title: Detecting submerged bodies: controlled research using side-scan sonar to detect submerged proxy cadavers.
abstract: Forensic investigators routinely deploy side-scan sonar for submerged body searches. This study adds to the limited body of literature by undertaking a controlled project to understand how variables affect detection of submerged bodies using side-scan sonar. Research consisted of two phases using small and medium-sized pig (Sus scrofa) carcasses as proxies for human bodies to investigate the effects of terrain, body size, frequency, swath width, and state of decomposition. Results demonstrated that a clear, flat, sandy pond floor terrain was optimal for detection of the target as irregular terrain and/or vegetation are major limitations that can obscure the target. A higher frequency towfish was preferred for small bodies, and a 20 m swath width allowed greater visibility and easier maneuverability of the boat in this environment. Also, the medium-sized carcasses were discernable throughout the 81-day study period, indicating that it is possible to detect bodies undergoing decomposition with side-scan sonar.
authors: Department of Anthropology, University of Arkansas, Old Main 330, Fayetteville, AR.
authors: Carrie A
authors: CA
authors: Healy
authors: John J
authors: JJ
authors: Schultz
authors: Kenneth
authors: K
authors: Parker
authors: Bim
authors: B
authors: Lowers
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003933:Diagnosis; D044707:Forensic Sciences / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D007101:Immersion; D023421:Models, Animal; D061005:Ponds; D013016:Sound; D034421:Sus scrofa; D014867:Water
chemical_list: D014867:Water
keywords: forensic science; geophysical search methods; search methods; side-scan sonar; submerged bodies; water search methods