title: Frequencies of apolipoprotein E alleles in depressed patients undergoing hemodialysis--a case-control study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore the relation between the frequencies of apolipoprotein E (ApoE) alleles and the occurrence of depression in patients undergoing hemodialysis in a Chinese population.
  
  
  METHODS
  We examined the ApoE alleles in a sample of 288 subjects: 72 patients with depression under hemodialysis, 74 patients without depression under hemodialysis, 75 patients with depression under nondialytic treatment and 67 patients without depression under nondialytic treatment. The depression state was assessed using the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression (CES-D) scale. Associations between the occurrence of depression and the frequencies of ApoE alleles were examined using multinomial logistic regression models with adjustment of relevant covariates. Information about sociodemographics, clinical data, vascular risk factors and cognitive function was also collected and evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The frequencies of ApoE-ɛ2 were significantly different between depressed and non-depressed patients irrespective of dialysis (p < 0.05), but no significant difference was found in the frequencies of ApoE-ɛ4 (p > 0.05). Serum ApoE levels were significantly different between depressed and non-depressed patients in the whole sample (p < 0.05). Multinomial logistic regression models showed significant association between the frequency of ApoE-ɛ2 and the occurrence of depression in the Chinese population after control of relevant covariates, including age, sex, educational level, history of smoking and drinking, vascular risk factors and cognitive function.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  No association between the frequency of ApoE-ɛ4 and the occurrence of depression was found in patients undergoing hemodialysis. Further research is needed to find out if ApoE-ɛ2 acts as a protective factor in Chinese dialysis population since it might decrease the prevalence of depression and delay the onset age.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Nephrology , Huadu District People's Hospital, Southern Medical University , Guangzhou , Guangdong , PR China.
authors.forename: Yan-yan
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Su
authors.forename: Yun-fang
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Shen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Jie-lin
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Bao-jun
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Hua
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.forename: Qi
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: De-wang
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Zeng
authors.forename: Yan-qun
authors.initials: YQ
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Hong-yan
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000483:Alleles; D053329:Apolipoprotein E2 / Q000097:blood*; D053327:Apolipoprotein E4 / Q000097:blood*; D044466:Asian People; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002681:China; D003071:Cognition; D003863:Depression / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics*; D039721:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D006435:Renal Dialysis / Q000379:methods*; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D053329:Apolipoprotein E2; D053327:Apolipoprotein E4
keywords: Apolipoprotein E allele; depression; end-stage renal disease; hemodialysis; vascular depression