title: Pesticide residues in vineyard soils from Spain: Spatial and temporal distributions.
abstract: Spatial and temporal evaluations of seventeen pesticides and some of their degradation products were carried out in seventeen vineyard soils from La Rioja region (Spain). The soils were sampled in March, June and October 2012, and the pesticides were selected among those previously detected in surface and ground waters from the same area. All pesticides were detected in some of the soils in the three different areas of La Rioja at the different sampling times, with only the metalaxyl metabolite, CGA-62826, not being detected in any of the soils sampled in October. The highest concentrations were determined for the fungicides metalaxyl (11.5 μg kg(-1)) and triadimenol (26.1 μg kg(-1)), the herbicides fluometuron (174.6 μg kg(-1)) and terbuthylazine (403.3 μg kg(-1)), and the insecticide methoxyfenozide (4.61 μg kg(-1)). While the highest total concentration of pesticides was detected in March, the highest number of positive detections was recorded in June (46), as opposed to 26 and 19 in March and October, respectively. Significant differences were detected in the concentrations of herbicides in soils from the three areas in La Rioja, but this was not the case for the fungicides and the insecticides. The study revealed a more intensive use of herbicides in March, while the use of insecticides and fungicides probably depended on the specific needs of crops and/or the onset of diseases. The results are consistent with the residues found in waters in the region, and highlight the need to implement strategies for more efficient application of these compounds to avoid risk of water contamination.
authors: Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología (IRNASA-CSIC), Cordel de Merinas 40-52, 37008 Salamanca, Spain. Electronic address: eva.pose@irnasa.csic.es.
authors: Eva
authors: E
authors: Pose-Juan
authors: Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología (IRNASA-CSIC), Cordel de Merinas 40-52, 37008 Salamanca, Spain.
authors: María J
authors: MJ
authors: Sánchez-Martín
authors: Departamento de Agricultura y Alimentación, Universidad de La Rioja, 51 Madre de Dios, 26006 Logroño, Spain.
authors: M Soledad
authors: MS
authors: Andrades
authors: Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología (IRNASA-CSIC), Cordel de Merinas 40-52, 37008 Salamanca, Spain.
authors: M Sonia
authors: MS
authors: Rodríguez-Cruz
authors: Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología (IRNASA-CSIC), Cordel de Merinas 40-52, 37008 Salamanca, Spain.
authors: Eliseo
authors: E
authors: Herrero-Hernández
mesh_terms: D000383:Agriculture; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D010573:Pesticide Residues / Q000032:analysis*; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry*; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D013030:Spain; D014920:Wine
chemical_list: D010573:Pesticide Residues; D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants
keywords: Pesticide residues; Soil characteristics; Spatial and temporal distributions; Vineyard soils