title: Prevalence of chronic kidney disease and associated factors in senegalese populations: a community-based study in saint-louis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an emerging worldwide epidemic but littledata concerning African populations are available.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We aimed to assess prevalence of CKD in adult populations of Saint-Louis, northern Senegal.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a population-based survey between January and May 2012, we included 1037 adults ≥ 18 years of age who resided in Saint-Louis. Socio-demographic, clinical, and biologic data were collected during household visits. Serum creatinine was measured by Jaffé method. We estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) using the four-variable Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) equation and CKD was defined by eGFR< 60 mL/min/1.73 m(2) and/or albuminuria > 1 g/L. A multivariate logistic regression was performed to identify factors associated with CKD.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean of participants' age was 47.9 ± 16.9 years (range, 18-87) and sex ratio (male to female) was 0.52. Majority of participants lived in urban areas (55.3%) and had school education (65.6%). Hypertension, diabetes, and obesity were present respectively in 39.1%, 12.7%, and 23.4% of participants. Overall CKD prevalence was 4.9% (95% CI, 3.5-6.2) with eGFR< 30 mL/min/1.73 m(2) in 0.9%. Albuminuria > 1 g/L was found in 3.5% of patients. CKD was significantly more frequent among hypertensive patients in comparison with normotensive ones. Risk factors associated with CKD were hypertension (12% of risk excess) and age (3% of risk excess).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CKD is frequent in adult population living in Northern Senegal. Main associated factors are hypertension and age. Prevention strategies are urgently needed to raise public awareness and promote early CKD detection and treatment in both urban and rural areas.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine and Nephrology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University Gaston Berger, Saint-Louis, Senegal.
authors.forename: Sidy Mohamed
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Seck
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University Gaston Berger, Saint-Louis, Senegal.
authors.forename: Dominique
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Doupa
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University Gaston Berger, Saint-Louis, Senegal.
authors.forename: Lamine
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gueye
authors.affiliation: General Medicine Outpatient Clinic, District Hospital of Saint-Louis, Saint-Louis, Senegal.
authors.forename: Charles Abdou
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Dia
keywords: Epidemiology; Kidney Disease; Population; Senegal