title: Examining the Prevalence, Bidirectionality, and Co-Occurrence of Sexual Intimate Partner Violence among Women During Pregnancy and Postpartum.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This longitudinal study examined the prevalence of women's sexual intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetration, the extent to which women experienced both sexual IPV victimization and perpetration, and the overlap between women's experiences of sexual IPV with psychological and physical IPV victimization and perpetration.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were collected via self-report survey from 180 women during the first 18 weeks of pregnancy and 122 participants completed follow-up assessments at six weeks postpartum.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At both time points, the prevalence of sexual IPV victimization and perpetration were similar in this sample. Bidirectional sexual IPV was more common than sexual IPV victimization or perpetration only. The majority of participants who experienced sexual IPV victimization at baseline and follow-up also experienced psychological or physical IPV victimization. No participants at either time point reported sexual IPV perpetration only, those participants who perpetrated sexual IPV also perpetrated psychological or physical IPV.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Future research should investigate women's sexual IPV victimization and perpetration as they relate to other areas of mental and physical health during this time period.
authors: Medical University of South Carolina.
authors: Julianne C
authors: JC
authors: Hellmuth
authors: Yale University School of Medicine.
authors: Véronique
authors: V
authors: Jaquier
authors: University of Tennessee-Knoxville.
authors: Kristina Coop
authors: KC
authors: Gordon
authors: University of Tennessee-Knoxville.
authors: Todd M
authors: TM
authors: Moore
authors: University of Tennessee-Knoxville.
authors: Gregory L
authors: GL
authors: Stuart
keywords: Intimate partner violence; postpartum; pregnancy; sexual coercion; women’s use of aggression