title: Downregulation of growth hormone 1 gene in the cerebellum and prefrontal cortex of rats with depressive-like behavior.
abstract: Depressive-like behaviors in animals are usually assessed by standardized behavioral tests such as the forced swimming test (FST). However, individual variation in test performance may obscure group differences and thereby hinder the discovery of genes responsible for depression. Few reports have shown the influence of individual variability in identifying the genes associated with depressive-like behaviors. In this study, we conducted microarray analysis to identify genes differentially expressed in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and cerebellum of rats stratified by FST immobility ratio (% immobility in 5 min) into a control group [immobility ratio: -1 to +1 standard deviation (SD) from the mean] and a depressive group (immobility ratio: +1 to +2 SDs above the mean). Genes differentially expressed in both the cerebellum and PFC of the depressive group were Alas2, Gh1, Hba-a2, Hbb, Hbb-b1, Hbe2, LOC689064, Mrps10, Mybpc, Olf6415, and Pfkb1. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis identified Gh1 as a hub gene in the networks of differentially expressed genes in both brain regions. This study indicates that the depressive-like behavior may be related to the decrease of Gh1 expression in the cerebellum and PFC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Wakayama Medical University School of Medicine, Wakayama, Japan yuta-y@wakayama-med.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Yuta
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Wakayama Medical University School of Medicine, Wakayama, Japan.
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ueyama
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Wakayama Medical University School of Medicine, Wakayama, Japan.
authors.forename: Takao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Wakayama Medical University School of Medicine, Wakayama, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshihiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tsuruo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal; D002531:Cerebellum / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D003863:Depression / Q000235:genetics*; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D053263:Gene Regulatory Networks; D013006:Growth Hormone / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D017397:Prefrontal Cortex / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013550:Swimming
chemical_list: D012333:RNA, Messenger; D013006:Growth Hormone
keywords: Ingenuity Pathway Analysis; brain; depression; forced swimming test; growth hormone 1; microarray analysis