title: Vitamin D inhibits ovarian cancer cell line proliferation in combination with celecoxib and suppresses cyclooxygenase-2 expression.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Vitamin D exhibits multiple anti-proliferative and pro-differentiating actions. Prostaglandin-(PG)E2 is a tumor-promoting tissue hormone anabolized by cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Recently, a link between the PG and vitamin D metabolism was reported.
  
  
  METHODS
  The influence of calcitriol and celecoxib on the proliferation of ovarian cancer cell lines was measured and the impact of calcitriol on the protein and mRNA expression of COX-2 was quantified by western blot and qRT-PCR, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After COX-2 induction with interleukin (IL)-1β, 10 μM celecoxib did not significantly inhibit the proliferation of OVCAR-3 cells, whereas calcitriol showed such an effect; however, the combination of the two substances had an additive influence. After induction by IL-1β, calcitriol inhibited the COX-2 protein, as well as its mRNA expression significantly in OVCAR-3 and SKOV-3 cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data suggest a correlation between PG and vitamin D metabolism in their anti-tumorigenic activity in ovarian carcinomas.
authors: Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Agaplesion Markus Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
authors: Marc
authors: M
authors: Thill
authors: Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.
authors: Alena
authors: A
authors: Woeste
authors: Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.
authors: Kathrin
authors: K
authors: Reichert
authors: Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.
authors: Dorothea
authors: D
authors: Fischer
authors: Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.
authors: Achim
authors: A
authors: Rody
authors: Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Helios Hospital Krefeld, Krefeld, Germany.
authors: Michael
authors: M
authors: Friedrich
authors: Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany frank.koester@uksh.de.
authors: Frank
authors: F
authors: Köster
mesh_terms: D000068579:Celecoxib; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects*; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D011720:Pyrazoles / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D011720:Pyrazoles; D013449:Sulfonamides; D014807:Vitamin D; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D000068579:Celecoxib
keywords: Vitamin D; celecoxib; cyclooxygenase-2; ovarian cancer