title: High expression of interleukin-11 is an independent indicator of poor prognosis in clear-cell renal cell carcinoma.
abstract: Interleukin-11 (IL-11), a member of the IL-6 family of cytokines, exerts pleiotropic oncogenic activities by stimulating angiogenesis and metastasis in many cancer types. The present study aims to evaluate the impact of IL-11 expression on recurrence and mortality of patients with clear-cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). We retrospectively enrolled 193 ccRCC patients undergoing nephrectomy at a single center. Clinicopathologic features, recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) were recorded. IL-11 intensity was assessed by immunohistochemistry in tumor specimens. The Kaplan-Meier method was applied to compare survival curves. Cox regression models were used to analyze the impact of prognostic factors on RFS and OS. The concordance index (C-index) was calculated to assess predictive accuracy. High IL-11 expression is associated with increased risk of recurrence and poor survival for ccRCC patients (P < 0.001 and P < 0.001, respectively), especially those with early-stage disease (TNM stage I + II). Multivariate analyses confirmed that IL-11 expression was an independent prognostic factor for RFS and OS (P = 0.006 and P = 0.008, respectively). The predictive accuracy of well-established prognostic models was improved when IL-11 expression was integrated. In conclusion, high IL-11 expression is an independent predictor of poor prognosis in ccRCC patients. It may help identify patients who could benefit from additional treatments and closer follow up.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Deng
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Le
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Haiou
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Weijuan
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Weisi
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Yidong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Qiang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Jiejie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xu
mesh_terms: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis*; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D017370:Interleukin-11 / Q000032:analysis*; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D009392:Nephrectomy; D011379:Prognosis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; C508611:IL11 protein, human; D017370:Interleukin-11
keywords: Clear-cell renal cell carcinoma; interleukin-11; overall survival; prognostic biomarker; recurrence-free survival