title: Adapting a drug screening platform to discover associations of molecular targeted radiosensitizers with genomic biomarkers.
abstract: Large collections of annotated cancer cell lines are powerful tools for precisely matching targeted drugs with genomic alterations that can be tested as biomarkers in the clinic. Whether these screening platforms, which utilize short-term cell survival to assess drug responses, can be applied to precision radiation medicine is not established. To this end, 32 cancer cell lines were screened using 18 targeted therapeutic agents with known or putative radiosensitizing properties (227 combinations). The cell number remaining after drug exposure with or without radiation was assessed by nonclonogenic assays. We derived short-term radiosensitization factors (SRF2Gy) and calculated clonogenic survival assay-based dose enhancement factors (DEFSF0.1). Radiosensitization was characterized by SRF2Gy values of mostly ∼1.05 to 1.2 and significantly correlated with drug-induced changes in apoptosis and senescence frequencies. SRF2Gy was significantly correlated with DEFSF0.1, with a respective sensitivity and specificity of 91.7% and 81.5% for a 3-day endpoint, and 82.8% and 84.2% for a robotic 5-day assay. KRAS mutations (codons 12/13) were found to be a biomarker of radiosensitization by midostaurin in lung cancer, which was pronounced under conditions that enriched for stem cell-like cells. In conclusion, although short-term proliferation/survival assays cannot replace the gold-standard clonogenic survival assay for measuring cellular radiosensitivity, they capture with high accuracy the relative change in radiosensitivity that is caused by a radiosensitzing targeted agent.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study supports a paradigm shift regarding the utility of short-term assays for precision radiation medicine, which should facilitate the identification of genomic biomarkers to guide the testing of novel drug/radiation combinations.
authors: Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts. Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors: Qi
authors: Q
authors: Liu
authors: Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts. Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors: Meng
authors: M
authors: Wang
authors: Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts. Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors: Ashley M
authors: AM
authors: Kern
authors: Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts. Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors: Saman
authors: S
authors: Khaled
authors: Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts. Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. Jinan Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong, China.
authors: Jing
authors: J
authors: Han
authors: Biostatistics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors: Beow Y
authors: BY
authors: Yeap
authors: Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors: Theodore S
authors: TS
authors: Hong
authors: Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts.
authors: Jeff
authors: J
authors: Settleman
authors: Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts.
authors: Cyril H
authors: CH
authors: Benes
authors: Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts. Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors: Kathryn D
authors: KD
authors: Held
authors: Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts. Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors: Jason A
authors: JA
authors: Efstathiou
authors: Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts. Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. hwillers@mgh.harvard.edu.
authors: Henning
authors: H
authors: Willers
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000235:genetics*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D016922:Cellular Senescence / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D004354:Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D058990:Molecular Targeted Therapy; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000628:therapy; D057285:Precision Medicine; D011836:Radiation Tolerance / Q000187:drug effects; D011838:Radiation-Sensitizing Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D011838:Radiation-Sensitizing Agents