title: Zinc ion implantation‑deposition technique improves the osteoblast biocompatibility of titanium surfaces.
abstract: The plasma immersion ion implantation and deposition (PIIID) technique was used to implant zinc (Zn) ions into smooth surfaces of pure titanium (Ti) disks for investigation of tooth implant surface modification. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the surface structure and chemical composition of a modified Ti surface following Zn ion implantation and deposition and to examine the effect of such modification on osteoblast biocompatibility. Using the PIIID technique, Zn ions were deposited onto the smooth surface of pure Ti disks. The physical structure and chemical composition of the modified surface layers were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X‑ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), respectively. In vitro culture assays using the MG‑63 bone cell line were performed to determine the effects of Zn‑modified Ti surfaces following PIIID on cellular function. Acridine orange staining was used to detect cell attachment to the surfaces and cell cycle analysis was performed using flow cytometry. SEM revealed a rough 'honeycomb' structure on the Zn‑modified Ti surfaces following PIIID processing and XPS data indicated that Zn and oxygen concentrations in the modified Ti surfaces increased with PIIID processing time. SEM also revealed significantly greater MG‑63 cell growth on Zn‑modified Ti surfaces than on pure Ti surfaces (P<0.05). Flow cytometric analysis revealed increasing percentages of MG‑63 cells in S phase with increasing Zn implantation and deposition, suggesting that MG‑63 apoptosis was inhibited and MG‑63 proliferation was promoted on Zn‑PIIID‑Ti surfaces. The present results suggest that modification with Zn‑PIIID may be used to improve the osteoblast biocompatibility of Ti implant surfaces.
authors: College of Stomatology, Hebei United University, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, P.R. China.
authors: Yongqiang
authors: Y
authors: Liang
authors: Department of Stomatology, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China.
authors: Juan
authors: J
authors: Xu
authors: College of Life Sciences, Hebei United University, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, P.R. China.
authors: Jing
authors: J
authors: Chen
authors: College of Stomatology, Hebei United University, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, P.R. China.
authors: Mengchun
authors: M
authors: Qi
authors: College of Stomatology, Hebei United University, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, P.R. China.
authors: Xuehong
authors: X
authors: Xie
authors: Department of Stomatology, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China.
authors: Min
authors: M
authors: Hu
mesh_terms: D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry*; D002453:Cell Cycle; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D015921:Dental Implants; D006801:Humans; D007477:Ions / Q000737:chemistry*; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000166:cytology*; D013499:Surface Properties; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry*; D015032:Zinc / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D015921:Dental Implants; D007477:Ions; D014025:Titanium; D015032:Zinc