title: Citral exerts its antifungal activity against Penicillium digitatum by affecting the mitochondrial morphology and function.
abstract: This work investigated the effect of citral on the mitochondrial morphology and function of Penicillium digitatum. Citral at concentrations of 2.0 or 4.0 μL/mL strongly damaged mitochondria of test pathogen by causing the loss of matrix and increase of irregular mitochondria. The deformation extent of the mitochondria of P. digitatum enhanced with increasing concentrations of citral, as evidenced by a decrease in intracellular ATP content and an increase in extracellular ATP content of P. digitatum cells. Oxygen consumption showed that citral resulted in an inhibition in the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) pathway of P. digitatum cells, induced a decrease in activities of citrate synthetase, isocitrate dehydrogenase, α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase, succinodehydrogenase and the content of citric acid, while enhancing the activity of malic dehydrogenase in P. digitatum cells. Our present results indicated that citral could damage the mitochondrial membrane permeability and disrupt the TCA pathway of P. digitatum.
authors.affiliation: School of Chemical Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, PR China.
authors.forename: Shiju
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.affiliation: School of Chemical Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, PR China. Electronic address: xing810810@163.com.
authors.forename: Guoxing
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Jing
authors.affiliation: School of Chemical Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, PR China.
authors.forename: Xiao
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: School of Chemical Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, PR China.
authors.forename: Qiuli
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Ouyang
authors.affiliation: School of Chemical Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, PR China.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Jia
authors.affiliation: School of Chemical Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, PR China. Electronic address: nengguotao@126.com.
authors.forename: Nengguo
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tao
mesh_terms: D000080462:Acyclic Monoterpenes; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000032:analysis; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019343:Citric Acid / Q000032:analysis; D002952:Citric Acid Cycle / Q000187:drug effects; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D039821:Monoterpenes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010407:Penicillium / Q000187:drug effects*; D010539:Permeability
chemical_list: D000080462:Acyclic Monoterpenes; D000935:Antifungal Agents; D039821:Monoterpenes; D019343:Citric Acid; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; C007076:citral
keywords: ATP; Citral; Mitochondrial membrane permeability; Penicillium digitatum; TCA