title: Characterization and screening of pyrrolizidine alkaloids and N-oxides from botanicals and dietary supplements using UHPLC-high resolution mass spectrometry.
abstract: The UHPLC-QToF-MS analysis of pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) from various parts of 37 botanicals and 7 products was performed. A separation by LC was achieved using a reversed-phase column and a gradient of water/acetonitrile each containing formic acid as the mobile phase. MS-MS detection was used because of its high selectivity, and ability to provide structural information. Free base and N-oxides were observed by this method. PAs were analyzed and detected in plants from three different families, viz., Asteraceae, Boraginaceae and Fabaceae. The Asteraceae family was found to contain senecionine and lycopsamine type PAs. The Boraginaceae family contained lycopsamine and heliotrine type PAs and the Fabaceae family contained senecionine and monocrotaline type PAs. These PAs may serve as important markers for the detection of these plant materials in food and dietary supplements. PAs were identified in 44 samples by comparing their retention times, accurate mass and mass fragmentation patterns with those of 25 reference standards.
authors.affiliation: National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA.
authors.forename: Bharathi
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Avula
authors.affiliation: National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA.
authors.forename: Satyanarayanaraju
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sagi
authors.affiliation: National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA.
authors.forename: Yan-Hong
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Agilent Technologies, 2850 Centerville Rd, Wilmington, DE 19808-1610, USA.
authors.forename: Jerry
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zweigenbaum
authors.affiliation: National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA.
authors.forename: Mei
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA; Division of Pharmacognosy, Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA; Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Electronic address: ikhan@olemiss.edu.
authors.forename: Ikhlas A
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Khan
mesh_terms: D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D019587:Dietary Supplements / Q000032:analysis*; D010087:Oxides / Q000032:analysis; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000032:analysis*; D011763:Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids / Q000032:analysis*; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D010087:Oxides; D010936:Plant Extracts; D011763:Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids
keywords: Botanicals; Characterization; Dietary supplements; LC–QToF-MS; N-oxides; Pyrrolizidine alkaloids