title: Effects of hemostatic agents on shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to determine the effects of blood contamination and hemostatic agents on shear bond strength (SBS) of brackets and bond failure.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study material consisted of 57 freshly extracted human premolar and randomly divided into four groups: Group I, control group (n0 = 14); Group II, contamination with blood (n = 13); Group III, contamination with epinephrine ( n = 14); and Group IV, contamination with Ankaferd blood stopper (ABS) ( n = 16). After the bracket bonding procedure, all bonded teeth thermal cycled in deionized water at 5 ± 2°C to 55 ± 2°C for 500 cycles. SBS was applied using a universal test machine.
  
  
  RESULTS
  According to Kruskal-Wallis test significant differences were found among the groups P < 0.05. Furthermore, significant differences were recorded between groups with Mann-Whitney U statistical test with Bonferroni correction (P = 0.0083).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Examples contaminated with blood showed a statistically significant lower in vitro SBS than those contaminated with epinephrine, ABS, and control groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In impacted tooth surgical operations, blood contamination poses a substantial risk of bond failure in bonding attachments applications to the impacted teeth. Epinephrine and ABS may be used on surgical exposed impacted teeth operation for the prevention of blood contamination.
authors: Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey.
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Oksayan
authors: O
authors: O
authors: Sökücü
authors: N E
authors: NE
authors: Isman
authors: K M
authors: KM
authors: Kayali
authors: M A
authors: MA
authors: Cebe
mesh_terms: D001769:Blood; D001840:Dental Bonding; D019232:Dental Restoration Failure; D003799:Dental Stress Analysis; D004837:Epinephrine / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006490:Hemostatics / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D016910:Orthodontic Brackets; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000009:adverse effects*; D033081:Shear Strength
chemical_list: D006490:Hemostatics; D010936:Plant Extracts; C539751:ankaferd blood stopper; D004837:Epinephrine