title: Prevalence of depressive symptoms in patients with cleft lip and palate.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P) represent the most common congenital anomalies of the face.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the prevalence of depressive symptoms in children and adolescents with nonsyndromic cleft lip and/or palate (nsCL/P).
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted an observational, case-control study, with a case study group composed of 61 patients with nsCL/P, aged 7-17 years, and a control group of 61 clinically normal patients. Both groups were selected at the same institution.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Depressive symptoms were observed in the case group (nsCL/P), but there were no statistically significant differences compared to the control group. No association was found between the two groups (case and control) in relation to sociodemographic variables: gender, age and education.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study identified the prevalence of depressive symptoms in children and adolescents with nsCL/P from a localized geographic population, although the results were not statistically significant when compared to the control group, not justifying the use of CDI (Child Depression Inventory) as a screening instrument for depressive symptoms in the examined population.
authors.affiliation: Hospital Universitário Clemente de Farias, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros (UNIMONTES), Montes Claros, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Leonardo Santos
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Lima
authors.affiliation: Universidade José do Rosário Vellano (UNIFENAS), Alfenas, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Gustavo Silveira
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Ribeiro
authors.affiliation: Hospital Universitário Clemente de Farias, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros (UNIMONTES), Montes Claros, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Sibele Nascimento de
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Aquino
authors.affiliation: Fundação Hospitalar do Estado de Minas Gerais (FHEMIG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Fernando Madalena
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Volpe
authors.affiliation: Hospital Universitário Clemente de Farias, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros (UNIMONTES), Montes Claros, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Daniella Reis Barbosa
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Martelli
authors.affiliation: Universidade José do Rosário Vellano (UNIFENAS), Alfenas, MG, Brazil; Centro Pró-Sorriso, Alfenas, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Mário Sérgio Oliveira
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Swerts
authors.affiliation: Hospital Universitário Clemente de Farias, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros (UNIMONTES), Montes Claros, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Lívia Maris Ribeiro
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Paranaíba
authors.affiliation: Hospital Universitário Clemente de Farias, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros (UNIMONTES), Montes Claros, MG, Brazil; Centro Pró-Sorriso, Alfenas, MG, Brazil. Electronic address: hmjunior2000@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Hercílio
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Martelli Júnior
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D002648:Child; D002971:Cleft Lip / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D002972:Cleft Palate / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D003863:Depression / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D004812:Epidemiologic Methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D066252:Sociological Factors
keywords: Adolescent; Adolescente; Child; Cleft lip; Cleft palate; Criança; Depression; Depressão; Fenda labial; Fissura palatina