title: Metabolic and hormonal effects of 'catch-up' sleep in men with chronic, repetitive, lifestyle-driven sleep restriction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Acutely restricting sleep worsens insulin sensitivity in healthy individuals whose usual sleep is normal in duration and pattern. The effect of recovery or weekend 'catch-up' sleep on insulin sensitivity and metabolically active hormones in individuals with chronic sleep restriction who regularly 'catch-up' on sleep at weekends is as yet unstudied.
  
  
  METHODS
  19 men (mean ± SEM age 28·6 ± 2·0 years, BMI 26·0 ± 0·8 kg/m(2) ) with at least 6 months' history (5·1 ± 0·9 years) of lifestyle-driven, restricted sleep during the working week (373 ± 6·6 min/night) with regular weekend 'catch-up' sleep (weekend sleep extension 37·4 ± 2·3%) completed an in-laboratory, randomized, crossover study comprising two of three conditions, stratified by age. Conditions were 3 weekend nights of 10 hours, 6 hours or 10 hours time-in-bed with slow wave sleep (SWS) suppression using targeted acoustic stimuli.
  
  
  METHODS
  Insulin sensitivity was measured in the morning following the 3rd intervention night by minimal modelling of 19 samples collected during a 2-h oral glucose tolerance test. Glucose, insulin, c-peptide, leptin, peptide YY (PYY), ghrelin, cortisol, testosterone and luteinizing hormone (LH) were measured from daily fasting blood samples; HOMA-IR, HOMA-β and QUICKI were calculated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Insulin sensitivity was higher following three nights of sleep extension compared to sustained sleep restriction. Fasting insulin, c-peptide, HOMA-IR, HOMA-β, leptin and PYY decreased with 'catch-up' sleep, QUICKI and testosterone increased, while morning cortisol and LH did not change. Targeted acoustic stimuli reduced SWS by 23%, but did not alter insulin sensitivity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Three nights of 'catch-up' sleep improved insulin sensitivity in men with chronic, repetitive sleep restriction. Methods to improve metabolic health by optimizing sleep are plausible.
authors: NHMRC Centre for Integrated Research and Understanding of Sleep, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.|Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
authors: Roo
authors: R
authors: Killick
authors: NHMRC Centre for Integrated Research and Understanding of Sleep, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.|Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
authors: Camilla M
authors: CM
authors: Hoyos
authors: NHMRC Centre for Integrated Research and Understanding of Sleep, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.|Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
authors: Kerri L
authors: KL
authors: Melehan
authors: NHMRC Centre for Integrated Research and Understanding of Sleep, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
authors: George C
authors: GC
authors: Dungan
authors: NHMRC Centre for Integrated Research and Understanding of Sleep, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
authors: Jonathon
authors: J
authors: Poh
authors: NHMRC Centre for Integrated Research and Understanding of Sleep, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.|Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.|Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center and David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Torrance, CA, USA.
authors: Peter Y
authors: PY
authors: Liu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002096:C-Peptide / Q000097:blood; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D054439:Ghrelin / Q000097:blood; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000097:blood; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D020738:Leptin / Q000097:blood; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D019894:Peptide YY / Q000097:blood; D012890:Sleep / Q000502:physiology*; D012892:Sleep Deprivation / Q000097:blood*; D013739:Testosterone / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D002096:C-Peptide; D054439:Ghrelin; D007328:Insulin; D020738:Leptin; D019894:Peptide YY; D013739:Testosterone; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone; D006854:Hydrocortisone