title: Mechanical prosthetic valve disease is related with an increase in depression and anxiety disorder.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Patients with organic disease can present with psychiatric symptoms. We hypothesized that since patients with prosthetic heart valve require frequent hospital followup and are at higher risk for complications, the incidence of depression and anxiety is higher in these patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  This cross-sectional study prospectively studied 98 consecutive patients with mechanical prosthetic heart valve. All patients fulfilled prosthetic heart valve evaluation form, Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAS). Complete blood count, basic metabolic panel and echocardiogram results were collected for all the patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Using the BDI, there were 26 patients (27%) with no depression, 20 (20%) with mild depression, 38 (39%) with moderate, 4 (4%) with severe and 10 (10%) patients with very severe depression. Avarege score was 18.3±11.4 on BDI and 19.1±11.1 on HAS. The depression level was positively associated with prothrombin time (p les than 0.001) and international normalized ratio (INR) level (p les than 0.001). Hamilton Anxiety Scale was significantly correlated with comorbidities (r: 0.344; p=0.002), blood transfusion (r: 0.370; p les than 0.001), obesity (r: 0.319; p=0.007) and Beck Depression Scale was correlated with comorbidities (r: 0.328; p=0.002), in patients with prosthetic heart valve disease.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients with prosthetic heart valve have higher prevalence of depression and higher scores of anxiety and depression. Early recognition and appropriate treatment of depression and anxiety may decrease the morbidity in prosthetic heart valve disease. Besides, use of new oral anticoagulant agents that do not need INR check, could decrease anxiety and depression in the future.
authors: Family Medicine Center, Duzce, Turkey.
authors: Yasemin
authors: Y
authors: Turker
authors: University of Katip Celebi, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Family Medicine, İzmir, Turkey.
authors: Kurtulus
authors: K
authors: Ongel
authors: University of Suleyman Demirel, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Isparta, Turkey.
authors: Mehmet
authors: M
authors: Ozaydin
authors: Duzce University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Duzce, Turkey.
authors: Yasin
authors: Y
authors: Turker
authors: University of Suleyman Demirel, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Family Medicine, Isparta, Turkey.
authors: Funda
authors: F
authors: Yildirim Bas
authors: Bezm-i Alem University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors: Mehmet
authors: M
authors: Akkaya
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001007:Anxiety / Q000209:etiology*; D015897:Comorbidity; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003863:Depression / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D006350:Heart Valve Prosthesis / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales