title: Ginkgo biloba extracts attenuate lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory responses in acute lung injury by inhibiting the COX-2 and NF-κB pathways.
abstract: In the present study, we analyzed the role of Ginkgo biloba extract in lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced acute lung injury (ALI). ALI was induced in mice by intratracheal instillation of LPS. G. biloba extract (12 and 24 mg·kg(-1)) and dexamethasone (2 mg·kg(-1)), as a positive control, were given by i.p. injection. The cells in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were counted. The degree of animal lung edema was evaluated by measuring the wet/dry weight ratio. The superoxidase dismutase (SOD) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activities were assayed by SOD and MPO kits, respectively. The levels of inflammatory mediators, tumor necrosis factor-a, interleukin-1b, and interleukin-6, were assayed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Pathological changes of lung tissues were observed by H&E staining. The levels of NF-κB p65 and COX-2 expression were detected by Western blotting. Compared to the LPS group, the treatment with the G. biloba extract at 12 and 24 mg·kg(-1) markedly attenuated the inflammatory cell numbers in the BALF, decreased NF-κB p65 and COX-2 expression, and improved SOD activity, and inhibited MPO activity. The histological changes of the lungs were also significantly improved. The results indicated that G. biloba extract has a protective effect on LPS-induced acute lung injury in mice. The protective mechanism of G. biloba extract may be partly attributed to the inhibition of NF-κB p65 and COX-2 activation.
authors: Department of Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China.
authors: Xin
authors: X
authors: Yao
authors: Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215000, China.
authors: Nan
authors: N
authors: Chen
authors: Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
authors: Chun-Hua
authors: CH
authors: Ma
authors: Department of Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China.
authors: Jing
authors: J
authors: Tao
authors: Department of Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China.
authors: Jian-An
authors: JA
authors: Bao
authors: Department of Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China.
authors: Cheng
authors: C
authors: Zong-Qi
authors: Department of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China. Electronic address: zutaochen@163.com.
authors: Zu-Tao
authors: ZT
authors: Chen
authors: Department of Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China. Electronic address: miaolysuzhou@163.com.
authors: Li-Yan
authors: LY
authors: Miao
mesh_terms: D055371:Acute Lung Injury / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid / Q000166:cytology; D002452:Cell Count; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D020441:Ginkgo biloba / Q000737:chemistry*; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000032:analysis; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000032:analysis; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D008168:Lung / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011654:Pulmonary Edema; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D051996:Transcription Factor RelA / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D015850:Interleukin-6; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D010936:Plant Extracts; D051996:Transcription Factor RelA; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D009195:Peroxidase; C077623:Ptgs2 protein, mouse; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase
keywords: Cyclooxygenase; Ginkgo biloba extract; Lipopolysaccharide; Nuclear factor-κB