title: Microbial contamination of mobile phones in a health care setting in Alexandria, Egypt.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed at investigating the microbial contamination of mobile phones in a hospital setting.
  
  
  METHODS
  Swab samples were collected from 40 mobile phones of patients and health care workers at the Alexandria University Students' Hospital. They were tested for their bacterial contamination at the microbiology laboratory of the High Institute of Public Health. Quantification of bacteria was performed using both surface spread and pour plate methods. Isolated bacterial agents were identified using standard microbiological methods. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus was identified by disk diffusion method described by Bauer and Kirby. Isolated Gram-negative bacilli were tested for being extended spectrum beta lactamase producers using the double disk diffusion method according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute recommendations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All of the tested mobile phones (100%) were contaminated with either single or mixed bacterial agents. The most prevalent bacterial contaminants were methicillin-resistant S. aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci representing 53% and 50%, respectively. The mean bacterial count was 357 CFU/ml, while the median was 13 CFU/ml using the pour plate method. The corresponding figures were 2,192 and 1,720 organisms/phone using the surface spread method.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Mobile phones usage in hospital settings poses a risk of transmission of a variety of bacterial agents including multidrug-resistant pathogens as methicillin-resistant S. aureus. The surface spread method is an easy and useful tool for detection and estimation of bacterial contamination of mobile phones.
authors.affiliation: Microbiology Department, High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
authors.forename: Heba Sayed
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Selim
authors.affiliation: Microbiology Department, High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
authors.forename: Amani Farouk
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Abaza
keywords: ESBL; MRSA; bacterial contamination; hand hygiene; mobile phones