title: Prediction of prevalent but not incident non-alcoholic fatty liver disease by levels of serum testosterone.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The association between testosterone level and development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is not well known. We examined the relationship of total testosterone level with development and regression of NAFLD.
  
  
  METHODS
  Among the men who had undergone repeated liver ultrasonography in 2 years or more at a health promotion center, subjects with available serum testosterone level at baseline were included in the study. Alcohol consumers (> 20 g/day) were excluded from the study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among the 1944 men, 44.3% of subjects were diagnosed with NAFLD. Higher level of testosterone significantly lowered the prevalence of fatty liver (odds ratios per SD increase, 0.686 and 0.795 at baseline and follow-up, respectively). During the median 4.2 years follow-up, 22.4% of subjects in the normal group developed fatty liver, and 21.0% of subjects in the NAFLD group recovered at the follow-up. In longitudinal analyses, higher level of testosterone was significantly associated with the development or regression of fatty liver, before adjustment for obesity and metabolic parameters. However, in the full-adjusted model, testosterone level did not influence the development or regression of fatty liver.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although testosterone level was significantly low in the subjects with NAFLD in cross-sectional analyses, baseline testosterone level did not independently influence the development or regression of fatty liver at the median 4.2 years follow-up. Obesity and metabolic parameters may play key roles in the link between testosterone level and NAFLD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, South Korea.
authors.forename: Nam Kyoung
authors.initials: NK
authors.lastname: Seo
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, South Korea.
authors.forename: Hyung Suk
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Koo
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, South Korea.
authors.forename: Ji-Hee
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Haam
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, South Korea.
authors.forename: Hyung Yuk
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, South Korea.
authors.forename: Moon Jong
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, South Korea.
authors.forename: Kyung-Chae
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, South Korea.
authors.forename: Kye-Seon
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, South Korea.
authors.forename: Young-Sang
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7397-5410
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D065626:Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D009765:Obesity; D015995:Prevalence; D013739:Testosterone / Q000097:blood*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D013739:Testosterone
keywords: non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; obesity; testosterone