title: No contribution of the ABCB11 p.444A polymorphism in Japanese patients with drug-induced cholestasis.
abstract: European studies have revealed that the ABCB11 c.1331T>C (V444A) polymorphism (rs2287622) C-allele frequency is higher among patients with drug-induced cholestasis. Given the low incidence of this disease, however, this association has not been sufficiently elucidated. We aimed to investigate the significance of this polymorphism in Japanese patients. We determined ABCB11 V444A polymorphism frequencies and HLA genotypes in two independent drug-induced cholestasis cohorts. Expression and taurocholate transport activity of proteins from 444A variants were analyzed using Madin-Darby canine kidney II cells. In cohort 1 (n = 40), the V444A polymorphism C-allele frequency (66%) was lower than that in controls (n = 190, 78%), but this difference was not significant (P = 0.09). In cohort 2 (n = 119), comprising patients with cholestatic (n = 19), hepatocellular (n = 74), and mixed (n = 26) liver injuries, the C-allele frequency was lower among patients with cholestatic liver injury (68%) than among those with hepatocellular (75%) or mixed liver injury (83%), although this difference was not significant. In cohort 1, HLA-A*0201 was observed more frequently in patients (22%) than in controls [11%; P = 0.003; odds ratio, 2.4 (95% confidence interval, 1.4-4.0)]. Taurocholate transport activity of 444A-encoded protein was significantly lower than that of 444V-encoded protein (81% of 444V, P < 0.05) because of the reduced protein stability. In conclusion, ABCB11 444A had slightly reduced transport activity, but it did not contribute to the occurrence of drug-induced cholestasis in Japanese patients. Therefore, genetic susceptibility to acquired cholestasis may differ considerably by ethnicity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology (T.K., S.H., Y.A., K.A., K.T., K.S., R.O., S.I., T.M.), Department of Molecular Life Science, Division of Basic Medical Science and Molecular Medicine (H.I.), and Institute of Medical Science (A.O.), Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan; Department of Gastroenterology, Internal Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan (T.N.); Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan (K.T., R.H., S.M.); Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (H.E., H.S.); Department of Gastroenterology, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, Urayasu, Japan (T.K.); International University of Health and Welfare, Research Centre of Clinical Medicine, Sanno Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (Y.H.); Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan (C.O.); Ikegami General Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (M.W.); Division of Medicinal Safety Science, National Institutes of Health Sciences, Tokyo, Japan (M.T., Y.S., K.M.); and Department of Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (H.T.) kagawa@tokai.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Tatehiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kagawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology (T.K., S.H., Y.A., K.A., K.T., K.S., R.O., S.I., T.M.), Department of Molecular Life Science, Division of Basic Medical Science and Molecular Medicine (H.I.), and Institute of Medical Science (A.O.), Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan; Department of Gastroenterology, Internal Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan (T.N.); Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan (K.T., R.H., S.M.); Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (H.E., H.S.); Department of Gastroenterology, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, Urayasu, Japan (T.K.); International University of Health and Welfare, Research Centre of Clinical Medicine, Sanno Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (Y.H.); Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan (C.O.); Ikegami General Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (M.W.); Division of Medicinal Safety Science, National Institutes of Health Sciences, Tokyo, Japan (M.T., Y.S., K.M.); and Department of Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (H.T.).
authors.forename: Shunji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hirose
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology (T.K., S.H., Y.A., K.A., K.T., K.S., R.O., S.I., T.M.), Department of Molecular Life Science, Division of Basic Medical Science and Molecular Medicine (H.I.), and Institute of Medical Science (A.O.), Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan; Department of Gastroenterology, Internal Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan (T.N.); Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan (K.T., R.H., S.M.); Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (H.E., H.S.); Department of Gastroenterology, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, Urayasu, Japan (T.K.); International University of Health and Welfare, Research Centre of Clinical Medicine, Sanno Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (Y.H.); Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan (C.O.); Ikegami General Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (M.W.); Division of Medicinal Safety Science, National Institutes of Health Sciences, Tokyo, Japan (M.T., Y.S., K.M.); and Department of Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (H.T.).
authors.forename: Yoshitaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Arase
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology (T.K., S.H., Y.A., K.A., K.T., K.S., R.O., S.I., T.M.), Department of Molecular Life Science, Division of Basic Medical Science and Molecular Medicine (H.I.), and Institute of Medical Science (A.O.), Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan; Department of Gastroenterology, Internal Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan (T.N.); Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan (K.T., R.H., S.M.); Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (H.E., H.S.); Department of Gastroenterology, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, Urayasu, Japan (T.K.); International University of Health and Welfare, Research Centre of Clinical Medicine, Sanno Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (Y.H.); Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan (C.O.); Ikegami General Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (M.W.); Division of Medicinal Safety Science, National Institutes of Health Sciences, Tokyo, Japan (M.T., Y.S., K.M.); and Department of Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (H.T.).
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Oka
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology (T.K., S.H., Y.A., K.A., K.T., K.S., R.O., S.I., T.M.), Department of Molecular Life Science, Division of Basic Medical Science and Molecular Medicine (H.I.), and Institute of Medical Science (A.O.), Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan; Department of Gastroenterology, Internal Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan (T.N.); Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan (K.T., R.H., S.M.); Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (H.E., H.S.); Department of Gastroenterology, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, Urayasu, Japan (T.K.); International University of Health and Welfare, Research Centre of Clinical Medicine, Sanno Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (Y.H.); Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan (C.O.); Ikegami General Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (M.W.); Division of Medicinal Safety Science, National Institutes of Health Sciences, Tokyo, Japan (M.T., Y.S., K.M.); and Department of Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (H.T.).
authors.forename: Kazuya
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Anzai
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology (T.K., S.H., Y.A., K.A., K.T., K.S., R.O., S.I., T.M.), Department of Molecular Life Science, Division of Basic Medical Science and Molecular Medicine (H.I.), and Institute of Medical Science (A.O.), Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan; Department of Gastroenterology, Internal Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan (T.N.); Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan (K.T., R.H., S.M.); Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (H.E., H.S.); Department of Gastroenterology, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, Urayasu, Japan (T.K.); International University of Health and Welfare, Research Centre of Clinical Medicine, Sanno Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (Y.H.); Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan (C.O.); Ikegami General Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (M.W.); Division of Medicinal Safety Science, National Institutes of Health Sciences, Tokyo, Japan (M.T., Y.S., K.M.); and Department of Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (H.T.).
authors.forename: Kota
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tsuruya
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology (T.K., S.H., Y.A., K.A., K.T., K.S., R.O., S.I., T.M.), Department of Molecular Life Science, Division of Basic Medical Science and Molecular Medicine (H.I.), and Institute of Medical Science (A.O.), Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan; Department of Gastroenterology, Internal Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan (T.N.); Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan (K.T., R.H., S.M.); Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (H.E., H.S.); Department of Gastroenterology, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, Urayasu, Japan (T.K.); International University of Health and Welfare, Research Centre of Clinical Medicine, Sanno Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (Y.H.); Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan (C.O.); Ikegami General Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (M.W.); Division of Medicinal Safety Science, National Institutes of Health Sciences, Tokyo, Japan (M.T., Y.S., K.M.); and Department of Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (H.T.).
authors.forename: Koichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shiraishi
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology (T.K., S.H., Y.A., K.A., K.T., K.S., R.O., S.I., T.M.), Department of Molecular Life Science, Division of Basic Medical Science and Molecular Medicine (H.I.), and Institute of Medical Science (A.O.), Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan; Department of Gastroenterology, Internal Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan (T.N.); Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan (K.T., R.H., S.M.); Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (H.E., H.S.); Department of Gastroenterology, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, Urayasu, Japan (T.K.); International University of Health and Welfare, Research Centre of Clinical Medicine, Sanno Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (Y.H.); Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan (C.O.); Ikegami General Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (M.W.); Division of Medicinal Safety Science, National Institutes of Health Sciences, Tokyo, Japan (M.T., Y.S., K.M.); and Department of Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (H.T.).
authors.forename: Reiko
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Orii
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology (T.K., S.H., Y.A., K.A., K.T., K.S., R.O., S.I., T.M.), Department of Molecular Life Science, Division of Basic Medical Science and Molecular Medicine (H.I.), and Institute of Medical Science (A.O.), Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan; Department of Gastroenterology, Internal Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan (T.N.); Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan (K.T., R.H., S.M.); Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (H.E., H.S.); Department of Gastroenterology, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, Urayasu, Japan (T.K.); International University of Health and Welfare, Research Centre of Clinical Medicine, Sanno Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (Y.H.); Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan (C.O.); Ikegami General Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (M.W.); Division of Medicinal Safety Science, National Institutes of Health Sciences, Tokyo, Japan (M.T., Y.S., K.M.); and Department of Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (H.T.).
authors.forename: Satsuki
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ieda
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology (T.K., S.H., Y.A., K.A., K.T., K.S., R.O., S.I., T.M.), Department of Molecular Life Science, Division of Basic Medical Science and Molecular Medicine (H.I.), and Institute of Medical Science (A.O.), Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan; Department of Gastroenterology, Internal Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan (T.N.); Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan (K.T., R.H., S.M.); Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (H.E., H.S.); Department of Gastroenterology, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, Urayasu, Japan (T.K.); International University of Health and Welfare, Research Centre of Clinical Medicine, Sanno Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (Y.H.); Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan (C.O.); Ikegami General Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (M.W.); Division of Medicinal Safety Science, National Institutes of Health Sciences, Tokyo, Japan (M.T., Y.S., K.M.); and Department of Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (H.T.).
authors.forename: Takahide
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakazawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology (T.K., S.H., Y.A., K.A., K.T., K.S., R.O., S.I., T.M.), Department of Molecular Life Science, Division of Basic Medical Science and Molecular Medicine (H.I.), and Institute of Medical Science (A.O.), Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan; Department of Gastroenterology, Internal Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan (T.N.); Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan (K.T., R.H., S.M.); Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (H.E., H.S.); Department of Gastroenterology, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, Urayasu, Japan (T.K.); International University of Health and Welfare, Research Centre of Clinical Medicine, Sanno Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (Y.H.); Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan (C.O.); Ikegami General Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (M.W.); Division of Medicinal Safety Science, National Institutes of Health Sciences, Tokyo, Japan (M.T., Y.S., K.M.); and Department of Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (H.T.).
authors.forename: Kengo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tomita
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology (T.K., S.H., Y.A., K.A., K.T., K.S., R.O., S.I., T.M.), Department of Molecular Life Science, Division of Basic Medical Science and Molecular Medicine (H.I.), and Institute of Medical Science (A.O.), Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan; Department of Gastroenterology, Internal Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan (T.N.); Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan (K.T., R.H., S.M.); Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (H.E., H.S.); Department of Gastroenterology, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, Urayasu, Japan (T.K.); International University of Health and Welfare, Research Centre of Clinical Medicine, Sanno Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (Y.H.); Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan (C.O.); Ikegami General Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (M.W.); Division of Medicinal Safety Science, National Institutes of Health Sciences, Tokyo, Japan (M.T., Y.S., K.M.); and Department of Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (H.T.).
authors.forename: Ryota
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hokari
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology (T.K., S.H., Y.A., K.A., K.T., K.S., R.O., S.I., T.M.), Department of Molecular Life Science, Division of Basic Medical Science and Molecular Medicine (H.I.), and Institute of Medical Science (A.O.), Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan; Department of Gastroenterology, Internal Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan (T.N.); Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan (K.T., R.H., S.M.); Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (H.E., H.S.); Department of Gastroenterology, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, Urayasu, Japan (T.K.); International University of Health and Welfare, Research Centre of Clinical Medicine, Sanno Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (Y.H.); Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan (C.O.); Ikegami General Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (M.W.); Division of Medicinal Safety Science, National Institutes of Health Sciences, Tokyo, Japan (M.T., Y.S., K.M.); and Department of Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (H.T.).
authors.forename: Soichiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Miura
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology (T.K., S.H., Y.A., K.A., K.T., K.S., R.O., S.I., T.M.), Department of Molecular Life Science, Division of Basic Medical Science and Molecular Medicine (H.I.), and Institute of Medical Science (A.O.), Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan; Department of Gastroenterology, Internal Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan (T.N.); Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan (K.T., R.H., S.M.); Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (H.E., H.S.); Department of Gastroenterology, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, Urayasu, Japan (T.K.); International University of Health and Welfare, Research Centre of Clinical Medicine, Sanno Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (Y.H.); Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan (C.O.); Ikegami General Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (M.W.); Division of Medicinal Safety Science, National Institutes of Health Sciences, Tokyo, Japan (M.T., Y.S., K.M.); and Department of Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (H.T.).
authors.forename: Hirotoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ebinuma
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology (T.K., S.H., Y.A., K.A., K.T., K.S., R.O., S.I., T.M.), Department of Molecular Life Science, Division of Basic Medical Science and Molecular Medicine (H.I.), and Institute of Medical Science (A.O.), Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan; Department of Gastroenterology, Internal Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan (T.N.); Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan (K.T., R.H., S.M.); Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (H.E., H.S.); Department of Gastroenterology, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, Urayasu, Japan (T.K.); International University of Health and Welfare, Research Centre of Clinical Medicine, Sanno Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (Y.H.); Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan (C.O.); Ikegami General Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (M.W.); Division of Medicinal Safety Science, National Institutes of Health Sciences, Tokyo, Japan (M.T., Y.S., K.M.); and Department of Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (H.T.).
