title: Ovariectomy shortens the life span of female mice.
abstract: This study shows that lack of ovarian activity has a negative impact on the life span of female mice. The extent to which this phenomenon could be associated with the anti-inflammatory effect of estrogens was analyzed in metabolic organs and aorta, by quantitative analysis of mRNAs encoding proteins in the inflammatory cascade. We demonstrate that the TNFα, IL-1β, MCP-1, MIP-2 and IL-6 mRNA contents are increased in the liver, adipose tissue and aorta 7 months after ovariectomy (ovx) and this increased basal inflammation is maintained as the mice aged. In contrast, the extent of inflammatory gene expression is directly proportional to age in sham-operated mice. As a consequence, at 22 months, most of the inflammatory parameters examined were higher in the sham-operated group compared with the ovx group. These observations led us to propose that the decreased longevity of ovx mice may be due to an acceleration of the basal state of inflammation in metabolic organs, which is likely driven by the combination of a lack of estrogen-mediated anti-inflammatory activity and the loss of gonadal control of energy metabolism.
authors.affiliation: Center of Excellence on Neurodegenerative Diseases and Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, 20133, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Valeria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Benedusi
authors.affiliation: Adaptive Immunity Laboratory, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Elisa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Martini
authors.affiliation: Adaptive Immunity Laboratory, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy.|Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Marinos
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kallikourdis
authors.affiliation: Center of Excellence on Neurodegenerative Diseases and Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, 20133, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Villa
authors.affiliation: Center of Excellence on Neurodegenerative Diseases and Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, 20133, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Clara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Meda
authors.affiliation: Center of Excellence on Neurodegenerative Diseases and Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, 20133, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Adriana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Maggi
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000378:metabolism; D000367:Age Factors; D000375:Aging / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D001011:Aorta / Q000378:metabolism; D018932:Chemokine CCL2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D054426:Chemokine CXCL2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D007249:Inflammation / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism*; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008017:Life Expectancy; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D010052:Ovariectomy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D050378:T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory / Q000378:metabolism; D013997:Time Factors; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C491768:Ccl2 protein, mouse; D018932:Chemokine CCL2; D054426:Chemokine CXCL2; C404915:Cxcl2 protein, mouse; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors; C498833:Foxp3 protein, mouse; C587672:IL1B protein, mouse; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D015850:Interleukin-6; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C577686:interleukin-6, mouse
keywords: estrogens; female mammals; gerotarget; inflammation; life span; ovariectomy