title: Epidemiology of epilepsy and its burden in Kolkata, India.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Disability-adjusted life year (DALY) is a time-based measure of disease burden incorporating both disability and mortality. Our study aimed to determine the DALY lost from epilepsy in an Indian metropolis.
  
  
  METHODS
  A population-based prospective study on epilepsy was conducted over 5 years (2003-8) in Kolkata, India, on randomly selected 100,802 subjects (males 53,209, females 47,593) to assess prevalence as well as to capture incident cases of epilepsy and those incident cases that died. Standard case definitions were used. The data were used to estimate years of life lost (YLL) due to premature mortality, years of life lived with disability (YLD), and DALY, utilizing the prevalence-based Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2010 approach. Age- and gender-specific figures were computed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During 2003-2004, a total of 476 subjects with active epilepsy were detected and the age-adjusted prevalence rate was 4.71 per 1000. Over 5 years, there were 197 incident cases of epilepsy of whom 26 died. The age-adjusted annual incidence rate of epilepsy was 38.3 per 100,000. The all-cause standardized mortality rate (SMR) of epilepsy was 2.4. The burden of epilepsy in the year 2007-8 revealed the overall YLL was 755 per 100,000, and the overall YLD ranged from 14.45 to 31.0 per 100,000 persons depending on the clinical severity of the epilepsy. Both YLL and YLD values were higher in males than in females. The overall DALY lost due to epilepsy in 2007-8 was found to be 846.96 (males 1183.04, females 463.81) per 100,000.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is the first study in India to determine the DALY of epilepsy using GBD 2010. The results reveal a substantial burden of epilepsy in our setting. Similar such studies are needed in other parts of India in both urban and rural settings.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, National Neuroscience Centre, Kolkata, India.
authors.forename: T K
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Banerjee
authors.affiliation: Department of Statistics, Ballygunje Science College, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dutta
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, BIN and IPGME&R, Kolkata, India.
authors.forename: B K
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Ray
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Medical College Kolkata, Kolkata, India.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ghosal
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, IPGME&R, Kolkata, India.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hazra
authors.affiliation: Sampling Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkata, India.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chaudhuri
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, BIN and IPGME&R, Kolkata, India.
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Das
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D044466:Asian People; D017281:Cost of Illness; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D011446:Prospective Studies; D019057:Quality-Adjusted Life Years; D012424:Rural Population
keywords: India; disability-adjusted life years (DALYs); epilepsy; incidence; mortality; prevalence; treatment gap