title: Outcomes of benign breast papillomas diagnosed at image-guided vacuum-assisted core needle biopsy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the upgrade rate of benign papillomas diagnosed at image-guided vacuum-assisted core needle biopsy (VACNB) and to compare our results with the summarized literature.
  
  
  METHODS
  A database search was performed to identify patients older than 18 years of age with benign papillomas diagnosed at VACNB between 2004 and 2013. A total of 199 papillomas in 184 patients were identified. Clinical, imaging, and pathological features for each were analyzed. Patients who were subsequently diagnosed with malignancy at the site of papilloma, either at surgical excision or upon imaging follow-up, were compared with those not upgraded. Upgrade was defined as a diagnosis of invasive carcinoma or ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 199 papillomas, 110 (55.3%) were diagnosed at ultrasound-guided VACNB, 78 (39.2%) were diagnosed at stereotactic-guided VACNB, and 11 (5.5%) were diagnosed at magnetic resonance imaging-guided VACNB. Surgical excision was performed for 89 (44.7%), and the remaining 110 (55.3%) underwent imaging follow-up. Two patients were subsequently diagnosed with invasive carcinoma and 4 were found with DCIS. The upgrade rate across both groups was 3% (6 of 199). Masses with calcifications (P=.001) and smaller needle gauge at VACNB (P=.02) had a significant association with upgrade.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Benign papillomas diagnosed with VACNB demonstrated a 3% upgrade rate to malignancy, which is similar to the 2.9% upgrade rate calculated by compiling applicable published literature. Conservative management with imaging follow-up as opposed to surgical excision may be appropriate in cases where an initial diagnosis of benign papilloma is made with VACNB. Benign papillomas associated with calcifications on imaging should be considered for surgical excision given their increased association with malignancy.
authors.affiliation: The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, 395 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210. Electronic address: Jeffrey.Hawley@osumc.edu.
authors.forename: Jeffrey R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Hawley
authors.affiliation: The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, 395 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210. Electronic address: Hannah.Lawther@osumc.edu.
authors.forename: Hannah
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lawther
authors.affiliation: The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, 395 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210. Electronic address: Barbaros.Erdal@osumc.edu.
authors.forename: Barbaros Selnur
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Erdal
authors.affiliation: The Ohio State University College of Medicine Department of Biomedical Informatics, 2012 Kenny Road, Columbus, OH 43221. Electronic address: vedat.yildiz@osumc.edu.
authors.forename: Vedat O
authors.initials: VO
authors.lastname: Yildiz
authors.affiliation: The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, 395 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210. Electronic address: Selin.Carkaci@osumc.edu.
authors.forename: Selin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Carkaci
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D062005:Biopsy, Large-Core Needle / Q000379:methods; D001940:Breast / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D061705:Image-Guided Biopsy; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008875:Middle Aged; D010212:Papilloma / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: Benign papilloma; Breast cancer; Upgrade rate; Vacuum-assisted biopsy