title: Telocinobufagin enhances the Th1 immune response and protects against Salmonella typhimurium infection.
abstract: Ideal potential vaccine adjuvants to stimulate a Th1 immune response are urgently needed to control intracellular infections in clinical applications. Telocinobufagin (TBG), an active component of Venenum bufonis, exhibits immunomodulatory activity. Therefore, we investigated whether TBG enhances the Th1 immune response to ovalbumin (OVA) and formalin-inactivated Salmonella typhimurium (FIST) in mice. TBG augmented serum OVA- and FIST-specific IgG and IgG2a and the production of IFNγ by antigen-restimulated splenocytes. TBG also dramatically enhanced splenocyte proliferative responses to concanavalin A, lipopolysaccharide, and OVA and substantially increased T-bet mRNA levels and the CD3(+)/CD3(+)CD4(+)/CD3(+)CD8(+) phenotype in splenocytes from OVA-immunized mice. In in vivo protection studies, TBG significantly decreased the bacterial burdens in the spleen and prolonged the survival time of FIST-immunized mice challenged with live S. typhimurium. In vivo neutralization of IFNγ with anti-IFNγ mAbs led to a significant reduction in FIST-specific IgG2a and IFNγ levels and in anti-Salmonella effect in TBG/FIST-immunized mice. In conclusion, these results suggest that TBG enhances a Th1 immune response to control intracellular infections.
authors: Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, No. 5333, Xi'an Road, Changchun, Jilin 130062, PR China.
authors: Shuai-Cheng
authors: SC
authors: Wu
authors: Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, No. 5333, Xi'an Road, Changchun, Jilin 130062, PR China.
authors: Ben-Dong
authors: BD
authors: Fu
authors: Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, No. 5333, Xi'an Road, Changchun, Jilin 130062, PR China.
authors: Hai-Qing
authors: HQ
authors: Shen
authors: Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, No. 5333, Xi'an Road, Changchun, Jilin 130062, PR China.
authors: Peng-Fei
authors: PF
authors: Yi
authors: Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, No. 5333, Xi'an Road, Changchun, Jilin 130062, PR China.
authors: Li-Yan
authors: LY
authors: Zhang
authors: Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, No. 5333, Xi'an Road, Changchun, Jilin 130062, PR China.
authors: Shuang
authors: S
authors: Lv
authors: Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, No. 5333, Xi'an Road, Changchun, Jilin 130062, PR China.
authors: Xun
authors: X
authors: Guo
authors: Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, No. 5333, Xi'an Road, Changchun, Jilin 130062, PR China.
authors: Fang
authors: F
authors: Xia
authors: Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, No. 5333, Xi'an Road, Changchun, Jilin 130062, PR China.
authors: Yong-Li
authors: YL
authors: Wu
authors: Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, No. 5333, Xi'an Road, Changchun, Jilin 130062, PR China. Electronic address: weixub13@163.com.
authors: Xu-Bin
authors: XB
authors: Wei
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002018:Bufanolides / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016207:Cytokines / Q000276:immunology; D005260:Female; D005557:Formaldehyde; D050990:GATA3 Transcription Factor / Q000235:genetics; D007114:Immunization; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D057132:Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group F, Member 3 / Q000235:genetics; D010047:Ovalbumin / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D012481:Salmonella Infections, Animal / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D012486:Salmonella typhimurium / Q000276:immunology; D013154:Spleen / Q000166:cytology; D020825:T-Box Domain Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D000098815:T-bet Transcription Factor
chemical_list: D002018:Bufanolides; D016207:Cytokines; D050990:GATA3 Transcription Factor; C494748:Gata3 protein, mouse; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D057132:Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group F, Member 3; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D020825:T-Box Domain Proteins; D000098815:T-bet Transcription Factor; D005557:Formaldehyde; C009391:telocinobufagin; D010047:Ovalbumin
keywords: IFNγ; Ovalbumin; Salmonella typhimurium; Telocinobufagin; Th1 immune response