title: Incidence of High Infertility Risk among Unilateral Cryptorchid Boys.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Increasing evidence of progressive damage to germ cell development in boys with cryptorchidism suggests recommending surgery until one year of age. However, despite early and successful orchidopexy, cryptorchid boys with impaired mini-puberty will suffer from infertility. We reviewed changes in the timing of surgery during the past decade and the incidence of unilateral cryptorchid boys with defective mini-puberty.
  
  
  METHODS
  Medical registries were reviewed for all patients who were operated on for cryptorchidism at the main pediatric urological center of the country. The ages of surgery in cases of unilateral cryptorchidism were compared between the years 2000-2001 and 2012-2013. A high risk of infertility was considered when no Ad spermatogonia were found. Two groups were compared: group I--operated on until the age of 1.5 years and group II--older than 1.5 years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The average age at operation decreased from 5.3 to 4.1 years. Forty-six biopsies in boys with unilateral cryptorchidism were made during orchidopexy on undescended testicles. Overall, 44% in group I and 50 % in group II (p > 0.05) had no Ad spermatogonia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The average age of operation for cryptorchidism has decreased, but remains far above the recommended age. The high prevalence of histologically proven risk of infertility underscores the necessity of more education regarding the importance of earlier surgery and the research on hormonal prevention of infertility.
authors: Department of Gastroenterology, Nephrourology and Surgery, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania.
authors: Vytautas
authors: V
authors: Bilius
authors: Gilvydas
authors: G
authors: Verkauskas
authors: Darius
authors: D
authors: Dasevicius
authors: Vytis
authors: V
authors: Kazlauskas
authors: Dalius
authors: D
authors: Malcius
authors: Faruk
authors: F
authors: Hadziselimovic
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001706:Biopsy; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003456:Cryptorchidism / Q000601:surgery*; D016208:Databases, Factual; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007223:Infant; D007248:Infertility, Male / Q000150:complications* / Q000209:etiology*; D008297:Male; D056126:Orchiopexy / Q000379:methods; D015995:Prevalence; D011627:Puberty; D012042:Registries; D012307:Risk Factors; D012708:Sertoli Cells / Q000473:pathology; D013076:Sperm Count; D013093:Spermatogonia / Q000473:pathology*; D013737:Testis / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D013521:Urologic Surgical Procedures, Male / Q000379:methods*