title: NIK1-mediated translation suppression functions as a plant antiviral immunity mechanism.
abstract: Plants and plant pathogens are subject to continuous co-evolutionary pressure for dominance, and the outcomes of these interactions can substantially impact agriculture and food security. In virus-plant interactions, one of the major mechanisms for plant antiviral immunity relies on RNA silencing, which is often suppressed by co-evolving virus suppressors, thus enhancing viral pathogenicity in susceptible hosts. In addition, plants use the nucleotide-binding and leucine-rich repeat (NB-LRR) domain-containing resistance proteins, which recognize viral effectors to activate effector-triggered immunity in a defence mechanism similar to that employed in non-viral infections. Unlike most eukaryotic organisms, plants are not known to activate mechanisms of host global translation suppression to fight viruses. Here we demonstrate in Arabidopsis that the constitutive activation of NIK1, a leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinase (LRR-RLK) identified as a virulence target of the begomovirus nuclear shuttle protein (NSP), leads to global translation suppression and translocation of the downstream component RPL10 to the nucleus, where it interacts with a newly identified MYB-like protein, L10-INTERACTING MYB DOMAIN-CONTAINING PROTEIN (LIMYB), to downregulate translational machinery genes fully. LIMYB overexpression represses ribosomal protein genes at the transcriptional level, resulting in protein synthesis inhibition, decreased viral messenger RNA association with polysome fractions and enhanced tolerance to begomovirus. By contrast, the loss of LIMYB function releases the repression of translation-related genes and increases susceptibility to virus infection. Therefore, LIMYB links immune receptor LRR-RLK activation to global translation suppression as an antiviral immunity strategy in plants.
authors.affiliation: 1] Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, National Institute of Science and Technology in Plant-Pest Interactions, Bioagro, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570.000 Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil [2] National Institute of Science and Technology in Plant-Pest Interactions, Bioagro, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570.000 Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
authors.forename: Cristiane
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zorzatto
authors.affiliation: 1] Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, National Institute of Science and Technology in Plant-Pest Interactions, Bioagro, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570.000 Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil [2] National Institute of Science and Technology in Plant-Pest Interactions, Bioagro, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570.000 Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
authors.forename: João Paulo B
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Machado
authors.affiliation: 1] Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, National Institute of Science and Technology in Plant-Pest Interactions, Bioagro, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570.000 Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil [2] National Institute of Science and Technology in Plant-Pest Interactions, Bioagro, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570.000 Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
authors.forename: Kênia V G
authors.initials: KV
authors.lastname: Lopes
authors.affiliation: 1] Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, National Institute of Science and Technology in Plant-Pest Interactions, Bioagro, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570.000 Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil [2] National Institute of Science and Technology in Plant-Pest Interactions, Bioagro, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570.000 Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
authors.forename: Kelly J T
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Nascimento
authors.affiliation: 1] Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, National Institute of Science and Technology in Plant-Pest Interactions, Bioagro, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570.000 Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil [2] National Institute of Science and Technology in Plant-Pest Interactions, Bioagro, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570.000 Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
authors.forename: Welison A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.affiliation: 1] Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, National Institute of Science and Technology in Plant-Pest Interactions, Bioagro, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570.000 Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil [2] National Institute of Science and Technology in Plant-Pest Interactions, Bioagro, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570.000 Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
authors.forename: Otávio J B
authors.initials: OJ
authors.lastname: Brustolini
authors.affiliation: 1] Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, National Institute of Science and Technology in Plant-Pest Interactions, Bioagro, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570.000 Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil [2] National Institute of Science and Technology in Plant-Pest Interactions, Bioagro, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570.000 Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
authors.forename: Pedro A B
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Reis
authors.affiliation: 1] Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, National Institute of Science and Technology in Plant-Pest Interactions, Bioagro, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570.000 Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil [2] National Institute of Science and Technology in Plant-Pest Interactions, Bioagro, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570.000 Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
authors.forename: Iara P
authors.initials: IP
authors.lastname: Calil
authors.affiliation: 1] Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, National Institute of Science and Technology in Plant-Pest Interactions, Bioagro, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570.000 Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil [2] National Institute of Science and Technology in Plant-Pest Interactions, Bioagro, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570.000 Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
authors.forename: Michihito
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Deguchi
authors.affiliation: 1] National Institute of Science and Technology in Plant-Pest Interactions, Bioagro, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570.000 Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil [2] Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 21944.970 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Gilberto
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sachetto-Martins
authors.affiliation: 1] Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, National Institute of Science and Technology in Plant-Pest Interactions, Bioagro, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570.000 Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil [2] National Institute of Science and Technology in Plant-Pest Interactions, Bioagro, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570.000 Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
authors.forename: Bianca C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Gouveia
authors.affiliation: 1] Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, National Institute of Science and Technology in Plant-Pest Interactions, Bioagro, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570.000 Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil [2] National Institute of Science and Technology in Plant-Pest Interactions, Bioagro, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570.000 Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
authors.forename: Virgílio A P
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: Loriato
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Science and Technology in Plant-Pest Interactions, Bioagro, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570.000 Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marcos A C
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570.000 Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
authors.forename: Fabyano F
authors.initials: FF
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Science and Technology in Plant-Pest Interactions, Bioagro, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570.000 Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
authors.forename: Anésia A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.affiliation: 1] National Institute of Science and Technology in Plant-Pest Interactions, Bioagro, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570.000 Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil [2] Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Plant Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California 92037, USA.
authors.forename: Joanne
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chory
authors.affiliation: 1] Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, National Institute of Science and Technology in Plant-Pest Interactions, Bioagro, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570.000 Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil [2] National Institute of Science and Technology in Plant-Pest Interactions, Bioagro, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570.000 Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
authors.forename: Elizabeth P B
authors.initials: EP
authors.lastname: Fontes
mesh_terms: D021581:Active Transport, Cell Nucleus; D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology*; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D053839:Begomovirus / Q000276:immunology*; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism; D015536:Down-Regulation; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D007108:Immune Tolerance; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D057865:Plant Immunity; D011485:Protein Binding; D014176:Protein Biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D000080882:Ribosomal Protein L10; D012269:Ribosomal Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D012269:Ribosomal Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors; C000630691:ribosomal protein L10, Arabidopsis; C000597753:NIK1 protein, Arabidopsis; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases