title: Incidence and psychological-behavioral characteristics of refractory functional dyspepsia: a large, multi-center, prospective investigation from China.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore the incidence and psychological and behavioral characteristics of refractory functional dyspepsia (RFD) in China.
  
  
  METHODS
  The subjects of this study were 1341 new outpatients with functional dyspepsia (FD) who were diagnosed according to the Rome III criteria at four hospitals in Guangdong Province between June and September 2012, and 100 healthy volunteers. All subjects completed questionnaires and scales administered.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Three-hundred and twenty-seven of the 1341 patients with FD had RFD (24.4%). Patients with RFD had a longer disease duration and a more severe form of the disease than patients with non-refractory FD (NRFD). The prevalence of depression and anxiety symptoms was higher in patients with RFD than in patients with NRFD. The prevalence of unhealthy eating behaviors, lack of physical activity, and sleeping disorders was higher in patients with RFD than in patients with NRFD. Patients with RFD sought medical advice on more occasions and spent more money on treatment than patients with NRFD. Finally, patients with RFD had poorer quality of life than patients with NRFD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  RFD is not rare in clinical practice and should get attention by patients and doctors because of its long duration, severe symptoms, and associations with abnormal psychology and poor quality of life.
authors: Shu-Man Jiang, Lin Jia, Xiao-Gai Lei, Jing Liu, Min Song, Wei-Dong Li, Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510180, Guangdong Province, China.
authors: Shu-Man
authors: SM
authors: Jiang
authors: Shu-Man Jiang, Lin Jia, Xiao-Gai Lei, Jing Liu, Min Song, Wei-Dong Li, Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510180, Guangdong Province, China.
authors: Lin
authors: L
authors: Jia
authors: Shu-Man Jiang, Lin Jia, Xiao-Gai Lei, Jing Liu, Min Song, Wei-Dong Li, Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510180, Guangdong Province, China.
authors: Xiao-Gai
authors: XG
authors: Lei
authors: Shu-Man Jiang, Lin Jia, Xiao-Gai Lei, Jing Liu, Min Song, Wei-Dong Li, Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510180, Guangdong Province, China.
authors: Ming
authors: M
authors: Xu
authors: Shu-Man Jiang, Lin Jia, Xiao-Gai Lei, Jing Liu, Min Song, Wei-Dong Li, Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510180, Guangdong Province, China.
authors: Sheng-Bing
authors: SB
authors: Wang
authors: Shu-Man Jiang, Lin Jia, Xiao-Gai Lei, Jing Liu, Min Song, Wei-Dong Li, Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510180, Guangdong Province, China.
authors: Jing
authors: J
authors: Liu
authors: Shu-Man Jiang, Lin Jia, Xiao-Gai Lei, Jing Liu, Min Song, Wei-Dong Li, Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510180, Guangdong Province, China.
authors: Min
authors: M
authors: Song
authors: Shu-Man Jiang, Lin Jia, Xiao-Gai Lei, Jing Liu, Min Song, Wei-Dong Li, Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510180, Guangdong Province, China.
authors: Wei-Dong
authors: WD
authors: Li
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001007:Anxiety / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D003863:Depression / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D004415:Dyspepsia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000191:economics / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D015438:Health Behavior; D017048:Health Care Costs; D005102:Health Expenditures; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010342:Patient Acceptance of Health Care; D015995:Prevalence; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011788:Quality of Life; D057185:Sedentary Behavior; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012893:Sleep Wake Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Anxiety; Behavior; Depression; Psychological-behavioral characteristics; Quality of life; Refractory functional dyspepsia