title: Autoimmune encephalopathy and drug refractory seizures with the presence of two autoantibodies specific for the neuronal cell surface.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  An increasing number of autoantibodies are being described in epilepsy and other seizure-related disorders. A pathogenic role of autoantibodies in epilepsy has been suggested based on observations of the efficacy of immunotherapy.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to report a new case of autoimmune-mediated encephalopathy and seizures caused by autoantibodies to voltage-gated potassium channels (VGKCs) and voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCCs) (P/Q-type) and the response to immunotherapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study follows a case report design.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study was conducted in a tertiary care center.
  
  
  METHODS
  Our patient was an eighteen-year-old female with new-onset encephalopathy and refractory seizures.
  
  
  METHODS
  Our patient was treated for five days with intravenous methylprednisolone (IVMP) and intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG).
  
  
  RESULTS
  After treatment with IVMP and IVIG, our patient showed significant clinical improvement and did not exhibit any seizures during the one-month follow-up period.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Here, we report a rare case of an autoimmune encephalopathy and seizures associated with the presence of two surface neuronal autoantibodies. This report highlights the importance of early diagnosis of autoimmune epilepsy, as early immunomodulating treatments improve the outcome.
authors: Department of Neurosciences, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors: Fahad S
authors: FS
authors: Al-Ajlan
authors: Department of Neurosciences, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors: Ahmad
authors: A
authors: Althobiti
authors: Department of Neurosciences, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors: Salah
authors: S
authors: Baz
authors: Department of Neurosciences, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors: Alawi
authors: A
authors: Al-Attas
keywords: Autoantibodies; Autoimmune-mediated encephalopathy; Immunotherapy; Voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCCs) (P/Q-type); Voltage-gated potassium channels (VGKCs)