title: A real-time fluorescent assay for the detection of alkaline phosphatase activity based on carbon quantum dots.
abstract: A convenient and real-time fluorometric assay with the assistance of copper ions based on aggregation and disaggregation of carbon quantum dots (CQDs) was developed to achieve highly sensitive detection of alkaline phosphatase activity. CQDs and pyrophosphate anions (PPi) were used as the fluorescent indicator and substrate for ALP activity assessment respectively. Richness of carboxyl groups on the surface of CQDs enables their severe aggregation triggered by copper ions, which results in effective fluorescence quenching. Under the catalytic hydrolysis of ALP, PPi can be rapidly transformed to phosphate ions. Stronger affinity of phosphate ions to copper ions than carboxyl groups is taken advantage of to achieve fluorescence recovery induced by re-dispersion of CQDs in the presence of ALP and PPi. Quantitative evaluation of ALP activity in a broad range from 16.7 to 782.6 U/L with the detection limit of 1.1 U/L can be realized in this way, which endows the assay with high enough sensitivity for practical detection in human serum. This strategy broadens the sensing application of fluorescent CQDs with excellent biocompatibility, and provides an example based on disaggregation in optical probe development.
authors: College of Chemistry and Life Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China.
authors: Zhao Sheng
authors: ZS
authors: Qian
authors: College of Chemistry and Life Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China.
authors: Lu Jing
authors: LJ
authors: Chai
authors: College of Chemistry and Life Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China.
authors: Yuan Yuan
authors: YY
authors: Huang
authors: College of Chemistry and Life Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China.
authors: Cong
authors: C
authors: Tang
authors: College of Chemistry and Life Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China.
authors: Jia
authors: J
authors: Jia Shen
authors: College of Chemistry and Life Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China.
authors: Jian Rong
authors: JR
authors: Chen
authors: College of Chemistry and Life Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China. Electronic address: fenghui@zjnu.cn.
authors: Hui
authors: H
authors: Feng
mesh_terms: D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D015374:Biosensing Techniques; D002244:Carbon / Q000737:chemistry*; D003300:Copper / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D006868:Hydrolysis; D007477:Ions / Q000737:chemistry; D057230:Limit of Detection; D045663:Quantum Dots / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D007477:Ions; D002244:Carbon; D003300:Copper; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase
keywords: Aggregation and disaggregation; Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity; Carbon quantum dots; Real-time fluorometric assay