title: Clinical relevance of pulse pressure variations for predicting fluid responsiveness in mechanically ventilated intensive care unit patients: the grey zone approach.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Pulse pressure variation (PPV) has been shown to predict fluid responsiveness in ventilated intensive care unit (ICU) patients. The present study was aimed at assessing the diagnostic accuracy of PPV for prediction of fluid responsiveness by using the grey zone approach in a large population.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study pooled data of 556 patients from nine French ICUs. Hemodynamic (PPV, central venous pressure (CVP) and cardiac output) and ventilator variables were recorded. Responders were defined as patients increasing their stroke volume more than or equal to 15% after fluid challenge. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and grey zone were defined for PPV. The grey zone was evaluated according to the risk of fluid infusion in hypoxemic patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fluid challenge led to increased stroke volume more than or equal to 15% in 267 patients (48%). The areas under the ROC curve of PPV and CVP were 0.73 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.68 to 0.77) and 0.64 (95% CI 0.59 to 0.70), respectively (P<0.001). A grey zone of 4 to 17% (62% of patients) was found for PPV. A tidal volume more than or equal to 8 ml.kg(-1) and a driving pressure (plateau pressure - PEEP) more than 20 cmH2O significantly improved the area under the ROC curve for PPV. When taking into account the risk of fluid infusion, the grey zone for PPV was 2 to 13%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In ventilated ICU patients, PPV values between 4 and 17%, encountered in 62% patients exhibiting validity prerequisites, did not predict fluid responsiveness.
authors: Matthieu
authors: M
authors: Biais
authors: Stephan
authors: S
authors: Ehrmann
authors: Arnaud
authors: A
authors: Mari
authors: Benjamin
authors: B
authors: Conte
authors: Yazine
authors: Y
authors: Mahjoub
authors: Olivier
authors: O
authors: Desebbe
authors: Julien
authors: J
authors: Pottecher
authors: Karim
authors: K
authors: Lakhal
authors: Dalila
authors: D
authors: Benzekri-Lefevre
authors: Nicolas
authors: N
authors: Molinari
authors: Thierry
authors: T
authors: Boulain
authors: Jean-Yves
authors: JY
authors: Lefrant
authors: Laurent
authors: L
authors: Muller
mesh_terms: D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D002302:Cardiac Output / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D005440:Fluid Therapy / Q000379:methods; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007362:Intensive Care Units; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012372:ROC Curve; D012121:Respiration, Artificial; D014882:Water-Electrolyte Balance / Q000502:physiology