title: Sitting position for pineal surgery: Some anaesthetic considerations.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The sitting position for pineal tumour removal remains controversial as regards the number of potential complications despite good surgical conditions.
  
  
  METHODS
  A systematic review of the literature was conducted in order to record the most frequent complications observed in this position, their incidence and prevention.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Venous air embolism, hypotension, pneumocephalus, macroglossia, quadriplegia and nerve injuries are the most frequent complications observed. Their incidence can be dramatically decreased with an accurate anesthesiological and neurosurgical management.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In training teams, the sitting position remains the gold standard for pineal tumour removal.
authors: Pierre Wertheimer Neurosurgical and Neurological Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 59, boulevard Pinel, 69500 Bron, France. Electronic address: frederic.dailler@chu-lyon.fr.
authors: F
authors: F
authors: Dallier
authors: Pierre Wertheimer Neurosurgical and Neurological Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 59, boulevard Pinel, 69500 Bron, France. Electronic address: claudio.di-roio@chu-lyon.fr.
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Di Roio
mesh_terms: D000777:Anesthetics / Q000009:adverse effects; D004618:Embolism, Air; D006801:Humans; D007431:Intraoperative Complications / Q000517:prevention & control*; D016343:Monitoring, Intraoperative / Q000379:methods; D019635:Neurosurgical Procedures; D010870:Pineal Gland / Q000601:surgery*
chemical_list: D000777:Anesthetics
keywords: Anaesthesia; Anesthésie; Embolie gazeuse; Foramen ovale; Hypotension; Pineal tumor; Position assise; Sitting position; Tumeur pinéale; Venous air embolism