title: Potential biosorbent derived from Calligonum polygonoides for removal of methylene blue dye from aqueous solution.
abstract: The ash of C. polygonoides (locally called balanza) was collected from Lakki Marwat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, and was utilized as biosorbent for methylene blue (MB) removal from aqueous solution. The ash was used as biosorbent without any physical or chemical treatment. The biosorbent was characterized by using various techniques such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The particle size and surface area were measured using particle size analyzer and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller equation (BET), respectively. The SEM and BET results expressed that the adsorbent has porous nature. Effects of various conditions such as initial concentration of methylene blue (MB), initial pH, contact time, dosage of biosorbent, and stirring rate were also investigated for the adsorption process. The rate of the adsorption of MB on biomass sample was fast, and equilibrium has been achieved within 1 hour. The kinetics of MB adsorption on biosorbent was studied by pseudo-first- and pseudo-second-order kinetic models and the pseudo-second-order has better mathematical fit with correlation coefficient value (R (2)) of 0.999. The study revealed that C. polygonoides ash proved to be an effective, alternative, inexpensive, and environmentally benign biosorbent for MB removal from aqueous solution.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology, Bannu, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 28100, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Asma
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nasrullah
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology, Bannu, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 28100, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Hizbullah
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology, Bannu, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 28100, Pakistan ; PETRONAS Ionic Liquid Centre, Department of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS (UTP), 31750 Tronoh, Perak, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Amir Sada
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.affiliation: PETRONAS Ionic Liquid Centre, Department of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS (UTP), 31750 Tronoh, Perak, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Zakaria
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Man
authors.affiliation: Interdisciplinary Research Centre in Biomedical Materials (IRCBM), COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Lahore, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Nawshad
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Muhammad
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS (UTP), 31750 Tronoh, Perak, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Muhammad Irfan
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.affiliation: Riyadh Community College, King Saud University, Riyadh 11437, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Naser M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Abd El-Salam
mesh_terms: D065966:Absorption, Physicochemical; D007700:Kinetics; D008751:Methylene Blue / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000378:metabolism; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D010316:Particle Size; D019664:Polygonaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D013818:Thermogravimetry; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000378:metabolism; D018508:Water Purification / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D008751:Methylene Blue