title: Developmental progression to early adult binge drinking and marijuana use from worsening versus stable trajectories of adolescent attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder and delinquency.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the association between developmental trajectories of inattention, hyperactivity-impulsivity and delinquency through childhood and adolescence (ages 8-16 years) and subsequent binge drinking and marijuana use in early adulthood (age 21 years).
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective naturalistic follow-up of children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) previously enrolled in a randomized controlled trial (RCT). Treatment-phase assessments occurred at 3, 9 and 14 months after randomization; follow-up assessments occurred at 24 months, 36 months, and 6, 8 and 12 years after randomization.
  
  
  METHODS
  Secondary analysis of data from the Multimodal Treatment Study of ADHD (MTA), a multi-site RCT comparing the effects of careful medication management, intensive behavior therapy, their combination, and referral to usual community care.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 579 children with DSM-IV ADHD combined type, aged 7.0 and 9.9 years at baseline (mean = 8.5, SD = 0.80).
  
  
  METHODS
  Ratings of inattention, hyperactivity-impulsivity and delinquency were collected from multiple informants at baseline and through the 8-year follow-up. Self-reports of binge drinking and marijuana use were collected at the 12-year follow-up (mean age 21 years).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Trajectories of worsening inattention symptoms and delinquency (and less apparent improvement in hyperactivity-impulsivity) were associated with higher rates of early adult binge drinking and marijuana use, compared with trajectories of stable or improving symptoms and delinquency (of 24 comparisons, all P-values <0.05), even when symptom levels in stable trajectories were high.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Worsening inattention symptoms and delinquency during adolescence are were associated with higher levels of early adult substance use; this pattern may reflect a developmental course of vulnerability to elevated substance use in early adulthood.
authors: Department of Psychology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
authors: Andrea L
authors: AL
authors: Howard
authors: Brooke S G
authors: BS
authors: Molina
authors: James M
authors: JM
authors: Swanson
authors: Stephen P
authors: SP
authors: Hinshaw
authors: Katherine A
authors: KA
authors: Belendiuk
authors: Seth C
authors: SC
authors: Harty
authors: L Eugene
authors: LE
authors: Arnold
authors: Howard B
authors: HB
authors: Abikoff
authors: Lily
authors: L
authors: Hechtman
authors: Annamarie
authors: A
authors: Stehli
authors: Laurence L
authors: LL
authors: Greenhill
authors: Jeffrey H
authors: JH
authors: Newcorn
authors: Timothy
authors: T
authors: Wigal
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior / Q000523:psychology*; D000328:Adult; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy; D001521:Behavior Therapy; D063425:Binge Drinking / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy; D002648:Child; D015897:Comorbidity; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007604:Juvenile Delinquency / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008297:Male; D002189:Marijuana Abuse / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: ADHD; adolescence; alcohol; delinquency; early adulthood; marijuana; trajectories