title: The continuance time of pressure effect in the rat model of complete Freund's adjuvant induced arthritis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We previously published on the pressure effect using a rheumatoid animal model (Pain Physician in 2013 and 2014). However, we do not know how long the pressure effect lasts after exposure to high pressure.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We evaluated the duration of the pressure effect in a day for a given study period.
  
  
  METHODS
  Laboratory animal study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Following injection of Complete Freund's Adjuvant (CFA) into one side of the knee joint, 8 rats were assigned to 1.5 atmospheres absolute (ATA) hyperbaric chamber 3 hours per day for one or 2 weeks (1WPG or 2WPG). Pain levels were assessed daily for 2 weeks according to weight bearing force (WBF) of the affected limb. In addition, the levels of gelatinase, MMP-2, and MMP-9 expression in synovial fluids of the knees were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The reduction of WBF was high at one day after injection and then increased spontaneously up to 2 weeks in 1WPG and 2WPG. The pressure effects lasted for a given day and did not exceed the pressure effects of the next day in all study periods. Improvement of WBF in 2WPG was significantly greater than that of 1WPG during 8-14 days. The gelatinase expression ratio was significantly reduced in 1WPG and 2WPG, and 2WPG showed the lowest gelatinase ratio at 2 weeks.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although enough samples were used for the study, more samples will be needed to raise the reliability.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The 3 hours of 1.5 ATA pressure effect lasted for more than a day. Longer pressure exposure time appears to yield a greater therapeutic effect in an RA animal model up to a given study period. Continuous application of high pressure might be beneficial for achievement of a better therapeutic effect in clinical application.
authors: Sung Tae
authors: ST
authors: Koo
authors: Yong Il
authors: YI
authors: Shin
authors: Da Young
authors: DY
authors: Lee
authors: Division of Meridian and Structural Medicine, Pusan National University School of Korean Medicine; Rehabilitation Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology.
authors: Chang-Hyung
authors: CH
authors: Lee
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001169:Arthritis, Experimental / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000628:therapy*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005620:Freund's Adjuvant / Q000633:toxicity*; D007719:Knee Joint / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D010146:Pain / Q000139:chemically induced; D059408:Pain Management / Q000379:methods*; D011312:Pressure; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D016474:Weight-Bearing / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D005620:Freund's Adjuvant