title: Gambogic acid induces death of K562 cells through autophagy and apoptosis mechanisms.
abstract: This study was aimed to detect the effects of gambogic acid (GA) on the growth of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) K562 cells. Our results showed that GA induced the accumulation of autophagic vacuoles and up-regulation of two autophagy-related proteins (Beclin 1 and LC3). GA also induced down-regulation of mRNA levels of BCR-ABL fusion gene and SQSTM1/sequestosome 1 (p62) protein levels. After treatment by chloroquine (CQ) and pan caspase inhibitor Z-VAD-FMK (PC), both GA-induced autophagy and apoptosis were inhibited. Our study demonstrates that GA may induce cell death through autophagy and apoptosis pathways in CML K562 cells. A cross-talk mechanism exists between GA-induced autophagy and apoptosis. However, the mechanism of GA for inducing autophagy and apoptosis need further clarification.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Hematology , Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School , Nanjing, Jiangsu , China.
authors.forename: Jinhao
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: a Department of Hematology , Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School , Nanjing, Jiangsu , China.
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: a Department of Hematology , Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School , Nanjing, Jiangsu , China.
authors.forename: Qian
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: a Department of Hematology , Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School , Nanjing, Jiangsu , China.
authors.forename: Jingyan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: a Department of Hematology , Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School , Nanjing, Jiangsu , China.
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ouyang
mesh_terms: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D001343:Autophagy / Q000187:drug effects*; D015415:Biomarkers; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D016044:Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015870:Gene Expression; D006801:Humans; D020014:K562 Cells; D015464:Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D044004:Xanthones / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D015415:Biomarkers; D044004:Xanthones; C052659:gambogic acid; D016044:Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl
keywords: Gambogic acid; apoptosis; autophagy; chronic myelogenous leukemia