title: ω-3 fatty acid differentially modulated serum levels of IGF1 and IGFBP3 in men with CVD: a randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Studies have reported elevated serum insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 levels followed by ω-3 supplementation in various groups. Considering decreased level of IGF1 in patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and protective effects of IGF1 against CVD progression and myocardial infarctions mortality, this study was performed with the aim of determining effects of ω-3 supplementation on serum levels and gene expression of IGF1 and IGF binding protein-3 (IGFBP3) in men with CVD.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty-two middle-aged (55.9 ± 6.5 y) non-obese men with CVD followed the study protocol in two groups of ω-3 (n = 31) or placebo (n = 31) supplementation. Participants took ω-3 supplement or placebo (edible paraffin) for 8 wk and were asked not to change their diet or physical activity plan. Anthropometric and lipid profile characteristics, serum IGF1, serum IGFBP3 and also IGF1 and IGFBP3 gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were measured in all participants before and after the intervention. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS software.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no significant differences between the two study groups in age and body mass index at baseline. The groups also had no difference in baseline serum low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein, very low-density lipoprotein, triacylglycerols, and IGF1. Compared with placebo, ω-3 supplementation increased serum IGF1 levels (P = 0.01), and decreased serum level of IGFBP3 (P = 0.02). There was a trending toward an increase in IGF1 expression and nonsignificant decrease in IGFBP3 expression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ω-3 supplementation in patients with CVD increases serum IGF1 levels and decreases serum IGFBP3. Further research is warranted to investigate the underlying mechanisms.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutrition Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Sanaz
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gholamhosseini
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Ebrahim
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Nematipour
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Nutrition, School of Nutrition Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Abolghassem
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Djazayery
authors.affiliation: Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutrition Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad Hassan
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Javanbakht
authors.affiliation: Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutrition Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Fariba
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Koohdani
authors.affiliation: Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutrition Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Mahnaz
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zareei
authors.affiliation: Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutrition Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Electronic address: Mjalali87@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Mahmoud
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Djalali
mesh_terms: D015992:Body Mass Index; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood* / Q000188:drug therapy; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3 / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015870:Gene Expression; D006801:Humans; D018972:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3 / Q000097:blood*; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000378:metabolism*; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged
chemical_list: D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3; D018972:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I
keywords: Cardiovascular disease; Gene expression; IGF1; IGFBP3; ω-3