title: The effects of QuikClot Combat Gauze on hemorrhage control when used in a porcine model of lethal femoral injury.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aims of the study were to 1) determine the effectiveness of QuikClot Combat Gauze (QCG); 2) determine the arterial blood pressure at which rebleeding occurs; 3) determine how much intravenous fluid could be administered before hemorrhage reoccurred, and 4) determine the number extremity movement on rebleeding when QCG was used.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a prospective, randomized, experimental study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Adult Yorkshire pigs were randomly assigned to two groups QCG (n = 10) or control (n = 10).
  
  
  METHODS
  After the swine were anesthetized, the investigators transected the femoral artery and vein. After 1 minute of uncontrolled bleeding, QCG was placed in the wound followed by standard wound packing. The control group underwent the same procedures without QCG. After 5 minutes of firm, manual pressure, a pressure dressing was applied. Following 30 minutes, the dressings were removed and blood loss was calculated. If hemostasis occurred, phenylephrine was administered until there was rebleeding. If no bleeding, up to 5 L of IV crystalloid was administered until there was hemorrhage. If no bleeding, the extremity on the side of the hemorrhage was moved through flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction 10 times or until rebleeding occurred.
  
  
  RESULTS
  QCG compared to a control was more effective in controlling hemorrhage, withstanding increases in systolic blood pressure, more latitude in resuscitation fluid, and movement (p < 0.05).
authors: Department of the Army, Academy of Health Sciences, Fort Sam Houston, Texas.
authors: Don
authors: D
authors: Johnson
authors: Department of the Army, Academy of Health Sciences, Fort Sam Houston, Texas.
authors: Douglas M
authors: DM
authors: Westbrook
authors: Department of the Army, Academy of Health Sciences, Fort Sam Houston, Texas.
authors: Deanna
authors: D
authors: Phelps
authors: The Geneva Foundation, Tacoma, Washington.
authors: Jose
authors: J
authors: Blanco
authors: Department of the Army, Academy of Health Sciences, Fort Sam Houston, Texas.
authors: Michael
authors: M
authors: Bentley
authors: The Geneva Foundation, Tacoma, Washington.
authors: James
authors: J
authors: Burgert
authors: Veteran Anesthesia Services, PLLC, San Antonio, Texas.
authors: Brian
authors: B
authors: Gegel
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001458:Bandages; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005263:Femoral Artery / Q000293:injuries*; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006490:Hemostatics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007616:Kaolin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D006490:Hemostatics; D007616:Kaolin