title: Affective temperaments in subjects with female-to-male gender dysphoria.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Males and females have different temperaments. In individuals with gender dysphoria (GD) there is marked incongruence between a person׳s expressed/experienced gender and their biological sex. The present study aimed to investigate the most common affective temperaments in individuals with female-to-male (FtM) GD.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a prospective and comparative study investigating affective temperaments in subjects with FtM GD. Eighty subjects with FtM GD and 68 female controls were enrolled. The Temperament Evaluation of Memphis, Pisa, Paris and San Diego Autoquestionnaire (TEMPS-A) was completed by all participants.
  
  
  RESULTS
  TEMPS-A scores were significantly higher in subjects with FtM GD for hyperthymic temperament (p≤0.001), whereas depressive (p≤0.001), anxious (p≤0.001), and cyclothymic (p=0.028) temperament scores were significantly higher in female controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study was limited by the lack of male-to-female subjects and male controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of our study indicate that individuals with FtM GD have significantly higher scores of hyperthymic temperament, measured by TEMPS-A. Biological basis underlying the development of gender identity independent from the biological sex might be related with affective temperaments.
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Psychiatry, Cerrahpaşa School of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey. Electronic address: senolturan81@yahoo.com.tr.
authors.forename: Şenol
authors.initials: Ş
authors.lastname: Turan
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Psychiatry, Cerrahpaşa School of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Cana Aksoy
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Poyraz
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Psychiatry, Bakırkoy Dr Sadi Konuk Research and Training State Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Tuba
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Öcek Baş
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Psychiatry, Cerrahpaşa School of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ayşe Sakallı
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Kani
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Psychiatry, Cerrahpaşa School of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Alaattin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Duran
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001007:Anxiety / Q000523:psychology; D001828:Body Image / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D005783:Gender Identity; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019964:Mood Disorders / Q000523:psychology*; D010552:Personality Assessment / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D010555:Personality Inventory / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013694:Temperament / Q000145:classification*; D063106:Transgender Persons / Q000523:psychology*; D014189:Transsexualism / Q000523:psychology*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Affective temperaments; Female-to male gender dysphoria; Gender; Gender dysphoria; TEMPS-A