title: The anti-canine distemper virus activities of ex vivo-expanded canine natural killer cells.
abstract: Natural killer (NK) cells play critical roles in induction of antiviral effects against various viruses of humans and animals. However, few data on NK cell activities during canine distemper virus (CDV) infections are available. Recently, we established a culture system allowing activation and expansion of canine non-B, non-T, large granular NK lymphocytes from PBMCs of normal dogs. In the present study, we explored the ability of such expanded NK cells to inhibit CDV infection in vitro. Cultured CD3-CD5-CD21- NK cells produced large amounts of IFN-γ, exhibited highly upregulated expression of mRNAs encoding NK-cell-associated receptors, and demonstrated strong natural killing activity against canine tumor cells. Although the expanded NK cells were dose-dependently cytotoxic to both normal and CDV-infected Vero cells, CDV infection rendered Vero cells more susceptible to NK cells. Pretreatment with anti-CDV serum from hyperimmunized dogs enhanced the antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) of NK cells against CDV-infected Vero cells. The culture supernatants of NK cells, added before or after infection, dose-dependently inhibited both CDV replication and development of CDV-induced cytopathic effects (CPEs) in Vero cells. Anti-IFN-γ antibody neutralized the inhibitory effects of NK cell culture supernatants on CDV replication and CPE induction in Vero cells. Such results emphasize the potential significance of NK cells in controlling CDV infection, and indicate that NK cells may play roles both during CDV infection and in combating such infections, under certain conditions.
authors: Department of Companion & Laboratory Animal Science, Kongju National University, Yesan, Chungnam 340-702, Republic of Korea.
authors: Ji-Yun
authors: JY
authors: Park
authors: Department of Companion & Laboratory Animal Science, Kongju National University, Yesan, Chungnam 340-702, Republic of Korea; Research Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Jeollanamdo 519-809, Republic of Korea.
authors: Dong-Jun
authors: DJ
authors: Shin
authors: Department of Companion & Laboratory Animal Science, Kongju National University, Yesan, Chungnam 340-702, Republic of Korea; Research Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Jeollanamdo 519-809, Republic of Korea.
authors: Soo-Hyeon
authors: SH
authors: Lee
authors: Research Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Jeollanamdo 519-809, Republic of Korea.
authors: Je-Jung
authors: JJ
authors: Lee
authors: Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.
authors: Guk-Hyun
authors: GH
authors: Suh
authors: Research Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Jeollanamdo 519-809, Republic of Korea; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.
authors: Duck
authors: D
authors: Cho
authors: Department of Companion & Laboratory Animal Science, Kongju National University, Yesan, Chungnam 340-702, Republic of Korea; Research Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Jeollanamdo 519-809, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: sangki@kongju.ac.kr.
authors: Sang-Ki
authors: SK
authors: Kim
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D057134:Antibodies, Neutralizing / Q000097:blood; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000276:immunology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops; D004216:Distemper / Q000276:immunology*; D004217:Distemper Virus, Canine / Q000276:immunology*; D004285:Dogs; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D006801:Humans; D007136:Immunoglobulins / Q000097:blood; D007694:Killer Cells, Natural / Q000276:immunology*; D014709:Vero Cells
chemical_list: D057134:Antibodies, Neutralizing; D000998:Antiviral Agents; D007136:Immunoglobulins
keywords: Antiviral effects; Canine; Canine distemper virus; IFN-γ; NK cells