title: The development of global vaccine stockpiles.
abstract: Global vaccine stockpiles, in which vaccines are reserved for use when needed for emergencies or supply shortages, have effectively provided countries with the capacity for rapid response to emergency situations, such as outbreaks of yellow fever and meningococcal meningitis. The high cost and insufficient supply of many vaccines, including oral cholera vaccine and pandemic influenza vaccine, have prompted discussion on expansion of the use of vaccine stockpiles to address a wider range of emerging and re-emerging diseases. However, the decision to establish and maintain a vaccine stockpile is complex and must take account of disease and vaccine characteristics, stockpile management, funding, and ethical concerns, such as equity. Past experience with global vaccine stockpiles provide valuable information about the processes for their establishment and maintenance. In this Review we explored existing literature and stockpile data to discuss the lessons learned and to inform the development of future vaccine stockpiles.
authors: Global Immunization Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA. Electronic address: cyen@cdc.gov.
authors: Catherine
authors: C
authors: Yen
authors: Global Immunization Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
authors: Terri B
authors: TB
authors: Hyde
authors: Pandemic and Epidemic Diseases Department, WHO, Geneva, Switzerland.
authors: Alejandro J
authors: AJ
authors: Costa
authors: Pandemic and Epidemic Diseases Department, WHO, Geneva, Switzerland.
authors: Katya
authors: K
authors: Fernandez
authors: Department of Immunization, Vaccines and Biologicals, WHO, Geneva, Switzerland.
authors: John S
authors: JS
authors: Tam
authors: Pandemic and Epidemic Diseases Department, WHO, Geneva, Switzerland.
authors: Stéphane
authors: S
authors: Hugonnet
authors: Pandemic and Epidemic Diseases Department, WHO, Geneva, Switzerland.
authors: Anne M
authors: AM
authors: Huvos
authors: Department of Immunization, Vaccines and Biologicals, WHO, Geneva, Switzerland.
authors: Philippe
authors: P
authors: Duclos
authors: Global Immunization Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
authors: Vance J
authors: VJ
authors: Dietz
authors: WHO, Bangkok, Thailand.
authors: Brenton T
authors: BT
authors: Burkholder
mesh_terms: D003140:Communicable Disease Control / Q000379:methods*; D021821:Communicable Diseases, Emerging / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D014943:Global Health; D006801:Humans; D062205:Strategic Stockpile; D014612:Vaccines / Q000600:supply & distribution
chemical_list: D014612:Vaccines