title: Antioxidant activity and bioaccessibility of size-different nanoemulsions for lycopene-enriched tomato extract.
abstract: Lycopene nanoemulsions were prepared to protect the antioxidant activity and improve the bioaccessibility of lycopene-enriched tomato extract (containing 6% of lycopene) by an emulsification-evaporation method. Lycopene nanoemulsions, with droplet sizes between 100 and 200 nm, exhibited higher anti-radical efficiency and antioxidant activity, than did those smaller than 100 nm. Strong protectability of lycopene in droplets smaller than 100 nm was associated with relatively slower rates of DPPH and ABTS reactions. In vitro bioaccessibility values of lycopene-enriched tomato extract, lycopene nanoemulsions with droplets larger than 100 nm (approximately 150 nm on average), and lycopene nanoemulsions with droplets smaller than 100 nm (69 nm on average) were 0.01, 0.53, and 0.77, respectively. Interestingly, nanoemulsions with droplets smaller than 100 nm showed the highest in vitro bioaccessibility, which could be interpreted as evidence of nanoemulsification enhancing the in vitro bioaccessibility of lycopene.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Technology, Sejong University, 98 Gunja-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-747, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: havananh.vn@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Thi Van Anh
authors.initials: TV
authors.lastname: Ha
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Technology, Sejong University, 98 Gunja-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-747, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: ksh8792@naver.com.
authors.forename: Saehoon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Technology, Sejong University, 98 Gunja-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-747, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: yeri86@sju.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Yeri
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Technology, Sejong University, 98 Gunja-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-747, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: kwakhs@sejong.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Hae-Soo
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Kwak
authors.affiliation: Institute of Food, Nutrition & Human Health, Massey University, Private Bag 102904, North Shore City 0745, Auckland, New Zealand. Electronic address: S.J.Lee@massey.ac.nz.
authors.forename: Sung Je
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand. Electronic address: j.wen@auckland.ac.nz.
authors.forename: Jingyuan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wen
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science, University of Otago, Po Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand. Electronic address: indrawati.oey@otago.ac.nz.
authors.forename: Indrawati
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Oey
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Technology, Sejong University, 98 Gunja-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-747, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: sanghoonko@sejong.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Sanghoon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ko
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002338:Carotenoids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004655:Emulsions / Q000737:chemistry; D000077276:Lycopene; D018551:Solanum lycopersicum / Q000737:chemistry*; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry; D010316:Particle Size; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D004655:Emulsions; D010936:Plant Extracts; D002338:Carotenoids; D000077276:Lycopene
keywords: Antioxidant activity; Bioaccessibility; Droplet size; Lycopene; Nanoemulsion