title: TORCH infections.
abstract: TORCH infections classically comprise toxoplasmosis, Treponema pallidum, rubella, cytomegalovirus, herpesvirus, hepatitis viruses, human immunodeficiency virus, and other infections, such as varicella, parvovirus B19, and enteroviruses. The epidemiology of these infections varies; in low-income and middle-income countries, TORCH infections are major contributors to prenatal, perinatal, and postnatal morbidity and mortality. Evidence of infection may be seen at birth, in infancy, or years later. For many of these pathogens, treatment or prevention strategies are available. Early recognition, including prenatal screening, is key. This article covers toxoplasmosis, parvovirus B19, syphilis, rubella, hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, and human immunodeficiency virus.
authors: Division of Pediatric Infectious Disease, Columbia University Medical Center, 622 West 168th Street, PH-468, New York, NY 10032, USA. Electronic address: nn45@columbia.edu.
authors: Natalie
authors: N
authors: Neu
authors: Division of Pediatric Infectious Disease, New York-Presbyterian Morgan Stanley Children's Hospital, 622 West 168th Street, PH-471, New York, NY 10032, USA.
authors: Jennifer
authors: J
authors: Duchon
authors: Division of Pediatric Infectious Disease, New York-Presbyterian Morgan Stanley Children's Hospital, 622 West 168th Street, PH-471, New York, NY 10032, USA.
authors: Philip
authors: P
authors: Zachariah
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000981:Antiprotozoal Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016731:Erythema Infectiosum / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000151:congenital / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy; D006509:Hepatitis B / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy; D006526:Hepatitis C / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D011247:Pregnancy; D011251:Pregnancy Complications, Infectious / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy; D011296:Prenatal Diagnosis; D012410:Rubella Syndrome, Congenital / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy; D013590:Syphilis, Congenital / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy; D014125:Toxoplasmosis, Congenital / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000981:Antiprotozoal Agents; D000998:Antiviral Agents
keywords: HIV; Hepatitis B; Hepatitis C; Parvovirus; Rubella; TORCH; Toxoplasmosis; Treponema pallidum