title: Cytotoxicity of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) in direct contact with odontoblast-like cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the cytotoxicity of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) on the repair-related activity of cultured odontoblast-like MDPC-23 cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  Solutions with different concentrations of DMSO (0.05, 0.1, 0.3, 0.5 and 1.0 mM), diluted in culture medium (DMEM), were placed in contact with MDPC-23 cells (5 × 104 cells/cm(2)) for 24 h. Eight replicates (n = 8) were prepared for each solutions for the following methods of analysis: violet crystal dye for cell adhesion (CA), quantification of total protein (TP), alizarin red for mineralization nodules formation (MN) and cell death by necrosis (flow cytometry); while twelve replicates (n = 12) were prepared for viable cell number (Trypan Blue) and cell viability (MTT assay). Data were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey or Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney's tests (p < 0.05).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cell viability, adhesion and percentage of cell death by necrosis were not affected by DMSO at any concentration, with no statistical significant difference among the groups. A significant reduction in total protein production was observed for 0.5 and 1.0 mM of DMSO compared to the control while increased mineralized nodules formation was seen only for 1.0 mM DMSO.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  DMSO caused no or minor cytotoxic effects on the pulp tissue repair-related activity of odontoblast-like cells.
authors: UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Araraquara School of Dentistry, Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Araraquara, SP, Brazil. Electronic address: jhebling@foar.unesp.br.
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Hebling
authors: UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Araraquara School of Dentistry, Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
authors: L
authors: L
authors: Bianchi
authors: UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Araraquara School of Dentistry, Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
authors: F G
authors: FG
authors: Basso
authors: UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Araraquara School of Dentistry, Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
authors: D L
authors: DL
authors: Scheffel
authors: UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Araraquara School of Dentistry, Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
authors: D G
authors: DG
authors: Soares
authors: Anhanguera University of São Paulo (UNIAN), São Paulo, Brazil.
authors: M R O
authors: MR
authors: Carrilho
authors: Georgia Regents University, College of Dental Medicine, Department of Oral Biology, Augusta, GA, USA.
authors: D H
authors: DH
authors: Pashley
authors: Institute of Dentistry, University of Oulu, Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
authors: L
authors: L
authors: Tjäderhane
authors: UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Araraquara School of Dentistry, Departament of Physiology and Pathology, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
authors: C A
authors: CA
authors: de Souza Costa
mesh_terms: D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects; D016923:Cell Death / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004121:Dimethyl Sulfoxide / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009336:Necrosis; D009804:Odontoblasts / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D004121:Dimethyl Sulfoxide
keywords: Citotoxicity; Dimethyl sulfoxide; Odontoblast-like cells