title: [Risk factors for tardive movement disorders in schizophrenia].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Tardive movement disorders are common among patients with schizophrenia. Risk factors for movement disorders are of the utmost importance in the context of preventive strategies.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To achieve clearer classification of movement disorders in schizophrenia, to identify the risk factors involved and thereby develop strategies to prevent movement disorders.
  
  
  METHODS
  We searched PubMed for prospective studies which had been performed in homogeneous target populations with schizophrenia and which contained well-defined definitions of the movement disorders. From these we selected studies in which risk factors were repeatedly identified.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Tardive dyskinesia is well documented. Risk factors for developing tardive dyskinesia are use of antipsychotics, particularly those belonging to the first generation, 'not belonging to the Caucasian race', early extrapyramidal symptoms and older age. So far, there is very little conclusive evidence regarding the genetics of tardive movement disorders.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  With regard to tardive dyskinesia, not belonging to the Caucasian race and old age are two risk factors that can be quickly determined for the purpose of prevention. In this case it leads to the choice of medication with a low D2 affinity. Furthermore, it is advisable, after commencing treatment with an antipsychotic drug, to evaluate on a regular basis if the patient is showing (early) signs of TD. If TD does occur, there is a choice between medication with a low D-2 affinity or clozapine.
authors: D E
authors: DE
authors: Tenback
authors: P R
authors: PR
authors: Bakker
authors: P N
authors: PN
authors: van Harten
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D009069:Movement Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D044469:Racial Groups; D012307:Risk Factors; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents