title: Photosynthesis-dependent physiological and genetic crosstalk between cold acclimation and cold-induced resistance to fungal pathogens in triticale (Triticosecale Wittm.).
abstract: The breeding for resistance against fungal pathogens in winter triticale (Triticosecale Wittm.) continues to be hindered by a complexity of the resistance mechanisms, strong interaction with environmental conditions, and dependence on the plant genotype. We showed, that temperature below 4 °C induced the plant genotype-dependent resistance against the fungal pathogen Microdochium nivale. The mechanism involved, at least, the adjustment of the reactions in the PSII proximity and photoprotection, followed by an improvement of the growth and development. The genotypes capable to develop the cold-induced resistance, showed a higher maximum quantum yield of PSII and a more efficient integration of the primary photochemistry of light reactions with the dark reactions. Moreover, induction of the photoprotective mechanism, involving at least the peroxidases scavenging hydrogen peroxide, was observed for such genotypes. Adjustment of the photosynthesis and stress acclimation has enabled fast plant growth and avoidance of the developmental stages sensitive to fungal infection. The same mechanisms allowed the quick regrow of plants during the post-disease period. In contrast, genotypes that were unable to develop resistance despite cold hardening had less flexible balancing of the photoprotection and photoinhibition processes. Traits related to: photosynthesis-dependent cold-acclimation and cold-induced resistance; biomass accumulation and growth; as well as protection system involving peroxidases; were integrated also at a genetic level. Analysing 95 lines of the mapping population SaKa3006×Modus we determined region on chromosomes 5B and 7R shared within all tested traits. Moreover, similar expression pattern of a set of the genes related to PSII was determined with the metaanalysis of the multiple microarray experiments. Comparable results for peroxidases, involving APXs and GPXs and followed by PRXs, indicated a similar function during cold acclimation and defense responses. These data provide a new insight into the cross talk between cold acclimation and cold-induced resistance in triticale, indicating a key role of photosynthesis-related processes.
authors: Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 21, 30-239 Krakow, Poland; Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Horiculture Biotechnology and Landscape Architecture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warszawa, Poland. Electronic address: szechynska@wp.pl.
authors: Magdalena
authors: M
authors: Szechyńska-Hebda
authors: Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 21, 30-239 Krakow, Poland.
authors: Iwona
authors: I
authors: Wąsek
authors: Pedagogical University of Krakow, Podchorążych 2, 30-084 Krakow, Poland.
authors: Gabriela
authors: G
authors: Gołębiowska-Pikania
authors: Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 21, 30-239 Krakow, Poland.
authors: Ewa
authors: E
authors: Dubas
authors: Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 21, 30-239 Krakow, Poland.
authors: Iwona
authors: I
authors: Żur
authors: Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 21, 30-239 Krakow, Poland; Pedagogical University of Krakow, Podchorążych 2, 30-084 Krakow, Poland.
authors: Maria
authors: M
authors: Wędzony
mesh_terms: D000064:Acclimatization; D003080:Cold Temperature; D005658:Fungi / Q000502:physiology*; D010544:Peroxidases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D010788:Photosynthesis; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000382:microbiology*; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000066889:Triticale / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D010940:Plant Proteins; D010544:Peroxidases
keywords: Cold acclimation; Cold-induced resistance; Peroxidases; Photosynthesis; Quantitative trait loci