title: A cell-based systems biology assessment of human blood to monitor immune responses after influenza vaccination.
abstract: Systems biology is an approach to comprehensively study complex interactions within a biological system. Most published systems vaccinology studies have utilized whole blood or peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) to monitor the immune response after vaccination. Because human blood is comprised of multiple hematopoietic cell types, the potential for masking responses of under-represented cell populations is increased when analyzing whole blood or PBMC. To investigate the contribution of individual cell types to the immune response after vaccination, we established a rapid and efficient method to purify human T and B cells, natural killer (NK) cells, myeloid dendritic cells (mDC), monocytes, and neutrophils from fresh venous blood. Purified cells were fractionated and processed in a single day. RNA-Seq and quantitative shotgun proteomics were performed to determine expression profiles for each cell type prior to and after inactivated seasonal influenza vaccination. Our results show that transcriptomic and proteomic profiles generated from purified immune cells differ significantly from PBMC. Differential expression analysis for each immune cell type also shows unique transcriptomic and proteomic expression profiles as well as changing biological networks at early time points after vaccination. This cell type-specific information provides a more comprehensive approach to monitor vaccine responses.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37232, United States of America.
authors.forename: Kristen L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Hoek
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37232, United States of America.
authors.forename: Parimal
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Samir
authors.affiliation: Vanderbilt Vaccine Research Program; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37232, United States of America.
authors.forename: Leigh M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Howard
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37232, United States of America.
authors.forename: Xinnan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Niu
authors.affiliation: HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, 35806, United States of America.
authors.forename: Nripesh
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Prasad
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 27232, United States of America.
authors.forename: Allison
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Galassie
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37232, United States of America.
authors.forename: Qi
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37232, United States of America.
authors.forename: Tara M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Allos
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37232, United States of America.
authors.forename: Kyle A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Floyd
authors.affiliation: Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37232, United States of America.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: Department of Cancer Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37232, United States of America.
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shyr
authors.affiliation: HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, 35806, United States of America.
authors.forename: Shawn E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Levy
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37232, United States of America.
authors.forename: Sebastian
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Joyce
authors.affiliation: Vanderbilt Vaccine Research Program; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37232, United States of America.
authors.forename: Kathryn M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Edwards
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37232, United States of America.
authors.forename: Andrew J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Link
mesh_terms: D001769:Blood / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007252:Influenza Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology*; D020543:Proteome; D012621:Seasons; D049490:Systems Biology; D059467:Transcriptome
chemical_list: D007252:Influenza Vaccines; D020543:Proteome