title: Change in neighborhood environments and depressive symptoms in New York City: the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis.
abstract: Physical and social features of neighborhoods, such as esthetic environments and social cohesion, change over time. The extent to which changes in neighborhood conditions are associated with changes in mental health outcomes has not been well-established. Using data from the MultiEthnic Study of Atherosclerosis, this study investigated the degree to which neighborhood social cohesion, stress, violence, safety and/or the esthetic environment changed between 2002 and 2007 in 103 New York City Census tracts and the associations of these changes with changes in depressive symptoms. Neighborhoods became less stressful, more socially cohesive, safer, and less violent. White, wealthy, highly educated individuals tended to live in neighborhoods with greater decreasing violence and stress and increasing social cohesion. Individuals living in neighborhoods with adverse changes were more likely to have increased CES-D scores, although due to limited sample size associations were imprecisely estimated (P>0.05). Changes in specific features of the neighborhood environment may be associated with changes in level of depressive symptoms among residents.
authors: Prevention Research Center, Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation, 180 Grand Ave, Suite 1200, Oakland, CA 94612, USA. Electronic address: cmair@pitt.edu.
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Mair
authors: Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA. Electronic address: avd37@drexel.edu.
authors: A V
authors: AV
authors: Diez Roux
authors: Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and Bloomberg School of Public Health, 2024 E. Monument Street, Suite 2-600, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA. Electronic address: sahill@jhmi.edu.
authors: S H
authors: SH
authors: Golden
authors: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, 791 Jonestown Road, Winston-Salem, NC 27103, USA. Electronic address: srapp@wakehealth.edu.
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Rapp
authors: Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 1095 Le Conte Ave, Suite 2339, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA. Electronic address: tseeman@mednet.ucla.edu.
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Seeman
authors: Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology, Columbia University, 630 W. 168th Street PH9E, New York, NY 10032, USA. Electronic address: ss35@columbia.edu.
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Shea
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000928:Antidepressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D050197:Atherosclerosis; D003863:Depression / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009519:New York City / Q000453:epidemiology; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012111:Residence Characteristics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012449:Safety; D012931:Social Environment; D012944:Social Support; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000453:epidemiology; D014754:Violence / Q000706:statistics & numerical data* / Q000639:trends
chemical_list: D000928:Antidepressive Agents
keywords: Depression; New York City; Physical environment; Residence characteristics; Social environment