title: Strain, strain rate, torsion, and twist: echocardiographic evaluation.
abstract: Deformation imaging by tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) and speckle-tracking echocardiography (STE) are emerging clinical methods. TDI- and STE-derived parameters, such as myocardial strain and strain rate, as well as torsion and twist, provide detailed information about myocardial function and are associated with cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. However, only echocardiographic laboratories with experience in deformation imaging have included these methods in daily clinical practice. In this review, we describe myocardial deformation parameters and relevant echocardiographic methods and address recent developments in the clinical application of deformation imaging.
authors: Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Postbox 4950, Nydalen, 0424, Oslo, Norway, anders.opdahl@rr-research.no.
authors: Anders
authors: A
authors: Opdahl
authors: Thomas
authors: T
authors: Helle-Valle
authors: Helge
authors: H
authors: Skulstad
authors: Otto A
authors: OA
authors: Smiseth
mesh_terms: D015150:Echocardiography, Doppler / Q000379:methods*; D019560:Echocardiography, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods; D054459:Elasticity Imaging Techniques / Q000379:methods; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006801:Humans; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left / Q000502:physiology*