title: Differential effects of particulate matter upwind and downwind of an urban freeway in an allergic mouse model.
abstract: Near-road exposure to air pollutants has been associated with decreased lung function and other adverse health effects in susceptible populations. This study was designed to investigate whether different types of near-road particulate matter (PM) contribute to exacerbation of allergic asthma. Samples of upwind and downwind coarse, fine, and ultrafine PM were collected using a wind direction-actuated ChemVol sampler at a single site 100 m from Interstate-96 in Detroit, MI during winter 2010/2011. Upwind PM was enriched in crustal and wood combustion sources while downwind PM was dominated by traffic sources. Control and ovalbumin (OVA)-sensitized BALB/cJ mice were exposed via oropharyngeal (OP) aspiration to 20 or 100 μg of each PM sample 2 h prior to OP challenge with OVA. In OVA-allergic mice, 100 μg of downwind coarse PM caused greater increases than downwind fine/ultrafine PM in bronchoalveolar lavage neutrophils, eosinophils, and lactate dehydrogenase. Upwind fine PM (100 μg) produced greater increases in neutrophils and eosinophils compared to other upwind size fractions. Cytokine (IL-5) levels in BAL fluid also increased markedly following 100 μg downwind coarse and downwind ultrafine PM exposures. These findings indicate coarse PM downwind and fine PM upwind of an interstate highway promote inflammation in allergic mice.
authors.affiliation: †Curriculum in Toxicology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States.
authors.forename: Marie A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: McGee
authors.affiliation: ‡Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, United States.
authors.forename: Ali S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Kamal
authors.affiliation: §National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, United States.
authors.forename: John K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: McGee
authors.affiliation: §National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, United States.
authors.forename: Charles E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Wood
authors.affiliation: §National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, United States.
authors.forename: Janice A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Dye
authors.affiliation: §National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, United States.
authors.forename: Q Todd
authors.initials: QT
authors.lastname: Krantz
authors.affiliation: §National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, United States.
authors.forename: Matthew S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Landis
authors.affiliation: §National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, United States.
authors.forename: M Ian
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Gilmour
authors.affiliation: §National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, United States.
authors.forename: Stephen H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Gavett
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*; D000818:Animals; D004804:Eosinophils / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D007249:Inflammation / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000378:metabolism; D019570:Inhalation Exposure; D015848:Interleukin-5 / Q000378:metabolism; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008824:Michigan; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000187:drug effects; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*; D001335:Vehicle Emissions / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*; D014919:Wind
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D015848:Interleukin-5; D052638:Particulate Matter; D001335:Vehicle Emissions; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase