title: UV-independent induction of beta defensin 3 in neonatal human skin explants.
abstract: In order to determine the effect of UV radiation on β-defensin 3 (BD3) expression in human skin, freshly-isolated UV-naïve skin was obtained from newborn male infants undergoing planned circumcision.  Skin explants sustained ex vivo dermis side down on RPMI media were exposed to 0.5 kJ/m (2) UVB, and biopsies were taken from the explant through 72 hours after radiation.  mRNA expression was measured by qRTPCR and normalized to TATA-binding protein.  BD3 expression at each time point was compared with an untreated control taken at time 0 within each skin sample.  Extensive variability in both the timing and magnitude of BD3 induction across individuals was noted and was not predicted by skin pigment phenotype, suggesting that BD3 induction was not influenced by epidermal melanization.  However, a mock-irradiated time course demonstrated UV-independent BD3 mRNA increases across multiple donors which was not further augmented by treatment with UV radiation, suggesting that factors other than UV damage promoted increased BD3 expression in the skin explants.  We conclude that BD3 expression is induced in a UV-independent manner in human skin explants processed and maintained in standard culture conditions, and that neonatal skin explants are an inappropriate model with which to study the effects of UV on BD3 induction in whole human skin.
authors.affiliation: The Markey Cancer Center and the Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536, USA.
authors.forename: Erin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Wolf Horrell
authors.affiliation: The Markey Cancer Center and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536, USA.
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: D'Orazio
keywords: UV radiation; beta-defensin; mRNA; qRTPCR