title: Associations between children's intelligence and academic achievement: the role of sleep.
abstract: Sleep problems (long wake episodes, low sleep efficiency) were examined as moderators of the relation between children's intelligence and academic achievement. The sample was comprised of 280 children (55% boys; 63% European Americans, 37% African Americans; mean age = 10.40 years, SD = 0.65). Sleep was assessed during seven consecutive nights of actigraphy. Children's performance on standardized tests of intelligence (Brief Intellectual Ability index of the Woodcock-Johnson III) and academic achievement (Alabama Reading and Math Test) were obtained. Age, sex, ethnicity, income-to-needs ratio, single parent status, standardized body mass index, chronic illness and pubertal development were controlled in analyses. Higher intelligence was strongly associated with higher academic achievement across a wide range of sleep quality. However, the association between intelligence and academic achievement was slightly attenuated among children with more long wake episodes or lower sleep efficiency compared with children with higher-quality sleep.
authors: Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA.
authors: Stephen A
authors: SA
authors: Erath
authors: Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA.
authors: Kelly M
authors: KM
authors: Tu
authors: Department of Special Education, Rehabilitation and Counseling, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA.
authors: Joseph A
authors: JA
authors: Buckhalt
authors: Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA.
authors: Mona
authors: M
authors: El-Sheikh
mesh_terms: D056044:Actigraphy; D001741:Black or African American / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002648:Child; D002657:Child Development; D004522:Educational Status; D005006:Ethnicity / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007182:Income / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D007360:Intelligence / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D012890:Sleep / Q000502:physiology*; D044465:White People / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data
keywords: actigraphy; cognitive functioning; moderation