title: Wrestlers' immune cells produce higher interleukin-6 and lower interleukin-12 and interleukin-13 in response to in vitro mitogen activation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Although recent investigations have shown chronic inflammation and inflammation-associated diseases might be ameliorated by exercise; little is known about the relation between exercise training with anti/pro-inflammatory cytokines.
  
  
  METHODS
  This cross sectional study was conducted to compare interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, IL-13, interferon gamma (IFN-γ ) levels in serum, and their in vitro production by whole blood (WB) cells and by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in response to mitogens lipopolysaccharide and phytohemagglutinin. Twelve elite wrestlers with history of three times per week exercise training for about 9.5 years, and thirteen healthy silent controls were recruited. To analysis the cytokines by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), the blood samples were taken 24 hr after the last training session from the wrestlers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Serum analysis for IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, IL-13 and IFN-γ indicated no statistical difference between the two groups. Meanwhile, 48 hr in vitro activation of WB and PBMCs by the mitogens revealed that IL-6 production was elevated in both WB and PBMCs. Whereas, IL-12 and IL-13 were decreased in supernatant of PBMCs and WB cells cultures, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It seems that wrestling cause immune system cells to produce anti-inflammatory myokine IL-6 and decrease production of pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-12 and IL-13.
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran ; Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
authors.forename: Alireza
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zamani
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Borujerd, Iran.
authors.forename: Mostafa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Omidi
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Borujerd, Iran.
authors.forename: Ahmad
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hemmatfar
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, School of Paramedical Sciences, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
authors.forename: Iraj
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Salehi
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
authors.forename: Hassan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bazmamoun
keywords: Cytokines; Interleukins; Mitogens; PBMC; Whole blood culture; Wrestling