title: Analysis of Post-Liver Transplant Hepatitis C Virus Recurrence Using Serial Cluster of Differentiation Antibody Microarrays.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hepatitis C virus (HCV) reinfection of the liver allograft after transplantation is universal, with some individuals suffering severe disease recurrence. Predictive markers of recurrent disease severity are urgently needed. In this study, we used a cluster of differentiation (CD) microarray to predict the severity of HCV recurrence after transplantation.
  
  
  METHODS
  The CD antibody microarray assays of live leukocytes were performed on peripheral blood taken in the first year after transplantation. The results were grouped into phases defined as; Pre-transplant (day 0), Early (day 3 to week 2), Mid (week 4 to week 10), and Late (week 12 to week 26). Hepatitis C virus severity was based on fibrosis stages in the first 2 years (F0-1 mild and F2-4 severe).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Serial blood samples from 16 patients were taken before and after liver transplantation. A total of 98 assays were performed. Follow-up was 3 years or longer. Comparing recurrence severity, significantly greater numbers of CD antigens were differentially expressed on the pretransplant samples compared to any posttransplant timepoints. Five differentially expressed CD antigens before transplantation (CD27 PH, CD182, CD260, CD41, and CD34) were significantly expressed comparing severe to mild recurrence, whereas expression of only CD152 was significant in the late phase after transplantation. No relationship was observed between the donor or recipient interleukin-28B genotypes and HCV recurrence severity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study shows that circulating leukocyte CD antigen expression has utility in assessing recurrent HCV disease severity after liver transplantation and serves as a proof of principle. Importantly, pretransplant CD antigen expression is most predictive of disease outcome.
authors.affiliation: 1 A.W. Morrow Gastroenterology and Liver Centre, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW, Australia. 2 Centenary Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia. 3 Medsaic Pty Ltd, Suite 145, Level 1, National Innovation Centre, Australian Technology Park, Garden Street, Eveleigh, Australia. 4 School of Molecular and Microbial Biosciences, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia. 5 Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Melbourne, Australia. 6 Collaborative Transplantation Research Group, Bosch Institute, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia. 7 School of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia.
authors.forename: Wassim
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Rahman
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tu
authors.forename: Magdalena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Budzinska
authors.forename: Pauline
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Larissa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Belov
authors.forename: Jeremy S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Chrisp
authors.forename: Richard I
authors.initials: RI
authors.lastname: Christopherson
authors.forename: Fiona J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Warner
authors.forename: D Scott
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Bowden
authors.forename: Alexander J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Thompson
authors.forename: David G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Bowen
authors.forename: Simone I
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Strasser
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Koorey
authors.forename: Alexandra F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Sharland
authors.forename: Jean Y H
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Geoffrey W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: McCaughan
authors.forename: Nicholas A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Shackel
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000097:blood*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D058625:End Stage Liver Disease / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery* / Q000821:virology; D005260:Female; D016174:Hepacivirus / Q000276:immunology*; D006526:Hepatitis C / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D008103:Liver Cirrhosis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology; D016031:Liver Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D040081:Protein Array Analysis; D012008:Recurrence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D015415:Biomarkers