title: A school-based sleep education program for adolescents: a cluster randomized trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effectiveness of a multilevel and multimodal school-based education program.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cluster randomized controlled trial with 14 secondary schools in Hong Kong and a total of 3713 students (intervention: 1545 vs control: 2168; 40.2% boys; mean age ± SD: 14.72 ± 1.53 years) were included in the final analysis. The intervention included a town hall seminar, small class workshops, a slogan competition, a brochure, and an educational Web site. Their parents and teachers were offered sleep education seminars. The control schools did not receive any sleep program. Data were collected before and 5 weeks after the intervention.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The students in the intervention group had significantly improved sleep knowledge compared with the control group (mean difference: 3.64 [95% confidence interval (CI): 3.21 to 4.07]; Cohen's d = 0.51) as measured by using a sleep knowledge questionnaire. Weekday sleep duration was reduced in both groups, and the significant difference in weekday sleep duration was lost in the intention-to-treat analysis (mean difference: 0:01 [95% CI: -0:00 to 0:04]). In addition, the intervention group had a lower incidence of consuming caffeine-containing energy drinks (adjusted odds ratio: 0.46 [95% CI: 0.22 to 0.99]) and had better behavioral (mean difference: -0.56 [95% CI: -1.02 to -0.10]; Cohen's d = 0.13) and mental health (mean difference: -0.30 [95% CI: -0.15 to -0.46]; Cohen's d = 0.11) outcomes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A school-based sleep education program was effective in enhancing sleep knowledge and improving behavioral and mental health, but it had no significant impact on sleep duration or pattern among adolescents.
authors: Departments of Psychiatry, ykwing@cuhk.edu.hk.
authors: Yun Kwok
authors: YK
authors: Wing
authors: Departments of Psychiatry.
authors: Ngan Yin
authors: NY
authors: Chan
authors: Departments of Psychiatry.
authors: Mandy Wai
authors: MW
authors: Man Yu
authors: Departments of Psychiatry.
authors: Siu Ping
authors: SP
authors: Lam
authors: Departments of Psychiatry.
authors: Jihui
authors: J
authors: Zhang
authors: Departments of Psychiatry.
authors: Shirley Xin
authors: SX
authors: Li
authors: Medicine and Therapeutics, and.
authors: Alice Pik Shan
authors: AP
authors: Kong
authors: Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China.
authors: Albert Martin
authors: AM
authors: Li
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006293:Health Promotion / Q000379:methods*; D006723:Hong Kong; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008603:Mental Health; D015397:Program Evaluation; D012572:School Health Services; D012890:Sleep; D012931:Social Environment; D013334:Students; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: behavior; clustered RCT; school-based sleep education; sleep knowledge; sleep practice