title: Cone-Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) Hepatic Arteriography in Chemoembolization for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Performance Depicting Tumors and Tumor Feeders.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study was designed to analyze retrospectively the performance of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) hepatic arteriography in depicting tumors and their feeders and to investigate the related determining factors in chemoembolization for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty-six patients with 142 tumors satisfying the imaging diagnosis criteria of HCC were included in this study. The performance of CBCT hepatic arteriography for chemoembolization per tumor and per patient was evaluated using maximum intensity projection images alone (MIP analysis) or MIP combined with multiplanar reformation images (MIP + MPR analysis) regarding the following three aspects: tumor depiction, confidence of tumor feeder detection, and trackability of tumor feeders. Tumor size, tumor enhancement, tumor location, number of feeders, diaphragmatic motion, portal vein enhancement, and hepatic artery to parenchyma enhancement ratio were regarded as potential determining factors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Tumors were depicted in 125 (88.0 %) and 142 tumors (100 %) on MIP and MIP + MPR analysis, respectively. Imaging performances on MIP and MIP + MPR analysis were good enough to perform subsegmental chemoembolization without additional angiographic investigation in 88 (62.0 %) and 128 tumors (90.1 %) on per-tumor basis and in 43 (50 %) and 73 (84.9 %) on per-patient basis, respectively. Significant determining factors for performance in MIP + MPR analysis on per tumor basis were tumor size (p = 0.030), tumor enhancement (0.005), tumor location (p = 0.001), and diaphragmatic motion (p < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CBCT hepatic arteriography provided sufficient information for subsegmental chemoembolization by depicting tumors and their feeders in the vast majority of patients. Combined analysis of MIP and MPR images was essential to enhance the performance of CBCT hepatic arteriography.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: In Joon
authors.initials: IJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Chongno-gu, Seoul, 110-744, Republic of Korea. chungjw@snu.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Jin Wook
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Chongno-gu, Seoul, 110-744, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Yong Hu
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Chongno-gu, Seoul, 110-744, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hyo-Cheol
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Chongno-gu, Seoul, 110-744, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Young Il
authors.initials: YI
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Chongno-gu, Seoul, 110-744, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hwan Jun
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Jae
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Chongno-gu, Seoul, 110-744, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jae Hyung
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Park
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000628:therapy*; D016461:Chemoembolization, Therapeutic; D054893:Cone-Beam Computed Tomography; D005260:Female; D006499:Hepatic Artery / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011857:Radiographic Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted; D015641:Radiography, Interventional; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: C-arm CT; Chemoembolization; Cone-beam CT; Hepatic arteriography