title: Obesity, fat distribution, and risk of frailty in two population-based cohorts of older adults in Spain.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate for the first time the longitudinal relationship between abdominal obesity and the onset of frailty.
  
  
  METHODS
  Study based on results from two population-based cohorts, the Seniors-ENRICA, with 1801 individuals aged ≥60, and the Toledo Study for Healthy Ageing (TSHA), with 1289 participants ≥65 years. Incident frailty was assessed with the Fried criteria.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During 3.5 years of follow-up, 125 individuals with incident frailty in Seniors-ENRICA and 162 in TSHA were identified. After adjustment for the main confounders, the pooled odds ratio (pooled OR) for general obesity and risk of frailty was 1.73 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.18-2.28). Abdominal obesity was also associated with frailty (pooled OR: 1.67; 95% CI: 1.09-2.25). Compared with individuals with BMI <25 kg/m(2) and no abdominal obesity, the risk of frailty was highest among individuals with concurrent general and abdominal obesity (pooled OR: 2.55; 95% CI: 1.23-3.86). General obesity was associated with increased risk of exhaustion (pooled OR: 1.66; 95% CI: 1.11-2.21), low physical activity (pooled OR: 1.57; 95% CI: 1.08-2.05), and weakness (pooled OR: 1.63; 95% CI: 1.12-2.05). For abdominal obesity, results were in the same direction, although they showed statistical significance only for weakness (OR: 1.46; 95% CI: 1.11-1.80).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  General and abdominal obesity are associated with incident frailty in the elderly.
authors: Departamento de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid/IdiPaz, and Ciber of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.
authors: Esther
authors: E
authors: García-Esquinas
authors: Francisco
authors: F
authors: José García-García
authors: Luz M
authors: LM
authors: León-Muñoz
authors: José Antonio
authors: JA
authors: Carnicero
authors: Pilar
authors: P
authors: Guallar-Castillón
authors: Magali
authors: M
authors: Gonzalez-Colaço Harmand
authors: Esther
authors: E
authors: López-García
authors: Cristina
authors: C
authors: Alonso-Bouzón
authors: Leocadio
authors: L
authors: Rodríguez-Mañas
authors: Fernando
authors: F
authors: Rodríguez-Artalejo
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015992:Body Mass Index; D015897:Comorbidity; D005221:Fatigue / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D016330:Frail Elderly / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D015577:Geriatric Assessment / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology*; D056128:Obesity, Abdominal / Q000453:epidemiology; D016017:Odds Ratio; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000379:methods; D012307:Risk Factors; D013030:Spain / Q000453:epidemiology