title: Physical and mental health 10 years after multiple trauma: A prospective cohort study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  People who have sustained severe multiple injuries have reduced health and functioning years after the injury. For people who have sustained severe injuries, an optimal degree of predictability in future functioning and health-related quality of life is important. The main aim was to study the impacts of demographic- and injury-related factors as well as functioning at 1 year and 2 years after injury on physical and mental health 10 years after injury.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-eight participants completed a 10-year follow-up (55.2% of all included patients). Demographic and injury severity characteristics were collected, and assessments at 1, 2, 5, and 10 years after injury were performed. Patient-reported outcome measures were the Short Form 36 (SF-36), the Brief Approach/Avoidance Coping Questionnaire, and the cognitive function scale (COG). The SF-36 Physical and Mental Component Summaries (PCS and MCS, respectively) were the main outcome variables. We performed hierarchical multiple regression analyses to assess functioning on the PCS and MCS.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean (SD) age at injury was 37.8 (14.7) years, 74% were male. Mean (SD) New Injury Severity Score (NISS) was 33.7 (13.0). Mean (SD) PCS score was 41.8 (11.7). Mean (SD) MCS was 48.8 (10.7). Predictors of the PCS were change in coping from 2 years to 10 years (p = 0.032), physical functioning (p < 0.001) and cognitive functioning at 1 year (p = 0.011), as well as bodily pain at 2 years (p = 0.005). Adjusted R was 0.57. Predictors of the MCS were change in coping (p = 0.031), vitality (p = 0.008) at 1 year, as well as social functioning (p = 0.034) and mental health (p = 0.043) at 2 years. Adjusted R was 0.64.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Physical health was reduced compared with the adjusted general population at 10 years after injury. The mental health did not differ from that of the general population. In addition to physical functioning, coping strategies, vitality, social functioning, and mental health should be considered in the long-term rehabilitation perspective. A more comprehensive approach should be used for rehabilitation after multiple injuries.
authors.affiliation: From the Division of Surgery and Clinical Neuroscience, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, (H.L.S., E.B.-H.,N.A.), and Orthopedic Department (O.R.), Oslo University Hospital, Oslo; and Faculty of Medicine, Department of Behavioural Science, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences (A.F.), and Institute of Clinical Medicine, (O.R., E.B.-H.), and Institute of Health and Society, Research Centre for Habilitation and Rehabilitation Models and Services (CHARM) (N.A.), University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Helene L
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Soberg
authors.forename: Erik
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bautz-Holter
authors.forename: Arnstein
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Finset
authors.forename: Olav
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Roise
authors.forename: Nada
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Andelic
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003710:Demography; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D015601:Injury Severity Score; D008297:Male; D008603:Mental Health; D008875:Middle Aged; D009104:Multiple Trauma / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology*; D009664:Norway; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013997:Time Factors