title: Mini invasive transoral approach to the glenoid fossa: Benign lesion removal using endoscopy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We describe an endoscopic transoral approach for treating benign lesions of the glenoid fossa with or without infratemporal fossa involvement.
  
  
  METHODS
  Description and validation of surgical technique on living humans.
  
  
  METHODS
  Excision of benign lesions arising from the glenoid fossa was achieved in five patients through a transoral endoscopic approach. Using 0- and 45-degree angled 4-mm optics, the entire middle skull base and infratemporal fossa were explored without damaging the nearby neurovascular structures.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Three of the five patients had complete removal of osteochondroma. In the remaining two patients, the lesion removed was diagnosed as osteoma. In one patient, postoperative numbness of the alveolar nerve was observed. No infections were reported. The surgical approach utilized was determined to be valid not only for glenoid fossa exposure but also for management of the middle skull base and infratemporal fossa.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The described approach to the glenoid fossa offers direct and minimally invasive access to benign lesions within this region. Further use of this approach will allow us to determine its potential in treating malignancies.
  
  
  METHODS
  4.
authors: Department of Maxillo-Facial Surgery, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
authors: Valentino
authors: V
authors: Valentini
authors: Department of Maxillo-Facial Surgery, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
authors: Filippo
authors: F
authors: Giovannetti
authors: Department of Maxillo-Facial Surgery, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
authors: Paolo
authors: P
authors: Priore
authors: Department of Maxillo-Facial Surgery, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
authors: Ingrid
authors: I
authors: Raponi
authors: Department of Maxillo-Facial Surgery, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
authors: Valentina
authors: V
authors: Terenzi
authors: Department of Maxillo-Facial Surgery, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
authors: Andrea
authors: A
authors: Cassoni
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009055:Mouth; D057605:Natural Orifice Endoscopic Surgery / Q000379:methods*; D019635:Neurosurgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D019292:Skull Base Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D013701:Temporal Bone / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D013997:Time Factors; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Endoscopy; infratemporal fossa; parapharyngeal space; skull base