title: ASSOCIATION OF PERIPHERAL 5-HYDROXYINDOLE-3-ACETIC ACID, A SEROTONIN DERIVATIVE, WITH METABOLIC SYNDROME AND LOW-GRADE INFLAMMATION.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The constellation of metabolic abnormalities seen in metabolic syndrome (MetS) has been linked to atherosclerosis and adverse cardiovascular outcomes due to heightened inflammation. Accumulating evidence suggests that peripheral 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid (5-HIAA), the derivative end-product of serotonin (5-HT), might be involved in the pathogenesis of obesity, and abnormal lipid and glucose metabolism. We examined the association between serum 5-HIAA concentrations and MetS and also highly sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP).
  
  
  METHODS
  We assessed 180 healthy adults (110 males and 70 females) in a cross-sectional setting. Anthropometric indices and blood pressure were measured, as were laboratory parameters including fasting 5-HIAA concentrations. The associations between 5-HIAA and individual components of MetS, as well as MetS as a single entity, were investigated with bivariate correlation and logistic regression analyses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eighty-nine individuals (49.4%) were diagnosed with MetS. Significant correlations were found between 5-HIAA concentrations and age (r = 0.184), waist circumference (r = 0.415), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (r = -0.148), systolic blood pressure (r = 0.374), diastolic blood pressure (r = 0.355), homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (r = 0.201), and hsCRP (r = 0.453) were found (P<.05 in all tests). In logistic regression, 5-HIAA was significantly associated with 4 MetS components including central obesity, raised triglycerides, raised blood pressure, and raised fasting plasma glucose (FPG) (P<.05). Moreover, 5-HIAA was a predictor of MetS as a single entity, and the relationship persisted after adjusting for hsCRP (odds ratio [OR] = 4.41, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.58-7.67, P<.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Elevated concentrations of 5-HIAA are seen in individuals with MetS. Increased 5-HIAA is also associated with hsCRP, a marker of chronic low-grade inflammation underlying MetS.
authors.forename: Mohsen
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Afarideh
authors.forename: Aram
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Behdadnia
authors.forename: Sina
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Noshad
authors.forename: Hossein
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mirmiranpour
authors.forename: Mostafa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mousavizadeh
authors.forename: Elias
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Khajeh
authors.forename: Mona Vahidi
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Rad
authors.forename: Tina
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mazaheri
authors.forename: Manouchehr
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakhjavani
authors.forename: Alireza
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Esteghamati
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006897:Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid / Q000097:blood*; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000097:blood*; D008875:Middle Aged
chemical_list: D006897:Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid; D002097:C-Reactive Protein