title: Anticholinesterase and antityrosinase activities of ten piper species from malaysia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to investigate acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) and antityrosinase activities of extracts from ten Piper species namely; P. caninum, P. lanatum, P. abbreviatum, P. aborescens, P. porphyrophyllum, P. erecticaule, P. ribesioides, P. miniatum, P. stylosum, and P. majusculum.
  
  
  METHODS
  Anticholinesterase and antityrosinase activities were evaluated against in vitro Ellman spectroscopy method and mushroom tyrosinase, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The EtOAc extract of P. erecticaule showed the highest AChE and BChE inhibitory with 22.9% and 70.9% inhibition, respectively. In antityrosinase activity, all extracts of P. porphyrophyllum showed the highest inhibitory effects against mushroom tyrosinase, compared to standard, kojic acid.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study showed that P. erecticaule and P. porphyrophyllum have potential AChE/BChE and tyrosinase inhibition activities. The respective extracts can be explored further for the development of novel lead as AChE/BChE and tyrosinase inhibitors in therapeutic management of Alzheimer's disease.
authors: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia.
authors: Wan Mohd Nuzul Hakimi Wan
authors: WM
authors: Salleh
authors: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia.
authors: Nur Athirah
authors: NA
authors: Hashim
authors: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia.
authors: Farediah
authors: F
authors: Ahmad
authors: School of Chemistry and Environmental Studies, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA Sarawak, 94300 Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia.
authors: Khong
authors: K
authors: Heng Yen
keywords: Anticholinesterase; Antityrosinase; Piper; Piper erecticaule; Piper porphyrophyllum; Piperaceae