title: Increase in virulence of Sporothrix brasiliensis over five years in a patient with chronic disseminated sporotrichosis.
abstract: The metropolitan region of Rio de Janeiro is hyperendemic for cat-associated sporotrichosis. This study aimed to assess the virulence of serial Sporothrix isolates from a 61-year-old male patient with chronic, destructive disseminated sporotrichosis. Five Sporothrix isolates were cultured from skin exudates and bone samples over a 5-year period, and all were molecularly identified as Sporothrix brasiliensis. The final isolate was significantly more virulent in Galleria mellonella larvae compared to earlier isolates. We conclude that S. brasiliensis has the capacity to increase in virulence in vivo. This finding is significant to clinicians caring for individuals with S. brasiliensis disease and it suggests that further studies are needed to identify the mechanisms underlying pathogenicity enhancement during chronic disease.
authors: a Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas ; Fiocruz ; Rio de Janeiro , Brazil.
authors: Dayvison F S
authors: DF
authors: Freitas
authors: Suelen S
authors: SS
authors: Santos
authors: Rodrigo
authors: R
authors: Almeida-Paes
authors: Manoel M E
authors: MM
authors: de Oliveira
authors: Antonio C F
authors: AC
authors: do Valle
authors: Maria Clara
authors: MC
authors: Gutierrez-Galhardo
authors: Rosely M
authors: RM
authors: Zancopé-Oliveira
authors: Joshua D
authors: JD
authors: Nosanchuk
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001938:Brazil; D002908:Chronic Disease; D016172:DNA Fingerprinting; D006801:Humans; D007814:Larva / Q000382:microbiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009036:Moths / Q000382:microbiology; D010802:Phylogeny; D013175:Sporothrix / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D013174:Sporotrichosis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000382:microbiology*; D013997:Time Factors; D014774:Virulence / Q000235:genetics
keywords: Brazil; Galleria mellonella; Rio de Janeiro; Sporothrix brasiliensis; T3B PCR; Virulence; chitin synthase; disseminated; reactive nitrogen intermediates; sporotrichosis