title: Solvent jet desorption capillary photoionization-mass spectrometry.
abstract: A new ambient mass spectrometry method, solvent jet desorption capillary photoionization (DCPI), is described. The method uses a solvent jet generated by a coaxial nebulizer operated at ambient conditions with nitrogen as nebulizer gas. The solvent jet is directed onto a sample surface, from which analytes are extracted into the solvent and ejected from the surface in secondary droplets formed in collisions between the jet and the sample surface. The secondary droplets are directed into the heated capillary photoionization (CPI) device, where the droplets are vaporized and the gaseous analytes are ionized by 10 eV photons generated by a vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) krypton discharge lamp. As the CPI device is directly connected to the extended capillary inlet of the MS, high ion transfer efficiency to the vacuum of MS is achieved. The solvent jet DCPI provides several advantages: high sensitivity for nonpolar and polar compounds with limit of detection down to low fmol levels, capability of analyzing small and large molecules, and good spatial resolution (250 μm). Two ionization mechanisms are involved in DCPI: atmospheric pressure photoionization, capable of ionizing polar and nonpolar compounds, and solvent assisted inlet ionization capable of ionizing larger molecules like peptides. The feasibility of DCPI was successfully tested in the analysis of polar and nonpolar compounds in sage leaves and chili pepper.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Markus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Haapala
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Jaakko
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Teppo
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Elisa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ollikainen
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Iiro
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kiiski
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Anu
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vaikkinen
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Tiina J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Kauppila
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Risto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kostiainen
mesh_terms: D002212:Capsicum / Q000737:chemistry; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D013058:Mass Spectrometry / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D009330:Nebulizers and Vaporizers; D027543:Salvia officinalis / Q000737:chemistry; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry*; D014835:Volatilization
chemical_list: D012997:Solvents