title: "Omics" in pharmaceutical research: overview, applications, challenges, and future perspectives.
abstract: In the post-genomic era, biological studies are characterized by the rapid development and wide application of a series of "omics" technologies, including genomics, proteomics, metabolomics, transcriptomics, lipidomics, cytomics, metallomics, ionomics, interactomics, and phenomics. These "omics" are often based on global analyses of biological samples using high through-put analytical approaches and bioinformatics and may provide new insights into biological phenomena. In this paper, the development and advances in these omics made in the past decades are reviewed, especially genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics; the applications of omics technologies in pharmaceutical research are then summarized in the fields of drug target discovery, toxicity evaluation, personalized medicine, and traditional Chinese medicine; and finally, the limitations of omics are discussed, along with the future challenges associated with the multi-omics data processing, dynamics omics analysis, and analytical approaches, as well as amenable solutions and future prospects.
authors: School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
authors: Shi-Kai
authors: SK
authors: Yan
authors: School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
authors: Run-Hui
authors: RH
authors: Liu
authors: School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
authors: Hui-Zi
authors: HZ
authors: Jin
authors: School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
authors: Xin-Ru
authors: XR
authors: Liu
authors: School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
authors: Ji
authors: J
authors: Ye
authors: School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
authors: Lei
authors: L
authors: Shan
authors: School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China; Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai 200040, China. Electronic address: wdzhang@hotmail.com.
authors: Wei-Dong
authors: WD
authors: Zhang
mesh_terms: D035843:Biomedical Research / Q000379:methods*; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D023281:Genomics; D055432:Metabolomics; D010600:Pharmacology; D040901:Proteomics
keywords: Genomics; Metabolomics; Omics; Personalized Medicine; Proteomics; Target Discovery; Toxicity Assessment; Traditional Chinese Medicine; Transcriptomics