title: Urine metabolic fingerprinting using LC-MS and GC-MS reveals metabolite changes in prostate cancer: A pilot study.
abstract: Prostate cancer (CaP) is a leading cause of cancer deaths in men worldwide. The alarming statistics, the currently applied biomarkers are still not enough specific and selective. In addition, pathogenesis of CaP development is not totally understood. Therefore, in the present work, metabolomics study related to urinary metabolic fingerprinting analyses has been performed in order to scrutinize potential biomarkers that could help in explaining the pathomechanism of the disease and be potentially useful in its diagnosis and prognosis. Urine samples from CaP patients and healthy volunteers were analyzed with the use of high performance liquid chromatography coupled with time of flight mass spectrometry detection (HPLC-TOF/MS) in positive and negative polarity as well as gas chromatography hyphenated with triple quadruple mass spectrometry detection (GC-QqQ/MS) in a scan mode. The obtained data sets were statistically analyzed using univariate and multivariate statistical analyses. The Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was used to check systems' stability and possible outliers, whereas Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA) was performed for evaluation of quality of the model as well as its predictive ability using statistically significant metabolites. The subsequent identification of selected metabolites using NIST library and commonly available databases allows for creation of a list of putative biomarkers and related biochemical pathways they are involved in. The selected pathways, like urea and tricarboxylic acid cycle, amino acid and purine metabolism, can play crucial role in pathogenesis of prostate cancer disease.
authors: Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Gdańsk, Al. Gen. J. Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland.
authors: Wiktoria
authors: W
authors: Struck-Lewicka
authors: Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Gdańsk, Al. Gen. J. Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland.
authors: Marta
authors: M
authors: Kordalewska
authors: Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Gdańsk, Al. Gen. J. Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland.
authors: Renata
authors: R
authors: Bujak
authors: Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Gdańsk, Al. Gen. J. Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland.
authors: Arlette
authors: A
authors: Yumba Mpanga
authors: Department of Urology, Medical University of Gdańsk, ul. M. Smoluchowskiego 17, 80-214 Gdańsk, Poland.
authors: Marcin
authors: M
authors: Markuszewski
authors: Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Gdańsk, Al. Gen. J. Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland.
authors: Julia
authors: J
authors: Jacyna
authors: Department of Urology, Medical University of Gdańsk, ul. M. Smoluchowskiego 17, 80-214 Gdańsk, Poland.
authors: Marcin
authors: M
authors: Matuszewski
authors: Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Gdańsk, Al. Gen. J. Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland.
authors: Roman
authors: R
authors: Kaliszan
authors: Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Gdańsk, Al. Gen. J. Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland. Electronic address: markusz@gumed.edu.pl.
authors: Michał J
authors: MJ
authors: Markuszewski
mesh_terms: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000652:urine; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods; D016002:Discriminant Analysis; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D016018:Least-Squares Analysis; D008297:Male; D013058:Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods; D055432:Metabolomics / Q000379:methods; D008875:Middle Aged; D010865:Pilot Projects; D025341:Principal Component Analysis / Q000379:methods; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000652:urine*
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor
keywords: GC–MS; LC–MS; Potential biomarkers; Prostate cancer; Untargeted metabolomics