title: Accuracy of three-dimensional ultrasound compared with magnetic resonance imaging in diagnosis of Müllerian duct anomalies using ESHRE-ESGE consensus on the classification of congenital anomalies of the female genital tract.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To establish the accuracy of three-dimensional ultrasound (3D-US), compared with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), for diagnosing uterine anomalies, using the European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology-European Society for Gynaecological Endoscopy (ESHRE-ESGE) consensus on the classification of congenital anomalies of the female genital tract.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty women with uterine anomalies suspected after examination by conventional two-dimensional ultrasound were evaluated with 3D-US and MRI. These data were analyzed retrospectively to confirm the presence and type of uterine malformation in accordance with the ESHRE-ESGE consensus. Sensitivity, specificity and positive (PPV) and negative (NPV) predictive values were calculated, using MRI as the gold standard, and agreement between the two methods was evaluated by kappa index.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with MRI, for the diagnosis of normal uteri, 3D-US had a sensitivity of 83.3%, specificity of 100%, PPV of 100%, NPV of 98.2% and kappa index of 0.900. For dysmorphic uteri and for hemi-uteri, the sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV were all 100%, and kappa was 1.00. For septate uteri, the sensitivity was 100%, specificity was 88.9%, PPV was 95.5%, NPV was 100% and kappa was 0.918. For bicorporeal uteri, the sensitivity was 83.3%, specificity was 100%, PPV was 100%, NPV was 98.2% and kappa was 0.900.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  3D-US is highly accurate for diagnosing uterine malformations, having a good level of agreement with MRI in the classification of different anomaly types based on the ESHRE-ESGE consensus.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproduction, Hospital Universitari Quiron Dexeus, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Graupera
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproduction, Hospital Universitari Quiron Dexeus, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Pascual
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproduction, Hospital Universitari Quiron Dexeus, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hereter
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproduction, Hospital Universitari Quiron Dexeus, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Browne
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproduction, Hospital Universitari Quiron Dexeus, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Úbeda
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproduction, Hospital Universitari Quiron Dexeus, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Rodríguez
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproduction, Hospital Universitari Quiron Dexeus, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pedrero
mesh_terms: D002584:Cervix Uteri / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D009095:Mullerian Ducts / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000473:pathology; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012955:Societies, Medical; D014564:Urogenital Abnormalities / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D014599:Uterus / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000473:pathology; D014621:Vagina / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000473:pathology*
keywords: 3D-US; Müllerian duct anomalies; congenital uterine anomalies; magnetic resonance imaging; three-dimensional ultrasonography; uterine abnormalities; uterine malformations