title: The unacknowledged impact of urinary schistosomiasis in children: 5 cases from Kumasi, Ghana.
abstract: Urinary schistosomiasis is a parasitic disease caused by Shistosoma haematobium. It is prevalent in several parts of Africa particularly in areas where there are large water bodies. In most affected communities, the condition is often accepted as normal since to them, all growing children pass blood in their urine and "grow out of it". Mass treatment of school children has been a regular exercise often undertaken by stake holders to decrease the disease burden and reduce transmission in selected communities. Urinary schistosomiasis can have devastating impact on the urinary tract which is often unacknowledged and unevaluated. Such omission could have implication for progressive renal damage which, if not detected and treated, could lead to end stage renal failure and death. We present five (5) cases of urinary schistosomiasis with severe obstructive uropathy seen at the paediatric nephrology/urology units of Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Ghana. All five cases had some degree of anaemia and hypertension. Two of the five cases presented with end stage renal failure and died subsequently whilst two underwent successful surgery. One made a spontaneous recovery from the urinary obstruction though still has significant renal impairment. This potential devastating effect of urinary schistosomiasis on the kidneys calls for thorough evaluation and assessment of each confirmed case to include blood pressure measurement, full blood count, and ultrasonography of the urinary system. Mass screening programmes should be combined with portable ultrasonography of the kidneys, ureters and bladder.
authors.affiliation: Department of Child Health School Of Medical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology/Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Antwi
authors.affiliation: Department Of Surgery, School Of Medical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology/Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana.
authors.forename: K E K
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Aboah
authors.affiliation: Department of Child Health School Of Medical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology/Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana.
authors.forename: C K G
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Sarpong
mesh_terms: D000740:Anemia / Q000469:parasitology; D002648:Child; D017809:Fatal Outcome; D005260:Female; D005869:Ghana; D006417:Hematuria / Q000469:parasitology; D006801:Humans; D006869:Hydronephrosis / Q000469:parasitology*; D006973:Hypertension / Q000469:parasitology; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000469:parasitology*; D008297:Male; D012553:Schistosomiasis haematobia / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy; D014517:Ureteral Obstruction / Q000469:parasitology*; D001748:Urinary Bladder Neck Obstruction / Q000469:parasitology*
keywords: End Stage Renal-Failure; Hydroureteronephrosis; Nephrostomy; Obstructive uropathy; Urinary schistosomiasis