title: Relationship between Foetal Growth Restriction and Maternal Nutrition Status Measured by Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry, Leptin, and Insulin-Like Growth Factor.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to determine if maternal nutritional status, as defined by body composition, leptin, and insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I levels, relates to foetal growth.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this prospective study, mothers of foetuses with foetal growth restriction (FGR; cases; n = 46) and mothers of appropriate-for-gestational-age (AGA) foetuses (controls; n = 81) were consecutively recruited over a 14- month period. A maternal blood sample was obtained during the third trimester (between 32 and 34 weeks of gestation) for the assessment of IGF-I and leptin. Body composition was assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry within the first 15 days after delivery. The study used the SPSS-PC statistical package, version 19.0, and p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean serum IGF-I levels were lower in the cases than in the controls (p < 0.05), whereas leptin concentrations were higher in the cases after adjusting for age, body mass index and cigarette consumption (p < 0.05). Cases had less lean and fat tissue than controls (p < 0.05) but a relatively higher fat percentage.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The mothers of foetuses with FGR have a body composition pattern characterized by a slightly increased fraction of fat mass, lower IGF-I concentrations, and increased serum leptin levels. Optimization of maternal nutritional status should be considered, as the nutritional status may be involved in the pathogenesis of FGR.
authors: Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sant Joan de Déu University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain.
authors: Silvia
authors: S
authors: Ferrero
authors: Edurne
authors: E
authors: Mazarico
authors: Carme
authors: C
authors: Valls
authors: Silvana
authors: S
authors: Di Gregorio
authors: Rocío
authors: R
authors: Montejo
authors: Lourdes
authors: L
authors: Ibáñez
authors: M Dolores
authors: MD
authors: Gomez-Roig
mesh_terms: D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon; D000328:Adult; D001823:Body Composition; D005260:Female; D005317:Fetal Growth Retardation / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000032:analysis*; D020738:Leptin / Q000097:blood*; D039382:Maternal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena / Q000502:physiology*; D009752:Nutritional Status / Q000502:physiology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012907:Smoking
chemical_list: D020738:Leptin; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I