title: Glaucine inhibits breast cancer cell migration and invasion by inhibiting MMP-9 gene expression through the suppression of NF-κB activation.
abstract: Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) plays a central role in the invasion and metastasis of various types of cancer cells. Here, we demonstrate that glaucine, an alkaloid isolated from the plant Corydalis turtschaninovii tuber (Papaveraceae), can inhibit the migration and invasion of human breast cancer cells. We further show that glaucine significantly blocks phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-induced MMP-9 expression and activity in a dose-dependent manner. Results from reporter gene and electrophoretic mobility shift assays revealed that glaucine inhibits MMP-9 expression by suppressing activation of the nuclear transcription factor nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB). Moreover, glaucine attenuates PMA-induced IκBα degradation and nuclear translocation of NF-κB. Finally, we also found that glaucine inhibits invasion and MMP-9 expression in the highly metastatic MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell line. Taken together, our findings indicate that the MMP-9 inhibitory activity of glaucine and its abilities to attenuate IκBα and NF-κB activities may be therapeutically useful as a novel means of controlling breast cancer growth and invasiveness.
authors: Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 138-736, Republic of Korea.
authors: Hyereen
authors: H
authors: Kang
authors: Sung-Wuk
authors: SW
authors: Jang
authors: Jhang Ho
authors: JH
authors: Pak
authors: Sungbo
authors: S
authors: Shim
mesh_terms: D001060:Aporphines / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects*; D005260:Female; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic / Q000187:drug effects; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D061986:MCF-7 Cells; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism*; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D011485:Protein Binding / Q000187:drug effects; D059748:Proteolysis / Q000187:drug effects; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / Q000494:pharmacology; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D001060:Aporphines; D016328:NF-kappa B; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate; C005004:glaucine