title: L-Arginine attenuates the ethylene glycol induced urolithiasis in ininephrectomized hypertensive rats: role of KIM-1, NGAL, and NOs.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Ethylene glycol (EG) exposure caused formation of calcium oxalate crystal that led to renal failure, which is associated with higher prevalence of hypertension. L-Arginine is known to have an antioxidant and nephro-protective potential.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effect of L-arginine against EG-induced urolithiasis in uninephrectomized hypertensive rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Uninephrectomized male Wistar rats (180-200 g) were used to induce urinary calculi through oral administration of EG (0.75%) in distilled water. Rats were treated with either distilled water (10 mg/kg, p.o.) or telmisartan (10 mg/kg, p.o.) or Cystone (500 mg/kg, p.o.) or L-arginine (250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg, p.o.) for 28 days. Various hemodynamic, biochemical, molecular, and histological parameters were assessed in kidney and heart.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Rats treated with L-arginine (500 and 1000 mg/kg) significantly restored altered relative organ weight, urine output, urine density, urinary pH, and water intake. EG-induced alterations in electrocardiographic (QRS interval, HR, and ST height) and hemodynamic (SBP, DBP, MABP, and LVEDP) abnormalities were significantly restored by L-arginine (500 and 1000 mg/kg) treatment. It also significantly restored alteration in serum and urine biochemical parameters induced by EG. The elevated oxido-nitrosative stress was also significantly decreased by L-arginine (500 and 1000 mg/kg) treatment. It also significantly down-regulated EG-induced up-regulated renal KIM-1, NGAL, eNOS, and iNOs mRNA expressions. Histological aberrations induced in the renal and cardiac tissues were also ameliorated by l-arginine treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  L-Arginine exerts its nephro- and cardio-protective potential in EG-induced urolithiasis in uninephrectomized hypertensive rats via modulation of KIM-1, NGAL, eNOS, and iNOs mRNA expression.
authors: Department of Pharmacology, Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University , Pune, Maharashtra , India.
authors: Amit D
authors: AD
authors: Kandhare
authors: Mithun V K
authors: MV
authors: Patil
authors: Subhash L
authors: SL
authors: Bodhankar
mesh_terms: D000209:Acute-Phase Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D001120:Arginine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules / Q000502:physiology; D019855:Ethylene Glycol / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000071068:Lipocalin-2; D054834:Lipocalins / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III / Q000502:physiology; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D051381:Rats; D011918:Rats, Inbred SHR; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D052878:Urolithiasis / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D000209:Acute-Phase Proteins; D001120:Arginine; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; D019855:Ethylene Glycol; D000071068:Lipocalin-2; D054834:Lipocalins; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; C110936:Havcr1 protein, rat; C097278:Lcn2 protein, rat; C496316:Nos3 protein, rat
keywords: Ethylene glycol; KIM-1; NGAL; eNOs; iNOs; l-arginine; uninephrectomy; urolithiasis