title: Prevalence and associated factors of self-reported hypertension among Tehran adults in 2011: a population-based study (Urban HEART-2).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hypertension is an important public-health challenge worldwide. The prevalence of hypertension greatly varies across countries. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of self-reported hypertension and to determine related factors in a large random sample of Tehran population in 2011.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this cross sectional study, 69173 individuals aged 25-64 years were selected using multistage cluster random sampling method. All participants were interviewed by trained personnel using standard questionnaires. Weighted prevalence and incidence rates were calculated and principle component analysis (PCA) was used to construct wealth index. Chi-square and odds ratio were used to assess associations in univariate analysis. Logistic Regression model was used in multivariate analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of self-reported hypertension was 5.27% in total, 3.83% in men and 6.64% in women (p< 0.001). The annual incidence rate of self-reported hypertension was 6.87 per 1000; 5.26 in men and 8.43 in women (p< 0.001), obviously varied across various districts. In multivariate analysis, age, sex (woman), marital status (single), obesity and smoking were positively associated with prevalence of self-reported hypertension. Education level was negatively associated to hypertension. On the other hand, wealth status was not associated to self-reported hypertension.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study findings highlighted low awareness rates of hypertension among Tehran adults especially in men and younger people. Hence, we recommend public health strategies to improve health education programs. Moreover, programs to develop the surveillance system and screening programs to early detection of undiagnosed cases are urgently needed particularly in high risk population subgroups.
authors: 1. PhD student in Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran & Instructor, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Ahwaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahwaz, Iran. cheraghian2000@yahoo.com.
authors: Bahman
authors: B
authors: Cheraghian
authors: 2. Associate Professor, Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Mohsen.asadi@yahoo.com.
authors: Mohsen
authors: M
authors: Asadi-Lari
authors: 3. Assistant Professor, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Mansournia_ma@yahoo.com.
authors: Mohammad Ali
authors: MA
authors: Mansournia
authors: 4. Professor, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. rezamajd@tums.ac.ir.
authors: Reza
authors: R
authors: Majdzadeh
authors: 5. Professor, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. mohamadk@tums.ac.ir.
authors: Kazem
authors: K
authors: Mohammad
authors: 6. Associate Professor, in Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Knowledge Utilization Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. nejatsan@tums.ac.ir.
authors: Saharnaz
authors: S
authors: Nedjat
authors: 4. Professor, Department of Physiology, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran. vaezmahdavi@shahed.ac.ir.
authors: Mohammad Reza
authors: MR
authors: Vaez-Mahdavi
authors: 8. Professor, Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran. faghihz@modares.ac.ir.
authors: Soghrat
authors: S
authors: Faghihzadeh
keywords: Hypertension; Prevalence; Self-reporting; Tehran