title: Detection of pharmaceutical drug crystallites in solid dispersions by transmission electron microscopy.
abstract: We explored the use of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to evaluate the crystallinity of griseofulvin (GF)/hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate (HPMCAS) solid dispersions. TEM, which provides both real-space images and electron diffraction patterns, was used to unambiguously identify GF crystals in spray dried GF. Using TEM, we were also able to detect GF crystals in a physical mixture of spray dried GF particles and spray dried HPMCAS particles with an overall crystallinity of ∼3 vol %, below the practical lower limit of detection for laboratory-scale wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS). Using TEM and WAXS, we did not find crystals in GF/HPMCAS solid dispersions with GF loadings of 5, 10, and 50 wt %. However, we detected GF crystals in annealed 5 wt % GF solid dispersion using TEM, whereas we did not detect crystals using in situ WAXS and modulated differential scanning calorimetry, thereby establishing the superior crystal detection sensitivity of TEM. We also performed TEM analysis of the in situ growth of GF crystals in a TEM sample of 50 wt % GF solid dispersion. Based on this study, TEM has significant potential for characterizing even small degrees of crystallinity in solid dispersions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science and ‡Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States.
authors.forename: Ralm G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Ricarte
authors.forename: Timothy P
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Lodge
authors.forename: Marc A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Hillmyer
mesh_terms: D001702:Biopharmaceutics; D002152:Calorimetry, Differential Scanning; D003460:Crystallization; D004339:Drug Compounding; D004355:Drug Stability; D005079:Excipients; D006118:Griseofulvin / Q000737:chemistry*; D008747:Methylcellulose / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D012542:Scattering, Radiation; D012995:Solubility
chemical_list: D005079:Excipients; D006118:Griseofulvin; C048331:hydroxypropylmethylcellulose acetate succinate; D008747:Methylcellulose
keywords: crystal detection; solid dispersions; transmission electron microscopy