title: Discriminating Lamiophlomis rotata According to Geographical Origin by (1)H-NMR Spectroscopy and Multivariate Analysis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Lamiophlomis rotata (Duyiwei) is a folk herbal medicine that traditionally has been used in China as a hemostatic agent. Raw plant materials used for medicinal products from different geographical regions are often inconsistent in chemical composition. Metabolic fingerprinting provides a new approach for distinguishing the geographical origins of L. rotata.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To identify metabolites that contribute to the different geographical regions of L. rotata samples.
  
  
  METHODS
  Lamiophlomis rotata metabolomics were performed by (1)H-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and multivariate statistical analyses. The L. rotata metabolic profile was prepared for NMR measurements using methanol-d4 solvent. Principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) were applied to analyse the L. rotata (1)H-NMR spectroscopy data.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nine iridoid glycosides, one flavonoid and three phenylpropanoid glycosides were detected in L. rotata by (1)H-NMR spectroscopy. (1)H-NMR measurements and multivariate analysis were used to successfully discriminate samples from three different locations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The NMR-based analysis of L. rotata is a more comprehensive approach than traditional chromatographic methods. Simple sample preparation, rapidity and reproducibility of are additional advantages of NMR analysis.
authors.affiliation: College of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
authors.forename: Zheng
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.affiliation: College of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
authors.forename: Gang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.affiliation: Chongqing Academy of Chinese Materia Medica, Chongqing, China.
authors.forename: Rong-ping
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Chongqing Academy of Chinese Materia Medica, Chongqing, China.
authors.forename: Wei-zao
authors.initials: WZ
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.
authors.forename: Xiang-dong
authors.initials: XD
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: College of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D002681:China; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D006859:Hydrogen / Q000737:chemistry; D057889:Iridoid Glycosides / Q000032:analysis; D019686:Lamiaceae / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy / Q000379:methods*; D055432:Metabolomics / Q000379:methods; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D010946:Plants, Medicinal / Q000737:chemistry; D025341:Principal Component Analysis
chemical_list: D057889:Iridoid Glycosides; D006859:Hydrogen
keywords: 1H-NMR; HCA; Lamiophlomis rotata; PCA; metabolomics