title: Anemia in inflammatory bowel disease outpatients: prevalence, risk factors, and etiology.
abstract: Anemia is common in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, epidemiological studies of nonwestern IBD populations are limited and may be confounded by demographic, socioeconomic, and disease-related influences. This study evaluated the prevalence, risk factors, and etiology of anemia in Brazilian outpatients with IBD.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this cross-sectional study, 100 Crohn's disease (CD) patients and 100 ulcerative colitis (UC) subjects were assessed. Anemia workup included complete blood count, ferritin, transferrin saturation, serum levels of folic acid and vitamin B12, and C-reactive protein (CRP) concentration.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The overall prevalence of anemia in IBD was 21%. There was no significant difference in the prevalence of anemia between CD subjects (24%) and UC (18%). Moderate disease activity (OR: 3.48, 95% CI, 1.95-9.64, P = 0.002) and elevated CRP levels (OR: 1.8, 95% CI, 1.04-3.11, P = 0.02) were independently associated with anemia. The most common etiologies of anemia found in both groups were iron deficiency anemia (IDA; 10% on CD and 6% on UC) followed by the anemia of chronic disease (ACD; 6% for both groups).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In Brazilian IBD outpatients, anemia is highly concurrent condition. Disease moderate activity as well as increased CRP was strongly associated with comorbid anemia. IDA and/or ACD were the most common etiologies.
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Inflammatory Bowel Diseases Center, University Hospital of the Federal University of Juiz de Fora, University of Juiz de Fora School of Medicine, Avenida Eugênio do Nascimento s/n°, Dom Bosco, 36038-330 Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Carla Valéria de Alvarenga
authors.initials: CV
authors.lastname: Antunes
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Inflammatory Bowel Diseases Center, University Hospital of the Federal University of Juiz de Fora, University of Juiz de Fora School of Medicine, Avenida Eugênio do Nascimento s/n°, Dom Bosco, 36038-330 Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Abrahão Elias
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Hallack Neto
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Inflammatory Bowel Diseases Center, University Hospital of the Federal University of Juiz de Fora, University of Juiz de Fora School of Medicine, Avenida Eugênio do Nascimento s/n°, Dom Bosco, 36038-330 Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Cristiano Rodrigo de Alvarenga
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Nascimento
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Inflammatory Bowel Diseases Center, University Hospital of the Federal University of Juiz de Fora, University of Juiz de Fora School of Medicine, Avenida Eugênio do Nascimento s/n°, Dom Bosco, 36038-330 Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Liliana Andrade
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Chebli
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Inflammatory Bowel Diseases Center, University Hospital of the Federal University of Juiz de Fora, University of Juiz de Fora School of Medicine, Avenida Eugênio do Nascimento s/n°, Dom Bosco, 36038-330 Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ivana Lúcia Damásio
authors.initials: IL
authors.lastname: Moutinho
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Inflammatory Bowel Diseases Center, University Hospital of the Federal University of Juiz de Fora, University of Juiz de Fora School of Medicine, Avenida Eugênio do Nascimento s/n°, Dom Bosco, 36038-330 Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Bruno do Valle
authors.initials: Bdo V
authors.lastname: Pinheiro
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Inflammatory Bowel Diseases Center, University Hospital of the Federal University of Juiz de Fora, University of Juiz de Fora School of Medicine, Avenida Eugênio do Nascimento s/n°, Dom Bosco, 36038-330 Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Maycon Moura
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Reboredo
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Inflammatory Bowel Diseases Center, University Hospital of the Federal University of Juiz de Fora, University of Juiz de Fora School of Medicine, Avenida Eugênio do Nascimento s/n°, Dom Bosco, 36038-330 Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Carla
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Malaguti
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Inflammatory Bowel Diseases Center, University Hospital of the Federal University of Juiz de Fora, University of Juiz de Fora School of Medicine, Avenida Eugênio do Nascimento s/n°, Dom Bosco, 36038-330 Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Antonio Carlos Santana
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Castro
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Inflammatory Bowel Diseases Center, University Hospital of the Federal University of Juiz de Fora, University of Juiz de Fora School of Medicine, Avenida Eugênio do Nascimento s/n°, Dom Bosco, 36038-330 Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Júlio Maria Fonseca
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Chebli
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000740:Anemia / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D001772:Blood Cell Count; D001938:Brazil; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005293:Ferritins / Q000097:blood; D005492:Folic Acid / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D015212:Inflammatory Bowel Diseases / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010045:Outpatients; D012307:Risk Factors; D014168:Transferrin / Q000378:metabolism; D014805:Vitamin B 12 / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D014168:Transferrin; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D005293:Ferritins; D005492:Folic Acid; D014805:Vitamin B 12