title: Emerging clinical applications of selected biomarkers in melanoma.
abstract: Melanoma is a lethal skin disease with a mostly predictable clinical course according to a known constellation of clinical and pathologic features. The distinction of melanoma from benign melanocytic nevus is typically unequivocol; however, there is a subset of tumors known for its diagnostic challenges, development of late metastases, and difficulties in treatment. Several melanocytic tissue biomarkers are available that can facilitate the histopathologic interpretation of melanoma as well as provide insight into the biologic potential and mutational status of this disease. This review describes the clinical application of some of these established and emerging tissue biomarkers available to assess melanocytic differentiation, vascular invasion, mitotic capacity, and mutation status. The selected tissue biomarkers in this review include MiTF, Sox10, D2-40, PHH3, H3KT (anti-H3K79me3T80ph), anti-BRAFV600E, and anti-BAP-1.
authors: Department of Pathology, Section of Dermatopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
authors: Michael T
authors: MT
authors: Tetzlaff
authors: Department of Pathology, Section of Dermatopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA ; Department of Dermatology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
authors: Carlos A
authors: CA
authors: Torres-Cabala
authors: Department of Pathology, Section of Dermatopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA ; Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
authors: Penvadee
authors: P
authors: Pattanaprichakul
authors: Department of Dermatology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
authors: Ronald P
authors: RP
authors: Rapini
authors: Department of Pathology, Section of Dermatopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA ; Department of Dermatology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
authors: Victor G
authors: VG
authors: Prieto
authors: Department of Pathology, Section of Dermatopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA ; Department of Dermatology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
authors: Jonathan L
authors: JL
authors: Curry
keywords: BRAFV600E; histone marks; immunohistochemistry; melanocytic differentiation