authors.forename: Hidetsugu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology (T.K., S.H., Y.A., K.A., K.T., K.S., R.O., S.I., T.M.), Department of Molecular Life Science, Division of Basic Medical Science and Molecular Medicine (H.I.), and Institute of Medical Science (A.O.), Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan; Department of Gastroenterology, Internal Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan (T.N.); Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan (K.T., R.H., S.M.); Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (H.E., H.S.); Department of Gastroenterology, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, Urayasu, Japan (T.K.); International University of Health and Welfare, Research Centre of Clinical Medicine, Sanno Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (Y.H.); Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan (C.O.); Ikegami General Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (M.W.); Division of Medicinal Safety Science, National Institutes of Health Sciences, Tokyo, Japan (M.T., Y.S., K.M.); and Department of Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (H.T.).
authors.forename: Tsuneo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kitamura
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology (T.K., S.H., Y.A., K.A., K.T., K.S., R.O., S.I., T.M.), Department of Molecular Life Science, Division of Basic Medical Science and Molecular Medicine (H.I.), and Institute of Medical Science (A.O.), Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan; Department of Gastroenterology, Internal Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan (T.N.); Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan (K.T., R.H., S.M.); Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (H.E., H.S.); Department of Gastroenterology, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, Urayasu, Japan (T.K.); International University of Health and Welfare, Research Centre of Clinical Medicine, Sanno Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (Y.H.); Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan (C.O.); Ikegami General Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (M.W.); Division of Medicinal Safety Science, National Institutes of Health Sciences, Tokyo, Japan (M.T., Y.S., K.M.); and Department of Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (H.T.).
authors.forename: Yoshinori
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Horie
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology (T.K., S.H., Y.A., K.A., K.T., K.S., R.O., S.I., T.M.), Department of Molecular Life Science, Division of Basic Medical Science and Molecular Medicine (H.I.), and Institute of Medical Science (A.O.), Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan; Department of Gastroenterology, Internal Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan (T.N.); Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan (K.T., R.H., S.M.); Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (H.E., H.S.); Department of Gastroenterology, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, Urayasu, Japan (T.K.); International University of Health and Welfare, Research Centre of Clinical Medicine, Sanno Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (Y.H.); Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan (C.O.); Ikegami General Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (M.W.); Division of Medicinal Safety Science, National Institutes of Health Sciences, Tokyo, Japan (M.T., Y.S., K.M.); and Department of Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (H.T.).
authors.forename: Chiaki
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Okuse
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology (T.K., S.H., Y.A., K.A., K.T., K.S., R.O., S.I., T.M.), Department of Molecular Life Science, Division of Basic Medical Science and Molecular Medicine (H.I.), and Institute of Medical Science (A.O.), Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan; Department of Gastroenterology, Internal Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan (T.N.); Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan (K.T., R.H., S.M.); Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (H.E., H.S.); Department of Gastroenterology, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, Urayasu, Japan (T.K.); International University of Health and Welfare, Research Centre of Clinical Medicine, Sanno Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (Y.H.); Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan (C.O.); Ikegami General Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (M.W.); Division of Medicinal Safety Science, National Institutes of Health Sciences, Tokyo, Japan (M.T., Y.S., K.M.); and Department of Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (H.T.).
authors.forename: Mitsuru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wasada
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology (T.K., S.H., Y.A., K.A., K.T., K.S., R.O., S.I., T.M.), Department of Molecular Life Science, Division of Basic Medical Science and Molecular Medicine (H.I.), and Institute of Medical Science (A.O.), Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan; Department of Gastroenterology, Internal Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan (T.N.); Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan (K.T., R.H., S.M.); Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (H.E., H.S.); Department of Gastroenterology, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, Urayasu, Japan (T.K.); International University of Health and Welfare, Research Centre of Clinical Medicine, Sanno Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (Y.H.); Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan (C.O.); Ikegami General Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (M.W.); Division of Medicinal Safety Science, National Institutes of Health Sciences, Tokyo, Japan (M.T., Y.S., K.M.); and Department of Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (H.T.).
authors.forename: Hidetoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Inoko
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology (T.K., S.H., Y.A., K.A., K.T., K.S., R.O., S.I., T.M.), Department of Molecular Life Science, Division of Basic Medical Science and Molecular Medicine (H.I.), and Institute of Medical Science (A.O.), Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan; Department of Gastroenterology, Internal Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan (T.N.); Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan (K.T., R.H., S.M.); Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (H.E., H.S.); Department of Gastroenterology, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, Urayasu, Japan (T.K.); International University of Health and Welfare, Research Centre of Clinical Medicine, Sanno Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (Y.H.); Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan (C.O.); Ikegami General Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (M.W.); Division of Medicinal Safety Science, National Institutes of Health Sciences, Tokyo, Japan (M.T., Y.S., K.M.); and Department of Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (H.T.).
