title: Retromer contributes to immunity-associated cell death in Arabidopsis.
abstract: Membrane trafficking is required during plant immune responses, but its contribution to the hypersensitive response (HR), a form of programmed cell death (PCD) associated with effector-triggered immunity, is not well understood. HR is induced by nucleotide binding-leucine-rich repeat (NB-LRR) immune receptors and can involve vacuole-mediated processes, including autophagy. We previously isolated lazarus (laz) suppressors of autoimmunity-triggered PCD in the Arabidopsis thaliana mutant accelerated cell death11 (acd11) and demonstrated that the cell death phenotype is due to ectopic activation of the LAZ5 NB-LRR. We report here that laz4 is mutated in one of three VACUOLAR PROTEIN SORTING35 (VPS35) genes. We verify that LAZ4/VPS35B is part of the retromer complex, which functions in endosomal protein sorting and vacuolar trafficking. We show that VPS35B acts in an endosomal trafficking pathway and plays a role in LAZ5-dependent acd11 cell death. Furthermore, we find that VPS35 homologs contribute to certain forms of NB-LRR protein-mediated autoimmunity as well as pathogen-triggered HR. Finally, we demonstrate that retromer deficiency causes defects in late endocytic/lytic compartments and impairs autophagy-associated vacuolar processes. Our findings indicate important roles of retromer-mediated trafficking during the HR; these may include endosomal sorting of immune components and targeting of vacuolar cargo.
authors: Department of Biology, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark.
authors: David
authors: D
authors: Munch
authors: Department of Plant Biology, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences and Linnean Center of Plant Biology, SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden.
authors: Ooi-Kock
authors: OK
authors: Teh
authors: Department of Biology, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark.
authors: Frederikke Gro
authors: FG
authors: Malinovsky
authors: Department of Plant Biology, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences and Linnean Center of Plant Biology, SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden.
authors: Qinsong
authors: Q
authors: Liu
authors: Department of Plant Biology, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences and Linnean Center of Plant Biology, SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden.
authors: Ramesh R
authors: RR
authors: Vetukuri
authors: Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Biology, and Carolina Center for Genome Sciences, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3280.
authors: Farid
authors: F
authors: El Kasmi
authors: Department of Biology, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark.
authors: Peter
authors: P
authors: Brodersen
authors: Department of Botany, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
authors: Ikuko
authors: I
authors: Hara-Nishimura
authors: Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Biology, and Carolina Center for Genome Sciences, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3280.
authors: Jeffery L
authors: JL
authors: Dangl
authors: Department of Biology, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark.
authors: Morten
authors: M
authors: Petersen
authors: Department of Biology, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark.
authors: John
authors: J
authors: Mundy
authors: Department of Biology, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark Department of Plant Biology, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences and Linnean Center of Plant Biology, SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden daniel.hofius@slu.se.
authors: Daniel
authors: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4854-9946
authors: D
authors: Hofius
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis; D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000166:cytology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D001343:Autophagy; D060467:Disease Resistance / Q000276:immunology; D004705:Endocytosis; D017343:Genes, Plant; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D046912:Multiprotein Complexes / Q000378:metabolism*; D057146:Multivesicular Bodies / Q000378:metabolism; D009154:Mutation; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000276:immunology; D057865:Plant Immunity; D011485:Protein Binding; D021122:Protein Subunits / Q000378:metabolism; D021381:Protein Transport; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
chemical_list: D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D046912:Multiprotein Complexes; D021122:Protein Subunits; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins