title: Chitosan hydrogel vaccine generates protective CD8 T cell memory against mouse melanoma.
abstract: CD8(+) T cells are important in the control of viral infections and cancers because of their cytolytic activity. A vaccine able to generate these cells could be beneficial in the prevention or treatment of these diseases. Chitosan hydrogel is a promising vaccine formulation that has previously been shown to generate effector CD8(+) T cells in a mouse model. This vaccine promotes sustained release of antigen and adjuvant, which generates a robust effector response. For longer lasting immunity, a memory population of these CD8(+) T cells is required to control further disease. We found that vaccination with chitosan hydrogel or dendritic cells using ovalbumin protein as a model antigen and Quil-A adjuvant provided protection in a subcutaneous melanoma challenge 30 days later. Ovalbumin-specific memory CD8(+) T cells were detectable following vaccination with the chitosan hydrogel but not the dendritic cell vaccine and an in vivo cytotoxicity assay demonstrated specific lysis of target cells in chitosan hydrogel vaccinated mice but not those receiving dendritic cell vaccination. These results demonstrate that vaccination with chitosan hydrogel is equally effective as dendritic cell vaccination in tumour protection but has more readily detectable immune correlates of protection. This may be advantageous in predetermining protection in vaccinated individuals.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Andrew J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Highton
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Thunjiradasiree
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kojarunchitt
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Adam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Girardin
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hook
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Roslyn A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Kemp
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D019264:Adoptive Transfer; D000818:Animals; D018414:CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D019496:Cancer Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*; D048271:Chitosan / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology*; D003602:Cytotoxicity, Immunologic; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000276:immunology; D020100:Hydrogels; D007156:Immunologic Memory; D008546:Melanoma, Experimental / Q000276:immunology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D010047:Ovalbumin / Q000276:immunology; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000276:immunology; D062605:Quillaja Saponins / Q000276:immunology; D013047:Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D019496:Cancer Vaccines; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D020100:Hydrogels; C110366:OVA-8; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D062605:Quillaja Saponins; C046386:Quil A; D010047:Ovalbumin; D048271:Chitosan