title: Are there intergenerational and population-specific effects of oxidative stress in sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka)?
abstract: Intergenerational effects of stress have been reported in a wide range of taxa; however, few researchers have examined the intergenerational consequences of oxidative stress. Oxidative stress occurs in living organisms when reactive oxygen species remain unquenched by antioxidant defense systems and become detrimental to cells. In fish, it is unknown how maternal oxidative stress and antioxidant capacity influence offspring quality. The semelparous, migratory life history of Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) provides a unique opportunity to explore intergenerational effects of oxidative stress. This study examined the effects of population origin on maternal and developing offspring oxidative stress and antioxidant capacity, and elucidated intergenerational relationships among populations of sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) with varying migration effort. For three geographically distinct populations of Fraser River sockeye salmon (British Columbia, Canada), antioxidant capacity and oxidative stress were measured in adult female plasma, heart, brain, and liver, as well as in developing offspring until time of emergence. Maternal and offspring oxidative stress and antioxidant capacity varied among populations but patterns were not consistent across tissue/developmental stage. Furthermore, maternal oxidative stress and antioxidant capacity did not affect offspring oxidative stress and antioxidant capacity across any of the developmental stages or populations sampled. Our results revealed that offspring develop their endogenous antioxidant systems at varying rates across populations; however, this variability is overcome by the time of emergence. While offspring may be relying on maternally derived antioxidants in the initial stages of development, they rapidly develop their own antioxidant systems (mainly glutathione) during later stages of development.
authors: Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Ottawa-Carleton Institute for Biology, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada; Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Biology, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada. Electronic address: jessjtaylor16@gmail.com.
authors: Jessica J
authors: JJ
authors: Taylor
authors: Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Ottawa-Carleton Institute for Biology, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada; Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Biology, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada.
authors: Samantha M
authors: SM
authors: Wilson
authors: Pacific Salmon Ecology and Conservation Laboratory, Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, University of British Columbia, 2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada.
authors: Natalie M
authors: NM
authors: Sopinka
authors: Pacific Salmon Ecology and Conservation Laboratory, Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, University of British Columbia, 2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada.
authors: Scott G
authors: SG
authors: Hinch
authors: Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Cooperative Resource Management Institute, School of Resource and Environmental Management, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada.
authors: David A
authors: DA
authors: Patterson
authors: Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Ottawa-Carleton Institute for Biology, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada; Institute of Environmental Science, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada.
authors: Steven J
authors: SJ
authors: Cooke
authors: Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Biology, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada.
authors: William G
authors: WG
authors: Willmore
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D012474:Salmon / Q000378:metabolism*
keywords: Antioxidant capacity; Egg cortisol; Intergenerational effects; Oxidative stress; Sockeye salmon