title: Neurotoxic effects of nickel chloride in the rainbow trout brain: Assessment of c-Fos activity, antioxidant responses, acetylcholinesterase activity, and histopathological changes.
abstract: The aim of this study was to determine the biochemical, immunohistochemical, and histopathological effects of nickel chloride (Ni) in the rainbow trout brain. Fish were exposed to Ni concentrations (1 mg/L and 2 mg/L) for 21 days. At the end of the experimental period, brain tissues were taken from all fish for c-Fos activity and histopathological examination and determination of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) enzyme activities, lipid peroxidation (LPO), and glutathione (GSH) levels. Our results showed that Ni treatment caused a significant increase in the brain SOD activity and in LPO and GSH levels (p < 0.05), but it significantly decreased AChE and CAT enzyme activities (p < 0.05). Strong induction in c-Fos was observed in some cerebral and cerebellar regions of fish exposed to Ni concentrations when compared with the control group. However, c-Fos activity was decreased in necrotic Purkinje cells. Brain tissues were characterized by demyelination and necrotic changes. These results suggested that Ni treatment causes oxidative stress, changes in c-Fos activity, and histopathological damage in the fish brain.
authors: Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Fisheries, Ataturk University, 25240, Erzurum, Turkey, drahmettopal@hotmail.com.
authors: Ahmet
authors: A
authors: Topal
authors: Muhammed
authors: M
authors: Atamanalp
authors: Ertan
authors: E
authors: Oruç
authors: Mesut Bünyami
authors: MB
authors: Halıcı
authors: Melda
authors: M
authors: Şişecioğlu
authors: Hüseyin Serkan
authors: HS
authors: Erol
authors: Arzu
authors: A
authors: Gergit
authors: Bahar
authors: B
authors: Yılmaz
mesh_terms: D000110:Acetylcholinesterase / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D007150:Immunohistochemistry / Q000662:veterinary; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000502:physiology; D009498:Neurotoxins / Q000633:toxicity*; D009532:Nickel / Q000633:toxicity*; D017686:Oncorhynchus mykiss / Q000378:metabolism*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D016760:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos / Q000378:metabolism; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D009498:Neurotoxins; D016760:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos; C022838:nickel chloride; D009532:Nickel; D002374:Catalase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D000110:Acetylcholinesterase; D005978:Glutathione