title: Long-term Exercise Adherence After High-intensity Interval Training in Cardiac Rehabilitation: A Randomized Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Exercise adherence in general is reported to be problematic after cardiac rehabilitation. Additionally, vigorous exercise is associated with impaired exercise adherence. As high-intensity interval training (HIT) is frequently used as a therapy to patients with coronary artery disease in cardiac rehabilitation, the objective was to assess long-term exercise adherence following an HIT cardiac rehabilitation programme.
  
  
  METHODS
  A multicentre randomized study was carried out. Eligible participants were adults who had previously attended a 12-week HIT cardiac rehabilitation programme, as either a home-based or hospital-based HIT (treadmill exercise or group exercise). The primary outcome was change in peak oxygen uptake; secondary outcomes were self-reported and objectively measured physical activity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Out of 83 eligible participants, 76 were available for assessment (68 men/8 women, mean age 59 (8) years) at a one-year follow-up. Peak oxygen uptake was significantly elevated above baseline values, (treadmill exercise: 35.8 (6.4) vs. 37.4 (7.4) ml kg(-1)  min(-1) , group exercise: 32.7 (6.5) vs. 34.1 (5.8) ml kg(-1)  min(-1) and home-based exercise: 34.5 (4.9) vs. 36.7 (5.8) ml kg(-1)  min(-1) at baseline and follow-up, respectively), with no significant differences between groups. The majority of the participants (>90%) met the recommended daily level of 30 minutes of moderate physical activity. The home-based group showed a strong trend towards increased physical activity compared with the hospital-based groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results from this study have shown that both home-based and hospital-based HIT in cardiac rehabilitation induce promising long-term exercise adherence, with maintenance of peak oxygen uptake significantly above baseline values at a one-year follow-up. The implication for physiotherapy practice is that HIT in cardiac rehabilitation induces satisfactory long-term exercise adherence.
authors.affiliation: K.G. Jebsen Center of Exercise in Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.|Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.|Department of Clinical Services, St. Olav's University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.
authors.forename: Inger-Lise
authors.initials: IL
authors.lastname: Aamot
authors.affiliation: K.G. Jebsen Center of Exercise in Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.|Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
authors.forename: Trine
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Karlsen
authors.affiliation: Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.|Department of Medicine, Levanger Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Health Trust, Levanger, Norway.
authors.forename: Håvard
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Dalen
authors.affiliation: Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.|Department of Cardiology, St. Olav's University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.
authors.forename: Asbjørn
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Støylen
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000072038:Cardiac Rehabilitation / Q000379:methods*; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D005080:Exercise Test / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D000072696:High-Intensity Interval Training / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008134:Long-Term Care; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000502:physiology; D010349:Patient Compliance / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012737:Sex Factors; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: coronary artery disease; patient compliance; secondary prevention