title: Health risk assessment of various metal(loid)s via multiple exposure pathways on children living near a typical lead-acid battery plant, China.
abstract: Manufacture of lead-acid batteries is of widespread interest because of its emissions of heavy metals and metalloids into environment, harming environmental quality and consequently causing detrimental effects on human health. In this study, exposure pathways and health risks of children to heavy metal(loid)s (Pb, Cd, As, etc) were investigated based on field sampling and questionnaire. Pb was one of the most abundant elements in children's blood, with an elevated blood lead level of 12.45 μg dL(-1). Soil/dust and food were heavily polluted by targeted metal(loid)s. Food ingestion accounted for more than 80% of the total exposure for most metal(loid)s. The non-cancer risks to children were 3-10 times higher than the acceptable level of 1, while the cancer risks were 5-200 times higher than the maximum acceptable level of 1.0 × 10(-4). The study emphasized the significance of effective environmental management, particularly to ensure food security near battery facilities.
authors: State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
authors: Suzhen
authors: S
authors: Cao
authors: State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China. Electronic address: duan_jasmine@126.com.
authors: Xiaoli
authors: X
authors: Duan
authors: State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
authors: Xiuge
authors: X
authors: Zhao
authors: State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
authors: Beibei
authors: B
authors: Wang
authors: State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
authors: Jin
authors: J
authors: Ma
authors: School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China.
authors: Delong
authors: D
authors: Fan
authors: National Institute of Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China.
authors: Chengye
authors: C
authors: Sun
authors: Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
authors: Bin
authors: B
authors: He
authors: Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; China National Environmental Monitoring Center, Beijing 100012, China. Electronic address: wfs851317@163.com.
authors: Fusheng
authors: F
authors: Wei
authors: Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
authors: Guibin
authors: G
authors: Jiang
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002681:China; D004391:Dust / Q000032:analysis; D011211:Electric Power Supplies; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D004787:Environmental Pollution / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D007220:Industrial Waste / Q000032:analysis / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D007854:Lead; D058955:Metalloids / Q000032:analysis*; D008670:Metals / Q000032:analysis; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D004391:Dust; D007220:Industrial Waste; D058955:Metalloids; D008670:Metals; D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D007854:Lead
keywords: Children; Exposure pathways; Health risks; Heavy metal(loid)s; Lead-acid battery