title: How unprecedented a solar minimum was it?
abstract: The end of the last solar cycle was at least 3 years late, and to date, the new solar cycle has seen mainly weaker activity since the onset of the rising phase toward the new solar maximum. The newspapers now even report when auroras are seen in Norway. This paper is an update of our review paper written during the deepest part of the last solar minimum [1]. We update the records of solar activity and its consequent effects on the interplanetary fields and solar wind density. The arrival of solar minimum allows us to use two techniques that predict sunspot maximum from readings obtained at solar minimum. It is clear that the Sun is still behaving strangely compared to the last few solar minima even though we are well beyond the minimum phase of the cycle 23-24 transition.
authors: Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1567, USA.
authors: C T
authors: CT
authors: Russell
authors: Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1567, USA.
authors: L K
authors: LK
authors: Jian
authors: Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-7450, USA.
authors: J G
authors: JG
authors: Luhmann
keywords: Solar magnetic field; Solar minimum; Solar wind; Sunspots