title: Patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) nude mouse model of soft-tissue sarcoma more closely mimics the patient behavior in contrast to the subcutaneous ectopic model.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Soft-tissue sarcomas are a group of rare mesenchymal carcinomas that include approximately 50 histological types, and account for 1% of all adult cancer cases. The yearly incidence of soft-tissue sarcomas in the USA is approximately 11,280 cases, with an overall mortality of 3,900 deaths per year.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this study, we established a patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) from a patient with a soft-tissue sarcoma of the retroperitoneum in nude mice and compared it to a subcutaneous patient-derived model of the same tumor for histology.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the PDOX model, a bulky tumor grew in the left retroperitoneum in the same manner as the patient's tumor. Upon histological examination, the majority of the PDOX tissue section comprised sarcomatous high-grade spindle cells of varying sizes, similar to the original patient tumor. In contrast, the majority of the subcutaneously-implanted tumor comprised round to oval cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results indicate that the PDOX recapitulated the histology of the original tumor more than the subcutaneous model.
authors: AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, U.S.A. Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, U.S.A. Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan.
authors: Yukihiko
authors: Y
authors: Hiroshima
authors: AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, U.S.A.
authors: Yong
authors: Y
authors: Zhang
authors: AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, U.S.A.
authors: Nan
authors: N
authors: Zhang
authors: AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, U.S.A. Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, U.S.A.
authors: Fuminari
authors: F
authors: Uehara
authors: Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, U.S.A.
authors: Ali
authors: A
authors: Maawy
authors: AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, U.S.A. Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, U.S.A.
authors: Takashi
authors: T
authors: Murakami
authors: AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, U.S.A. Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, U.S.A.
authors: Sumiyuki
authors: S
authors: Mii
authors: AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, U.S.A. Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, U.S.A.
authors: Mako
authors: M
authors: Yamamoto
authors: AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, U.S.A. Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, U.S.A.
authors: Shinji
authors: S
authors: Miwa
authors: AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, U.S.A. Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, U.S.A.
authors: Shuya
authors: S
authors: Yano
authors: Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan.
authors: Masashi
authors: M
authors: Momiyama
authors: Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan.
authors: Ryutaro
authors: R
authors: Mori
authors: Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan.
authors: Ryusei
authors: R
authors: Matsuyama
authors: Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan.
authors: Takashi
authors: T
authors: Chishima
authors: Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan.
authors: Kuniya
authors: K
authors: Tanaka
authors: Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan.
authors: Yasushi
authors: Y
authors: Ichikawa
authors: Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, U.S.A.
authors: Michael
authors: M
authors: Bouvet
authors: Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan.
authors: Itaru
authors: I
authors: Endo
authors: AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, U.S.A. Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, U.S.A. all@anticancer.com.
authors: Robert M
authors: RM
authors: Hoffman
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D064593:Heterografts; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D012509:Sarcoma / Q000473:pathology*
keywords: Soft-tissue sarcoma; histology; nude mouse; patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX); spindle cells; subcutaneous model