title: Impact of freezing on the emergence of Culicoides chiopterus and Culicoides dewulfi from bovine dung.
abstract: The emergence of Culicoides chiopterus (Meigen), 1830 and C. dewulfi Goetghebuer, 1936 (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) from cowpats in northwestern Germany was investigated. In order to investigate the survival of both species at low temperatures, cowpat subsamples were frozen for 48h at -18 and -21°C. Emergence from frozen and non-frozen samples was compared. The number of emerging adults of C. chiopterus from samples frozen at -18°C was greatly reduced and no emergence was observed from samples frozen at -21°C. No adult C. dewulfi emerged from frozen samples, suggesting this species is less resistant to these temperatures, compared to C. chiopterus.
authors.affiliation: Research Group Aquatic Ecology and Nature Conservation, Department of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Ammerländer Heerstraße 114-118, D-26111 Oldenburg, Germany. Electronic address: sonja.steinke@uni-oldenburg.de.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Steinke
authors.affiliation: Research Group Aquatic Ecology and Nature Conservation, Department of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Ammerländer Heerstraße 114-118, D-26111 Oldenburg, Germany.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lühken
authors.affiliation: Research Group Aquatic Ecology and Nature Conservation, Department of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Ammerländer Heerstraße 114-118, D-26111 Oldenburg, Germany.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kiel
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D002519:Ceratopogonidae / Q000502:physiology*; D005243:Feces / Q000469:parasitology*; D005615:Freezing; D013045:Species Specificity
keywords: Development; Emergence; Freezing; Larvae; Overwintering