title: The Protective Effects of Exclusive Enteral Nutrition Formulas on Growth Factor Expression and the Proximal Tibial Epiphyseal Growth Plate in a TNBS-Induced IBD Rat Model.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of different types of nutritional formulas in a rat model of TNBS-induced IBD.
  
  
  METHODS
  IBD was induced with TNBS in 4-week-old rats that were then fed different exclusive enteral nutrition diets for 7 days. The length of the tibia and the number of chondrocytes in the proximal tibias were analyzed at 7 days after supplementation. Immunohistochemical analysis, ELISA and real-time PCR were performed to evaluate the levels of growth hormone receptor (GHR) and insulin-like growth factor-I receptor (IGF-IR), the growth factors IGF-I and insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-3 (IGFBP3) , bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2 and BMP-6 respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results demonstrated that the tibia length of the peptide formula group was longer than that of the IBD-Modulen(®) formula and normal diet groups (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the number of chondrocytes of the proximal tibial was more pronounced in the peptide formula group compared to the other groups (P < 0.05). The peptide formula was also more effective in increasing the expression of GHR compared to the other groups (P < 0.05), while the expression of IGF-IR was not significantly different (P > 0.05). In addition, the IGF-I and IGFBP3 levels were more pronounced in the peptide formula supplement group (P < 0.05), and the expression of BMP-2 and BMP-6 mRNA in the proximal tibia growth plate from the peptide formula group was higher than that in the ordinary formula and normal diet groups (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  EEN, and particularly a peptide formula, exerted protective effects on the proximal tibial epiphyseal growth plate in a TNBS-induced IBD model.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, No. 399 Wan-Yuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, 201102, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jieru
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: Zhiheng
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Yuhuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Huang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001846:Bone Development / Q000187:drug effects; D004032:Diet; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004750:Enteral Nutrition; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D006132:Growth Plate / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D043183:Irritable Bowel Syndrome / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000178:diet therapy; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D011986:Receptors, Somatotropin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D013977:Tibia / Q000254:growth & development; D014302:Trinitrobenzenesulfonic Acid / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D011986:Receptors, Somatotropin; D014302:Trinitrobenzenesulfonic Acid