title: Intra-abdominal temperature distribution during consolidation hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy with carboplatin in the treatment of advanced stage ovarian carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) involves the continuous heating and circulation of chemotherapy throughout the abdominal cavity in an attempt to enhance cytotoxicity. Despite the potential of this chemotherapy procedure, there are scant anatomical temperature distribution studies reporting on this therapeutic process.
  
  
  METHODS
  We prospectively evaluated the temperature of select anatomical (e.g. upper abdominal, mid-abdominal and supra-pubic) sites in 11 advanced stage ovarian cancer patients who were treated with consolidation HIPEC carboplatin (AUC 10). The temperature of the aforementioned anatomical regions and the inflow/outflow tubing was measured at baseline and at 15-min intervals until the procedure's completion.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The lowest observed mean composite temperature was 41.1 °C at the supra-pubic site whereas the highest temperature was 42.6 °C, in association with the inflow/outflow tubing. During the various time intervals we also ascertained that the lowest composite temperature was 40.9 °C at baseline (i.e. time 0), whereas the highest value (41.8 °C) occurred at multiple time periods (e.g., 15, 45 and 60 min).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The HIPEC temperature variation amongst the various abdominal sites and time intervals was minimal. We also discerned that uniform temperature distribution throughout the abdominal cavity was facilitated when the abdomen was both maximally distended with fluid and a high flow rate was maintained.
authors.affiliation: Gynecologic Oncology Associates, Newport Beach , California , USA.
authors.forename: Mark A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Rettenmaier
authors.forename: Alberto A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Mendivil
authors.forename: Crystal M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Gray
authors.forename: Amber P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Chapman
authors.forename: Michelle K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Stone
authors.forename: Erin J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Tinnerman
authors.forename: Bram H
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Goldstein
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001831:Body Temperature / Q000187:drug effects*; D016190:Carboplatin / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000077216:Carcinoma, Ovarian Epithelial; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006979:Hyperthermia, Induced / Q000379:methods*; D007274:Injections, Intraperitoneal; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D009375:Neoplasms, Glandular and Epithelial / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D011446:Prospective Studies
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D016190:Carboplatin
keywords: Carboplatin; HIPEC; intra-abdominal heat distribution; ovarian cancer