title: A Case of Mistaken Identity? A Comparison of Professional and Amateur Problem Gamblers.
abstract: Professional gamblers are more likely than amateur gamblers to meet criteria for problem gambling but minimal research has examined their gambling behavior and its consequences. This study compared gambling behavior, problem gambling symptoms, related harms, recognition, and help-seeking among problem semi/professional gamblers (PPGs/PSPGs) and problem amateur gamblers (PAGs). Surveys completed by 57 self-identified professional gamblers, 311 semi-professional gamblers and 4226 amateur gamblers were analysed. PPGs/PSPGs were significantly more likely than PAGs to be male, younger, never married, speak a language other than English at home, and have higher psychological distress, compared to PAGs. PPGs/PSPGs were more likely to gamble more frequently on many skills-based forms, but most also participated in several chance-based forms. PPGs'/PSPGs' most common problematic gambling form was electronic gaming machines and they were more likely to have problems with sports betting than PAGs. Most PPGs/PSPGs reported coming out behind on all gambling forms over the previous year. PPGs/PSPGs were more likely than PAGs to report chasing losses and numerous detrimental financial gambling consequences. This group's self-identification as PPGs/PSPGs is clearly inaccurate and perhaps a means to avoid stigma, elevate status and support problem denial. PPGs/PSPGs may represent an extreme example of gamblers with erroneous cognitions and beliefs who lack the required discipline and skill to be successful professional gamblers. The findings identify a group of problem gamblers who may benefit from interventions to dispel their mistaken self-identity, and emphasize the need for more rigorous confirmation of professional gambler status in future research.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Gambling Education and Research, Southern Cross University, PO Box 157, Lismore, NSW, Australia. nerilee.hing@scu.edu.au.
authors.forename: Nerilee
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hing
authors.affiliation: Centre for Gambling Education and Research, Southern Cross University, PO Box 157, Lismore, NSW, Australia.
authors.forename: Alex M T
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Russell
authors.affiliation: Centre for Gambling Education and Research, Southern Cross University, PO Box 157, Lismore, NSW, Australia.
authors.forename: Sally M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Gainsbury
authors.affiliation: Gambling Treatment Clinic and Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
authors.forename: Alex
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Blaszczynski
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D016739:Behavior, Addictive / Q000145:classification* / Q000523:psychology*; D003071:Cognition; D005715:Gambling / Q000145:classification* / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012307:Risk Factors; D012309:Risk-Taking; D020377:Self Efficacy; D017678:Sex Distribution; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: Amateur gambler; Gambling behavior; Problem gambling; Professional gambler; Self-identity