title: Toward the definition of a peptidome signature and protease profile in chronic periodontitis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Chronic periodontitis (CP) is a complex immuno-inflammatory disease that results from preestablished gingivitis. We investigated potential differences in salivary peptidome in health and CP.
  
  
  METHODS
  Saliva was collected from nine CP patients and ten healthy subjects, from which five CP and five healthy were enriched following endoProteoFASP approach, separated and identified by nanoHPLC-MALDI-TOF/TOF. Protease prediction was carried out in silico with Proteasix. Parallel gelatin and collagen (I) zymographies were performed to study proteolytic activity in CP.
  
  
  RESULTS
  An association of CP with increased gelatinolytic and collagenolytic activity was observed, which is mainly attributed to metalloproteases, remarkably MMP9. Protease prediction revealed distinct protease profiles in CP and in health. Peptidomic data corroborated the inflammatory status, and demonstrated that intact histatin 1 may play an important role in the defense response against oral pathogens. The application of the endoProteoFASP approach to study the salivary peptidome of CP subjects resulted in the identification of eight surrogate peptide markers, which may be used in multiplex to identify CP. These peptides belong to acidic PRP and to P-B peptide. Particularly, P-B peptide fragments exhibited domains with potential predicted antimicrobial activity, corroborating an antimicrobial function.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The comparison between the salivary peptidome obtained by control and CP samples showed a specific association of eight peptides to CP, with remarkable predicted antimicrobial activity, which should be further validated in studies with large number of subjects.
authors: QOPNA, Mass spectrometry center, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.
authors: Fábio
authors: F
authors: Trindade
authors: QOPNA, Mass spectrometry center, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.
authors: Francisco
authors: F
authors: Amado
authors: QOPNA, Mass spectrometry center, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.|CICECO, Department of Chemistry, Aveiro Institute of Nanotechnology, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.
authors: Rui P
authors: RP
authors: Oliveira-Silva
authors: CICECO, Department of Chemistry, Aveiro Institute of Nanotechnology, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.
authors: Ana L
authors: AL
authors: Daniel-da-Silva
authors: QOPNA, Mass spectrometry center, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.
authors: Rita
authors: R
authors: Ferreira
authors: Mosaiques-Diagnostics GmbH, Hannover, Germany.
authors: Julie
authors: J
authors: Klein
authors: Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
authors: Ricardo
authors: R
authors: Faria-Almeida
authors: Laboratory for Bone Metabolism and Regeneration-Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.|MedInUP-Center for Drug Discovery and Innovative Medicines, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
authors: Pedro S
authors: PS
authors: Gomes
authors: QOPNA, Mass spectrometry center, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.|iBiMED, Institute for Research in Biomedicine, University of Aveiro, Portugal.
authors: Rui
authors: R
authors: Vitorino
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D055113:Chronic Periodontitis / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010447:Peptide Hydrolases / Q000378:metabolism*; D020543:Proteome / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D020543:Proteome; D010447:Peptide Hydrolases
keywords: Biomarkers; Chronic periodontitis; Degradomics; Peptidomics; Saliva