title: Orosomucoid, an acute response protein with multiple modulating activities.
abstract: Orosomucoid (ORM), or alpha-1-acid glycoprotein (AGP), is one of the acute-phase proteins. It has a molecular weight of 37-54 kDa, low pI of 2.8-3.8, and is heavily glycosylated (45 %). It is mainly synthesized by the liver, but many extrahepatic tissues have also been reported to produce ORM under myriad physiological and pathological conditions. Expression of the ORM gene is mainly controlled by a combination of the major regulatory mediators, such as glucocorticoids, interleukin (IL)-1, TNF-α, and IL-6. ORM has many activities including, but not limited to, acting as an acute-phase reactant and disease marker, modulating immunity, binding and carrying drugs, maintaining the barrier function of capillary, and mediating the sphingolipid metabolism. Its related receptor has been preliminarily explored in macrophages, neutrophils, and liver parenchymal cells, involving the membrane receptor CCR5, Siglect-5, and HBB, respectively. Additional activities of ORM such as regulating metabolism are currently being explored. Because of its regulation in liver diseases, cancer, and HIV, future ORM research is warranted.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guo-He Road, Shanghai, 200433, China.
authors.forename: Zhumin
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lei
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Xia
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Ding-Feng
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Su
mesh_terms: D065290:Acute-On-Chronic Liver Failure / Q000097:blood; D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D001812:Blood-Brain Barrier; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism; D005810:Multigene Family; D009961:Orosomucoid / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D011487:Protein Conformation; D013107:Sphingolipids / Q000378:metabolism; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D005938:Glucocorticoids; D007375:Interleukin-1; D015850:Interleukin-6; C506108:Orm1 protein, rat; D009961:Orosomucoid; D013107:Sphingolipids; C439524:TNF protein, human; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha