title: Eukaryotic enhancers: common features, regulation, and participation in diseases.
abstract: Enhancers are positive DNA regulatory sequences controlling temporal and tissue-specific gene expression. These elements act independently of their orientation and distance relative to the promoters of target genes. Enhancers act through a variety of transcription factors that ensure their correct match with target promoters and consequent gene activation. There is a growing body of evidence on association of enhancers with transcription factors, co-activators, histone chromatin marks, and lncRNAs. Alterations in enhancers lead to misregulation of gene expression, causing a number of human diseases. In this review, we focus on the common characteristics of enhancers required for transcription stimulation.
authors.affiliation: Department of the Control of Genetic Processes, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 34/5 Vavilov St., Moscow, 119334, Russia.
authors.forename: Maksim
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Erokhin
authors.forename: Yegor
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Vassetzky
authors.forename: Pavel
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Georgiev
authors.forename: Darya
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Chetverina
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002843:Chromatin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D004194:Disease / Q000235:genetics*; D004742:Enhancer Elements, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006657:Histones / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D002843:Chromatin; D006657:Histones; D014157:Transcription Factors