title: Portrait of inflammatory response to ionizing radiation treatment.
abstract: Ionizing radiation (IR) activates both pro-and anti-proliferative signal pathways producing an imbalance in cell fate decision. IR is able to regulate several genes and factors involved in cell-cycle progression, survival and/or cell death, DNA repair and inflammation modulating an intracellular radiation-dependent response. Radiation therapy can modulate anti-tumour immune responses, modifying tumour and its microenvironment. In this review, we report how IR could stimulate inflammatory factors to affect cell fate via multiple pathways, describing their roles on gene expression regulation, fibrosis and invasive processes. Understanding the complex relationship between IR, inflammation and immune responses in cancer, opens up new avenues for radiation research and therapy in order to optimize and personalize radiation therapy treatment for each patient.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathobiology and Medical and Forensic Biotechnologies, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy ; IBFM CNR - LATO, Contrada Pietrapollastra Pisciotto, Cefalù, PA Italy.
authors.forename: Federica Maria
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Di Maggio
authors.affiliation: IBFM CNR - LATO, Contrada Pietrapollastra Pisciotto, Cefalù, PA Italy.
authors.forename: Luigi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Minafra
authors.affiliation: IBFM CNR - LATO, Contrada Pietrapollastra Pisciotto, Cefalù, PA Italy.
authors.forename: Giusi Irma
authors.initials: GI
authors.lastname: Forte
authors.affiliation: IBFM CNR - LATO, Contrada Pietrapollastra Pisciotto, Cefalù, PA Italy.
authors.forename: Francesco Paolo
authors.initials: FP
authors.lastname: Cammarata
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathobiology and Medical and Forensic Biotechnologies, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
authors.forename: Domenico
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lio
authors.affiliation: IBFM CNR - LATO, Contrada Pietrapollastra Pisciotto, Cefalù, PA Italy ; Department of Health Sciences, Tecnomed Foundation, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy ; Nuclear Medicine Center, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy.
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Messa
authors.affiliation: IBFM CNR - LATO, Contrada Pietrapollastra Pisciotto, Cefalù, PA Italy ; Department of Health Sciences, Tecnomed Foundation, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy ; Nuclear Medicine, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Maria Carla
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Gilardi
authors.affiliation: IBFM CNR - LATO, Contrada Pietrapollastra Pisciotto, Cefalù, PA Italy.
authors.forename: Valentina
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Bravatà
keywords: Cytokine; Fibrosis; Inflammation; Invasiveness; Ionizing radiation