title: Bone formation of a porous Gelatin-Pectin-biphasic calcium phosphate composite in presence of BMP-2 and VEGF.
abstract: A composite scaffold of gelatin (Gel)-pectin (Pec)-biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) was fabricated for the successful delivery of growth factors. Bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were coated on the Gel-Pec-BCP surface to investigate of effect of them on bone healing. Surface morphology was investigated by scanning electron microscopy, and BCP dispersion in the hydrogel scaffolds was measured by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The results obtained from Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy showed that BMP-2 and VEGF were successfully coated on Gel-Pec-BCP hydrogel scaffolds. MC3T3-E1 preosteoblasts were cultivated on the scaffolds to investigate the effect of BMP-2 and VEGF on cell viability and proliferation. VEGF and BMP-2 loaded on Gel-Pec-BCP scaffold facilitated increased cell spreading and proliferation compared to Gel-Pec-BCP scaffolds. In vivo, bone formation was examined using rat models. Bone formation was observed in Gel-Pec-BCP/BMP-2 and Gel-Pec-BCP/VEGF scaffolds within 4 weeks, and was greatest with Gel-Pec-BCP/BMP-2 scaffolds. In vitro and in vivo results suggest that Gel-Pec-BCP/BMP-2 and Gel-Pec-BCP/VEGF scaffolds could enhance bone regeneration.
authors.affiliation: Department of regenerative medicine, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University366-1, Ssangyong-dong, Cheonan-City, ChungCheongNam-Do 330-090, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jhaleh
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Amirian
authors.affiliation: Department of regenerative medicine, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University366-1, Ssangyong-dong, Cheonan-City, ChungCheongNam-Do 330-090, Republic of Korea; Institute of Tissue Regeneration, Soonchunhyang University366-1, Ssangyong-dong, Cheonan-City, ChungCheongNam-Do 330-090, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Nguyen Thuy Ba
authors.initials: NT
authors.lastname: Linh
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University366-1, Ssangyong-dong, Cheonan-City, ChungCheongNam-Do 330-090, Republic of Korea; Institute of Tissue Regeneration, Soonchunhyang University366-1, Ssangyong-dong, Cheonan-City, ChungCheongNam-Do 330-090, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Young Ki
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Min
authors.affiliation: Department of regenerative medicine, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University366-1, Ssangyong-dong, Cheonan-City, ChungCheongNam-Do 330-090, Republic of Korea; Institute of Tissue Regeneration, Soonchunhyang University366-1, Ssangyong-dong, Cheonan-City, ChungCheongNam-Do 330-090, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: lbt@sch.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Byong-Taek
authors.initials: BT
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001861:Bone Regeneration; D002130:Calcium Phosphates / Q000737:chemistry*; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002470:Cell Survival; D005780:Gelatin / Q000737:chemistry*; D051379:Mice; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000187:drug effects*; D010368:Pectins / Q000737:chemistry*; D016062:Porosity; D051381:Rats; D012886:Skull / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds / Q000737:chemistry*; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000187:drug effects*; D055114:X-Ray Microtomography
chemical_list: D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2; D002130:Calcium Phosphates; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D010368:Pectins; D005780:Gelatin; C020243:calcium phosphate
keywords: BMP-2; Biphase Calcium Phosphate (BCP); Freeze-drying; Gelatin; Pectin; VEGF