title: Human-derived natural antibodies: biomarkers and potential therapeutics.
abstract: The immune system generates antibodies and antigen-specific T-cells as basic elements of the immune networks that differentiate self from non-self in a finely tuned manner. The antigen-specific nature of immune responses ensures that normal immune activation contains non-self when tolerating self. Here we review the B-1 subset of lymphocytes which produce self-reactive antibodies. By analyzing the IgM class of natural antibodies that recognize antigens from the nervous system, we emphasize that natural antibodies are biomarkers of how the immune system monitors the host. The immune response activated against self can be detrimental when triggered in an autoimmune genetic background. In contrast, tuning immune activity with natural antibodies is a potential therapeutic strategy.
authors: Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
authors: Xiaohua
authors: X
authors: Xu
authors: School of Clinical Medicine, University Of Cambridge, Hills Rd, Cambridge CB2 0SP, UK.
authors: Sher May
authors: SM
authors: Ng
authors: Department of General Medicine, Charles University Hradec Kralove Faculty, Prague, Czech Republic.
authors: Eamonn
authors: E
authors: Hassouna
authors: Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
authors: Arthur
authors: A
authors: Warrington
authors: Laboratory of Nanostructures & Biosensing, Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA ; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
authors: Sang-Hyun
authors: SH
authors: Oh
authors: Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA ; Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
authors: Moses
authors: M
authors: Rodriguez
keywords: B-1 cell; CNS inflammation; T-cell activation; autoimmunity; natural auto-antibody