title: Virus characterization and discovery in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues.
abstract: Detection and characterization of novel viruses is hampered frequently by the lack of properly stored materials. Especially for the retrospective identification of viruses responsible for past disease outbreaks, often only formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue samples are available. Although FFPE tissues can be used to detect known viral sequences, the application of FFPE tissues for detection of novel viruses is currently unclear. In the present study it was shown that sequence-independent amplification in combination with next-generation sequencing can be used to detect sequences of known and unknown viruses, although with relatively low sensitivity. These findings indicate that this technique could be useful for detecting novel viral sequences in FFPE tissues collected from humans and animals with disease of unknown origin, when other samples are not available. In addition, application of this method to FFPE tissues allows to correlate with the presence of histopathological changes in the corresponding tissue sections.
authors: Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Dr. Molewaterplein 50, 3015GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Electronic address: r.bodewes@erasmusmc.nl.
authors: Rogier
authors: R
authors: Bodewes
authors: Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Dr. Molewaterplein 50, 3015GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors: Peter R W A
authors: PR
authors: van Run
authors: Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Dr. Molewaterplein 50, 3015GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors: Anita C
authors: AC
authors: Schürch
authors: Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Dr. Molewaterplein 50, 3015GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors: Marion P G
authors: MP
authors: Koopmans
authors: Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Dr. Molewaterplein 50, 3015GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany; Artemis One Health, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Viroclinics Biosciences BV, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors: Albert D M E
authors: AD
authors: Osterhaus
authors: Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany.
authors: Wolfgang
authors: W
authors: Baumgärtner
authors: Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Dr. Molewaterplein 50, 3015GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors: Thijs
authors: T
authors: Kuiken
authors: Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Dr. Molewaterplein 50, 3015GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Viroclinics Biosciences BV, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors: Saskia L
authors: SL
authors: Smits
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D046091:Charadriiformes; D005289:Ferrets; D059014:High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing / Q000379:methods; D056186:Metagenomics / Q000379:methods*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D021141:Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques / Q000379:methods; D057089:Pathology, Molecular / Q000379:methods*; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D016610:Tissue Embedding; D016707:Tissue Fixation; D014780:Viruses / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*
keywords: Formalin; Histopathology; Metagenomics; Virus discovery