title: Impact of glucose load in an oral glucose tolerance test on urinary albumin excretion varies with 2-h glucose levels.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of the present study was to investigate whether an oral glucose load can induce an increase in urinary albumin excretion (UAE).
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and thirty subjects without macroalbuminuria or increased fasting serum glucose (≥7.0 mmol/L) were included in the study. At 0600 hours, subjects were asked to empty their bladder and drink 300 mL water. At 0800 hours, venous blood and 2-h urine were collected for fasting examination. Subjects were then asked to drink 300 mL solution containing 75 g glucose and, at 1000 hours, samples were collected again for post-challenge examination. Concentrations of serum glucose, urinary glucose, albumin, N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase and retinol-binding protein were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Based on the results of the oral glucose tolerance test, subjects were divided into three groups: (i) normal glucose tolerance (NGT; n = 55); (ii) impaired glucose tolerance (IGT; n = 39); and (iii) newly diagnosed diabetes mellitus (NDM; n = 36). In the NDM group, post-challenge urinary excretion of glucose and albumin was 14- and 1.6-fold greater than fasting values, respectively. In the IGT and NGT groups, although post-challenge urinary glucose excretion was 2.6- and 1.6-fold greater than fasting values, UAE did not increase. There was a positive correlation between post-challenge serum glucose and the UAE rate (UAER; r = 0.24, P < 0.01) and the UAER increment (ΔUAER; r = 0.19, P < 0.05), as well as between the serum glucose increment and post-challenge UAER (r = 0.23, P < 0.01) and ΔUAER (r = 0.18, P < 0.05). Post-challenge serum glucose levels were independently correlated with logarithmically converted post-challenge UAER (β = 0.322, P = 0.008).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Oral glucose load can induce a significant increase in UAE in NDM subjects. The main mechanism may be glomerular hyperfiltration.
authors: Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.
authors: Sisi
authors: S
authors: Chen
authors: Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.
authors: Kui
authors: K
authors: Hong
authors: Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.
authors: Fang
authors: F
authors: Zou
authors: Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.
authors: Qiang
authors: Q
authors: Peng
authors: Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.
authors: Weitong
authors: W
authors: Hu
authors: Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.
authors: Juxiang
authors: J
authors: Li
authors: Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.
authors: Xiaoyang
authors: X
authors: Lai
authors: Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.
authors: Xiaoshu
authors: X
authors: Cheng
authors: Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.
authors: Hai
authors: H
authors: Su
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000419:Albuminuria / Q000652:urine*; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D005215:Fasting / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D005260:Female; D005947:Glucose / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000378:metabolism; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D012044:Regression Analysis; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D005947:Glucose
keywords: N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase; oral glucose tolerance test; retinol-binding protein; urinary albumin; 口服葡萄糖耐量测试; 尿N-乙酰-β-D-氨基葡萄糖苷酶; 尿蛋白; 视黄醇结合蛋白