title: Importance of tissue preparation methods in FTIR micro-spectroscopical analysis of biological tissues: 'traps for new users'.
abstract: Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) micro-spectroscopy is an emerging technique for the biochemical analysis of tissues and cellular materials. It provides objective information on the holistic biochemistry of a cell or tissue sample and has been applied in many areas of medical research. However, it has become apparent that how the tissue is handled prior to FTIR micro-spectroscopic imaging requires special consideration, particularly with regards to methods for preservation of the samples. We have performed FTIR micro-spectroscopy on rodent heart and liver tissue sections (two spectroscopically very different biological tissues) that were prepared by desiccation drying, ethanol substitution and formalin fixation and have compared the resulting spectra with that of fully hydrated freshly excised tissues. We have systematically examined the spectra for any biochemical changes to the native state of the tissue caused by the three methods of preparation and have detected changes in infrared (IR) absorption band intensities and peak positions. In particular, the position and profile of the amide I, key in assigning protein secondary structure, changes depending on preparation method and the lipid absorptions lose intensity drastically when these tissues are hydrated with ethanol. Indeed, we demonstrate that preserving samples through desiccation drying, ethanol substitution or formalin fixation significantly alters the biochemical information detected using spectroscopic methods when compared to spectra of fresh hydrated tissue. It is therefore imperative to consider tissue preparative effects when preparing, measuring, and analyzing samples using FTIR spectroscopy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy & Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.
authors.forename: Vladislava
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Zohdi
authors.affiliation: Centre for Biospectroscopy and School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.
authors.forename: Donna R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Whelan
authors.affiliation: Centre for Biospectroscopy and School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.
authors.forename: Bayden R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Wood
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.
authors.forename: James T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Pearson
authors.affiliation: Centre for Biospectroscopy and School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.
authors.forename: Keith R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Bambery
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy & Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.
authors.forename: M Jane
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Black
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016477:Artifacts; D016591:Histocytological Preparation Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D009206:Myocardium / Q000166:cytology; D051381:Rats; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared / Q000379:methods*