title: A proposed aerobic granules size development scheme for aerobic granulation process.
abstract: Aerobic granulation is increasingly used in wastewater treatment due to its unique physical properties and microbial functionalities. Granule size defines the physical properties of granules based on biomass accumulation. This study aims to determine the profile of size development under two physicochemical conditions. Two identical bioreactors namely Rnp and Rp were operated under non-phototrophic and phototrophic conditions, respectively. An illustrative scheme was developed to comprehend the mechanism of size development that delineates the granular size throughout the granulation. Observations on granules' size variation have shown that activated sludge revolutionised into the form of aerobic granules through the increase of biomass concentration in bioreactors which also determined the changes of granule size. Both reactors demonstrated that size transformed in a similar trend when tested with and without illumination. Thus, different types of aerobic granules may increase in size in the same way as recommended in the aerobic granule size development scheme.
authors: The School of Environmental Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Kompleks Pengajian Kejuruteraan Jejawi 3, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia; Institute of Environmental and Water Resource Management (IPASA), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor Bahru, Malaysia. Electronic address: farrahaini@unimap.edu.my.
authors: Farrah Aini
authors: FA
authors: Dahalan
authors: Palm Oil Research Centre, Faculty of Biosciences and Medical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Malaysia.
authors: Norhayati
authors: N
authors: Abdullah
authors: Institute of Environmental and Water Resource Management (IPASA), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor Bahru, Malaysia.
authors: Ali
authors: A
authors: Yuzir
authors: Department of Industrial Electrical Engineering and Automation, Lund University, S-22100 Lund, Sweden.
authors: Gustaf
authors: G
authors: Olsson
authors: Institute of Environmental and Water Resource Management (IPASA), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor Bahru, Malaysia.
authors: Salmiati
authors: Institute of Environmental and Water Resource Management (IPASA), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor Bahru, Malaysia.
authors: Myzairah
authors: M
authors: Hamdzah
authors: Institute of Environmental and Water Resource Management (IPASA), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor Bahru, Malaysia.
authors: Mohd Fadhil Mohd
authors: MF
authors: Din
authors: Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors: Siti Aqlima
authors: SA
authors: Ahmad
authors: Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40150 Sec. 2, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors: Khalilah Abdul
authors: KA
authors: Khalil
authors: Institute of Environmental and Water Resource Management (IPASA), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor Bahru, Malaysia.
authors: Aznah Nor
authors: AN
authors: Anuar
authors: Institute of Environmental and Water Resource Management (IPASA), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor Bahru, Malaysia.
authors: Zainura Zainon
authors: ZZ
authors: Noor
authors: Institute of Environmental and Water Resource Management (IPASA), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor Bahru, Malaysia.
authors: Zaini
authors: Z
authors: Ujang
mesh_terms: D000332:Aerobiosis; D018533:Biomass; D019149:Bioreactors; D010316:Particle Size; D012722:Sewage / Q000737:chemistry*; D062065:Wastewater
chemical_list: D012722:Sewage; D062065:Wastewater
keywords: Aerobic granular sludge; Mechanism; Phototrophic; Psychochemical; Sequencing batch reactor