title: Impact of super-extended lymphadenectomy on relapse in advanced gastric cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In gastric cancer the incidence of loco-regional recurrences decreases when lymphadenectomy is expanded from D1 to D2. The present study aimed at evaluating whether the pattern of recurrence in advanced gastric cancer (AGC) is further modified when lymphadenectomy is expanded from D2 to D3.
  
  
  METHODS
  568 patients undergoing curative gastrectomy for AGC (274 D2 and 294 D3) were considered; none of them received preoperative chemotherapy. MantelHaenszel test of homogeneity was used to verify whether the relation between extension of lymphadenectomy and recurrence varied as a function of each risk factor considered. The impact of D2 and D3 on relapse was further investigated by multivariable logistic regression model.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cumulative incidence of recurrence did not significantly differ after D2 and after D3 in the whole series (45.3% vs 46.3%; p = 0.866). However, the association between recurrence and extension of lymphadenectomy was significantly affected by histology (Mantel-Haenszel test of homogeneity: p = 0.007). The risk of recurrence was higher after D3 than after D2 (45.1% vs 35.3%) in the intestinal histotype while the pattern was reversed in the mixed/diffuse histotype (48.3% vs 61.5%). This pattern was confirmed in multivariable logistic regression: the interaction between histology and extension of lymphadenectomy was highly significant (p = 0.004). In particular, cumulative incidence of locoregional recurrences was higher in the diffuse histotype after D2, while being higher in the intestinal histotype after D3.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  D3 reverses the negative impact of diffuse histotype on relapses, especially on locoregional recurrences. Therefore D3 could be considered a valid therapeutic option in histotype-oriented tailored treatment of AGC.
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Surgery, General and Upper G.I. Surgery Division, University of Verona, Verona, Italy. Electronic address: giovanni.demanzoni@univr.it.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: de Manzoni
authors.affiliation: Unit of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Verlato
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Surgery, General and Upper G.I. Surgery Division, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bencivenga
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Human Pathology and Oncology, Section of General Surgery and Surgical Oncology, Translational Research Laboratory, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Marrelli
authors.affiliation: Unit of General Surgery, Rovereto Hospital, APSS of Trento, Trento, Italy.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Di Leo
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Surgery, General and Upper G.I. Surgery Division, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Giacopuzzi
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Surgery, General and Upper G.I. Surgery Division, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cipollari
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Human Pathology and Oncology, Section of General Surgery and Surgical Oncology, Translational Research Laboratory, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Roviello
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D000368:Aged; D001011:Aorta; D005260:Female; D005743:Gastrectomy; D006801:Humans; D008197:Lymph Node Excision / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000473:pathology*; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*
keywords: Gastric cancer; Lauren's diffuse; Loco-regional recurrences; Super-extended (D3) lymphadenectomy