title: The toxicological effects of thiamethoxam on Gammarus kischineffensis (Schellenberg 1937) (Crustacea: Amphipoda).
abstract: Neonicotinoids are a new group of insecticides, and little is known about their toxicity to nontarget freshwater organisms an potential effects on freshwater ecosystems. The aim of this study is to establish the acute toxicity and histopathological effects of thiamethoxam-based pesticide on the gill tissue of Gammarus kischineffensis. In this study G. kischineffensis samples were exposed to 2.5, 5, 7.5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90 and 100mg/l of commercial grade thiamethoxam for 96 h. The 24, 48, 72 and 96 h LC50 values were determined as 75.619, 23.505, 8.048 and 3.751 mg/l respectively. In histopathological study the individuals were exposed to 0.004, 0.04 and 0.4 mg/l thiamethoxam concentrations for 14 days. The results showed that the most common changes at all doses of thiamethoxam were vacuolization and hemostatic infiltration in the gill tissue of G. kischineffensis.
authors.affiliation: Dicle University Science and Technology Research and Application Center, 21280 Diyarbakir, Turkey. Electronic address: pelin1356@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Pelin
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Uğurlu
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Section of Hydrobiology, Faculty of Science, University of Dicle, 21280 Diyarbakir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Erhan
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ünlü
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Section of Hydrobiology, Faculty of Science, University of Dicle, 21280 Diyarbakir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Elif İpek
authors.initials: Eİ
authors.lastname: Satar
mesh_terms: D033304:Amphipoda / Q000187:drug effects*; D000818:Animals; D005880:Gills / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D007306:Insecticides / Q000633:toxicity*; D007928:Lethal Dose 50; D000073943:Neonicotinoids; D009574:Nitro Compounds / Q000633:toxicity*; D010078:Oxazines / Q000633:toxicity*; D000077922:Thiamethoxam; D013844:Thiazoles / Q000633:toxicity*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D007306:Insecticides; D000073943:Neonicotinoids; D009574:Nitro Compounds; D010078:Oxazines; D013844:Thiazoles; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D000077922:Thiamethoxam
keywords: Acute toxicity; Gammarus kischineffensis; Histopathology; LC(50) value; Thiamethoxam