title: Qing Dai attenuates nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug-induced mitochondrial reactive oxygen species in gastrointestinal epithelial cells.
abstract: Treatments with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have increased the number of patients with gastrointestinal complications. Qing Dai has been traditionally used in Chinese herbal medicine for various inflammatory diseases such as ulcerative colitis. We previously reported that Qing Dai suppressed inflammations by scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS) in ulcerative colitis patients. Thus, Qing Dai can attenuate the production of ROS, which play an important role in NSAID-induced gastrointestinal injuries. In this study, we aimed to elucidate whether Qing Dai decreased mitochondrial ROS production in NSAID-treated gastrointestinal cells by examining cellular injury, mitochondrial membrane potentials, and ROS production with specific fluorescent indicators. We also performed electron paramagnetic resonance measurement in isolated mitochondria with a spin-trapping reagent (CYPMPO or DMPO). Treatments with indomethacin and aspirin induced cellular injury and mitochondrial impairment in the gastrointestinal cells. Under these conditions, mitochondrial alterations were observed on electron microscopy. Qing Dai prevented these complications by suppressing ROS production in gastrointestinal cells. These results indicate that Qing Dai attenuated the ROS production from the NSAID-induced mitochondrial alteration in the gastrointestinal epithelial cells. Qing Dai treatment may be considered effective for the prevention NSAID-induced gastrointestinal injury.
authors: Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Ten-nohdai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan.
authors: Rie
authors: R
authors: Saito
authors: Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Ten-nohdai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan.
authors: Masato
authors: M
authors: Tamura
authors: Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Ten-nohdai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan.
authors: Hirofumi
authors: H
authors: Matsui
authors: Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Ten-nohdai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan.
authors: Yumiko
authors: Y
authors: Nagano
authors: Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Ten-nohdai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan.
authors: Hideo
authors: H
authors: Suzuki
authors: Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Ten-nohdai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan.
authors: Tsuyoshi
authors: T
authors: Kaneko
authors: Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Ten-nohdai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan.
authors: Yuji
authors: Y
authors: Mizokami
authors: Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Ten-nohdai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan.
authors: Ichinosuke
authors: I
authors: Hyodo
keywords: NSAIDs; Qing Dai; ROS; gastrointestinal injury; mitochondria