title: Bioactive quinone derivatives from the marine brown alga Sargassum thunbergii induce anti-adipogenic and pro-osteoblastogenic activities.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Health problems related to the lack of bone formation are a major problem for ageing populations in the modern world. As a part of the ongoing trend to develop natural substances that attenuate bone loss in osteoporosis, the effects of the edible brown alga Sargassum thunbergii and its active contents on adipogenic differentiation in 3T3-L1 fibroblasts and osteoblast differentiation in MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblasts were evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Treatment with S. thunbergii significantly reduced lipid accumulation and expression of adipogenic differentiation markers such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ, CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein α and sterol regulatory element binding protein 1c. In addition, S. thunbergii successfully enhanced osteoblast differentiation as indicated by increased alkaline phosphatase activity along raised levels of osteoblastogenesis indicators, namely bone morphogenetic protein-2, osteocalcin and collagen type I. Two compounds, sargaquinoic and sargahydroquinoic acid, were isolated from active extract and shown to be active by means of osteogenesis inducement.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  S. thunbergii could be a source for functional food ingredients for improved treatment of osteoporosis and obesity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Medical and Life Science, Silla University, Busan 617-736, Republic of Korea.|Marine Biotechnology Center for Pharmaceuticals and Foods, Silla University, Busan 617-736, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jung-Ae
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Marine Biotechnology Center for Pharmaceuticals and Foods, Silla University, Busan 617-736, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Fatih
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Karadeniz
authors.affiliation: Department of Organic Material Science and Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Byul-Nim
authors.initials: BN
authors.lastname: Ahn
authors.affiliation: Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Medical and Life Science, Silla University, Busan 617-736, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Myeong Sook
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.affiliation: Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Medical and Life Science, Silla University, Busan 617-736, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Ok-Ju
authors.initials: OJ
authors.lastname: Mun
authors.affiliation: Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Medical and Life Science, Silla University, Busan 617-736, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Min Joo
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Bae
authors.affiliation: Marine Environment and Bioscience, Korea Maritime University, Busan 606-791, Republic of Korea.|Ocean Science & Technology School, Korea Marine University, Busan 606-791, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Youngwan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Seo
authors.affiliation: Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Medical and Life Science, Silla University, Busan 617-736, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Mihyang
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Bioscience and Biotechnology Department, Graduate School, Silla University, Busan 617-736, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Sang-Hyeon
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: IS Food Co., Marine Bio-industry Department Center, Busan 619-912, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Yuck Yong
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: National Fisheries Research & Development Institute, Food and Safety Research Center, Busan 619-705, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mi-Soon
authors.affiliation: Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Medical and Life Science, Silla University, Busan 617-736, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Chang-Suk
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Kong
mesh_terms: D041721:3T3-L1 Cells; D050156:Adipogenesis / Q000187:drug effects*; D000475:Alkenes / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D016227:Benzoquinones / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D022763:CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Protein-alpha / Q000032:analysis; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D002460:Cell Line; D008055:Lipids / Q000032:analysis; D051379:Mice; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000502:physiology*; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000187:drug effects*; D047495:PPAR gamma / Q000032:analysis; D011809:Quinones / Q000494:pharmacology*; D044647:Sargassum / Q000737:chemistry*; D051780:Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein 1 / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D000475:Alkenes; D016227:Benzoquinones; D022763:CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Protein-alpha; D008055:Lipids; D047495:PPAR gamma; D011809:Quinones; D051780:Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein 1; C528847:sargahydroquinoic acid; C477718:sargaquinoic acid
keywords: Sargassum thunbergii; adipogenesis; osteoblastogenesis; osteoporosis