title: Sacral insufficiency fractures: an underdiagnosed injury during childbirth? : A case report and review of literature.
abstract: Insufficiency fractures during pregnancy or childbirth are difficult to diagnose but holds high morbidity for a vulnerable patient group. In documenting the patient's pathway, diagnostic challenges and treatment options, it is hoped that pregnancy-related insufficiency fractures will be better diagnosed and treated.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Sacral insufficiency fractures are a poorly understood phenomenon, which poses diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. Peripartum females who suffer from transient osteoporosis of pregnancy have been shown in several reports to be at particular high risk of these fractures.
  
  
  METHODS
  This case report details such a case and highlights some of the challenges that this condition presents. Furthermore, it draws on the current literature to offer options for improved techniques for diagnosis and up-to-date management for future practice.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic Surgery, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK, hajoonsoo@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Joon
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ha
authors.forename: Nirav K
authors.initials: NK
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: White
authors.forename: Khaled M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Sarraf
authors.forename: Warwick
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Radford
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D015775:Fractures, Stress / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D010024:Osteoporosis / Q000473:pathology; D036801:Parturition / Q000502:physiology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D011859:Radiography; D012447:Sacrum / Q000293:injuries*; D016103:Spinal Fractures / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology*