title: β-Carotene and astaxanthin with human and bovine serum albumins.
abstract: β-Carotene and astaxanthin are two carotenoids with powerful antioxidant properties. In this study, the interaction of these two carotenoids with human serum albumin (HSA) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) under physiological conditions was investigated using several spectroscopic techniques. The experimental results indicate the quenching mechanism of HSA/BSA, by the two carotenoids, is a static process. The binding constants and number of binding sites were evaluated at different temperatures. Thermodynamic investigations revealed the interaction between the two carotenoids and HSA/BSA is synergistically driven by enthalpy and entropy, and hydrophobic forces and electrostatic attraction have a significant role in the reactions. Binding site I was found to be the primary binding site for β-carotene and astaxanthin. In addition, as shown by synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy and FT-IR, the two carotenoids may induce conformational and micro-environmental changes in HSA/BSA.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, School of Basic Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, PR China; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, PR China. Electronic address: lixiangrong79@sohu.com.
authors.forename: Xiangrong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, PR China.
authors.forename: Gongke
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, PR China.
authors.forename: Dejun
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, PR China. Electronic address: 1842457577@qq.com.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lu
mesh_terms: D001665:Binding Sites; D006801:Humans; D011485:Protein Binding; D012709:Serum Albumin / Q000737:chemistry*; D012710:Serum Albumin, Bovine / Q000737:chemistry*; D013050:Spectrometry, Fluorescence; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D013816:Thermodynamics; D024341:Xanthophylls / Q000737:chemistry; D019207:beta Carotene / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D012709:Serum Albumin; D024341:Xanthophylls; D019207:beta Carotene; D012710:Serum Albumin, Bovine; C005948:astaxanthine
keywords: Astaxanthin; Bovine serum albumin; FT-IR; Fluorescence spectroscopy; Human serum albumin; UV–vis absorption spectroscopy; β-Carotene