title: Lack of evidence for progression of atherosclerosis during puberty in type 1 diabetes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Children with type 1 diabetes have early changes in vascular structure with increased aortic intima-media thickness (aIMT) or carotid IMT (cIMT). aIMT may be an earlier, more sensitive marker; however, longitudinal data in type 1 diabetes are lacking. This study will aim to evaluate changes in vascular structure (aIMT and cIMT) over 2 yr during puberty in children with type 1 diabetes and compare them with those in healthy children.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 110 children (aged 10-18 yr, 55 males) participated in a prospective cohort study, including 77 children with type 1 diabetes and 33 age- and sex-matched healthy children. Ultrasound assessments of aIMT and cIMT; and clinical and biochemical data were collected at baseline and 2 yr later.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean and maximal aIMT or cIMT did not worsen over time in children with type 1 diabetes compared with healthy children. Longer duration of diabetes related to an increase in aIMT. Improvement in HDL cholesterol and leptin related to a decrease in aIMT. Higher baseline IMT related to an improvement in IMT in children with type 1 diabetes (mean and maximal aIMT: β = -0.52, p < 0.001; β = -0.49, p = 0.001, and mean and maximal cIMT: β = -0.36, p = 0.003; β = -0.40, p = 0.001), independent of cardiovascular risk factors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Aortic and carotid IMT does not deteriorate during puberty in children with type 1 diabetes. This has implications for the design of interventional studies in this important age group.
authors: Robinson Research Institute and Discipline of Paediatrics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, 5006, Australia.|Endocrinology and Diabetes Centre, Women's and Children's Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, 5006, Australia.
authors: Alexia S
authors: AS
authors: Peña
authors: Endocrinology and Diabetes Centre, Women's and Children's Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, 5006, Australia.
authors: Oana
authors: O
authors: Maftei
authors: Endocrinology and Diabetes Centre, Women's and Children's Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, 5006, Australia.
authors: Jennifer
authors: J
authors: Harrington
authors: Robinson Research Institute and Discipline of Paediatrics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, 5006, Australia.|Endocrinology and Diabetes Centre, Women's and Children's Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, 5006, Australia.
authors: Jemma
authors: J
authors: Anderson
authors: Endocrinology and Diabetes Centre, Women's and Children's Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, 5006, Australia.
authors: Craig
authors: C
authors: Hirte
authors: Medical Imaging, Women's and Children's Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, 5006, Australia.
authors: Roger
authors: R
authors: Gent
authors: Robinson Research Institute and Discipline of Paediatrics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, 5006, Australia.|Endocrinology and Diabetes Centre, Women's and Children's Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, 5006, Australia.
authors: Jennifer
authors: J
authors: Couper
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D059168:Carotid Intima-Media Thickness; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000150:complications*; D003925:Diabetic Angiopathies / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies
keywords: aIMT; children; type 1 diabetes