title: Smoking Trends and Disparities Among Black and Non-Hispanic Whites in California.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The current study examined disparities in smoking trends across Blacks and non-Hispanic Whites in California.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data from the 1996 to 2008 California Tobacco Survey were analyzed to examine trends in smoking behaviors and cessation across Blacks and non-Hispanic Whites.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A decrease in overall ever and current smoking was observed for both Black and non-Hispanic Whites across the 12-year time period. A striking decrease in proportions of heavy daily smokers for both Black and non-Hispanic Whites were observed. Proportions of light and intermittent smokers and moderate daily smokers displayed modest increases for Blacks, but large increases for non-Hispanic Whites. Increases in successful cessation were also observed for Blacks and, to a lesser extent, for non-Hispanic Whites.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Smoking behavior and cessation trends across Blacks and non-Hispanic Whites were revealing. The decline in heavy daily and former smokers may demonstrate the success and effectiveness of tobacco control efforts in California. However, the increase in proportions of light and intermittent smokers and moderate daily smokers for both Blacks and non-Hispanic Whites demonstrates a need for tobacco cessation efforts focused on lighter smokers.
authors: College of Public Health and Human Sciences, School of Social and Behavioral Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR; karilyn.sakuma@oregonstate.edu.
authors: Kari-Lyn Kobayakawa
authors: KL
authors: Sakuma
authors: School of Community and Global Health, Claremont Graduate University, Claremont, CA;
authors: Jamie
authors: J
authors: Felicitas
authors: Cancer Center, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI;
authors: Pebbles
authors: P
authors: Fagan
authors: Community Translational Research Institute, Riverside, CA.
authors: Charles L
authors: CL
authors: Gruder
authors: School of Community and Global Health, Claremont Graduate University, Claremont, CA;
authors: Lyzette
authors: L
authors: Blanco
authors: School of Community and Global Health, Claremont Graduate University, Claremont, CA;
authors: Christopher
authors: C
authors: Cappelli
authors: School of Community and Global Health, Claremont Graduate University, Claremont, CA;
authors: Dennis R
authors: DR
authors: Trinidad
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D044383:Black People / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000523:psychology; D002140:California / Q000208:ethnology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012907:Smoking / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000523:psychology / Q000639:trends*; D016540:Smoking Cessation / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000379:methods / Q000523:psychology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D044465:White People / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000523:psychology; D055815:Young Adult; D001741:Black or African American