title: IDH mutation status and role of WHO grade and mitotic index in overall survival in grade II-III diffuse gliomas.
abstract: Diffuse gliomas are up till now graded based upon morphology. Recent findings indicate that isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutation status defines biologically distinct groups of tumors. The role of tumor grade and mitotic index in patient outcome has not been evaluated following stratification by IDH mutation status. To address this, we interrogated 558 WHO grade II-III diffuse gliomas for IDH1/2 mutations and investigated the prognostic impact of WHO grade within IDH-mutant and IDH-wild type tumor subsets independently. The prognostic impact of grade was modest in IDH-mutant [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.21, 95 % confidence interval (CI) = 0.91-1.61] compared to IDH-wild type tumors (HR = 1.74, 95 % CI = 0.95-3.16). Using a dichotomized mitotic index cut-off of 4/1000 tumor cells, we found that while mitotic index was significantly associated with outcome in IDH-wild type tumors (log-rank p < 0.0001, HR = 4.41, 95 % CI = 2.55-7.63), it was not associated with outcome in IDH-mutant tumors (log-rank p = 0.5157, HR = 1.10, 95 % CI = 0.80-1.51), and could demonstrate a statistical interaction (p < 0.0001) between IDH mutation and mitotic index (i.e., suggesting that the effect of mitotic index on patient outcome is dependent on IDH mutation status). Patient age, an established prognostic factor in diffuse glioma, was significantly associated with outcome only in the IDH-wild type subset, and consistent with prior data, 1p/19q co-deletion conferred improved outcome in the IDH-mutant cohort. These findings suggest that stratification of grade II-III gliomas into subsets defined by the presence or absence of IDH mutation leads to subgroups with distinct prognostic characteristics. Further evaluation of grading criteria and prognostic markers is warranted within IDH-mutant versus IDH-wild type diffuse grade II-III gliomas as independent entities.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, G1.3510, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX, 77030, USA, adriana_olar@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Adriana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Olar
authors.forename: Khalida M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Wani
authors.forename: Kristin D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Alfaro-Munoz
authors.forename: Lindsey E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Heathcock
authors.forename: Hinke F
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: van Thuijl
authors.forename: Mark R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Gilbert
authors.forename: Terri S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Armstrong
authors.forename: Erik P
authors.initials: EP
authors.lastname: Sulman
authors.forename: Daniel P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Cahill
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Vera-Bolanos
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.forename: Jaap C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Reijneveld
authors.forename: Bauke
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ylstra
authors.forename: Pieter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wesseling
authors.forename: Kenneth D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Aldape
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics*; D002872:Chromosome Deletion; D002878:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1 / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D005910:Glioma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D007521:Isocitrate Dehydrogenase / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008940:Mitotic Index; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016019:Survival Analysis; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D007521:Isocitrate Dehydrogenase