title: Evidence supporting the biologic nature of gender identity.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To review current literature that supports a biologic basis of gender identity.
  
  
  METHODS
  A traditional literature review.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Evidence that there is a biologic basis for gender identity primarily involves (1) data on gender identity in patients with disorders of sex development (DSDs, also known as differences of sex development) along with (2) neuroanatomical differences associated with gender identity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although the mechanisms remain to be determined, there is strong support in the literature for a biologic basis of gender identity.
authors: Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Boston Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine.
authors: Aruna
authors: A
authors: Saraswat
authors: Boston University School of Medicine.
authors: Jamie D
authors: JD
authors: Weinand
authors: Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Boston Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Boston University School of Medicine.
authors: Joshua D
authors: JD
authors: Safer
mesh_terms: D012734:Disorders of Sex Development / Q000209:etiology; D005783:Gender Identity; D006801:Humans; D063106:Transgender Persons; D008297:Male; D005260:Female