title: Parathyroid hormone, calcium, and sodium bridging between osteoporosis and hypertension in postmenopausal Korean women.
abstract: The coexistence of osteoporosis and hypertension, which are considered distinct diseases, has been widely reported. In addition, daily intake of calcium and sodium, as well as parathyroid hormone levels (PTH), is known to be associated with osteoporosis and hypertension. This study aimed to determine the association of low calcium intake, high sodium intake, and PTH levels with osteoporosis and hypertension in postmenopausal Korean women. Data for postmenopausal Korean women aged 50 years or older were obtained from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2008-2011. Osteoporosis was diagnosed using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, while hypertension was diagnosed using blood pressure data. The odds ratios for osteoporosis and hypertension were calculated using logistic regression analysis for quartiles of the daily calcium intake, daily sodium intake, and PTH levels. Women with hypertension had a high coexistence of osteoporosis (43.6 vs. 36.5 %; P = 0.022), and vice versa (21.1 vs. 16.6 %; P = 0.022). PTH was significantly associated with osteoporosis and hypertension, and a high intake of calcium was strongly correlated with a low incidence of osteoporosis. This is the first study to report the characteristics of postmenopausal Korean women who have high dietary sodium intake and low dietary calcium intake, in association with the incidence of osteoporosis and hypertension. Osteoporosis and hypertension were strongly associated with each other, and PTH appears to be a key mediator of both diseases, suggesting a possible pathogenic link.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Engineering, Yonsei University College of Medicine, CPO Box 8044, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Jee Soo
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Soo Beom
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Yumie
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Rhee
authors.forename: Jai Won
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: Eui-Young
authors.initials: EY
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Deok Won
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D044466:Asian People; D002136:Calcium, Dietary; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015994:Incidence; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D015663:Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal / Q000453:epidemiology*; D010281:Parathyroid Hormone / Q000097:blood*; D056910:Republic of Korea / Q000453:epidemiology; D012982:Sodium, Dietary
chemical_list: D002136:Calcium, Dietary; D010281:Parathyroid Hormone; D012982:Sodium, Dietary