title: Induction of apoptosis by ethanolic extract of mango peel and comparative analysis of the chemical constitutes of mango peel and flesh.
abstract: The underlying mechanisms of the anticancer activity of the ethanolic extract of mango peel (EEMP) and its constituents were investigated. EEMP induced death of human cervical carcinoma HeLa cells through apoptosis, as evidenced by the increased cell population in the sub-G1 phase and the appearance of fragmented nuclei. Treatment of the cells with EEMP also downregulated anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 expression, resulting in the proteolytic activation of caspase-3, 7, 8, and 9 and the degradation of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) protein. The major components of mango peel were identified by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionisation tandem mass spectrometry and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Our data suggest that EEMP is an excellent source of quercetin 3-O-galactoside, mangiferin gallate, isomangiferin gallate, quercetin-3-O-arabinopyranoside, and mangiferin along with unsaturated fatty acids oleic acid, linoleic acid, and ethyl linoleate, which may help to prevent cervical cancer and may be a useful agent for the treatment of some other malignancies.
authors: Faculty of Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Sciences, Jeju National University, 66 Jejudaehakno, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea.
authors: Hyeonji
authors: H
authors: Kim
authors: Faculty of Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Sciences, Jeju National University, 66 Jejudaehakno, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea.
authors: Hana
authors: H
authors: Kim
authors: Institute of Biological Sciences, Rajshahi University, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh.
authors: Ashik
authors: A
authors: Mosaddik
authors: Subtropical Horticulture Research Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea.
authors: Rajendra
authors: R
authors: Gyawali
authors: Department of Oriental Pathology, College of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 1 Hoegi-Dong Dongdaemun-Gu, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: ksahn@khu.ac.kr.
authors: Kwang Seok
authors: KS
authors: Ahn
authors: Faculty of Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Sciences, Jeju National University, 66 Jejudaehakno, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea; Subtropical Horticulture Research Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: phd.kim.somi@korea.com.
authors: Somi Kim
authors: SK
authors: Cho
mesh_terms: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D000431:Ethanol / Q000737:chemistry; D005260:Female; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D031022:Mangifera / Q000737:chemistry*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D010936:Plant Extracts; D000431:Ethanol
keywords: Apoptosis; Human cervical carcinoma HeLa cell; Mango peel; Phytochemicals