title: Potential applications of image-guided radiotherapy for radiation dose escalation in patients with early stage high-risk prostate cancer.
abstract: Patients with early stage high-risk prostate cancer (prostate specific antigen > 20, Gleason score > 7) are at high risk of recurrence following prostate cancer irradiation. Radiation dose escalation to the prostate may improve biochemical-free survival for these patients. However, high rectal and bladder dose with conventional three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy may lead to excessive gastrointestinal and genitourinary toxicity. Image-guided radiotherapy (IGRT), by virtue of combining the steep dose gradient of intensity-modulated radiotherapy and daily pretreatment imaging, may allow for radiation dose escalation and decreased treatment morbidity. Reduced treatment time is feasible with hypo-fractionated IGRT and it may improve patient quality of life.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Howard University , Washington, DC , USA.
authors.forename: Nam P
authors.initials: NP
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Michael D. Wachtel Cancer Center , Oskosh, WI , USA.
authors.forename: Rick
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Howard University , Washington, DC , USA.
authors.forename: Satya R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Bose
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Medicine and Radiation Oncology PA , San Antonio, TX , USA.
authors.forename: Suresh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dutta
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Martinique University Hospital , Martinique , France.
authors.forename: Vincent
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Vinh-Hung
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, University of West Virginia , Morgantown, WV , USA.
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chi
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Rochester Radiation Oncology Group , Rochester, NY , USA.
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Godinez
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Akron City Hospital , Akron, OH , USA.
authors.forename: Anand
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Desai
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Richard A. Henson Institute , Salisbury, ML , USA.
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Woods
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Camden Clark Cancer Center , Parkersburg, WV , USA.
authors.forename: Gabor
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Altdorfer
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, University Cancer Centers , Houston, TX , USA.
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: D'Andrea
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Marshfield Clinic , Marshfield, WI , USA.
authors.forename: Ulf
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Karlsson
authors.affiliation: University of Galveston School of Medicine , Galveston, TX , USA.
authors.forename: Richard A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Vo
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Dartmouth College , Hanover, NH , USA.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sroka
keywords: high-risk; hypofractionation; image-guided radiotherapy; prostate cancer