title: Patterns of nasal foreign body in northeast Malaysia: A five-year experience.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to determine the common presentations and management outcomes in case of nasal foreign body.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective study was carried out over 5 years, from January 2008 to December 2012. The total number of patients was 43; maximum age was 9 years. Patient biodata, clinical presentation, type of foreign body and management outcome were obtained and analyzed from the medical records of the Universiti Sains Malaysia Hospital.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the total 43 patients, 60.5% were male and 39.5% female. The most frequent age at which nasal foreign bodies were found was 3 years (48.83%) and the least frequent age bracket was 7-9 years (2.33%). Most patients had foul smelling nasal discharge (34.88%) or were asymptomatic (34.88%); the least common presentation was nasal discomfort (2.33%). Seeds (23.26%) were the most common foreign body, followed by rubber and batteries (16.28%). In most cases (58.14%), the foreign body had been inserted into the right nostril; 39.53% were inserted into the left nostril, and 2.33% were bilateral. Foreign bodies were removed under general and local anesthesia in 53.49% and 41.86% of cases respectively; 4.65% were dislodged spontaneously.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Nasal foreign bodies are encountered daily in our routine clinical practice in the pediatric age group. General anesthesia is required in uncooperative agitated patients to avoid complications.
authors: Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, Universiti Sains Malaysia, School of Medical Sciences, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.
authors: A A
authors: AA
authors: Yaroko
authors: Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, Universiti Sains Malaysia, School of Medical Sciences, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia. Electronic address: baharudin@usm.my.
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Baharudin
mesh_terms: D058070:Asymptomatic Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005547:Foreign Bodies / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D008296:Malaysia / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D009666:Nose; D009812:Odorants; D012189:Retrospective Studies
keywords: Foreign body; General anesthesia; Nose; Pediatrics