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tohkin
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology (T.K., S.H., Y.A., K.A., K.T., K.S., R.O., S.I., T.M.), Department of Molecular Life Science, Division of Basic Medical Science and Molecular Medicine (H.I.), and Institute of Medical Science (A.O.), Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan; Department of Gastroenterology, Internal Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan (T.N.); Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan (K.T., R.H., S.M.); Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (H.E., H.S.); Department of Gastroenterology, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, Urayasu, Japan (T.K.); International University of Health and Welfare, Research Centre of Clinical Medicine, Sanno Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (Y.H.); Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan (C.O.); Ikegami General Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (M.W.); Division of Medicinal Safety Science, National Institutes of Health Sciences, Tokyo, Japan (M.T., Y.S., K.M.); and Department of Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (H.T.).
authors.forename: Yoshiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology (T.K., S.H., Y.A., K.A., K.T., K.S., R.O., S.I., T.M.), Department of Molecular Life Science, Division of Basic Medical Science and Molecular Medicine (H.I.), and Institute of Medical Science (A.O.), Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan; Department of Gastroenterology, Internal Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan (T.N.); Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan (K.T., R.H., S.M.); Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (H.E., H.S.); Department of Gastroenterology, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, Urayasu, Japan (T.K.); International University of Health and Welfare, Research Centre of Clinical Medicine, Sanno Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (Y.H.); Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan (C.O.); Ikegami General Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (M.W.); Division of Medicinal Safety Science, National Institutes of Health Sciences, Tokyo, Japan (M.T., Y.S., K.M.); and Department of Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (H.T.).
authors.forename: Keiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Maekawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology (T.K., S.H., Y.A., K.A., K.T., K.S., R.O., S.I., T.M.), Department of Molecular Life Science, Division of Basic Medical Science and Molecular Medicine (H.I.), and Institute of Medical Science (A.O.), Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan; Department of Gastroenterology, Internal Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan (T.N.); Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan (K.T., R.H., S.M.); Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (H.E., H.S.); Department of Gastroenterology, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, Urayasu, Japan (T.K.); International University of Health and Welfare, Research Centre of Clinical Medicine, Sanno Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (Y.H.); Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan (C.O.); Ikegami General Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (M.W.); Division of Medicinal Safety Science, National Institutes of Health Sciences, Tokyo, Japan (M.T., Y.S., K.M.); and Department of Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (H.T.).
authors.forename: Hajime
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Takikawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology (T.K., S.H., Y.A., K.A., K.T., K.S., R.O., S.I., T.M.), Department of Molecular Life Science, Division of Basic Medical Science and Molecular Medicine (H.I.), and Institute of Medical Science (A.O.), Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan; Department of Gastroenterology, Internal Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan (T.N.); Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan (K.T., R.H., S.M.); Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (H.E., H.S.); Department of Gastroenterology, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, Urayasu, Japan (T.K.); International University of Health and Welfare, Research Centre of Clinical Medicine, Sanno Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (Y.H.); Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan (C.O.); Ikegami General Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (M.W.); Division of Medicinal Safety Science, National Institutes of Health Sciences, Tokyo, Japan (M.T., Y.S., K.M.); and Department of Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (H.T.).
authors.forename: Tetsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mine
mesh_terms: D000074020:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 11; D018528:ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters / Q000235:genetics*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000818:Animals; D044466:Asian People / Q000235:genetics*; D002460:Cell Line; D002779:Cholestasis / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000235:genetics*; D004285:Dogs; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency / Q000235:genetics; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease / Q000235:genetics*; D005838:Genotype; D015789:HLA-A2 Antigen / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D061985:Madin Darby Canine Kidney Cells; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide / Q000235:genetics*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: C093491:ABCB11 protein, human; D000074020:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 11; D018528:ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters; C435939:HLA-A*02:01 antigen; D015789:HLA-A2 Antigen