title: Growth changes in infants born of adolescent mothers: Results of a national cohort study in Taiwan.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Adolescent pregnancy and childbirth are associated with increased risk and challenges for both mothers and birth outcomes.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the associations of growth change over time with parenting factors and to compare the differences between children born to adolescent and adult mothers in Taiwan.
  
  
  METHODS
  The dataset retrieved from Taiwan birth cohort study (TBCS) was collected by interviews using structured questionnaires, birth certificate and Passport of Well-baby Care of each child. Changes in body weight, body height and head circumference from birth to 18 months, as well as other variables were assessed by statistical analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 4.13% births born to adolescent mothers in 2005. Higher ratios of breastfeeding and working were found among adult mothers (p<0.001). Significantly higher percentage of adolescent mothers caregave their infants up to 18 months (p<0.001). Children born to adolescent mothers were associated with statistically significant lower body weight (p<0.001), body height (p<0.001) and head circumference (p<0.001) in spite of velocity and slop of growth patterns were similar over time. Breastfeeding did not significantly affected growth rate during the first 6 months. Generalized estimated equation models showed that gender and preterm birth were predictive factors for birth outcomes (both p<0.001) and correlated to changes over time.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Adolescent childbearing was associated with preterm birth and lower body weight, body height and head circumference from birth to 18 months. The changes in growth and development among children born to adolescent mothers remain to be followed and evaluated with the TBCS.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University (CSMU), Taichung 402, Taiwan. ; Department of Nursing, CSMU Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yu-Ju
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University (CSMU), Taichung 402, Taiwan. ; School of Nursing, CSMU, Taichung 402, Taiwan. ; Department of Nursing, CSMU Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chi-Rong
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, CSMU, Taichung 402, Taiwan. ; Department of Nursing, CSMU Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Shu-Hsin
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Bu-Qing
authors.initials: BQ
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University (CSMU), Taichung 402, Taiwan. ; School of Nursing, National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Wei-Ya
authors.initials: WY
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, CSMU, Taichung 402, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Ching-Pyng
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Kuo
authors.affiliation: Wurih District Public Health Center, Taichung 402, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Shiow-Li
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.affiliation: National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei 365, Taiwan. ; Department of Family Medicine, Taichung Hospital, Department of Health, Executive Yuan, Taichung 402, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Ming-Chih
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Lee
keywords: Adolescent; Body weight; Breastfeeding; Infants