title: Wounding induces local resistance but systemic susceptibility to Botrytis cinerea in pepper plants.
abstract: Cotyledon wounding in pepper caused the early generation of hydrogen peroxide both locally (cotyledons) and systemically (upper true leaves). However, 72 h later there is a different wound response between local and systemic organs, as shown by resistance to the pathogenic fungus Botrytis cinerea, that increased locally and decreased systemically. Signaling by ethylene and jasmonic acid was assessed by using two inhibitors: 1-methylcyclopropene (MCP, inhibitor of ethylene receptors) and ibuprofen (inhibitor of jasmonate biosynthesis). MCP did not affect the modulation of resistance levels to Botrytis by wounding, ruling out the involvement of ethylene signaling. Ibuprofen did not inhibit wound-induced resistance at the local level, but inhibited wound-induced systemic susceptibility. Moreover, changes of biochemical and structural defenses in response to wounding were studied. Peroxidase activity and the expression of a peroxidase gene (CAPO1) increased locally as a response to wounding, but no changes were observed systemically. Lignin deposition was induced in wounded cotyledons, but was repressed in systemic leaves of wounded plants, whereas soluble phenolics did not change locally and decreased systemically. The expression of two other genes involved in plant defense (CABPR1 and CASC1) was also differentially regulated locally and systemically, pointing to a generalized increase in plant defenses at the local level and a systemic decrease as a response to wounding. Wound-induced defenses at the local level coincided with resistance to the necrotroph fungus B. cinerea, whereas depleted defenses in systemic leaves of wounded plants correlated to induced susceptibility against this pathogen. It may be that the local response acts as a sink of energy resources to mount a defense against pathogens, whereas in systemic organs the resources for defense are lower.
authors: Grupo de Investigación de Fisioloxía das plantas, Departamento de Bioloxía Animal, Bioloxía Vexetal e Ecoloxía, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, Campus de A Coruña, 15071 A Coruña, Spain.
authors: Tania
authors: T
authors: García
authors: Grupo de Investigación de Fisioloxía das plantas, Departamento de Bioloxía Animal, Bioloxía Vexetal e Ecoloxía, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, Campus de A Coruña, 15071 A Coruña, Spain.
authors: Jorge
authors: J
authors: Gutiérrez
authors: Grupo de Investigación de Fisioloxía das plantas, Departamento de Bioloxía Animal, Bioloxía Vexetal e Ecoloxía, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, Campus de A Coruña, 15071 A Coruña, Spain.
authors: Javier
authors: J
authors: Veloso
authors: Grupo de Investigación de Fisioloxía das plantas, Departamento de Bioloxía Animal, Bioloxía Vexetal e Ecoloxía, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, Campus de A Coruña, 15071 A Coruña, Spain.
authors: Raquel
authors: R
authors: Gago-Fuentes
authors: Grupo de Investigación de Fisioloxía das plantas, Departamento de Bioloxía Animal, Bioloxía Vexetal e Ecoloxía, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, Campus de A Coruña, 15071 A Coruña, Spain. Electronic address: josefv@udc.es.
authors: José
authors: J
authors: Díaz
mesh_terms: D020171:Botrytis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D002212:Capsicum / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology*; D002688:Chitinases / Q000378:metabolism; D018548:Cotyledon / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D003517:Cyclopentanes / Q000378:metabolism; D003521:Cyclopropanes / Q000494:pharmacology; D060467:Disease Resistance / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology*; D004198:Disease Susceptibility; D005030:Ethylenes / Q000378:metabolism; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant / Q000187:drug effects; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000378:metabolism; D007052:Ibuprofen / Q000494:pharmacology; D008031:Lignin / Q000378:metabolism; D054883:Oxylipins / Q000378:metabolism; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D010636:Phenols / Q000378:metabolism; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology*; D012995:Solubility
chemical_list: D003517:Cyclopentanes; D003521:Cyclopropanes; D005030:Ethylenes; D054883:Oxylipins; D010636:Phenols; C011006:jasmonic acid; D008031:Lignin; C036216:ethylene; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D009195:Peroxidase; D002688:Chitinases; C412563:1-methylcyclopropene; D007052:Ibuprofen
keywords: Botrytis cinerea; Capsicum annuum; Jasmonic acid; Lignin; Wounding