title: New antibiotic dosing in infants.
abstract: To prevent the devastating consequences of infection, most infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit are exposed to antibiotics. However, dosing regimens are often extrapolated from data in adults and older children, increasing the risk for drug toxicity and lack of clinical efficacy because they fail to account for developmental changes in infant physiology. However, newer technologies are emerging with minimal-risk study designs, including ultra-low-volume assays, pharmacokinetic modeling and simulation, and opportunistic drug protocols. With minimal-risk study designs, pharmacokinetic data and dosing regimens for infants are now available for ampicillin, clindamycin, meropenem, metronidazole, and piperacillin/tazobactam.
authors: Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Duke University, Box 2739, 2424 Erwin Road, Hock Plaza Suite 504, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
authors: Leslie C
authors: LC
authors: Pineda
authors: Department of Pediatrics, Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Duke University, Box 3046, 2300 Erwin Road, Durham, NC 27710, USA. Electronic address: kevin.watt@duke.edu.
authors: Kevin M
authors: KM
authors: Watt
mesh_terms: D000667:Ampicillin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000188:drug therapy*; D002981:Clindamycin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature; D007363:Intensive Care Units, Neonatal; D000077731:Meropenem; D008795:Metronidazole / Q000008:administration & dosage; D010397:Penicillanic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D010878:Piperacillin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000077725:Piperacillin, Tazobactam Drug Combination; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D013845:Thienamycins / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D013845:Thienamycins; D008795:Metronidazole; D000077725:Piperacillin, Tazobactam Drug Combination; D002981:Clindamycin; D000667:Ampicillin; D010397:Penicillanic Acid; D000077731:Meropenem; D010878:Piperacillin
keywords: Antibiotics; Dosing; Infants; Neonates; Pharmacokinetics; Prematurity