title: Potential involvement of nicotinamide N-methyltransferase in the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Metabolic syndrome is a complex disorder characterized by the presence of insulin resistance (IR), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), or impaired fasting glucose (IFG), plus at least two of the following conditions--hypertension, hyperlipidemia, obesity, and microalbuminuria. Metabolic syndrome exposes patients to a greater risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD) and is often associated with elevated levels of homocysteine (Hcy). In the current work, we analyzed the expression of nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT). Because NNMT is involved in Hcy metabolism and participates in the regulation of the cellular and plasma levels of this compound, we explored the role played by the enzyme in metabolic syndrome.
  
  
  METHODS
  Real-time PCR, immunohistochemistry, western blot analysis, and catalytic activity assay were performed to evaluate NNMT expression levels in adipose tissue from 10 Wistar Ottawa Karlsburg W (WOKW) rats, which are an animal model for metabolic syndrome, and from 10 Dark Agouti (DA) rats as the disease-resistant control strain.
  
  
  RESULTS
  NNMT mRNA, protein, and activity levels were significantly higher in adipose tissue obtained from WOKW rats compared with those observed in adipose tissue of DA rats.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Data reported in this study represent the first evidence supporting the hypothesis that NNMT could play an important role in the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome and could have a potential for the development of a targeted therapy.
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Clinical Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche , Ancona, Italy .
authors.forename: Rachela
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Giuliante
authors.forename: Davide
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sartini
authors.forename: Tiziana
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bacchetti
authors.forename: Romina
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rocchetti
authors.forename: Ingrid
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Klöting
authors.forename: Carlo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Polidori
authors.forename: Gianna
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ferretti
authors.forename: Monica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Emanuelli
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000201:enzymology; D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D018076:DNA, Complementary / Q000096:biosynthesis; D005260:Female; D006710:Homocysteine / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology; D050903:Nicotinamide N-Methyltransferase / Q000378:metabolism*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D018076:DNA, Complementary; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014280:Triglycerides; D006710:Homocysteine; D002784:Cholesterol; D050903:Nicotinamide N-Methyltransferase