title: Normal values of Hertel exophthalmometry in a Chinese Han population from Shenyang, Northeast China.
abstract: Aims of this study were to determine the normal range of absolute and relative Hertel exophthalmometric values (EVs) in a Chinese Han population. This population-based cross-sectional study consisted of 2010 healthy Han Chinese (1051 females and 959 males) aged between 8-87 years living in Shenyang, Northeast China, including 515 children (aged 8-14 years), 517 teenagers (aged 15-19 years), 582 adults (aged 20-69 years) and 396 elderly (aged 70-87 years). A Hertel exophthalmometer was used by the same physician for the measurement of EV and inter-orbital distance (IOD). For the entire study population, the Hertel EVs ranged from 10 mm to 22 mm; the mean EVs for the left eye (OS) and right eye (OD) were 15.0 ± 1.9 mm and 15.0 ± 2.0 mm, respectively; the upper normal limits of the EVs (mean + 2 SD) for OS and OD were 18.8 mm and 19.0 mm, respectively; the mean relative EV was 0.20 ± 0.43 mm. Age, but not sex, had a significant effect on the EV. We concluded that our study provides normative ophthalmic data in a Chinese Han population. The normal EVs, asymmetry and IOD values have been established for clinical reference.
authors.affiliation: 1] Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Endocrine Institute and The Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110001, People's Republic of China [2] Department of Cadre, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenyang Medical College (Shenyang 242 Hospital), Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110034, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Endocrine Institute and The Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110001, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Endocrine Institute and The Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110001, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Di
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Shenyang He Eye Hospital, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110001, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Di
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Endocrine Institute and The Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110001, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Haixia
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Guan
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Endocrine Institute and The Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110001, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Zhongyan
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Shan
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Endocrine Institute and The Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110001, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Weiping
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Teng
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D044466:Asian People; D002648:Child; D002681:China; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005094:Exophthalmos / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009799:Ocular Physiological Phenomena; D012016:Reference Values; D012737:Sex Factors; D055815:Young Adult