title: Semilobar Holoprosencephaly Associated with Multiple Malformations in a Foal.
abstract: A full-term male foal born in a farm holidays in Maremma (Tuscany, Italy) was euthanized shortly after birth due to the presence of several malformations. The rostral maxilla and the nasal septum were deviated to the right (wry nose), and a severe cervico-thoracic scoliosis and anus atresia were evident. Necropsy revealed ileum atresia and agenesis of the right kidney. The brain showed an incomplete separation of the hemispheres of the rostral third of the forebrain and the olfactory bulbs and tracts were absent (olfactory aplasia). A diagnosis of semilobar holoprosencephaly (HPE) was achieved. This is the first case of semilobar HPE associated with other organ anomalies in horses.
authors.affiliation: Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale of Piemonte, Liguria and Valle d'Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154, Turin, Italy.
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Pintore
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, 56124, Pisa, Italy.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cantile
mesh_terms: D000015:Abnormalities, Multiple / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn / Q000002:abnormalities*; D001006:Anus, Imperforate / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary; D001921:Brain / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000473:pathology; D005004:Ethmoid Bone / Q000002:abnormalities; D016142:Holoprosencephaly / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D006736:Horses / Q000002:abnormalities*; D007082:Ileum / Q000002:abnormalities; D007668:Kidney / Q000002:abnormalities; D008297:Male; D008437:Maxilla / Q000002:abnormalities; D009300:Nasal Septum / Q000002:abnormalities; D012600:Scoliosis / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary