title: Analysis of ecstasy in oral fluid by ion mobility spectrometry and infrared spectroscopy after liquid-liquid extraction.
abstract: We developed and evaluated two different strategies for determining abuse drugs based on (i) the analysis of saliva by ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) after thermal desorption and (ii) the joint use of IMS and infrared (IR) spectroscopy after liquid-liquid microextraction (LLME) to enable the sensitivity-enhanced detection and double confirmation of ecstasy (MDMA) abuse. Both strategies proved effective for the intended purpose. Analysing saliva by IMS after thermal desorption, which provides a limit of detection (LOD) of 160μgL(-1), requires adding 0.2M acetic acid to the sample and using the truncated negative second derivative of the ion mobility spectrum. The joint use of IMS and IR spectroscopy after LLME provides an LOD of 11μgL(-1) with the former technique and 800μgL(-1) with the latter, in addition to a limit of confirmation (LOC) of 1.5mgL(-1). Using IMS after thermal desorption simplifies the operational procedure, and using it jointly with IR spectroscopy after LLME allows double confirmation of MDMA abuse with two techniques based on different principles (viz., IMS drift times and IR spectra). Also, it affords on-site analyses, albeit at a lower throughput.
authors: Department of Analytical Chemistry, Research Building, University of Valencia, Dr Moliner 50, Burjassot, E-46100 Valencia, Spain. Electronic address: sergio.armenta@uv.es.
authors: Sergio
authors: S
authors: Armenta
authors: Department of Analytical Chemistry, Research Building, University of Valencia, Dr Moliner 50, Burjassot, E-46100 Valencia, Spain.
authors: Salvador
authors: S
authors: Garrigues
authors: Department of Analytical Chemistry, Research Building, University of Valencia, Dr Moliner 50, Burjassot, E-46100 Valencia, Spain.
authors: Miguel
authors: M
authors: de la Guardia
authors: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain.
authors: Judit
authors: J
authors: Brassier
authors: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain.
authors: Manel
authors: M
authors: Alcalà
authors: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain.
authors: Marcelo
authors: M
authors: Blanco
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D013287:Illicit Drugs / Q000032:analysis; D057230:Limit of Detection; D059625:Liquid-Liquid Extraction; D008297:Male; D018817:N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine / Q000032:analysis*; D012463:Saliva / Q000737:chemistry*; D013055:Spectrophotometry, Infrared; D015813:Substance Abuse Detection / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards
chemical_list: D013287:Illicit Drugs; D018817:N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine
keywords: Double confirmation; Ecstasy; Identification; Infrared spectroscopy; Ion mobility spectrometry