title: Tissue engineering for bone regeneration and osseointegration in the oral cavity.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The focus of this review is to summarize recent advances on regenerative technologies (scaffolding matrices, cell/gene therapy and biologic drug delivery) to promote reconstruction of tooth and dental implant-associated bone defects.
  
  
  METHODS
  An overview of scaffolds developed for application in bone regeneration is presented with an emphasis on identifying the primary criteria required for optimized scaffold design for the purpose of regenerating physiologically functional osseous tissues. Growth factors and other biologics with clinical potential for osteogenesis are examined, with a comprehensive assessment of pre-clinical and clinical studies. Potential novel improvements to current matrix-based delivery platforms for increased control of growth factor spatiotemporal release kinetics are highlighting including recent advancements in stem cell and gene therapy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  An analysis of existing scaffold materials, their strategic design for tissue regeneration, and use of growth factors for improved bone formation in oral regenerative therapies results in the identification of current limitations and required improvements to continue moving the field of bone tissue engineering forward into the clinical arena.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Development of optimized scaffolding matrices for the predictable regeneration of structurally and physiologically functional osseous tissues is still an elusive goal. The introduction of growth factor biologics and cells has the potential to improve the biomimetic properties and regenerative potential of scaffold-based delivery platforms for next-generation patient-specific treatments with greater clinical outcome predictability.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 1101 Beal Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA. Electronic address: spilipch@umich.edu.
authors.forename: Sophia P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Pilipchuk
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 1011 N. University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA. Electronic address: aplonka@umich.edu.
authors.forename: Alexandra B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Plonka
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 1011 N. University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA. Electronic address: amonjec@umich.edu.
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Monje
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 1011 N. University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA. Electronic address: adtaut@umich.edu.
authors.forename: Andrei D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Taut
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 1011 N. University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA. Electronic address: alelanis@umich.edu.
authors.forename: Alejandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lanis
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 1011 N. University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA. Electronic address: benkang@umich.edu.
authors.forename: Benjamin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 1011 N. University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 1101 Beal Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA. Electronic address: wgiannob@umich.edu.
authors.forename: William V
authors.initials: WV
authors.lastname: Giannobile
mesh_terms: D001861:Bone Regeneration / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D009055:Mouth; D016348:Osseointegration / Q000502:physiology*; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods*
keywords: Bone tissue engineering; Cell therapy; Gene therapy; Growth factor delivery; Periodontal regeneration; Scaffolds