title: Prevalence and associated factors of inhaled nitrites use among men who have sex with men in Beijing, China.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Inhaled nitrites are commonly used by men who have sex with men (MSM) in western countries. As such compounds are not illicit, they are widely available in China. Recent studies have documented a high prevalence of inhaled nitrites use in this population.
  
  
  METHODS
  Snowball sampling was used to recruit 576 MSM in Beijing, China, who completed an anonymous face-to-face interview.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the participants, 49.8% had heard of "Rush" or "inhaled nitrites". The prevalence of use in the last three months was 28.3% among all participants and 56.8% among those with awareness about the compounds. A stepwise model found that age group (26-35 years old, ORm= 3.91; ≤ 25 years old, ORm = 3.05; reference group: >35 years old, P < 0.01) and multiple male sex partnerships (ORm = 2.29, P < 0.01) were associated with inhaled nitrites use. Adjusted for these two variables, constructs based on the Health Belief Model (HBM) were significantly associated with inhaled nitrites use in the last three months: Perceived Severity Scale [Adjusted Odds Ratios (AOR) = 0.72, P < 0.001], the Perceived Benefit Scale (AOR = 1.20, P < 0.001), the Perceived Barrier Scale (AOR = 0.81, P < 0.01), the Cue to Action Scale (AOR = 1.45, P < 0.001), and the Perceived Self-efficacy Scale (AOR = 0.71, P < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prevalence of inhaled nitrites use was high. It may further increase sharply among MSM in China when awareness becomes more common. Cognitive variables derived from the HBM provided a useful framework for designing interventions at structural, inter-personal and individual levels. Policy changes should also be considered.
authors: Centre for Health Behaviours Research, JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute (SZRI) , Shenzhen, 518057, China.
authors: Zixin
authors: Z
authors: Wang
authors: Chaoyang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100021, China.
authors: Dongliang
authors: D
authors: Li
authors: Centre for Health Behaviours Research, JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute (SZRI) , Shenzhen, 518057, China; Centre for Medical Anthropology and Behavioral Health, Sun Yat-sen University, 510275, China. Electronic address: jlau@cuhk.edu.hk.
authors: Joseph T F
authors: JT
authors: Lau
authors: Centre for Health Behaviours Research, JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Chaoyang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100021, China.
authors: Xueying
authors: X
authors: Yang
authors: School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, 19104 PA, United States.
authors: Hanyang
authors: H
authors: Shen
authors: Centre for Health Behaviours Research, JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
authors: Wangnan
authors: W
authors: Cao
mesh_terms: D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D001294:Attitude to Health; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D018451:Homosexuality, Male / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D058545:Inhalant Abuse / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009573:Nitrites; D015995:Prevalence; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D009573:Nitrites
keywords: China; Health Belief Model; Inhaled nitrites; Men who have sex with men; Usage