title: Mucosal contact points and paranasal sinus pneumatization: Does radiology predict headache causality?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The goal of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of mucosal contact points (MCP), concha bullosa (CB), and variable paranasal sinus (PNS) volumes among patients sent for rhinogenic headache workup as compared with controls.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective study with case and control groups.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-three adults with clear PNS computed tomography (CT) scans were included: 28 patients who have originally undergone PNS CT scan as part of sinus (rhinogenic) headache workup, and 25 controls in whom PNS CT scans were obtained for other purposes. All subjects were asked to report their symptoms using a headache scoring system. CT scans of all subjects were analyzed for presence of MCP, CB, as well as for volumes of maxillary, frontal, and sphenoid sinuses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  MCP was found in 40% of controls, and in 50%, 50%, and 40% of mild, moderate, and severe headache groups, respectively. CB was found in 24% of controls, and in 33.3%, 58.3%, and 20%, of mild, moderate, and severe headache groups, respectively. Total volume of the measured PNS ranged from 23.9 to 81.4 cm(3) (mean ± standard deviation [SD], 48.3 ± 15.8) in the control group and from 5.31 to 87.4 cm(3) (mean ± SD, 43.6 ± 16) in the patient group. No statistically significant difference was found between groups regarding all studied variables.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Radiological identification of MCP, CB, or hyperpneumatized sinuses does not seem to be a predictor of headache causality. Further studies are required to identify clinical scenarios in which these variations may contribute to pain symptoms.
  
  
  METHODS
  3b.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Zagazig, Egypt.|ENT Department, King Abdullah Medical City, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Islam R
authors.initials: IR
authors.lastname: Herzallah
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Zagazig, Egypt.
authors.forename: Maged A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Hamed
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
authors.forename: Salem M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Salem
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, U.S.A.
authors.forename: Maria V
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Suurna
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D004646:Emphysema / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006261:Headache / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009297:Nasal Mucosa / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D010256:Paranasal Sinuses / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Rhinogenic; anatomical; anatomy; concha bullosa; contact point; endoscopic sinus surgery; hyperpneumatization; hyperpneumatized frontal; maxillary; migraine; nasal septal deviation; pneumatized middle; septum; sphenoid; spur; superior turbinate; volume