title: Variable torque prescription: state of art.
abstract: The variable prescription is widely described under the clinical aspect: the clinics is the result of the evolution of the state-of-the-art, aspect that is less considered in the daily literature. The state-of-the-art is the key to understand not only how we reach where we are but also to learn how to manage propely the torque, focusing on the technical and biomechanical purpos-es that led to the change of the torque values over time. The aim of this study is to update the clinicians on the aspects that affect the torque under the biomechanical sight, helping them to understand how to managing it, following the "timeline changes" in the different techniques so that the Variable Prescription Orthodontic (VPO) would be a suitable tool in every clinical case.
authors: Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, Dental Clinic, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio 67100, L'Aquila, Italy.
authors: Mariano
authors: M
authors: Lacarbonara
authors: Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, Dental Clinic, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio 67100, L'Aquila, Italy.
authors: Ettore
authors: E
authors: Accivile
authors: Department of Odontostomatological Sciences, Dental Clinic, University "Sapienza" of Rome, Via Caserta 6, 00100, Rome, Italy.
authors: Maria R
authors: MR
authors: Abed
authors: Department of Odontostomatological Sciences, Dental Clinic, University "Sapienza" of Rome, Via Caserta 6, 00100, Rome, Italy.
authors: Dinoi M
authors: DM
authors: Teresa
authors: Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, Dental Clinic, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio 67100, L'Aquila, Italy.
authors: Annalisa
authors: A
authors: Monaco
authors: Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, Dental Clinic, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio 67100, L'Aquila, Italy.
authors: Giuseppe
authors: G
authors: Marzo
authors: Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, Dental Clinic, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio 67100, L'Aquila, Italy.
authors: Mario
authors: M
authors: Capogreco
keywords: Active-passive; low friction; self-ligating brackets (SLB); torque expression; variable prescription orthodontic (VPO).