title: The physicochemical/biological properties of porous tantalum and the potential surface modification techniques to improve its clinical application in dental implantology.
abstract: More rapid restoration and more rigid functionality have been pursued for decades in the field of dental implantology. Under such motivation, porous tantalum has been recently introduced to design a novel type of dental implant. Porous tantalum bears interconnected porous structure with pore size ranging from 300 to 600μm and a porosity of 75-85%. Its elastic modulus (1.3-10GPa) more closely approximates that of natural cortical (12-18GPa) and cancellous bone (0.1-0.5GPa) in comparison with the most commonly used dental materials, such as titanium and titanium alloy (106-115GPa). Porous tantalum is highly corrosion-resistant and biocompatible. It can significantly enhance the proliferation and differentiation of primary osteoblasts derived from elderly people than titanium. Porous tantalum can allow bone ingrowth and establish not only osseointegration but also osseoincorporation, which will significantly enhance the secondary stability of implants in bone tissue. In this review, we summarize the physicochemical, mechanical and biological properties of porous tantalum. We further discuss the performance of current tantalum dental implants and present the methodologies of surface modifications in order to improve their biological performance.
authors: State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
authors: Yindong
authors: Y
authors: Liu
authors: State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China. Electronic address: cybao9933@scu.edu.cn.
authors: Chongyun
authors: C
authors: Bao
authors: Department of Oral Implantology and Prosthetic Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, VU University Amsterdam and University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors: Daniel
authors: D
authors: Wismeijer
authors: Department of Oral Implantology and Prosthetic Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, VU University Amsterdam and University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Electronic address: g.wu@acta.nl.
authors: Gang
authors: G
authors: Wu
mesh_terms: D000497:Alloys / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D015921:Dental Implants; D003764:Dental Materials / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D016348:Osseointegration / Q000187:drug effects; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000187:drug effects; D016062:Porosity; D013635:Tantalum / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000497:Alloys; D015921:Dental Implants; D003764:Dental Materials; D013635:Tantalum; D014025:Titanium
keywords: Biological performance; Dental implant; Osseoincorporation; Porous tantalum; Surface modification