title: Tamoxifen ecotoxicity and resulting risks for aquatic ecosystems.
abstract: Tamoxifen, a drug used to treat cancer, is regularly found in hydrosystems at concentrations of several hundred ng L(-1). To characterize its ecotoxicity, we implemented a battery of bioassays on organisms belonging to 3 different trophic levels: Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, Chlorella vulgaris and Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, for primary producers, Daphnia magna (immobilization, grazing and reproduction) for primary consumers, and Danio rerio for secondary consumers (embryotoxicity test). In view of the results obtained and the ecotoxicity values of tamoxifen available in the literature, we established a PNEC (Predictive No Effect Concentration) equal to 81 ng L(-1) for continental water. This PNEC allowed us to calculate Risk Quotients (RQ) for 4 continental hydrosystems in 4 different countries in which measures of tamoxifen had already been performed on surface waters. In two of the situations studied, RQs were higher than 1, reaching a maximum of 2.6. These results show the need to deepen the characterization of ecotoxicological risks linked to the discharge of tamoxifen in surface waters. In addition, we propose applying this approach to other drug residues detected in the environment.
authors: Université de Lyon, ENTPE, CNRS, UMR 5023 LEHNA, 2 Rue Maurice Audin, 69518 Vaulx-en-Velin, France. Electronic address: frederic.orias@entpe.fr.
authors: Frédéric
authors: F
authors: Orias
authors: Université de Lyon, ENTPE, CNRS, UMR 5023 LEHNA, 2 Rue Maurice Audin, 69518 Vaulx-en-Velin, France; INRA, USC IGH 1369, ENTPE, F-69518 Vaulx-en-Velin, France.
authors: Sylvie
authors: S
authors: Bony
authors: Université de Lyon, ENTPE, CNRS, UMR 5023 LEHNA, 2 Rue Maurice Audin, 69518 Vaulx-en-Velin, France; INRA, USC IGH 1369, ENTPE, F-69518 Vaulx-en-Velin, France.
authors: Alain
authors: A
authors: Devaux
authors: Université de Lyon, ENTPE, CNRS, UMR 5023 LEHNA, 2 Rue Maurice Audin, 69518 Vaulx-en-Velin, France.
authors: Claude
authors: C
authors: Durrieu
authors: Université de Lyon, ENTPE, CNRS, UMR 5023 LEHNA, 2 Rue Maurice Audin, 69518 Vaulx-en-Velin, France.
authors: Marion
authors: M
authors: Aubrat
authors: Université de Lyon, ENTPE, CNRS, UMR 5023 LEHNA, 2 Rue Maurice Audin, 69518 Vaulx-en-Velin, France.
authors: Thibault
authors: T
authors: Hombert
authors: Université de Lyon, ENTPE, CNRS, UMR 5023 LEHNA, 2 Rue Maurice Audin, 69518 Vaulx-en-Velin, France.
authors: Adriana
authors: A
authors: Wigh
authors: Université de Lyon, ENTPE, CNRS, UMR 5023 LEHNA, 2 Rue Maurice Audin, 69518 Vaulx-en-Velin, France.
authors: Yves
authors: Y
authors: Perrodin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D048408:Chlorella vulgaris / Q000187:drug effects; D000460:Chlorophyta / Q000187:drug effects; D003621:Daphnia / Q000187:drug effects; D064308:Ecological Parameter Monitoring; D017753:Ecosystem; D054750:Ecotoxicology; D004965:Estrogen Antagonists / Q000633:toxicity*; D013629:Tamoxifen / Q000633:toxicity*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity*; D015027:Zebrafish / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D004965:Estrogen Antagonists; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D013629:Tamoxifen
keywords: Aquatic ecosystems; Ecotoxicity; Ecotoxicological risk assessment; Tamoxifen; Trophic level