title: Protective Effect of Notoginsenoside R1 on an APP/PS1 Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease by Up-Regulating Insulin Degrading Enzyme and Inhibiting Aβ Accumulation.
abstract: Notoginsenoside R1 (NTR1) is the main active ingredient of the well-known traditional Chinese herbal medicine Panax notoginseng, the root of Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F. H. Chen. Studies demonstrated that NTR1 may have some neuronal protective effects. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by β -amyloid protein (Aβ) deposition, neurofibrillary tangle formation and neuronal loss. This study was designed to explore the protective effect of NTR1 on an APP/PS1 double-transgenic mouse model of AD and investigate the possible mechanism. The 3-month-old mice were fed with 5 mg/(kg•d), 25 mg/(kg•d) NTR1 or vehicle via oral gavage for 3 months and changes in behavior, neuropathology, and amyloid pathology were investigated. The mice with NTR1 treatment showed significant amelioration in the cognitive function and increased choline acetyl transferase expression, as compared to the vehicle treated mice. NTR1 treatment inhibited Aβ accumulation and increased insulin degrading enzyme expression in both APP/PS1 mice and N2a-APP695sw cells, suggesting that of NTR1 may exert its protective effects through the enhancement of the Aβ degradation. Furthermore, our data showed that the increased level of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and the up-regulation of insulin degrading enzyme induced by NTR1 were inhibited by administration of GW9662 (a PPARγ antagonist), indicating that the effect of NTR1 was mediated, at least in part, by PPARγ. Thus, our findings provide the evidences that NTR1 has protective effect on AD mouse model and NTR1 may be a potential candidate for AD treatment.
authors.forename: Zhi
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Hang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Chunhui
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Cui
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lv
authors.forename: Changjia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhong
authors.forename: Wenfeng
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Xin
authors.affiliation: C Building, Beijing Normal University Science Park, No. 12, Xueyuan Southern Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100088, P.R. China. zws@bnu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Wensheng
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000523:psychology; D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides / Q000378:metabolism*; D016564:Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000813:Anilides / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002491:Central Nervous System Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D002795:Choline O-Acetyltransferase / Q000378:metabolism; D003071:Cognition / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D036145:Ginsenosides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D007339:Insulysin / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D047495:PPAR gamma / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D053764:Presenilin-1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011897:Random Allocation; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: C457499:2-chloro-5-nitrobenzanilide; C545487:APP protein, human; D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides; D016564:Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor; D000813:Anilides; D002491:Central Nervous System Agents; D036145:Ginsenosides; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D047495:PPAR gamma; C508853:PSEN1 protein, human; D053764:Presenilin-1; D002795:Choline O-Acetyltransferase; D007339:Insulysin; C072936:notoginsenoside R1