title: Training future physicians in the era of genomic medicine: trends in undergraduate medical genetics education.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Advances in genomic technologies are transforming medical practice, necessitating the expertise of genomically-literate physicians. This study examined 2013-2014 trends in genetics curricula in US and Canadian medical schools to ascertain whether and how curricula are keeping pace with this rapid evolution.
  
  
  METHODS
  Medical genetics course directors received a 60-item electronic questionnaire covering curriculum design, assessment, remediation of failing grades, and inclusion of specific topics.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The response rate was 74%. Most schools teach the majority of genetics during the first 2 years, with an increase in the number of integrated curricula. Only 26% reported formal genetics teaching during years 3 and 4, and most respondents felt the amount of time spent on genetics was insufficient preparation for clinical practice. Most participants are using the Association of Professors of Human and Medical Genetics Core Curriculum(1) as a guide. Topics recently added include personalized medicine (21%) and direct-to-consumer testing (18%), whereas eugenics (17%), linkage analysis (16%), and evolutionary genetics (15%) have been recently eliminated. Remediation strategies were heterogeneous across institutions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings provide an important update on how genetics and genomics is taught at US and Canadian medical schools. Continuous improvement of educational initiatives will aid in producing genomically-literate physicians.
authors: Department of Pediatrics, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA.
authors: Jevon
authors: J
authors: Plunkett-Rondeau
authors: Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, USA.
authors: Katherine
authors: K
authors: Hyland
authors: Biomedical Genetics Section, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
authors: Shoumita
authors: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1473-7244
authors: S
authors: Dasgupta
mesh_terms: D002170:Canada; D003479:Curriculum; D004501:Education, Medical / Q000639:trends; D004504:Education, Medical, Undergraduate / Q000639:trends; D005826:Genetics, Medical / Q000193:education* / Q000639:trends; D023281:Genomics / Q000193:education; D006801:Humans; D012577:Schools, Medical; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014481:United States