title: Widely distributed hot and cold spots in meiotic recombination as shown by the sequencing of rice F2 plants.
abstract: Numerous studies have argued that environmental variations may contribute to evolution through the generation of novel heritable variations via meiotic recombination, which plays a crucial role in crop domestication and improvement. Rice is one of the most important staple crops, but no direct estimate of recombination events has yet been made at a fine scale. Here, we address this limitation by sequencing 41 rice individuals with high sequencing coverage and c. 900 000 accurate markers. An average of 33.9 crossover (c. 4.53 cM Mb(-1) ) and 2.47 non-crossover events were detected per F2 plant, which is similar to the values in Arabidopsis. Although not all samples in the stress treatment group showed an increased number of crossover events, environmental stress increased the recombination rate in c. 28.5% of samples. Interestingly, the crossovers showed a highly uneven distribution among and along chromosomes, with c. 13.9% of the entire genome devoid of crossovers, including 11 of the 12 centromere regions, and c. 0.72% of the genome containing large numbers of crossovers (> 50 cM Mb(-1) ). The gene ontology (GO) categories showed that genes clustered within the recombination hot spot regions primarily tended to be involved in responses to environmental stimuli, suggesting that recombination plays an important role for adaptive evolution in rapidly changing environments.
authors: State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China.
authors: Weina
authors: W
authors: Si
authors: State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China.
authors: Yang
authors: Y
authors: Yuan
authors: State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China.
authors: Ju
authors: J
authors: Huang
authors: State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China.
authors: Xiaohui
authors: X
authors: Zhang
authors: State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China.
authors: Yanchun
authors: Y
authors: Zhang
authors: Institute of Food Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Science, Nanjing, 210014, China.
authors: Yadong
authors: Y
authors: Zhang
authors: State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China.
authors: Dacheng
authors: D
authors: Tian
authors: Institute of Food Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Science, Nanjing, 210014, China.
authors: Cailin
authors: C
authors: Wang
authors: State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China.
authors: Yonghua
authors: Y
authors: Yang
authors: State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China.
authors: Sihai
authors: S
authors: Yang
mesh_terms: D032461:Chromosomes, Plant / Q000235:genetics; D003433:Crosses, Genetic; D003434:Crossing Over, Genetic; D005785:Gene Conversion; D063990:Gene Ontology; D017343:Genes, Plant; D005819:Genetic Markers; D018745:Genome, Plant; D060005:Genotyping Techniques; D059765:Homologous Recombination / Q000235:genetics*; D008540:Meiosis / Q000235:genetics*; D012275:Oryza / Q000235:genetics*; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D013312:Stress, Physiological / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D005819:Genetic Markers
keywords: Oryza sativa; crossover; environmental stimuli; meiotic recombination; uneven distribution