title: Facial Expression in Response to Smell and Taste Stimuli in Small and Appropriate for Gestational Age Newborns.
abstract: Small for gestational age newborns can later suffer from eating difficulties and slow growth. Nutritional preferences can be influenced by changes in sensory perception of smell and taste. To determine whether these could be detected at birth, the authors examined the different recognition pattern of smell and taste in small for gestational age newborns compared to appropriate for gestational age controls, as expressed by gusto-facial and naso-facial reflexes. The authors performed video analysis of facial expressions of 10 small for gestational age and 12 control newborns exposed to various tastes and smells. No difference in the facial recognition patterns for taste or smell was demonstrated between small for gestational age and controls, except for perception of distilled water. Newborns show recognizable patterns of facial expression in response to taste and smell stimuli. Perception of taste and smell in small for gestational age newborns is not different from controls, as measured by the method of facial recognition.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Child Development and Pediatric Neurology Unit, Tel Aviv Medical Center and Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel michaelr@tlvmc.gov.il.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rotstein
authors.affiliation: Institute for Child Development and Pediatric Neurology Unit, Tel Aviv Medical Center and Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
authors.forename: Orit
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Stolar
authors.affiliation: Institute for Child Development and Pediatric Neurology Unit, Tel Aviv Medical Center and Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
authors.forename: Shimrit
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Uliel
authors.affiliation: Lis Maternity Hospital, Tel Aviv Medical Center and Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
authors.forename: Dror
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mandel
authors.affiliation: Lis Maternity Hospital, Tel Aviv Medical Center and Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
authors.forename: Ariel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mani
authors.affiliation: Lis Maternity Hospital, Tel Aviv Medical Center and Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
authors.forename: Shaul
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dollberg
authors.affiliation: School of Nutritional Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel.
authors.forename: Ram
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Reifen
authors.affiliation: School of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.
authors.forename: Jacob E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Steiner
authors.affiliation: Institute for Child Development and Pediatric Neurology Unit, Tel Aviv Medical Center and Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
authors.forename: Shaul
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Harel
authors.affiliation: Institute for Child Development and Pediatric Neurology Unit, Tel Aviv Medical Center and Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
authors.forename: Yael
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Leitner
mesh_terms: D002657:Child Development / Q000502:physiology; D005149:Facial Expression; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007236:Infant, Small for Gestational Age / Q000502:physiology / Q000523:psychology; D008297:Male; D055696:Olfactory Perception / Q000502:physiology; D046709:Pattern Recognition, Physiological / Q000502:physiology; D010812:Physical Stimulation; D011674:Pulse; D012018:Reflex / Q000502:physiology; D012119:Respiration; D055697:Taste Perception / Q000502:physiology; D013997:Time Factors; D014741:Video Recording
keywords: IUGR; growth; gusto-facial reflex; intrauterine growth retardation; naso-facial reflex; pregnancy; smell perception; taste perception; video analysis