title: Suppression of inducible nitric oxide synthase pathway by 7-deacetylgedunin, a limonoid from Xylocarpus sp.
abstract: In this study, limonoids isolated from Xylocarpus plants were tested for their in vitro anti-inflammatory effects. The results demonstrated that only 7-deacetylgedunin (1), a gedunin-type limonoid, significantly inhibited lipopolysaccharide- and interferon-γ-stimulated production of nitric oxide in murine macrophage RAW 264.7 cells. The suppression of nitric oxide production by 1 was correlated with the downregulation of mRNA and protein expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase. Mechanistic studies revealed that the transcriptional activity of nuclear factor-κB, IκBα degradation, and the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases, stimulated with lipopolysaccharide and interferon-γ, were suppressed by 1.
authors.affiliation: Program in Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
authors.forename: Chanin
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sarigaputi
authors.affiliation: Medical Microbiology Interdisciplinary Program, Graduate School, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
authors.forename: Nuanpan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sangpech
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
authors.forename: Tanapat
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Palaga
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
authors.forename: Khanitha
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Pudhom
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015536:Down-Regulation; D020672:I-kappa B Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D007249:Inflammation / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism*; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000378:metabolism; D036701:Limonins / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D029582:Meliaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D051379:Mice; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D000072000:NF-KappaB Inhibitor alpha; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism*; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000067996:RAW 264.7 Cells; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D020672:I-kappa B Proteins; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D036701:Limonins; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D016328:NF-kappa B; C000606205:Nfkbia protein, mouse; D010936:Plant Extracts; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D000072000:NF-KappaB Inhibitor alpha; C106014:gedunin; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; C496317:Nos2 protein, mouse; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases