title: Influence of maternal overnutrition and gestational diabetes on the programming of metabolic health outcomes in the offspring: experimental evidence.
abstract: The incidence of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus have risen across the world during the past few decades and has also reached an alarming level among children. In addition, women are currently more likely than ever to enter pregnancy obese. As a result, the incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus is also on the rise. While diet and lifestyle contribute to these trends, population health data show that maternal obesity and diabetes during pregnancy during critical stages of development are major factors that contribute to the development of chronic disease in adolescent and adult offspring. Fetal programming of metabolic function, through physiological and (or) epigenetic mechanisms, may also have an intergenerational effect, and as a result may perpetuate metabolic disorders in the next generation. In this review, we summarize the existing literature that characterizes how maternal obesity and gestational diabetes mellitus contribute to metabolic and cardiovascular disorders in the offspring. In particular, we focus on animal studies that investigate the molecular mechanisms that are programmed by the gestational environment and lead to disease phenotypes in the offspring. We also review interventional studies that prevent disease with a developmental origin in the offspring.
authors: University of Manitoba, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, 715 McDermot Avenue, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada.|University of Manitoba, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, 715 McDermot Avenue, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada.
authors: Troy J
authors: TJ
authors: Pereira
authors: University of Manitoba, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, 715 McDermot Avenue, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada.|University of Manitoba, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, 715 McDermot Avenue, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada.
authors: Brittany L
authors: BL
authors: Moyce
authors: University of Manitoba, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, 715 McDermot Avenue, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada.|University of Manitoba, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, 715 McDermot Avenue, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada.
authors: Stephanie M
authors: SM
authors: Kereliuk
authors: University of Manitoba, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, 715 McDermot Avenue, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada.|University of Manitoba, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, 715 McDermot Avenue, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada.
authors: Vernon W
authors: VW
authors: Dolinsky
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000378:metabolism*; D016640:Diabetes, Gestational / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D009765:Obesity / Q000378:metabolism*; D044343:Overnutrition / Q000378:metabolism*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects / Q000378:metabolism*
keywords: children; diabète sucré de type 2; diabète sucré gestationnel; enfants; gestational diabetes mellitus; obesity; obésité; type 2 diabetes mellitus