title: Influence of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells pre-implantation differentiation approach on periodontal regeneration in vivo.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The implantation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has previously been shown successful to achieve periodontal regeneration. However, the preferred pre-implantation differentiation strategy (e.g. maintenance of stemness, osteogenic or chondrogenic induction) to obtain optimal periodontal regeneration is still unknown. This in vivo study explored which differentiation approach is most suitable for periodontal regeneration.
  
  
  METHODS
  Mesenchymal stem cells were obtained from Fischer rats and seeded onto poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)/poly(ɛ-caprolactone) electrospun scaffolds, and then pre-cultured under different in vitro conditions: (i) retention of multilineage differentiation potential; (ii) osteogenic differentiation approach; and (iii) chondrogenic differentiation approach. Subsequently, the cell-scaffold constructs were implanted into experimental periodontal defects of Fischer rats, with empty scaffolds as controls. After 6 weeks of implantation, histomorphometrical analyses were applied to evaluate the regenerated periodontal tissues.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The chondrogenic differentiation approach showed regeneration of alveolar bone and ligament tissues. The retention of multilineage differentiation potential supported only ligament regeneration, while the osteogenic differentiation approach boosted alveolar bone regeneration.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Chondrogenic differentiation of MSCs before implantation is a useful strategy for regeneration of alveolar bone and periodontal ligament, in the currently used rat model.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomaterials, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
authors.forename: Xinjie
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.forename: Fang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Xiangzhen
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.forename: Wanxun
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Na
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Daniel A W
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Oortgiesen
authors.forename: Yining
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: John A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Jansen
authors.forename: X Frank
authors.initials: XF
authors.lastname: Walboomers
mesh_terms: D016301:Alveolar Bone Loss / Q000628:therapy; D000539:Alveolar Process / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry; D002208:Caproates / Q000737:chemistry; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000502:physiology; D002469:Cell Separation; D020219:Chondrogenesis / Q000502:physiology; D003470:Culture Media; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D007783:Lactones / Q000737:chemistry; D008297:Male; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000502:physiology*; D039902:Multipotent Stem Cells / Q000502:physiology; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000502:physiology; D010513:Periodontal Ligament / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology*; D011100:Polyglycolic Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D000077182:Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D011916:Rats, Inbred F344; D012038:Regeneration / Q000502:physiology*; D013499:Surface Properties; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D002208:Caproates; D003470:Culture Media; D007783:Lactones; D000077182:Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer; D011100:Polyglycolic Acid; D019344:Lactic Acid; C121056:caprolactone
keywords: cell differentiation; in vivo; mesenchymal stem cells; periodontal regeneration; tissue engineering