title: The arterial circle of the brain, its branches and connections in selected representatives of the Antilopinae.
abstract: The arterial circle of the brain, that is, the circle of Willis, and its branches in ruminants have been chiefly described in farm animals and only in selected wild species. In view of the deficit of information about this vascular region in numerous other species of the Ruminantia, the arteries of the encephalic base were analyzed in five antelope species representing different genera of the Bovidae, Antilopinae. Specimens of the following species were examined: springbuck (Antidorcas marsupialis), blackbuck (Antilope cervicapra), dik-dik (Madoqua kirkii), saiga (Saiga tatarica), and oribi (Ourebia ourebi). Post-autopsy material received from domestic zoological gardens was used to inject the bilateral common carotid arteries with a stained acetone solution of vinyl superchloride. When the material was polymerized, the specimens were macerated enzymatically. The process resulted in casts of arteries of the head and encephalic base on a skeletal scaffold. The investigations revealed that the bilateral components of the arterial circle of the brain, that is, the rostral cerebral artery and caudal communicating artery, arose from the division of the intracranial segment of the internal carotid artery, which emerges from the rostral epidural rete mirabile. The extracranial segment of the internal carotid artery was obliterated. In consequence of this process, the blood reaches the brain chiefly from the maxillary artery. The research proved that the arteries of the encephalic base in the Antilopinae are most similar to the vessels described in antelopes of Tragelaphus, Taurotragus, and Boselaphus genera and small domestic ruminants. However, they are different from the arterial pattern of the encephalic base in bovines and other species classified as the Bovini.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy of Animals, Poznan University of Life Sciences, PL-60-625, Poznań, Poland.
authors.forename: Hieronim
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Frąckowiak
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy of Animals, Poznan University of Life Sciences, PL-60-625, Poznań, Poland.
authors.forename: Dariusz
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Dębiński
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy of Animals, Poznan University of Life Sciences, PL-60-625, Poznań, Poland.
authors.forename: Marcin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Komosa
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy of Animals, Poznan University of Life Sciences, PL-60-625, Poznań, Poland.
authors.forename: Maciej
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zdun
mesh_terms: D000717:Anatomy, Comparative; D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000098:blood supply*; D002536:Cerebral Arteries / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D008438:Maxillary Artery; D012418:Ruminants / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000145:classification*
keywords: antelopes; brain base arteries; cerebral arteries; circle of Willis; ruminants