title: Cylindrospermopsin induces neurotoxicity in tilapia fish (Oreochromis niloticus) exposed to Aphanizomenon ovalisporum.
abstract: Cylindrospermopsin (CYN) is a cytotoxic cyanotoxin produced by several species of freshwater cyanobacteria, such as Aphanizomenon ovalisporum. CYN is a tricyclic alkaloid known for its ability to inhibit both protein and glutathione synthesis, and the alteration of different oxidative stress biomarkers in mammals and vertebrates. Although the liver and kidney appear to be the main CYN targets for this toxin, it also affects other organs. In fish, there is no evidence about the neurotoxicity of CYN yet. In the present study, we aimed to study the potential neurotoxicity of CYN, based on the measure of Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, lipid peroxidation (LPO) levels and histopathological studies in brain of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) subchronically exposed to repeated concentrations of 10μg CYN/L by immersion in an A.ovalisporum culture for 14 days. The results showed significant inhibition of AChE activity and increases in LPO levels, as well as relevant histopathological alterations in the brain of fish (O. niloticus) subchronically exposed to the toxin. Moreover, we also investigated the potential recovery of these parameters by subjecting the fish to two depuration periods (3 and 7 days) in clean uncontaminated water, showing a recovery of the biochemical parameters since 3 days of depuration, and being necessary 7 days to recover the histopathological changes. In order to support these results, CYN was detected and quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in brain of all the exposed fish and the effects of the depuration periods were also observed. Based on these results, it was demonstrated for the first time the neurotoxicity of CYN and its presence in brain of tilapia fish subchronically exposed to CYN.
authors: Area of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sevilla, C/Profesor García González 2, 41012 Sevilla, Spain. Electronic address: rguzman1@us.es.
authors: Remedios
authors: R
authors: Guzmán-Guillén
authors: Area of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sevilla, C/Profesor García González 2, 41012 Sevilla, Spain.
authors: Inmaculada Lomares
authors: IL
authors: Manzano
authors: Area of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sevilla, C/Profesor García González 2, 41012 Sevilla, Spain.
authors: Isabel M
authors: IM
authors: Moreno
authors: Area of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sevilla, C/Profesor García González 2, 41012 Sevilla, Spain.
authors: Ana I Prieto
authors: AI
authors: Ortega
authors: Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Legal and Forensic Medicine, University of Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales Carretera Madrid-Cádiz s/n, 14071 Córdoba, Spain.
authors: Rosario
authors: R
authors: Moyano
authors: Department of Anatomy and Comparative Pathology and Anatomy, University of Córdoba. Campus de Rabanales Carretera Madrid- Cádiz s/n, 14071 Córdoba, Spain.
authors: Alfonso
authors: A
authors: Blanco
authors: Area of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sevilla, C/Profesor García González 2, 41012 Sevilla, Spain.
authors: Ana M
authors: AM
authors: Cameán
mesh_terms: D000110:Acetylcholinesterase / Q000378:metabolism; D000470:Alkaloids; D000818:Animals; D046890:Aphanizomenon / Q000737:chemistry / Q000502:physiology*; D001427:Bacterial Toxins; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects*; D023681:Cichlids / Q000502:physiology*; D000087522:Cyanobacteria Toxins; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D014498:Uracil / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000633:toxicity; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D000470:Alkaloids; D001427:Bacterial Toxins; D015415:Biomarkers; D000087522:Cyanobacteria Toxins; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C089595:cylindrospermopsin; D014498:Uracil; D000110:Acetylcholinesterase
keywords: Acetylcholinesterase; Brain; Cylindrospermopsin; Histopathology; LPO; Tilapia