title: The potential role of polymethyl methacrylate as a new packaging material for the implantable medical device in the bladder.
abstract: Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is used in implantable medical devices; however, PDMS is not a completely biocompatible material for electronic medical devices in the bladder. To identify novel biocompatible materials for intravesical implanted medical devices, we evaluated the biocompatibility of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) by analyzing changes in the levels of macrophages, macrophage migratory inhibitory factor (MIF), and inflammatory cytokines in the bladder. A ball-shaped metal coated with PMMA or PDMS was implanted into the bladders of rats, and after intravesical implantation, the inflammatory changes induced by the foreign body reaction were evaluated. In the early period after implantation, increased macrophage activity and MIF in the urothelium of the bladder were observed. However, significantly decreased macrophage activity and MIF in the bladder were observed after implantation with PMMA- or PDMS-coated metal in the later period. In addition, significantly decreased inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α were observed with time. Based on these results, we suggest that MIF plays a role in the foreign body reaction and in the biocompatible packaging with PMMA for the implanted medical devices in the bladder.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul 137701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Su Jin
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Bumkyoo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul 137701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Kang Sup
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul 137701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Woong Jin
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Bae
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul 137701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Sung Hoo
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul 137701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Ji Youl
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul 137701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Tae-Kon
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul 137701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Sae Woong
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis; D004864:Equipment and Supplies / Q000382:microbiology; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D019746:Intramolecular Oxidoreductases / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D008263:Macrophage Migration-Inhibitory Factors / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D019904:Polymethyl Methacrylate / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019064:Product Packaging; D019736:Prostheses and Implants; D051381:Rats; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000382:microbiology / Q000601:surgery
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D016207:Cytokines; D008263:Macrophage Migration-Inhibitory Factors; D019904:Polymethyl Methacrylate; D019746:Intramolecular Oxidoreductases; C515599:Mif protein, rat