title: Does the Incremental Shuttle Walking Test require maximal effort in healthy subjects of different ages?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate if the Incremental Shuttle Walking Test (ISWT) requires maximal effort in healthy subjects of different ages.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional.
  
  
  METHODS
  University-based research laboratory.
  
  
  METHODS
  331 healthy subjects separated into six groups according to age: G1, 18 to 28 years; G2, 29 to 39 years; G3, 40 to 50 years; G4, 51 to 61 years; G5, 62 to 72 years and; G6, 73 to 83 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two ISWTs were performed and participants were permitted to run and to exceed 12 levels during the test, if necessary. Heart rate (HR) and symptoms of dyspnoea and fatigue were recorded before and after the test, and the percentage of age-predicted maximal HR (HRmax) was calculated. Maximal effort was defined as HRmax >90% of age-predicted HRmax.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Almost 31% of the subjects exceeded 12 levels in the ISWT. At the end of the test, all groups presented a median [interquartile range] HR greater than 90% of HRmax (G1: 100 [95 to 104]; G2: 100 [96 to 105]; G3: 103 [97 to 108]; G4: 99 [91 to 106]; G5: 96 [87 to 106] and G6: 96 [91 to 109]% HRmax). Regarding symptoms, all groups showed higher values after the test (P<0.05). A multiple logistic regression analysis identified female gender, older age and a lower HR before the test as determinants of not achieving 90% of HRmax at the end of the test.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The ISWT requires maximal effort in healthy individuals, but for that it is necessary to extend the test beyond twelve levels. Female gender, older age and lower heart rate before the test are the determinants of not reaching maximal effort.
authors.affiliation: Centro de Pesquisa em Ciências da Saúde (CPCS), Universidade Norte do Paraná (UNOPAR), Londrina, Paraná, Brazil; Pós-graduação em Ciências da Reabilitação (Programa associado Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL) - Universidade Norte do Paraná (UNOPAR)), Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.
authors.forename: Cristiane Golias
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Gonçalves
authors.affiliation: Centro de Pesquisa em Ciências da Saúde (CPCS), Universidade Norte do Paraná (UNOPAR), Londrina, Paraná, Brazil; Pós-graduação em Ciências da Reabilitação (Programa associado Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL) - Universidade Norte do Paraná (UNOPAR)), Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rafael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mesquita
authors.affiliation: Centro de Pesquisa em Ciências da Saúde (CPCS), Universidade Norte do Paraná (UNOPAR), Londrina, Paraná, Brazil; Pós-graduação em Ciências da Reabilitação (Programa associado Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL) - Universidade Norte do Paraná (UNOPAR)), Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hayashi
authors.affiliation: Centro de Pesquisa em Ciências da Saúde (CPCS), Universidade Norte do Paraná (UNOPAR), Londrina, Paraná, Brazil; Pós-graduação em Ciências da Reabilitação (Programa associado Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL) - Universidade Norte do Paraná (UNOPAR)), Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.
authors.forename: Myriam Fernanda
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Merli
authors.affiliation: Centro de Pesquisa em Ciências da Saúde (CPCS), Universidade Norte do Paraná (UNOPAR), Londrina, Paraná, Brazil; Pós-graduação em Ciências da Reabilitação (Programa associado Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL) - Universidade Norte do Paraná (UNOPAR)), Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.
authors.forename: Laís Silva
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Vidotto
authors.affiliation: Centro de Pesquisa em Ciências da Saúde (CPCS), Universidade Norte do Paraná (UNOPAR), Londrina, Paraná, Brazil; Pós-graduação em Ciências da Reabilitação (Programa associado Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL) - Universidade Norte do Paraná (UNOPAR)), Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.
authors.forename: Karen Barros Parron
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Fernandes
authors.affiliation: Centro de Pesquisa em Ciências da Saúde (CPCS), Universidade Norte do Paraná (UNOPAR), Londrina, Paraná, Brazil; Pós-graduação em Ciências da Reabilitação (Programa associado Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL) - Universidade Norte do Paraná (UNOPAR)), Londrina, Paraná, Brazil; Laboratório de Pesquisa em Fisioterapia Pulmonar (LFIP), Departamento de Fisioterapia, Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL), Londrina, Paraná, Brazil. Electronic address: vanessaprobst@uol.com.br.
authors.forename: Vanessa S
authors.initials: VS
authors.lastname: Probst
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004417:Dyspnea / Q000503:physiopathology; D005080:Exercise Test / Q000379:methods*; D005221:Fatigue / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D064368:Healthy Volunteers; D006339:Heart Rate; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010101:Oxygen Consumption; D026741:Physical Therapy Modalities; D012016:Reference Values; D012737:Sex Factors; D016138:Walking / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Exercise test; Exercise tolerance; Heart rate