title: Climate change as an unexpected co-factor promoting coral eating seastar (Acanthaster planci) outbreaks.
abstract: Coral reefs face a crisis due to local and global anthropogenic stressors. A large proportion of the ~50% coral loss on the Great Barrier Reef has been attributed to outbreaks of the crown-of-thorns-seastar (COTS). A widely assumed cause of primary COTS outbreaks is increased larval survivorship due to higher food availability, linked with anthropogenic runoff . Our experiment using a range of algal food concentrations at three temperatures representing present day average and predicted future increases, demonstrated a strong influence of food concentration on development is modulated by temperature. A 2°C increase in temperature led to a 4.2-4.9 times (at Day 10) or 1.2-1.8 times (Day 17) increase in late development larvae. A model indicated that food was the main driver, but that temperature was an important modulator of development. For instance, at 5000 cells ml(-1) food, a 2°C increase may shorten developmental time by 30% and may increase the probability of survival by 240%. The main contribution of temperature is to 'push' well-fed larvae faster to settlement. We conclude that warmer sea temperature is an important co-factor promoting COTS outbreaks.
authors: Australian Institute of Marine Science, PMB 3, Townsville MC, Townsville 4810, Queensland, Australia.
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Uthicke
authors: Australian Institute of Marine Science, PMB 3, Townsville MC, Townsville 4810, Queensland, Australia.
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Logan
authors: Australian Institute of Marine Science, PMB 3, Townsville MC, Townsville 4810, Queensland, Australia.
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Liddy
authors: Australian Institute of Marine Science, PMB 3, Townsville MC, Townsville 4810, Queensland, Australia.
authors: D
authors: D
authors: Francis
authors: Schools of Medical and Biological Sciences, F13 - Anderson Stuart Building, University of Sydney, NSW 2006 Australia.
authors: N
authors: N
authors: Hardy
authors: Department of Marine Science, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Lamare
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D037421:Anthozoa; D057231:Climate Change; D057894:Coral Reefs; D013215:Starfish