title: Ongoing Screening and Treatment to Potentially Reduce Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor-Related Fatigue in Renal Cell Carcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) represents 1% to 4% of adult malignancies, and approximately 33% of patients with RCC present with metastatic disease and have a poor prognosis. Better understanding of RCC tumor biology has led to the development of several molecularly targeted agents, such as tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), to manage advanced disease. Although evolving data suggest these drugs may be beneficial in RCC, they are associated with significant toxicities. Cancer-related fatigue (CRF) is one of the most common toxicities associated with the TKIs used in RCC.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To review the incidence, pathophysiology, and management of CRF in patients with RCC who are undergoing targeted therapy with TKIs.
  
  
  METHODS
  A comprehensive database search was performed using PubMed, Ovid, Embase, and MEDLINE. References of all cited articles also were reviewed. Data from articles published between 1975 and June 2014 were considered. A narrative review regarding the incidence, pathophysiology, and management of CRF in patients with RCC undergoing targeted therapy with TKIs was performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CRF is one of the most common TKI toxicities in patients with metastatic RCC and often is the dose-limiting toxicity. Management of TKI-related CRF can be difficult and may necessitate various nonpharmacologic and pharmacologic interventions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  TKI-related CRF in patients with RCC is a highly distressing complication of cancer therapy. CRF can substantially influence drug compliance, the ability to maximally treat, and quality of life. It is important to recognize this common, yet frequently underdiagnosed complication and initiate appropriate management strategies, to increase the likelihood for optimal outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Internal Medicine, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.
authors.forename: Deepa
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Anand
authors.affiliation: Department of General Internal Medicine, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA. Electronic address: cescalan@mdanderson.org.
authors.forename: Carmen P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Escalante
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D005221:Fatigue / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases
keywords: Renal cell carcinoma; cancer-related fatigue; tyrosine kinase inhibitors