title: Step-by-step Type C Laparoscopic Radical Hysterectomy With Nerve-sparing Approach.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To show the laparoscopic technique to perform type C radical hysterectomy with a nerve-sparing approach and pelvic lymphadenectomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Educational video with step-by-step explanation of the technique using videos and pictures to highlight the anatomic landmark that guides the procedure.
  
  
  METHODS
  The goal of this procedure is to enlarge the resection of the paracervix at the junction with internal iliac vascular system, leaving the neural part of the structure under the deep uterine vein untouched. Type C consists in the resection of the uterosacral ligament at the rectum level and the vesicouterine ligament at the bladder level. The ureter is mobilized completely, and 15 to 20 mm of the vagina from the tumor or cervix is resected. Performing such an enlarged hysterectomy, the preservation of the nerve supply to the bladder is crucial, leading to the creation of the subclasses. Type C1 conserves a nerve-sparing approach remaining above the deep uterine vein, whereas in type C2 a resection beyond this landmark including the neural part of the paracervix is performed.
  
  
  METHODS
  Total laparoscopic type C1 radical hysterectomy with pelvic lymphadenectomy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This video shows the feasibility of type C radical hysterectomy through a minimally invasive approach. The possibility to perform this type of procedure laparoscopically matches with the more conservative approach to cervical cancer, bringing all the advantages of this technique into this field of gynecologic surgery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy; IRCAD France, Strasbourg, France. Electronic address: centini.gabriele@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Gabriele
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Centini
authors.affiliation: Hospital Santa Maria alle Scotte, Siena, Italy.
authors.forename: Karolina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Afors
authors.affiliation: Hospital Santa Maria alle Scotte, Siena, Italy.
authors.forename: Rouba
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Murtada
authors.affiliation: Hospital Santa Maria alle Scotte, Siena, Italy.
authors.forename: Jesus
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Castellano
authors.affiliation: Department of Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.
authors.forename: Lucia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lazzeri
authors.affiliation: Hospital Santa Maria alle Scotte, Siena, Italy.
authors.forename: Rodrigo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Fernandes
authors.affiliation: Hospital Santa Maria alle Scotte, Siena, Italy.
authors.forename: Arnoud
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wattiez
mesh_terms: D002584:Cervix Uteri / Q000294:innervation / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007044:Hysterectomy / Q000379:methods; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000379:methods; D008197:Lymph Node Excision / Q000379:methods*; D010388:Pelvis / Q000294:innervation; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000294:innervation; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*
keywords: Laparoscopy; Nerve sparing; Radical hysterectomy