title: Rapid and body weight-independent improvement of endothelial and high-density lipoprotein function after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass: role of glucagon-like peptide-1.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) reduces body weight and cardiovascular mortality in morbidly obese patients. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) seems to mediate the metabolic benefits of RYGB partly in a weight loss-independent manner. The present study investigated in rats and patients whether obesity-induced endothelial and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) dysfunction is rapidly improved after RYGB via a GLP-1-dependent mechanism.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eight days after RYGB in diet-induced obese rats, higher plasma levels of bile acids and GLP-1 were associated with improved endothelium-dependent relaxation compared with sham-operated controls fed ad libitum and sham-operated rats that were weight matched to those undergoing RYGB. Compared with the sham-operated rats, RYGB improved nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability resulting from higher endothelial Akt/NO synthase activation, reduced c-Jun amino terminal kinase phosphorylation, and decreased oxidative stress. The protective effects of RYGB were prevented by the GLP-1 receptor antagonist exendin9-39 (10 μg·kg(-1)·h(-1)). Furthermore, in patients and rats, RYGB rapidly reversed HDL dysfunction and restored the endothelium-protective properties of the lipoprotein, including endothelial NO synthase activation, NO production, and anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic, and antioxidant effects. Finally, RYGB restored HDL-mediated cholesterol efflux capacity. To demonstrate the role of increased GLP-1 signaling, sham-operated control rats were treated for 8 days with the GLP-1 analog liraglutide (0.2 mg/kg twice daily), which restored NO bioavailability and improved endothelium-dependent relaxations and HDL endothelium-protective properties, mimicking the effects of RYGB.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  RYGB rapidly reverses obesity-induced endothelial dysfunction and restores the endothelium-protective properties of HDL via a GLP-1-mediated mechanism. The present translational findings in rats and patients unmask novel, weight-independent mechanisms of cardiovascular protection in morbid obesity.
authors: From Centre for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich and University Heart Center, Cardiology, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland (E.O., P.D., S.S., J.M., U.L., C.M.M., T.F.L.); Institute of Veterinary Physiology, University of Zurich, Switzerland (P.D., C.C., C.D., H.B., K.S., T.A.L.); Department of Surgery (M.B., D.V.) and Institute of Clinical Chemistry (L.R., R.H.), University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Université Lille 2, INSERM UMR1011, EGID, Institut Pasteur de Lille, France (S.C., A.T., B.S.); Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Switzerland (C.W.); Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, University of Padua, Italy (F.T.); State Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, LKS Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, SAR (P.M.V.); and Department of Endocrine Surgery, Lille University Hospital, France (F.P.). elena.osto@uzh.ch.
authors: Elena
authors: E
authors: Osto
authors: From Centre for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich and University Heart Center, Cardiology, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland (E.O., P.D., S.S., J.M., U.L., C.M.M., T.F.L.); Institute of Veterinary Physiology, University of Zurich, Switzerland (P.D., C.C., C.D., H.B., K.S., T.A.L.); Department of Surgery (M.B., D.V.) and Institute of Clinical Chemistry (L.R., R.H.), University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Université Lille 2, INSERM UMR1011, EGID, Institut Pasteur de Lille, France (S.C., A.T., B.S.); Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Switzerland (C.W.); Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, University of Padua, Italy (F.T.); State Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, LKS Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, SAR (P.M.V.); and Department of Endocrine Surgery, Lille University Hospital, France (F.P.).
authors: Petia
authors: P
authors: Doytcheva
authors: From Centre for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich and University Heart Center, Cardiology, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland (E.O., P.D., S.S., J.M., U.L., C.M.M., T.F.L.); Institute of Veterinary Physiology, University of Zurich, Switzerland (P.D., C.C., C.D., H.B., K.S., T.A.L.); Department of Surgery (M.B., D.V.) and Institute of Clinical Chemistry (L.R., R.H.), University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Université Lille 2, INSERM UMR1011, EGID, Institut Pasteur de Lille, France (S.C., A.T., B.S.); Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Switzerland (C.W.); Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, University of Padua, Italy (F.T.); State Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, LKS Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, SAR (P.M.V.); and Department of Endocrine Surgery, Lille University Hospital, France (F.P.).
