title: Evaluation of the effects of ice massage applied to large intestine 4 (hegu) on postpartum pain during the active phase of labor.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The uterus continues to contract after childbirth. The pain caused by the contractions of the uterus can be as severe as labor pain. The study was aimed to evaluate the effects of ice massage applied to the large intestine 4 (LI4) on postpartum pain during the active phase of labor.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was designed as a randomized controlled trial with three groups and carried out in two stages. The study sample comprised of 150 pregnant women, who were referred to a maternity hospital. In the experimental group, ice massage was applied to LI4 during four contractions within the active phase of labor. In the placebo group, pressure was applied to LI4 using silicone balloons and the third group was the control group. The Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and The McGill (Melzack) Pain Questionnaire (MPQ) were compared among the experimental, placebo, and control groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mothers in the ice application group had the lowest mean VAS score. It was determined that ice massage applied to LI4 during the active phase of labor did not lead to any statistical differences in mothers in the first 24 hours postpartum in terms of the characteristics of the pain with MPQ and VAS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the study, the perception of pain was tried to be minimized by applying pressure with ice balloons to LI4. However, although the application was determined to have made no difference in the pain intensity, the mothers' statements in the ice application group suggested that they felt more comfortable than did the mothers in the other groups.
authors.affiliation: Department of Midwifery, Ege University Izmir Ataturk School of Health, Izmir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Hafize Ozturk
authors.initials: HO
authors.lastname: Can
authors.affiliation: Ege University Faculty of Nursing, Izmir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Aynur
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Saruhan
keywords: Hegu; ice massage; large intestine meridian point 4; postpartum pain