title: Leucine-rich amelogenin peptide (LRAP) as a surface primer for biomimetic remineralization of superficial enamel defects: An in vitro study.
abstract: This study was carried out to obtain more information about the assembly of hydroxyapatite bundles formed in the presence of Leucine-Rich Amelogenin Peptide (LRAP) and to evaluate its effect on the remineralization of enamel defects through a biomimetic approach. One or 2 mg/mL LRAP solutions containing 2.5 mM of Ca(+2) and 1.5 mM phosphate were prepared (pH = 7.2) and stored at 37 °C for 24 h. The products of the reaction were studied using atomic force microscopy (AFM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and selected area electron diffraction (SAED). Vickers surface microhardness recovery (SMR%) of acid-etched bovine enamel, with or without LRAP surface treatment, were calculated to evaluate the influence of peptide on the lesion remineralization. Distilled water and 1 or 2 mg/mL LRAP solution (pH = 7.2) were applied on the lesions and the specimens were incubated in mineralization solution (2.5mM Ca(+2) , 1.5mM PO4 (-3) , pH = 7.2) for 24 h. One-way ANOVA and Tukey's multi-comparison tests were used for statistical analysis. The pattern of enamel surface repair was studied using FE-SEM. AFM showed the formation of highly organized hierarchical structures, composed of hydroxyapatite (HA) crystals, similar to the dental enamel microstructure. ANOVA procedure showed significant effect of peptide treatment on the calculated SMR% (p < 0.001). Tukey's test revealed that peptide treated groups had significantly higher values of SMR%. In conclusion, LRAP is able to regulate the formation of HA and enhances the remineralization of acid-etched enamel as a surface treatment agent.
authors: Department of Dental Biomaterials, School of Dentistry/Research Center for Science and Technology in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Northern Kargar str., Hakim Highway, Tehran, Iran.
authors: Farhad
authors: F
authors: Shafiei
authors: Department of Dental Biomaterials, School of Dentistry/Research Center for Science and Technology in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Northern Kargar str., Hakim Highway, Tehran, Iran.
authors: Bagheri G
authors: BG
authors: Hossein
authors: Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Medicine/Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Hemmat Highway, Tehran, Iran.
authors: Mohammad M
authors: MM
authors: Farajollahi
authors: Faculty of Biomedical Engineering (Center of Excellence), Amirkabir University of Technology, Biomaterials Group, Amirkabir University of Technology, Hafez str., Tehran, Iran.
authors: Moztarzadeh
authors: M
authors: Fathollah
authors: Department of Dental Biomaterials, School of Dentistry/Research Center for Science and Technology in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Northern Kargar str., Hakim Highway, Tehran, Iran.
authors: Behroozibakhsh
authors: B
authors: Marjan
authors: Department of Dental Biomaterials, School of Dentistry, Iranian Tissue Bank & Research Center, Research Center for Science and Technology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Northern Kargar str., Hakim Highway, Tehran, Iran.
authors: Jafarzadeh Kashi
authors: JK
authors: Tahereh
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002113:Calcification, Physiologic; D002417:Cattle; D003743:Dental Enamel / Q000378:metabolism*; D003746:Dental Enamel Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D017886:Durapatite / Q000378:metabolism*; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D018625:Microscopy, Atomic Force; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D013696:Temperature; D013995:Time
chemical_list: D003746:Dental Enamel Proteins; C067432:leucine-rich amelogenin peptide; D017886:Durapatite
keywords: LRAP; atomic force microscopy; biomimetic; enamel; remineralization