title: A pragmatic descriptive study of rewarming the newborn after the first bath.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate two methods of rewarming newborns after the first bath: radiant rewarming and skin-to-skin maternal newborn contact.
  
  
  METHODS
  A nonrandomized clinical trial in which mothers chose the rewarming method, with 200 participants in the skin-to-skin rewarming group (experimental condition), and 200 in the radiant rewarming group (control).
  
  
  METHODS
  A teaching hospital in the Southeast United States.
  
  
  METHODS
  Healthy, term infants after vaginal delivery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Newborn temperatures were taken immediately prior to the bath (T1), and 30 minutes (T2) and 60 minutes (T3) after the bath. Descriptive statistics and t tests were used to determine differences between groups and between time points. Logistic regression was employed to assess risk factors for newborns with temperatures less than 36.4°C 30 minutes after the bath.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Because 96 of the first 100 mothers chose skin-to-skin rewarming, we concluded the study early and analyzed the data. Of the 96 mothers who chose skin-to-skin, 91 infants were successfully rewarmed and five required rescue rewarming under the radiant warmer. Careful review of newborns requiring rescuing showed inadequate skin-to-skin contact or removal of the protective covering. In this sample, African American mothers were significantly younger, had smaller newborns, and their newborns had lower temperatures than non-African American newborns.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Given a choice, mothers overwhelmingly preferred skin-to-skin rewarming. Newborns can safely rewarm skin-to-skin if staff pay special attention to how they are positioning the newborn and recheck mother and newborn frequently. The unexpected finding of racial differences in maternal and newborn characteristics will require further investigation.
authors.forename: Sino
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: George
authors.forename: Katherine
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Phillips
authors.forename: Sharon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mallory
authors.forename: Ivana
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Holmquistova
authors.forename: Ranita
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hare
authors.forename: Shelly
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Allen
authors.forename: Melinda
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Higgins
authors.forename: Susan E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Shapiro
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001494:Baths / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D001833:Body Temperature Regulation / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006784:Hospitals, Teaching; D006801:Humans; D007035:Hypothermia / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D007224:Infant Care / Q000379:methods*; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D009034:Mother-Child Relations; D017694:Rewarming / Q000379:methods*; D012881:Skin Temperature / Q000502:physiology
keywords: newborn bath; rewarming; skin-to-skin