title: Associations among chronic disease status, participation in federal nutrition programs, food insecurity, and sugar-sweetened beverage and water intake among residents of a health-disparate region.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether sociodemographic characteristics, food security status, participation in federal nutrition programs (Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program [SNAP] or Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children [WIC]), and chronic disease status were associated with adherence to water and sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) intake recommendations.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional, random-digit phone survey with questions from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System and beverage intake questionnaire.
  
  
  METHODS
  Residents of a medically underserved, rural area.
  
  
  METHODS
  Water and SSB intake.
  
  
  METHODS
  Descriptive statistics, chi-square and 1-way ANOVA, and linear and logistic regression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The sample consisted of 930 respondents (aged 56 ± 17 years; 35% non-white); reported food insecurity and SNAP and WIC participation were 37%, 29%, and 8%, respectively. Prevalent health conditions included overweight/obesity (69%), diabetes (19%), and hypertension (45%). Water recommendations were more likely to be met (72%; mean intake, 31 ± 19 fluid oz) than SSB (41%; mean intake, 246 ± 297 kcal). Food insecurity and SNAP/WIC participation were not associated with meeting recommendations, but those reporting ≥ 1 chronic disease were more likely to meet SSB recommendations (odds ratio, 2.42; P = .02).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Odds of achieving SSB but not water recommendations were greater among individuals with a chronic disease. Efforts to communicate beverage recommendations to at-risk groups are needed.
authors: Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA. Electronic address: bdavy@vt.edu.
authors: Brenda M
authors: BM
authors: Davy
authors: Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA.
authors: Jamie M
authors: JM
authors: Zoellner
authors: Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
authors: Clarice N
authors: CN
authors: Waters
authors: Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA.
authors: Angela N
authors: AN
authors: Bailey
authors: Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA.
authors: Jennie L
authors: JL
authors: Hill
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001628:Beverages / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D002908:Chronic Disease / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000453:epidemiology; D060766:Drinking Water; D005260:Female; D063105:Food Assistance / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005523:Food Supply / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012424:Rural Population / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D060766:Drinking Water
keywords: beverages; diabetes; health disparities; rural; water