title: Lifestyle-factors in adolescence as predictors of number of musculoskeletal pain sites in adulthood: a 17-year follow-up study of a birth cohort.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Musculoskeletal (MS) pain, especially in multiple body sites, may develop into a disabling problem. Still, the long-term risk factors of MS pain are insufficiently known. We examined whether adverse health behaviors in adolescence are associated with the number of pain sites in adulthood.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study population was a subgroup (n = 5,737) of the 1966 Northern Finland Birth Cohort, which had answered a postal questionnaire on health behaviors at the age of 14 and a pain questionnaire at approximately 31 years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Adverse health behaviors in adolescence, such as occasional smoking (odds ratio (OR) 1.6; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.0-2.6) and overweight/obesity (1.7; 1.0-2.8) among males, and daily smoking (1.9; 1.0-3.5) and regular use of alcohol (2.2; 1.0-4.8) among females predicted pain in three or more body regions at the age of 31. Physical inactivity (1.6; 1.1-2.5) and moderate physical activity (1.7; 1.1-2.6) were risk factors for two pain sites among females. In addition, the ORs for pain in three or more body regions were high, but the CIs were broad for daily smoking among males and overweight/obesity among females (1.7; 0.8-3.5 and 1.4; 0.8-2.2, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  As adverse health behaviors in adolescence were moderately associated with multisite MS pains in adulthood, the effectiveness of intervening in adverse health behaviors in adolescence as regards later MS pain should be analyzed.
authors: Centre for Life-Course Epidemiology, and Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
authors: Antti
authors: A
authors: Puroila
authors: Centre for Life-Course Epidemiology, and Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
authors: Markus
authors: M
authors: Paananen
authors: Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Finland.
authors: Simo
authors: S
authors: Taimela
authors: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC Health Protection Agency (HPA) Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK.|Institute of Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.|Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.|Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland.|Department of Children and Young People and Families, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Oulu, Finland.
authors: Marjo-Riitta
authors: MR
authors: Järvelin
authors: Centre for Life-Course Epidemiology, and Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.|Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Health and Work Ability, and Disability Prevention Centre, Oulu, Finland.
authors: Jaro
authors: J
authors: Karppinen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D005387:Finland / Q000453:epidemiology; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D015438:Health Behavior; D006801:Humans; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000502:physiology; D059352:Musculoskeletal Pain / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D009765:Obesity / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000453:epidemiology
keywords: Birth Cohort; Epidemiology; Follow-Up; Health Behaviors; Musculoskeletal Pain