title: Characterization and biocompatibility of a fibrous glassy scaffold.
abstract: Bioactive glasses (BGs) are known for their ability to bond to living bone and cartilage. In general, they are readily available in powder and monolithic forms, which are not ideal for the optimal filling of bone defects with irregular shapes. In this context, the development of BG-based scaffolds containing flexible fibres is a relevant approach to improve the performance of BGs. This study is aimed at characterizing a new, highly porous, fibrous glassy scaffold and evaluating its in vitro and in vivo biocompatibility. The developed scaffolds were characterized in terms of porosity, mineralization and morphological features. Additionally, fibroblast and osteoblast cells were seeded in contact with extracts of the scaffolds to assess cell proliferation and genotoxicity after 24, 72 and 144 h. Finally, scaffolds were placed subcutaneously in rats for 15, 30 and 60 days. The scaffolds presented interconnected porous structures, and the precursor bioglass could mineralize a hydroxyapatite (HCA) layer in simulated body fluid (SBF) after only 12 h. The biomaterial elicited increased fibroblast and osteoblast cell proliferation, and no DNA damage was observed. The in vivo experiment showed degradation of the biomaterial over time, with soft tissue ingrowth into the degraded area and the presence of multinucleated giant cells around the implant. At day 60, the scaffolds were almost completely degraded and an organized granulation tissue filled the area. The results highlight the potential of this fibrous, glassy material for bone regeneration, due to its bioactive properties, non-cytotoxicity and biocompatibility. Future investigations should focus on translating these findings to orthotopic applications. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
authors.affiliation: Post-Graduate Programme of Biotechnology, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), SP, Brazil.|Department of Physiotherapy, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: P R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Gabbai-Armelin
authors.affiliation: Vitreous Materials Laboratory (LaMaV), Department of Materials Engineering, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: M T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Souza
authors.affiliation: Post-Graduate Programme of Biotechnology, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), SP, Brazil.|Department of Physiotherapy, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: H W
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Kido
authors.affiliation: Post-Graduate Programme of Biotechnology, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), SP, Brazil.|Department of Physiotherapy, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: C R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Tim
authors.affiliation: Department of Biosciences, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Santos, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: P S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Bossini
authors.affiliation: Department of Biosciences, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Santos, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: K R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Fernandes
authors.affiliation: Department of Biosciences, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Santos, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: A M P
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Magri
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiotherapy, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: N A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Parizotto
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation Sciences and Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Nove de Julho University (UNINOVE), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: K P S
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Fernandes
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation Sciences and Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Nove de Julho University (UNINOVE), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Mesquita-Ferrari
authors.affiliation: Department of Biosciences, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Santos, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Ribeiro
authors.affiliation: Vitreous Materials Laboratory (LaMaV), Department of Materials Engineering, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: E D
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Zanotto
authors.affiliation: Vitreous Materials Laboratory (LaMaV), Department of Materials Engineering, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Peitl
authors.affiliation: Department of Biosciences, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Santos, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: A C M
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Renno
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002113:Calcification, Physiologic / Q000187:drug effects; D016923:Cell Death / Q000187:drug effects; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D005898:Glass / Q000737:chemistry*; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008297:Male; D008422:Materials Testing / Q000379:methods*; D051379:Mice; D009152:Mutagenicity Tests; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D016062:Porosity; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D040521:Subcutaneous Tissue / Q000473:pathology; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials
keywords: bioactive glass; biocompatibility; biomaterial; bone repair; cytotoxicity; fibrous scaffold