title: Dissociable effects of local inhibitory and excitatory theta-burst stimulation on large-scale brain dynamics.
abstract: Normal brain function depends on a dynamic balance between local specialization and large-scale integration. It remains unclear, however, how local changes in functionally specialized areas can influence integrated activity across larger brain networks. By combining transcranial magnetic stimulation with resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging, we tested for changes in large-scale integration following the application of excitatory or inhibitory stimulation on the human motor cortex. After local inhibitory stimulation, regions encompassing the sensorimotor module concurrently increased their internal integration and decreased their communication with other modules of the brain. There were no such changes in modular dynamics following excitatory stimulation of the same area of motor cortex nor were there changes in the configuration and interactions between core brain hubs after excitatory or inhibitory stimulation of the same area. These results suggest the existence of selective mechanisms that integrate local changes in neural activity, while preserving ongoing communication between brain hubs.
authors.affiliation: Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia; l.cocchi@uq.edu.au lcocchi78@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Luca
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cocchi
authors.affiliation: Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia;
authors.forename: Martin V
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Sale
authors.affiliation: QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia;
authors.forename: Anton
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lord
authors.affiliation: Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre and Melbourne School of Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; and.
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zalesky
authors.affiliation: QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia;
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Breakspear
authors.affiliation: Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia; School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
authors.forename: Jason B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Mattingley
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001931:Brain Mapping; D019054:Evoked Potentials, Motor / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D009044:Motor Cortex / Q000098:blood supply / Q000502:physiology*; D009433:Neural Inhibition / Q000502:physiology*; D017711:Nonlinear Dynamics; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood; D065908:Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D010100:Oxygen
keywords: TMS; brain network; connectivity; fMRI; hubs; modularity