title: Cardiac MRI in patients with complex CHD following primary or secondary implantation of MRI-conditional pacemaker system.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In patients with CHD, cardiac MRI is often indicated for functional and anatomical assessment. With the recent introduction of MRI-conditional pacemaker systems, cardiac MRI has become accessible for patients with pacemakers. The present clinical study aims to evaluate safety, susceptibility artefacts, and image reading of cardiac MRI in patients with CHD and MRI-conditional pacemaker systems. Material and methods CHD patients with MRI-conditional pacemaker systems and a clinical need for cardiac MRI were examined with a 1.5-T MRI system. Lead function was tested before and after MRI. Artefacts and image readings were evaluated using a four-point grading scale.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of nine patients with CHD (mean age 34.0 years, range 19.5-53.6 years) received a total of 11 cardiac MRI examinations. Owing to clinical indications, seven patients had previously been converted from conventional to MRI-conditional pacemaker systems. All MRI examinations were completed without adverse effects. Device testing immediately after MRI and at follow-up showed no alteration of pacemaker device and lead function. Clinical questions could be addressed and answered in all patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cardiac MRI can be performed safely with high certainty of diagnosis in CHD patients with MRI-conditional pacemaker systems. In case of clinically indicated lead and box changing, CHD patients with non-MRI-conditional pacemaker systems should be considered for complete conversion to MRI-conditional systems.
authors.affiliation: 1Department of Congenital Heart Disease/Pediatric Cardiology,Deutsches Herzzentrum Berlin,Berlin,Germany.
authors.forename: Nadya
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Al-Wakeel
authors.affiliation: 1Department of Congenital Heart Disease/Pediatric Cardiology,Deutsches Herzzentrum Berlin,Berlin,Germany.
authors.forename: Darach
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: O h-Ici
authors.affiliation: 1Department of Congenital Heart Disease/Pediatric Cardiology,Deutsches Herzzentrum Berlin,Berlin,Germany.
authors.forename: Katharina R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Schmitt
authors.affiliation: 1Department of Congenital Heart Disease/Pediatric Cardiology,Deutsches Herzzentrum Berlin,Berlin,Germany.
authors.forename: Daniel R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Messroghli
authors.affiliation: 1Department of Congenital Heart Disease/Pediatric Cardiology,Deutsches Herzzentrum Berlin,Berlin,Germany.
authors.forename: Eugénie
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Riesenkampff
authors.affiliation: 1Department of Congenital Heart Disease/Pediatric Cardiology,Deutsches Herzzentrum Berlin,Berlin,Germany.
authors.forename: Felix
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Berger
authors.affiliation: 1Department of Congenital Heart Disease/Pediatric Cardiology,Deutsches Herzzentrum Berlin,Berlin,Germany.
authors.forename: Titus
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kuehne
authors.affiliation: 1Department of Congenital Heart Disease/Pediatric Cardiology,Deutsches Herzzentrum Berlin,Berlin,Germany.
authors.forename: Bjoern
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Peters
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006329:Heart Conduction System / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology*; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D019028:Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Cine / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010138:Pacemaker, Artificial; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: CHD; MRI; MRI-conditional pacemaker; cardiac MRI