title: A new technique for online measurement of total and water-soluble copper (Cu) in coarse particulate matter (PM).
abstract: This study presents a novel system for online, field measurement of copper (Cu) in ambient coarse (2.5-10 μm) particulate matter (PM). This new system utilizes two virtual impactors combined with a modified liquid impinger (BioSampler) to collect coarse PM directly as concentrated slurry samples. The total and water-soluble Cu concentrations are subsequently measured by a copper Ion Selective Electrode (ISE). Laboratory evaluation results indicated excellent collection efficiency (over 85%) for particles in the coarse PM size ranges. In the field evaluations, very good agreements for both total and water-soluble Cu concentrations were obtained between online ISE-based monitor measurements and those analyzed by means of inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Moreover, the field tests indicated that the Cu monitor could achieve near-continuous operation for at least 6 consecutive days (a time resolution of 2-4 h) without obvious shortcomings.
authors: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors: Dongbin
authors: D
authors: Wang
authors: Environmental Chemistry and Technology Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
authors: Martin M
authors: MM
authors: Shafer
authors: Environmental Chemistry and Technology Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
authors: James J
authors: JJ
authors: Schauer
authors: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA. Electronic address: sioutas@usc.edu.
authors: Constantinos
authors: C
authors: Sioutas
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D003300:Copper / Q000032:analysis*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D009862:Online Systems; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000032:analysis*; D014867:Water / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D052638:Particulate Matter; D014867:Water; D003300:Copper
keywords: Coarse PM; Copper ISE; Modified Biosampler; Online Cu measurement