title: Video feedback compared to treatment as usual in families with parent-child interactions problems: a randomized controlled trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  For the first time to our knowledge, short- and long-term effects of a multi-site randomized-controlled trial (RCT) of video feedback of infant-parent interaction (VIPI) intervention in naturalistic settings are published. The intervention targets families with children younger than 2 years old and parent-child interactions problems. Outcome variables were 1) observed parent-child interactions and 2) parent-reported child social and emotional development. Between-group differences of the moderating effects of parental symptoms of depression, personality disorders traits, and demographic variables were investigated.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study had a parallel-group, consecutively randomized, single-blinded design; participants were recruited by health- and social workers. Seventy-five families received VIPI, and 57 families received treatment as usual (TAU). Videotapes of each parent-child interactions were obtained before treatment, right after treatment, and at a 6-month follow-up and coded according to Biringen's Emotional Availability Scales. Parental symptoms of depression and personality disorder traits were included as possible moderators.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Evidence of a short-term effect of VIPI treatment on parent-child interactions was established, especially among depressed parents and parents with problematic interactions-and, to some extent, among parents with dependent and paranoid personality disorder traits. A long-term positive effect of VIPI compared with TAU on child social/emotional development was also evident. In a secondary analysis, VIPI had a direct positive effect on the depressive symptoms of parents compared with TAU.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings of the study support the use of VIPI as an intervention in families with interaction difficulties.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN99793905.
authors.affiliation: Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare - Central Norway, Faculty of Medicine, The Norwegian University of Science and Technology, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway ; St Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Division of Psychiatry, Trondheim, Norway.
authors.forename: Magnhild Singstad
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Høivik
authors.affiliation: Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare - Central Norway, Faculty of Medicine, The Norwegian University of Science and Technology, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway.
authors.forename: Stian
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lydersen
authors.affiliation: Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare - Central Norway, Faculty of Medicine, The Norwegian University of Science and Technology, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway.
authors.forename: May Britt
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Drugli
authors.affiliation: National Network for Infant Mental Health, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Ragnhild
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Onsøien
authors.affiliation: National Network for Infant Mental Health, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Marit Bergum
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Hansen
authors.affiliation: Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare - Central Norway, Faculty of Medicine, The Norwegian University of Science and Technology, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway ; The Center for Child and Adolescent Mental Health, Eastern and Southern Norway, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Turid Suzanne Berg-
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Nielsen
keywords: Child; Intervention; Parent; RCT; Video feedback