title: Awareness, treatment, and control of diabetes in Bangladesh: a nationwide population-based study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine awareness, treatment, and control of diabetes mellitus among the adult population in Bangladesh.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study used data from the 2011 nationally representative Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS). The BDHS sample is comprised of 7,786 adults aged 35 years or older. The primary outcome variables were fasting blood glucose, diagnosis, treatment, and control of diabetes. Multilevel logistic regression models were used to identify the risk factors for diabetes awareness.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, age-standardized prevalence of diabetes was 9.2%. Among subjects with diabetes, 41.2% were aware of their condition, 36.9% were treated, and 14.2% controlled their condition. A significant inequality in diabetes management was found from poor to wealthy households: 18.2% to 63.2% (awareness), 15.8% to 56.6% (treatment), and 8.2% to 18.4% (control). Multilevel models suggested that participants who had a lower education and lower economic condition were less likely to be aware of their diabetes. Poor management was observed among non-educated, low-income groups, and those who lived in the northwestern region.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Diabetes has become a national health concern in Bangladesh; however, treatment and control are quite low. Improving detection, awareness, and treatment strategies is urgently needed to prevent the growing burden associated with diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, First Capital University of Bangladesh, Chuadanga, Bangladesh.
authors.forename: Md Shafiur
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Rahman
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Shamima
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Akter
authors.affiliation: Department of Global Health Policy, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Sarah Krull
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Abe
authors.affiliation: Department of Population Science and Human Resource Development, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh.
authors.forename: Md Rafiqul
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Islam
authors.affiliation: Department of Population Science and Human Resource Development, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh.
authors.forename: Md Nazrul Islam
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Mondal
authors.affiliation: Department of Population Science and Human Resource Development, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh.
authors.forename: J A M Shoquilur
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Rahman
authors.affiliation: Department of Global Health Policy, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Population Science and Human Resource Development, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh.
authors.forename: Md Mizanur
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Rahman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001459:Bangladesh / Q000453:epidemiology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015995:Prevalence; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors