title: Quality control systems in cardiac aging.
abstract: Cardiac aging is an intrinsic process that results in impaired cardiac function, along with cellular and molecular changes. These degenerative changes are intimately associated with quality control mechanisms. This review provides a general overview of the clinical and cellular changes which manifest in cardiac aging, and the quality control mechanisms involved in maintaining homeostasis and retarding aging. These mechanisms include autophagy, ubiquitin-mediated turnover, apoptosis, mitochondrial quality control and cardiac matrix homeostasis. Finally, we discuss aging interventions that have been observed to impact cardiac health outcomes. These include caloric restriction, rapamycin, resveratrol, GDF11, mitochondrial antioxidants and cardiolipin-targeted therapeutics. A greater understanding of the quality control mechanisms that promote cardiac homeostasis will help to understand the benefits of these interventions, and hopefully lead to further improved therapeutic modalities.
authors.affiliation: University of Washington School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Box 357470, Seattle, WA 98195-7470, United States. Electronic address: equarles@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Ellen K
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Quarles
authors.affiliation: University of Washington School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Box 357470, Seattle, WA 98195-7470, United States. Electronic address: ddaofu@u.washington.edu.
authors.forename: Dao-Fu
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Dai
authors.affiliation: University of Washington School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Box 357470, Seattle, WA 98195-7470, United States. Electronic address: uw.tocchi@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Autumn
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tocchi
authors.affiliation: University of Washington School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Box 357470, Seattle, WA 98195-7470, United States. Electronic address: nbasisty@uw.edu.
authors.forename: Nathan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Basisty
authors.affiliation: University of Washington School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Box 357470, Seattle, WA 98195-7470, United States. Electronic address: mlemuel@uw.edu.
authors.forename: Lemuel
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gitari
authors.affiliation: University of Washington School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Box 357470, Seattle, WA 98195-7470, United States. Electronic address: petersr@u.washington.edu.
authors.forename: Peter S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Rabinovitch
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D004260:DNA Repair; D004032:Diet; D006321:Heart / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D011786:Quality Control
keywords: Aging; Cardiac function; Heart; Proteostasis; Quality control