title: Inhibition of the DNA polymerase and RNase H activities of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase and HIV-1 replication by Brasenia schreberi (Junsai) and Petasites japonicus (Fuki) components.
abstract: Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) reverse transcriptase (RT) possesses two distinct enzymatic activities: those of RNA- and DNA-dependent DNA polymerases and RNase H. In the current HIV-1 therapy, all HIV-1 RT inhibitors inhibit the activity of DNA polymerase, but not that of RNase H. We previously reported that ethanol and water extracts of Brasenia schreberi (Junsai) inhibited the DNA polymerase activity of HIV-1 RT [Hisayoshi et al. (2014) J Biol Macromol 14:59-65]. In this study, we screened 43 edible plants and found that ethanol and water extracts of Brasenia schreberi and water extract of Petasites japonicus strongly inhibit not only the activity of DNA polymerase to incorporate dTTP into poly(rA)-p(dT)15 but also the activity of RNase H to hydrolyze the RNA strand of an RNA/DNA hybrid. In addition, these three extracts inhibit HIV-1 replication in human cells, with EC50 values of 1-2 µg/ml. These results suggest that Brasenia schreberi and Petasites japonicus contain substances that block HIV-1 replication by inhibiting the DNA polymerase activity and/or RNase H activity of HIV-1 RT.
authors: Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan.
authors: Tetsuro
authors: T
authors: Hisayoshi
authors: Mayu
authors: M
authors: Shinomura
authors: Kanta
authors: K
authors: Yokokawa
authors: Ikumi
authors: I
authors: Kuze
authors: Atsushi
authors: A
authors: Konishi
authors: Kumi
authors: K
authors: Kawaji
authors: Eiichi N
authors: EN
authors: Kodama
authors: Keishi
authors: K
authors: Hata
authors: Saori
authors: S
authors: Takahashi
authors: Satoru
authors: S
authors: Nirasawa
authors: Shohei
authors: S
authors: Sakuda
authors: Kiyoshi
authors: K
authors: Yasukawa
mesh_terms: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D004259:DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase / Q000737:chemistry; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; D054303:HIV Reverse Transcriptase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000737:chemistry; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000502:physiology*; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D036901:Petasites / Q000737:chemistry*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D018894:Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D016914:Ribonuclease H / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D014779:Virus Replication / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D010936:Plant Extracts; D018894:Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors; C514824:reverse transcriptase, Human immunodeficiency virus 1; D054303:HIV Reverse Transcriptase; D004259:DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase; D016914:Ribonuclease H