title: Cognitive Performance Scores for the Pediatric Automated Neuropsychological Assessment Metrics in Childhood-Onset Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To develop and initially validate a global cognitive performance score (CPS) for the Pediatric Automated Neuropsychological Assessment Metrics (PedANAM) to serve as a screening tool of cognition in childhood lupus.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients (n = 166) completed the 9 subtests of the PedANAM battery, each of which provides 3 principal performance parameters (accuracy, mean reaction time for correct responses, and throughput). Cognitive ability was measured by formal neurocognitive testing or estimated by the Pediatric Perceived Cognitive Function Questionnaire-43 to determine the presence or absence of neurocognitive dysfunction (NCD). A subset of the data was used to develop 4 candidate PedANAM-CPS indices with supervised or unsupervised statistical approaches: PedANAM-CPSUWA , i.e., unweighted averages of the accuracy scores of all PedANAM subtests; PedANAM-CPSPCA , i.e., accuracy scores of all PedANAM subtests weighted through principal components analysis; PedANAM-CPSlogit , i.e., algorithm derived from logistic models to estimate NCD status based on the accuracy scores of all of the PedANAM subtests; and PedANAM-CPSmultiscore , i.e., algorithm derived from logistic models to estimate NCD status based on select PedANAM performance parameters. PedANAM-CPS candidates were validated using the remaining data.
  
  
  RESULTS
  PedANAM-CPS indices were moderately correlated with each other (|r| > 0.65). All of the PedANAM-CPS indices discriminated children by NCD status across data sets (P < 0.036). The PedANAM-CPSmultiscore had the highest area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) across all data sets for identifying NCD status (AUC >0.74), followed by the PedANAM-CPSlogit , the PedANAM-CPSPCA , and the PedANAM-CPSUWA , respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Based on preliminary validation and considering ease of use, the PedANAM-CPSmultiscore and the PedANAM-CPSPCA appear to be best suited as global measures of PedANAM performance.
authors.affiliation: Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio.
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Vega-Fernandez
authors.affiliation: University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio.
authors.forename: Shana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vanderburgh White
authors.affiliation: Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zelko
authors.affiliation: Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston.
authors.forename: Natasha M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Ruth
authors.affiliation: The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Deborah M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Levy
authors.affiliation: Texas Children's Hospital and Baylor University College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.
authors.forename: Eyal
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Muscal
authors.affiliation: Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.
authors.forename: Marisa S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Klein-Gitelman
authors.affiliation: IWK Health Centre, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
authors.forename: Adam M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Huber
authors.affiliation: British Columbia Children's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia.
authors.forename: Lori B
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Tucker
authors.affiliation: University of Oklahoma.
authors.forename: Tresa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Roebuck-Spencer
authors.affiliation: University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ying
authors.affiliation: Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio.
authors.forename: Hermine I
authors.initials: HI
authors.lastname: Brunner
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D017668:Age of Onset; D000465:Algorithms; D019540:Area Under Curve; D002648:Child; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000523:psychology*; D008297:Male; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D012372:ROC Curve