title: Comparison of immune response of Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei, after multiple and single infections with WSSV and Vibrio anguillarum.
abstract: Our previous study demonstrated that Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) infected by multiple pathogens showed higher mortality and death occurred more quickly than those infected by a single pathogen (Jang et al., 2014). For better understanding the defense mechanism against white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) and Vibrio anguillarum, immune responses of shrimp were evaluated in this study. The mRNA expression levels of five immune-related genes were analyzed by quantitative reverse real-time PCR, which included proPO-activating enzyme 1 (PPAE1), PPAE2, proPO activating factor (PPAF), masquerade-like serine proteinase (Mas) and ras-related nuclear gene (Ran). Results demonstrated that the transcription was suppressed more intensively in the multiple infection group than those in single infection groups. The transcriptional suppression was directly related to the higher mortality. The hypoimmunity could benefit pathogen invasion, replication and release of toxin in vivo. Results in this study will help to understand immune defense mechanism after shrimp were infected by multiple pathogens in aquaculture.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ocean Technology, College of Chemistry and Biology Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, China.
authors.forename: Guo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Qiao
authors.affiliation: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Aquatic Animal Health Research Unit, 990 Wire Road, Auburn, AL 36832, USA.
authors.forename: De-Hai
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Department of Ocean Technology, College of Chemistry and Biology Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, China.
authors.forename: Zishen
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: West Sea Fisheries Research Institute, National Fisheries Research & Development Institute, Incheon 400-420, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: In-Kwon
authors.initials: IK
authors.lastname: Jang
authors.affiliation: Department of Ocean Technology, College of Chemistry and Biology Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, China.
authors.forename: Zhitao
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Qi
authors.affiliation: Department of Ocean Technology, College of Chemistry and Biology Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, China. Electronic address: zhangmingm44ok@163.com.
authors.forename: Mingming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: West Sea Fisheries Research Institute, National Fisheries Research & Development Institute, Incheon 400-420, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: isagemang@naver.com.
authors.forename: Su-Kyoung
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D060829:Arthropod Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D033561:Penaeidae / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000821:virology; D012697:Serine Endopeptidases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D014733:Vibrio / Q000276:immunology*; D046848:White spot syndrome virus 1 / Q000276:immunology*; D020931:ran GTP-Binding Protein / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D060829:Arthropod Proteins; D012697:Serine Endopeptidases; D020931:ran GTP-Binding Protein
keywords: Immune response; Litopenaeus vannamei; Multiple infections; Vibrio anguillarum; White spot syndrome virus (WSSV)