title: CagA and VacA genotypes in peptic ulcer disease and non-ulcer dyspepsia: a case-control study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The cag pathogenicity island includes a number of genes, including cytotoxin-associated protein A (cagA) and vacuolating cytotoxin (vacA) genotypes, which are associated with bacterial virulence. Although the role of cagA and vacA in the virulence of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is well-established in epidemiological studies, the relationship between the cagA and vacA genotypes in Iran has yet to be fully elucidated. This study compared the association between cagA and vacA genotypes between peptic ulcer disease (PUD) patients and non-ulcer dyspeptic (NUD) patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  This case control study was done on 130 patients with positive H. pylori in histological and Giemsa reports. The case group comprised 65 PUD patients, and the control group included 65 NUD patients. The presence of the cagA and vacA genotypes was determined using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) on biopsy samples, taken via endoscopy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both cagA and vacA genotypes were positive in 51.5% (17) of the PUD group and 20% (6) of the NUD group (p= 0.009), and both cagA and vacA genotypes were negative in 48.5% (16) and 80% (24) of the case and control groups, respectively (p= 0.03). CagA-positive H. pylori was detected in 41.5% (27) and 24.6% (16) of the case and control groups, respectively (p= 0.001), and vacA-positive H. pylori was found in 60% (39) and 46% (30) of the case and control groups, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both cagA and vacA genotypes were more prevalent in the PUD patients than in their NUD counterparts among our Iranian samples. It is seems that the determination of these two genotypes in PUD patients is a good screening tool for patient selection for endoscopy and treatment.
authors: 1. Assistant Professor, Research Center for Gastroenterology and Liver Disease, Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Firoozgar Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. hfyaseri@yahoo.com.
authors: Hashem
authors: H
authors: FakhreYaseri
authors: 2. Associate Professor, Department and Research Center of Immunology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. m_shekaraby@yahoo.com.
authors: Mehdi
authors: M
authors: Shakaraby
authors: 3. Associate Professor, Department of Epidemiology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. baradaran.hr@iums.ac.ir.
authors: Hamid Reza
authors: HR
authors: Bradaran
authors: 4. Professor, Department of Internal Medicine, Firoozgar Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. soltarab34@gmail.com.
authors: Seyed Kamran
authors: SK
authors: Soltani Arabshahi
authors: 5. General physician, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. fyasseri@mihanmail.ir.
authors: Ali Mohammad
authors: AM
authors: Fakhre Yaseri
keywords: Dyspepsia; Genes; Peptic ulcer