title: Outcomes of gestational weight gain outside the Institute of Medicine Guidelines.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare pregnancy outcomes between women who gave birth at Lerdsin Hospital having gestational weight gain (GWG) within and above or below Institute of Medicine (IOM) guidelines.
  
  
  METHODS
  All medical records of women who gave birth at Lerdsin Hospital between October 1, 2010 and September 30, 2013 were reviewed. Three thousands six hundred eighty three women who met inclusion criteria were divided into four categories according to pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) as underweight, normal weight, overweight and obese. Women in each categories were compared for outcomes (neonatal birth weight, cesarean birth, pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH), gestational diabetes (GDM), preterm birth, low birth weight (LBW), macrosomia, smallforgestational age (SGA) and largefor gestational age (LGA)), using logistic regression to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (Cls).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of3,683 pregnant women, 34.9% had weight gain within, 36.5% above, and 28.7% below IOM guidelines. Women with higher gestational weight gain in all BM7 categories had an increased risk of cesarean birth (except in obese group), macrosomia, LGA and a decreased riskforpreterm birth, LBW (exceptfor overweight group) and SGA. Women with lower gestational weight gain had an increased risk forpreterm birth, LBW SGA and a decreased risk for cesarean birth. Neonates deliveredfrom women whose gestational weight gains were above IOMguidelines were also heavier than those from neonates whose maternal weight gains during pregnancy were within IOM guidelines.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The IOM guidelines are usefulfor monitoring gestational weight gain and if it were within guidelines, women could have decreased riskfor several adverse outcomes such as cesarean birth, macrosomia, LGA, preterm birth, LBW and SGA.
authors: Ekachai
authors: E
authors: Asvanarunat
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001724:Birth Weight; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002585:Cesarean Section / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D016640:Diabetes, Gestational / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D005260:Female; D005320:Fetal Macrosomia / Q000453:epidemiology; D005865:Gestational Age; D006077:Government Agencies; D017408:Guidelines as Topic; D006801:Humans; D046110:Hypertension, Pregnancy-Induced / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D007230:Infant, Low Birth Weight; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D016015:Logistic Models; D015969:National Academies of Science, Engineering, and Medicine, U.S., Health and Medicine Division; D009765:Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome / Q000453:epidemiology*; D047928:Premature Birth / Q000453:epidemiology; D011295:Prenatal Care / Q000592:standards*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012955:Societies, Medical; D013785:Thailand; D014481:United States; D015430:Weight Gain; D055815:Young Adult