title: A unified in vitro evaluation for apatite-forming ability of bioactive glasses and their variants.
abstract: The aim of this study was to propose and validate a new unified method for testing dissolution rates of bioactive glasses and their variants, and the formation of calcium phosphate layer formation on their surface, which is an indicator of bioactivity. At present, comparison in the literature is difficult as many groups use different testing protocols. An ISO standard covers the use of simulated body fluid on standard shape materials but it does not take into account that bioactive glasses can have very different specific surface areas, as for glass powders. Validation of the proposed modified test was through round robin testing and comparison to the ISO standard where appropriate. The proposed test uses fixed mass per solution volume ratio and agitated solution. The round robin study showed differences in hydroxyapatite nucleation on glasses of different composition and between glasses of the same composition but different particle size. The results were reproducible between research facilities. Researchers should use this method when testing new glasses, or their variants, to enable comparison between the literature in the future.
authors: Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
authors: Anthony L B
authors: AL
authors: Maçon
authors: Taek B
authors: TB
authors: Kim
authors: Esther M
authors: EM
authors: Valliant
authors: Kathryn
authors: K
authors: Goetschius
authors: Richard K
authors: RK
authors: Brow
authors: Delbert E
authors: DE
authors: Day
authors: Alexander
authors: A
authors: Hoppe
authors: Aldo R
authors: AR
authors: Boccaccini
authors: Ill Yong
authors: IY
authors: Kim
authors: Chikara
authors: C
authors: Ohtsuki
authors: Tadashi
authors: T
authors: Kokubo
authors: Akiyoshi
authors: A
authors: Osaka
authors: Maria
authors: M
authors: Vallet-Regí
authors: Daniel
authors: D
authors: Arcos
authors: Leandro
authors: L
authors: Fraile
authors: Antonio J
authors: AJ
authors: Salinas
authors: Alexandra V
authors: AV
authors: Teixeira
authors: Yuliya
authors: Y
authors: Vueva
authors: Rui M
authors: RM
authors: Almeida
authors: Marta
authors: M
authors: Miola
authors: Chiara
authors: C
authors: Vitale-Brovarone
authors: Enrica
authors: E
authors: Verné
authors: Wolfram
authors: W
authors: Höland
authors: Julian R
authors: JR
authors: Jones
mesh_terms: D001031:Apatites / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000592:standards; D040761:Biomimetic Materials / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000592:standards*; D001826:Body Fluids / Q000737:chemistry*; D002516:Ceramics / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000592:standards; D005898:Glass / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000592:standards; D038622:Internationality; D008422:Materials Testing / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards*; D010316:Particle Size; D012015:Reference Standards; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D001031:Apatites; C425330:bioactive glass 45S5