title: Barriers to social participation among lonely older adults: the influence of social fears and identity.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Loneliness among older adults is a major public health problem that may be associated with processes of social participation and identity. This study therefore sought to examine the relationship between social participation and identity in a sample of lonely older adults living independently in London, England.
  
  
  METHODS
  An inductive qualitative approach, based on semi-structured interviews and thematic analysis, was employed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Participants commonly spoke of barriers to social participation that have been reported elsewhere, including illness/disability, loss of contact with friends/relatives, lack of a supportive community, and lack of acceptable social opportunities. However, novel findings were also derived. In particular, participants commonly minimised the difficulties they faced alone, and described attempts to avoid social opportunities. These behaviours were linked to fears about engaging in social participation opportunities, including fears of social rejection and/or exploitation, and fears of losing valued aspects of identity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It is concluded that social participation amongst lonely older people will not improve through the removal of previously reported barriers alone; instead, older peoples' beliefs, fears and identities must be addressed. Suggestions for implementing these findings within community organisations are provided.
authors.affiliation: Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London (UCL), London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Johanna C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Goll
authors.affiliation: Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London (UCL), London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Georgina
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Charlesworth
authors.affiliation: Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London (UCL), London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Katrina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Scior
authors.affiliation: Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London (UCL), London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Joshua
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Stott
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005190:Family / Q000523:psychology; D005239:Fear / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D033062:Friends / Q000523:psychology; D006801:Humans; D008131:London; D008132:Loneliness / Q000523:psychology*; D008297:Male; D012933:Social Identification; D012934:Social Isolation; D058992:Social Participation; D012944:Social Support