title: Comparing characteristics of adverse drug events between older and younger adults presenting to a Taiwan emergency department.
abstract: To compare the proportion, seriousness, preventability of adverse drug events (ADEs) between the older adults (≥ 65 years old) and younger adults (<65 years old) presenting to the emergency department (ED), we conducted a prospective observational cohort study of patients 18 years and older presenting to the ED. For all ED visits between March 1, 2009, and Feb 28, 2010, investigators identified ADEs and assessed cases using the Naranjo adverse drug reaction probability scale. Outcomes (proportion, seriousness, and preventability of ADE, length of ED stay, and hospitalization) and associated variables were measured and compared between younger and older adults. The results showed that of 58,569 ED visits, 295 older adults, and 157 younger adults were diagnosed as having an ADE and included in our analysis. The proportion of ADEs leading to ED visits in the older group, 14.3 per 1000  (295/20,628), was significantly higher than the younger group of 4.1 per 1000  (157/37,941). The older group with ADE had a longer ED stay (odds ratio [OR] 3.5, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.9-6.4 for stay ≥ 24 hours) and larger proportion of preventable ADEs (OR 2.2, 95% CI 1.4-3.6) than the younger group, but there was no significant difference in terms of serious ADEs (OR 0.6, 95% CI 0.3-1.3 for fatal and life threatening) and hospitalization (OR 1.5, 95% CI 0.9-2.6) between the 2 groups. In addition, patients in the older group were more likely to be male, to have symptoms of fatigue or altered mental status, to involve cardiovascular, renal, and respiratory systems, and to have higher Charlson comorbidity index scores, higher number of prescription medications, and higher proportion of unintentional overdose. In conclusion, the proportion of ADE-related ED visits in older adults was higher than younger adults, and many of these were preventable. The most common drug categories associated with preventable ADEs in the older adults were antithrombotic agents, antidiabetic agents, and cardiovascular agents.
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Emergency Medicine (Y-CC, H-HH, J-SF, T-FH, DH-TY, M-SH, C-YW, C-IH, C-HL), Taipei Veterans General Hospital; Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences (Y-CC), School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Rocky Mountain Poison and Drug Center (Y-CC), Denver Health, Denver, CO, USA; Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine (H-HH, J-FS, T-FS, DH-TY), School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Chin-Kang Clinic (M-HC), New Taipei; and Department of Emergency Medicine (M-SH, C-YW, C-IH, C-HL), Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yen-Chia
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Hsien-Hao
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Ju-Sing
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.forename: Min-Hui
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Teh-Fu
authors.initials: TF
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.forename: David Hung-Tsang
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Yen
authors.forename: Mu-Shung
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Chien-Ying
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Chun-I
authors.initials: CI
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Chen-Hsen
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D015897:Comorbidity; D064420:Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007902:Length of Stay; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019338:Polypharmacy; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012737:Sex Factors; D013624:Taiwan; D016896:Treatment Outcome