authors: Caroline
authors: C
authors: Corteville
authors: From Centre for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich and University Heart Center, Cardiology, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland (E.O., P.D., S.S., J.M., U.L., C.M.M., T.F.L.); Institute of Veterinary Physiology, University of Zurich, Switzerland (P.D., C.C., C.D., H.B., K.S., T.A.L.); Department of Surgery (M.B., D.V.) and Institute of Clinical Chemistry (L.R., R.H.), University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Université Lille 2, INSERM UMR1011, EGID, Institut Pasteur de Lille, France (S.C., A.T., B.S.); Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Switzerland (C.W.); Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, University of Padua, Italy (F.T.); State Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, LKS Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, SAR (P.M.V.); and Department of Endocrine Surgery, Lille University Hospital, France (F.P.).
authors: Marco
authors: M
authors: Bueter
authors: From Centre for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich and University Heart Center, Cardiology, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland (E.O., P.D., S.S., J.M., U.L., C.M.M., T.F.L.); Institute of Veterinary Physiology, University of Zurich, Switzerland (P.D., C.C., C.D., H.B., K.S., T.A.L.); Department of Surgery (M.B., D.V.) and Institute of Clinical Chemistry (L.R., R.H.), University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Université Lille 2, INSERM UMR1011, EGID, Institut Pasteur de Lille, France (S.C., A.T., B.S.); Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Switzerland (C.W.); Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, University of Padua, Italy (F.T.); State Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, LKS Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, SAR (P.M.V.); and Department of Endocrine Surgery, Lille University Hospital, France (F.P.).
authors: Claudia
authors: C
authors: Dörig
authors: From Centre for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich and University Heart Center, Cardiology, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland (E.O., P.D., S.S., J.M., U.L., C.M.M., T.F.L.); Institute of Veterinary Physiology, University of Zurich, Switzerland (P.D., C.C., C.D., H.B., K.S., T.A.L.); Department of Surgery (M.B., D.V.) and Institute of Clinical Chemistry (L.R., R.H.), University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Université Lille 2, INSERM UMR1011, EGID, Institut Pasteur de Lille, France (S.C., A.T., B.S.); Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Switzerland (C.W.); Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, University of Padua, Italy (F.T.); State Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, LKS Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, SAR (P.M.V.); and Department of Endocrine Surgery, Lille University Hospital, France (F.P.).
authors: Simona
authors: S
authors: Stivala
authors: From Centre for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich and University Heart Center, Cardiology, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland (E.O., P.D., S.S., J.M., U.L., C.M.M., T.F.L.); Institute of Veterinary Physiology, University of Zurich, Switzerland (P.D., C.C., C.D., H.B., K.S., T.A.L.); Department of Surgery (M.B., D.V.) and Institute of Clinical Chemistry (L.R., R.H.), University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Université Lille 2, INSERM UMR1011, EGID, Institut Pasteur de Lille, France (S.C., A.T., B.S.); Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Switzerland (C.W.); Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, University of Padua, Italy (F.T.); State Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, LKS Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, SAR (P.M.V.); and Department of Endocrine Surgery, Lille University Hospital, France (F.P.).
authors: Helena
authors: H
authors: Buhmann
authors: From Centre for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich and University Heart Center, Cardiology, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland (E.O., P.D., S.S., J.M., U.L., C.M.M., T.F.L.); Institute of Veterinary Physiology, University of Zurich, Switzerland (P.D., C.C., C.D., H.B., K.S., T.A.L.); Department of Surgery (M.B., D.V.) and Institute of Clinical Chemistry (L.R., R.H.), University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Université Lille 2, INSERM UMR1011, EGID, Institut Pasteur de Lille, France (S.C., A.T., B.S.); Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Switzerland (C.W.); Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, University of Padua, Italy (F.T.); State Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, LKS Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, SAR (P.M.V.); and Department of Endocrine Surgery, Lille University Hospital, France (F.P.).
