title: Organic extracts from Indigofera suffruticosa leaves have antimicrobial and synergic actions with erythromycin against Staphylococcus aureus.
abstract: A characteristic feature of Staphylococcus aureus is its ability to acquire resistance to antimicrobial agents. There is a need, therefore, for new approaches to combat this pathogen; for example, employing a combination of plant-derived products and antibiotics to overcome bacterial resistance. Indigofera suffruticosa is a plant popularly used to treat infections and has verified antimicrobial action. Here, we investigate the antimicrobial activity of different extracts from I. suffruticosa against S. aureus and their synergistic effects with erythromycin. Leaves of I. suffruticosa were extracted sequentially using diethyl ether, chloroform and acetone and the antimicrobial activity of each extract then tested against nine clinical isolates of S. aureus. Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) were determined by microdilution tests, while the fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC) was assessed by checkerboard assay. All organic solvent extracts showed antimicrobial activity against S. aureus strains. The acetone extract was the most potent inhibitor of S. aureus (MIC and MBC of 0.78 and 3.12 mg/mL), followed by the chloroform extract (MIC and MBC of 3.12 and 6.25 mg/mL). Furthermore, acetone or chloroform extracts of I. suffruticosa enhanced the activity of erythromycin against S. aureus (FIC ≤ 0.5). We conclude that organic extracts from leaves of I. suffruticosa, alone or combined with erythromycin, are promising natural products for the development of new anti-S. aureus formulations.
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Química e Metabolismo de Lipídios e Lipoproteínas, Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco Recife, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ana Thereza
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Bezerra Dos Santos
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Química e Metabolismo de Lipídios e Lipoproteínas, Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco Recife, Brazil.
authors.forename: Tiago Ferreira da Silva
authors.initials: TF
authors.lastname: Araújo
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Glicoproteínas, Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco Recife, Brazil.
authors.forename: Luis Cláudio
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Nascimento da Silva
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Química e Metabolismo de Lipídios e Lipoproteínas, Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco Recife, Brazil.
authors.forename: Cleideana Bezerra
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: da Silva
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Ecologia Aplicada e Fitoquímica, Departamento de Botânica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco Recife, Brazil.
authors.forename: Antonio Fernando Morais
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: de Oliveira
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Genética de Microrganismos, Departamento de Antibióticos, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco Recife, Brazil.
authors.forename: Janete Magali
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Araújo
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Glicoproteínas, Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco Recife, Brazil.
authors.forename: Maria Tereza Dos Santos
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Correia
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Química e Metabolismo de Lipídios e Lipoproteínas, Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco Recife, Brazil.
authors.forename: Vera Lúcia de Menezes
authors.initials: VL
authors.lastname: Lima
keywords: S. aureus; antibacterial agents; macrolide antibiotic; plant extracts