title: A simple tool to evaluate common disorders: validation of a "proctological symptom scale".
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Proctological symptomatology is of little complexity and therefore appears particularly suitable for comparative evaluation by visual scales. We devised a "proctological symptom scale" (PSS) with separate scales for four cardinal proctological symptoms: pain, itching/irritation, discharge/moisture, and bleeding. The objective of this study was to evaluate the PSS among proctological patients and non-proctological controls.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a single center non-interventional observational study on 229 proctological patients and 133 controls. The main outcome measures investigated were age- and sex-stratified comparison of the non-proctological cohort and the controls, effect of therapeutic intervention on scale values in a subset of patients with haemorrhoidal disease, and sensitivity of the PSS to detect therapeutic failure in this subset of patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The PSS was found to significantly differentiate between proctological patients and controls. Gender and age had no significant influence on PSS values in the proctological cohort. The intervention (one session of rubber band ligation in patients with haemorrhoidal disease) was reflected by a significantly improved overall PSS. In 16 cases within this group, the PSS got worse. A case-by-case follow-up of these patients showed that 14 of the 16 patients ended up with surgery (or with the advice to have surgery).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The PSS reliably differentiates proctological patients from non-proctological controls. Following intervention, the PSS reliably differentiated therapeutic success from failure. We find the PSS to be a simple and useful tool in our clinical routine since it provides an easily obtainable and reproducible basis for the visit-by-visit assessment of proctological patients. The PSS may also be suitable for studies to measure and compare symptomatic improvement and success of different therapies in proctology.
authors.affiliation: Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Coloproctology, St. Barbara-Klinik, Hamm, Germany, mkraemer@barbaraklinik.de.
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kraemer
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kara
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rzepisko
authors.forename: Joel
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sayfan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003107:Colorectal Surgery / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006484:Hemorrhoids / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D008026:Ligation / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000379:methods*; D017288:Pain Threshold / Q000502:physiology*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D012016:Reference Values; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012737:Sex Factors; D018434:Sickness Impact Profile