title: Type 1 reaction in leprosy: a model for a better understanding of tissue immunity under an immunopathological condition.
abstract: Type 1 reaction (T1R) or reversal reaction is the leading cause of physical disabilities and deformities in leprosy. Leprosy patients, even after being considered cured and released from treatment, may suffer from reactional episodes for long periods of time. Early diagnosis is a great challenge for effectively treating and managing T1R. There is an urgent need to identify the most significant biomarkers to prevent recurrent T1R and to differentiate late T1R from relapse. T1R continues to be treated with corticosteroids and complications due to iatrogenic treatment remain frequent. This review aims to provide a framework from which to approach the great challenges that still persist in T1R management and debate key issues in order to reduce the distance between basic research and the clinic.
authors: Leprosy Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Av. Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21040-360, Brazil.
authors: Priscila Ribeiro
authors: PR
authors: Andrade
authors: Roberta Olmo
authors: RO
authors: Pinheiro
authors: Anna Maria
authors: AM
authors: Sales
authors: Ximena
authors: X
authors: Illarramendi
authors: Mayara Garcia de Mattos
authors: MG
authors: Barbosa
authors: Milton Ozório
authors: MO
authors: Moraes
authors: Marcia Rodrigues
authors: MR
authors: Jardim
authors: Jose Augusto da Costa
authors: JA
authors: Nery
authors: Elizabeth Pereira
authors: EP
authors: Sampaio
authors: Euzenir Nunes
authors: EN
authors: Sarno
mesh_terms: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000818:Animals; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D007917:Leprostatic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007918:Leprosy / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy*; D009166:Mycobacterium leprae / Q000276:immunology*; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors
chemical_list: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D007917:Leprostatic Agents; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D007371:Interferon-gamma
keywords: IFN-γ; Mycobacterium leprae; TNF-α; dendritic cells; leprosy; reversal reaction; type 1 reaction