title: Plasma elaidic acid level as biomarker of industrial trans fatty acids and risk of weight change: report from the EPIC study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Few epidemiological studies have examined the association between dietary trans fatty acids and weight gain, and the evidence remains inconsistent. The main objective of the study was to investigate the prospective association between biomarker of industrial trans fatty acids and change in weight within the large study European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort.
  
  
  METHODS
  Baseline plasma fatty acid concentrations were determined in a representative EPIC sample from the 23 participating EPIC centers. A total of 1,945 individuals were followed for a median of 4.9 years to monitor weight change. The association between elaidic acid level and percent change of weight was investigated using a multinomial logistic regression model, adjusted by length of follow-up, age, energy, alcohol, smoking status, physical activity, and region.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In women, doubling elaidic acid was associated with a decreased risk of weight loss (odds ratio (OR) = 0.69, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.55-0.88, p = 0.002) and a trend was observed with an increased risk of weight gain during the 5-year follow-up (OR = 1.23, 95% CI = 0.97-1.56, p = 0.082) (p-trend<.0001). In men, a trend was observed for doubling elaidic acid level and risk of weight loss (OR = 0.82, 95% CI = 0.66-1.01, p = 0.062) while no significant association was found with risk of weight gain during the 5-year follow-up (OR = 1.08, 95% CI = 0.88-1.33, p = 0.454). No association was found for saturated and cis-monounsaturated fatty acids.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data suggest that a high intake of industrial trans fatty acids may decrease the risk of weight loss, particularly in women. Prevention of obesity should consider limiting the consumption of highly processed foods, the main source of industrially-produced trans fatty acids.
authors: Nutrition and Metabolism Section, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France.
authors: Véronique
authors: V
authors: Chajès
authors: Nutrition and Metabolism Section, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France.
authors: Carine
authors: C
authors: Biessy
authors: Nutrition and Metabolism Section, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France.
authors: Pietro
authors: P
authors: Ferrari
authors: Nutrition and Metabolism Section, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France.
authors: Isabelle
authors: I
authors: Romieu
authors: Nutrition and Metabolism Section, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France.
authors: Heinz
authors: H
authors: Freisling
authors: Nutrition and Metabolism Section, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France.
authors: Inge
authors: I
authors: Huybrechts
authors: Nutrition and Metabolism Section, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France.
authors: Augustin
authors: A
authors: Scalbert
authors: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Department For Determinants of Chronic Diseases (DCD), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Social & Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors: Bas
authors: B
authors: Bueno de Mesquita
authors: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria de Palma (IdISPa) and CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Spain.
authors: Dora
authors: D
authors: Romaguera
authors: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.
authors: Marc J
authors: MJ
authors: Gunter
authors: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.
authors: Paolo
authors: P
authors: Vineis
authors: Department of Public Health, Section of Epidemiology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
authors: Camilla Plambeck
authors: CP
authors: Hansen
authors: Department of Public Health, Section of Epidemiology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
authors: Marianne Uhre
authors: MU
authors: Jakobsen
authors: INSERM, Centre for research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), U1018, Nutrition, Hormones and Women's Health team, Villejuif, France; University Paris Sud, UMRS 1018, Villejuif, France; Institute Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.
authors: Françoise
authors: F
authors: Clavel-Chapelon
authors: INSERM, Centre for research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), U1018, Nutrition, Hormones and Women's Health team, Villejuif, France; University Paris Sud, UMRS 1018, Villejuif, France; Institute Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.
authors: Guy
authors: G
authors: Fagherazzi
authors: INSERM, Centre for research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), U1018, Nutrition, Hormones and Women's Health team, Villejuif, France; University Paris Sud, UMRS 1018, Villejuif, France; Institute Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.
authors: Marie-Christine
authors: MC
authors: Boutron-Ruault
authors: The German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heildelberg, Germany.
authors: Verana
authors: V
authors: Katzke
authors: The German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heildelberg, Germany.
authors: Jasmine
authors: J
authors: Neamat-Allah
authors: Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany.
authors: Heiner
authors: H
authors: Boeing
authors: Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany.
authors: Ursula
authors: U
authors: Bachlechner
authors: Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece; Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece.
authors: Antonia
authors: A
authors: Trichopoulou
authors: Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece; Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece.
authors: Androniki
authors: A
authors: Naska
authors: Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece; Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece.
authors: Philippos
authors: P
authors: Orfanos
authors: Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, IRCCS Foundation, National Cancer Institute, Milan, Italy.
authors: Valeria
authors: V
authors: Pala
authors: Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Cancer Research and Prevention Institute-ISPO, Florence, Italy.
authors: Giovanna
authors: G
authors: Masala
authors: Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Federico II University, Naples, Italy.
authors: Amalia
authors: A
authors: Mattiello
authors: Department of Community Medicine, University of Tromsø-The Arctic University of Norway, Norway.
authors: Guri
authors: G
authors: Skeie
authors: Department of Community Medicine, University of Tromsø-The Arctic University of Norway, Norway.
authors: Elisabete
authors: E
authors: Weiderpass
authors: Unit of Nutrition, Environment, and Cancer, Catalan Institute of Oncology-ICO, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
authors: Antonio
authors: A
authors: Agudo
authors: Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Regional Health Council, Murcia, Spain; CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health CIBERESP, Spain.
authors: Jose Maria
authors: JM
authors: Huerta
authors: CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health CIBERESP, Spain; Navarre Public Health Institute, Pamplona, Spain.
authors: Eva
authors: E
authors: Ardanaz
authors: CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health CIBERESP, Spain; Andalusian School of Public Health, Granada, Spain.
authors: Maria Jose
authors: MJ
authors: Sánchez
authors: Public health Direction and Biodonostia- CIBERESP, Basque Regional Health Department, San Sebastian, Spain.
authors: Miren
authors: M
authors: Dorronsoro
authors: Public Health Directorate, Asturias, Spain.
authors: Jose Ramon
authors: JR
authors: Quirós
authors: Department of odontology, Umeå University, Sweden.
authors: Ingegerd
authors: I
authors: Johansson
authors: Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
authors: Anna
authors: A
authors: Winkvist
authors: Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Nutrition Epidemiology, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.
authors: Emily
authors: E
authors: Sonested
authors: The Cancer Epidemiology Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
authors: Tim
authors: T
authors: Key
authors: Clinical Gerontology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom.
authors: Kay-Tee
authors: KT
authors: Khaw
authors: MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
authors: Nicolas J
authors: NJ
authors: Wareham
authors: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors: Petra H M
authors: PH
authors: Peeters
authors: Nutrition and Metabolism Section, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France.
authors: Nadia
authors: N
authors: Slimani
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers; D001835:Body Weight; D005060:Europe; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009765:Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D019301:Oleic Acid / Q000097:blood*; D009829:Oleic Acids; D011446:Prospective Studies; D062486:Public Health Surveillance; D012306:Risk; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D044242:Trans Fatty Acids / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D009829:Oleic Acids; D044242:Trans Fatty Acids; D019301:Oleic Acid; C011459:elaidic acid