title: The effects of Aminophylline on clinical recovery and bispectral index in patients anesthetized with total intravenous anaesthesia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Aminophylline, which is clinically used as a bronchodilator, antagonizes the action of adenosine, so it can be used to shorten the recovery time after general anesthesia. Therefore, we wanted to test the hypothesis that the administration of aminophylline leads to an increase in bispectral index (BIS) and clinical recovery in patients anesthetized with total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA). Methods : Ninety two patients who were scheduled for elective inguinal herniorrhaphy were enrolled in this study. All patients were premedicated with midazolam and morphine. Anesthesia was induced with propofol 2.5 mg /kg and remifentanil 2.5 µg/kg without muscle relaxant. For maintenance of anesthesia we used propofol 100µg/kg/min, remifentanil 0.2µg/kg/min and 100% oxygen with stable BIS readings in the range 40-60. After skin closure, aminophylline 4mg/ kg was given to Group A and an equivalent volume of normal saline to Group P. BIS values, heart rate, blood pressure, oxygen saturation and End tidal CO2(ETco2) were determined. Time to eye opening, extubation time and response to command were measured. Results : There were no significant differences in SpO2, ETco2 and anesthesia time. Heart rate and systolic blood pressure were found to be statistically higher (p<0.001) in Group A. Time to eye opening, hand grip and extubation were significantly shorter (p<0.001) in Group A. Bispectral index scores were significantly higher in group A.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Injection of aminophylline at emergence time led to significant increase in BIS and shortening recovery time from anesthesia.
authors: Sina Ghaffaripour, Associate Professor, Shiraz Anesthesiology and Critical Care Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
authors: Sina
authors: S
authors: Ghaffaripour
authors: Mohammad Bagher Khosravi, Associate Professor, Shiraz Anesthesiology and Critical Care Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
authors: Mohammad Bagher
authors: MB
authors: Khosravi
authors: Ashkan Rahimi, Anesthesiologist, Shiraz Anesthesiology and Critical Care Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
authors: Ashkan
authors: A
authors: Rahimi
authors: Mohammad Ali Sahmedini, Associate Professor, Shiraz Anesthesiology and Critical Care Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
authors: Mohammad Ali
authors: MA
authors: Sahmedini
authors: Abdolhamid Chohedri, Associate Professor, Shiraz Anesthesiology and Critical Care Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
authors: Abdolhamid
authors: A
authors: Chohedri
authors: Hilda Mahmoudi, Community Medicine and Public Health Specialist. Shiraz Anesthesiology and Critical Care Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
authors: Hilda
authors: H
authors: Mahmoudi
authors: Mohammad Reza Kazemi, Anesthesiologist, Shiraz Anesthesiology and Critical Care Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
authors: Mohammad Reza
authors: MR
authors: Kazemi
keywords: Aminophylline; Bispectral index; Recovery; TIVA