title: Autophagy in malignant transformation and cancer progression.
abstract: Autophagy plays a key role in the maintenance of cellular homeostasis. In healthy cells, such a homeostatic activity constitutes a robust barrier against malignant transformation. Accordingly, many oncoproteins inhibit, and several oncosuppressor proteins promote, autophagy. Moreover, autophagy is required for optimal anticancer immunosurveillance. In neoplastic cells, however, autophagic responses constitute a means to cope with intracellular and environmental stress, thus favoring tumor progression. This implies that at least in some cases, oncogenesis proceeds along with a temporary inhibition of autophagy or a gain of molecular functions that antagonize its oncosuppressive activity. Here, we discuss the differential impact of autophagy on distinct phases of tumorigenesis and the implications of this concept for the use of autophagy modulators in cancer therapy.
authors.affiliation: Equipe 11 labellisée pas la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France INSERM U1138, Paris, France Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France Université Paris Descartes Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France deadoc@vodafone.it.
authors.forename: Lorenzo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Galluzzi
authors.affiliation: Equipe 11 labellisée pas la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France INSERM U1138, Paris, France Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France.
authors.forename: Federico
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pietrocola
authors.affiliation: Equipe 11 labellisée pas la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France INSERM U1138, Paris, France Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France.
authors.forename: José Manuel
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Bravo-San Pedro
authors.affiliation: Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Ravi K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Amaravadi
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Eric H
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Baehrecke
authors.affiliation: Cell Stress and Survival Unit, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia and Department of Biology University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Cecconi
authors.affiliation: Université Paris Descartes Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France Institut Necker Enfants-Malades (INEM), Paris, France INSERM U1151, Paris, France CNRS UMR8253, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Patrice
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Codogno
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Jayanta
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Debnath
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond Virginia, VA, USA.
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Gewirtz
authors.affiliation: Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, NJ, USA.
authors.forename: Vassiliki
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Karantza
authors.affiliation: Division of Genomic Stability and DNA Repair, Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Alec
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kimmelman
authors.affiliation: Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
authors.forename: Sharad
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.affiliation: Center for Autophagy Research, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Beth
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Levine
authors.affiliation: Equipe 11 labellisée pas la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France INSERM U1138, Paris, France Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France.
authors.forename: Maria Chiara
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Maiuri
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics, Trinity College, The Smurfit Institute, Dublin, Ireland.
authors.forename: Seamus J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.affiliation: Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Josef
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Penninger
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy National Institute for Infectious Diseases IRCCS 'Lazzaro Spallanzani', Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Mauro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Piacentini
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
authors.forename: David C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Rubinsztein
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Hans-Uwe
authors.initials: HU
authors.lastname: Simon
authors.affiliation: Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Simonsen
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA.
authors.forename: Andrew M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Thorburn
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, School of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Guillermo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Velasco
authors.affiliation: Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK.
authors.forename: Kevin M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Ryan
authors.affiliation: Equipe 11 labellisée pas la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France INSERM U1138, Paris, France Université Paris Descartes Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France Pôle de Biologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France.
authors.forename: Guido
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kroemer
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001343:Autophagy; D002471:Cell Transformation, Neoplastic / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D019139:Tumor Escape; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins
keywords: Beclin 1; KRAS; adaptive stress responses; inflammation; mitophagy