title: Fast imaging strategies for mouse kidney perfusion measurement with pseudocontinuous arterial spin labeling (pCASL) at ultra high magnetic field (11.75 tesla).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To derive an adapted protocol at ultra high magnetic field for mouse kidney perfusion measurements using pCASL in combination with three widely available fast imaging readouts: segmented SE EPI (sSE EPI), RARE, and TrueFISP.
  
  
  METHODS
  pCASL sSE EPI, pCASL RARE, and pCASL TrueFISP were used for the acquisition of mouse kidney perfusion images in the axial and coronal planes at 11.75T. Results were compared in terms of perfusion sensitivity, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), blood flow values, intrasession and intersession repeatability, and image quality (subjectively classified into three grades: good, satisfactory, and unacceptable).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Renal cortex perfusion measurements were performed within 2 min with pCASL RARE/pCASL TrueFISP and 4 min with pCASL sSE EPI. In an axial direction, SNR values of 6.6/5.6/2.8, perfusion sensitivity values of 16.1 ± 3.7/13.6 ± 2.4/13.4 ± 1.0 %, blood flow values of 679 ± 149/466 ± 111/572 ± 46 mL/100 g/min and in-ROI variations values of 192/161/181 mL/100 g/min were obtained with pCASL sSE EPI/pCASL RARE/pCASL TrueFISP. Highest SNR per unit of time (1.8) and highest intra/intersession reliability (92.9% and 95.1%) were obtained with pCASL RARE, which additionally presented highly reproducible satisfactory image quality. In coronal plane, significantly lower SNR, perfusion sensitivity and perfusion values were obtained for all techniques compared with that in the axial plane (P < 0.05) due to magnetization saturation effects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  pCASL RARE demonstrated more advantages for longitudinal preclinical kidney perfusion studies at ultra high magnetic field.
authors.affiliation: Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS Centre de Résonance Magnétique Biologique et Médicale, UMR 7339, Marseille, France.
authors.forename: Valentin H
authors.initials: VH
authors.lastname: Prevost
authors.affiliation: Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS Centre de Résonance Magnétique Biologique et Médicale, UMR 7339, Marseille, France.
authors.forename: Olivier M
authors.initials: OM
authors.lastname: Girard
authors.affiliation: Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS Centre de Résonance Magnétique Biologique et Médicale, UMR 7339, Marseille, France.
authors.forename: Virginie
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Callot
authors.affiliation: Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS Centre de Résonance Magnétique Biologique et Médicale, UMR 7339, Marseille, France.
authors.forename: Patrick J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Cozzone
authors.affiliation: Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS Centre de Résonance Magnétique Biologique et Médicale, UMR 7339, Marseille, France.
authors.forename: Guillaume
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Duhamel
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity / Q000502:physiology*; D003199:Computer Systems; D005260:Female; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D007668:Kidney / Q000098:blood supply / Q000502:physiology*; D060526:Magnetic Fields; D018810:Magnetic Resonance Angiography / Q000379:methods*; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D012077:Renal Artery / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology*; D012079:Renal Circulation / Q000502:physiology*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013113:Spin Labels
chemical_list: D013113:Spin Labels
keywords: RBF; high magnetic field; mouse kidney; perfusion; pseudocontinuous ASL