title: American Medical Society for Sports Medicine (AMSSM) position statement: interventional musculoskeletal ultrasound in sports medicine.
abstract: The use of diagnostic and interventional ultrasound has significantly increased over the past decade. A majority of the increased utilization is by nonradiologists. In sports medicine, ultrasound is often used to guide interventions such as aspirations, diagnostic or therapeutic injections, tenotomies, releases, and hydrodissections. This American Medical Society for Sports Medicine (AMSSM) position statement critically reviews the literature and evaluates the accuracy, efficacy, and cost-effectiveness of ultrasound-guided injections in major, intermediate, and small joints, and soft tissues, all of which are commonly performed in sports medicine. New ultrasound-guided procedures and future trends are also briefly discussed. Based upon the evidence, the official AMSSM position relevant to each subject is made.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of California, Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA; Tahoe Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, 1139 Third St, South Lake Tahoe, CA 96150.(∗); Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, Department of Family Medicine, University of Iowa Sports Medicine, Iowa City, IA(†). Electronic address: jfinnoff@bartonhealth.org.
authors.forename: Jonathan T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Finnoff
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, Department of Family Medicine, University of Iowa Sports Medicine, Iowa City, IA(†).
authors.forename: Mederic M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Hall
authors.affiliation: Midwest Sports Medicine Institute, Middleton, WI(‡).
authors.forename: Erik
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Adams
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics and Emergency Medicine, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC(§).
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Berkoff
authors.affiliation: Outpatient Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation, St Jude Medical Center, Fullerton, CA(¶).
authors.forename: Andrew L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Concoff
authors.affiliation: Maine Medical Center, Portland, ME; Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA(#).
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Dexter
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Sports Medicine Center, Rochester, MN; Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN(∗∗).
authors.forename: Jay
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Smith
mesh_terms: D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D006801:Humans; D007270:Injections, Intra-Articular; D009140:Musculoskeletal Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000628:therapy*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012955:Societies, Medical; D013178:Sports Medicine; D018084:Ultrasonography, Interventional; D014481:United States