title: Frequency of dysmenorrhoea, its impact and management strategies adopted by medical students.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Dysmenorrhea is quite frequent and may affect the daily activities especially during the early years of adolesence. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of dysmenorrhoea, its impact, and the management strategies adopted.
  
  
  METHODS
  This cross-sectional study was done with 356 consenting females studying at Mohiuddin Islamic University, Mirpur Azad Kashmir, between 18-25 years of age, with regular menstrual cycles and normal abdomino-pelvic ultrasound and not taking any medication. Information was gathered regarding age, residence, menstrual history, body mass index (BMI), associated symptoms, remedies used and days lost.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 56.1% females had dysmenorrhoea. The mean age of participants was 21.01±1.54 years, mean age of menarche was 12.9±1.65 years, mean duration of menstrual flow was 4.75±1.27 days and mean BMI was 24.1±1.6. 17% of the participants were dieting and 26% had daily milk intake. 25% reported being absent due to pain and number of days lost was 1.5±1.0 days. Common symptoms associated with the dysmenorrhoea were difficulty concentrating in 65%, less involvement in social activities and sleep affected in 64%, mood disturbances in 58% and headache in 56%. Household remedies for dysmenorrhea were used by 43% and 66% used analgesics and only 4% sought medical advice for pain.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Dysmenorrhoea is a very common problem affecting academic performance and limiting daily activities requiring appropriate intervention.
authors: Saadia
authors: S
authors: Yasir
authors: Bushra
authors: B
authors: Kant
authors: Muhammad Farooq
authors: MF
authors: Dar
mesh_terms: D000700:Analgesics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001288:Attention; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004032:Diet; D004412:Dysmenorrhea / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D006261:Headache / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D007508:Irritable Mood; D010154:Pakistan / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D012651:Self Medication; D020919:Sleep Disorders, Intrinsic / Q000209:etiology; D058992:Social Participation; D013337:Students, Medical / Q000523:psychology; D014839:Vomiting / Q000209:etiology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics