title: Improved performance in differentiating benign from malignant sinonasal tumors using diffusion-weighted combined with dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Differentiating benign from malignant sinonsal lesions is essential for treatment planning as well as determining the patient's prognosis, but the differentiation is often difficult in clinical practice. The study aimed to determine whether the combination of diffusion-weighted (DW) and dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) can improve the performance in differentiating benign from malignant sinonasal tumors.
  
  
  METHODS
  This retrospective study included 197 consecutive patients with sinonasal tumors (116 malignant tumors and 81 benign tumors). All patients underwent both DW and DCE-MRI in a 3-T magnetic resonance scanner. Two different settings of b values (0,700 and 0,1000 s/mm 2 ) and two different strategies of region of interest (ROI) including whole slice (WS) and partial slice (PS) were used to calculate apparent diffusion coefficients (ADCs). A DW parameter with WS ADCs b0,1000 and two DCE-MRI parameters (time intensity curve [TIC] and time to peak enhancement [Tpeak]) were finally combined to use in differentiating the benign from the malignant tumors in this study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean ADCs of malignant sinonasal tumors (WS ADCs b0,1000 = 1.084 × 10-3 mm 2 /s) were significantly lower than those of benign tumors (WS ADCs b0,1000 = 1.617 × 10-3 mm 2 /s, P < 0.001). The accuracy using WS ADCs b0,1000 alone was 83.7% in differentiating the benign from the malignant tumors (85.3% sensitivity, 81.2% specificity, 86.4% positive predictive value [PPV], and 79.5% negative predictive value [NPV]). The accuracy using DCE with Tpeak and TIC alone was 72.1% (69.1% sensitivity, 74.1% specificity, 77.5% PPV, and 65.1% NPV). Using DW-MRI parameter was superior than using DCE parameters in differentiation between benign and malignant sinonasal tumors (P < 0.001). The accuracy was 87.3% (90.5% sensitivity, 82.7% specificity, 88.2% PPV, and 85.9% NPV) using DW-MRI combined with DCE-MRI, which was superior than that using DCE-MRI alone or using DW-MRI alone (both P < 0.001) in differentiating the benign from the malignant tumors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Diffusion-weighted combined with DCE-MRI can improve imaging performance in differentiating benign from malignant sinonasal tumors, which has the potential to improve diagnostic accuracy and to provide added value in the management for these tumors.
authors.forename: Xin-Yan
authors.initials: XY
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Fei
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hao
authors.forename: Jian-Xing
authors.initials: JX
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Qing-Hua
authors.initials: QH
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100730; Beijing Key Laboratory of Nasal Diseases, Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
authors.forename: Jun-Fang
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Xian
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003287:Contrast Media; D038524:Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010255:Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis*; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media