title: Tubeimoside-1 induces glioma apoptosis through regulation of Bax/Bcl-2 and the ROS/Cytochrome C/Caspase-3 pathway.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Tubeimoside-1 (TBMS1) is a natural compound isolated from tubeimoside, which has been widely used as a traditional Chinese herbal medicine. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the anti-tumor effect and the underling mechanism of TBMS1 on glioma cancer cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  The MTT assay was performed to evaluate the effect of TBMS1 on glioma cell proliferation. The fluorescent microscopy and flow cytometry analysis were performed to evaluate the effect of TBMS1 on glioma cell apoptosis. The Western blot analysis was used to evaluate the protein change.
  
  
  RESULTS
  TBMS1 inhibited glioma cancer cell proliferation in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Fluorescent microscopy and flow cytometry analysis demonstrated that TBMS1 induced glioma cell apoptosis in a concentration-dependent manner. Western blotting showed that TBMS1 induced apoptosis by increasing the expression of Bax and downregulating the level of Bcl-2. Furthermore, we found that TBMS1 induced apoptosis by increasing the concentration of reactive oxygen species through the release of Cytochrome C and activation of Caspase-3.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings indicate that TBMS1 may be developed as a possible therapeutic agent for the management of glioma.
authors: Department of Neurosurgery, Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
authors: Geng
authors: G
authors: Jia
authors: Modern Medical Research Center, Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
authors: Qiang
authors: Q
authors: Wang
authors: Modern Medical Research Center, Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
authors: Rong
authors: R
authors: Wang
authors: Modern Medical Research Center, Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
authors: Danni
authors: D
authors: Deng
authors: Modern Medical Research Center, Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
authors: Lian
authors: L
authors: Xue
authors: Department of Neurosurgery, Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
authors: Naiyuan
authors: N
authors: Shao
authors: Department of Neurosurgery, Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
authors: Yi
authors: Y
authors: Zhang
authors: Department of Neurosurgery, Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
authors: Xiwei
authors: X
authors: Xia
authors: Modern Medical Research Center, Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
authors: Feng
authors: F
authors: Zhi
authors: Department of Neurosurgery, Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China ; Modern Medical Research Center, Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
authors: Yilin
authors: Y
authors: Yang
keywords: Tubeimoside-1; apoptosis; glioma; proliferation