title: Relationship between glycosylated hemoglobin A1c and coronary flow reserve in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus.
abstract: Type 2 diabetes mellitus patients are at increased risk for macrovascular and microvascular complications. Both in vivo and in vitro studies of small arteries and arterioles of diabetic subjects demonstrate impaired endothelial function without anatomic lesions. Coronary flow reserve (CFR) is a surrogate marker of coronary microcirculatory endothelial function in diabetic patients without significant stenosis of the associated epicardial coronary artery. Glycosylated hemoglobin A1c is related to likelihood of occurrence of microvascular events. The objective of this article is to report on recent developments in multiple noninvasive techniques to assess CFR and their use in aiding the understanding of the relationship of CFR, glycemic control and cardiovascular outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Mayo Clinic, Cardiovascular Ultrasound Imaging and Hemodynamic Laboratory, Division of Cardiovascular Diseases Mayo Clinic, Rochester, 55905 MN, USA.
authors.forename: Runqing
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Sahar S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Abdelmoneim
authors.forename: Lara F
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Nhola
authors.forename: Rita
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Basu
authors.forename: Ananda
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Basu
authors.forename: Sharon L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Mulvagh
mesh_terms: D003326:Coronary Circulation; D003331:Coronary Vessels / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism*; D003925:Diabetic Angiopathies / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D015150:Echocardiography, Doppler; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism*; D006321:Heart / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006801:Humans; D008833:Microcirculation; D055806:Microvessels / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D055414:Myocardial Perfusion Imaging; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography; D015899:Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon
chemical_list: D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; C517652:hemoglobin A1c protein, human
keywords: Type 2 diabetes mellitus; coronary flow reserve; glycemic control; glycosylated hemoglobin A1c; noninvasive techniques