title: Chlorine Dioxide is a Better Disinfectant than Sodium Hypochlorite against Multi-Drug Resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Acinetobacter baumannii.
abstract: In this study, we evaluated and compared the antibacterial activity of chlorine dioxide (ClO2) and sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) on various multidrug-resistant strains in the presence of bovine serum albumin and sheep erythrocytes to mimic the blood contamination that frequently occurs in the clinical setting. The 3 most important species that cause nosocomial infections, i.e., methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MDRP), and multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (MDRA), were evaluated, with three representative strains of each. At a 10-ppm concentration, ClO2 drastically reduced the number of bacteria of all MDRP and MDRA strains, and 2 out of 3 MRSA strains. However, 10 ppm of NaClO did not significantly kill any of the 9 strains tested in 60 seconds (s). In addition, 100 ppm of ClO2 completely killed all MRSA strains, whereas 100 ppm of NaClO failed to significantly lower the number of 2 MRSA strains and 1 MDRA strain. A time-course experiment demonstrated that, within 15 s, 100 ppm of ClO2, but not 100 ppm of NaClO, completely killed all tested strains. Taken together, these data suggest that ClO2 is more effective than NaClO against MRSA, MDRP, and MDRA, and 100 ppm is an effective concentration against these multidrug-resistant strains, which cause fatal nosocomial infections.
authors: Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University.
authors: Atsushi
authors: A
authors: Hinenoya
authors: Sharda Prasad
authors: SP
authors: Awasthi
authors: Noritomo
authors: N
authors: Yasuda
authors: Ayaka
authors: A
authors: Shima
authors: Hirofumi
authors: H
authors: Morino
authors: Tomoko
authors: T
authors: Koizumi
authors: Toshiaki
authors: T
authors: Fukuda
authors: Takanori
authors: T
authors: Miura
authors: Takashi
authors: T
authors: Shibata
authors: Shinji
authors: S
authors: Yamasaki
mesh_terms: D040981:Acinetobacter baumannii / Q000187:drug effects*; D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D017606:Chlorine Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004202:Disinfectants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D024901:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; D004912:Erythrocytes; D055624:Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects*; D050296:Microbial Viability / Q000187:drug effects*; D010087:Oxides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011550:Pseudomonas aeruginosa / Q000187:drug effects*; D012710:Serum Albumin, Bovine; D012756:Sheep; D012973:Sodium Hypochlorite / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D017606:Chlorine Compounds; D004202:Disinfectants; D010087:Oxides; D012710:Serum Albumin, Bovine; C025109:chlorine dioxide; D012973:Sodium Hypochlorite