title: Annexin-V/quantum dot probes for multimodal apoptosis monitoring in living cells: improving bioanalysis using electrochemistry.
abstract: There is a great demand to develop novel techniques that allow useful and complete monitoring of apoptosis, which is a key factor of several diseases and a target for drug development. Here, we present the use of a novel dual electrochemical/optical label for the detection and study of apoptosis. We combined the specificity of Annexin-V for phosphatidylserine, a phospholipid expressed in the outer membrane of apoptotic cells, with the optical and electrochemical properties of quantum dots to create a more efficient label. Using this conjugate we addressed three important issues: (i) we made the labeling of apoptotic cells faster (30 min) and easier; (ii) we fully characterized the samples by common cell biological techniques (confocal laser scanning microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and flow cytometry); and (iii) we developed a fast, cheap and quantitative electrochemical detection method for apoptotic cells with results in full agreement with those obtained by flow cytometry.
authors: Departament de Biologia Cel·lular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus UAB-Facultat de Biociències, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain. carme.nogues@uab.cat.
authors: Helena
authors: H
authors: Montón
authors: Claudio
authors: C
authors: Parolo
authors: Antonio
authors: A
authors: Aranda-Ramos
authors: Arben
authors: A
authors: Merkoçi
authors: Carme
authors: C
authors: Nogués
mesh_terms: D017304:Annexin A5 / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D002460:Cell Line; D004121:Dimethyl Sulfoxide / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity; D055664:Electrochemical Techniques; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006801:Humans; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D010718:Phosphatidylserines / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D011485:Protein Binding; D045663:Quantum Dots / Q000737:chemistry*; D013499:Surface Properties
chemical_list: D017304:Annexin A5; D010718:Phosphatidylserines; D004121:Dimethyl Sulfoxide