title: The four-factor model of the Psychopathy Checklist--Revised: validation in a Dutch forensic inpatient sample.
abstract: In The Netherlands, the Ministry of Security and Justice requires the assessment of the Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R; Hare, 1991; Hare, 2003) in all forensic psychiatric inpatients. To examine the four-factor structure of the Psychopathy Checklist-Revised, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted using a Dutch sample of forensic psychiatric inpatients (N=411) and the results indicated acceptable fit. Also, using multiple group CFA, the four-factor model provided an acceptable fit in both patients with a personality disorder and patients with a psychotic disorder, and there was reasonably good evidence of measurement invariance between these two subgroups. Furthermore, correlations with external measures of aggression and personality traits provided additional support for the validity of the four-factor model in patients with a personality disorder. In patients with a psychotic disorder fewer significant correlations with external measures were found. Taken together, the results support the use of the four-factor structure in Dutch offenders who are detained under hospital order.
authors: Forensic Psychiatric Center De Kijvelanden, P.O. Box 900, 3160 AC Rhoon, The Netherlands; Erasmus University Rotterdam, Faculty of Social Sciences, P.O. Box 1738, 3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Electronic address: Almar.Zwets@Kijvelanden.nl.
authors: Almar J
authors: AJ
authors: Zwets
authors: Maastricht University, Clinical Psychological Science, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands. Electronic address: R.Hornsveld@Tiscali.nl.
authors: Ruud H J
authors: RH
authors: Hornsveld
authors: University of North Texas, Department of Psychology, 1155 Union Circle # 311280, Denton, TX, United States. Electronic address: Craig.Neumann@Unt.edu.
authors: Craig
authors: C
authors: Neumann
authors: Erasmus University Rotterdam, Faculty of Social Sciences, P.O. Box 1738, 3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Maastricht University, Clinical Psychological Science, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands. Electronic address: Peter.Muris@Maastrichtuniversity.nl.
authors: Peter
authors: P
authors: Muris
authors: Erasmus University Rotterdam, Medical Centre, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Forensic Outpatient Clinic Het Dok Rotterdam, P.O. Box 363, 3000 AJ Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Electronic address: H.J.C.vanmarle@Erasmusmc.nl.
authors: Hjalmar J C
authors: HJ
authors: van Marle
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000374:Aggression; D000786:Anger; D000066479:Criminal Behavior; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005555:Forensic Psychiatry; D006778:Hospitals, Psychiatric; D006801:Humans; D007297:Inpatients; D008875:Middle Aged; D008960:Models, Psychological; D009426:Netherlands / Q000453:epidemiology; D010554:Personality Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D011329:Prisoners / Q000523:psychology*; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011599:Psychopathology; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Forensic psychiatric inpatients; Four-factor structure; Measurement invariance; Psychopathy Checklist—Revised