title: Soleus and lateral gastrocnemius H-reflexes during standing with unstable footwear.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Unstable footwear has been shown to increase lower extremity muscle activity, but the reflex response to perturbations induced by this intervention is unknown.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty healthy subjects stood in stable and unstable footwear conditions (presented randomly) while H-reflex amplitude and background muscle activity were measured in the soleus and lateral gastrocnemius (LG) muscles.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Wearing unstable footwear resulted in larger H-reflexes (normalized to the maximal M-wave) for the LG (+12%; P = 0.025), but not for the soleus (+4%; P > 0.05). Background activity of both muscles was significantly higher in the unstable condition.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The H-reflex facilitation observed with unstable footwear was unexpected, as challenging postural conditions usually result in reflex depression. Increased muscle activity, decreased presynaptic inhibition, and/or more forward postural position may have (over-)compensated the expected reflex depression. Differences between LG and soleus H-reflex modulation may be due to diverging motor unit recruitment thresholds.
authors: Neuromuscular Research Laboratory, Schulthess Clinic, Lengghalde 2, 8008, Zurich, Switzerland.
authors: Bernd
authors: B
authors: Friesenbichler
authors: Romuald
authors: R
authors: Lepers
authors: Nicola A
authors: NA
authors: Maffiuletti
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004576:Electromyography; D005260:Female; D006181:H-Reflex / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000502:physiology; D009126:Muscle Relaxation / Q000502:physiology; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000294:innervation / Q000502:physiology*; D011187:Posture / Q000502:physiology*; D011999:Recruitment, Neurophysiological / Q000502:physiology; D012775:Shoes
keywords: EMG; H-reflex; excitability; gastrocnemius; soleus; unstable footwear