title: Incarceration and perinatal smoking: a missed public health opportunity.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Incarceration is simultaneously a public health opportunity and a public health concern. We examined the association between maternal/partner incarceration in the year prior to birth and perinatal smoking.
  
  
  METHODS
  We pooled 2006-2010 data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Pregnancy Risk Assessment and Monitoring System. Controlling for age, race/ethnicity, education, marital status and other stressors, we assessed prevalence and heaviness of perinatal smoking.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Women who reported incarceration of themselves or their partners in the year prior to delivery were more likely to smoke during the last trimester of pregnancy (adjusted OR (AOR) 1.51 (95% CI 1.36 to 1.67)), and they were more likely to smoke more than 10 cigarettes a day compared to smokers who did not report incarceration (AOR 1.35 (95% CI 1.10 to 1.65)). Patterns were similar for the 3 months prior to pregnancy and postbirth smoking.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Incarceration of a parent in the 12 months before birth is associated with increased risk of fetal and newborn exposure to smoking. The criminal justice system can be utilised by public health practitioners to target perinatal smoking reduction interventions.
authors.affiliation: Division of Community, Family Health and Equity, Rhode Island Department of Health, Providence, Rhode Island, USA.
authors.forename: Dora M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Dumont
authors.affiliation: Brown University Center for Primary Care and Prevention, Pawtucket, Rhode Island, USA.
authors.forename: Donna R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Parker
authors.affiliation: Rhode Island Department of Health, Center for Health Data and Analysis, Providence, Rhode Island, USA.
authors.forename: Samara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Viner-Brown
authors.affiliation: Brown University Center for Primary Care and Prevention, Pawtucket, Rhode Island, USA.
authors.forename: Jennifer G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Clarke
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D004522:Educational Status; D005260:Female; D006297:Health Services Accessibility / Q000592:standards / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D000068104:Infant Health / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D017533:Marital Status; D008431:Maternal-Fetal Exchange / Q000187:drug effects*; D011247:Pregnancy; D037841:Pregnant People / Q000523:psychology; D011329:Prisoners / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012747:Sexual Partners; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000523:psychology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution
keywords: Health inequalities; PERINATAL; PREGNANCY; SMOKING; SOCIAL FACTORS IN