title: Protection of rats from thioacetamide-induced hepatic fibrosis by the extracts of a traditional Uighur medicine Cichorium glandulosum.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To clarify the protective effects of Cichorium glandulosum (CG) extracts on thioacetamide (TAA)-induced rat hepatic fibrosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  The dry roots of CG were smashed and percolated with 95% ethanol, and the residual was prepared into petroleum ether extract (CG-V), ethyl acetate extract (CG-VI) and n-butyl alcohol extract (CG-VII). Thirty-six Wistar rats were randomly divided into a normal group, a model group, a CG-V group (15 mg/kg), a CG-VI group (3 mg/kg), a CG-VII group (6 mg/kg) and a positive drug group (silibinin capsule, 8 mg/kg). Organ indices and serum levels of glutamic-oxaloacetic and glutamic-pyruvic transaminases of intragastrically administered rats were obtained. Expressions of FN, Smad3, IGFBPrP1 and TGF-β1 genes were detected by Western Blot and immunohistochemical assays. Apoptosis was examined by TUNEL assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Hepatic fibrosis of treatment groups was evidently mitigated. Expressions of FN, Smad3 and TGF-β1 in administration groups were higher than those in normal group, and moreover were significantly higher in CG-V and CG-VII groups than those of model group. Apoptotic index of model group was significantly higher than that of normal group, but indices of CG-V and CG-VII groups were significantly lower than that of model group. Significantly more FN, Smad3 and IGFBPrP1 were expressed in treatment groups than those in normal group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CG extracts may function by altering TGF-β/Smads signal transduction pathway.
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China.
authors.forename: Dongmei
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Qin
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China.
authors.forename: Yaru
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nie
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China.
authors.forename: Zhiping
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wen
keywords: Apoptosis; Cichorium glandulosum; Hepatic fibrosis