title: Effect of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on peripheral nerve regeneration using fibrin glue derived from snake venom.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to assess whether the adhesive permits the collateral repair of axons originating from a vagus nerve to the interior of a sural nerve graft, and whether low-level laser therapy (LLLT) assists in the regeneration process.
  
  
  METHODS
  Study sample consisted of 32 rats randomly separated into three groups: Control Group (CG; n=8), from which the intact sural nerve was collected; Experimental Group (EG; n=12), in which one of the ends of the sural nerve graft was coapted to the vagus nerve using the fibrin glue; and Experimental Group Laser (EGL; n=12), in which the animals underwent the same procedures as those in EG with the addition of LLLT. Ten weeks after surgery, the animals were euthanized. Morphological analysis by means of optical and electron microscopy, and morphometry of the regenerated fibers were employed to evaluate the results.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Collateral regeneration of axons was observed from the vagus nerve to the interior of the autologous graft in EG and EGL, and in CG all dimensions measured were greater and presented a significant difference in relation to EG and EGL, except for the area and thickness of the myelin sheath, that showed significant difference only in relation to the EG.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study demonstrated that the fibrin glue makes axonal regeneration feasible and is an efficient method to recover injured peripheral nerves, and the use of low-level laser therapy enhances nerve regeneration.
authors: Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of Sao Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil. Electronic address: rogerio@fob.usp.br.
authors: Rogerio Leone
authors: RL
authors: Buchaim
authors: Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of Sao Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil.
authors: Jesus Carlos
authors: JC
authors: Andreo
authors: The Center for the Study of Venoms and Venomous Animals, UNESP, Botucatu, SP, Brazil.
authors: Benedito
authors: B
authors: Barraviera
authors: The Center for the Study of Venoms and Venomous Animals, UNESP, Botucatu, SP, Brazil.
authors: Rui Seabra
authors: RS
authors: Ferreira Junior
authors: Faculty of Medicine, University of Marilia, Marilia, SP, Brazil.
authors: Daniela Vieira
authors: DV
authors: Buchaim
authors: University of the Sacred Heart, Bauru, SP, Brazil.
authors: Geraldo Marco
authors: GM
authors: Rosa Junior
authors: Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, Physiology and Biophysics-Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil.
authors: Alexandre Leite Rodrigues
authors: AL
authors: de Oliveira
authors: Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of Sao Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil.
authors: Antonio
authors: A
authors: de Castro Rodrigues
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015718:Fibrin Tissue Adhesive / Q000494:pharmacology*; D028022:Low-Level Light Therapy; D008297:Male; D008866:Microsurgery; D009416:Nerve Regeneration / Q000502:physiology*; D010525:Peripheral Nerves; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012038:Regeneration; D012910:Snake Venoms / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013497:Sural Nerve / Q000473:pathology*; D014630:Vagus Nerve / Q000473:pathology*; D014945:Wound Healing
chemical_list: D015718:Fibrin Tissue Adhesive; D012910:Snake Venoms
keywords: Fibrin glue; Low-level laser therapy; Nerve regeneration; Peripheral nerve injury; Sural nerve; Vagus nerve