title: Outcomes of a pilot hand hygiene randomized cluster trial to reduce communicable infections among US office-based employees.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the effectiveness of an office-based multimodal hand hygiene improvement intervention in reducing self-reported communicable infections and work-related absence.
  
  
  METHODS
  A randomized cluster trial including an electronic training video, hand sanitizer, and educational posters (n = 131, intervention; n = 193, control). Primary outcomes include (1) self-reported acute respiratory infections (ARIs)/influenza-like illness (ILI) and/or gastrointestinal (GI) infections during the prior 30 days; and (2) related lost work days. Incidence rate ratios calculated using generalized linear mixed models with a Poisson distribution, adjusted for confounders and random cluster effects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A 31% relative reduction in self-reported combined ARI-ILI/GI infections (incidence rate ratio: 0.69; 95% confidence interval, 0.49 to 0.98). A 21% nonsignificant relative reduction in lost work days.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  An office-based multimodal hand hygiene improvement intervention demonstrated a substantive reduction in self-reported combined ARI-ILI/GI infections.
authors.affiliation: From the College of Public Health (Dr Stedman-Smith, Ms Kingsbury, Ms Shakya, Mr Slenkovich), and College of Business Administration (Dr DuBois), Kent State University, Ohio; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology (Dr Grey), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; and Cuyahoga County Government (Ms Scofield), Cleveland, Ohio.
authors.forename: Maggie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stedman-Smith
authors.forename: Cathy L Z
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: DuBois
authors.forename: Scott F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Grey
authors.forename: Diana M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Kingsbury
authors.forename: Sunita
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shakya
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Scofield
authors.forename: Ken
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Slenkovich
mesh_terms: D000041:Absenteeism; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005767:Gastrointestinal Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D063373:Hand Hygiene; D006266:Health Education / Q000379:methods*; D006293:Health Promotion / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D017053:Infection Control / Q000379:methods*; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D016555:Matched-Pair Analysis; D008875:Middle Aged; D015146:Midwestern United States; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D012141:Respiratory Tract Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D057566:Self Report; D055815:Young Adult