title: Treatment of subtalar calcanean fractures using trans-osseous limited lateral approach.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Calcaneal fractures are the most common fractures of the tarsal bones. The majority of these fractures are produced by axial force like a fall from a height. Controversy still exists on the best line of treatment. This study is to evaluate the results of trans-osseous limited lateral approach as a minimally invasive surgical treatment of the displaced intra-articular calcaneal fractures.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study included forty two patients (46 feet) with displaced intra-articular calcaneal fractures admitted to El-Hadra University Hospital. They were treated by trans-osseous open reduction of subtalar joint and internal fixation by k-wires consuming the trans-osseous limited lateral approach. Out of 42 patients, 36 pateints (85.7%) were males.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Using calcaneal fracture scoring system, the mean score was 67.55+17.35. Satisfactory results were found in 26 patients (61.9%), while 16 patients (38.1%) had unsatisfactory results. There was significant relationship between classification of the fracture and the final results (the more the grade of the fracture, the worse the final score) (x 2 =5.914, p=0.05). The value of calcaneal angles were significantly improved after surgery including bohler angle (p=0.0001), gissane angle (p=0.0001), calcaneal pitch angle (p=0.001) and calcaneofibular space (p=0.0021).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  1. Trans-osseous limited lateral approach is an effective method for management of intra articular calcaneal fractures. 2. Anatomical reduction for intra articular calcaneal fractures is essential. 3. Functional outcome of intra articular calcaneal fractures depends upon the initial damage of the articular cartilage. 4. There is a need for multi-center prospective randomized study for accurate assessment of the results of operative management of intra articular calcaneal fractures involving pre and post-operative CT for assessment of reduction and using a rational scoring system and a long period of follow up.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, Al-Amreya, Ministry of health, Egypt.
authors.forename: Abdelaleem H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Ragab
authors.affiliation: Royal Devon and Exeter Foundation trust Hospital, Exeter, Devon, UK.
authors.forename: Islam M
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Mubark
authors.affiliation: Morrison Hospital, ABMU Health Board, Swansea, UK.
authors.forename: Ahmed M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Nagi
authors.affiliation: Elhadra University Hospital.
authors.forename: Mohamed Aly
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Abdelnaby
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001860:Bone Plates; D001864:Bone Wires; D002111:Calcaneus / Q000293:injuries* / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D005593:Fracture Fixation, Internal / Q000379:methods*; D050723:Fractures, Bone / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019060:Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D011044:Poland; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult