title: Review of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in the diabetic patient.
abstract: This article reviews the known pathophysiological mechanisms of comorbid gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in the diabetic patient, discusses therapeutic options in care, and provides an approach to its evaluation and management. We searched for review articles published in the past 10 years through a PubMed search using the filters diabetes mellitus, GERD, pathophysiology, and management. The search only yielded a handful of articles, so we independently included relevant studies from these review articles along with related citations as suggested by PubMed. We found diabetic patients are more prone to developing GERD and may present with atypical manifestations. A number of mechanisms have been proposed to elucidate the connection between these two diseases. Studies involving treatment options for comorbid disease suggest conflicting drug-drug interactions. Currently, there are no published guidelines specifically for the evaluation and management of GERD in the diabetic patient. Although there are several proposed mechanisms for the higher prevalence of GERD in the diabetic patient, this complex interrelationship requires further research. Understanding the pathophysiology will help direct diagnostic evaluation. In our review, we propose a management algorithm for GERD in the diabetic patient.
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Rutgers, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA.
authors.forename: Paawan
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Punjabi
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Rutgers, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA.
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hira
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Rutgers, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA.
authors.forename: Shanti
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Prasad
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Rutgers, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA.
authors.forename: Xiangbing
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Rutgers, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA.
authors.forename: Sita
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chokhavatia
mesh_terms: D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005764:Gastroesophageal Reflux / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans
keywords: GERD management; GERD pathophysiology; diabetes; gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD); 关键词：糖尿病，胃食管返流疾病（GERD），GERD治疗，GERD病理生理学