title: Form-deprivation myopia induces decreased expression of bone morphogenetic protein-2, 5 in guinea pig sclera.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify the presence of various bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) and their receptors in normal sclera of human, rat and guinea pigs, and to determine whether their expression changed with form-deprivation myopia (FDM) in guinea pig sclera.
  
  
  METHODS
  The expression of BMPs and BMP receptors were detected using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunofluorescence. Two-week-old guinea pigs were monocularly form-deprived with a translucent lens. After fourteen days induction of FDM, total RNA was isolated and subjected to RT-PCR to examine the changes of BMPs and BMP receptors in tissues from the posterior sclera. Western blotting analysis was used to investigate their changes in protein levels.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Human sclera expressed mRNAs for BMP-2, -4, -5, -7, -RIA, -RIB and BMP-RII. Conversely, rat sclera only expressed mRNA for BMP-7 and BMP-RIB, while the expression of BMPs and BMP receptors in guinea pigs were similar to that of humans. Human sclera also expresses BMP-2, -4, -5,-7 in protein level. Fourteen days after the induction of myopia, significant decreased expressions for BMP-2 and BMP-5 in the posterior sclera of FDM-affected eyes (P<0.05 vs internal control eyes).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Various BMPs were expressed in human and guinea pig sclera. In the posterior sclera, expressions of BMP-2 and BMP-5 significantly decreased in FDM eyes. This finding indicates that various BMPs as components of the scleral cytokines regulating tissue homeostasis and provide evidence that alterations in the expression of BMP-2 and BMP-5 are associated with sclera remodeling during myopia induction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266001, Shandong Province, China.
authors.forename: Qing
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, Shandong Province, China.
authors.forename: Mei-Lan
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Xue
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266001, Shandong Province, China.
authors.forename: Gui-Qiu
authors.initials: GQ
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266001, Shandong Province, China.
authors.forename: Mei-Guang
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266001, Shandong Province, China.
authors.forename: Yu-Na
authors.initials: YN
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266001, Shandong Province, China.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ma
keywords: bone morphogenetic protein; form-deprivation myopia; guinea pig sclera; human sclera