title: Emotional exhaustion in primary care during early implementation of the VA's medical home transformation: Patient-aligned Care Team (PACT).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Transformation of primary care to new patient-centered models requires major changes in healthcare organizations, including interprofessional expectations and organizational policies. Emotional exhaustion (EE) among workers can accompany major organizational change, threatening its success. Yet little guidance exists about the magnitude of associations with EE during primary care transformation. We assessed EE during the initial phase of national primary care transformation in the Veterans Health Administration.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional online surveys of primary care clinicians (PCCs) and staff in 23 primary care clinics within 5 healthcare systems in 1 veterans administration administrative region. We used descriptive, bivariate, and multivariable analyses adjusted for clinic membership and weighted for nonresponse.
  
  
  METHODS
  515 veterans administration employees (191 PCCs and 324 other primary care staff).
  
  
  METHODS
  Outcome is the EE subscale of the Maslach Burnout Inventory. Predictors include clinic characteristics (from administrative data) and self-reported efficacy for change, experiences with transformation, and perspectives about the organization.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The overall response rate was 64% (515/811). In total, 53% of PCCs and 43% of staff had high EE. PCCs (vs. other primary care staff), female (vs. male), and non-Latino (vs. Latino) respondents reported higher EE. Respondents reporting higher efficacy for change and participatory decision making had lower EE scores, adjusting for sex and race.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Recognition by healthcare organizations of the potential for clinician and staff EE during primary care transformation is critical. Methods for reducing EE by increasing clinician and staff change efficacy and opportunities to participate in decision making should be considered, with attention to PCCs, and women.
authors: *RAND Corporation, Santa Monica †VA HSR&D Center for the Study of Healthcare Implementation, Innovation, and Policy, Sepulveda ‡Pardee RAND Graduate School, Santa Monica §School of Health Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley ∥Department of Health Policy and Management, UCLA, Fielding School of Public Health ¶UCLA Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Los Angeles, CA.
authors: Lisa S
authors: LS
authors: Meredith
authors: Nicole
authors: N
authors: Schmidt Hackbarth
authors: Jill
authors: J
authors: Darling
authors: Hector P
authors: HP
authors: Rodriguez
authors: Susan E
authors: SE
authors: Stockdale
authors: Kristina M
authors: KM
authors: Cordasco
authors: Elizabeth M
authors: EM
authors: Yano
authors: Lisa V
authors: LV
authors: Rubenstein
mesh_terms: D003266:Continuity of Patient Care / Q000458:organization & administration*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006787:Hospitals, Veterans / Q000458:organization & administration*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010348:Patient Care Team / Q000458:organization & administration*; D018802:Patient-Centered Care / Q000458:organization & administration*; D011320:Primary Health Care / Q000458:organization & administration; D011787:Quality of Health Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D014493:United States Department of Veterans Affairs / Q000458:organization & administration