title: Agreement between video footage and fall incident reports on the circumstances of falls in long-term care.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Incident reports guide fall prevention efforts in long-term care (LTC) facilities, often based on descriptions of how falls occurred. The validity of these reports is poorly understood. We examined agreement on fall characteristics between fall incident reports and analysis of video footage of real-life falls in LTC.
  
  
  METHODS
  Video capture of 863 falls (by 309 individuals) over 6 years in common areas of 2 LTC facilities in British Columbia.
  
  
  METHODS
  We reviewed each fall video with a previously validated questionnaire to determine the cause of imbalance leading to the fall, activity at the time of falling, and use of mobility aids. These data were compared with corresponding information recorded by staff on fall incident reports.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was agreement between video analysis and incident reports on the cause of imbalance in 45.5% of falls (kappa = 0.25), on activity at time of falling in 45.1% of falls (kappa = 0.22), and on use of mobility aids in 79.5% of falls (kappa = 0.59). When compared with video analysis, incident reports overreported falls due to slips, and falling while rising and while using a wheelchair or walker. Incident reports also underreported falls due to hit/bump and loss-of-support, and falling while standing and sitting down.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In more than 50% of falls, we found discrepancies between fall incident reports and analysis of video footage on the cause of imbalance and activity while falling. Emerging technologies incorporating video capture or wearable sensors should improve our ability to understand the mechanisms and improve the prevention of falls in LTC.
authors: Technology for Injury Prevention in Seniors (TIPS) Program, Injury Prevention and Mobility Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada. Electronic address: yijiany@sfu.ca.
authors: Yijian
authors: Y
authors: Yang
authors: Technology for Injury Prevention in Seniors (TIPS) Program, Injury Prevention and Mobility Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada; Seniors Fall and Injury Prevention, Older Adult Program, Fraser Health Authority, Surrey, BC, Canada.
authors: Fabio
authors: F
authors: Feldman
authors: Technology for Injury Prevention in Seniors (TIPS) Program, Injury Prevention and Mobility Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada; Seniors Fall and Injury Prevention, Older Adult Program, Fraser Health Authority, Surrey, BC, Canada.
authors: Pet Ming
authors: PM
authors: Leung
authors: BC Injury Research and Prevention Unit and BC Ministry of Health, Vancouver, BC, Canada; School of Population and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
authors: Vicky
authors: V
authors: Scott
authors: Technology for Injury Prevention in Seniors (TIPS) Program, Injury Prevention and Mobility Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada; School of Engineering Science, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada.
authors: Stephen N
authors: SN
authors: Robinovitch
mesh_terms: D000058:Accidental Falls / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D000368:Aged; D001955:British Columbia; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008134:Long-Term Care; D008297:Male; D009735:Nursing Homes / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012308:Risk Management / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D017751:Safety Management / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D014741:Video Recording / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*
keywords: Long-term care (LTC); circumstances of falls; fall incident reports; video analysis