title: Endophthalmitis after resident-performed intravitreal bevacizumab injection.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the rate of acute endophthalmitis after resident-performed intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB) injections and to compare the results with those performed by attending retina surgeons.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective comparative case series.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eight thousand thirty-seven patients treated with intravitreal injection of bevacizumab.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective chart review of the resident-performed IVB injections at Rassoul Akram Hospital and attending-performed IVB injections at a private eye clinic between 2011 and 2014 was undertaken. Cases of clinical endophthalmitis were identified.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During the study interval, the overall incidence rate of postinjection endophthalmitis was 0.01% (1/8037). Antibiotic eye drops were prescribed after IVB injection for 2771 eyes (34.5%). The single case of acute endophthalmitis occurred after a resident-performed injection, and vitreous culture showed growth of Staphylococcus epidermidis. The incidence rate of acute endophthalmitis after resident-performed IVB injection was 0.02% (1/4921). No statistically significant difference was found in the rates of endophthalmitis between resident-performed and attending-performed injections (p = 1). Also, the difference in the rates of endophthalmitis between those receiving postinjection antibiotics and those who did not was not statistically significant (p = 0.3).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The risk for endophthalmitis after resident-performed IVB injection is low and similar to that of the supervising surgeons performing the procedure.
authors: Department of Ophthalmology, Eye Research Center, Rassoul Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences. Electronic address: drghasemi@yahoo.com.
authors: Khalil Ghasemi
authors: KG
authors: Falavarjani
authors: Department of Ophthalmology, Eye Research Center, Rassoul Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences.
authors: Mohammadreza
authors: M
authors: Aghamirsalim
authors: Department of Ophthalmology, Eye Research Center, Rassoul Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences; Markazi Eye Clinic, Tehran, Iran.
authors: Mehdi
authors: M
authors: Modarres
authors: Department of Ophthalmology, Eye Research Center, Rassoul Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences.
authors: Ali
authors: A
authors: Hadavandkhani
authors: Department of Ophthalmology, Eye Research Center, Rassoul Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences; Markazi Eye Clinic, Tehran, Iran.
authors: Masih
authors: M
authors: Hashemi
authors: Department of Ophthalmology, Eye Research Center, Rassoul Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences; Markazi Eye Clinic, Tehran, Iran.
authors: Mohammad Mehdi
authors: MM
authors: Parvaresh
authors: Department of Ophthalmology, Eye Research Center, Rassoul Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences; Markazi Eye Clinic, Tehran, Iran.
authors: Masood
authors: M
authors: Naseripour
authors: Retina Institute of the Carolinas, Charlotte, N.C.
authors: Nasrollah
authors: N
authors: Samiy
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000068258:Bevacizumab; D004503:Education, Medical, Graduate; D009877:Endophthalmitis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D015818:Eye Infections, Bacterial / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007396:Internship and Residency / Q000592:standards; D058449:Intravitreal Injections / Q000009:adverse effects*; D007492:Iran / Q000453:epidemiology; D009885:Ophthalmology / Q000193:education*; D012164:Retinal Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors
chemical_list: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; C467484:VEGFA protein, human; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D000068258:Bevacizumab