title: Effect of deoxynivalenol (DON) mycotoxin on in vivo and in vitro porcine circovirus type 2 infections.
abstract: Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a mycotoxin produced by Fusarium spp and is a common contaminant of grains in North America. Among farm animals, swine are the most susceptible to DON because it markedly reduces feed intake and decreases weight gain. Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is the main causative agent of several syndromes in weaning piglets collectively known as porcine circovirus-associated disease (PCVAD). The objectives of this study were to investigate the impact of DON on PCV2 replication in NPTr permissive cell line, and to determine eventual potentiating effects of DON on PCV2 infection in pigs. Noninfected and infected cells with PCV2 were treated with increasing concentrations of DON (0, 70, 140, 280, 560, 1200 ng/mL) and cell survival and virus titer were evaluated 72 h postinfection. Thirty commercial piglets were randomly divided into 3 experimental groups of 10 animals based on DON content of served diets (0, 2.5 and 3.5 mg/kg DON). All groups were further divided into subgroups of 6 pigs and were inoculated with PCV2b virus. The remaining pigs (control) were sham-inoculated with PBS. In vitro results showed that low concentrations of DON could potentially increase PCV2 replication depending on virus genotype. In vivo results showed that even though viremia and lung viral load tend to be higher in animal ingesting DON contaminated diet at 2.5 mg/kg, DON had no significant effect on clinical manifestation of PCVAD in PCV2b infected animals. DON has neither in vitro nor in vivo clear potentiating effects in the development of porcine circovirus infection despite slight increases in viral replication.
authors.affiliation: Groupe de recherche sur les maladies infectieuses du porc (GREMIP), Centre de recherche en infectiologie porcine et avicole (CRIPA), Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada.
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Savard
authors.affiliation: Groupe de recherche sur les maladies infectieuses du porc (GREMIP), Centre de recherche en infectiologie porcine et avicole (CRIPA), Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada.
authors.forename: Chantale
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Provost
authors.affiliation: Groupe de recherche sur les maladies infectieuses du porc (GREMIP), Centre de recherche en infectiologie porcine et avicole (CRIPA), Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada.
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Alvarez
authors.affiliation: Département de Biomédecine vétérinaire, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada.
authors.forename: Vicente
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Pinilla
authors.affiliation: Groupe de recherche sur les maladies infectieuses du porc (GREMIP), Centre de recherche en infectiologie porcine et avicole (CRIPA), Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada.
authors.forename: Nedzad
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Music
authors.affiliation: Groupe de recherche sur les maladies infectieuses du porc (GREMIP), Centre de recherche en infectiologie porcine et avicole (CRIPA), Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada.
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jacques
authors.affiliation: Groupe de recherche sur les maladies infectieuses du porc (GREMIP), Centre de recherche en infectiologie porcine et avicole (CRIPA), Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada.
authors.forename: Carl A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Gagnon
authors.affiliation: Département de Biomédecine vétérinaire, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada. Electronic address: younes.chorfi@umontreal.ca.
authors.forename: Younes
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chorfi
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed; D000818:Animals; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D018173:Circoviridae Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000662:veterinary*; D017925:Circovirus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D011897:Random Allocation; D013552:Swine; D013553:Swine Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000821:virology; D014255:Trichothecenes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019562:Viral Load; D014766:Viremia; D014779:Virus Replication / Q000187:drug effects*; D014886:Weaning
chemical_list: D014255:Trichothecenes; C007262:deoxynivalenol
keywords: DON contamination; PCV2 infection; Pig