title: Human activity and rest in situ.
abstract: Our lives are structured by the daily alternation of activity and rest, of wake and sleep. Despite significant advances in circadian and sleep research, we still lack answers to many of the most fundamental questions about this conspicuous behavioral pattern. We strongly believe that investigating this pattern in entrained conditions, real-life and daily contexts-in situ-will help the field to elucidate some of these central questions. Here, we present two common approaches for in situ investigation of human activity and rest: the Munich ChronoType Questionnaire (MCTQ) and actimetry. In the first half of this chapter, we provide detailed instructions on how to use and interpret the MCTQ. In addition, we give an overview of the main insights gained with this instrument over the past 10 years, including some new findings on the interaction of light and age on sleep timing. In the second half of this chapter, we introduce the reader to the method of actimetry and share our experience in basic analysis techniques, including visualization, smoothing, and cosine model fitting of in situ recorded data. Additionally, we describe our new approach to automatically detect sleep from activity recordings. Our vision is that the broad use of such easy techniques in real-life settings combined with automated analyses will lead to the creation of large databases. The resulting power of big numbers will promote our understanding of such fundamental biological phenomena as sleep.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Medical Psychology, Centre for Chronobiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Bavaria, Germany. Electronic address: roenneberg@lmu.de.
authors.forename: Till
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Roenneberg
authors.affiliation: Institute for Medical Psychology, Centre for Chronobiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Bavaria, Germany; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Munich, Munich, Bavaria, Germany.
authors.forename: Lena K
authors.initials: LK
authors.lastname: Keller
authors.affiliation: Institute for Medical Psychology, Centre for Chronobiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Bavaria, Germany.
authors.forename: Dorothee
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Fischer
authors.affiliation: Institute for Medical Psychology, Centre for Chronobiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Bavaria, Germany.
authors.forename: Joana L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Matera
authors.affiliation: Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
authors.forename: Céline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Vetter
authors.affiliation: Institute for Medical Psychology, Centre for Chronobiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Bavaria, Germany.
authors.forename: Eva C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Winnebeck
mesh_terms: D002940:Circadian Rhythm; D006801:Humans; D012890:Sleep; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: Activity; Chronotype; Circadian; Entrainment; Light; MCTQ; Rest; Sleep; Wake; Zeitgeber