title: Antibacterial mechanisms of polymyxin and bacterial resistance.
abstract: Multidrug resistance in pathogens is an increasingly significant threat for human health. Indeed, some strains are resistant to almost all currently available antibiotics, leaving very limited choices for antimicrobial clinical therapy. In many such cases, polymyxins are the last option available, although their use increases the risk of developing resistant strains. This review mainly aims to discuss advances in unraveling the mechanisms of antibacterial activity of polymyxins and bacterial tolerance together with the description of polymyxin structure, synthesis, and structural modification. These are expected to help researchers not only develop a series of new polymyxin derivatives necessary for future medical care, but also optimize the clinical use of polymyxins with minimal resistance development.
authors: College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
authors: Zhiliang
authors: 0000-0003-4849-7055
authors: Z
authors: Yu
authors: College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
authors: Wangrong
authors: W
authors: Qin
authors: Department of Electrical Engineering, Columbia University, New York City, NY 10027, USA.
authors: Jianxun
authors: 0000-0001-6874-8128
authors: J
authors: Lin
authors: Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen 518055, China.
authors: Shisong
authors: S
authors: Fang
authors: College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
authors: Juanping
authors: J
authors: Qiu
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D024901:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D011113:Polymyxins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D013045:Species Specificity
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D011113:Polymyxins