title: Preparing Patient Safety Advocates: Evaluation of Nursing Students' Reported Experience With Authority Gradients in a Hospital Setting.
abstract: In this post hoc review, prelicensure students' observations of communication interactions were evaluated to assess the students' ability to recognize ineffective professional communication due to an authority gradient and the resultant impact on the patient, other team members, and self. By expanding curricular content to include structured communication strategies using simulation, interprofessional education, and debriefing, students' advocacy skills should improve and potential patient safety risks should decrease as authority gradients are effectively challenged.
authors.affiliation: Author Affiliations: Adjunct Associate Professor (Dr Walrath), Adjunct Assistant Professor (Dr Immelt), Assistant Professor (Dr van Graafeiland), and Associate Professor of Nursing (Dr Dennison Himmelfarb), Department of Acute and Chronic Care, and Assistant Professor (Dr Ray), Department of Community and Public Health, Johns Hopkins School of Nursing, Baltimore, Maryland.
authors.forename: Jo M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Walrath
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Immelt
authors.forename: Ellen M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Ray
authors.forename: Brigit
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: van Graafeiland
authors.forename: Cheryl Dennison
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Himmelfarb
mesh_terms: D003142:Communication; D004506:Education, Nursing / Q000458:organization & administration*; D006801:Humans; D007400:Interprofessional Relations; D007858:Learning; D008505:Medical Staff, Hospital / Q000523:psychology; D015402:Nursing Education Research; D015403:Nursing Evaluation Research; D015404:Nursing Methodology Research; D010344:Patient Advocacy / Q000193:education*; D010348:Patient Care Team / Q000458:organization & administration; D061214:Patient Safety; D013338:Students, Nursing / Q000523:psychology*