title: Mutational profile of KIT and PDGFRA genes in gastrointestinal stromal tumors in Peruvian samples.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are mesenchymal neoplasms usually caused by somatic mutations in the genes KIT (c-kit) or PDGFRA. Mutation characterization has become an important exam for GIST patients because it is useful in predicting the response to the inhibitors of receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of KIT and PDGFRA mutations in 25 GIST samples collected over two years at two national reference hospitals in Peru. There were 21 samples collected from the Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neopl&#225;sicas (INEN, national cancer center) and 4 samples collected from Hospital A. Loayza.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this retrospective study, we performed polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) sequencing of KIT (exons 9, 11, 13, and 17) and PDGFRA (exons 12 and 18) genes in 20 FFPE (formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded) and 5 frozen GIST samples.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We report 21 mutations, including deletions, duplications, and missense, no mutations in 2 samples, and 2 samples with no useful DNA for further analysis. Eighty-six percent of these mutations were located in exon 11 of KIT, and 14 % were located in exon 18 of PDGFRA.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study identified mutations in 21 out of 25 GIST samples from 2 referential national hospitals in Peru, and the mutation proportion follows a global tendency observed from previous studies (i.e., the majority of samples presented KIT mutations followed by a minor percentage of PDGFRA mutations). This study presents the first mutation data of the KIT and PDGFRA genes from Peruvian individuals with GIST.
authors: José
authors: J
authors: Buleje
authors: Óscar
authors: Ó
authors: Acosta
authors: María
authors: M
authors: Guevara-Fujita
authors: Yanina
authors: Y
authors: Enriquez
authors: Luis
authors: L
authors: Taxa
authors: Enrique
authors: E
authors: Machicado
authors: Frank
authors: F
authors: Lizaraso-Caparó
authors: Ricardo
authors: R
authors: Fujita
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D005770:Gastrointestinal Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics*; D046152:Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009154:Mutation; D010568:Peru; D019009:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit / Q000235:genetics*; D020796:Receptor, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor alpha / Q000235:genetics*; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D019009:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit; D020796:Receptor, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor alpha