title: Steroid for epidural injection in spinal stenosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effectiveness and safety of epidural steroid injections in patients with lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS).
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a search on the CENTRAL, Pubmed, Embase and Cochrane databases up to September 2014. We recovered 17 original articles, of which only 10 were in full compliance with the randomized controlled trial (RCT) criteria. These articles were reviewed in an independent and blinded way by two reviewers who were previously trained to extract data and score their quality by the criteria of the Cochrane Handbook (5.1.0).
  
  
  RESULTS
  We accepted ten studies with 1,010 participants. There is minimal evidence that shows that epidural steroid injections are better than lidocaine alone, regardless of the mode of epidural injection. There is a fair short-term and long-term benefit for treating spinal stenosis with local anesthetic and steroids.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This meta-analysis suggests that epidural steroid injections provide limited improvement in short-term and long-term benefits in LSS patients.
authors: Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
authors: Kuan
authors: K
authors: Liu
authors: Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
authors: Pengcheng
authors: P
authors: Liu
authors: Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
authors: Run
authors: R
authors: Liu
authors: Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
authors: Xing
authors: X
authors: Wu
authors: Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
authors: Ming
authors: M
authors: Cai
mesh_terms: D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage; D001416:Back Pain / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D007278:Injections, Spinal; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000503:physiopathology; D010147:Pain Measurement; D061214:Patient Safety; D020127:Recovery of Function; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D013130:Spinal Stenosis / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D013256:Steroids / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D013256:Steroids
keywords: chronic pain; epidural injection; local anesthetic; lumbar spinal stenosis; steroid