title: Dodecafluoropentane Emulsion (DDFPe) Decreases Stroke Size and Improves Neurological Scores in a Permanent Occlusion Rat Stroke Model.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Dodecafluoropentane emulsion (DDFPe), given IV one hour after stroke, has been shown to greatly reduce the percent stroke volume (%SV) in rabbits. With repeated doses its effect continued for 24 hours.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Test DDFPe as neuroprotective agent in permanent occlusion rat stroke models in Sprague Dawley (SD) and Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats (SHR) measuring both %SV and neurological assessment scores (NAS).
  
  
  METHODS
  The male rats received either saline (control), or one or four doses (1x or 4x) of DDFPe (0.6ml/kg IV) one hour post stroke. Treatment groups were SD (n=26) (control, 1x and 4x; n=12, 7 and 7) and SHR (n=14) (control, 1x and 4x; n=7, 3 and 4). The 4x doses were given at 1.5 hour intervals. At six hours post stroke, the rats received a NAS using standard tests for balance, reflexes, and motor performance. Then rats were euthanized and brains removed for TTC evaluation of %SV.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For %SV analysis strain differences were not significant therefore strains were combined. DDFPe significantly decreased %SV in 1x and 4xDDFPe groups compared to control groups (2.59±1.81 and 0.98±0.88 vs. 9.24±6.06, p≤0.001 each; p≤0.0001 for the overall test for treatment effect). The 1x versus 4xDDFPe groups were not significantly different (p=0.40). In NAS analysis both strains showed significant improvement with 4xDDFPe therapy vs. controls, (SD: 5.00+2.45 vs. 9.36+3.56, p=0.01; SHR: 7.75+4.43 vs. 12.14+3.08, p=0.05). Differences between the 1x DDFPe group and controls were not significant (SD: 8.43+3.69; SHR: 9. 33+3.51).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  DDFPe treatment provides significant neuroprotection when assessed six hours post stroke.
authors: Department of Radiology, UAMS, 4300 W. Markham St. Little Rock, AR, 72205 USA.
authors: A T
authors: AT
authors: Brown
authors: Department of Radiology, UAMS, 4300 W. Markham St. Little Rock, AR, 72205 USA.
authors: M C
authors: MC
authors: Arthur
authors: Department of Radiology, UAMS, 4300 W. Markham St. Little Rock, AR, 72205 USA.
authors: J S
authors: JS
authors: Nix
authors: Department of Radiology, UAMS, 4300 W. Markham St. Little Rock, AR, 72205 USA.
authors: J A
authors: JA
authors: Montgomery
authors: Department of Radiology, UAMS, 4300 W. Markham St. Little Rock, AR, 72205 USA.
authors: R D
authors: RD
authors: Skinner
authors: Department of Radiology, UAMS, 4300 W. Markham St. Little Rock, AR, 72205 USA.
authors: P K
authors: PK
authors: Roberson
authors: Department of Radiology, UAMS, 4300 W. Markham St. Little Rock, AR, 72205 USA.
authors: Michael
authors: M
authors: Borrelli
authors: Department of Radiology, UAMS, 4300 W. Markham St. Little Rock, AR, 72205 USA.
authors: W C
authors: WC
authors: Culp
keywords: Animal Model; Dodecafluoropentane Emulsion (DDFPe); Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion (MCAO); Neuroprotectants; Rat; Stroke.