title: Implementation of client versus care-provider strategies to improve external cephalic version rates: a cluster randomized controlled trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the effectiveness of a client or care-provider strategy to improve the implementation of external cephalic version.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cluster randomized controlled trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-five clusters; hospitals and their referring midwifery practices randomly selected in the Netherlands.
  
  
  METHODS
  Singleton breech presentation from 32 weeks of gestation onwards.
  
  
  METHODS
  We randomized clusters to a client strategy (written information leaflets and decision aid), a care-provider strategy (1-day counseling course focused on knowledge and counseling skills), a combined client and care-provider strategy and care-as-usual strategy. We performed an intention-to-treat analysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rate of external cephalic version in various strategies. Secondary outcomes were the percentage of women counseled and opting for a version attempt.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The overall implementation rate of external cephalic version was 72% (1169 of 1613 eligible clients) with a range between clusters of 8-95%. Neither the client strategy (OR 0.8, 95% CI 0.4-1.5) nor the care-provider strategy (OR 1.2, 95% CI 0.6-2.3) showed significant improvements. Results were comparable when we limited the analysis to those women who were actually offered intervention (OR 0.6, 95% CI 0.3-1.4 and OR 2.0, 95% CI 0.7-4.5).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Neither a client nor a care-provider strategy improved the external cephalic version implementation rate for breech presentation, neither with regard to the number of version attempts offered nor the number of women accepting the procedure.
authors: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
authors: Floortje
authors: F
authors: Vlemmix
authors: Ageeth N
authors: AN
authors: Rosman
authors: Marlies E
authors: ME
authors: Rijnders
authors: Antje
authors: A
authors: Beuckens
authors: Brent C
authors: BC
authors: Opmeer
authors: Ben W J
authors: BW
authors: Mol
authors: Marjolein
authors: M
authors: Kok
authors: Margot A H
authors: MA
authors: Fleuren
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001946:Breech Presentation / Q000628:therapy*; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D003661:Decision Support Techniques; D037001:Directive Counseling; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009426:Netherlands; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D010353:Patient Education as Topic; D011247:Pregnancy; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014710:Version, Fetal; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Breech delivery; breech presentation; external cephalic version; implementation; mode of delivery