title: Considerations for using the 'brown bag' strategy to reconcile medications during routine outpatient office visits.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Among medication reconciliation studies, varying methods are used to determine which medications patients are actually taking. One recommended approach is to ask patients to "brown bag" their medications for routine office visits.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine if 'brown bag' practices performed during routine office visits improve the accuracy of provider-documented medication lists.
  
  
  METHODS
  This cross-sectional pilot study was conducted in a university affiliated community geriatric clinic. Forty-six cognitively intact elders who managed their own medications enrolled. Participants self-selected into two groups: 'brown-baggers' (BBs) and 'non-brown-baggers' (NBBs). Three medication lists were compared for each patient: provider-documented in patient's chart (chart list); researcher-generated by post-appointment semistructured interview (point-of-care [POC] list); post-appointment semi-structured telephone interview (telephone list, reference standard). Accuracy of chart and POC lists were compared with reference lists among BBs and NBBs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty-three (72%) patients brought some of their medications to scheduled appointments (BBs); of these, 39% bagged all of their medications. Excluding route as a variable, 35% of provider-documented chart lists were complete; only 6.5% were accurate. Some 76% of chart-documented medication lists contained inclusion, omission and/or dosing instruction discrepancies, with no differences between BBs and NBBs. However, POC lists obtained using a semi-structured interview included fewer inclusion and omission discrepancies among BBs than NBBs (42% v 77%, P = 0.05). In subset analyses by medication type, over-the-counter (OTC) medication documentation was more accurate among BBs than NBBs. Overall, chart lists contained two to three times more discrepancies than lists generated at POC.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Most BBs do not bag all their medications for office visits. Chart list accuracy is no better among BBs than NBBs, although patients who 'brown bag' their medications for office visits may prompt providers to conduct a more thorough medication history. Lists generated by semistructured interviewing, regardless of BB status, are more accurate than chart lists. Findings challenge benefits of the 'brown bag' unless coupled with in-depth questioning and processes for transferring information to chart lists.
authors.affiliation: Geriatric Medicine, Department of Family Medicine, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, 788 Service Road, B123 Clinical Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA. erin.sarzynski@hc.msu.edu.
authors.forename: Erin M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Sarzynski
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
authors.forename: Clare C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Luz
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
authors.forename: Carlos F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Rios-Bedoya
authors.affiliation: College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
authors.forename: Shiwei
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhou
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004363:Drug Utilization; D005260:Female; D005853:Geriatrics; D055991:Health Records, Personal; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D059065:Medication Reconciliation / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D009819:Office Visits; D010865:Pilot Projects; D019338:Polypharmacy; D011320:Primary Health Care / Q000379:methods*