title: Rusty green stained temporal bone associated with exposure to tetracycline: an unusual presentation of black bone disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To review the phenomenon and implications of temporal bone and craniofacial bone staining in the context of prolonged exposure to tetracycline antibiotic.
  
  
  METHODS
  Case report and literature review.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A 52-year-old male with a 5-year history of tetracycline use presented to undergo tympanomastoidectomy and was found to have an unusual rusty green pigmentation of the entire aspect of the exposed temporal bone. A literature review revealed more than 20 cases of tetracycline-induced pigmentation of intraoral maxillary and mandibular bone, and 2 prior cases involving the cranial bones.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Tissue and organ pigmentation is an unexpected and unfavourable consequence of the use of tetracyclines, particularly minocycline. Tetracycline is contraindicated in children because of the risk for dysosteogenesis and enamel hypoplasia. In adults, although the unusual staining may present as an unexpected dilemma upon surgical exposure, current research shows no significant clinical consequences for this type of pigmentation.
authors: Department of Head and Neck Surgery,David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA,University of California,Los Angeles,USA.
authors: B
authors: B
authors: Farahnik
authors: Department of Head and Neck Surgery,David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA,University of California,Los Angeles,USA.
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Zaghi
authors: Department of Head and Neck Surgery,David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA,University of California,Los Angeles,USA.
authors: L
authors: L
authors: Hendizadeh
authors: Department of Head and Neck Surgery,David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA,University of California,Los Angeles,USA.
authors: Q
authors: Q
authors: Gopen
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D001847:Bone Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010858:Pigmentation / Q000187:drug effects; D010859:Pigmentation Disorders / Q000139:chemically induced*; D013701:Temporal Bone / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology*; D013752:Tetracycline / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D013752:Tetracycline
keywords: Tetracycline