title: Lithogenic factors in postmenopausal women with osteoporotic fracture.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study was to show the presence of phosphorus and calcium metabolism disorders and the presence of urine lithogenic factors in women with osteoporotic fracture without previous urinary lithiasis.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a cross-sectional study including 55 women with osteoporotic fracture surgically treated in the Trauma Department. We included women with osteoporotic fracture demonstrated by the fracture area, fracture mechanism and the presence of osteoporosis by bone densitometry. We analyzed phospho-calcium metabolism as well as the calciuria, oxaluria, citraturia and uricosuria levels with fasting and 24-hour urine study. The presence of abnormal calcium and phosphorus metabolism was compared between women with hypercalciuria and normocalciuria.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 55 women had a mean age of 70.1±13.8 years and a mean body mass index of 27.9±3.8 kg/m2. Forty-percent of the patients showed hypercalciuria, 36.4% hyperoxaluria, 36.4% hypocitraturia, and 5.3% hyperuricosuria. When comparing patients with hypercalciuria and normocalciuria, the only statistically significant difference was fasting urinary calcium/creatinine levels (0.16 versus 0.08, respectively; P<0.0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Women with osteoporotic fracture showed several lithogenic factors in the urine studies, mainly fasting hypercalciuria. Although in this study hypercalciuria did not involve the presence of lithiasis, it can favor the appearance of lithiasis with other predisposing conditions. Therefore, an accurate assessment of urine calcium levels with other lithogenic factors, such as citrate and oxalate levels, may facilitate individualized management and treatment of osteoporosis without increasing the risk of nephrolithiasis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Traumatology, Rafael Mendez Hospital, Lorca, Spain.
authors.forename: Miguel A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Ochoa-Hortal Rull
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, La Inmaculada Hospital, Huercal-Overa, Spain.
authors.forename: María C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Cano-García
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Granada University Hospital, IBS Granada, Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: Miguel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Arrabal-Martín
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, La Inmaculada Hospital, Huercal-Overa, Spain - arrabalp@ono.com.
authors.forename: Miguel A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Arrabal-Polo
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002951:Citrates / Q000652:urine; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D053565:Hypercalciuria / Q000652:urine; D008875:Middle Aged; D058866:Osteoporotic Fractures / Q000150:complications* / Q000652:urine; D010070:Oxalates / Q000652:urine; D017698:Postmenopause; D052878:Urolithiasis / Q000150:complications* / Q000652:urine
chemical_list: D002951:Citrates; D010070:Oxalates