title: Intimate partner violence and depressive symptoms in pregnant Mexican women: national survey results.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyze the link between intimate partner violence (IPV) reported in the past year and depressive symptoms in pregnant Mexican women.
  
  
  METHODS
  The data were obtained from the National Addictions Survey (ENA) 2008. For the purposes of this paper, we analyzed a sample of women over 18 who reported being pregnant at the time of the interview (n = 250). When this number is weighted at the population level, it represents 881,575 women across the country. The χ2 test was used to analyze demographic characteristics, prevalence of depressive symptoms and intimate partner violence. A multiple logistic regression was performed to estimate predictors of depressive symptoms during pregnancy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of any type of intimate partner violence (IPV) was 5.4% and of depressive symptoms was 16.2% (CES-D ≥ 16). A total of 53.4% of pregnant women who reported IPV during the past year had depressive symptoms whereas this occurred in 14.1% of those who had not been victimized. The variables that predicted depressive symptoms during pregnancy were having been a victim of IPV (OR = 6.23) and having nine years or less of schooling (OR = 5.26). Working outside the home and family income level did not increase the risk of depressive symptoms in this population.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This population study, representative at the national level, provides an initial overview of the link between intimate partner violence and depressive symptoms in pregnant women in México. The results highlight the need to expand research on the topics covered, as well as to detect both phenomena in a timely manner during pregnancy in order to propose the necessary care.
authors.affiliation: Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente-Muñiz.
authors.forename: Ma Asunción
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Lara
authors.forename: Guillermina
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Natera-Rey
authors.forename: Shoshana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Berenzon
authors.forename: Francisco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Juárez-García
authors.forename: Jorge Ameth
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Villatoro-Velázquez
authors.forename: Lourdes
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Nieto
authors.forename: Ma Elena
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Medina-Mora
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003863:Depression / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008800:Mexico / Q000453:epidemiology; D011247:Pregnancy; D015995:Prevalence; D012747:Sexual Partners; D013179:Spouse Abuse / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D055815:Young Adult