title: Comparison of contrast-enhanced ultrasound and contrast-enhanced computed tomography in evaluating the treatment response to transcatheter arterial chemoembolization of hepatocellular carcinoma using modified RECIST.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We aimed to compare contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) with contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) for evaluating the treatment response to transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
  
  
  METHODS
  Treatment responses of 130 patients who underwent TACE were evaluated by CEUS and CECT. We initially compared the abilities of CEUS and CECT to detect residual tumour, which were confirmed by histology or angiography. Then, we compared the tumour response to TACE assessed by CEUS and CECT, according to Modified Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumours (mRECIST).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The sensitivity and accuracy of detecting residual tumour by CEUS vs. CECT were 95.9 % vs. 76.2 % (p < 0.001) and 96.2 % vs. 77.7 % (p < 0.001), respectively. For target lesions, 13 patients were observed as complete response (CR) by CEUS, compared to 36 by CECT (p < 0.001). For nontarget lesions, 12 patients were observed as CR by CEUS, compared to 22 by CECT (p = 0.006). For overall response, eight patients were observed as CR by CEUS, compared to 31 by CECT (p < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The diagnostic performance of CEUS was superior to CECT for detecting residual tumour after TACE. In clinical, CEUS should be recommended as an optional procedure for assessing the tumour response to TACE.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  • The mRECIST are widely applied for evaluating the response of HCC. • Imaging method has been applied to assess the therapeutic response to TACE. • The diagnostic performance of CEUS was superior to CECT for residual tumours. • CEUS can be a valuable method for assessing tumour response to TACE.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Ultrasonics, Sun Yat-Sen University, 58 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Ming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Man-Xia
authors.initials: MX
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Ming-de
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Zuo-Feng
authors.initials: ZF
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Ke-Guo
authors.initials: KG
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Ming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kuang
authors.forename: Wen-Quan
authors.initials: WQ
authors.lastname: Zhuang
authors.forename: Xiao-Yan
authors.initials: XY
authors.lastname: Xie
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000792:Angiography / Q000379:methods; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016461:Chemoembolization, Therapeutic / Q000379:methods; D003287:Contrast Media; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018365:Neoplasm, Residual; D066066:Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods; D014463:Ultrasonography
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media