title: Reoperation After Holmium Laser Enucleation of the Prostate for Management of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: Assessment of Risk Factors with Time to Event Analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine risk factors of reoperation after holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP) for management of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) secondary to benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) with time to event analysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospectively maintained database was reviewed for patients undergoing HoLEP. Baseline and follow-up data were compared in terms of International Prostate Symptoms Score, quality of life, peak flow rate, residual urine, and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) at 1, 6, and 12-months and then annually. Perioperative and late adverse events were recorded. Reoperation was defined as the need for any surgical intervention to relieve bothersome LUTS after HoLEP. Multivariate logistic regression was used to determine covariates associated with reoperation and the Kaplan-Meier curve assessed the time to reoperation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 1216 HoLEP procedures were performed between March 1998 and October 2013 with a mean prostate volume of 94.8 ± 52.7 cc. Catheter time and hospital stay were 1.4 ± 1.9 and 1.3 ± 1.6 days, respectively. After a median follow-up of 7.6 years (1-14 years), 52 (4.3%) patients needed reoperation for recurrent LUTS, including 13 (1.07%) for residual/recurrent adenoma, 14 (1.15%) for bladder neck contracture (BNC), and 25 (2.05%) for de novo urethral stricture. In multivariate regression, smaller prostate size (< 62 cc), PSA reduction < 50%, and history of previous prostate surgery were significantly associated with recurrence of adenoma. BNC was significantly associated with smaller glands (< 54 cc) while longer operative time and postoperative catheterization were significantly associated with urethral stricture. Kaplan-Meier curve demonstrates post-HoLEP freedom from reoperation of 96.9% at 5 years and 95.1% at 10 years.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In a single center large series, HoLEP has 95% reoperation-free probability at 10 years. Relatively small-size prostate may have an impact on recurrence of adenoma and bladder neck contracture. PSA reduction < 50% was significantly associated with recurrence of adenoma while longer operative time and postoperative catheterization were significantly associated with postoperative urethral stricture.
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, McGill University Health Centre , Montreal, Quebec, Canada .|2 Department of Urology, Suez Canal University , Ismailia, Egypt .
authors.forename: Mohamed A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Elkoushy
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, McGill University Health Centre , Montreal, Quebec, Canada .|3 Urology and Nephrology Center, Mansoura University , Mansoura, Egypt .
authors.forename: Ahmed M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Elshal
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, McGill University Health Centre , Montreal, Quebec, Canada .
authors.forename: Mostafa M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Elhilali
mesh_terms: D000236:Adenoma / Q000601:surgery; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D006695:Holmium / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D053685:Laser Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D053844:Lasers, Solid-State / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007902:Length of Stay; D016015:Logistic Models; D059411:Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000601:surgery; D061646:Operative Time; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000209:etiology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen; D011468:Prostatectomy / Q000379:methods; D011470:Prostatic Hyperplasia / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery*; D011788:Quality of Life; D012086:Reoperation / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012307:Risk Factors; D020728:Transurethral Resection of Prostate / Q000379:methods; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000601:surgery
chemical_list: D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen; D006695:Holmium