title: CEASE: a guide for clinicians on how to stop resuscitation efforts.
abstract: Resuscitation programs such as Advanced Cardiac Life Support, Cardiac Life Support, Pediatric Advanced Life Support, and the Neonatal Resuscitation Program offer inadequate guidance to physicians who must ultimately decide when to stop resuscitation efforts. These decisions involve clinical and ethical judgments and are complicated by communication challenges, group dynamics, and family considerations. This article presents a framework, summarized in a mnemonic (CEASE: Clinical Features, Effectiveness, Ask, Stop, Explain), for how to stop resuscitation efforts and communicate that decision to clinicians and ultimately the patient's family. Rather than a decision rule, this mnemonic represents a framework based on best evidence for when physicians are considering stopping resuscitation efforts and provides guidance on how to communicate that decision.
authors: 1 Charles Warren Fairbanks Center for Medical Ethics, Indiana University Health, Indianapolis, Indiana.
authors: Alexia M
authors: AM
authors: Torke
authors: Patricia
authors: P
authors: Bledsoe
authors: Lucia D
authors: LD
authors: Wocial
authors: Gabriel T
authors: GT
authors: Bosslet
authors: Paul R
authors: PR
authors: Helft
mesh_terms: D003657:Decision Making; D004992:Ethics, Medical; D006801:Humans; D010344:Patient Advocacy; D010817:Physician-Patient Relations / Q000941:ethics*; D011379:Prognosis; D012151:Resuscitation / Q000941:ethics*; D028761:Withholding Treatment / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*
keywords: decision making; physician–patient relations; resuscitation