title: Clinical trial of an experimental cleaning solution: antibiofilm effect and integrity of a silicone-based denture liner.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study evaluated the antibiofilm effect of an experimental solution of 2% Ricinus communis (R. communis) on a silicone-based denture liner by means of a randomized clinical trial, as well as the integrity of such liner following a cleansing regimen with such solution.
  
  
  METHODS
  About 30 complete denture wearers had their lower dentures relined with a silicone-based denture liner and randomly allocated to cleanse their dentures by means of: (A) a specific toothbrush for complete dentures and dentifrice; (B) soaking in an experimental 2% R. communis solution; and (C) association of A and B. Considered outcomes were biofilm coverage area (%), microbial counts by means of the deoxy-ribonucleic acid (DNA) checkerboard hybridization technique and physical integrity of the soft liner, assessed during a time interval of 60 days. Mean group values were compared by analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey tests or generalized linear method (α = 0.05).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mechanical method presented the lowest biofilm percentage (1.45 ± 1.03) if compared to the chemical method (2.96 ± 1.98) and the associated one (2.71 ± 1.76). After 60 days (3.37 ± 2.04), biofilm accumulation was higher than at 15 days (1.28 ± 0.77) and 30 days (2.46 ± 1.54). The denture liner was less deteriorated and kept its physical integrity when the mechanical method was applied. The chemical method presented higher effectiveness against microorganisms, including some Candida species.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The 2% R. communis solution presented stronger antimicrobial capacity than brushing on a silicone-based denture liner after immersion. However, it was not superior to the mechanical method in preserving the physical integrity of the material and in biofilm removal.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Soft denture liners hygiene is a very important issue and not conclusive in the literature. The experimental solution of 2% R. communis evaluated presented promising antimicrobial potential and should be more explored to be recommended as cleanser.
authors.affiliation: PhD, Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Ribeirao Preto Dental School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Antonio de Luna Malheiros
authors.initials: Ade L
authors.lastname: Segundo
authors.affiliation: PhD Student, Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Ribeirao Preto Dental School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto São Paulo, Brazil, e-mail: mxpisani@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Marina Xavier
authors.initials: MX
authors.lastname: Pisani
authors.affiliation: PhD Student, Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Ribeirao Preto Dental School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Céssio do
authors.initials: Cd
authors.lastname: Nascimento
authors.affiliation: Associate Professor, Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Ribeirao Preto Dental School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Raphael Freitas
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Souza
authors.affiliation: Associate Professor, Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Ribeirao Preto Dental School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Helena de Freitas Oliveira
authors.initials: Hde F
authors.lastname: Paranhos
authors.affiliation: Associate Professor, Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Ribeirao Preto Dental School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Cléudia Helena
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Silva-Lovato
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects; D058491:Bacterial Load / Q000187:drug effects; D018441:Biofilms / Q000187:drug effects*; D002175:Candida / Q000187:drug effects; D003773:Dental Plaque / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D003802:Dentifrices / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003820:Denture Cleansers / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003822:Denture Liners; D003826:Denture, Complete, Lower; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007101:Immersion; D008875:Middle Aged; D008517:Phytotherapy / Q000379:methods; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012278:Ricinus; D012828:Silicones / Q000737:chemistry*; D013291:Streptococcus / Q000187:drug effects; D013499:Surface Properties; D014099:Toothbrushing / Q000295:instrumentation; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D003802:Dentifrices; D003820:Denture Cleansers; D010936:Plant Extracts; D012828:Silicones