title: Comparison of the effect of root canal preparation by using WaveOne and ProTaper on postoperative pain: a randomized clinical trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  WaveOne is a single-file reciprocating instrumentation system with the benefits of M-Wire alloy that has increased flexibility and improved resistance to cyclic fatigue over the conventional alloy. Root canal preparation techniques may cause postoperative pain. The goal of the present study was to compare the intensity and duration of postoperative pain when using WaveOne or ProTaper Universal systems for instrumentation of root canals.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-two patients who fulfilled specific inclusion criteria were assigned to 2 groups according to the root canal instrumentation technique used, WaveOne or ProTaper Universal. Root canal treatment was carried out in 2 appointments, and the severity of postoperative pain was assessed by numerical rating scale (NRS) score after each session until complete pain relief was achieved. Analgesic consumption, duration of pain, and root canal preparation time were also recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean NRS score and duration of pain after both appointments were significantly higher in the WaveOne group (P < .05); however, the mean analgesic consumption was only significantly higher in the WaveOne group after the first appointment (P < .05). In all groups the highest mean NRS score was seen 6 hours after each therapeutic appointment. Canal preparation time was significantly shorter in the WaveOne group (P < .001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Postoperative pain was significantly lower in patients undergoing canal instrumentation with ProTaper Universal rotary instruments compared with the WaveOne reciprocating single-file technique.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Endodontology Research Group, School of Dentistry, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Mohammad H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Nekoofar
authors.affiliation: Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Electronic address: sheykh_r@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Mohammad S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Sheykhrezae
authors.affiliation: Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.
authors.forename: Naghmeh
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Meraji
authors.affiliation: Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Azad
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jamee
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medical Education, Shahid Beheshty University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Armin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shirvani
authors.affiliation: Payam-Noor University, Tabriz, Iran.
authors.forename: Javid
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jamee
authors.affiliation: Endodontology Research Group, School of Dentistry, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Paul M H
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Dummer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000517:prevention & control*; D018915:Root Canal Preparation / Q000295:instrumentation*
keywords: Postoperative pain; ProTaper; WaveOne