title: Face validity of a Wii U video game for training basic laparoscopic skills.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although the positive effects of playing video games on basic laparoscopic skills have been studied for several years, no games are actually used in surgical training. This article discusses the face validity of the first video game and custom-made hardware, which takes advantage of these effects.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants were recruited at the Chirurgendagen 2013 and the Society of American Gastrointestinal and Endoscopic Surgeons 2014 annual meeting. In total, 72 laparoscopic surgeons completed a demo of the game and filled in a questionnaire.
  
  
  RESULTS
  On a 1-to-10 scale, the mean score for hardware realism was 7.2 and the mean score for usefulness as a training tool was 8.4. Participants did not mind the fact that the workspace does not look like an abdominal cavity, but do have some trouble with the absence of tactile feedback.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We obtained face validity for both the hardware and the usefulness of Underground, a video game made for training basic laparoscopic skills.
authors: Department of Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands. Electronic address: maartenjalink@hotmail.com.
authors: Maarten B
authors: MB
authors: Jalink
authors: Wenckebach Institute, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors: Jetse
authors: J
authors: Goris
authors: Department of Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors: Erik
authors: E
authors: Heineman
authors: Post Graduate School of Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Surgery, Medical Center Leeuwarden, Leeuwarden, The Netherlands; Leeuwarden Institute for Minimal Invasive Surgery, Leeuwarden, The Netherlands.
authors: Jean-Pierre E N
authors: JP
authors: Pierie
authors: Department of Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; Post Graduate School of Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors: Henk O
authors: HO
authors: Ten Cate Hoedemaker
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002983:Clinical Competence; D003198:Computer Simulation; D003201:Computers; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000193:education*; D008297:Male; D017145:Models, Educational; D009426:Netherlands; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014481:United States; D014584:User-Computer Interface; D018910:Video Games
keywords: Education; Laparoscopy; Validation; Video games