title: Assessment of honking impact on traffic noise in urban traffic environment of Nagpur, India.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In context of increasing traffic noise in urban India, the objective of the research study is to assess noise due to heterogeneous traffic conditions and the impact of honking on it.
  
  
  METHODS
  Traffic volume, noise levels, honking, road geometry and vehicular speed were measured on national highway, major and minor roads in Nagpur, India.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Initial study showed lack of correlation between traffic volume and equivalent noise due to some factors, later identified as honking, road geometry and vehicular speed. Further, frequency analysis of traffic noise showed that honking contributed an additional 2 to 5 dB (A) noise, which is quite significant. Vehicular speed was also found to increase traffic noise. Statistical method of analysis of variance (ANOVA) confirms that frequent honking (p < 0.01) and vehicular speed (p < 0.05) have substantial impact on traffic noise apart from traffic volume and type of road.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study suggests that honking must also be a component in traffic noise assessment and to identify and monitor "No Honking" zones in urban agglomerations.
authors.affiliation: Environmental System Design and Modeling Division, CSIR-NEERI, Nagpur, 440020 Maharashtra India.
authors.forename: Ritesh
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Vijay
authors.affiliation: Environmental System Design and Modeling Division, CSIR-NEERI, Nagpur, 440020 Maharashtra India.
authors.forename: Asheesh
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.affiliation: Civil Engineering Department, VNIT, Nagpur, 440010 Maharashtra India.
authors.forename: Tapan
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Chakrabarti
authors.affiliation: Civil Engineering Department, VNIT, Nagpur, 440010 Maharashtra India.
authors.forename: Rajesh
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gupta
keywords: Honking; Traffic noise; Traffic volume; Vehicular speed