title: Identification of cholesterol gallstone with two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We aimed to provide novel information to better understand the molecular mechanisms underlying gallstones formation and explore the potential protein markers for gallstones progression. The gallbladder tissues were collected from 20 patients with cholesterol gallstone and 10 liver transplant donors from November 2010 to April 2011. The proteomics were compared between gallstone patients and controls by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE). The differentially expressed proteins were identified and validated by western blotting and real-time PCR.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Total 19 protein spots were found to be different between two groups and 11 proteins were identified, among which 4 ones (such as Peroxiredoxin 3/Prdx3) were down-regulated and 7 (such as Tropomyosin 4/TPM4, Transgelin/SM22, Transthyretin/ TTR) were up-regulated in gallstone group. Results of western blotting and RT-PCR were consistent with the 2-DE results.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The differentially expressed proteins of TTR, TPM4, SM22 and Prdx3 may play key roles in gallstone formation and may be markers for gallstone progression.
authors: Department of General Surgery, South Campus, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 201112. China.
authors: Changlin
authors: C
authors: Qian
authors: Department of General Surgery, South Campus, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 201112. China.
authors: Zhiyong
authors: Z
authors: Shen
authors: Department of General Surgery, South Campus, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 201112. China.
authors: Jie
authors: J
authors: Zhang
authors: Department of General Surgery, South Campus, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 201112. China.
authors: Fu
authors: F
authors: Ji
authors: Department of General Surgery, South Campus, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 201112. China.
authors: Hua
authors: H
authors: Liu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D015153:Blotting, Western; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000378:metabolism*; D015180:Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional; D005260:Female; D042882:Gallstones / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008840:Microfilament Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D008875:Middle Aged; D009124:Muscle Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D061105:Peroxiredoxin III / Q000032:analysis; D011228:Prealbumin / Q000032:analysis; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011506:Proteins / Q000032:analysis* / Q000235:genetics; D040901:Proteomics / Q000379:methods*; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D019032:Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization; D014335:Tropomyosin / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D008840:Microfilament Proteins; D009124:Muscle Proteins; D011228:Prealbumin; D011506:Proteins; C501213:TPM4 protein, human; D014335:Tropomyosin; C051615:transgelin; D002784:Cholesterol; C516115:PRDX3 protein, human; D061105:Peroxiredoxin III