title: Community dynamics of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in high-input and intensively irrigated rice cultivation systems.
abstract: Application of a mycorrhizal inoculum could be one way to increase the yield of rice plants and reduce the application of fertilizer. We therefore studied arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in the roots of wetland rice (Oryza sativa L.) collected at the seedling, tillering, heading, and ripening stages in four paddy wetlands that had been under a high-input and intensively irrigated rice cultivation system for more than 20 years. It was found that AMF colonization was mainly established in the heading and ripening stages. The AMF community structure was characterized in rhizosphere soils and roots from two of the studied paddy wetlands. A fragment covering the partial small subunit (SSU), the whole internal transcribed spacer (ITS), and the partial large subunit (LSU) rRNA operon regions of AMF was amplified, cloned, and sequenced from roots and soils. A total of 639 AMF sequences were obtained, and these were finally assigned to 16 phylotypes based on a phylogenetic analysis, including 12 phylotypes from Glomeraceae, one phylotype from Claroideoglomeraceae, two phylotypes from Paraglomeraceae, and one unidentified phylotype. The AMF phylotype compositions in the soils were similar between the two surveyed sites, but there was a clear discrepancy between the communities obtained from root and soil. The relatively high number of AMF phylotypes at the surveyed sites suggests that the conditions are suitable for some species of AMF and that they may have an important function in conventional rice cultivation systems. The species richness of root-colonizing AMF increased with the growth of rice, and future studies should consider the developmental stages of this crop in the exploration of AMF function in paddy wetlands.
authors: Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science in Guangdong Higher Education, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China.
authors: Yutao
authors: Y
authors: Wang
authors: Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science in Guangdong Higher Education, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China.
authors: Ting
authors: T
authors: Li
authors: Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science in Guangdong Higher Education, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China.
authors: Yingwei
authors: Y
authors: Li
authors: Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science in Guangdong Higher Education, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
authors: Lars Olof
authors: LO
authors: Björn
authors: Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors: Søren
authors: S
authors: Rosendahl
authors: Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
authors: Pål Axel
authors: PA
authors: Olsson
authors: Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science in Guangdong Higher Education, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China lishsh@scnu.edu.cn.
authors: Shaoshan
authors: S
authors: Li
authors: College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.
authors: Xuelin
authors: X
authors: Fu
mesh_terms: D000383:Agriculture / Q000379:methods*; D004271:DNA, Fungal / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D021901:DNA, Intergenic / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D038821:Mycorrhizae / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D012275:Oryza / Q000254:growth & development / Q000382:microbiology*; D010802:Phylogeny; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000382:microbiology*; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D012988:Soil Microbiology; D053833:Wetlands
chemical_list: D004271:DNA, Fungal; D021901:DNA, Intergenic