title: In vitro and in vivo evaluation of strontium-containing nanostructured carbonated hydroxyapatite/sodium alginate for sinus lift in rabbits.
abstract: Various synthetic bone substitutes have been developed to reconstruct bone defects. One of the most prevalent ceramics in bone treatment is hydroxyapatite (HA) that is a useful material as bone substitute, however, with a low rate of biodegradation. Its structure allows isomorphic cationic and anionic substitutions to be easily introduced, which can alter the crystallinity, morphology, biocompatibility, and osteoconductivity. The objective of this study was to investigate the in vitro and in vivo biological responses to strontium-containing nanostructured carbonated HA/sodium alginate (SrCHA) spheres (425<ϕ <600 μm) that were used for sinus lifts in rabbits using nanostructured carbonated HA/sodium alginate (CHA) as a reference. Cytocompatibility was determined using a multiparametric assay after exposing murine preosteoblasts to the extracts of these materials. Twelve male and female rabbits underwent bilateral sinus lift procedures and were divided into two groups (CHA or SrCHA) and in two experimental periods (4 and 12 weeks), for microscopic and histomorphometric analyses. The in vitro test revealed the overall viability of the cells exposed to the CHA and SrCHA extracts; thus, these extracts were considered cytocompatible, which was confirmed by three different parameters in the in vitro tests. The histological analysis showed chronic inflammation with a prevalence of macrophages around the CHA spheres after 4 weeks, and this inflammation decreased after 12 weeks. Bone formation was observed in both groups, and smaller quantities of SrCHA spheres were observed after 12 weeks, indicating greater bioresorption of SrCHA than CHA. SrCHA spheres are biocompatible and osteoconductive and undergo bioresorption earlier than CHA spheres.
authors.affiliation: Department of Implantology, Bahiana School of Medicine and Public Health, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.
authors.forename: Helder
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Valiense
authors.affiliation: Department of Implantology, Bahiana School of Medicine and Public Health, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.
authors.forename: Mauricio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Barreto
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Surgery, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rodrigo F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Resende
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Pathology, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Adriana T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Alves
authors.affiliation: Graduate Programm in Dentistry, LABIOMAT, Brazilian Center for Physics Research, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Alexandre M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Rossi
authors.affiliation: Graduate Programm in Dentistry, LABIOMAT, Brazilian Center for Physics Research, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mavropoulos
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Surgery, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.|Division of Bioengineering, Applied Physics Department, Brazilian Center for Physics Research, National Institute of Metrology, Quality and Technology, Duque de Caxias, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: José M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Granjeiro
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Surgery, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Mônica D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Calasans-Maia
mesh_terms: D000464:Alginates / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D001861:Bone Regeneration / Q000187:drug effects; D018786:Bone Substitutes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D002460:Cell Line; D003392:Cranial Sinuses / Q000293:injuries / Q000378:metabolism / Q000601:surgery*; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; D017886:Durapatite / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D020723:Glucuronic Acid / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D006603:Hexuronic Acids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D008422:Materials Testing / Q000379:methods; D051379:Mice; D049329:Nanostructures / Q000737:chemistry*; D011817:Rabbits; D013324:Strontium / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000464:Alginates; D018786:Bone Substitutes; D006603:Hexuronic Acids; D020723:Glucuronic Acid; D017886:Durapatite; D013324:Strontium
keywords: bone repair; carbonated hydroxyapatite; rabbits; sinus lift; strontium