title: Pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management of ulcerative proctitis, chronic radiation proctopathy, and diversion proctitis.
abstract: Chronic proctitis refers to persistent or relapsing inflammation of the rectum, which results from a wide range of etiologies with various pathogenic mechanisms. The patients may share similar clinical presentations. Ulcerative proctitis, chronic radiation proctitis or proctopathy, and diversion proctitis are the 3 most common forms of chronic proctitis. Although the diagnosis of these disease entities may be straightforward in the most instances based on the clinical history, endoscopic, and histologic features, differential diagnosis may sometimes become problematic, especially when their etiologies and the disease processes overlap. The treatment for the 3 forms of chronic proctitis is different, which may shed some lights on their pathogenetic pathway. This article provides an overview of the latest data on the clinical features, etiologies, diagnosis, and management of ulcerative proctitis, chronic radiation proctopathy, and diversion proctitis.
authors: *Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; †Department of Anatomic Pathology, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio; ‡Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, North Shore University Hospital-Long Island Jewish Medical Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York; and §Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio.
authors: Xian-rui
authors: XR
authors: Wu
authors: Xiu-li
authors: XL
authors: Liu
authors: Seymour
authors: S
authors: Katz
authors: Bo
authors: B
authors: Shen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002908:Chronic Disease; D019468:Disease Management; D006801:Humans; D011349:Proctitis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011832:Radiation Injuries / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011878:Radiotherapy / Q000009:adverse effects*