title: Site-specific nitrosoproteomic identification of endogenously S-nitrosylated proteins in Arabidopsis.
abstract: Nitric oxide (NO) regulates multiple developmental events and stress responses in plants. A major biologically active species of NO is S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO), which is irreversibly degraded by GSNO reductase (GSNOR). The major physiological effect of NO is protein S-nitrosylation, a redox-based posttranslational modification mechanism by covalently linking an NO molecule to a cysteine thiol. However, little is known about the mechanisms of S-nitrosylation-regulated signaling, partly due to limited S-nitrosylated proteins being identified. In this study, we identified 1,195 endogenously S-nitrosylated peptides in 926 proteins from the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) by a site-specific nitrosoproteomic approach, which, to date, is the largest data set of S-nitrosylated proteins among all organisms. Consensus sequence analysis of these peptides identified several motifs that contain acidic, but not basic, amino acid residues flanking the S-nitrosylated cysteine residues. These S-nitrosylated proteins are involved in a wide range of biological processes and are significantly enriched in chlorophyll metabolism, photosynthesis, carbohydrate metabolism, and stress responses. Consistently, the gsnor1-3 mutant shows the decreased chlorophyll content and altered photosynthetic properties, suggesting that S-nitrosylation is an important regulatory mechanism in these processes. These results have provided valuable resources and new clues to the studies on S-nitrosylation-regulated signaling in plants.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Plant Gene Research Center (J.H., L.C., J.Z.), and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology (X.H., Y.W.), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China (J.H., L.C.); andInstitute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China (X.S., C.L., L.Z.).
authors.forename: Jiliang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Plant Gene Research Center (J.H., L.C., J.Z.), and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology (X.H., Y.W.), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China (J.H., L.C.); andInstitute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China (X.S., C.L., L.Z.).
authors.forename: Xiahe
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Plant Gene Research Center (J.H., L.C., J.Z.), and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology (X.H., Y.W.), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China (J.H., L.C.); andInstitute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China (X.S., C.L., L.Z.).
authors.forename: Lichao
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Plant Gene Research Center (J.H., L.C., J.Z.), and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology (X.H., Y.W.), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China (J.H., L.C.); andInstitute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China (X.S., C.L., L.Z.).
authors.forename: Xuwu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Plant Gene Research Center (J.H., L.C., J.Z.), and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology (X.H., Y.W.), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China (J.H., L.C.); andInstitute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China (X.S., C.L., L.Z.).
authors.forename: Congming
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Plant Gene Research Center (J.H., L.C., J.Z.), and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology (X.H., Y.W.), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China (J.H., L.C.); andInstitute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China (X.S., C.L., L.Z.).
authors.forename: Lixin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Plant Gene Research Center (J.H., L.C., J.Z.), and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology (X.H., Y.W.), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China (J.H., L.C.); andInstitute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China (X.S., C.L., L.Z.).
authors.forename: Yingchun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Plant Gene Research Center (J.H., L.C., J.Z.), and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology (X.H., Y.W.), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China (J.H., L.C.); andInstitute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China (X.S., C.L., L.Z.) jrzuo@genetics.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Jianru
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zuo
mesh_terms: D020816:Amino Acid Motifs; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism; D003545:Cysteine / Q000378:metabolism; D005980:Glutathione Reductase / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational; D040901:Proteomics; D026422:S-Nitrosoglutathione / Q000378:metabolism*; D036226:Seedlings / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013438:Sulfhydryl Compounds / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D013438:Sulfhydryl Compounds; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D026422:S-Nitrosoglutathione; D005980:Glutathione Reductase; C521253:S-nitrosoglutathione reductase, Arabidopsis; D003545:Cysteine