title: Multiple cardiometabolic risk factors in the Southern Cone of Latin America: a population-based study in Argentina, Chile, and Uruguay.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cardiovascular disease is a major cause of death, and its mortality is increasing in Latin America. However, population-based data on cardiovascular disease risk factors are sparse in these countries.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 7524 men and women, aged 35 to 74 years old, were recruited between February 2010 and December 2011 from randomly selected samples in 4 cities (Bariloche and Marcos Paz, Argentina; Temuco, Chile; and Pando-Barros Blancos, Uruguay) in the Southern Cone of Latin America. Cardiovascular risk factors were measured using standard methods by trained and certified observers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Approximately 85.5% of adults ate less than five servings of fruit or vegetables per day, 35.2% engaged in low physical activity, and 29.7% currently smoked cigarettes. The prevalences of obesity, central obesity, hypertension, chronic kidney disease, dyslipidemia, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome were 35.7%, 52.9%, 40.8%, 2.0%, 58.4%, 12.4%, and 37.4%, respectively. The proportion of individuals with ≥3 cardiovascular risk factors, including low intake of fruit and vegetables, low physical activity, current cigarette smoking, obesity or central obesity, hypertension, chronic kidney disease, dyslipidemia, and diabetes, was 68.3%, and the proportion of individuals with ≥3 cardiometabolic risk factors, including obesity or central obesity, hypertension, chronic kidney disease, dyslipidemia, and diabetes, was 22.9%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cardiovascular disease risk factors are highly prevalent in the general population in the Southern Cone of Latin America. These data suggest that national efforts on the prevention, treatment, and control of cardiovascular risk factors should be a public health priority in the Southern Cone of Latin America.
authors: Southern Cone American Center of Excellence for Cardiovascular Health, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
authors: Adolfo L
authors: AL
authors: Rubinstein
authors: Southern Cone American Center of Excellence for Cardiovascular Health, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
authors: Vilma E
authors: VE
authors: Irazola
authors: Sanatorio San Carlos, Bariloche, Pcia. de Río Negro, Argentina.
authors: Matias
authors: M
authors: Calandrelli
authors: Southern Cone American Center of Excellence for Cardiovascular Health, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
authors: Natalia
authors: N
authors: Elorriaga
authors: Southern Cone American Center of Excellence for Cardiovascular Health, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
authors: Laura
authors: L
authors: Gutierrez
authors: Universidad de La Frontera, CIGES, Temuco, Chile.
authors: Fernando
authors: F
authors: Lanas
authors: School of Medicine, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.
authors: Jose A
authors: JA
authors: Manfredi
authors: Municipalidad de Marcos Paz, Pcia. de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
authors: Nora
authors: N
authors: Mores
authors: Municipalidad de Marcos Paz, Pcia. de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
authors: Hector
authors: H
authors: Olivera
authors: Southern Cone American Center of Excellence for Cardiovascular Health, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
authors: Rosana
authors: R
authors: Poggio
authors: School of Medicine, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.
authors: Jacqueline
authors: J
authors: Ponzo
authors: Universidad de La Frontera, CIGES, Temuco, Chile.
authors: Pamela
authors: P
authors: Seron
authors: Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA.
authors: Chung-Shiuan
authors: CS
authors: Chen
authors: Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA.
authors: Lydia A
authors: LA
authors: Bazzano
authors: Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA. Electronic address: jhe@tulane.edu.
authors: Jiang
authors: J
authors: He
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001118:Argentina / Q000453:epidemiology; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D002677:Chile / Q000453:epidemiology; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D015438:Health Behavior; D006801:Humans; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D014583:Uruguay / Q000453:epidemiology
keywords: Cardiovascular disease; Diabetes; Dyslipidemia; Hypertension; Obesity; Risk factors