title: Adsorption of Methylene Blue by ultrasonic surface modified chitin.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Chitin is a biopolymer which can be used as a low-cost and eco-friendly material for dyes adsorption. The use of chitin for dyes removal is little investigated, due its low surface area, porosity and high crystallinity. So, an ultrasonic surface modified chitin (USM-chitin) was prepared and used for Methylene Blue (MB) adsorption.
  
  
  METHODS
  Chitin was obtained from shrimp wastes and its surface was modified by an ultrasound-assisted treatment. USM-chitin was characterized by N2 adsorption/desorption isotherms (BET surface area, total pore volume), infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The adsorption of MB on USM-chitin was studied by kinetic, equilibrium, thermodynamic, interactions analysis, desorption and mass transfer aspects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  USM-chitin presented surface area 25 times higher than raw chitin. The porosity was increased and the crystallinity was decreased. The general order model was suitable to represent the adsorption kinetics and the Langmuir model was adequate for the equilibrium. The maximum adsorption capacity was 26.69 mg g(-1). The adsorption was spontaneous, favorable and exothermic. USM-chitin can be used seven times maintaining the same adsorption capacity.
authors: Chemical Engineering Department, Federal University of Santa Maria, UFSM, Roraima Avenue, 1000, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil. Electronic address: guilherme_dotto@yahoo.com.br.
authors: G L
authors: GL
authors: Dotto
authors: Chemical Engineering Department, Federal University of Santa Maria, UFSM, Roraima Avenue, 1000, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil. Electronic address: juhmnsantos@hotmail.com.
authors: J M N
authors: JM
authors: Santos
authors: Chemical Engineering Department, Federal University of Santa Maria, UFSM, Roraima Avenue, 1000, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil. Electronic address: igor.rodrigues.mormon@gmail.com.
authors: I L
authors: IL
authors: Rodrigues
authors: Chemical Engineering Department, Federal University of Santa Maria, UFSM, Roraima Avenue, 1000, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil. Electronic address: rejirr@hotmail.com.
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Rosa
authors: Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Pampa, UNIPAMPA, Bagé, RS, Brazil. Electronic address: flavio.pavan@unipampa.edu.br.
authors: F A
authors: FA
authors: Pavan
authors: Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. Electronic address: profederlima@gmail.com.
authors: E C
authors: EC
authors: Lima
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D002686:Chitin / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000528:radiation effects*; D004396:Coloring Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007700:Kinetics; D008751:Methylene Blue / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D013816:Thermodynamics; D014465:Ultrasonics; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction
chemical_list: D004396:Coloring Agents; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D002686:Chitin; D008751:Methylene Blue
keywords: Cationic dye; Chitin; Surface modification; Thermodynamic; Ultrasound