title: An instantaneous low-cost point-of-care anemia detection device.
abstract: We present a small, compact and portable device for point-of-care instantaneous early detection of anemia. The method used is based on direct hematocrit measurement from whole blood samples by means of impedance analysis. This device consists of a custom electronic instrumentation and a plug-and-play disposable sensor. The designed electronics rely on straightforward standards for low power consumption, resulting in a robust and low consumption device making it completely mobile with a long battery life. Another approach could be powering the system based on other solutions like indoor solar cells, or applying energy-harvesting solutions in order to remove the batteries. The sensing system is based on a disposable low-cost label-free three gold electrode commercial sensor for 50 µL blood samples. The device capability for anemia detection has been validated through 24 blood samples, obtained from four hospitalized patients at Hospital Clínic. As a result, the response, effectiveness and robustness of the portable point-of-care device to detect anemia has been proved with an accuracy error of 2.83% and a mean coefficient of variation of 2.57% without any particular case above 5%.
authors.affiliation: Department of Electronics, University of Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, Barcelona 08028, Spain. jpunter@el.ub.es.
authors.forename: Jaime
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Punter-Villagrasa
authors.affiliation: Department of Hemotherapy and Hemostasis, CDB, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clínic, Villarroel 170, Barcelona 08036, Spain. jcid@clinic.ub.es.
authors.forename: Joan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cid
authors.affiliation: Department of Electronics, University of Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, Barcelona 08028, Spain. cpaezaviles@el.ub.edu.
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Páez-Avilés
authors.affiliation: Centre de Recerca Matemàtica, Campus Bellaterra, UAB, Edifici C, Barcelona 08193, Spain. irodvill@crm.cat.
authors.forename: Ivón
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Rodríguez-Villarreal
authors.affiliation: Department of Electronics, University of Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, Barcelona 08028, Spain. ejuanola@el.ub.edu.
authors.forename: Esteve
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Juanola-Feliu
authors.affiliation: Department of Electronics, University of Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, Barcelona 08028, Spain. jcolomer@el.ub.edu.
authors.forename: Jordi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Colomer-Farrarons
authors.affiliation: Department of Electronics, University of Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, Barcelona 08028, Spain. pmiribel@el.ub.edu.
authors.forename: Pere Ll
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Miribel-Català
mesh_terms: D000740:Anemia; D015374:Biosensing Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D011211:Electric Power Supplies; D004581:Electronics; D006400:Hematocrit; D006801:Humans