title: Evaluation of prosthetic valve dysfunction with the use of echocardiography.
abstract: Prosthetic heart valves (PHVs) are classified as either mechanical or biological. Each valve type has its own risk-to-benefit ratio, unique hemodynamic profile, and Doppler findings, which are also affected by the valve size and the patient's body surface area. Transthoracic echocardiography, along with two- and three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography, including color and spectral Doppler, are each important for the comprehensive evaluation of PHVs and to identify the presence and mechanism of valve dysfunction.
authors: Roy
authors: R
authors: Beigel
authors: The Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; The Heart Institute, Sheba Medical Center, and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel.
authors: Robert J
authors: RJ
authors: Siegel
mesh_terms: D001705:Bioprosthesis; D015150:Echocardiography, Doppler; D018618:Echocardiography, Doppler, Color; D017548:Echocardiography, Transesophageal; D006349:Heart Valve Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D006350:Heart Valve Prosthesis; D019918:Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000295:instrumentation*; D006351:Heart Valves / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006801:Humans; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011474:Prosthesis Design; D011475:Prosthesis Failure; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome