title: Immunogenicity of intramuscular MF59-adjuvanted and intradermal administered influenza enhanced vaccines in subjects aged over 60: A literature review.
abstract: Because of the age-related immune system decline, 2 potentiated influenza vaccines were specifically licensed for the elderly: Fluad(®), an MF59-adjuvanted vaccine administered intramuscularly (IM-MF59), and Intanza 15 mcg(®), a non adjuvanted vaccine administered intradermally (ID). The objective of this paper was to conduct a systematic review of studies that evaluated antibody responses in the elderly following immunization with IM-MF59 or ID vaccines. The two potentiated vaccines induced immune responses satisfying, in most instances, the European Medicine Agency immunogenicity criteria, both against vaccine antigens and heterovariant drifted strains. Considering pooled data reported in the articles analyzed and papers directly comparing the 2 vaccines, the antibody responses elicited by IM-MF59 and ID were found to be generally comparable. The use of IM-MF59 and ID vaccines can be proposed as an appropriate strategy for elderly seasonal influenza vaccination although further studies are required for a more complete characterization of the 2 vaccines.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Experimental Medicine ; University of Perugia ; Perugia , Italy.
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Camilloni
authors.forename: Michela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Basileo
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Valente
authors.forename: Emilia
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Nunzi
authors.forename: Anna Maria
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Iorio
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D007252:Influenza Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000276:immunology*; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000517:prevention & control*; D007271:Injections, Intradermal; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular; D008875:Middle Aged; D011136:Polysorbates / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D013185:Squalene / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D007252:Influenza Vaccines; C089950:MF59 oil emulsion; D011136:Polysorbates; D013185:Squalene
keywords: APC, Antigen-presenting cells; DC, Dendritic cell; EMA, European Medicine Agency; GMTR, Geometric Mean Titer Ratio; HA, Haemagglutinin; HI, Haemagglutination inhibiting; ID, Intradermal; IM-MF59, Intramuscular MF59; NT, Neutralization; adjuvanted vaccine; elderly; immunogenicity; influenza vaccine; intradermal vaccine; potentiated vaccine