title: Elevated dairy fat intake in lactating women alters milk lipid and fatty acids without detectible changes in expression of genes related to lipid uptake or synthesis.
abstract: Previous work has demonstrated that elevated maternal lipid intake (particularly from dairy products) is associated with increased lipids and altered fatty acid profile in milk produced by healthy lactating women. To investigate our primary hypothesis that a maternal diet rich in full-fat dairy products would simultaneously increase milk lipid percent and expression of genes related to the uptake and/or de novo biosynthesis of milk lipids, we provided 15 lactating women with diets enriched in full-fat or nonfat dairy products for 14 days each in a randomized, crossover study with a 2-week washout period. Milk fat (%) was lower when women consumed the low-fat compared with the full-fat dairy diet (2.41% ± 0.31% vs 3.35% ± 0.28%, respectively; P < .05); concentrations of more than 20 fatty acids also differed. However, neither conservatively evaluated microarray data nor quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis uncovered any treatment effects on expression of genes related to lipid synthesis or uptake. These data suggest that alteration in gene expression in the lactating human mammary gland is likely not the primary mechanism by which consumption of a high-fat diet affects milk fat percent in healthy, lactating women.
authors: Department of Animal and Veterinary Science, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, USA; Institute for Bioinformatics and Evolutionary Studies (IBEST), University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, USA.
authors: Katherine M
authors: KM
authors: Yahvah
authors: Department of Animal and Veterinary Science, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, USA; Institute for Bioinformatics and Evolutionary Studies (IBEST), University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, USA.
authors: Sarah L
authors: SL
authors: Brooker
authors: Department of Animal and Veterinary Science, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, USA; Institute for Bioinformatics and Evolutionary Studies (IBEST), University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, USA; School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA.
authors: Janet E
authors: JE
authors: Williams
authors: Institute for Bioinformatics and Evolutionary Studies (IBEST), University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, USA.
authors: Matthew
authors: M
authors: Settles
authors: Department of Animal and Veterinary Science, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, USA; Institute for Bioinformatics and Evolutionary Studies (IBEST), University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, USA.
authors: Mark A
authors: MA
authors: McGuire
authors: School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA. Electronic address: smcguire@wsu.edu.
authors: Michelle K
authors: MK
authors: McGuire
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D018752:Diet, Fat-Restricted; D059305:Diet, High-Fat; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D007774:Lactation / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D050155:Lipogenesis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics; D042361:Mammary Glands, Human / Q000378:metabolism; D039382:Maternal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D046228:Microarray Analysis; D008895:Milk, Human / Q000378:metabolism*; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: D004041:Dietary Fats; D005227:Fatty Acids
keywords: Dairy fat; Gene expression; Human milk; Mammary gland