title: Ensuring consistent reporting of clinical pharmacy services to enhance reproducibility in practice: an improved version of DEPICT.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  DEPICT (Descriptive Elements of Pharmacist Intervention Characterization Tool) was created in response to the frequently reported issue of poor intervention description across studies assessing the impact of clinical pharmacy activities. The aim of this study was to create an improved version of DEPICT (i.e. DEPICT 2) to better characterize clinical pharmacy services in order to ensure consistent reporting, therefore enhancing reproducibility of interventions in practice.
  
  
  METHODS
  A qualitative approach through a thematic content analysis was performed to identify components of pharmacist interventions described in 269 randomized controlled trials. A preliminary version of DEPICT 2 was applied independently by two authors to a random sample of 85 of the 269 RCTs and reliability determined by the prevalence-adjusted bias-adjusted kappa (PABAK) or the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). The final version of DEPICT 2 was compared against DEPICT 1.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The final version of DEPICT 2 comprised 146 items and 11 domains. The inter-rater agreement analysis showed that DEPICT presented good to optimal reproducibility, with a mean PABAK value of 0.87 (95% CI 0.85-0.89) and a mean ICC value of 0.88 (95% CI 0.62-1.14). The mean difference between items checked in the two versions (DEPICT 2 - DEPICT 1) was 10.58 (95% CI 9.55-11.61), meaning that approximately 11 more components were identified in the new version of DEPICT.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  DEPICT 2 is a reliable tool to characterize components of clinical pharmacy services, which should be used to ensure consistent reporting of interventions to allow their reproducibility in practice.
authors: Post-Graduate Program of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Brazil.
authors: Inajara
authors: I
authors: Rotta
authors: Department of Clinical, Social, and Administrative Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
authors: Teresa M
authors: TM
authors: Salgado
authors: Department of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin Hospital and Clinics, Madison, WI, USA.
authors: Daniel C
authors: DC
authors: Felix
authors: Post-Graduate Program of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Brazil.
authors: Thais T
authors: TT
authors: Souza
authors: Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Brazil.
authors: Cassyano J
authors: CJ
authors: Correr
authors: Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Department of Social Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal.
authors: Fernando
authors: F
authors: Fernandez-Llimos
mesh_terms: D061345:Early Medical Intervention / Q000592:standards*; D055317:Evidence-Based Practice; D006302:Health Services Research; D006801:Humans; D010607:Pharmacy Service, Hospital / Q000592:standards*; D016730:Program Development; D015397:Program Evaluation; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D058028:Research Report
keywords: evidence-based practice; outcome and process assessment (health care); pharmaceutical services; pharmacists; reproducibility of results; validation studies