title: Lack of detectable allergenicity in genetically modified maize containing "Cry" proteins as compared to native maize based on in silico & in vitro analysis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Genetically modified, (GM) crops with potential allergens must be evaluated for safety and endogenous IgE binding pattern compared to native variety, prior to market release.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To compare endogenous IgE binding proteins of three GM maize seeds containing Cry 1Ab,1Ac,1C transgenic proteins with non GM maize.
  
  
  METHODS
  An integrated approach of in silico & in vitro methods was employed. Cry proteins were tested for presence of allergen sequence by FASTA in allergen databases. Biochemical assays for maize extracts were performed. Specific IgE (sIgE) and Immunoblot using food sensitized patients sera (n = 39) to non GM and GM maize antigens was performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In silico approaches, confirmed for non sequence similarity of stated transgenic proteins in allergen databases. An insignificant (p> 0.05) variation in protein content between GM and non GM maize was observed. Simulated Gastric Fluid (SGF) revealed reduced number of stable protein fractions in GM then non GM maize which might be due to shift of constituent protein expression. Specific IgE values from patients showed insignificant difference in non GM and GM maize extracts. Five maize sensitized cases, recognized same 7 protein fractions of 88-28 kD as IgE bindng in both GM and non-GM maize, signifying absence of variation. Four of the reported IgE binding proteins were also found to be stable by SGF.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cry proteins did not indicate any significant similarity of >35% in allergen databases. Immunoassays also did not identify appreciable differences in endogenous IgE binding in GM and non GM maize.
authors.affiliation: CSIR-Institute of Genomics & Integrative Biology, Delhi University Campus, Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Chandni
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mathur
authors.affiliation: National Allergy Centre, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Pooran C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Kathuria
authors.affiliation: Maharishi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India.
authors.forename: Pushpa
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Dahiya
authors.affiliation: CSIR-Institute of Genomics & Integrative Biology, Delhi University Campus, Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Anand B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Singh
mesh_terms: D000485:Allergens / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D003198:Computer Simulation; D030841:Food, Genetically Modified; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D003313:Zea mays / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000485:Allergens; D010940:Plant Proteins