title: Indices of adiposity as predictors of cardiometabolic risk and inflammation in young adults.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Studies investigating obesity and cardiometabolic risk have focused on 'at-risk' populations and methodological inconsistencies have produced equivocal findings. The present cross-sectional study investigated indices of body composition as predictors of cardiometabolic risk and their relationship with inflammation in apparently healthy young adults.
  
  
  METHODS
  A fasting blood sample was taken from consenting adults (160 males, 32 females, aged 18-40 years) for assessment of cardiometabolic risk markers (blood pressure, lipid profiles and insulin resistance) and inflammatory markers (C-reactive protein, tumour necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, interleukin-10 and adiponectin). Together with anthropometry, fat mass (FM) and fat-free mass (FFM) were determined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. FM was expressed in absolute terms (kg), as well as relative to total body weight (%), height [FM index (FMI, kg m(-2) )] and FFM (FM : FFM,%).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Although anthropometric indices were associated with most cardiometabolic risk markers, the strongest relationship was observed with FMI. Relative to having a low cardiometabolic risk (≤2 markers above clinically relevant cut-offs), each kg m(-2) increase in FMI, increased the likelihood of having an increased cardiometabolic risk by 29% (odds ratio = 1.29; 95% confidence interval = 1.12-1.49). Inflammatory markers were not associated with body composition or cardiometabolic risk.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  FMI was the strongest predictor of overall cardiometabolic risk but not inflammation per se. However, anthropometric indices, such as body mass index and waist-to-height ratio, remain valuable surrogate measures of adiposity in this group, particularly when risk markers are considered independently.
authors: Northern Ireland Centre for Food and Health, University of Ulster, Coleraine, UK.
authors: L K
authors: LK
authors: Pourshahidi
authors: Northern Ireland Centre for Food and Health, University of Ulster, Coleraine, UK.
authors: J M W
authors: JM
authors: Wallace
authors: Northern Ireland Centre for Food and Health, University of Ulster, Coleraine, UK.
authors: M S
authors: MS
authors: Mulhern
authors: Northern Ireland Centre for Food and Health, University of Ulster, Coleraine, UK.
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Horigan
authors: Northern Ireland Centre for Food and Health, University of Ulster, Coleraine, UK.
authors: J J
authors: JJ
authors: Strain
authors: Northern Ireland Centre for Food and Health, University of Ulster, Coleraine, UK.
authors: E M
authors: EM
authors: McSorley
authors: Northern Ireland Centre for Food and Health, University of Ulster, Coleraine, UK.
authors: P J
authors: PJ
authors: Magee
authors: Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Monash University, Monash, VIC, Australia.
authors: M P
authors: MP
authors: Bonham
authors: Northern Ireland Centre for Food and Health, University of Ulster, Coleraine, UK.
authors: M B E
authors: MB
authors: Livingstone
mesh_terms: D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon; D052242:Adiponectin / Q000097:blood; D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000378:metabolism; D050154:Adiposity; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood*; D001794:Blood Pressure; D001823:Body Composition; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001835:Body Weight; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood*; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood*; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000097:blood; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000097:blood*; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood*; D012307:Risk Factors; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D052242:Adiponectin; D015415:Biomarkers; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D007328:Insulin; D015850:Interleukin-6; D014280:Triglycerides; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D016753:Interleukin-10; D002097:C-Reactive Protein
keywords: body composition; cardiometabolic risk; fat mass index; inflammation