title: A comprehensive review of metabolic syndrome affecting erectile dysfunction.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is the most important public health issue threatening the health of men and women all over the world. Its current prevalence (i.e., approximately 30%) is continuously increasing. MetS by itself is considered a risk factor for erectile dysfunction (ED).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To focus on the definition epidemiology, pathogenesis, and possible mechanistic links between MetS and ED in order to provide guidelines for treating such individuals.
  
  
  METHODS
  The search strategies yielded total records screened from PubMed.
  
  
  METHODS
  Regardless of the definition, MetS consists of insulin resistance, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and obesity. MetS is not an end disease but is a disorder of energy utilization and storage.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of ED in patients with MetS is almost twice than in those without MetS, and about 40% of patients with ED have MetS. An important mechanism linking MetS and ED is hypogonadism.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Recognizing through ED, underlying conditions such as hypogonadism, diabetes and MetS might be a useful motivation for men to improve their health-related choices. The clinical management of MetS can be done by therapeutic interventions that include lifestyle modifications, hormone replacement alone or in combination with phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors, and other pharmacological treatments.
authors: Departments of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey.
authors: Ecem
authors: E
authors: Kaya
authors: Suresh C
authors: SC
authors: Sikka
authors: Serap
authors: S
authors: Gur
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D001067:Appetite Depressants / Q000627:therapeutic use; D047072:Aromatase Inhibitors; D050110:Bariatric Surgery; D015992:Body Mass Index; D007172:Erectile Dysfunction / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015438:Health Behavior; D020249:Hormone Replacement Therapy / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D007006:Hypogonadism / Q000453:epidemiology; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000628:therapy; D058986:Phosphodiesterase 5 Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015995:Prevalence; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D012307:Risk Factors; D013739:Testosterone / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000099150:Receptor, Farnesoid X-Activated
chemical_list: D001067:Appetite Depressants; D047072:Aromatase Inhibitors; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D058986:Phosphodiesterase 5 Inhibitors; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear; D013739:Testosterone; D000099150:Receptor, Farnesoid X-Activated
keywords: Erectile Dysfunction; Hypogonadism; Inflammation; Insulin Resistance; Metabolic Syndrome; Obesity