title: Post-traumatic in situ fusion after calcaneal fractures: a retrospective study with 7-28 years follow-up.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In situ fusion as salvage operation after calcaneal fractures has been used. In this retrospective investigation, a group of in situ fused patients is analyzed with long-term follow-up.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-nine patients with in situ single or multiple fusions performed between 1970 and 1990 were included. In 1998 these patients were examined with plain radiographs and computerized tomography (CT) scan of the affected foot. Also, a visual analogue score (VAS) for calcaneal fractures, short form health survey (SF-36), Olerud Molander score and American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle society (AOFAS) hindfoot score were evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The plain radiographs and CT scan showed severe remaining deformities in these patients. The outcome parameters were generally poor and correlated to the degree of remaining deformity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Simple in situ fusion, without consideration of the deformity at hand, after a calcaneal fracture is not an adequate treatment and generally associated with poor outcome.
authors: Stockholms Fotkirurgklinik, Sophiahemmet, Stockholm, Sweden. Electronic address: per-henrik.agren@sophiahemmet.se.
authors: Per-Henrik
authors: PH
authors: Ågren
authors: Stockholm Spine Center, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors: Tycho
authors: T
authors: Tullberg
authors: Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences (Orthopaedics), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
authors: Sebastian
authors: S
authors: Mukka
authors: Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery (Orthopaedics), Karolinska Institute, Solna, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors: Per
authors: P
authors: Wretenberg
authors: Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences (Orthopaedics), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
authors: Arkan S
authors: AS
authors: Sayed-Noor
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001174:Arthrodesis; D002111:Calcaneus / Q000293:injuries* / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D018409:Foot Injuries / Q000601:surgery*; D050723:Fractures, Bone / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013380:Subtalar Joint / Q000601:surgery
keywords: AOFAS score; Calcaneal fracture; In situ; Long follow-up; Olerud–Molander score; Posttraumatic fusion; SF-36; VAS score; Zwipp–Rammelt posttraumatic deformity score