title: Anti-MOG antibodies plead against MS diagnosis in an Acquired Demyelinating Syndromes cohort.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Acquired demyelinating syndromes (ADS) in children are a group of distinct first immune-mediated demyelinating events of the central nervous system (CNS). Predictive biomarkers for future diagnosis are lacking. A putative target antigen is myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG). We analyzed the presence of MOG antibodies in a cohort of ADS patients in The Netherlands.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using a cell-based assay, we analyzed 117 children with ADS from a nationwide cohort, whom were divided into five groups: optic neuritis (ON; n = 20), transverse myelitis (TM; n = 7), other monofocal ADS (n = 22), polyfocal ADS without encephalopathy (n = 44) and polyfocal ADS with encephalopathy (n = 24). Additionally, we tested children with other neurological diseases (OND; n = 13), healthy children (n = 31) and adult polyfocal ADS plus encephalopathy (ADEM) patients (n = 29).
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found that 21 of the 117 children with ADS tested anti-MOG seropositive (18%). The group of patients with ADEM had the highest prevalence of anti-MOG seropositivity (42% versus 18% in the non-encephalopathic polyfocal ADS patients). Although 47 ADS children had a final diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS), in only one of them were MOG antibodies detected (2%), with only borderline positivity. Only 1 out of the 29 adult ADEM patients tested anti-MOG seropositive.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MOG antibodies are strongly skewed towards ADS children that present with an ADEM-like disease onset. The presence of such antibodies pleads against a future diagnosis of MS.
authors: Department of Neurology, MS Centre ErasMS, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors: Immy A
authors: IA
authors: Ketelslegers
authors: Department of Neurology, MS Centre ErasMS, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors: Daniëlle E
authors: DE
authors: Van Pelt
authors: Department Immunopathology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors: Susanne
authors: S
authors: Bryde
authors: Department of Neurology, MS Centre ErasMS, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors: Rinze F
authors: RF
authors: Neuteboom
authors: Department of Neurology, MS Centre ErasMS, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors: Coriene E
authors: CE
authors: Catsman-Berrevoets
authors: Department of Immunopathology and Blood Coagulation, Sanquin Diagnostic Services, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors: Dörte
authors: D
authors: Hamann
authors: Department of Neurology, MS Centre ErasMS, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands r.hintzen@erasmusmc.nl.
authors: Rogier Q
authors: RQ
authors: Hintzen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000097:blood*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001927:Brain Diseases / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D020278:Demyelinating Autoimmune Diseases, CNS / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology; D004673:Encephalomyelitis, Acute Disseminated / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D063308:Myelin-Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein / Q000276:immunology*; D009188:Myelitis, Transverse / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology; D009426:Netherlands / Q000453:epidemiology; D009902:Optic Neuritis / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology; D013577:Syndrome
chemical_list: D001323:Autoantibodies; D015415:Biomarkers; C571326:MOG protein, human; D063308:Myelin-Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein
keywords: Antibodies; acquired demyelinating syndromes; demyelinating disease; differential diagnosis; encephalopathy; multiple sclerosis; myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein; pediatrics