title: Aloe vera bathing improved physical and humoral protection in breeding stock after induced spawning in matrinxã (Brycon amazonicus).
abstract: In this study, we show that induced spawning causes stress, an intense loss of epithelia and immunosuppression, decreasing physical and humoral protection in fish, effects that were prevented or improved in fish bathed with Aloe vera. A. vera has several medicinal properties, including wound healing and immunostimulatory effects, which we observed in this study. Fish bathed with A. vera had a higher number of epidermal goblet cells and, in general, an improved wound healing rate compared with the control after induced spawning. These effects might be related to (1) the stimulation of leukocyte activity, represented here by the increased leukocyte respiratory activity triggered by A. vera (leukocytes are recognized as playing an important role in wound repair); (2) the antimicrobial properties of A. vera, which decrease wound infection and accelerate the healing process; and (3) several mechanisms that explain the healing effect of A. vera (increased collagen synthesis, rate of epithelialization, and anti-inflammatory and moisturizing effects). Our results also suggest that caution is necessary during the induced spawning process, especially during stripping, and A. vera bathing is recommended after intensive aquaculture operations.
authors.affiliation: Centro de Aquicultura da Unesp, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castelane, 14884-900 Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil; Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Biociências, Campus de Botucatu, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Rubião Jr., 18618-970 Botucatu, SP, Brazil. Electronic address: fabioszanuzzo@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Fábio S
authors.initials: FS
authors.lastname: Zanuzzo
authors.affiliation: Universidade de Rio Verde - FESURV, Campus Universitário, s/n. Rio Verde, CEP: 75901-970 Goiás, Brazil. Electronic address: sfzaiden@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Sérgio F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Zaiden
authors.affiliation: Centro Nacional de Pesquisa e Conservação de Peixes Continentais (CEPTA/ICMBio), Rodovia Euberto Pereira de Godoy, km 6,5, Pirassununga, 13630-000 São Paulo, Brazil. Electronic address: jose.senhorini@ibama.gov.br.
authors.forename: José A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Senhorini
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo - USP, Via do Café, Monte Alegre, 14040-903 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil. Electronic address: clenimar@usp.br.
authors.forename: Cleni M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Marzocchi-Machado
authors.affiliation: Centro de Aquicultura da Unesp, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castelane, 14884-900 Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil; Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castelane, 14884-900 Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Elisabeth C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Urbinati
mesh_terms: D000504:Aloe / Q000737:chemistry*; D000818:Animals; D017756:Aquaculture / Q000379:methods*; D060125:Characiformes / Q000276:immunology* / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D007113:Immunity, Innate / Q000187:drug effects*; D008297:Male; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology; D011897:Random Allocation; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D010936:Plant Extracts
keywords: Aloe vera; Brycon amazonicus; Induced spawning; Innate immune response; Skin injury