title: Magnitude-dependent proliferation and contractility modulation of human bladder smooth muscle cells under physiological stretch.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to describe and test a kind of stretch pattern which is based on modified BOSE BioDynamic system to produce optimum physiological stretch during bladder cycle. Moreover, we aimed to emphasize the effects of physiological stretch's amplitude upon proliferation and contractility of human bladder smooth muscle cells (HBSMCs).
  
  
  METHODS
  HBSMCs were seeded onto silicone membrane and subjected to stretch simulating bladder cycle at the range of stretches and time according to customized software on modified BOSE BioDynamic bioreactor. Morphological changes were assessed using immunofluorescence and confocal laser scanning microscope. Cell proliferation and cell viability were determined by BrdU incorporation assay and Cell Counting Kit-8, respectively. Contractility of the cells was determined using collagen gel contraction assay. RT-PCR was used to assess phenotypic and contractility markers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  HBSMCs were found to show morphologically spindle-shaped and orientation at various elongations in the modified bioreactor. Stretch-induced proliferation and viability depended on the magnitude of stretch, and stretches also regulate contractility and contraction markers in a magnitude-dependent manner.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We described and tested a kind of stretch pattern which delivers physiological stretch implemented during bladder cycle. The findings also showed that mechanical stretch can promote magnitude-dependent morphological, proliferative and contractile modulation of HBSMCs in vitro.
authors: Department of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
authors: De-Yi
authors: DY
authors: Luo
authors: Department of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
authors: Romel
authors: R
authors: Wazir
authors: Department of Urologic Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.|Immunity and Infection Research Centre, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
authors: Caigan
authors: C
authors: Du
authors: Department of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
authors: Ye
authors: Y
authors: Tian
authors: Department of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
authors: Xuan
authors: X
authors: Yue
authors: Department of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
authors: Tang-Qiang
authors: TQ
authors: Wei
authors: Department of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China. wangkj@scu.edu.cn.
authors: Kun-Jie
authors: KJ
authors: Wang
mesh_terms: D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D006801:Humans; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000502:physiology*; D009130:Muscle, Smooth / Q000502:physiology*; D032389:Myocytes, Smooth Muscle / Q000166:cytology*; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000166:cytology* / Q000502:physiology
keywords: Bladder smooth muscle cell; Contractility; Proliferation; Stretch