title: Noncoding RNAs in β cell biology.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The identification and characterization of essential islet transcription factors have improved our understanding of β cell development, provided insights into many of the cellular dysfunctions related to diabetes, and facilitated the successful generation of β cells from alternative cell sources. Recently, noncoding RNAs have emerged as a novel set of molecules that may represent missing components of the known islet regulatory pathways. The purpose of this article is to highlight studies that have implicated noncoding RNAs as important regulators of pancreas cell development and β cell function.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Disruption of essential components of the microRNA processing machinery, in addition to misregulation of individual microRNAs, has revealed the importance of microRNAs in pancreas development and β cell function. Furthermore, over 1000 islet-specific long noncoding RNAs have been identified in mouse and human islets, suggesting that this class of noncoding molecules will also play important functional roles in the β cell.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The analysis of noncoding RNAs in the pancreas will provide important new insights into pancreatic regulatory processes that will improve our ability to understand and treat diabetes, and may facilitate the generation of replacement β cells from alternative cell sources.
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Ruth A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Singer
authors.forename: Luis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Arnes
authors.forename: Lori
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sussel
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D050417:Insulin-Secreting Cells / Q000378:metabolism*; D011379:Prognosis; D022661:RNA, Untranslated / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D022661:RNA, Untranslated