authors: Sophie
authors: S
authors: Colin
authors: From Centre for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich and University Heart Center, Cardiology, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland (E.O., P.D., S.S., J.M., U.L., C.M.M., T.F.L.); Institute of Veterinary Physiology, University of Zurich, Switzerland (P.D., C.C., C.D., H.B., K.S., T.A.L.); Department of Surgery (M.B., D.V.) and Institute of Clinical Chemistry (L.R., R.H.), University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Université Lille 2, INSERM UMR1011, EGID, Institut Pasteur de Lille, France (S.C., A.T., B.S.); Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Switzerland (C.W.); Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, University of Padua, Italy (F.T.); State Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, LKS Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, SAR (P.M.V.); and Department of Endocrine Surgery, Lille University Hospital, France (F.P.).
authors: Lucia
authors: L
authors: Rohrer
authors: From Centre for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich and University Heart Center, Cardiology, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland (E.O., P.D., S.S., J.M., U.L., C.M.M., T.F.L.); Institute of Veterinary Physiology, University of Zurich, Switzerland (P.D., C.C., C.D., H.B., K.S., T.A.L.); Department of Surgery (M.B., D.V.) and Institute of Clinical Chemistry (L.R., R.H.), University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Université Lille 2, INSERM UMR1011, EGID, Institut Pasteur de Lille, France (S.C., A.T., B.S.); Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Switzerland (C.W.); Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, University of Padua, Italy (F.T.); State Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, LKS Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, SAR (P.M.V.); and Department of Endocrine Surgery, Lille University Hospital, France (F.P.).
authors: Reda
authors: R
authors: Hasballa
authors: From Centre for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich and University Heart Center, Cardiology, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland (E.O., P.D., S.S., J.M., U.L., C.M.M., T.F.L.); Institute of Veterinary Physiology, University of Zurich, Switzerland (P.D., C.C., C.D., H.B., K.S., T.A.L.); Department of Surgery (M.B., D.V.) and Institute of Clinical Chemistry (L.R., R.H.), University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Université Lille 2, INSERM UMR1011, EGID, Institut Pasteur de Lille, France (S.C., A.T., B.S.); Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Switzerland (C.W.); Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, University of Padua, Italy (F.T.); State Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, LKS Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, SAR (P.M.V.); and Department of Endocrine Surgery, Lille University Hospital, France (F.P.).
authors: Anne
authors: A
authors: Tailleux
authors: From Centre for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich and University Heart Center, Cardiology, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland (E.O., P.D., S.S., J.M., U.L., C.M.M., T.F.L.); Institute of Veterinary Physiology, University of Zurich, Switzerland (P.D., C.C., C.D., H.B., K.S., T.A.L.); Department of Surgery (M.B., D.V.) and Institute of Clinical Chemistry (L.R., R.H.), University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Université Lille 2, INSERM UMR1011, EGID, Institut Pasteur de Lille, France (S.C., A.T., B.S.); Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Switzerland (C.W.); Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, University of Padua, Italy (F.T.); State Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, LKS Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, SAR (P.M.V.); and Department of Endocrine Surgery, Lille University Hospital, France (F.P.).
authors: Christian
authors: C
authors: Wolfrum
authors: From Centre for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich and University Heart Center, Cardiology, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland (E.O., P.D., S.S., J.M., U.L., C.M.M., T.F.L.); Institute of Veterinary Physiology, University of Zurich, Switzerland (P.D., C.C., C.D., H.B., K.S., T.A.L.); Department of Surgery (M.B., D.V.) and Institute of Clinical Chemistry (L.R., R.H.), University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Université Lille 2, INSERM UMR1011, EGID, Institut Pasteur de Lille, France (S.C., A.T., B.S.); Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Switzerland (C.W.); Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, University of Padua, Italy (F.T.); State Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, LKS Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, SAR (P.M.V.); and Department of Endocrine Surgery, Lille University Hospital, France (F.P.).
