title: Comparison of two educational methods (family-centered and patient-centered) on hemodialysis: Related complications.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hypotension and muscular cramp are the common complications of hemodialysis. Effective control of hemodialysis complications increases the survival time and the quality of life of patients on hemodialysis. Considering that failure to follow a therapeutic plan is one of the most prevalent causes of hemodialysis complications, the present research was conducted to study the effect of two educational methods (family-centered and patient-centered) on some complications that occur during hemodialysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  This clinical trial was performed from June to November 2012 in the hemodialysis ward of Imam Khomeini Hospital and Tehran Amir Aalam Hospital. Research samples included 60 patients in the age range of 18-65 years who were randomly included in patient-centered education (30 people in even days) and family-centered education (30 people in odd days). Blood pressure and muscle cramp were checked using researcher-made checklist in three stages (before and at the second and fourth week after intervention). Hypotension (before the start of dialysis, at the first, second, and third hour, and at the end hours) and muscle cramp (in the middle of hemodialysis and the end half an hour) were also checked. Data were analyzed using SPSS software, version 16, with Chi-square test, Fisher test, and independent t-test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Before intervention, the two groups did not show significant difference in terms of hypotension [with P = 0.91 and variations mean of 1.60 (1.30)] and muscle cramp [with P = 0.50 and variations mean of 1.06 (1.01)]. In the second and fourth week after intervention, there was significant difference between the two groups in terms of hypotension [with P = 0.016 and variations mean of 0.70 (0.70) and P = 0.02 and variations mean of 0.86 (0.62)] and muscle cramp [with P = 0.01 and variations mean of 0.46 (0.86) and P = 0.02 and variations mean of 1 (1.05)].
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Considering that the study results showed that family-centered education was more effective on reduction of hemodialysis complications than patient-centered education, it is recommended that educational interventions relating to therapeutic program should be done in patients under hemodialysis, with participation of families.
authors.affiliation: Assistant Professor of Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Director of Office of E-L Development and Planning of Virtual School, Nursing and Midwifery Care Research Center, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Mitra
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zolfaghari
authors.affiliation: Msc of Critical Care Nursing, Instructor of Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran.
authors.forename: Parvaneh
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Asgari
authors.affiliation: Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Fatemeh
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bahramnezhad
authors.affiliation: Msc of Critical Care Nursing, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Sajad
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: AhmadiRad
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistic, School of Management and Information Techbology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Hamid
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Haghani
keywords: Family-centered nursing; Iran; hemodialysis; hypotension; muscular cramp; patient-centered care