title: Towards explaining the health impacts of residential energy efficiency interventions - A realist review. Part 1: Pathways.
abstract: This paper is Part 1 of a realist review that tries to explain the impacts of residential energy efficiency interventions (REEIs) on householder health. According to recent systematic reviews residential energy efficiency interventions may benefit health. It is argued that home energy improvement are complex interventions and that a better understanding of the latent mechanisms and contextual issues that may shape the outcome of interventions is needed for effective intervention design. This realist review synthesises the results of 28 energy efficiency improvement programmes. This first part provides a review of the explanatory factors of the three key pathways, namely warmth in the home, affordability of fuel and psycho-social factors, and the pitfall of inadequate indoor air quality. The review revealed that REEIs improved winter warmth and lowered relative humidity with benefits for cardiovascular and respiratory health. In addition, residential energy efficiency improvements consolidated the meaning of the home as a safe haven, strengthened the householder's perceived autonomy and enhanced social status. Although satisfaction with the home proved to be an important explanation for positive mental health outcomes, financial considerations seemed to have played a secondary role. Evidence for negative impacts was rare but the risk should not be dismissed. Comprehensive refurbishments were not necessarily more effective than thermal retrofits or upgrades. A common protocol for the quantitative and qualitative evaluation of interventions would facilitate the synthesis of future studies. Householder and contextual influences are addressed in Part 2.
authors: School of Property, Construction and Project Management, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT) University, 124 La Trobe Street, Melbourne, GPO Box 2476V, Melbourne, VIC, 3001, Australia. Electronic address: nicola.willand@rmit.edu.au.
authors: Nicola
authors: N
authors: Willand
authors: School of Property, Construction and Project Management, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT) University, 124 La Trobe Street, Melbourne, GPO Box 2476V, Melbourne, VIC, 3001, Australia. Electronic address: ian.ridley@rmit.edu.au.
authors: Ian
authors: I
authors: Ridley
authors: Centre for Urban Research, School of Global, Urban and Social Studies, College of Design & Social Context, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT) University, 124 La Trobe Street, Melbourne, GPO Box 2476V, Melbourne, VIC, 3001, Australia. Electronic address: cecily.maller@rmit.edu.au.
authors: Cecily
authors: C
authors: Maller
mesh_terms: D016902:Air Pollution, Indoor; D003246:Conservation of Energy Resources; D004560:Electricity; D004782:Environmental Health; D005191:Family Characteristics; D062489:Health Impact Assessment; D006801:Humans; D007342:Insurance Benefits / Q000191:economics; D015397:Program Evaluation
keywords: Energy efficiency; Evidence; Health; Heating; Housing; Realist review; Wellbeing