title: Effect of n-3 PUFA supplementation at different EPA:DHA ratios on the spontaneously hypertensive obese rat model of the metabolic syndrome.
abstract: The increasing incidence of the metabolic syndrome (MetS), a combination of risk factors before the onset of CVD and type 2 diabetes, encourages studies on the role of functional food components such as long-chain n-3 PUFA as preventive agents. In the present study, we explore the effect of EPA and DHA supplementation in different proportions on spontaneously hypertensive obese (SHROB) rats, a model for the MetS in a prediabetic state with mild oxidative stress. SHROB rats were randomised into four groups (n 7), each supplemented with EPA/DHA at ratios of 1:1, 2:1 and 1:2, or soyabean oil as the control for 13 weeks. The results showed that in all the proportions tested, EPA/DHA supplementation significantly lowered total and LDL-cholesterol concentrations, compared with those of the control group. EPA/DHA supplementation at the ratios of 1:1 and 2:1 significantly decreased inflammation (C-reactive protein levels) and lowered oxidative stress (decreased excretion of urinary isoprostanes), mainly at the ratio of 1:2. The activity of antioxidant enzymes increased in erythrocytes, abdominal fat and kidneys, with magnitudes depending on the EPA:DHA ratio. PUFA mixtures from fish affected different MetS markers of CVD risk factors in SHROB rats, depending on the ratios of EPA/DHA supplementation. The activation of endogenous defence systems may be related to the reduction of inflammation and oxidative stress.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC),Barcelona,Spain.
authors.forename: Eunice
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Molinar-Toribio
authors.affiliation: Institute of Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC),Barcelona,Spain.
authors.forename: Jara
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pérez-Jiménez
authors.affiliation: Institute of Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC),Barcelona,Spain.
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ramos-Romero
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Rovira i Virgili,Reus,Spain.
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Romeu
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Rovira i Virgili,Reus,Spain.
authors.forename: Montserrat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Giralt
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Rovira i Virgili,Reus,Spain.
authors.forename: Núria
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Taltavull
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Rovira i Virgili,Reus,Spain.
authors.forename: Mònica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Muñoz-Cortes
authors.affiliation: Scientific and Technological Centers of the University of Barcelona (CCiT-UB),Barcelona,Spain.
authors.forename: Olga
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Jáuregui
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas (IIM-CSIC),Vigo,Spain.
authors.forename: Lucía
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Méndez
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas (IIM-CSIC),Vigo,Spain.
authors.forename: Isabel
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Medina
authors.affiliation: Institute of Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC),Barcelona,Spain.
authors.forename: Josep Lluís
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Torres
mesh_terms: D050153:Abdominal Fat / Q000201:enzymology / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism / Q000652:urine; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015118:Eicosapentaenoic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000201:enzymology / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005395:Fish Oils / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006937:Hypercholesterolemia / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D006973:Hypertension / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D007668:Kidney / Q000201:enzymology / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000150:complications / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000276:immunology / Q000503:physiopathology; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications*; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D010088:Oxidoreductases / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D011236:Prediabetic State / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011897:Random Allocation; D011922:Rats, Mutant Strains
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D005395:Fish Oils; D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D015118:Eicosapentaenoic Acid; D010088:Oxidoreductases
keywords: EPA/DHA