title: Exploring the origins of grey matter damage in multiple sclerosis.
abstract: Multiple sclerosis is characterized at the gross pathological level by the presence of widespread focal demyelinating lesions of the myelin-rich white matter. However, it is becoming clear that grey matter is not spared, even during the earliest phases of the disease. Furthermore, grey matter damage may have an important role both in physical and cognitive disability. Grey matter pathology involves both inflammatory and neurodegenerative mechanisms, but the relationship between the two is unclear. Histological, immunological and neuroimaging studies have provided new insight in this rapidly expanding field, and form the basis of the most recent hypotheses on the pathogenesis of grey matter damage.
authors.affiliation: Advanced Neuroimaging Laboratory of Neurology B, Department of Neurological and Movement Sciences, University Hospital Verona, Piazzale Ludovico Antonio Scuro 10, 37134, Verona, Italy.
authors.forename: Massimiliano
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Calabrese
authors.affiliation: 1] Division of Brain Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London W12 0NN, UK. [2] Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Roberta
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Magliozzi
authors.affiliation: 1] National Institute for Health Research, University College London/University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (NIHR UCL/UCLH) Biomedical Research Centre, 149 Tottenham Court Road, London W1T 7DN, UK. [2] Queen Square Multiple Sclerosis Centre, University College London, Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK.
authors.forename: Olga
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Ciccarelli
authors.affiliation: Section of Clinical Neuroscience, Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, VU University Medical Center, van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Jeroen J G
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Geurts
authors.affiliation: Division of Brain Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London W12 0NN, UK.
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Reynolds
authors.affiliation: Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Research Section, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Frauenklinikstrasse 26, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Roland
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Martin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology*; D066128:Gray Matter / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology*; D066127:White Matter / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology