title: Cleaning of titanium substrates after application in a bioreactor.
abstract: Plain and microstructured cp-titanium samples were studied as possible biofilm reactor substrates. The biofilms were grown by exposition of the titanium samples to bacteria in a flow cell. As bacteria the rod shaped gram negative Pseudomonas fluorescens and the spherical gram negative Paracoccus seriniphilus were chosen. Afterward, the samples were cleaned in subsequent steps: First, with a standard solvent based cleaning procedure with acetone, isopropanol, and ultrapure water and second by oxygen plasma sputtering. It will be demonstrated by means of x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, fluorescence microscopy, and confocal laser scanning microscopy that oxygen plasma cleaning is a necessary and reliant tool to fully clean and restore titanium surfaces contaminated with a biofilm. The microstructured surfaces act beneficial to biofilm growth, while still being fully restorable after biofilm contamination. Scanning electron microscopy images additionally show, that the plasma process does not affect the microstructures. The presented data show the importance of the cleaning procedure. Just using solvents does not remove the biofilm and all its components reliably while a cleaning process by oxygen plasma regenerates the surfaces.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics and Research Centre OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany.
authors.forename: Mathias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fingerle
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics and Research Centre OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany.
authors.forename: Oliver
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Köhler
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics and Research Centre OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany.
authors.forename: Christina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rösch
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics and Research Centre OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany.
authors.forename: Fabian
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kratz
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics and Research Centre OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany.
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Scheibe
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics and Research Centre OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany.
authors.forename: Neda
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Davoudi
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics and Research Centre OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany.
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Müller-Renno
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics and Research Centre OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany.
authors.forename: Christiane
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ziegler
authors.affiliation: Institute of Bioprocess Engineering, University of Kaiserslautern, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany.
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Huster
authors.affiliation: Institute of Bioprocess Engineering, University of Kaiserslautern, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany.
authors.forename: Christin
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Schlegel
authors.affiliation: Institute of Bioprocess Engineering, University of Kaiserslautern, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany.
authors.forename: Roland
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ulber
authors.affiliation: Institute for Manufacturing Technology and Production Systems, University of Kaiserslautern, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bohley
authors.affiliation: Institute for Manufacturing Technology and Production Systems, University of Kaiserslautern, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany.
authors.forename: Jan C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Aurich
mesh_terms: D018441:Biofilms / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D019149:Bioreactors / Q000382:microbiology; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism; D010230:Paracoccus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D056951:Photoelectron Spectroscopy; D058626:Plasma Gases; D011551:Pseudomonas fluorescens / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D058626:Plasma Gases; D014025:Titanium; D010100:Oxygen