title: Urine metabolomics in rats after administration of ketamine.
abstract: In this study, we developed a urine metabonomic method, based on gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), to evaluate the effect of ketamine on rats. Pattern recognition analysis, including both principal component analysis and partial least squares discriminate analysis revealed that ketamine (50 mg/kg) induced metabolic perturbations. Compared with the control group, at day 7, the level of alanine, butanoic acid, glutamine, butanedioic, trimethylsiloxy, L-aspartic acid, D-glucose, cholesterol, acetamide, and oleic acid of the ketamine group was increased, while the level of 2,3,4-trihydroxybutyric acid, benzeneacetic acid, threitol, ribitol, xylitol, and glycine decreased. At day 14, the level of alanine, ethanedioic acid, L-proline, glycerol, tetradecanoic acid, l-serine, l-phenylalanine, L-aspartic acid, d-glucose, cholesterol, heptadecanoic acid, and acetamide in rat urine of the ketamine group was increased, while the 2,3,4-trihydroxybutyric acid, benzeneacetic acid, d-ribose, threitol, ribitol, glycine, pyrazine, and oleic acid levels decreased. Our results indicate that metabonomic methods based on GC-MS may be useful to elucidate ketamine abuse, through the exploration of biomarkers.
authors: Laboratory Animal Centre, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China.
authors: Congcong
authors: C
authors: Wen
authors: Analytical and Testing Center, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China.
authors: Meiling
authors: M
authors: Zhang
authors: Analytical and Testing Center, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China.
authors: Jianshe
authors: J
authors: Ma
authors: First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China.
authors: Lufeng
authors: L
authors: Hu
authors: Analytical and Testing Center, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China.
authors: Xianqin
authors: X
authors: Wang
authors: First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China.
authors: Guanyang
authors: G
authors: Lin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000652:urine; D001711:Biotransformation; D018691:Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000652:urine*; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D007274:Injections, Intraperitoneal; D007649:Ketamine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000652:urine*; D016018:Least-Squares Analysis; D008297:Male; D055432:Metabolomics / Q000379:methods; D010363:Pattern Recognition, Automated; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D015813:Substance Abuse Detection / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D018691:Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; D007649:Ketamine
keywords: GC-MS; abuse; biomarker; metabolite