title: Formation and abundance of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine in RNA.
abstract: RNA methylation is emerging as a regulatory RNA modification that could have important roles in the control and coordination of gene transcription and protein translation. Herein, we describe an in vivo isotope-tracing methodology to demonstrate that the ribonucleoside 5-methylcytidine (m(5)C) is subject to oxidative processing in mammals, forming 5-hydroxymethylcytidine (hm(5)C) and 5-formylcytidine (f(5)C). Furthermore, we have identified hm(5)C in total RNA from all three domains of life and in polyA-enriched RNA fractions from mammalian cells. This suggests m(5)C oxidation is a conserved process that could have critical regulatory functions inside cells.
authors: University of Cambridge, Department of Chemistry, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW (UK).
authors: Sabrina M
authors: SM
authors: Huber
authors: Pieter
authors: P
authors: van Delft
authors: Lee
authors: L
authors: Mendil
authors: Martin
authors: M
authors: Bachman
authors: Katherine
authors: K
authors: Smollett
authors: Finn
authors: F
authors: Werner
authors: Eric A
authors: EA
authors: Miska
authors: Shankar
authors: S
authors: Balasubramanian
mesh_terms: D044503:5-Methylcytosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D000818:Animals; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D003596:Cytosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D015394:Molecular Structure; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D012313:RNA / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism*; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry
chemical_list: C011865:5-hydroxymethylcytosine; D012313:RNA; D044503:5-Methylcytosine; D003596:Cytosine
keywords: 5-hydroxymethylcytosine; 5-methylcytosine; LC-MS/MS; RNA modifications; isotope tracing