviewed period. Valve ablation provided relief of obstruction in most of the cases. There is a need to counsel parents/guardians on the need for long-term follow-up.
authors: Department of Surgery, Urology Unit, University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City, Nigeria.
authors: Agbugui Jude
authors: AJ
authors: Orumuah
authors: Obarisiagbon Edwin
authors: OE
authors: Oduagbon
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D017115:Catheter Ablation / Q000379:methods*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D019468:Disease Management; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D009549:Nigeria; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D062606:Tertiary Care Centers; D013997:Time Factors; D014521:Urethra / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D001748:Urinary Bladder Neck Obstruction / Q000151:congenital / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery; D014554:Urination / Q000502:physiology*; D014567:Urography; D013521:Urologic Surgical Procedures, Male / Q000379:methods*