title: Linear relation between spirometric volume and the motion of cardiac structures: MRI and clinical PET study.
abstract: In cardiac PET, CT, and MRI respiration is major reason for impaired image quality of small targets such as coronary arteries. Strong correlations between heart motion and respiratory signals have been detected but quantitative relation between signals and motion of cardiac structures in MRI or PET is not reported .
  
  
  
  Relation between spirometric lung volume or pressure belt signal and motion of coronary vessels in MRI was studied on nine healthy volunteers. Spirometry was further applied to (18)F-FDG cardiac PET study to determine quantitative relation between volume change and motion of center of myocardium activity (CMA) on nine CAD patients.
  
  
  
  Correlation coefficients (CC) between vessel motions and volume or pressure changes were 0.90-0.92 or 0.86-0.84, respectively. The linear equations based on volume or pressure changes derived 2.0-2.6 or 2.9-3.3 mm mean estimation error for vessel motions. In PET CC value of 0.93 was determined between volume changes and CMA motions. The linear equation based on volume change derived maximum estimation error of 2.5 mm for CMA motion.
  
  
  
  The spirometric volume change linearly estimates motion of myocardium in PET with good accuracy and have potential to guide selection of optimal number of respiratory gates in cardiac PET.
authors.affiliation: Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, PO BOX 52, 20521, Turku, Finland. toolko@utu.fi.|Department of Clinical Physiology and Radioisotope Imaging, Turku University Hospital, 20521, Turku, Finland. toolko@utu.fi.
authors.forename: Tommi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kokki
authors.affiliation: Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, PO BOX 52, 20521, Turku, Finland.|Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Turku, 20014, Turku, Finland.
authors.forename: Riku
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Klén
authors.affiliation: Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, PO BOX 52, 20521, Turku, Finland.
authors.forename: Tommi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Noponen
authors.affiliation: Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, PO BOX 52, 20521, Turku, Finland.|Department of Clinical Physiology and Radioisotope Imaging, Turku University Hospital, 20521, Turku, Finland.
authors.forename: Jussi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pärkkä
authors.affiliation: Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, PO BOX 52, 20521, Turku, Finland.
authors.forename: Virva
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Saunavaara
authors.affiliation: Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, PO BOX 52, 20521, Turku, Finland.
authors.forename: Erika
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hoppela
authors.affiliation: Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, PO BOX 52, 20521, Turku, Finland.
authors.forename: Mika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Teräs
authors.affiliation: Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, PO BOX 52, 20521, Turku, Finland.
authors.forename: Juhani
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Knuuti
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016477:Artifacts; D062485:Breath Holding; D057791:Cardiac Imaging Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D003198:Computer Simulation; D003331:Coronary Vessels / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008955:Models, Cardiovascular; D009038:Motion; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D055425:Respiratory-Gated Imaging Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013147:Spirometry / Q000379:methods*
keywords: Cardiac; MRI; PET; motion; respiration