title: Can we diagnose isolated, exercise-induced heart failure with normal ejection fraction?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A significant proportion of patients with exertional dyspnea require exercise to diagnose heart failure with normal ejection fraction (HFNEF).
  
  
  RESULTS
  In this review article, we evaluate current data on the prevalence, clinical significance and specifically the establishment of a diagnosis of isolated, exercise-induced HFNEF. Despite the unquestioned clinical importance and high prevalence of exercise-induced HFNEF, there are limited and conflicting data on making a diagnosis of exercise-induced HFNEF. This mostly relies on the evidence of exercise-induced elevation in left ventricular filling pressure (LVFP). At present, there is no agreement on the ability of exercise echocardiographic parameteres to predict exercise-induced LVFP elevation. In addition, even invasively measured exercise LVFP faces the problem of defining normal exercise LVFP values. More data and probably new diagnostic approaches are necessary to reliably diagnose exercise HFNEF.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There are conflicting results and significant problems associated with the diagnosis of exercise HFNEF. This review hopefully will encourage further research in this difficult but clinically important area of heart failure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, St. Anne´s University Hospital, ICRC, Brno, Czech Republic.|Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Jaroslav
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Meluzin
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, St. Anne´s University Hospital, ICRC, Brno, Czech Republic.|Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Zdenka
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Gregorova
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, St. Anne´s University Hospital, ICRC, Brno, Czech Republic.|Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Monika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Spinarova
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, St. Anne´s University Hospital, ICRC, Brno, Czech Republic.|Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Roman
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Panovsky
mesh_terms: D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D004417:Dyspnea / Q000209:etiology; D018618:Echocardiography, Doppler, Color; D025401:Echocardiography, Stress; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005080:Exercise Test; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D013318:Stroke Volume / Q000502:physiology; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology
keywords: exercise echocardiography; heart failure with normal ejection fraction; left ventricular filling pressure