title: β-Hydroxybutyric sodium salt inhibition of growth hormone and prolactin secretion via the cAMP/PKA/CREB and AMPK signaling pathways in dairy cow anterior pituitary cells.
abstract: β-hydroxybutyric acid (BHBA) regulates the synthesis and secretion of growth hormone (GH) and prolactin (PRL), but its mechanism is unknown. In this study, we detected the effects of BHBA on the activities of G protein signaling pathways, AMPK-α activity, GH, and PRL gene transcription, and GH and PRL secretion in dairy cow anterior pituitary cells (DCAPCs). The results showed that BHBA decreased intracellular cAMP levels and a subsequent reduction in protein kinase A (PKA) activity. Inhibition of PKA activity reduced cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) phosphorylation, thereby inhibiting GH and PRL transcription and secretion. The effects of BHBA were attenuated by a specific Gαi inhibitor, pertussis toxin (PTX). In addition, intracellular BHBA uptake mediated by monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT1) could trigger AMPK signaling and result in the decrease in GH and PRL mRNA translation in DCAPCs cultured under low-glucose and non-glucose condition when compared with the high-glucose group. This study identifies a biochemical mechanism for the regulatory action of BHBA on GH and PRL gene transcription, translation, and secretion in DCAPCs, which may be one of the factors that regulate pituitary function during the transition period in dairy cows.
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China. shoupengfu@163.com.|College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China. shoupengfu@163.com.
authors.forename: Shou-Peng
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China. wang_wei99@jlu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China. lhglbr@163.com.
authors.forename: Bing-Run
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China. yanghuanmin@aliyun.com.
authors.forename: Huan-Min
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China. jihonghljbynd@aliyun.com.
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ji
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China. yangzhanqing1983@163.com.
authors.forename: Zhan-Qing
authors.initials: ZQ
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China. guobin79@jlu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China. juxiongliu@sina.com.
authors.forename: Ju-Xiong
authors.initials: JX
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China. wjflw@sina.com.|College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China. wjflw@sina.com.
authors.forename: Jian-Fa
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D055372:AMP-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000378:metabolism; D017362:Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D017868:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005947:Glucose / Q000494:pharmacology; D013006:Growth Hormone / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D006885:Hydroxybutyrates / Q000633:toxicity*; D027501:Monocarboxylic Acid Transporters / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D037342:Pertussis Toxin / Q000494:pharmacology; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D010903:Pituitary Gland, Anterior / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D011388:Prolactin / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects*; D027981:Symporters / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D050817:Transcription Factor Pit-1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects; D000099233:Monocarboxylate Transport Protein 1
chemical_list: D055372:AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; D000242:Cyclic AMP; D017362:Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein; D017868:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases; D005947:Glucose; D013006:Growth Hormone; D006885:Hydroxybutyrates; D027501:Monocarboxylic Acid Transporters; D037342:Pertussis Toxin; D011388:Prolactin; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D027981:Symporters; D050817:Transcription Factor Pit-1; D000099233:Monocarboxylate Transport Protein 1