authors: Francesco
authors: F
authors: Tona
authors: From Centre for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich and University Heart Center, Cardiology, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland (E.O., P.D., S.S., J.M., U.L., C.M.M., T.F.L.); Institute of Veterinary Physiology, University of Zurich, Switzerland (P.D., C.C., C.D., H.B., K.S., T.A.L.); Department of Surgery (M.B., D.V.) and Institute of Clinical Chemistry (L.R., R.H.), University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Université Lille 2, INSERM UMR1011, EGID, Institut Pasteur de Lille, France (S.C., A.T., B.S.); Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Switzerland (C.W.); Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, University of Padua, Italy (F.T.); State Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, LKS Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, SAR (P.M.V.); and Department of Endocrine Surgery, Lille University Hospital, France (F.P.).
authors: Jasmin
authors: J
authors: Manz
authors: From Centre for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich and University Heart Center, Cardiology, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland (E.O., P.D., S.S., J.M., U.L., C.M.M., T.F.L.); Institute of Veterinary Physiology, University of Zurich, Switzerland (P.D., C.C., C.D., H.B., K.S., T.A.L.); Department of Surgery (M.B., D.V.) and Institute of Clinical Chemistry (L.R., R.H.), University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Université Lille 2, INSERM UMR1011, EGID, Institut Pasteur de Lille, France (S.C., A.T., B.S.); Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Switzerland (C.W.); Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, University of Padua, Italy (F.T.); State Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, LKS Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, SAR (P.M.V.); and Department of Endocrine Surgery, Lille University Hospital, France (F.P.).
authors: Diana
authors: D
authors: Vetter
authors: From Centre for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich and University Heart Center, Cardiology, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland (E.O., P.D., S.S., J.M., U.L., C.M.M., T.F.L.); Institute of Veterinary Physiology, University of Zurich, Switzerland (P.D., C.C., C.D., H.B., K.S., T.A.L.); Department of Surgery (M.B., D.V.) and Institute of Clinical Chemistry (L.R., R.H.), University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Université Lille 2, INSERM UMR1011, EGID, Institut Pasteur de Lille, France (S.C., A.T., B.S.); Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Switzerland (C.W.); Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, University of Padua, Italy (F.T.); State Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, LKS Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, SAR (P.M.V.); and Department of Endocrine Surgery, Lille University Hospital, France (F.P.).
authors: Kerstin
authors: K
authors: Spliethoff
authors: From Centre for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich and University Heart Center, Cardiology, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland (E.O., P.D., S.S., J.M., U.L., C.M.M., T.F.L.); Institute of Veterinary Physiology, University of Zurich, Switzerland (P.D., C.C., C.D., H.B., K.S., T.A.L.); Department of Surgery (M.B., D.V.) and Institute of Clinical Chemistry (L.R., R.H.), University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Université Lille 2, INSERM UMR1011, EGID, Institut Pasteur de Lille, France (S.C., A.T., B.S.); Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Switzerland (C.W.); Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, University of Padua, Italy (F.T.); State Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, LKS Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, SAR (P.M.V.); and Department of Endocrine Surgery, Lille University Hospital, France (F.P.).
authors: Paul M
authors: PM
authors: Vanhoutte
authors: From Centre for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich and University Heart Center, Cardiology, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland (E.O., P.D., S.S., J.M., U.L., C.M.M., T.F.L.); Institute of Veterinary Physiology, University of Zurich, Switzerland (P.D., C.C., C.D., H.B., K.S., T.A.L.); Department of Surgery (M.B., D.V.) and Institute of Clinical Chemistry (L.R., R.H.), University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Université Lille 2, INSERM UMR1011, EGID, Institut Pasteur de Lille, France (S.C., A.T., B.S.); Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Switzerland (C.W.); Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, University of Padua, Italy (F.T.); State Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, LKS Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, SAR (P.M.V.); and Department of Endocrine Surgery, Lille University Hospital, France (F.P.).
authors: Ulf
authors: U
authors: Landmesser
authors: From Centre for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich and University Heart Center, Cardiology, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland (E.O., P.D., S.S., J.M., U.L., C.M.M., T.F.L.); Institute of Veterinary Physiology, University of Zurich, Switzerland (P.D., C.C., C.D., H.B., K.S., T.A.L.); Department of Surgery (M.B., D.V.) and Institute of Clinical Chemistry (L.R., R.H.), University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Université Lille 2, INSERM UMR1011, EGID, Institut Pasteur de Lille, France (S.C., A.T., B.S.); Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Switzerland (C.W.); Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, University of Padua, Italy (F.T.); State Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, LKS Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, SAR (P.M.V.); and Department of Endocrine Surgery, Lille University Hospital, France (F.P.).
