title: The viability of Lactobacillus fermentum CECT5716 is not essential to exert intestinal anti-inflammatory properties.
abstract: Probiotics have been used as alternative therapies in intestinal inflammatory disorders. Many studies have shown that different bacterial probiotic strains possess immuno-modulatory and anti-inflammatory properties. However, there is an increasing interest in the use of non-viable bacteria to reduce the risk of microbial translocation and infection. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the viability of L. fermentum CECT5716 is essential to exert its intestinal anti-inflammatory effect. We compared the preventative effects of viable and non-viable probiotic in the TNBS model of rat colitis. In vitro studies were also performed in Caco-2 and RAW 264.7 cells to evaluate the probiotic effects on IL-8, IL-1β and nitrite production, and p44/42 and p38 MAP kinase protein expressions. In vitro results revealed a decrease in the stimulated production of pro-inflammatory mediators regardless of the viability of the probiotic. Likewise, both forms of the probiotic administered to colitic rats produced a significant reduction of IL-1β and TNF-α levels and colonic iNOS expression. In conclusion, both live and dead L. fermentum CECT5716 have been demonstrated to attenuate the inflammatory process and diminish the production of some of the inflammatory mediators. In fact, the viability of this probiotic did not affect its immuno-modulatory and anti-inflammatory properties.
authors.affiliation: CIBER-EHD, Department of Pharmacology, ibs.GRANADA, Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, Spain. jgalvez@ugr.es.
authors.forename: Alba
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rodríguez-Nogales
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Algieri
authors.forename: Teresa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Vezza
authors.forename: Natividad
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Garrido-Mesa
authors.forename: Mónica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Olivares
authors.forename: Mònica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Comalada
authors.forename: Carlo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Riccardi
authors.forename: Ma Pilar
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Utrilla
authors.forename: Ma Elena
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Rodríguez-Cabezas
authors.forename: Julio
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Galvez
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018938:Caco-2 Cells; D003092:Colitis / Q000382:microbiology / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D000069196:Gastrointestinal Microbiome; D006801:Humans; D056747:Immunomodulation; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism; D007422:Intestines / Q000382:microbiology; D052197:Limosilactobacillus fermentum; D051379:Mice; D050296:Microbial Viability; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D019936:Probiotics; D000067996:RAW 264.7 Cells; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D014302:Trinitrobenzenesulfonic Acid / Q000009:adverse effects; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D016209:Interleukin-8; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D014302:Trinitrobenzenesulfonic Acid; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; C496318:Nos2 protein, rat; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases