title: Leaching of DOC, DN, and inorganic constituents from scrap tires.
abstract: One concern for recycle and reuse of scrap tires is the leaching of tire constituents (organic and inorganic) with time, and their subsequent potential harmful impacts in environment. The main objective of this study was to examine the leaching of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), dissolved nitrogen (DN), and selected inorganic constituents from scrap tires. Different sizes of tire chips and crumb rubber were exposed to leaching solutions with pH's ranging from 3.0 to 10.0 for 28days. The leaching of DOC and DN were found to be higher for smaller size tire chips; however, the leaching of inorganic constituents was independent of the size. In general, basic pH conditions increased the leaching of DOC and DN, whereas acidic pH conditions led to elevated concentrations of metals. Leaching was minimal around the neutral pH values for all the monitored parameters. Analysis of the leaching rates showed that components associated with the rubbery portion of the tires (DOC, DN, zinc, calcium, magnesium, etc.) exhibited an initial rapid followed by a slow release. On the other hand, a constant rate of leaching was observed for iron and manganese, which are attributed to the metal wires present inside the tires. Although the total amounts that leached varied, the observed leaching rates were similar for all tire chip sizes and leaching solutions. Operation under neutral pH conditions, use of larger size tire chips, prewashing of tires, and removal of metal wires prior to application will reduce the impact of tire recycle and reuse.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, Clemson University, Anderson, SC 29625, USA.
authors.forename: Meric
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Selbes
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, Clemson University, Anderson, SC 29625, USA.
authors.forename: Ozge
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Yilmaz
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA.
authors.forename: Abdul A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, Clemson University, Anderson, SC 29625, USA. Electronic address: tkaranf@clemson.edu.
authors.forename: Tanju
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Karanfil
mesh_terms: D002244:Carbon / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry*; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry*; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007700:Kinetics; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry*; D009930:Organic Chemicals / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry*; D012408:Rubber / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D009930:Organic Chemicals; D002244:Carbon; D012408:Rubber; D009584:Nitrogen
keywords: Inorganics; Leaching; Organics; Reuse; Scrap tires; Waste