title: LOX-1-Targeted Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Detect Early Diabetic Nephropathy in db/db Mice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Activation of the low-density lipoprotein receptor 1 (LOX-1) contributes to pervasive inflammation in early diabetic nephropathy (DN). This study determined the feasibility of anti-LOX-1-ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (USPIOs) for noninvasive detection of inflammatory renal lesions in early DN.
  
  
  METHODS
  Anti-mouse LOX-1 antibody was conjugated to polyethyleneglycol-coated USPIOs. In vitro analysis of USPIOs uptake was performed in RAW264.7 macrophages. DN and control mice were imaged by MRI prior to and 24 h after contrast treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Anti-LOX-1 USPIOs were selectively taken up by macrophages, and kidney T2* MRI showed a lower signal intensity in the cortex of DN mice after 24 h administration of anti-LOX-1 USPIOs. Positive Perl's staining in DN lesions, indicating the presence of iron oxide, was consistent with immunohistochemistry indicating the presence of LOX-1 and CD68.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This report shows that anti-LOX-1 USPIOs detect LOX-1-enriched inflammatory renal lesions in early DN mice. Our study provides important information for characterizing and monitoring early DN.
authors: Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Southeast University, 87 Dingjiaqiao Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China.
authors: Bing
authors: B
authors: Luo
authors: Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Southeast University, 87 Dingjiaqiao Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China.
authors: Song
authors: S
authors: Wen
authors: Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Southeast University, 87 Dingjiaqiao Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China.
authors: Yu-Chen
authors: YC
authors: Chen
authors: Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Southeast University, 87 Dingjiaqiao Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China.
authors: Ying
authors: Y
authors: Cui
authors: Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China.
authors: Fa-Bao
authors: FB
authors: Gao
authors: Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Southeast University, 87 Dingjiaqiao Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China.
authors: Yu-Yu
authors: YY
authors: Yao
authors: Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Southeast University, 87 Dingjiaqiao Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China.
authors: Sheng-Hong
authors: SH
authors: Ju
authors: Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Southeast University, 87 Dingjiaqiao Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China. gjteng@vip.sina.com.
authors: Gao-Jun
authors: GJ
authors: Teng
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D058185:Magnetite Nanoparticles / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D051379:Mice; D051127:Scavenger Receptors, Class E / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D058185:Magnetite Nanoparticles; C495138:Olr1 protein, mouse; D051127:Scavenger Receptors, Class E
keywords: Diabetic nephropathy; LOX-1; Magnetic resonance imaging; USPIO