title: Toxicities associated with NBOMe ingestion-a novel class of potent hallucinogens: a review of the literature.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A new class of synthetic hallucinogens called NBOMe has emerged as drugs of abuse.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Our aim was to conduct a systematic review of published reports of toxicities associated with NBOMe ingestion.
  
  
  METHODS
  We searched PubMed for relevant English-language citations that described adverse effects from analytically confirmed human NBOMe ingestion. Demographic and clinical data were extracted.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 10 citations met the criteria for inclusion, representing 20 individual patients. 25I-NBOMe was the most common analogue identified, followed by 25B-NBOMe and 25C-NBOMe. Fatalities were reported in 3 (15%) cases. Of all the patients, 7 (35%) were discharged after a period of observation, whereas 8 (40.0%) required admission to an intensive care unit. The most common adverse effects were agitation (85.0%), tachycardia (85.0%), and hypertension (65.0%). Seizures were reported in 8 (40.0%) patients. The most common abnormalities reported on laboratory tests were elevated level of creatinine kinase (45.0%), leukocytosis (25.0%), and hyperglycemia (20.0%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  NBOMe ingestion is associated with severe adverse effects. Clinicians need to have a high index of suspicion for NBOMe ingestion in patients reporting the recent use of hallucinogens.
authors: Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women׳s Hospital, Boston, MA (JS); Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (JS, ESV). Electronic address: jsuzuki2@partners.org.
authors: Joji
authors: J
authors: Suzuki
authors: Southern Arizona VA Healthcare System, Tucson, AZ (MAD).
authors: Michael A
authors: MA
authors: Dekker
authors: Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (JS, ESV); Harvard Longwood Psychiatry Residency Training Program, Boston, MA (ESV).
authors: Erin S
authors: ES
authors: Valenti
authors: Ponce School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ponce, PR (FAAC, AMC).
authors: Fabiola A
authors: FA
authors: Arbelo Cruz
authors: Ponce School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ponce, PR (FAAC, AMC).
authors: Ady M
authors: AM
authors: Correa
authors: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA (JLP).
authors: Justin L
authors: JL
authors: Poklis
authors: Department of Pathology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA (AP).
authors: Alphonse
authors: A
authors: Poklis
mesh_terms: D000840:Anisoles / Q000506:poisoning; D001596:Benzylamines / Q000506:poisoning; D003402:Creatine Kinase / Q000378:metabolism; D004118:Dimethoxyphenylethylamine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000506:poisoning; D006213:Hallucinogens / Q000506:poisoning*; D006801:Humans; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000139:chemically induced*; D006973:Hypertension / Q000139:chemically induced*; D007958:Leukocyte Count; D007964:Leukocytosis / Q000139:chemically induced*; D010627:Phenethylamines / Q000506:poisoning; D012640:Seizures / Q000139:chemically induced*; D013610:Tachycardia / Q000139:chemically induced*
chemical_list: D000840:Anisoles; D001596:Benzylamines; D004118:Dimethoxyphenylethylamine; D006213:Hallucinogens; D010627:Phenethylamines; C554181:2-(4-iodo-2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-N-(2-methoxybenzyl)ethanamine; C000601106:2-(4-chloro-2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-N-((2-methoxyphenyl)methyl)ethanamine; D003402:Creatine Kinase; C000595926:2-(4-bromo-2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-N-((2-methoxyphenyl)methyl)ethanamine