title: Lithium an emerging contaminant: bioavailability, effects on protein expression, and homeostasis disruption in short-term exposure of rainbow trout.
abstract: Worldwide production of lithium (Li) has increased dramatically during the past decade, driven by the demand for high charge density batteries. Information about Li in the aquatic environment is limited. The present study was designed to explore the effects of Li in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Juvenile trout were exposed to a nominal concentration of 1.0mg Li/L in three separate exposures. Major ion concentrations were measured in brain and plasma by ion chromatography. Plasma proteins and fatty acids were measured by HPLC-MS/MS. Lithium accumulated in the brain and plasma. Arachidonic acid was elevated in plasma after 48h. Elevated concentrations of Li in brain were associated with depressed concentrations of sodium, magnesium, potassium and ammonium relative to the control. In plasma, sodium and calcium were also depressed. Several changes occurred to plasma proteins corresponding to Li exposure: inhibition of prostaglandin synthase (Ptgs2), increased expression of copper transporting ATP synthases, and Na(+)/K(+) ATPase. To our knowledge, ours is the first study to demonstrate elevated Li concentrations in fish brain, with associated effects on ion regulation.
authors: Laboratory Service Branch (LaSB), Ontario Ministry of Environment and Climate Change (MOECC), Etobicoke, ON M9P 3V6, Canada. Electronic address: victoria.tkatcheva@gmail.com.
authors: Victoria
authors: V
authors: Tkatcheva
authors: Laboratory Service Branch (LaSB), Ontario Ministry of Environment and Climate Change (MOECC), Etobicoke, ON M9P 3V6, Canada.
authors: David
authors: D
authors: Poirier
authors: Laboratory Service Branch (LaSB), Ontario Ministry of Environment and Climate Change (MOECC), Etobicoke, ON M9P 3V6, Canada.
authors: Richard
authors: R
authors: Chong-Kit
authors: Laboratory Service Branch (LaSB), Ontario Ministry of Environment and Climate Change (MOECC), Etobicoke, ON M9P 3V6, Canada.
authors: Vasile I
authors: VI
authors: Furdui
authors: Laboratory Service Branch (LaSB), Ontario Ministry of Environment and Climate Change (MOECC), Etobicoke, ON M9P 3V6, Canada.
authors: Christopher
authors: C
authors: Burr
authors: Laboratory Service Branch (LaSB), Ontario Ministry of Environment and Climate Change (MOECC), Etobicoke, ON M9P 3V6, Canada.
authors: Ray
authors: R
authors: Leger
authors: Laboratory Service Branch (LaSB), Ontario Ministry of Environment and Climate Change (MOECC), Etobicoke, ON M9P 3V6, Canada.
authors: Jaspal
authors: J
authors: Parmar
authors: Laboratory Service Branch (LaSB), Ontario Ministry of Environment and Climate Change (MOECC), Etobicoke, ON M9P 3V6, Canada.
authors: Teresa
authors: T
authors: Switzer
authors: Laboratory Service Branch (LaSB), Ontario Ministry of Environment and Climate Change (MOECC), Etobicoke, ON M9P 3V6, Canada; University of Toronto, Department of Chemistry, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada.
authors: Stefanie
authors: S
authors: Maedler
authors: Laboratory Service Branch (LaSB), Ontario Ministry of Environment and Climate Change (MOECC), Etobicoke, ON M9P 3V6, Canada; University of Toronto, Department of Chemistry, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada.
authors: Eric J
authors: EJ
authors: Reiner
authors: Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, Environment Canada, Burlington, ON L7R 4A6, Canada.
authors: James P
authors: JP
authors: Sherry
authors: Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, Environment Canada, Burlington, ON L7R 4A6, Canada.
authors: Denina B D
authors: DB
authors: Simmons
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016718:Arachidonic Acid / Q000097:blood; D001682:Biological Availability; D001774:Blood Chemical Analysis; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D005399:Fishes / Q000378:metabolism; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D006706:Homeostasis / Q000187:drug effects*; D008094:Lithium / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000633:toxicity*; D017686:Oncorhynchus mykiss / Q000502:physiology*; D000254:Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D016718:Arachidonic Acid; D008094:Lithium; D000254:Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase
keywords: Fish; HPLC–MS/MS; Lipids; Lithium; Plasma and brain cations; Proteome