title: Effects of combination therapy of docetaxel with selenium on the human breast cancer cell lines MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The anticancer property and cytoprotective role of selenium in chemotherapy have been reported. However, the combination effects of selenium on chemotherapy for advanced breast cancer have not yet been clearly defined. The purpose of this study was to investigate the combined effects of selenium on chemotherapy using docetaxel on breast cancer cell lines.
  
  
  METHODS
  Under adherent culture conditions, two breast cancer cell lines, MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7, were treated with docetaxel at 500pM and selenium at 100nM, 1µM, or 10µM. Changes in cell growth, cell cycle duration, and degree of apoptosis after 72 hours in each treated group were evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the MDA-MB-231 cells, the combination therapy group (docetaxel at 500pM plus selenium at 10µM) showed a significantly decreased percentage of cell growth (15% vs. 28%; P = 0.004), a significantly increased percentage of late apoptosis (63% vs. 26%; P = 0.001), and an increased cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase (P = 0.001) compared with the solitary docetaxel therapy group. Isobologram analysis demonstrated the synergistic effect of the combination therapy in the MDA-MB-231 cells. However, in the MCF-7 cells, no significant differences in the percentage of cell growth apoptosis, the percentage of apoptosis, and the pattern of cell cycle arrest were noted between the combination therapy groups and the solitary docetaxel therapy group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our in vitro study indicated that the combination of selenium with docetaxel inhibits cell proliferation through apoptosis and cell arrest in the G2/M phase in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Konkuk University Medical Center, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Sang O
authors.initials: SO
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Konkuk University Medical Center, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Young Bum
authors.initials: YB
authors.lastname: Yoo
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Konkuk University Chungju Hospital, Chungju, Korea.
authors.forename: Yong Hun
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Konkuk University Medical Center, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Kwang Je
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Baek
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Konkuk University Medical Center, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Jung-Hyun
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Pil Cho
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Goyang, Korea.
authors.forename: Jeong Hun
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Konkuk University Medical Center, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Kyeong Ryong
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Konkuk University Medical Center, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Kyoung Sik
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Park
keywords: Breast neoplasms; Combination drug therapy; Docetaxel; Selenium