title: Effects of two polybrominated diphenyl ethers (BDE-47, BDE-209) on the swimming behavior, population growth and reproduction of the rotifer Brachionus plicatilis.
abstract: Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are new kinds of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and their potential threats to the equilibrium and sustainability of marine ecosystems have raised worldwide concerns. Here, two kinds of PBDEs, tetra-BDE (BDE-47) and deca-BDE (BDE-209) were applied, and their toxic effects on the swimming behavior, population growth and reproduction of Brachionus plicatilis were investigated. The results showed that: (1) The actual concentrations of BDE-47 and -209 in the seawater phase measured by GC-MS (Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometer) were much lower than their nominal concentrations. (2) In accordance with the 24-hr acute tests, BDE-209 did not show any obvious swimming inhibition to rotifers, but a good correlation did exist between the swimming inhibition rate and BDE-47 concentration suggesting that BDE-47 is more toxic than BDE-209. (3) Both BDE-47 and -209 had a significant influence on the population growth and reproduction parameters of B. plicatilis including the population growth rate, the ratio of ovigerous females/non-ovigerous females (OF/NOF), the ratio of mictic females/amictic females (MF/AF), resting egg production and the mictic rate, which indicate that these parameters in B. plicatilis population were suitable for monitoring and assessing PBDEs. Our results suggest that BDE-47 and -209 are not acute lethal toxicants and may pose a low risk to marine rotifers at environmental concentrations for short-term exposure. They also accumulate differently into rotifers. Further research data are needed to understand the mechanisms responsible for the effects caused by PBDEs and to assess their risks accurately.
authors: Department of Marine Ecology, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China. Electronic address: shajingjingouc@163.com.
authors: Jingjing
authors: J
authors: Sha
authors: Department of Marine Ecology, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
authors: You
authors: Y
authors: Wang
authors: Thermo Fisher Scientific (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Beijing 100080, China.
authors: Jianxia
authors: J
authors: Lv
authors: Department of Marine Ecology, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
authors: Hong
authors: H
authors: Wang
authors: Department of Marine Ecology, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
authors: Hongmei
authors: H
authors: Chen
authors: Department of Marine Ecology, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
authors: Leilei
authors: L
authors: Qi
authors: Department of Marine Ecology, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China. Electronic address: tangxx@ouc.edu.cn.
authors: Xuexi
authors: X
authors: Tang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D055768:Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers / Q000633:toxicity*; D011158:Population Growth; D012098:Reproduction / Q000187:drug effects; D012403:Rotifera / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D013550:Swimming; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D055768:Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C511295:2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether; C010902:decabromobiphenyl ether
keywords: BDE-209; BDE-47; Brachionus plicatilis; Population growth; Reproductive toxicity; Swimming inhibition