title: Pulsed electromagnetic fields promote osteoblast mineralization and maturation needing the existence of primary cilia.
abstract: Although pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMFs) have been approved as a therapy for osteoporosis, action mechanisms and optimal parameters are elusive. To determine the optimal intensity, exposure effects of 50 Hz PEMFs of 0.6-3.6 mT (0.6 interval at 90 min/day) were investigated on proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of cultured calvarial osteoblasts. All intensity groups stimulated proliferation significantly with the highest effect at 0.6 mT. The 0.6 mT group also obtained the optimal osteogenic effect as demonstrated by the highest ALP activity, ALP(+) CFU-f colony formation, nodule mineralization, and expression of COL-1 and BMP-2. To verify our hypothesis that the primary cilia are the cellular sensors for PEMFs, osteoblasts were also transfected with IFT88 siRNA or scrambled control, and osteogenesis-promoting effects of 0.6 mT PEMFs were found abrogated when primary cilia were inhibited by IFT88 siRNA. Thus primary cilia of osteoblasts play an indispensable role in mediating PEMF osteogenic effect in vitro.
authors: Institute of Orthopaedics,Lanzhou General Hospital, Lanzhou Command of CPLA, Lanzhou 730050, China.
authors: Juan-Li
authors: JL
authors: Yan
authors: Institute of Orthopaedics,Lanzhou General Hospital, Lanzhou Command of CPLA, Lanzhou 730050, China.
authors: Jian
authors: J
authors: Zhou
authors: Department of Pharmacy, Lanzhou General Hospital, Lanzhou Command of CPLA, Lanzhou 730050, China.
authors: Hui-Ping
authors: HP
authors: Ma
authors: Institute of Orthopaedics,Lanzhou General Hospital, Lanzhou Command of CPLA, Lanzhou 730050, China.
authors: Xiao-Ni
authors: XN
authors: Ma
authors: Institute of Orthopaedics,Lanzhou General Hospital, Lanzhou Command of CPLA, Lanzhou 730050, China.
authors: Yu-Hai
authors: YH
authors: Gao
authors: Institute of Orthopaedics,Lanzhou General Hospital, Lanzhou Command of CPLA, Lanzhou 730050, China.
authors: Wen-Gui
authors: WG
authors: Shi
authors: Institute of Orthopaedics,Lanzhou General Hospital, Lanzhou Command of CPLA, Lanzhou 730050, China.
authors: Qing-Qing
authors: QQ
authors: Fang
authors: Institute of Orthopaedics,Lanzhou General Hospital, Lanzhou Command of CPLA, Lanzhou 730050, China.
authors: Qian
authors: Q
authors: Ren
authors: Sansom Institute for Health Research, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia.
authors: Cory J
authors: CJ
authors: Xian
authors: Institute of Orthopaedics,Lanzhou General Hospital, Lanzhou Command of CPLA, Lanzhou 730050, China. Electronic address: chenkm@lut.cn.
authors: Ke-Ming
authors: KM
authors: Chen
mesh_terms: D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase; D000818:Animals; D002113:Calcification, Physiologic; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002923:Cilia; D004574:Electromagnetic Fields; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D055909:Magnetic Field Therapy / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D010012:Osteogenesis; D051381:Rats; D012886:Skull / Q000166:cytology*; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase
keywords: Differentiation; Mineralization; Osteoblasts; Primary cilia; Pulsed electromagnetic fields; RNA interference