title: 6-gingerol protects against nutritional steatohepatitis by regulating key genes related to inflammation and lipid metabolism.
abstract: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, including non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), appears to be increasingly common worldwide. The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of 6-gingerol ((S)-5-hydroxy-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-3-decanone), a bioactive ingredient of plants belonging to the Zingiberaceae family, on experimental models of NASH. In HepG2 cells, 6-gingerol (100 μmol/L) treatment inhibited free fatty acids mixture (0.33 mmol/L palmitate and 0.66 mmol/L oleate)-induced triglyceride and inflammatory marker accumulations. Male C57BL/6 mice were fed with a methionine and choline-deficient (MCD) diet to induce steatohepatitis. After four weeks of MCD diet feeding, the mice were dosed orally with 6-gingerol (25, 50 or 100 mg/kg/day) once daily for another four weeks. 6-Gingerol (100 mg/kg/day) attenuated liver steatosis and necro-inflammation in MCD diet-fed mice. The expressions of inflammatory cytokine genes, including those for monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin-6, and nuclear transcription factor (NF-κB), which were increased in the livers of MCD diet-fed mice, were attenuated by 6-gingerol. 6-Gingerol possesses a repressive property on hepatic steatosis, which is associated with induction of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α. Our study demonstrated the protective role of 6-gingerol in ameliorating nutritional steatohepatitis. The effect was mediated through regulating key genes related to lipid metabolism and inflammation.
authors: Department of Pharmacy & Graduate Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Tajen University, Yanpu Township, 90741 Pingtung County, Taiwan. d850084@yahoo.com.tw.
authors: Thing-Fong
authors: TF
authors: Tzeng
authors: Department of Pharmacy & Graduate Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Tajen University, Yanpu Township, 90741 Pingtung County, Taiwan. ssliou@tajen.edu.tw.
authors: Shorong-Shii
authors: SS
authors: Liou
authors: Department of Pharmacy & Graduate Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Tajen University, Yanpu Township, 90741 Pingtung County, Taiwan. 7419417@yahoo.com.tw.
authors: Chia Ju
authors: CJ
authors: Chang
authors: Department of Pharmacy & Graduate Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Tajen University, Yanpu Township, 90741 Pingtung County, Taiwan. iml@tajen.edu.tw.
authors: I-Min
authors: IM
authors: Liu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002396:Catechols / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018932:Chemokine CCL2 / Q000235:genetics; D002796:Choline Deficiency; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005233:Fatty Alcohols / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005234:Fatty Liver / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000235:genetics; D007249:Inflammation / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000178:diet therapy*; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000235:genetics; D050356:Lipid Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics; D008297:Male; D008715:Methionine / Q000009:adverse effects; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000235:genetics; D065626:Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D002396:Catechols; D018932:Chemokine CCL2; D005233:Fatty Alcohols; D015850:Interleukin-6; D016328:NF-kappa B; D010936:Plant Extracts; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C007845:gingerol; D008715:Methionine