title: Analysis of genotoxic activity of ketamine and rocuronium bromide using the somatic mutation and recombination test in Drosophila melanogaster.
abstract: The present study evaluated the mutagenic and recombinogenic effects of two commonly used anesthetic agents, ketamine and rocuronium bromide, in medicine using the wing somatic mutation and recombination test (SMART) in Drosophila. The standard (ST) cross and the high-bioactivation (HB) cross with high sensitivity to procarcinogens and promutagens were used. The SMART test is based on the loss of heterozygosity, which occurs via various mechanisms, such as chromosome loss and deletion, half-translocation, mitotic recombination, mutation, and non-disjunction. Genetic alterations occurring in the somatic cells of the wing's imaginal discs result in mutant clones in the wing blade. Three-day-old trans-heterozygous larvae with two recessive markers, multiple wing hairs (mwh) and flare (flr(3)), were treated with ketamine and rocuronium bromide. Analysis of the ST cross indicated that ketamine exhibited genotoxicity activity and that this activity was particularly dependent on homologous mitotic recombination at concentrations of 250 μg/ml and above. Rocuronium bromide did not exert mutagenic and/or recombinogenic effects. In the HB cross, ketamine at a concentration of 1000 μg/ml and rocuronium bromide at all concentrations, with the exception of 250 μg/ml (inconclusive), exerted genotoxic effects, which could also be associated with the increase in mitotic recombination.
authors: Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Erzincan University, 24100 Erzincan, Turkey.
authors: Pakize Muge
authors: PM
authors: Koksal
authors: Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Erzincan University, 24100 Erzincan, Turkey. Electronic address: mehmetgurbuzel@hotmail.com.
authors: Mehmet
authors: M
authors: Gürbüzel
mesh_terms: D000732:Androstanols / Q000633:toxicity*; D000777:Anesthetics / Q000633:toxicity*; D000818:Animals; D004331:Drosophila melanogaster / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D007649:Ketamine / Q000633:toxicity*; D008297:Male; D009152:Mutagenicity Tests; D009153:Mutagens / Q000633:toxicity*; D009154:Mutation; D011995:Recombination, Genetic; D000077123:Rocuronium; D014921:Wings, Animal
chemical_list: D000732:Androstanols; D000777:Anesthetics; D009153:Mutagens; D007649:Ketamine; D000077123:Rocuronium
keywords: Anesthesia; Drosophila melanogaster; Genetic toxicology; Ketamine; Rocuronium bromide; Wing spot test