title: Effect of music on postoperative pain in patients under open heart surgery.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Music, as a non-pharmacological and inexpensive nursing intervention, can be used easily as a complementary technique in reducing pain along with other methods. While some studies have demonstrated pain to decrease after music, others found music to be ineffective on pain.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of music on postoperative pain in patients under open heart surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  A quasi-experimental study was performed on 60 patients under open heart surgery referred to ICU of Shahid Beheshti hospital in Kashan city. Patients were randomly divided into two groups including experimental and control groups. Patients in music group listened to nonverbal music for 30 minutes after surgery by headphones. The control group did not receive any intervention other than routine care. Before and after intervention, pain intensity was measured and recorded by visual analog scale in two groups. Data was analyzed using Chi-Square and t-tests.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Before intervention, the mean of pain intensity was 6.32 ± 0.21 and 6.10 ± 0.21 for experimental and control groups, respectively; and the difference was not significant (P = 0.21). After intervention, the mean of pain intensity was 3.11 ± 0.12 and 5.81 ± 0.38 for experimental and control groups, respectively; and the difference was significant (P = 0.04).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Listening to the relaxant music can reduce postoperative pain. It is suggested that relaxant music be used as a complementary method in patients in order to reduce prospective pain.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Neda
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mirbagher Ajorpaz
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Abouzar
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mohammadi
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Hamed
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Najaran
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Shala
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Khazaei
keywords: Music; Open Heart Surgery; Pain