title: Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug and Aspirin Use in Relation to Lung Cancer Risk among Postmenopausal Women.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Results from prospective studies suggest that nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) may decrease lung cancer risk; however, any protective effect appears to be most evident in men.
  
  
  METHODS
  We evaluated the associations between NSAID use and lung cancer incidence in postmenopausal women in the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) adjusting for female-specific potential confounders such as hormone therapy in addition to smoking histories and other potential confounders. We identified 143,841 women from ages 50 to 79 and 1,902 centrally confirmed lung cancer cases were included in the analysis. We used Cox regression models to estimate HRs and their 95% confidence intervals (CI).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with nonuse, regular NSAID use was not associated with overall lung cancer incidence (NSAID use >10 years HR 0.87; 95% CI, 0.71-1.08, P(trend) = 0.13). No statistically significant associations were found when examined by histologic subtypes and although there was a trend of decreased risk with longer duration of NSAID use in the adenocarcinoma subtype, this was not statistically significant (NSAID use >10 years HR 0.80; 95% CI, 0.58-1.10; P(trend) = 0.07).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study did not show that NSAID use is associated with lung cancer risk in women even after adjusting for female-specific confounders. There was a trend of decreased risk in the adenocarcinoma subtype; however, this was not statistically significant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Future studies will need to take in account the various molecular subtypes of non-small cell lung cancer to further elucidate the role of NSAIDs in lung cancer, especially for the adenocarcinoma subtype.
authors: Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington. cbaik2@uw.edu.
authors: Christina S
authors: CS
authors: Baik
authors: The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio.
authors: Theodore M
authors: TM
authors: Brasky
authors: Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington.
authors: Mary
authors: M
authors: Pettinger
authors: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatictics, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana.
authors: Juhua
authors: J
authors: Luo
authors: Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York.
authors: Zhihong
authors: Z
authors: Gong
authors: University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York.
authors: Jean
authors: J
authors: Wactawski-Wende
authors: Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington.
authors: Ross L
authors: RL
authors: Prentice
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001241:Aspirin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D017698:Postmenopause; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D001241:Aspirin