title: Interfacial fracture toughness of aged adhesive-dentin interfaces.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess interfacial fracture toughness of different adhesive approaches and compare to a standard micro-tensile bond-strength (μTBS) test after 6 months water storage.
  
  
  METHODS
  Chevron-notched beam fracture toughness (CNB) was determined using a modified ISO 24370:2005 standard. Adhesive-dentin micro-specimens (1.0 mm × 1.0 mm × 8-10 mm) were stressed in tensile until failure to determine the micro-tensile bond strength (μTBS).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The highest mean μTBS and interfacial fracture toughness were measured for the multi-step adhesives Clearfil SE Bond (Kuraray Noritake) and OptiBond FL (Kerr). While large differences were observed in the bond strength values (from 7.4 to 27.2 MPa) of the one-step self-etch adhesives tested, interfacial fracture toughness was less different (from 0.7 to 1.0 MPam(1/2)). The adhesive with the lowest mean toughness (All-bond Universal, Bisco) had however the highest Weibull reliability, which might be a better parameter in regard to more consistent clinical performance. The self-adhesive composite Vertise Flow (Kerr) scored significantly lower at all levels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although the ranking of the adhesives tested using CNB and μTBS corresponded well, the outcome of CNB appeared more reliable and less variable.
authors.affiliation: KULeuven - BIOMAT, Department of Oral Health Sciences, KULeuven (University of Leuven) & Dentistry, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium. Electronic address: jan.demunck@med.kuleuven.be.
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: De Munck
authors.affiliation: KULeuven - BIOMAT, Department of Oral Health Sciences, KULeuven (University of Leuven) & Dentistry, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
authors.forename: André
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Poitevin
authors.affiliation: KULeuven - BIOMAT, Department of Oral Health Sciences, KULeuven (University of Leuven) & Dentistry, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Conservative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
authors.forename: Anne-Katrin
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Lührs
authors.affiliation: KULeuven - BIOMAT, Department of Oral Health Sciences, KULeuven (University of Leuven) & Dentistry, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
authors.forename: Pong
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pongprueksa
authors.affiliation: KULeuven - BIOMAT, Department of Oral Health Sciences, KULeuven (University of Leuven) & Dentistry, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
authors.forename: Annelies
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Van Ende
authors.affiliation: KULeuven - BIOMAT, Department of Oral Health Sciences, KULeuven (University of Leuven) & Dentistry, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
authors.forename: Kirsten L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Van Landuyt
authors.affiliation: KULeuven - BIOMAT, Department of Oral Health Sciences, KULeuven (University of Leuven) & Dentistry, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
authors.forename: Bart
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Van Meerbeek
mesh_terms: D003188:Composite Resins / Q000737:chemistry*; D001840:Dental Bonding / Q000379:methods*; D019232:Dental Restoration Failure; D003799:Dental Stress Analysis; D008422:Materials Testing; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D019279:Resin Cements / Q000737:chemistry*; D013499:Surface Properties; D013718:Tensile Strength; D013997:Time Factors; D014867:Water
chemical_list: C438313:Clearfil SE Bond; D003188:Composite Resins; C469607:OptiBond FL; D019279:Resin Cements; C581746:vertise flow; D014867:Water
keywords: Adhesive; CNB; Dentin; Fracture toughness; Micro-tensile bond strength; Water storage