title: Word-level language modeling for P300 spellers based on discriminative graphical models.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In this work we propose a probabilistic graphical model framework that uses language priors at the level of words as a mechanism to increase the performance of P300-based spellers.
  
  
  METHODS
  This paper is concerned with brain-computer interfaces based on P300 spellers. Motivated by P300 spelling scenarios involving communication based on a limited vocabulary, we propose a probabilistic graphical model framework and an associated classification algorithm that uses learned statistical models of language at the level of words. Exploiting such high-level contextual information helps reduce the error rate of the speller.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Our experimental results demonstrate that the proposed approach offers several advantages over existing methods. Most importantly, it increases the classification accuracy while reducing the number of times the letters need to be flashed, increasing the communication rate of the system.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The proposed approach models all the variables in the P300 speller in a unified framework and has the capability to correct errors in previous letters in a word, given the data for the current one. The structure of the model we propose allows the use of efficient inference algorithms, which in turn makes it possible to use this approach in real-time applications.
authors: Signal Proc. Info. Syst. Lab, Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey. Robotics & Intelligent Syst. Lab, Universidad del Norte, Barranquilla, Colombia.
authors: Jaime F Delgado
authors: JF
authors: Saa
authors: Adriana de
authors: Ad
authors: Pesters
authors: Dennis
authors: D
authors: McFarland
authors: Müjdat
authors: M
authors: Çetin
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D062207:Brain-Computer Interfaces; D003143:Communication Devices for People with Disabilities; D003196:Computer Graphics; D003198:Computer Simulation; D004562:Electrocardiography / Q000379:methods*; D018913:Event-Related Potentials, P300 / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007802:Language; D015233:Models, Statistical; D009323:Natural Language Processing; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis; D015443:Word Processing / Q000379:methods*