title: Quantitative diffusion-weighted MRI parameters and human papillomavirus status in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Patients with human papillomavirus-positive oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas have a better survival rate than those with human papillomavirus-negative oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas. DWI characterizes biologically relevant tumor features, and the generated ADC may also provide prognostic information. We explored whether human papillomavirus status and ADC values are independent tumor characteristics.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-four patients with oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas underwent pretreatment DWI. ADC values for the primary tumors were determined by using 3 b-values in an ROI containing the largest area of solid tumor on a single section of an axial DWI image. Human papillomavirus status was determined with p16 immunostaining, followed by high-risk human papillomavirus DNA detection on the p16-positive cases.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-two patients were human papillomavirus-positive (50.0%). ADC values were not significantly different between human papillomavirus-negative (ADC(mean) = 1.56 [1.18-2.18] × 10(3) mm(2)/s) and human papillomavirus-positive tumors (ADC(mean) = 1.46 [1.07-2.16] × 10(3) mm(2)/s).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  No significant association between ADC and human papillomavirus status was found in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas. In our study population, differences in genetic and histologic features between human papillomavirus-positive and human papillomavirus-negative oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas did not translate into different ADC values. Long-term follow-up studies are needed to establish whether ADC has prognostic value and whether this is independent of the human papillomavirus status.
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (C.S.S., B.J.M.B., R.H.B., C.R.L., R.d.B.).
authors.forename: C S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Schouten
authors.affiliation: Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (P.d.G., J.A.C.).
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: de Graaf
authors.affiliation: Pathology (E.B.) Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery/Oral Pathology (E.B.), VU University Medical Center/Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bloemena
authors.affiliation: Epidemiology and Biostatistics (B.I.W.), VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: B I
authors.initials: BI
authors.lastname: Witte
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (C.S.S., B.J.M.B., R.H.B., C.R.L., R.d.B.).
authors.forename: B J M
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Braakhuis
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (C.S.S., B.J.M.B., R.H.B., C.R.L., R.d.B.).
authors.forename: R H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Brakenhoff
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (C.S.S., B.J.M.B., R.H.B., C.R.L., R.d.B.).
authors.forename: C R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Leemans
authors.affiliation: Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (P.d.G., J.A.C.).
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Castelijns
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (C.S.S., B.J.M.B., R.H.B., C.R.L., R.d.B.) r.bree@vumc.nl.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: de Bree
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology* / Q000821:virology*; D038524:Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009959:Oropharyngeal Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology* / Q000821:virology*; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D011379:Prognosis; D015996:Survival Rate