title: Morphine and buprenorphine do not alter leukocyte cytokine production capacity, early apoptosis, or neutrophil phagocytic function in healthy dogs.
abstract: Opioids have immunomodulatory properties in many species, but there is little information pertaining to these properties in dogs. Our objective was to compare the in vivo effects of morphine, buprenorphine, and control solution on innate immune system function and apoptosis in healthy dogs. Six adult dogs received a 24-hour infusion of morphine, buprenorphine, or control solution (saline) in a randomized, controlled, crossover block design. Leukocyte apoptosis, phagocytosis, and oxidative burst were evaluated using flow cytometry. Lipopolysaccharide, lipoteichoic acid, and peptidoglycan-stimulated leukocyte production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-10 were determined using canine specific multiplex assays. No significant treatment effects were detected among groups. These data suggest that healthy dogs could be less sensitive to the immunomodulatory effects of acute opioid administration compared with other species. Larger investigations in healthy and immunologically challenged dogs are recommended prior to application of these results in clinical patients.
authors: From the Comparative Internal Medicine Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, 900 E. Campus Drive, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
authors: Farrah A
authors: FA
authors: Monibi
authors: From the Comparative Internal Medicine Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, 900 E. Campus Drive, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
authors: John R
authors: JR
authors: Dodam
authors: From the Comparative Internal Medicine Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, 900 E. Campus Drive, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
authors: Sandra M
authors: SM
authors: Axiak-Bechtel
authors: From the Comparative Internal Medicine Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, 900 E. Campus Drive, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
authors: Juliana
authors: J
authors: Amorim
authors: From the Comparative Internal Medicine Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, 900 E. Campus Drive, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
authors: Yan
authors: Y
authors: Zhang
authors: From the Comparative Internal Medicine Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, 900 E. Campus Drive, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
authors: Kaoru
authors: K
authors: Tsuruta
authors: From the Comparative Internal Medicine Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, 900 E. Campus Drive, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
authors: F A
authors: FA
authors: Mann
authors: From the Comparative Internal Medicine Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, 900 E. Campus Drive, Columbia, MO 65211, USA. Electronic address: declueae@missouri.edu.
authors: Amy E
authors: AE
authors: DeClue
mesh_terms: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D002047:Buprenorphine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D004285:Dogs; D005260:Female; D007113:Immunity, Innate / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000378:metabolism; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D009020:Morphine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D010457:Peptidoglycan / Q000494:pharmacology; D010587:Phagocytosis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D013682:Teichoic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D016207:Cytokines; D015850:Interleukin-6; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D010457:Peptidoglycan; D013682:Teichoic Acids; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D016753:Interleukin-10; D002047:Buprenorphine; C009900:lipoteichoic acid; D009020:Morphine
keywords: Apoptosis; Cytokine; Dogs; Immunology; Innate immunity; Opioids