title: The influence of electromagnetic radiation generated by a mobile phone on the skeletal system of rats.
abstract: The study was focused on the influence of electromagnetic field generated by mobile phone on the skeletal system of rats, assessed by measuring the macrometric parameters of bones, mechanical properties of long bones, calcium and phosphorus content in bones, and the concentration of osteogenesis (osteocalcin) and bone resorption (NTX, pyridinoline) markers in blood serum. The study was carried out on male rats divided into two groups: experimental group subjected to 28-day cycle of exposures in electromagnetic field of 900 MHz frequency generated by mobile phone and a control, sham-exposed one. The mobile phone-generated electromagnetic field did not influence the macrometric parameters of long bones and L4 vertebra, it altered mechanical properties of bones (stress and energy at maximum bending force, stress at fracture), it decreased the content of calcium in long bones and L4 vertebra, and it altered the concentration of osteogenesis and bone resorption markers in rats. On the basis of obtained results, it was concluded that electromagnetic field generated by 900 MHz mobile phone does not have a direct impact on macrometric parameters of bones; however, it alters the processes of bone mineralization and the intensity of bone turnover processes and thus influences the mechanical strength of bones.
authors.affiliation: School of Health Sciences in Katowice, Department of Physical Medicine, Chair of Physiotherapy, Medical University of Silesia, Medyków Street 12, 40-752 Katowice, Poland.
authors.forename: Karolina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sieroń-Stołtny
authors.affiliation: Orthopaedics and Motor System Trauma Surgery Unit, Saint Joseph Hospital, Okrzei Street 27, 43-190 Mikołów, Poland.
authors.forename: Łukasz
authors.initials: Ł
authors.lastname: Teister
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Department and Clinic of Internal Diseases, Angiology and Physical Medicine in Bytom, Medical University of Silesia, Batorego Street 15, 41-902 Bytom, Poland.
authors.forename: Grzegorz
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cieślar
authors.affiliation: Dr. Janusz Daab District Trauma Surgery Hospital, Bytomska Street 62, 41-940 Piekary Śląskie, Poland.
authors.forename: Dominik
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sieroń
authors.affiliation: Department of Manual Therapy, Institute of Physiotherapy, Jan Kochanowski University, IX Wieków Kielc Street 19, 25-317 Kielce, Poland.
authors.forename: Zbigniew
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Śliwinski
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Chair and Department of Descriptive and Topographic Anatomy, Medical University of Silesia, Jordana Street 19, 41-808 Zabrze, Poland.
authors.forename: Marek
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-7950-679X
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kucharzewski
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Department and Clinic of Internal Diseases, Angiology and Physical Medicine in Bytom, Medical University of Silesia, Batorego Street 15, 41-902 Bytom, Poland.
authors.forename: Aleksander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sieroń
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001862:Bone Resorption / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000528:radiation effects*; D002113:Calcification, Physiologic / Q000528:radiation effects; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D040421:Cell Phone; D060733:Electromagnetic Radiation; D006801:Humans; D009141:Musculoskeletal System / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000528:radiation effects*; D010758:Phosphorus / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats
chemical_list: D010758:Phosphorus; D002118:Calcium