title: Pubertal development in children diagnosed with diabetes mellitus type 1 before puberty.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate an association between pubertal development and timing of menarche with glycemic control, disease duration, and body mass index (BMI) in patients diagnosed with diabetes mellitus type 1 (DM1) before puberty.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective study.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was performed at the diabetes outpatient clinic of Instituto de Puericultura e Pediatria Martagão Gesteira--IPPMG of the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro--UFRJ.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 131 children, 61 girls and 70 boys, diagnosed with DM1 before puberty participated in the study.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study investigated how age at puberty onset relates to mean glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) before puberty, BMI percentile, and disease duration; how puberty duration relates to mean HbA1c before and during puberty and to disease duration; and how timing of menarche relates to mean HbA1c before puberty, BMI percentile, and disease duration.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Age at puberty onset was positively correlated with mean HbA1c before puberty (r = 0.204, R(2) = 0.042; P = .019) and disease duration (r = 0.451, R(2) = 0.203; P < .0001), and negatively correlated with BMI percentile (r = -0.289, R(2) = 0.084; P = .001). Timing of menarche was negatively correlated with BMI percentile (r = -0.556, R(2) = 0.310; P < .001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Children with longer disease duration began puberty later than those diagnosed more recently. Girls in higher BMI percentiles reached menarche sooner.
authors.forename: K C X
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.forename: B S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Pugliese
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Guimarães
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Gama
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D017668:Age of Onset; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002648:Child; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000097:blood / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008572:Menarche / Q000097:blood; D011627:Puberty / Q000097:blood*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin