title: Increased expression of oncogene-induced senescence markers during cervical squamous cell cancer development.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the expression of p15(INK4b), p16(INK4a) and p21(Waf1/Cip1) in specimens from cases of normal cervical epithelium (NCE), cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), and to evaluate whether there is evidence implicating oncogene-induced senescence (OIS) in cervical squamous cell cancer development.
  
  
  METHODS
  The immunohistochemical expression of p15(INK4b), p16(INK4a) and p21(Waf1/Cip1) were investigated in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded specimens from 19 NCE, 51 CIN and 21 SCC cases, respectively. Comparisons among different groups for each marker were performed with Chi-square test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The expression of p15(INK4b), p16(INK4a) and p21(Waf1/Cip1) were significantly higher in both CIN and SCC compared to NCE. Furthermore, the expression of p15(INK4b) and p21(Waf1/Cip1) was significantly higher in CIN П compared to CIN І, and these expressions were statistically higher in CIN Ш compared to CIN П, respectively. The p16(INK4a) expression was significantly higher in CIN Ш compared to CIN І.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results suggested that the senescence programs mediated by p15(INK4b), p16(INK4a) and p21(Waf1/Cip1) were activated during the stage of CIN and SCC, and demonstrated that senescence may play important role in preventing from NCE to SCC.
authors: Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University Suzhou, China.
authors: Yongsheng
authors: Y
authors: Zhang
authors: Department of Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University Suzhou, China.
authors: Liangsheng
authors: L
authors: Guo
authors: Department of Oncology & Radiotherapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University Suzhou, China.
authors: Pengfei
authors: P
authors: Xing
authors: Department of Oncology & Radiotherapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University Suzhou, China.
authors: Yuanyuan
authors: Y
authors: Chen
authors: Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University Suzhou, China.
authors: Feng
authors: F
authors: Li
authors: Department of Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University Suzhou, China.
authors: Weipei
authors: W
authors: Zhu
authors: Department of Oncology & Radiotherapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University Suzhou, China.
authors: Xueguan
authors: X
authors: Lu
mesh_terms: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis*; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000473:pathology*; D002471:Cell Transformation, Neoplastic / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D016922:Cellular Senescence / Q000502:physiology*; D050762:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p15 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D019941:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D009857:Oncogenes; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D002578:Uterine Cervical Dysplasia / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; C493956:CDKN1A protein, human; D050762:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p15; D019941:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16; D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21
keywords: Cervical cancer; carcinogenesis; senescence