title: Structural stability and sustained release of protein from a multilayer nanofiber/nanoparticle composite.
abstract: The cellular microenvironment can be engineered through the utilization of various nano-patterns and matrix-loaded bioactive molecules. In this study, a multilayer system of electrospun scaffold containing chitosan nanoparticles was introduced to overcome the common problems of instability and burst release of proteins from nanofibrous scaffolds. Bovine serum albumin (BSA)-loaded chitosan nanoparticles was fabricated based on ionic gelation interaction between chitosan and sodium tripolyphosphate. Suspension electrospinning was employed to fabricate poly-ɛ-caprolacton (PCL) containing protein-loaded chitosan nanoparticles with a core-shell structure. To obtain the desired scaffold mechanical properties with enough elasticity for expansion and contraction, a hybrid mono and multilayer electrospun scaffold was fabricated using PCL containing protein-loaded chitosan nanoparticles and poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA). According to the BSA release profile, the multi-layered structure of nanofibers with two barrier layers provided a programmable release pattern of the loaded protein. Moreover, sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and circular dichroism spectra results showed that the electrospinning process had no significant effect on the primary and secondary structure of the protein. The results indicated a desirable biocompatibility and mechanical cues of the multilayer nanofibrous scaffolds supporting structural stability and controlled release of the protein, which can offer diverse applications in hollow organ tissue engineering.
authors: Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran 11365-8639, Iran; Department of Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering, Stem Cell Technology Research Center, Tehran 1997775555, Iran.
authors: Saeid
authors: S
authors: Vakilian
authors: Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran 11365-8639, Iran. Electronic address: mashayekhan@sharif.edu.
authors: Shohreh
authors: S
authors: Mashayekhan
authors: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran 15875-4413, Iran.
authors: Iman
authors: I
authors: Shabani
authors: Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Science, Birjand 97175-379, Iran.
authors: Mohsen
authors: M
authors: Khorashadizadeh
authors: Systems and Synthetic Biology Group, Mede Bioeconomy Company, Tehran 1123212398, Iran.
authors: Ali
authors: A
authors: Fallah
authors: Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 14115-111, Iran. Electronic address: soleim_m@modares.ac.ir.
authors: Masoud
authors: M
authors: Soleimani
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D002465:Cell Movement; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002470:Cell Survival; D002942:Circular Dichroism; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D000067493:Dynamic Light Scattering; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D006801:Humans; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D055595:Mechanical Phenomena; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D008970:Molecular Weight; D057139:Nanofibers / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D011091:Polyesters / Q000737:chemistry; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry; D017433:Protein Structure, Secondary; D012710:Serum Albumin, Bovine / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D013718:Tensile Strength; D013818:Thermogravimetry; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D011091:Polyesters; D011108:Polymers; C016240:polycaprolactone; D012710:Serum Albumin, Bovine; D019344:Lactic Acid; C033616:poly(lactide)
keywords: Multilayer scaffold; Protein structural stability; Sustained release