title: The essential features and modes of bacterial polar growth.
abstract: Polar growth represents a surprising departure from the canonical dispersed cell growth model. However, we know relatively little of the underlying mechanisms governing polar growth or the requisite suite of factors that direct polar growth. Underscoring how classic doctrine can be turned on its head, the peptidoglycan layer of polar-growing bacteria features unusual crosslinks and in some species the quintessential cell division proteins FtsA and FtsZ are recruited to the growing poles. Remarkably, numerous medically important pathogens utilize polar growth, accentuating the need for intensive research in this area. Here we review models of polar growth in bacteria based on recent research in the Actinomycetales and Rhizobiales, with emphasis on Mycobacterium and Agrobacterium species.
authors: Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, Koshland Hall, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
authors: Todd A
authors: TA
authors: Cameron
authors: Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, Koshland Hall, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
authors: John R
authors: JR
authors: Zupan
authors: Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, Koshland Hall, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. Electronic address: zambrysk@berkeley.edu.
authors: Patricia C
authors: PC
authors: Zambryski
mesh_terms: D000192:Actinomycetales / Q000166:cytology / Q000254:growth & development; D060054:Agrobacterium / Q000166:cytology / Q000254:growth & development; D020561:Alphaproteobacteria / Q000166:cytology / Q000254:growth & development; D001419:Bacteria / Q000166:cytology* / Q000254:growth & development*; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D002453:Cell Cycle; D002455:Cell Division; D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D009161:Mycobacterium / Q000166:cytology / Q000254:growth & development; D010457:Peptidoglycan / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins; C065103:FtsA protein, Bacteria; D010457:Peptidoglycan
keywords: Actinomycetales; Rhizobiales; bacterial cell division; bacterial polar growth; peptidoglycan synthesis