title: Effect of silver diamine fluoride and potassium iodide on residual bacteria in dentinal tubules.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study evaluated the antimicrobial effect of a silver diamine fluoride (SDF)/potassium iodide (KI) product (Riva Star) on the viability of intratubular bacteria.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-five dentine discs prepared from caries-free maxillary premolars were randomly divided into nine groups. Group 1 (negative control) contained non-infected sound dentine discs. The remaining discs were infected with Streptococcus mutans suspension and received dentine treatments as follows: Group 2 (positive control), discs were left untreated; Group 3 SDF/KI (Riva Star); Group 4 chlorhexidine (CHX); Group 5 CHX+SDF/KI; Group 6 Carisolv; Group 7 Carisolv+SDF/KI; Group 8 Papacarie, and Group 9 Papacarie+SDF/KI. The discs were then fractured into two halves, stained with fluorescent LIVE/DEAD stain and observed using confocal laser scanning microscopy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  SDF/KI exhibited a potent antibacterial effect, as represented by a significantly higher percentage of dead bacteria, in comparison with Carisolv and Papacarie (p<0.05). The application of SDF/KI following Carisolv and Papacarie chemomechanical caries removel gels significantly reduced the viability of intra-tubular bacteria in these groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of the silver diamine fluoride/potassium iodide product is effective in reducing the numbers of S. mutans in dentinal tubules infected with this organism.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Assistant Professor in Operative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Egypt.
authors.forename: H H
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Hamama
authors.forename: C K
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Yiu
authors.forename: M F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Burrow
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local / Q000494:pharmacology; D002710:Chlorhexidine / Q000494:pharmacology; D003804:Dentin / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D005460:Fluorides, Topical; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D007930:Leucine / Q000494:pharmacology; D008239:Lysine / Q000494:pharmacology; D050296:Microbial Viability / Q000187:drug effects; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D010206:Papain / Q000494:pharmacology; D011193:Potassium Iodide / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018030:Silver Compounds; D012973:Sodium Hypochlorite / Q000494:pharmacology; D013295:Streptococcus mutans / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local; C119934:Carisolv; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D005460:Fluorides, Topical; C509557:Papacarie; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; D018030:Silver Compounds; D011193:Potassium Iodide; D018698:Glutamic Acid; C024633:silver diamine fluoride; D012973:Sodium Hypochlorite; D010206:Papain; D007930:Leucine; D008239:Lysine; D002710:Chlorhexidine
keywords: CLSM; CMCR; Carisolv; Papacarie; Streptococcus mutans; silver diamine fluoride