title: In Vitro Assessment of Interaction Between Amino Acids and Copper in Neonatal Parenteral Nutrition.
abstract: The repeated blackening of in-line filters has been observed during the infusion of parenteral nutrition 2-in-1 mixtures (binary parenteral nutrition [BPN]) delivered in a neonatal intensive care unit. This study aimed to examine the elemental content of precipitates isolated from infused BPN bags and determine the main physicochemical interactions occurring in these bags.
  
  
  
  The infusion of BPN mixtures was simulated in vitro following hospital practices. Filter membranes were examined by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersion spectroscopy (EDS). Amino acid (AA) profiles were obtained from BPN mixtures to determine the concentrations of each AA.
  
  
  
  Analyzed filter membranes revealed conglomerates of particles on filter surfaces. An EDS analysis generated spectra from isolated particles, identifying copper and sulfur as the major chemical elements. AA mean concentrations were relatively close to the expected value for each AA, except cysteine. Cysteine concentrations were very significantly lower than the expected values.
  
  
  
  A specific interaction was identified between 1 AA (cysteine) and a trace element (copper) in our BPN mixtures.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biopharmacy, Galenic and Hospital Pharmacy, EA GRITA, University of Lille Nord de France, Lille, France.
authors.forename: Aurélie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Foinard
authors.affiliation: Department of Biopharmacy, Galenic and Hospital Pharmacy, EA GRITA, University of Lille Nord de France, Lille, France.
authors.forename: Maxime
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Perez
authors.affiliation: Department of Biopharmacy, Galenic and Hospital Pharmacy, EA GRITA, University of Lille Nord de France, Lille, France.
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Barthélémy
authors.affiliation: Department of Biopharmacy, Galenic and Hospital Pharmacy, EA GRITA, University of Lille Nord de France, Lille, France Institute of Pharmacy, University Hospital of Lille, Lille, France.
authors.forename: Damien
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lannoy
authors.affiliation: Department of Neonatology, Jeanne de Flandre Hospital, University Hospital of Lille, Lille, France.
authors.forename: Florence
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Flamein
authors.affiliation: Department of Neonatology, Jeanne de Flandre Hospital, University Hospital of Lille, Lille, France Department of Perinatal Environment and Health, University of Lille Nord de France, Lille, France.
authors.forename: Laurent
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Storme
authors.affiliation: Department of "Unité Matériaux et Transformations," University of Lille 1, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.
authors.forename: Ahmed
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Addad
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Hormonology, Metabolism-Nutrition & Oncology, Center of Biology and Pathology, University Hospital of Lille, Lille, France.
authors.forename: Marie-Adélaïde
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Bout
authors.affiliation: Department of Biopharmacy, Galenic and Hospital Pharmacy, EA GRITA, University of Lille Nord de France, Lille, France Institute of Pharmacy, University Hospital of Lille, Lille, France bertrand.decaudin@univ-lille2.fr.
authors.forename: Bertrand
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Décaudin
authors.affiliation: Department of Biopharmacy, Galenic and Hospital Pharmacy, EA GRITA, University of Lille Nord de France, Lille, France Institute of Pharmacy, University Hospital of Lille, Lille, France.
authors.forename: Pascal
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Odou
mesh_terms: D000596:Amino Acids / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry*; D055598:Chemical Phenomena; D011232:Chemical Precipitation; D003300:Copper / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry*; D003545:Cysteine / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D005374:Filtration / Q000295:instrumentation; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007363:Intensive Care Units, Neonatal; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D010288:Parenteral Nutrition; D057947:Parenteral Nutrition Solutions / Q000737:chemistry*; D013057:Spectrum Analysis; D013455:Sulfur / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D057947:Parenteral Nutrition Solutions; D013455:Sulfur; D003300:Copper; D003545:Cysteine
keywords: amino acids; chemical precipitation; copper; cysteine; parenteral nutrition