title: Increased cardiac output elicits higher V̇O2max in response to self-paced exercise.
abstract: Recently, a self-paced protocol demonstrated higher maximal oxygen uptake versus the traditional ramp protocol. The primary aim of the current study was to further explore potential differences in maximal oxygen uptake between the ramp and self-paced protocols using simultaneous measurement of cardiac output. Active men and women of various fitness levels (N = 30, mean age = 26.0 ± 5.0 years) completed 3 graded exercise tests separated by a minimum of 48 h. Participants initially completed progressive ramp exercise to exhaustion to determine maximal oxygen uptake followed by a verification test to confirm maximal oxygen uptake attainment. Over the next 2 sessions, they performed a self-paced and an additional ramp protocol. During exercise, gas exchange data were obtained using indirect calorimetry, and thoracic impedance was utilized to estimate hemodynamic function (stroke volume and cardiac output). One-way ANOVA with repeated measures was used to determine differences in maximal oxygen uptake and cardiac output between ramp and self-paced testing. Results demonstrated lower (p < 0.001) maximal oxygen uptake via the ramp (47.2 ± 10.2 mL·kg(-1)·min(-1)) versus the self-paced (50.2 ± 9.6 mL·kg(-1)·min(-1)) protocol, with no interaction (p = 0.06) seen for fitness level. Maximal heart rate and cardiac output (p = 0.02) were higher in the self-paced protocol versus ramp exercise. In conclusion, data show that the traditional ramp protocol may underestimate maximal oxygen uptake compared with a newly developed self-paced protocol, with a greater cardiac output potentially responsible for this outcome.
authors: Department of Kinesiology, California State University San Marcos, San Marcos, CA 92096-0001, USA.
authors: Todd Anthony
authors: TA
authors: Astorino
authors: David William
authors: DW
authors: McMillan
authors: Ross Montgomery
authors: RM
authors: Edmunds
authors: Eduardo
authors: E
authors: Sanchez
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002302:Cardiac Output / Q000502:physiology*; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005080:Exercise Test; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010101:Oxygen Consumption; D011998:Recreation; D013177:Sports; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: RPE; V̇O2max limitations; consommation d’oxygène maximale; cycle ergometer; cycloergomètre; limitations du V̇O2max; maximal oxygen uptake; stroke volume; volume d’éjection systolique