title: One-step synthesis of gradient gadolinium ironhexacyanoferrate nanoparticles: a new particle design easily combining MRI contrast and photothermal therapy.
abstract: A one-step synthesis of Prussian blue nanoparticles possessing a concentration gradient of Gd3+ counterions, g-Gd-PB, has been developed, and the potential for the particles to perform as both MRI positive contrast agents and photothermal therapy agents is demonstrated. The synthesis of potassium/gadolinium ironhexacyanoferrate is performed under increasing concentration of Gd3+ ions forming particles with a higher concentration of gadolinium toward the outer layers. The proton relaxivity (r1) measured for the particles is 12.3 mM(-1) s(-1), and T1 weighted images of phantoms containing the particles show their potential as MRI contrast agents. In addition, the Prussian blue host can rapidly and efficiently convert energy from near-IR light into thermal energy, allowing g-Gd-PB to be used as a photothermal therapy agent. The photothermal properties are demonstrated by measuring temperature changes of particle suspensions under irradiation and by photothermal ablation of CCRF-CEM cancer cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-7200, USA. talham@chem.ufl.edu.
authors.forename: Yichen
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Carissa H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Daniel R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Talham
mesh_terms: D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000138:chemical synthesis; D004058:Diffusion; D005295:Ferrocyanides / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005682:Gadolinium / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D008027:Light; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D058185:Magnetite Nanoparticles / Q000627:therapeutic use; D053769:Nanocapsules / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D009374:Neoplasms, Experimental / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology*; D010316:Particle Size; D010778:Photochemotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D005295:Ferrocyanides; D058185:Magnetite Nanoparticles; D053769:Nanocapsules; D005682:Gadolinium; C000170:ferric ferrocyanide