title: Executive functions in men and postmenopausal women.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study was designed to assess sex differences in older adults (55-65 years old) in executive functions and to examine the influence of hormone therapy (HT) in postmenopausal women.
  
  
  METHODS
  We have assessed task performance in memory, visuospatial, and executive functions in 29 women using HT, 29 women who never used HT, and 30 men.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Men outperformed never users in task switching and updating. HT users outperformed never users in updating. HT users outperformed never users and men in visual divided attention.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study support previous findings that sex and HT impact cognition and bring new insights on sex and HT-related differences in executive functions.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Psychology , Université du Québec à Montréal , Montreal , QC , Canada.
authors.forename: Nathalie
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Castonguay
authors.forename: Maxime
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lussier
authors.forename: Aurélia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bugaiska
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lord
authors.forename: Louis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bherer
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001288:Attention / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology*; D015914:Estrogen Replacement Therapy; D004967:Estrogens / Q000627:therapeutic use; D056344:Executive Function / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008568:Memory / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D010775:Photic Stimulation; D017698:Postmenopause / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology* / Q000523:psychology; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D065855:Spatial Processing / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D014706:Verbal Learning / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D004967:Estrogens
keywords: Cognitive aging; Executive functions; Hormone therapy; Postmenopausal women; Sex differences