title: Rapid genomic DNA changes in allotetraploid fish hybrids.
abstract: Rapid genomic change has been demonstrated in several allopolyploid plant systems; however, few studies focused on animals. We addressed this issue using an allotetraploid lineage (4nAT) of freshwater fish originally derived from the interspecific hybridization of red crucian carp (Carassius auratus red var., ♀, 2n=100) × common carp (Cyprinus carpio L., ♂, 2n=100). We constructed a bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) library from allotetraploid hybrids in the 20th generation (F20) and sequenced 14 BAC clones representing a total of 592.126 kb, identified 11 functional genes and estimated the guanine-cytosine content (37.10%) and the proportion of repetitive elements (17.46%). The analysis of intron evolution using nine orthologous genes across a number of selected fish species detected a gain of 39 introns and a loss of 30 introns in the 4nAT lineage. A comparative study based on seven functional genes among 4nAT, diploid F1 hybrids (2nF1) (first generation of hybrids) and their original parents revealed that both hybrid types (2nF1 and 4nAT) not only inherited genomic DNA from their parents, but also demonstrated rapid genomic DNA changes (homoeologous recombination, parental DNA fragments loss and formation of novel genes). However, 4nAT presented more genomic variations compared with their parents than 2nF1. Interestingly, novel gene fragments were found for the iqca1 gene in both hybrid types. This study provided a preliminary genomic characterization of allotetraploid F20 hybrids and revealed evolutionary and functional genomic significance of allopolyploid animals.
authors: Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Fish Developmental Biology of Education Ministry of China, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, People's Republic of China.
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Wang
authors: Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Fish Developmental Biology of Education Ministry of China, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, People's Republic of China.
authors: L H
authors: LH
authors: Ye
authors: Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
authors: Q Z
authors: QZ
authors: Liu
authors: Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Fish Developmental Biology of Education Ministry of China, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, People's Republic of China.
authors: L Y
authors: LY
authors: Peng
authors: Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Fish Developmental Biology of Education Ministry of China, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, People's Republic of China.
authors: W
authors: W
authors: Liu
authors: Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Fish Developmental Biology of Education Ministry of China, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, People's Republic of China.
authors: X G
authors: XG
authors: Yi
authors: Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Fish Developmental Biology of Education Ministry of China, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, People's Republic of China.
authors: Y D
authors: YD
authors: Wang
authors: Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Fish Developmental Biology of Education Ministry of China, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, People's Republic of China.
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Xiao
authors: Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Fish Developmental Biology of Education Ministry of China, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, People's Republic of China.
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Xu
authors: Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Fish Developmental Biology of Education Ministry of China, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, People's Republic of China.
authors: F Z
authors: FZ
authors: Hu
authors: Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Fish Developmental Biology of Education Ministry of China, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, People's Republic of China.
authors: L
authors: L
authors: Ren
authors: Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Fish Developmental Biology of Education Ministry of China, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, People's Republic of China.
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Tao
authors: Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Fish Developmental Biology of Education Ministry of China, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, People's Republic of China.
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Zhang
authors: Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Fish Developmental Biology of Education Ministry of China, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, People's Republic of China.
authors: Y
authors: Y
authors: Liu
authors: Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
authors: Y H
authors: YH
authors: Hong
authors: Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Fish Developmental Biology of Education Ministry of China, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, People's Republic of China.
authors: S J
authors: SJ
authors: Liu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002347:Carps / Q000235:genetics*; D002678:Chimera; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D005784:Gene Amplification; D015723:Gene Library; D006054:Goldfish / Q000235:genetics*; D006824:Hybridization, Genetic; D007438:Introns; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D011123:Polyploidy; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA