title: CARES: improving the care and disposition of psychiatric patients in the pediatric emergency department.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Pediatric psychiatric emergencies are a nationwide crisis and have contributed to an increase in behavioral health emergency department (ED) visits. A collaborative response to this crisis was the creation of the Child & Adolescent Rapid Emergency Stabilization (CARES) program. The objective of this study is to determine how the CARES unit influenced length of stay (LOS) and costs for psychiatric patients in the pediatric ED.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective review of ED patients was conducted. Children presenting 1 year before CARES, October 13, 2006, to October 13, 2007 (pre-CARES), were compared with 1 year after, October 15, 2007, to October 15, 2008 (post-CARES). The study population includes all patients presenting to the ED with psychiatric illnesses. The primary outcome is mean LOS in hours. Supplemental analyses of total charges, payments, and costs were performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 1719 visits before and 1867 visits after CARES, with 1190 and 1273 unique patient visits, respectively. Children in both groups had similar age, gender, and ethnicity. Pre-CARES had a mean LOS of 19.7 hours (SD, 32.6), whereas post-CARES had 10.8 hours (SD, 19.9) (P < 0.0001). Evaluating only unique visits, the difference remained highly significant. Post-CARES, compared with pre-CARES, the average charge per patient decreased by $905 (P < 0.0001), average payment decreased by $111 (P < 0.06), and average total cost decreased by $569 or 38.7% (P < 0.0001). The total cost savings the year after CARES opened was $1,019,168.55.
authors.affiliation: From the *Department of Pediatrics, University of Connecticut School of Medicine and Connecticut Children's Medical Center, Hartford; †Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs; and ‡Department of Psychiatry, Hartford Hospital; and §Institute of Living, Hartford, CT.
authors.forename: Steven C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Rogers
authors.forename: Lauren C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Griffin
authors.forename: Peter D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Masso
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stevens
authors.forename: Lynn
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mangini
authors.forename: Sharon R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Smith
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D003365:Costs and Cost Analysis; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital / Q000191:economics* / Q000592:standards; D005260:Female; D005102:Health Expenditures; D006776:Hospitals, Pediatric / Q000191:economics* / Q000592:standards; D006801:Humans; D007902:Length of Stay / Q000191:economics; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000191:economics* / Q000628:therapy*; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014481:United States