title: Interaction of graphene family materials with Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella enterica.
abstract: Graphene family materials have unique properties, which make them valuable for a range of applications. The antibacterial properties of graphene have been reported; however, findings have been contradictory. This study reports on the antimicrobial proprieties of three different graphene materials (pristine graphene (pG), graphene oxide (GO), and reduced graphene oxide (rGO)) against the food-borne bacterial pathogens Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella enterica. A high concentration (250 μg/mL) of all the analyzed graphenes completely inhibited the growth of both pathogens, despite their difference in bacterial cell wall structure. At a lower concentration (25 μg/mL), similar effects were only observed with GO, as growth inhibition decreased with pG and rGO at the lower concentration. Interaction of the nanoparticles with the pathogenic bacteria was found to differ depending on the form of graphene. Microscopic imaging demonstrated that bacteria were arranged at the edges of pG and rGO, while with GO, they adhered to the nanoparticle surface. GO was found to have the highest antibacterial activity.
authors: Department of Animal Nutrition and Biotechnology, Faculty of Animal Science, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Ciszewskiego 8, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland.
authors: Natalia
authors: N
authors: Kurantowicz
authors: Department of Animal Nutrition and Biotechnology, Faculty of Animal Science, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Ciszewskiego 8, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland.
authors: Ewa
authors: E
authors: Sawosz
authors: Department of Animal Nutrition and Biotechnology, Faculty of Animal Science, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Ciszewskiego 8, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland.
authors: Sławomir
authors: S
authors: Jaworski
authors: Department of Animal Nutrition and Biotechnology, Faculty of Animal Science, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Ciszewskiego 8, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland.
authors: Marta
authors: M
authors: Kutwin
authors: Department of Animal Nutrition and Biotechnology, Faculty of Animal Science, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Ciszewskiego 8, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland.
authors: Barbara
authors: B
authors: Strojny
authors: Department of Animal Nutrition and Biotechnology, Faculty of Animal Science, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Ciszewskiego 8, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland.
authors: Mateusz
authors: M
authors: Wierzbicki
authors: Department of Animal Nutrition and Biotechnology, Faculty of Animal Science, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Ciszewskiego 8, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland.
authors: Jacek
authors: J
authors: Szeliga
authors: Department of Animal Nutrition and Biotechnology, Faculty of Animal Science, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Ciszewskiego 8, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland.
authors: Anna
authors: A
authors: Hotowy
authors: Institute of Electronic Materials Technology, Wólczyńska 133, 01-919 Warsaw, Poland.
authors: Ludwika
authors: L
authors: Lipińska
authors: Institute of Electronic Materials Technology, Wólczyńska 133, 01-919 Warsaw, Poland.
authors: Rafał
authors: R
authors: Koziński
authors: Institute of Electronic Materials Technology, Wólczyńska 133, 01-919 Warsaw, Poland.
authors: Joanna
authors: J
authors: Jagiełło
authors: Department of Veterinary Clinical and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Groennegaardsvej 3, 1870 Frdereiksberg C, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors: André
authors: A
authors: Chwalibog
keywords: Bacteria growth; Graphene oxide; Listeria monocytogenes; Pristine graphene; Reduced graphene oxide; Salmonella enterica