title: Urban and suburban differences in hypertension trends and self-care: three population-based cross-sectional studies from 2005-2011.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to compare hypertension trends in the urban and suburban population, and to examine the use of several self-care behaviors among patients who were aware of their hypertension.
  
  
  METHODS
  We examined the data from three cross-sectional adult populations obtained in 2005, 2008, and 2011, in Beijing.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Our analyses indicated that from 2005 to 2011 the standardized rate of hypertension increased from 31.9% to 36.0% (P <0.001) among urban adults, and was relatively stable (40.8% -40.2%) among suburban adults (P = 0.02). About 10% of the patients reported having taken measures to control their weight for hypertension management. As compared to the other patients, the female patients in the urban areas reported the highest rate of regular BP measurement (52.6%). In addition, the patients who reported taking medication regularly increased among the males and females. Most of the women reported nonsmoking (≥95%) and alcohol abstinence (≥90%). The trend of nonsmoking decreased among the urban males. In contrast, the prevalence of nonsmoking increased among the suburban males, though the trend was not statistically significant (P = 0.055). Further, the patient-reported alcohol abstinence was found to exhibit a decreasing trend among the males.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We observed an increase in the hypertension prevalence from 2005 to 2011. The rates remained higher for suburban adults than for urban adults. Females generally had better self-care ability as compared to male patients. Further research is needed to promote self-care behaviors in hypertensive patients, especially for male patients.
authors: Institute of Chronic Diseases Control and Prevention, Beijing Center for Diseases Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
authors: Gang
authors: G
authors: Li
authors: Lab of Exercise Epidemiology, Graduate School of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Saitama, Japan.
authors: Huanhuan
authors: H
authors: Hu
authors: Institute of Chronic Diseases Control and Prevention, Beijing Center for Diseases Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
authors: Zhong
authors: Z
authors: Dong
authors: Institute of Chronic Diseases Control and Prevention, Beijing Center for Diseases Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
authors: Jin
authors: J
authors: Xie
authors: Institute of Chronic Diseases Control and Prevention, Beijing Center for Diseases Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
authors: Ying
authors: Y
authors: Zhou
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001364:Awareness; D000068476:Beijing; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D019468:Disease Management; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012648:Self Care / Q000379:methods; D013383:Suburban Population; D014505:Urban Population