title: Oral diazepam versus intravenous midazolam for conscious sedation during cataract surgery performed using topical anesthesia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the intraoperative pain, anxiety, undesired movement, and cooperation between patients receiving oral diazepam or intravenous (IV) midazolam for conscious sedation during cataract surgery under topical anesthesia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ambulatory surgical center, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective randomized controlled trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients having first-time cataract extraction with topical anesthesia were randomized to receive sedation with oral diazepam 30 minutes before surgery or IV midazolam immediately preceding surgery. The outcomes of intraoperative pain, anxiety, undesired movement, and poor cooperation were observed by the surgeon and recorded during surgery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hundred fifty-six cataract surgeries were included, 83 in the IV midazolam group and 73 in the oral diazepam group. Twenty-four patients (29%) in the IV group and 7 patients (10%) in the oral group showed undesired movement (P < .02). Seven patients (8%) in the IV group and 2 patients (3%) in the oral group showed poor cooperation (P > .05). Fifteen patients (18%) in the IV group and 9 patients (12%) in the oral group had anxiety (P > .05). Three patients (4%) in the IV group and 3 patients (4%) in the oral group experienced pain (P > .05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Fewer patients receiving oral diazepam 30 minutes before cataract surgery than patients receiving IV midazolam immediately preceding surgery showed undesired movement during surgery. There was no statistically significant difference in the number of patients showing poor cooperation or experiencing pain or anxiety between the 2 groups.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  No author has a financial or proprietary interest in any material or method mentioned.
authors: From the University of Hawaii (M. Chen), Honolulu, Hawaii, John H. Stroger, Jr. Hospital of Cook County (Hill, Patrianakos) and University of Illinois Chicago (Ku), Chicago, Illinois, and A.T. Still University (M.L. Chen), Mesa, Arizona, USA.
authors: Ming
authors: M
authors: Chen
authors: From the University of Hawaii (M. Chen), Honolulu, Hawaii, John H. Stroger, Jr. Hospital of Cook County (Hill, Patrianakos) and University of Illinois Chicago (Ku), Chicago, Illinois, and A.T. Still University (M.L. Chen), Mesa, Arizona, USA. Electronic address: gmauricehill@gmail.com.
authors: Geoffrey M
authors: GM
authors: Hill
authors: From the University of Hawaii (M. Chen), Honolulu, Hawaii, John H. Stroger, Jr. Hospital of Cook County (Hill, Patrianakos) and University of Illinois Chicago (Ku), Chicago, Illinois, and A.T. Still University (M.L. Chen), Mesa, Arizona, USA.
authors: Thomas D
authors: TD
authors: Patrianakos
authors: From the University of Hawaii (M. Chen), Honolulu, Hawaii, John H. Stroger, Jr. Hospital of Cook County (Hill, Patrianakos) and University of Illinois Chicago (Ku), Chicago, Illinois, and A.T. Still University (M.L. Chen), Mesa, Arizona, USA.
authors: Eliot S
authors: ES
authors: Ku
authors: From the University of Hawaii (M. Chen), Honolulu, Hawaii, John H. Stroger, Jr. Hospital of Cook County (Hill, Patrianakos) and University of Illinois Chicago (Ku), Chicago, Illinois, and A.T. Still University (M.L. Chen), Mesa, Arizona, USA.
authors: Mindy Lin
authors: ML
authors: Chen
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000368:Aged; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage; D016292:Procedural Sedation / Q000379:methods*; D003975:Diazepam / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D058447:Eye Pain / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D007698:Kinesis; D019654:Lens Implantation, Intraocular; D008297:Male; D008874:Midazolam / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D018918:Phacoemulsification / Q000379:methods*; D011446:Prospective Studies
chemical_list: D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous; D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D003975:Diazepam; D008874:Midazolam