title: The effectiveness of Narrative Exposure Therapy with traumatised firefighters in Saudi Arabia: a randomized controlled study.
abstract: Firefighters are exposed to many traumatic events. The psychological costs of this exposure increase the risk of Post-Traumatic Stress disorder (PTSD), depression and anxiety. This study examined the effectiveness of Narrative Exposure Therapy (NET) as a short-term treatment for reducing PTSD symptoms among Saudi firefighters. A randomized waiting-list control study was conducted with 34 traumatized firefighters were randomly allocated to NET or Waiting-list Control (WLC). The NET group received four therapy sessions of 60-90 min over a three-week period; those in the WLC condition received the same sessions after a three-week waiting period. Participants in both groups were assessed at baseline, immediately post-intervention and at 3 and 6 month follow ups. NET led to significant reductions in PTSD symptoms, anxiety and depression compared with WLC. After the WLC group received treatment, it showed the same improvements as the NET group. This occurred immediately post-treatment in both groups, but was not sustained at 3 and 6 month follow ups. Coping strategies and social support led to significant changes only in follow up times. NET was effective in reducing PTSD symptoms in traumatised Saudi firefighters. This finding could be helpful in the management of PTSD among people who work as first responders such as firefighters, police officers and emergency medical personal, as well as security officers.
authors.affiliation: Division of Psychiatry and Applied Psychology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, NG8 1BB, UK. Electronic address: lwxmaal@nottingham.co.uk.
authors.forename: Mohammed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Alghamdi
authors.affiliation: Division of Psychiatry and Applied Psychology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, NG8 1BB, UK. Electronic address: nigel.hunt@nottingham.co.uk.
authors.forename: Nigel
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hunt
authors.affiliation: Division of Rehabilitation and Ageing, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK. Electronic address: shirley.thomas@nottingham.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Shirley
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Thomas
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001007:Anxiety / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy; D003863:Depression / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy; D061388:Firefighters / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D007171:Implosive Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D062525:Narrative Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D012529:Saudi Arabia; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Exposure; Firefighter; Narrative; PTSD; Therapy