title: Hurdle technology applied to prickly pear beverages for inhibiting Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Escherichia coli.
abstract: The effect of pH reduction (from 6·30-6·45 to 4·22-4·46) and the addition of antimicrobial compounds (sodium benzoate and potassium sorbate) on the inhibition of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Escherichia coli in prickly pear beverages formulated with the pulp and peel of Villanueva (V, Opuntia albicarpa) and Rojo Vigor (RV, Opuntia ficus-indica) varieties during 14 days of storage at 25°C, was evaluated. RV variety presented the highest microbial inhibition. By combining pH reduction and preservatives, reductions of 6·2-log10 and 2·3-log10 for E. coli and S. cerevisiae were achieved respectively. Due to the low reduction of S. cerevisiae, pulsed electric fields (PEF) (11-15 μs/25-50 Hz/27-36 kV cm(-1)) was applied as another preservation factor. The combination of preservatives, pH reduction and PEF at 13-15 μs/25-50 Hz for V variety, and 11 μs/50 Hz, 13-15 μs/25-50 Hz for RV, had a synergistic effect on S. cerevisiae inhibition, achieving at least 3·4-log10 of microbial reduction immediately after processing, and more than 5-log10 at fourth day of storage at 25°C maintained this reduction during 21 days of storage (P > 0·05). Hurdle technology using PEF in combination with other factors is adequate to maintain stable prickly pear beverages during 21 days/25°C. Significance and impact of the study: Prickly pear is a fruit with functional value, with high content of nutraceuticals and antioxidant activity. Functional beverages formulated with the pulp and peel of this fruit represent an alternative for its consumption. Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae are micro-organisms that typically affect fruit beverage quality and safety. The food industry is looking for processing technologies that maintain quality without compromising safety. Hurdle technology, including pulsed electric fields (PEF) could be an option to achieve this. The combination of PEF, pH reduction and preservatives is an alternative to obtain safe and minimally processed prickly pear beverages with convenient shelf-life.
authors.affiliation: Centro de Biotecnología FEMSA, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: García-García
authors.affiliation: Centro de Biotecnología FEMSA, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico.
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Escobedo-Avellaneda
authors.affiliation: Centro de Biotecnología FEMSA, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Tejada-Ortigoza
authors.affiliation: Food Technology Department, University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain.
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Martín-Belloso
authors.affiliation: Centro de Biotecnología FEMSA, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Valdez-Fragoso
authors.affiliation: Centro de Biotecnología FEMSA, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Welti-Chanes
mesh_terms: D001628:Beverages / Q000382:microbiology; D004560:Electricity; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D005519:Food Preservation / Q000379:methods; D005520:Food Preservatives / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005525:Food-Processing Industry; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D029747:Opuntia / Q000382:microbiology*; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development
chemical_list: D005520:Food Preservatives
keywords: Escherichia coli; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; hurdle technology; prickly pear; pulsed electric fields