title: Association of major dietary patterns and blood pressure longitudinal change in Bangladesh.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Observational studies and clinical trials have shown associations of diet and high blood pressure (BP). However, prospective studies on the association between dietary patterns and longitudinal BP change are lacking, especially in low-income populations.
  
  
  METHODS
  We evaluated the association of dietary patterns and food groups with longitudinal change of BP in 10 389 participants in the Health Effects of Arsenic Longitudinal Study, with a median of 6.7 years of follow-up. Dietary information was obtained through a previously validated food-frequency questionnaire. BP was measured at baseline and at each biennial follow-up using the same method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Each standard deviation (SD) increase for the 'gourd vegetable' dietary pattern score was related to a slower annual change of 0.08, 0.04, and 0.05 mmHg in SBP, DBP, or pulse pressure, respectively. Each SD increase in the 'balanced' dietary pattern score was related to a decreasing annual change of 0.06 mmHg (P = 0.012) and 0.08 mmHg in SBP and pulse pressure (P < 0.001). On the contrary, one SD increase in 'western' dietary pattern score was related to a greater annual increase of 0.07 (P = 0.005) and 0.05 mmHg in SBP and pulse pressure (P = 0.013). Higher intake of fruits and vegetables was associated with a slower rate of change in annual SBP and pulse pressure, whereas higher meat intake was related to a more rapid increase in annual pulse pressure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings suggest that dietary patterns play a significant role in the rate of BP change over time in a low-income population.
authors.affiliation: aDepartment of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine bDepartment of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York City, New York, USA cU-Chicago Research Bangladesh, Ltd., Dhaka, Bangladesh dThe Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine eDepartment of biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York City, New York fDepartment of Health Studies, Medicine and Human Genetics and Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA. *Drs Habibul Ahsan and Yu Chen contributed equally to the writing of this article.
authors.forename: Jieying
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Mengling
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Faruque
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Parvez
authors.forename: Binhuan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Fen
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Mahbub
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Eunus
authors.forename: Sripal
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bangalore
authors.forename: Alauddin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ahmed
authors.forename: Tariqul
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Islam
authors.forename: Muhammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rakibuz-Zaman
authors.forename: Rabiul
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hasan
authors.forename: Golam
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sarwar
authors.forename: Diane
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Levy
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Argos
authors.forename: Molly
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Scannell Bryan
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Graziano
authors.forename: Richard B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Hayes
authors.forename: Habibul
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ahsan
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001459:Bangladesh / Q000453:epidemiology; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D003906:Developing Countries; D004032:Diet; D005260:Female; D005502:Food; D005638:Fruit; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011203:Poverty; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors; D014675:Vegetables