title: Gold nanorods and curcumin-loaded nanomicelles for efficient in vivo photothermal therapy of Barrett's esophagus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Provide an enhanced local drug delivery, nanoparticle(s) to minimize systemic effects and achieve enhanced permeability and drug retention into abnormal cells and stroma.
  
  
  METHODS
  Here a simultaneous loading of lipophilic gold nanorods (GNRs) and curcumin into polymeric nanomicelles made of biocompatible PLGA-b-PEG copolymer through a double re-emulsification process has been developed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Initial results in vitro on Barrett's esophagus and esophageal adenocarcinoma cell lines demonstrated a significant reduction in cell viability with curcumin and GNRs exposure (p < 0.05). In vivo Barrett's-associated animal model confirmed these results with successful in vivo demonstrated eradication of all high-grade dysplastic premalignant cancer cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The synthesis of this novel nanosystem containing GNRs and curcumin is safe and effective in treating and eradicating premalignant esophageal adenocarcinoma.
authors.affiliation: Division of Surgical Oncology, Hiram C Polk Jr Department of Surgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.
authors.forename: Robert C G
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.affiliation: Department of Industrial Chemistry 'Toso Montanari,' University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Erica
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Locatelli
authors.affiliation: Division of Surgical Oncology, Hiram C Polk Jr Department of Surgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Division of Surgical Oncology, Hiram C Polk Jr Department of Surgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.
authors.forename: Weizhong
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Division of Surgical Oncology, Hiram C Polk Jr Department of Surgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.
authors.forename: Suping
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Industrial Chemistry 'Toso Montanari,' University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Ilaria
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Monaco
authors.affiliation: Department of Industrial Chemistry 'Toso Montanari,' University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Mauro Comes
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Franchini
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001471:Barrett Esophagus / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D003474:Curcumin / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D004947:Esophagus / Q000187:drug effects; D006046:Gold / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D008823:Micelles; D043942:Nanotubes / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000737:chemistry; D010789:Phototherapy; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry; D011098:Polyglactin 910 / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry; D051381:Rats
chemical_list: D008823:Micelles; C102418:poly(lactic-glycolic acid)-poly(ethyleneglycol) copolymer; D011098:Polyglactin 910; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D006046:Gold; D003474:Curcumin
keywords: Barrett's esophagus; codelivery; curcumin; gold nanorods; nanomedicine; photothermal therapy