title: Proinflammatory cytokine responses in patients with psoriasis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Psoriasis is one of the most common, immune-mediated, chronic inflammatory skin diseases. Proinflammatory cytokines play an important pathogenetic role at a local level.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess whether the proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, IL-17, IL-22 and TNF-α are released systemically during psoriasis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated from 30 patients with psoriasis and 30 healthy volunteers. Cytokine production was assessed in supernatants using an enzyme immunoassay after stimulation of PBMCs with microbial stimuli. In addition, flow cytometry was used to determine the subsets of monocytes involved and the intracellular TNF-α production in monocytes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  IL-17 levels were significantly higher in the supernatants of PBMCs from psoriatic patients after stimulation with phytohemagglutinin. TNF-α production was also significantly higher in cells from psoriatic patients after stimulation with all stimuli, as compared with health volunteers. Similar changes were not found for the other cytokines. A statistically significant difference was observed between patients and controls for inflammatory CD14(+)/CD16(+) monocytes (p<0.0001) and patrolling CD14-/CD16(+) monocytes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hyper-production of TNF-α is documented in psoriasis. These results support the concept that there is a systemic, proinflammatory component in psoriasis.
authors: 2nd Department of Dermatology and Venereology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Athens, Greece.
authors: Anargyros
authors: A
authors: Kouris
authors: 4th Department of Internal Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Athens, Greece.
authors: Aikaterini
authors: A
authors: Pistiki
authors: 2nd Department of Dermatology and Venereology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Athens, Greece.
authors: Alexandros
authors: A
authors: Katoulis
authors: 4th Department of Internal Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Athens, Greece.
authors: Marianna
authors: M
authors: Georgitsi
authors: 2nd Department of Dermatology and Venereology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Athens, Greece.
authors: Sofia
authors: S
authors: Giatrakou
authors: 2nd Department of Dermatology and Venereology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Athens, Greece.
authors: Evangelia
authors: E
authors: Papadavid
authors: Department of Medicine and Nijmegen Institute for Infection, Inflammation and Immunity, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, TheNetherlands.
authors: Mihai G
authors: MG
authors: Netea
authors: 2nd Department of Dermatology and Venereology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Athens, Greece.
authors: Nikolaos
authors: N
authors: Stavrianeas
authors: 4th Department of Internal Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Athens, Greece, Department of Medicine and Nijmegen Institute for Infection, Inflammation and Immunity, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, TheNetherlands.
authors: Evangelos J
authors: EJ
authors: Giamarellos-Bourboulis
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000942:Antigens, Bacterial / Q000494:pharmacology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D058851:GPI-Linked Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D015870:Gene Expression; D006801:Humans; D020381:Interleukin-17 / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D007378:Interleukins / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D018950:Lipopolysaccharide Receptors / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D008074:Lipoproteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010835:Phytohemagglutinins / Q000494:pharmacology; D061251:Primary Cell Culture; D011565:Psoriasis / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D017452:Receptors, IgG / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000819:agonists / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D000097043:Interleukin-22
chemical_list: D000942:Antigens, Bacterial; D058851:GPI-Linked Proteins; D020381:Interleukin-17; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D015850:Interleukin-6; D007378:Interleukins; D018950:Lipopolysaccharide Receptors; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D008074:Lipoproteins; D010835:Phytohemagglutinins; D017452:Receptors, IgG; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D000097043:Interleukin-22; C428200:FCGR3B protein, human; C508600:IL6 protein, human; C061108:N-palmitoyl-S-(2,3-bis(palmitoyloxy)propyl)cysteinyl-seryl-lysyl-lysyl-lysyl-lysine
keywords: IL-17; IL-1β; IL-22; IL-6; TNF-α; monocytes; psoriasis