title: Relationships between activities of daily living, upper limb function, and visual perception in children and adolescents with unilateral cerebral palsy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study examined relationships between activities of daily living (ADL) motor and process skills, unimanual capacity, bimanual performance, and visual perception in children with unilateral cerebral palsy (CP).
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants were 101 children with unilateral CP (51 males, 50 females; mean age 11y 9mo [SD 2y 5mo; range 8-17y]; Manual Ability Classification System [MACS] level I=24; level II=76; level III=1). Measures were (1) Assessment of Motor and Process Skills (AMPS), (2) Jebsen-Taylor Test of Hand Function (JTTHF), (3) Assisting Hand Assessment (AHA), and (4) Test of Visual Perceptual Skills, 3rd edition (TVPS-3). Regression models were constructed with the AMPS motor scale and AMPS process as the dependent variables.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The AHA and JTTHF dominant upper limb score together explained 57% of the variance in AMPS motor scale scores. TVPS-3 Visual Sequential Memory, TVPS-3 Visual Closure, and JTTHF dominant upper limb score together explained 35% of the variance in AMPS process scale scores.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Bimanual performance and unimanual capacity of the dominant upper limb are significantly associated with ADL motor skills in children with unilateral CP. Process skills of ADL are related to visual perceptual ability and dominant upper limb unimanual capacity, which may reflect motor planning required to perform daily tasks.
authors.affiliation: Queensland Cerebral Palsy and Rehabilitation Research Centre, School of Medicine, Royal Children's Hospital, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia.
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: James
authors.affiliation: Children's Allied Health Research, Queensland Health, Brisbane, Qld, Australia.|School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia.
authors.forename: Jenny
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ziviani
authors.affiliation: School of Population Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia.|Queensland Children's Medical Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia.
authors.forename: Robert S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Ware
authors.affiliation: Queensland Cerebral Palsy and Rehabilitation Research Centre, School of Medicine, Royal Children's Hospital, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia.
authors.forename: Roslyn N
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Boyd
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living / Q000523:psychology*; D000293:Adolescent; D001315:Australia; D001499:Bayes Theorem; D002547:Cerebral Palsy / Q000150:complications* / Q000523:psychology*; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D007839:Functional Laterality; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D019957:Motor Skills Disorders / Q000209:etiology; D010468:Perceptual Disorders / Q000209:etiology*; D012044:Regression Analysis; D034941:Upper Extremity / Q000503:physiopathology*; D014796:Visual Perception / Q000502:physiology*