title: Psychometric properties of the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale in multiple sclerosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Multiple sclerosis (MS) is frequently associated with depressive symptoms and major depression.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We assessed psychometric properties of the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS, 17-item version) for assessing depressive symptomatology in a sample of MS patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy patients (aged 43.3 ± 10.3 years) completed the HDRS and a thorough clinical and neuropsychological assessment, including diagnosis of major depression according to the established clinical criteria.
  
  
  RESULTS
  HDRS was easy to administer and acceptable, and showed fair internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.8). The HDRS showed good convergent validity with respect to neuropsychiatric inventory (NPI) subdomain of depression (r rho = .85) and good divergent validity with respect to remaining NPI subdomains (r rho < .30). Moreover, HDRS's total score correlated moderately with functional disability and apathetic symptomatology, and poorly with general cognitive status. Receiver operating characteristics curve analysis demonstrated that a cutoff >14.5 can identify clinically relevant depressive symptoms with good sensitivity (93 %) and specificity (97 %) with respect to the diagnosis of major depression. Such a cutoff identified clinically relevant depressive symptoms in 42 % of our MS sample, whereas 44.2 % patients met established clinical criteria for major depression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The HDRS can be considered as an easy, reliable, and valid tool to assess depressive symptomatology for clinical and research purposes in non-demented MS patients.
authors: Department of Psychology, Second University of Naples, Viale Ellittico, 31, Caserta, Italy.
authors: Simona
authors: S
authors: Raimo
authors: Luigi
authors: L
authors: Trojano
authors: Daniele
authors: D
authors: Spitaleri
authors: Vittorio
authors: V
authors: Petretta
authors: Dario
authors: D
authors: Grossi
authors: Gabriella
authors: G
authors: Santangelo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003863:Depression / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000523:psychology*; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D010555:Personality Inventory; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000379:methods*; D011788:Quality of Life / Q000523:psychology; D012372:ROC Curve; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity