title: Foucault's notion of problematization: a methodological discussion of the application of Foucault's later work to nursing research.
abstract: This study takes its point of departure in an oft-voiced critique that the French philosopher Michel Foucault gives discourse priority over practice, thereby being deterministic and leaving little space for the individual to act as an agent. Based on an interpretation of the latter part of Foucault's oeuvre, we argue against this critique and provide a methodological discussion of the perception that Foucault's method constitutes, primarily, discourse analysis. We argue that it is possible to overcome this critique of Foucault's work by the application of methodological tools adapted from Foucault's later writings and his diagnosis of his own work as studies of forms of problematization. To shed light on the possibilities that this approach offers to the researcher, we present a reading of aspects of Foucault's work, with a focus on his notion of forms of problematization. Furthermore, we elaborate on concepts from his so-called genealogical period, namely 'the dispositive', strategy and tactics. Our interpretation is supported by examples from a study of the emergence of Danish nursing education, which is based on an analytical framework that we developed in the light of an interpretation of aspects of Foucault's work.
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Section for Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
authors.forename: Kirsten
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Frederiksen
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Section for Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.|Faculty of Health Sciences, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
authors.forename: Kirsten
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lomborg
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Section for Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
authors.forename: Kirsten
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Beedholm
mesh_terms: D003718:Denmark; D004506:Education, Nursing; D006801:Humans; D015404:Nursing Methodology Research; D010684:Philosophy; D011209:Power, Psychological; D011340:Problem Solving; D036301:Qualitative Research
keywords: Foucault; critical research approaches; power relations; qualitative research; research methodology