title: Optical cryoimaging of mitochondrial redox state in bronchopulmonary-dysplasia injury models in mice lungs.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in premature infants exposed to high levels of oxygen. This is mainly attributed to increased oxidative stress and angiogenesis defects impacting lung alveolarization.
  
  
  METHODS
  Here we use optical imaging to investigate the role of Bcl-2 in modulation of oxidative stress and angiogenesis and pathogenesis of BPD. Cryoimaging of the mitochondrial redox state of mouse lungs was applied to determine the metabolic state of the lungs from Bcl-2 +/+ (control), Bcl-2-deleted in the endothelium (Bcl-2 VE-cad) and Bcl-2-deficient (Bcl-2 -/-; global null) using mitochondrial metabolic coenzymes NADH (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide), and FADH2 (Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide) as the primary electron carriers in oxidative phosphorylation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We observed a 47% and 26% decrease in the NADH redox in Bcl-2 deficient lungs, Bcl-2 -/- and Bcl-2 VE-cad, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Thus, Bcl-2 deficiency is associated with a significant increase in oxidative stress contributing to reduced angiogenesis and enhanced pathogenesis of BPD.
authors.affiliation: 1 Biophotonics laboratory, University of Wisconsin Milwaukee, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 3200 N Cramer St., Milwaukee, WI 53211, USA ; Departments of 2 Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, and 3 Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53705, USA.
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: MasoudiMotlagh
authors.affiliation: 1 Biophotonics laboratory, University of Wisconsin Milwaukee, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 3200 N Cramer St., Milwaukee, WI 53211, USA ; Departments of 2 Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, and 3 Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53705, USA.
authors.forename: Reyhaneh
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sepehr
authors.affiliation: 1 Biophotonics laboratory, University of Wisconsin Milwaukee, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 3200 N Cramer St., Milwaukee, WI 53211, USA ; Departments of 2 Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, and 3 Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53705, USA.
authors.forename: Nader
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sheibani
authors.affiliation: 1 Biophotonics laboratory, University of Wisconsin Milwaukee, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 3200 N Cramer St., Milwaukee, WI 53211, USA ; Departments of 2 Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, and 3 Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53705, USA.
authors.forename: Christine M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Sorenson
authors.affiliation: 1 Biophotonics laboratory, University of Wisconsin Milwaukee, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 3200 N Cramer St., Milwaukee, WI 53211, USA ; Departments of 2 Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, and 3 Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53705, USA.
authors.forename: Mahsa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ranji
keywords: Bcl-2; lung tissue; mitochondrial redox; optical imaging