title: Increasing fat content from 20 to 45 wt% in a complex diet induces lower endotoxemia in parallel with an increased number of intestinal goblet cells in mice.
abstract: The impacts of high-fat diets (HFDs) on the onset of metabolic endotoxemia and low-grade inflammation are well established in rodent models. However, the dose-effect of dietary lipid intakes on these parameters is not known. We hypothesized that increasing dietary lipid amounts could be linked to parallel increases of endotoxemia, low-grade inflammation, and metabolic and intestinal alterations. Six-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were fed a low-fat diet (LFD, 2.6 wt% of lipids), a moderate HFD (mHFD, 22 wt% of lipids), or a very HFD (vHFD, 45 wt% of lipids) formulated mainly using chow ingredients and milk fat. After 12 weeks, white adipose tissues, liver, intestine, distal colon contents, and plasma were collected. Only vHFD mice significantly increased body weight and fat mass vs LFD mice. This was associated with increases of plasma concentrations of triglycerides, leptin and adiponectin, and liver lipids. No such differences were observed between LFD and mHFD mice. However, mHFD developed metabolic endotoxemia and inflammation, unlike vHFD mice. In turn, vHFD mice showed more goblet cells in all intestine segments vs both other groups and a decrease of Bacteroides-Prevotella in their microbiota vs LFD mice. Finally, mHFD mice colon exhibited a decrease in lactobacilli and in the levels of occludin phosphorylation. Altogether, using complex HFD, no associations were observed between dietary lipid amounts and the magnitude of endotoxemia, inflammation, and physiological alterations developed. These results reveal the impact of the diet composition on intestinal goblet cells and mucus coat, bringing new insights about further consequences on HFD-induced metabolic disorders.
authors: Lyon University, Univ Lyon-1, F-69621 Villeurbanne, France; INRA UMR1397, INSERM U1060, CarMeN Laboratory, F-69621 Villeurbanne, France. Electronic address: berengere.benoit@yahoo.fr.
authors: Bérengère
authors: B
authors: Benoit
authors: Lyon University, Univ Lyon-1, F-69621 Villeurbanne, France; INRA UMR1397, INSERM U1060, CarMeN Laboratory, F-69621 Villeurbanne, France; INSA-Lyon, IMBL, F-69621 Villeurbanne, France. Electronic address: fabienne.laugerette@univ-lyon1.fr.
authors: Fabienne
authors: F
authors: Laugerette
authors: INRA UMR1397, INSERM U1060, CarMeN Laboratory, F-69621 Villeurbanne, France; INSA-Lyon, IMBL, F-69621 Villeurbanne, France. Electronic address: pascale.plaisancie@inserm.fr.
authors: Pascale
authors: P
authors: Plaisancié
authors: INRA UMR1397, INSERM U1060, CarMeN Laboratory, F-69621 Villeurbanne, France. Electronic address: alain.geloen@insa-lyon.fr.
authors: Alain
authors: A
authors: Géloën
authors: Lyon University, Univ Lyon-1, F-69621 Villeurbanne, France; Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, TIGER Team, Villeurbanne, France. Electronic address: jacques.bodennec@univ-lyon1.fr.
authors: Jacques
authors: J
authors: Bodennec
authors: INRA UMR1397, INSERM U1060, CarMeN Laboratory, F-69621 Villeurbanne, France; INSA-Lyon, IMBL, F-69621 Villeurbanne, France. Electronic address: monique.estienne@inserm.fr.
authors: Monique
authors: M
authors: Estienne
authors: INRA UMR1397, INSERM U1060, CarMeN Laboratory, F-69621 Villeurbanne, France; INSA-Lyon, IMBL, F-69621 Villeurbanne, France. Electronic address: gaelle.pineau@insa-lyon.fr.
authors: Gaëlle
authors: G
authors: Pineau
authors: INRA UR454, Unité de Microbiologie, Clermont-Ferrand, France. Electronic address: annick.bernalier@clermont.inra.fr.
authors: Annick
authors: A
authors: Bernalier-Donadille
authors: Lyon University, Univ Lyon-1, F-69621 Villeurbanne, France; INSERM U1060, CarMeN Laboratory, F-69921 Oullins, France. Electronic address: hubert.vidal@univ-lyon1.fr.
authors: Hubert
authors: H
authors: Vidal
authors: INRA UMR1397, INSERM U1060, CarMeN Laboratory, F-69621 Villeurbanne, France; INSA-Lyon, IMBL, F-69621 Villeurbanne, France. Electronic address: marie-caroline.michalski@insa-lyon.fr.
authors: Marie-Caroline
authors: MC
authors: Michalski
mesh_terms: D052242:Adiponectin / Q000097:blood; D052436:Adipose Tissue, White / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D003106:Colon / Q000378:metabolism; D018752:Diet, Fat-Restricted; D059305:Diet, High-Fat; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D019446:Endotoxemia / Q000503:physiopathology*; D020397:Goblet Cells / Q000378:metabolism*; D007249:Inflammation / Q000503:physiopathology*; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism; D007422:Intestines / Q000166:cytology; D020738:Leptin / Q000097:blood; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D062793:Occludin / Q000378:metabolism; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D015430:Weight Gain; D062826:Zonula Occludens-1 Protein / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D052242:Adiponectin; D004041:Dietary Fats; D015850:Interleukin-6; D020738:Leptin; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D062793:Occludin; D014280:Triglycerides; D062826:Zonula Occludens-1 Protein
keywords: Adipokine; Endotoxin; Intestine; Mice; Microbiota