title: Discrimination of producing area of Chinese Tongshan kaoliang spirit using electronic nose sensing characteristics combined with the chemometrics methods.
abstract: In the ancient history of the Yue Nation, the Chinese Tongshan kaoliang spirit (CTKS) has been one of the most popular liquor in the last 2,500 years. The most common fraudulent practice for the commercialization of CTKS is to produce and sell adulterated spirit from different geographical origins. In this study, the use of GC-flash electronic nose (EN) technique combined with chemometrics analysis has proven to provide a rapid tool for the discrimination of CTKS from different geographical origins. The discriminant models were developed by using principal component analysis (PCA), and discriminant factor analysis (DFA). In addition, the volatile organic matters of CTKS were also investigated to find out the difference between samples from varied origins and adulterated liquor. The results demonstrated that the EN technique combined with chemometrics methods could be used to fingerprinting techniques to protect the fame of the prestigious CTKS and to enable its authentication.
authors.affiliation: School of Life Sciences, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312000, China. Electronic address: mike.peng@126.com.
authors.forename: Qi
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.affiliation: School of Life Sciences, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312000, China.
authors.forename: Rungang
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.affiliation: National Center for Quality Supervision and Testing of Rice Wine, Shaoxing 312071, China.
authors.forename: Feiran
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: National Center for Quality Supervision and Testing of Rice Wine, Shaoxing 312071, China.
authors.forename: Bobin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Shaoxing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shaoxing 312071, China.
authors.forename: Hegang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gao
mesh_terms: D000434:Alcoholic Beverages / Q000032:analysis*; D002681:China; D016002:Discriminant Analysis; D062609:Electronic Nose; D025341:Principal Component Analysis
keywords: Adulterated liquor; Benzaldehyde (PubChem CID: 240); Chemo metrics methods; Electronic nose; Ethyl acetate (PubChem CID: 8857); Ethyl butyrate (PubChem CID: 7762); Ethyl caproate (PubChem CID: 31265); Ethyl lactate (PubChem CID: 7344); Ethyl linoleate (PubChem CID: 5282184); Ethyl oleate (PubChem CID: 5364430); Ethyl palmitate (PubChem CID: 12366); Furaldehyde (PubChem CID: 7362); Octanoic acid ethyl ester (PubChem CID: 7799); Tongshan kaoliang