title: Fluorescence in situ hybridization detects increased sperm aneuploidy in men with recurrent pregnancy loss.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate, in men presenting with recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL), the prevalence of sperm autosome and sex chromosome aneuploidy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Male infertility clinic.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 140 men with RPL provided semen samples, and five normozoospermic controls provided 140 semen samples for comparison. Recurrent pregnancy loss, documented in the female partners, was defined as a prior miscarriage and/or recurrent IVF/intracytoplasmic sperm injection failure.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was used to detect numerical abnormalities in sex chromosomes (X, Y) and autosomes (13, 18, 21) in ejaculated sperm.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sperm aneuploidy in men with RPL and normozoospermic controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Men with RPL had a greater percentage of sperm aneuploidy within the sex chromosomes and chromosomes 18 and 13/21 (1.04% vs. 0.38%; 0.18% vs. 0.03%; 0.26% vs. 0.08%). In total, 40% of men with normal sperm density and motility had abnormal sperm aneuploidy in all the chromosomes analyzed. Men with abnormal sperm density and motility had a higher proportion of sperm sex chromosome aneuploidy than men with normal density/motility (62% vs. 45%). Men with normal strict morphology (>4%) had lower rates of sex chromosome and sperm aneuploidy than men with abnormal strict morphology (28% vs. 57%). There was no association between sperm DNA fragmentation and sperm aneuploidy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Men with RPL have increased sperm aneuploidy compared with controls. A total of 40% of men with RPL and normal sperm density/motility had abnormal sperm aneuploidy. Men with oligoasthenozoospermia and abnormal strict morphology had a greater percentage of sperm aneuploidy compared with men with normal semen parameters.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas; Center for Reproductive Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.
authors.forename: Ranjith
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ramasamy
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.
authors.forename: Jason M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Scovell
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas; Center for Reproductive Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.
authors.forename: Jason R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Kovac
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.
authors.forename: Peter J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Cook
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas; Center for Reproductive Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.
authors.forename: Dolores J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Lamb
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas. Electronic address: larryl@bcm.edu.
authors.forename: Larry I
authors.initials: LI
authors.lastname: Lipshultz
mesh_terms: D000026:Abortion, Habitual / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics*; D000328:Adult; D000782:Aneuploidy; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D053938:DNA Fragmentation; D020964:Embryo Loss / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D017404:In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence; D007248:Infertility, Male / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics; D008297:Male; D011247:Pregnancy; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D055101:Semen Analysis / Q000379:methods; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: FISH; Male infertility; aneuploidy; genetics