title: Assessment of the reliability of a novel self-sampling device for performing cervical sampling in Malaysia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The participation of women in cervical cancer screening in Malaysia is low. Self-sampling might be able to overcome this problem.The aim of this study was to assess the reliability of self-sampling for cervical smear in our country.
  
  
  METHODS
  This cross-sectional study was conducted on 258 community dwelling women from urban and rural settings who participated in health campaigns. In order to reduce the sampling bias, half of the study population performed the self-sampling prior to the physician sampling while the other half performed the self-sampling after the physician sampling, randomly. Acquired samples were assessed for cytological changes as well as HPV DNA detection.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean age of the subjects was 40.4±11.3 years. The prevalence of abnormal cervical changes was 2.7%. High risk and low risk HPV genotypes were found in 4.0% and 2.7% of the subjects, respectively. A substantial agreement was observed between self-sampling and the physician obtained sampling in cytological diagnosis (k=0.62, 95%CI=0.50, 0.74), micro-organism detection (k=0.77, 95%CI=0.66, 0.88) and detection of hormonal status (k=0.75, 95%CI=0.65, 0.85) as well as detection of high risk (k=0.77, 95%CI=0.4, 0.98) and low risk (K=0.77, 95%CI=0.50, 0.92) HPV. Menopausal state was found to be related with 8.39 times more adequate cell specimens for cytology but 0.13 times less adequate cell specimens for virological assessment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study revealed that self-sampling has a good agreement with physician sampling in detecting HPV genotypes. Self-sampling can serve as a tool in HPV screening while it may be useful in detecting cytological abnormalities in Malaysia.
authors: Department of Community Health, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia E-mail : latiffah.latiff@gmail.com.
authors: Latiffah A
authors: LA
authors: Latiff
authors: Sabariah Abdul
authors: SA
authors: Rahman
authors: Wong Yong
authors: WY
authors: Wee
authors: Sareh
authors: S
authors: Dashti
authors: Andi Anggeriana
authors: AA
authors: Andi Asri
authors: Nor Hafeeza
authors: NH
authors: Unit
authors: Shirliey Foo
authors: SF
authors: Siah Li
authors: Ali Jafarzadeh
authors: AJ
authors: Esfehani
authors: Salwana
authors: S
authors: Ahmad
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D027383:Papillomaviridae / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology; D010820:Physicians; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011379:Prognosis; D012648:Self Care; D013048:Specimen Handling / Q000379:methods*; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology; D014626:Vaginal Smears / Q000295:instrumentation*; D002578:Uterine Cervical Dysplasia / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology
chemical_list: D004279:DNA, Viral