title: Distribution assessment and quantification of counterfeit melamine in powdered milk by NIR imaging methods.
abstract: This paper presents a rapid calculation method for the imaging process in the identification and quantification of prohibited additives in milk. Data abstraction methods such as principal component analysis (PCA), classical least squares regression (CLS), and alternative least squares regression (ALS) were used. Different multivariate calculations provided possibilities of quantifying near-infrared (NIR) spectral data cube obtained from the surface of the complex mixture. The results of principal component decomposition confirmed that sample mixture identification is feasible using the PCA-CCI methods. Subsequently, CLSI was used for the direct quantitative analysis of the specific component. Behaving more conveniently than PLS without modeling, CLSI can obtain quantitative information as that melamine generally distribute at the low concentration range of 0-0.5 w/w. Moreover, ALSI can quantify the target component with higher accuracy than CLSI. Standard error of residue to predicted value is 0.0838. Lack of fit is 0.0841. Explanation of variables in the mixture is 99.30%, illustrating that the selective lack of rank is insignificant. Obviously, the most intuitive distribution images are constructed by ALSI among four imaging methods.
authors: College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China; Third Class Tobacco Supervision Station, Beijing 101121, PR China.
authors: Yue
authors: Y
authors: Huang
authors: College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China.
authors: Kuangda
authors: K
authors: Tian
authors: College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China. Electronic address: orange07@126.com.
authors: Shungeng
authors: S
authors: Min
authors: College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China. Electronic address: xiongym@cau.edu.cn.
authors: Yanmei
authors: Y
authors: Xiong
authors: Third Class Tobacco Supervision Station, Beijing 101121, PR China.
authors: Guorong
authors: G
authors: Du
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003611:Dairy Products / Q000032:analysis*; D008892:Milk / Q000737:chemistry*; D011208:Powders; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D019265:Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared / Q000379:methods*; D014227:Triazines / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D011208:Powders; D014227:Triazines; C011907:melamine
keywords: Alternative least squares; Classical least squares; Melamine; Melamine (PubChem CID: 7955); Near infrared imaging; Powdered milk