title: A prospective, longitudinal, multicenter, observational study to assess insulin treatment patterns in diabetic patients in Thailand: results from the TITAN Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess usage patterns, effectiveness, andsafety of newly prescribed insulin treatment in patients with diabetes in Thailand
  
  
  METHODS
  Type 1 or type 2 diabetes mellitus patients who failed achievement of HbA1c <7%, and were about to start or switch to a new insulin treatment were enrolled into this prospective, longitudinal, multicenter observational study. Data regarding insulin usage pattern, HbA1c, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), and hypoglycemia were collected at enrollment, three and six-month.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Between July 2008 and February 2010, 751 patients were recruited Mean (SD) age was 57.0 (12.8) years. Mean BMI was 26.1 (5.0) kg/m2. At enrollment, 269 (35.8%), 241 (32.1%), 206 (27.4%), and 35 (4.7%) patients were prescribed neutral protamine Hagedorn (NPH) insulin, long-acting insulin analogues (LAA), premixed insulin (Premixed), and insulin combinations, respectively. Significant HbA1c and FPG reductions were noted at six-month (-1.4% and -56.2 mg/dl, respectively, p<0.01). After stratifying patients into three subgroups according to insulin, the patients could continue throughout six months (588 patients, 211 NPH-group, 201 LAA-group, and 176 Premixed-group). Patients in LAA-group attained higher rate of achievement HbA1c <7% without any hypoglycemia (18.9%) than NPH-group (7.1%) and Premixed-group (6.3%; p<0. 001). Mild-to-moderate hypoglycemic events were reported at 638 events (1.9 events/patient-year) while severe hypoglycemia was reported at 10 events (3.0 event/l00 patient-year).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this observational study of real-life clinical practice in Thailand, most common newly prescribed insulin for patients having inadequate glycemic control was NPH, followed by LAA and premixed insulin. More patients on LAA achieved target HbA1c without hypoglycemic events than those on NPH and premixed insulin.
authors: Petch
authors: P
authors: Rawdaree
authors: Veerasak
authors: V
authors: Sarinnapakorn
authors: Somchai
authors: S
authors: Pattanaungkul
authors: Weerapan
authors: W
authors: Khovidhunkit
authors: Poj
authors: P
authors: Tannirandorn
authors: Thavatchai
authors: T
authors: Peerapatdit
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004363:Drug Utilization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D007003:Hypoglycemia / Q000097:blood; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D061385:Insulins / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013785:Thailand
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D061385:Insulins