title: MTBDRplus results correlate with treatment outcome in previously treated tuberculosis patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although MTBDRplus is validated for the detection of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB), its role in the assessment of treatment outcome is less clear. We evaluated the association of MTBDRplus results with treatment outcome in new and previously treated patients in an endemic setting in China and determined factors associated with poor treatment outcomes.
  
  
  METHODS
  We prospectively enrolled 298 smear-positive pulmonary TB patients who received the World Health Organization recommended initial treatment regimen or retreatment regimen. MTBDRplus was compared with conventional drug susceptibility testing and DNA sequencing for the detection of MDR-TB. Treatment responses were monitored using sputum smear, culture and chest radiography.
  
  
  RESULTS
  MTBDRplus successfully identified all MDR-TB and had good concordance with sequencing. MDR-TB rates were low among new patients (4/187, 2.1%), but high in previously treated patients (12/28, 42.9%); 65.2% (15/23) of previously treated cases and 17.1% (27/158) of new cases were unsuccessfully treated (P < 0.001). Seven of eight (87.5%) previously treated MDR-TB patients failed the retreatment regimen. In addition to drug resistance, sputum smear positivity at week 8 and cavitation are associated with treatment failure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Not only did MTBDRplus correctly identify all MDR-TB cases, MTBDRplus results are also associated with treatment outcomes in previously treated patients. The retreatment regimen should no longer be used; treatment should be guided by molecular testing.
authors: Department of Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
authors: F-L
authors: FL
authors: Huang
authors: Department of Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
authors: J-L
authors: JL
authors: Jin
authors: Department of Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Chen
authors: Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhuji People's Hospital, Zhejiang, China.
authors: Z
authors: Z
authors: Zhou
authors: Department of Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
authors: N
authors: N
authors: Diao
authors: Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhuji People's Hospital, Zhejiang, China.
authors: H-Q
authors: HQ
authors: Huang
authors: Department of Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
authors: W
authors: W
authors: Liu
authors: Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhuji People's Hospital, Zhejiang, China.
authors: Q
authors: Q
authors: Wang
authors: Department of Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
authors: X-H
authors: XH
authors: Weng
authors: Center for TB Research, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA.
authors: R E
authors: RE
authors: Chaisson
authors: Department of Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
authors: Y
authors: Y
authors: Zhang
authors: Department of Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
authors: W-H
authors: WH
authors: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000995:Antitubercular Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D024901:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; D005260:Female; D060005:Genotyping Techniques; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D025202:Molecular Diagnostic Techniques; D009169:Mycobacterium tuberculosis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D011446:Prospective Studies; D019233:Retreatment; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D013183:Sputum / Q000382:microbiology; D017211:Treatment Failure; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D018088:Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy; D014397:Tuberculosis, Pulmonary / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy; D014944:World Health Organization
chemical_list: D000995:Antitubercular Agents; D004269:DNA, Bacterial