title: Comparison of multimetric D index with keratometric, pachymetric, and posterior elevation parameters in diagnosing subclinical keratoconus in fellow eyes of asymmetric keratoconus patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the multimetric D index and other keratoconus-screening parameters in patients with clinical keratoconus in 1 eye and subclinical keratoconus in the fellow eye.
  
  
  METHODS
  Medipol University Hospital and Birinci Eye Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective case-control study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with clinical keratoconus in 1 eye and subclinical keratoconus in the fellow eye and eyes of normal subjects were evaluated with a rotating Scheimpflug imaging system (Pentacam). Parameters included anterior curve analysis, keratometry (K) values, minimum corneal thickness, pachymetric progression index, Ambrósio relational thickness, posterior elevation, back difference elevation, and D-index values. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were analyzed to evaluate the area under curve (AUC), sensitivity, and specificity of each parameter.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Forty-five patients and 67 normal subjects were evaluated. The pachymetric progression indices, posterior elevation, and the D-index measurements were statistically significantly higher whereas corneal thickness and Ambrósio relational thickness measurements were significantly lower in eyes with keratoconus or subclinical keratoconus than in eyes of normal subjects (P < .05). Using the ROC analysis, the AUC values of the mean steep K, minimum corneal thickness, pachymetric progression index minimum, Ambrósio relational thickness maximum, posterior elevation, back difference elevation, and D index to distinguish between subclinical keratoconus from control subjects were 0.52, 0.64, 0.71, 0.72, 0.71, 0.76, and 0.83, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The new multimetric D index seems to be better than other single-metric parameters in diagnosing keratoconus and subclinical keratoconus with good specificity. However, the sensitivity levels of all parameters were relatively limited in the diagnosis of subclinical keratoconus.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  No author has a financial or proprietary interest in any material or method mentioned.
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Ophthalmology (Muftuoglu), Medipol University, Birinci Eye Hospital (Orucoglu), and Istanbul Egitim Arastirma Hastanesi (Kılıc), Istanbul, the Department of Ophthalmology (Ayar), Zonguldak Bülent Ecevit University, Zonguldak, and Dunya Eye Hospital (Hurmeric), Ankara, Turkey. Electronic address: orkunm@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Orkun
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Muftuoglu
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Ophthalmology (Muftuoglu), Medipol University, Birinci Eye Hospital (Orucoglu), and Istanbul Egitim Arastirma Hastanesi (Kılıc), Istanbul, the Department of Ophthalmology (Ayar), Zonguldak Bülent Ecevit University, Zonguldak, and Dunya Eye Hospital (Hurmeric), Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Orhan
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Ayar
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Ophthalmology (Muftuoglu), Medipol University, Birinci Eye Hospital (Orucoglu), and Istanbul Egitim Arastirma Hastanesi (Kılıc), Istanbul, the Department of Ophthalmology (Ayar), Zonguldak Bülent Ecevit University, Zonguldak, and Dunya Eye Hospital (Hurmeric), Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Volkan
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Hurmeric
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Ophthalmology (Muftuoglu), Medipol University, Birinci Eye Hospital (Orucoglu), and Istanbul Egitim Arastirma Hastanesi (Kılıc), Istanbul, the Department of Ophthalmology (Ayar), Zonguldak Bülent Ecevit University, Zonguldak, and Dunya Eye Hospital (Hurmeric), Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Faik
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Orucoglu
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Ophthalmology (Muftuoglu), Medipol University, Birinci Eye Hospital (Orucoglu), and Istanbul Egitim Arastirma Hastanesi (Kılıc), Istanbul, the Department of Ophthalmology (Ayar), Zonguldak Bülent Ecevit University, Zonguldak, and Dunya Eye Hospital (Hurmeric), Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ilkay
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kılıc
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D019540:Area Under Curve; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003315:Cornea / Q000473:pathology*; D063171:Corneal Pachymetry / Q000379:methods*; D019781:Corneal Topography / Q000379:methods*; D003952:Diagnostic Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007640:Keratoconus / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012372:ROC Curve; D012029:Refraction, Ocular / Q000502:physiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D055815:Young Adult