title: Quantitative Determination of Secoiridoids and Phenylpropanoids in Different Extracts of Ligustrum Vulgare L. Leaves by a Validated HPTLC-Photodensitometry Method.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The genus Ligustrum (Oleaceae) is distributed in Europe and Asia (south China and Korea), where it is used to prevent hypertension, sore throats, inflammation and diabetes. The main groups of compounds in extracts of Ligustrum vulgare are biologically active secoiridoids and phenylpropanoids.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the study was primarily the development and validation of a HPTLC-photodensitometry method for separation and determination of secoiridoids (oleacein, oleuropein) and phenylpropanoids (echinacoside) in different extracts prepared from leaves of L. vulgare. A secondary issue was the quantitative screening of oleacein, oleuropein and echinacoside in extracts from leaves collected at different stages of plant growth (from May to September).
  
  
  METHODS
  A HPTLC-photodensitometry method was developed and validated for quantification of oleuropein, oleacein and echinacoside in plant extracts (aqueous and ethanolic extract, decoction, infusion). Silica gel was used as the stationary phase and dichloromethane:methanol:formic acid:water (80:25:1.5:4, v/v/v/v) as the mobile phase.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The HPTLC-photodensitometry method developed for quantification of oleacein, oleuropein and echinacoside was specific, accurate and precise. The presence of oleacein was detected in aqueous extracts, whereas oleuropein was present, in particular, in ethanolic extracts, decoctions and infusions. Echinacoside was detected in all the extracts prepared. The content of secoiridoids was variable from May to September, whereas the amount of echinacoside increased in this term.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The developed and validated HPTLC-photodensitometry method allowed performing fast screening of quantitative profiles of oleacein, oleuropein and echinacoside in preparations of privet leaves.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacognosy and Molecular Basis of Phytotherapy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Monika E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Czerwińska
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacognosy and Molecular Basis of Phytotherapy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Marlena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ziarek
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacognosy and Molecular Basis of Phytotherapy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Agnieszka
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bazylko
authors.affiliation: Department of Vegetable and Medicinal Plants, Warsaw Agricultural University, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Ewa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Osińska
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacognosy and Molecular Basis of Phytotherapy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Anna K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Kiss
mesh_terms: D000447:Aldehydes / Q000032:analysis; D002855:Chromatography, Thin Layer / Q000379:methods*; D003720:Densitometry / Q000379:methods*; D006027:Glycosides / Q000032:analysis; D057888:Iridoid Glucosides; D039823:Iridoids / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D031659:Ligustrum / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000254:growth & development; D057230:Limit of Detection; D010636:Phenols / Q000032:analysis; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry*; D010946:Plants, Medicinal / Q000737:chemistry; D015203:Reproducibility of Results
chemical_list: D000447:Aldehydes; D006027:Glycosides; D057888:Iridoid Glucosides; D039823:Iridoids; D010636:Phenols; D010936:Plant Extracts; C578055:oleacein; C002769:oleuropein; C060297:echinacoside
keywords: HPTLC-photodensitometry; Ligustrum; oleacein; oleuropein; validation