title: Impact of osteoporosis-associated vertebral fractures on health-related quality of life in the Mexican population.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To measure the impact on the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of a sample of Mexicans with vertebral fractures.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred fifteen subjects with vertebral fractures were interviewed and compared with 135 subjects similar in age without the fracture. Subjects were men and women > 50 years of age with osteoporosis confirmed by bone mineral densitometry and with at least 1 vertebral fracture verified by vertebral morphometry and Xrays. The sample was recruited from two sources: The Clínica de Osteoporosis at the Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación and a random sample from the Latin American Osteoporosis Study. The Quality of Life Questionnaire of the European Foundation for Osteoporosis (QUALEFFO) validated in Spanish for the Mexican population was applied. Descriptive statistics were used for demographic and clinical aspects of the sample, as well as χ2 for categorical variables and Student t test for independent samples for continuous variables. A multiple linear regression (LR) was conducted to characterize predictive variables related to quality of life.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two hundred fifty subjects were interviewed; 64% of them were women. The average age of those interviewed was 73.4 ± 11.4 years; 46% of the sample had vertebral fractures; of them 43% of were lumbar and 57% thoracic; the most frequent site was L1-T12. Significant changes were found in the group with fractures in pain, physical function, social function, and mental function (p < 0.05); in women, pain and social function were different between groups (p < 0.05); and those over 70 years also presented differences in physical, social, and mental function (p < 0.05); differences were found associated with the place of recruitment being worse in their quality of life those coming from the Clínica de Osteoporosis. Two or more fractures, age, being female and widowed were significant predictors for greater deterioration of HRQoL with the LR.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is the first study looking at the HRQoL in osteoporosis related fractures in Mexicans were quality of life deterioration on physical, social, and emotional functioning was demonstrated in subjects with two vertebral fractures. Age is a determining factor for greater deterioration in all studied domains. Differences between the samples obtained at the Clínica de Osteoporosis at the Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación and the random population exemplifying that asymptomatic fractures are common and not diagnosed. It is important to scrutinize vertebral fractures at the first level because their timely detection allows for their evaluation and treatment and diminishes the probability of a second fracture. Our results can be generalized to men and women over 50 who live in the central megalopolis and in other states of the Valley of México.
authors.forename: Esperanza
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ramírez-Pérez
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Epidemiología Clínica, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez.
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.forename: Margarita
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Deleze
authors.forename: Fidencio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Cons-Molina
authors.forename: Jorge
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Morales-Torres
authors.forename: Pilar
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Diez-García
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015519:Bone Density; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008800:Mexico / Q000453:epidemiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D010024:Osteoporosis / Q000150:complications*; D058866:Osteoporotic Fractures / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011788:Quality of Life; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D016103:Spinal Fractures / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires