title: Extended 3D approach for quantification of abnormal ascending aortic flow.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Flow displacement quantifies eccentric flow, a potential risk factor for aneurysms in the ascending aorta, but only at a single anatomic location. The aim of this study is to extend flow displacement analysis to 3D in patients with aortic and aortic valve pathologies.
  
  
  METHODS
  43 individuals were studied with 4DFlow MRI in 6 groups: healthy, tricuspid aortic valve (TAV) with aortic stenosis (AS) but no dilatation, TAV with dilatation but no AS, and TAV with both AS and dilatation, BAV without AS or dilatation, BAV without AS but with dilation. The protocol was approved by our institutional review board, and informed consent was obtained. Flow displacement was calculated for multiple planes along the ascending aorta, and 2D and 3D analyses were compared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Good correlation was found between 2D flow displacement and both maximum and average 3D values (r>0.8). Healthy controls had significantly lower flow displacement values with all approaches (p<0.05). The highest flow displacement was seen with stenotic TAV and aortic dilation (0.24±0.02 with maximum flow displacement). The 2D approach underestimated the maximum flow displacement by more than 20% in 13 out of 36 patients (36%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The extended 3D flow displacement analysis offers a more comprehensive quantitative evaluation of abnormal systolic flow in the ascending aorta than 2D analysis. Differences between patient subgroups are better demonstrated, and maximum flow displacement is more reliably assessed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, UCSF, CA, USA; Université de Lyon, CREATIS; CNRS UMR5220; Inserm U1044; INSA-Lyon; Université Lyon 1; Hospices Civils de Lyon, France. Electronic address: monica.sigovan1@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Monica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sigovan
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, UCSF, CA, USA; Linkoping University, Linkoping, Sweden.
authors.forename: Petter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Dyverfeldt
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, UCSF, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Jarrett
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wrenn
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, UCSF, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Elaine E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Tseng
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, UCSF, CA, USA.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Saloner
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, UCSF, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Michael D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Hope
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001011:Aorta / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001021:Aortic Valve / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001024:Aortic Valve Stenosis / Q000175:diagnosis*; D000082882:Bicuspid Aortic Valve Disease; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000175:diagnosis*; D006349:Heart Valve Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis*; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged
keywords: Aorta; BAV; Eccentric jets; MRI; Valves