title: Responses of solid tumor cells in DMEM to reactive oxygen species generated by non-thermal plasma and chemically induced ROS systems.
abstract: In this study, we assessed the role of different reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by soft jet plasma and chemical-induced ROS systems with regard to cell death in T98G, A549, HEK293 and MRC5 cell lines. For a comparison with plasma, we generated superoxide anion (O2(-)), hydroxyl radical (HO·), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) with chemicals inside an in vitro cell culture. Our data revealed that plasma decreased the viability and intracellular ATP values of cells and increased the apoptotic population via a caspase activation mechanism. Plasma altered the mitochondrial membrane potential and eventually up-regulated the mRNA expression levels of BAX, BAK1 and H2AX gene but simultaneously down-regulated the levels of Bcl-2 in solid tumor cells. Moreover, a western blot analysis confirmed that plasma also altered phosphorylated ERK1/2/MAPK protein levels. At the same time, using ROS scavengers with plasma, we observed that scavengers of HO· (mannitol) and H2O2 (catalase and sodium pyruvate) attenuated the activity of plasma on cells to a large extent. In contrast, radicals generated by specific chemical systems enhanced cell death drastically in cancer as well as normal cell lines in a dose-dependent fashion but not specific with regard to the cell type as compared to plasma.
authors.affiliation: Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Kwangwoon University, 447-1, Seoul 139-701, Korea.
authors.forename: Neha
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kaushik
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Biochemistry, Department of Life Science, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Korea.
authors.forename: Nizam
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Uddin
authors.affiliation: Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Kwangwoon University, 447-1, Seoul 139-701, Korea.
authors.forename: Geon Bo
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Sim
authors.affiliation: Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Kwangwoon University, 447-1, Seoul 139-701, Korea.
authors.forename: Young June
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.affiliation: Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Kwangwoon University, 447-1, Seoul 139-701, Korea.
authors.forename: Ku Youn
authors.initials: KY
authors.lastname: Baik
authors.affiliation: Institute of Information Technology, Kwangwoon University, 447-1, Seoul 139-701, Korea.
authors.forename: Chung Hyeok
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Biochemistry, Department of Life Science, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Korea.
authors.forename: Su Jae
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Kwangwoon University, 447-1, Seoul 139-701, Korea.
authors.forename: Nagendra Kumar
authors.initials: NK
authors.lastname: Kaushik
authors.affiliation: Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Kwangwoon University, 447-1, Seoul 139-701, Korea.
authors.forename: Eun Ha
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Choi
mesh_terms: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D017209:Apoptosis; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D053179:Caspase 7 / Q000378:metabolism; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D003470:Culture Media; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D015870:Gene Expression; D057809:HEK293 Cells; D006657:Histones / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D053078:Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D058626:Plasma Gases / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D026361:Reactive Nitrogen Species / Q000494:pharmacology; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015854:Up-Regulation; D050998:bcl-2 Homologous Antagonist-Killer Protein / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C494772:BAK1 protein, human; C494826:BAX protein, human; C000595707:BCL2 protein, human; D003470:Culture Media; C468783:H2AX protein, human; D006657:Histones; D058626:Plasma Gases; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D026361:Reactive Nitrogen Species; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D050998:bcl-2 Homologous Antagonist-Killer Protein; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases; C505407:CASP3 protein, human; C505520:CASP7 protein, human; D053148:Caspase 3; D053179:Caspase 7