title: Analysis of Essential Oil in Jerusalem Artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.) Leaves and Tubers by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate, for the first time, the chemical composition of essential oil of the tubers and leaves of Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.), a species of sunflower native to eastern North America, growing in Ukraine.
  
  
  METHODS
  A hydrodistillation apparatus was used for the extraction of volatile components and then it was analysed by gas chromatography equipped with a split-splitless injector (split ratio, 1:50) and flame ionization detector (FID). The oil was analyzed under linear temperature programming applied at 4°C/min from 50°C - 340°C. Temperatures of the injector and FID detector were maintained at 280°C and 300°C, respectively. The chemical analysis of the oil was carried out using gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS), to determine the chemical composition of the volatile fraction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The essential oils content ranged from 0.00019 to 0.03486 and 0.00011 to 0.00205 (g/100g), in leaves and tubers, respectively. The qualitative and quantitative analysis led to the identification of 17 components in both species samples. The major component found in leaves and tubers was (-)-β-bisabolene with 70.7% and 63.1%, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Essential oil profile of Jerusalem artichoke species showed significant differences between leaves and tubers species. Additionally, the leaves of Jerusalem artichoke are a promising source of natural β-bisabolene.
authors: Faculty of Pharmacy, Isra University, 11622 Amman, Jordan.
authors: Zead
authors: Z
authors: Helmi
authors: Faculty of Pharmacy, Isra University, 11622 Amman, Jordan. ; Pharmacy program, Batterjee Medical College for Science and Technology (BMC), 21442 Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
authors: Khaldun Mohammad
authors: KM
authors: Al Azzam
authors: Department of pharmacognosy and botany, National Medical University is the name of O.O.Bogomolets, Ukraine.
authors: Yuliya
authors: Y
authors: Tsymbalista
authors: Pharmacy program, Batterjee Medical College for Science and Technology (BMC), 21442 Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
authors: Refat Abo
authors: RA
authors: Ghazleh
authors: Pharmacy program, Batterjee Medical College for Science and Technology (BMC), 21442 Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
authors: Hassan
authors: H
authors: Shaibah
authors: Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Division, National Research Centre, Tahrir Street, Dokki, Cairo 12311, Egypt.
authors: Hassan
authors: H
authors: Aboul-Enein
keywords: Essential oil; Gas chromatography; Helianthus tuberosus L.; Jerusalem artichoke; Leaves; Tubers