title: Amplification of pfmdr1, pfcrt, pvmdr1, and K13 propeller polymorphisms associated with Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax isolates from the China-Myanmar border.
abstract: Malaria in the China-Myanmar border region is still severe; local transmission of both falciparum and vivax malaria persists, and there is a risk of geographically expanding antimalarial resistance. In this research, the pfmdr1, pfcrt, pvmdr1, and K13-propeller genotypes were determined in 26 Plasmodium falciparum and 64 Plasmodium vivax isolates from Yingjiang county of Yunnan province. The pfmdr1 (11.5%), pfcrt (34.6%), and pvmdr1 (3.1%) mutations were prevalent at the China-Myanmar border. The indigenous samples exhibited prevalences of 14.3%, 28.6%, and 14.3% for pfmdr1 N86Y, pfcrt K76T, and pfcrt M74I, respectively, whereas the samples from Myanmar showed prevalences of 10.5%, 21.1%, and 5.3%, respectively. The most prevalent genotypes of pfmdr1 and pfcrt were Y86Y184 and M74N75T76, respectively. No pvmdr1 mutation occurred in the indigenous samples but was observed in two cases coming from Myanmar. In addition, we are the first to report on 10 patients (38.5%) with five different K13 point mutations. The F446I allele is predominant (19.2%), and its prevalence was 28.6% in the indigenous samples of Yingjiang county and 15.8% in samples from Myanmar. The present data might be helpful for enrichment of the molecular surveillance of antimalarial resistance and useful for developing and updating guidance for the use of antimalarials in this region.
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, MOH and WHO Collaborating Centre for Malaria, Schistosomiasis and Filariasis, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.affiliation: Yingjiang County Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Yunnan, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Daili
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Yingjiang County Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Yunnan, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yingxue
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, MOH and WHO Collaborating Centre for Malaria, Schistosomiasis and Filariasis, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Huihui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, MOH and WHO Collaborating Centre for Malaria, Schistosomiasis and Filariasis, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: He
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, MOH and WHO Collaborating Centre for Malaria, Schistosomiasis and Filariasis, Shanghai, People's Republic of China nipdxzhg@163.com.
authors.forename: Zhigui
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Xia
mesh_terms: D002681:China; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D027425:ATP-Binding Cassette, Sub-Family C Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics*; D002052:Myanmar; D010963:Plasmodium falciparum / Q000235:genetics*; D010966:Plasmodium vivax / Q000235:genetics*; D017354:Point Mutation; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*; D015800:Protozoan Proteins / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins; D027425:ATP-Binding Cassette, Sub-Family C Proteins; D015800:Protozoan Proteins; C513498:Mdr1 protein, Plasmodium falciparum; C541684:Mdr1 protein, Plasmodium vivax; C416369:PfCRT protein, Plasmodium falciparum