title: Investigation of the role of the calvin cycle and C1 metabolism during HCHO metabolism in gaseous HCHO-treated petunia under light and dark conditions using 13C-NMR.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  It has been shown that formaldehyde (HCHO) absorbed by plants can be assimilated through the Calvin cycle or C1 metabolism. Our previous study indicated that Petunia hybrida could effectively eliminate HCHO from HCHO-polluted air.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To understand the roles of C1 metabolism and the Calvin cycle during HCHO metabolism and detoxification in petunia plants treated with gaseous H(13)CHO under light and dark conditions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Aseptically grown petunia plants were treated with gaseous H(13)CHO under dark and light conditions. The metabolites generated from HCHO detoxification in petunia were investigated using (13)C-NMR.
  
  
  RESULTS
  [2-(13)C]glycine (Gly) was generated via C1 metabolism and [U-(13)C]glucose (Gluc) was produced through the Calvin cycle simultaneously in petunia treated with low-level gaseous H(13)CHO under light conditions. Generation of [2-(13)C]Gly decreased whereas [U-(13) C]Gluc and [U-(13)C]fructose (Fruc) production increased greatly under high-level gaseous H(13)CHO stress in the light. In contrast, [U-(13)C]Gluc and [U-(13)C] Fruc production decreased greatly and [2-(13)C]Gly generation increased significantly under low-level and high-level gaseous H(13)CHO stress in the dark.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  C1 metabolism and the Calvin cycle contributed differently to HCHO metabolism and detoxification in gaseous H(13CHO-treated petunia plants. As the level of gaseous HCHO increased, the role of C1 metabolism decreased and the role of the Calvin cycle increased under light conditions. However, opposite changes were observed in petunia plants under dark conditions.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Chenggong, Kunming, 650500, China; Faculty of Life Science and Biotechnology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Chenggong, Kunming, 650500, China.
authors.forename: Huiqun
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Lijuan
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: Shuang
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Xinjia
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Shengen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Kunzhi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Limei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D002247:Carbon Isotopes; D005557:Formaldehyde / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005632:Fructose / Q000378:metabolism; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D005998:Glycine / Q000378:metabolism; D008027:Light; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy / Q000379:methods; D032306:Petunia / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D010788:Photosynthesis / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D002247:Carbon Isotopes; D005557:Formaldehyde; D005632:Fructose; D005947:Glucose; D005998:Glycine
keywords: Calvin cycle; Gly-generated pathway; formaldehyde metabolism; gaseous formaldehyde stress; petunia