title: Insufficient sleep among elementary and middle school students is linked with elevated soda consumption and other unhealthy dietary behaviors.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study examines the extent to which insufficient sleep is associated with diet quality in students taking part in the Massachusetts Childhood Obesity Research Demonstration Project.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were collected in Fall 2012 for all 4th and 7th grade children enrolled in public schools in two Massachusetts communities. During annual body mass index (BMI) screening, students completed a survey that assessed diet, physical activity, screen time, and sleep. Of the 2456 enrolled students, 1870 (76%) had complete survey data. Generalized estimating equations were used to examine associations between sleep duration and dietary outcomes (vegetables, fruits, 100% juice, juice drinks, soda, sugar-sweetened beverages and water), accounting for clustering by school. Models were adjusted for community, grade, race/ethnicity, gender, television in the bedroom, screen time, and physical activity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In adjusted models, students who reported sleeping < 10 hours/day consumed soda more frequently (β = 0.11, 95% CI: 0.03, 0.20) and vegetables less frequently (β = -0.09, 95% CI: -0.18, -0.01) compared with students who reported ≥ 10 hours/day. No significant associations were observed between sleep duration and fruits, 100% juice, juice drinks or water.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this population, insufficient sleep duration was associated with more frequent soda and less frequent vegetable consumption. Longitudinal research is needed to further examine these relationships.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA. Electronic address: rnf726@mail.harvard.edu.
authors.forename: Rebecca L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Franckle
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Falbe
authors.affiliation: Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Prevention Research Center, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Steven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gortmaker
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ganter
authors.affiliation: Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Elsie M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Taveras
authors.affiliation: Massachusetts Department of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Land
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Kirsten K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Davison
mesh_terms: D001628:Beverages / Q000145:classification / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002253:Carbonated Beverages / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D002648:Child; D004032:Diet / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D004034:Diet Surveys; D060766:Drinking Water; D005260:Female; D005638:Fruit; D000067030:Fruit and Vegetable Juices / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008404:Massachusetts / Q000453:epidemiology; D009043:Motor Activity; D063766:Pediatric Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D015995:Prevalence; D057566:Self Report; D012890:Sleep / Q000502:physiology*; D012892:Sleep Deprivation / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D013690:Television / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D013997:Time Factors; D014675:Vegetables
chemical_list: D060766:Drinking Water
keywords: Child; Diet; Obesity; Sleep