title: Metformin enhances radiation response of ECa109 cells through activation of ATM and AMPK.
abstract: Metformin is a first-line used agent for type II diabetes with few side effects. The antineoplastic effect of metformin was widely explored recently. Metformin may also be a prospective chemosensitizer or radiosensitizer in cancer treatment. In the present study, we firstly showed that metformin could effectively enhance the anti-proliferation effect of ionizing radiation (IR) on esophageal cancer (EC) cells ECa109. More potent DNA damage was observed by detection of γH2AX foci. Metformin synergistically induce apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in ECa109 cells with IR. Furthermore, the mechanisms how metformin sensitized ECa109 cells to IR may be targeting the ATM and AMPK/mTOR/HIF-1α pathways. Metformin may be a valuable agent in comprehensive treatment of EC.
authors: Department of Intergrative Medicine, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, China. Electronic address: ftt0319@126.com.
authors: Tingting
authors: T
authors: Feng
authors: Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, 9, West Section Lvshun South Road, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, China; College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, 9, West Section Lvshun South Road, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, China. Electronic address: lilei998@126.com.
authors: Lei
authors: L
authors: Li
authors: Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China. Electronic address: lsb0330@126.com.
authors: Sunbin
authors: S
authors: Ling
authors: Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, 9, West Section Lvshun South Road, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, China; College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, 9, West Section Lvshun South Road, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, China. Electronic address: 15941169230@163.com.
authors: Ning
authors: N
authors: Fan
authors: Department of Intergrative Medicine, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, China. Electronic address: fangjade2004@icloud.com.
authors: Meiyu
authors: M
authors: Fang
authors: Department of Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116027, China. Electronic address: zhang089202@163.com.
authors: Haiquan
authors: H
authors: Zhang
authors: Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, 9, West Section Lvshun South Road, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, China; College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, 9, West Section Lvshun South Road, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, China. Electronic address: fx123_sunshine@163.com.
authors: Xin
authors: X
authors: Fang
authors: Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, 9, West Section Lvshun South Road, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, China; College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, 9, West Section Lvshun South Road, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, China. Electronic address: 1306382986@qq.com.
authors: Wen
authors: W
authors: Lan
authors: Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, 9, West Section Lvshun South Road, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China. Electronic address: houzy@sjtu.edu.cn.
authors: Zhaoyuan
authors: Z
authors: Hou
authors: Department of Thoracic Surgery, Anshan City Cancer Hosiptal, Anshan Liaoning 114000, China. Electronic address: Mqc1mqc@163.com.
authors: QingChun
authors: Q
authors: Meng
authors: College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, 9, West Section Lvshun South Road, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, China. Electronic address: Jindi0801@126.com.
authors: Di
authors: D
authors: Jin
authors: College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, 9, West Section Lvshun South Road, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, China. Electronic address: xf112@126.com.
authors: Fei
authors: F
authors: Xu
authors: Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, 9, West Section Lvshun South Road, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, China; College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, 9, West Section Lvshun South Road, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, China. Electronic address: ly316@126.com.
authors: Yan
authors: Y
authors: Li
mesh_terms: D055372:AMP-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D064007:Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D059447:Cell Cycle Checkpoints / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D002999:Clone Cells; D004249:DNA Damage; D004260:DNA Repair / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D006801:Humans; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit / Q000378:metabolism; D008687:Metformin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011839:Radiation, Ionizing; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases
chemical_list: C497442:HIF1A protein, human; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit; D008687:Metformin; C546842:MTOR protein, human; D064007:Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Proteins; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases; D055372:AMP-Activated Protein Kinases
keywords: Esophageal neoplasms; Ionizing radiation; Metformin