authors: Francois
authors: F
authors: Pattou
authors: From Centre for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich and University Heart Center, Cardiology, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland (E.O., P.D., S.S., J.M., U.L., C.M.M., T.F.L.); Institute of Veterinary Physiology, University of Zurich, Switzerland (P.D., C.C., C.D., H.B., K.S., T.A.L.); Department of Surgery (M.B., D.V.) and Institute of Clinical Chemistry (L.R., R.H.), University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Université Lille 2, INSERM UMR1011, EGID, Institut Pasteur de Lille, France (S.C., A.T., B.S.); Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Switzerland (C.W.); Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, University of Padua, Italy (F.T.); State Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, LKS Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, SAR (P.M.V.); and Department of Endocrine Surgery, Lille University Hospital, France (F.P.).
authors: Bart
authors: B
authors: Staels
authors: From Centre for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich and University Heart Center, Cardiology, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland (E.O., P.D., S.S., J.M., U.L., C.M.M., T.F.L.); Institute of Veterinary Physiology, University of Zurich, Switzerland (P.D., C.C., C.D., H.B., K.S., T.A.L.); Department of Surgery (M.B., D.V.) and Institute of Clinical Chemistry (L.R., R.H.), University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Université Lille 2, INSERM UMR1011, EGID, Institut Pasteur de Lille, France (S.C., A.T., B.S.); Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Switzerland (C.W.); Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, University of Padua, Italy (F.T.); State Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, LKS Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, SAR (P.M.V.); and Department of Endocrine Surgery, Lille University Hospital, France (F.P.).
authors: Christian M
authors: CM
authors: Matter
authors: From Centre for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich and University Heart Center, Cardiology, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland (E.O., P.D., S.S., J.M., U.L., C.M.M., T.F.L.); Institute of Veterinary Physiology, University of Zurich, Switzerland (P.D., C.C., C.D., H.B., K.S., T.A.L.); Department of Surgery (M.B., D.V.) and Institute of Clinical Chemistry (L.R., R.H.), University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Université Lille 2, INSERM UMR1011, EGID, Institut Pasteur de Lille, France (S.C., A.T., B.S.); Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Switzerland (C.W.); Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, University of Padua, Italy (F.T.); State Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, LKS Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, SAR (P.M.V.); and Department of Endocrine Surgery, Lille University Hospital, France (F.P.).
authors: Thomas A
authors: TA
authors: Lutz
authors: From Centre for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich and University Heart Center, Cardiology, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland (E.O., P.D., S.S., J.M., U.L., C.M.M., T.F.L.); Institute of Veterinary Physiology, University of Zurich, Switzerland (P.D., C.C., C.D., H.B., K.S., T.A.L.); Department of Surgery (M.B., D.V.) and Institute of Clinical Chemistry (L.R., R.H.), University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Université Lille 2, INSERM UMR1011, EGID, Institut Pasteur de Lille, France (S.C., A.T., B.S.); Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Switzerland (C.W.); Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, University of Padua, Italy (F.T.); State Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, LKS Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, SAR (P.M.V.); and Department of Endocrine Surgery, Lille University Hospital, France (F.P.).
authors: Thomas F
authors: TF
authors: Lüscher
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000502:physiology; D001835:Body Weight / Q000502:physiology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D059305:Diet, High-Fat / Q000009:adverse effects; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000473:pathology / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D015390:Gastric Bypass; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008075:Lipoproteins, HDL / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000502:physiology; D009765:Obesity / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000502:physiology; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000502:physiology; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D015398:Signal Transduction; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D015431:Weight Loss / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D008075:Lipoproteins, HDL; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt
keywords: bariatric surgery; endothelium; glucagon-like peptide-1; lipoproteins; nitric oxide; obesity