title: Clinical and biochemical factors associated with area and metabolic activity in the visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissues by FDG-PET/CT.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Body fat distribution and inflammation may play a role in metabolic derangements and cardiovascular disease in obesity.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study is to investigate clinical and biochemical factors associated with area and metabolic activity in the visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissues (VAT and SAT).
  
  
  METHODS
  (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography and computed tomography imaging was performed in 251 consecutive subjects (62.6 ± 9.3 y) for risk screening.
  
  
  METHODS
  We examined which clinical, anthropometric, metabolic, and inflammatory variables including advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) were independently associated with area and metabolic activity in VAT and SAT. Adipose tissue area was determined with computed tomography, whereas metabolic activity was assessed by (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose uptake expressed as a target to background ratio (TBR) of blood-normalized standardized uptake.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Serum levels of AGEs and PEDF were 9.81 ± 3.21 U/mL and 14.0 (range 10.8-17.7) μg/mL, respectively. Although the area in VAT and SAT was associated with waist circumference and sex, each adipose tissue area and TBR had different metabolic risk profiles. The TBR value in VAT was higher than that in SAT. In a multiple stepwise regression analysis, AGEs and medication for hypertension were independently associated with VAT TBR (R(2) = 0.102), whereas medication for diabetes, mean intima-media thickness, AGEs, and PEDF were the independent correlates of SAT TBR (R(2) = 0.132).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study demonstrated that area and metabolic activity in VAT and SAT could be differently regulated, suggesting the involvement of AGEs and PEDF in adipose tissue inflammation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (N.T., N.K., A.T., A.H., Y.N., S.I., Y.F.), and Departments of Radiology (H.K., S.K., T.A.) and Pathophysiology and Therapeutics of Diabetic Vascular Complications (T.M., S.-Y.), Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume 830-0011, Japan; and Department of Advanced Medicine (M.T.), Medical Research Institute, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan.
authors.forename: Nobuhiro
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tahara
authors.forename: Sho-Ichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yamagishi
authors.forename: Norihiro
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kodama
authors.forename: Atsuko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tahara
authors.forename: Akihiro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Honda
authors.forename: Yoshikazu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nitta
authors.forename: Sachiyo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Igata
authors.forename: Takanori
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Matsui
authors.forename: Masayoshi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Takeuchi
authors.forename: Hayato
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kaida
authors.forename: Seiji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kurata
authors.forename: Toshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Abe
authors.forename: Yoshihiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fukumoto
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D050218:Body Fat Distribution; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism*; D059168:Carotid Intima-Media Thickness; D005136:Eye Proteins / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D050152:Intra-Abdominal Fat / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors / Q000097:blood; D009765:Obesity / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism*; D011859:Radiography; D011877:Radionuclide Imaging; D012307:Risk Factors; D015843:Serpins / Q000097:blood; D050151:Subcutaneous Fat / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D055105:Waist Circumference; D000099174:Pigment Epithelium-Derived Factor
chemical_list: D005136:Eye Proteins; D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors; D015843:Serpins; D000099174:Pigment Epithelium-Derived Factor