title: Sex is associated with differences in individual trajectories of change in social health after implantable cardioverter-defibrillator.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Social health is a dimension of quality of life, and refers to people's involvement in, and satisfaction with social roles, responsibilities, and activities. The implantable cardioverter-defibrillator is associated with changes in overall quality of life, but little is known about sex differences in individual trajectories of change in social health.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We prospectively measured changes in 3 subscales of the SF-36v2 generic health questionnaire (role physical, role emotional, and social functioning), 2 Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System short forms (satisfaction with participation in social roles and satisfaction with participation in discretionary social activities), and the Florida Patient Acceptance Survey before and at 1, 2, and 6 months after implantation. Individual growth models of temporal change were estimated. The scores of the 6 indicators improved with time. The unconditional model demonstrated significant (fixed effects: P<0.05; covariance parameters: P<0.10) residual variability in the individual trajectories. In the conditional model, men and women differed significantly in their rates of change in the scores of 3 of the 6 measures. Although men's mean scores exceeded women's mean scores on all indicators at baseline (range of relative mean difference: 11.0% to 17.8%), the rate of women's change resulted in a reversal in relative standing at 6 months after implantation, with the mean scores of women exceeding the men's by 4.5% to 5.6%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Men and women differed in their trajectories of change in social health, both in terms of their starting points (ie, baseline scores) and their rates of change.
authors.affiliation: From the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (S.B.L., J.L.J., K.H., M.T.B., S.C., C.R.K., S.T., J.A.Y.L.W., P.A.R.) and Trinity Western University, Langley, Canada (R.S.); Department of Cardiology and Cardiac Programs, St. Paul's Hospital and Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada (S.B.L., M.T.B., S.C., C.R.K., S.T., J.A.Y.L.W); and Providence Health Care, Centre for Health Evaluation and Outcome Sciences, Vancouver, BC, Canada (R.S.). slauck@providencehealth.bc.ca.
authors.forename: Sandra B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Lauck
authors.affiliation: From the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (S.B.L., J.L.J., K.H., M.T.B., S.C., C.R.K., S.T., J.A.Y.L.W., P.A.R.) and Trinity Western University, Langley, Canada (R.S.); Department of Cardiology and Cardiac Programs, St. Paul's Hospital and Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada (S.B.L., M.T.B., S.C., C.R.K., S.T., J.A.Y.L.W); and Providence Health Care, Centre for Health Evaluation and Outcome Sciences, Vancouver, BC, Canada (R.S.).
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sawatzky
authors.affiliation: From the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (S.B.L., J.L.J., K.H., M.T.B., S.C., C.R.K., S.T., J.A.Y.L.W., P.A.R.) and Trinity Western University, Langley, Canada (R.S.); Department of Cardiology and Cardiac Programs, St. Paul's Hospital and Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada (S.B.L., M.T.B., S.C., C.R.K., S.T., J.A.Y.L.W); and Providence Health Care, Centre for Health Evaluation and Outcome Sciences, Vancouver, BC, Canada (R.S.).
authors.forename: Joy L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.affiliation: From the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (S.B.L., J.L.J., K.H., M.T.B., S.C., C.R.K., S.T., J.A.Y.L.W., P.A.R.) and Trinity Western University, Langley, Canada (R.S.); Department of Cardiology and Cardiac Programs, St. Paul's Hospital and Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada (S.B.L., M.T.B., S.C., C.R.K., S.T., J.A.Y.L.W); and Providence Health Care, Centre for Health Evaluation and Outcome Sciences, Vancouver, BC, Canada (R.S.).
authors.forename: Karin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Humphries
authors.affiliation: From the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (S.B.L., J.L.J., K.H., M.T.B., S.C., C.R.K., S.T., J.A.Y.L.W., P.A.R.) and Trinity Western University, Langley, Canada (R.S.); Department of Cardiology and Cardiac Programs, St. Paul's Hospital and Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada (S.B.L., M.T.B., S.C., C.R.K., S.T., J.A.Y.L.W); and Providence Health Care, Centre for Health Evaluation and Outcome Sciences, Vancouver, BC, Canada (R.S.).
authors.forename: Matthew T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Bennett
authors.affiliation: From the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (S.B.L., J.L.J., K.H., M.T.B., S.C., C.R.K., S.T., J.A.Y.L.W., P.A.R.) and Trinity Western University, Langley, Canada (R.S.); Department of Cardiology and Cardiac Programs, St. Paul's Hospital and Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada (S.B.L., M.T.B., S.C., C.R.K., S.T., J.A.Y.L.W); and Providence Health Care, Centre for Health Evaluation and Outcome Sciences, Vancouver, BC, Canada (R.S.).
authors.forename: Santabhanu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chakrabarti
authors.affiliation: From the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (S.B.L., J.L.J., K.H., M.T.B., S.C., C.R.K., S.T., J.A.Y.L.W., P.A.R.) and Trinity Western University, Langley, Canada (R.S.); Department of Cardiology and Cardiac Programs, St. Paul's Hospital and Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada (S.B.L., M.T.B., S.C., C.R.K., S.T., J.A.Y.L.W); and Providence Health Care, Centre for Health Evaluation and Outcome Sciences, Vancouver, BC, Canada (R.S.).
authors.forename: Charles R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Kerr
authors.affiliation: From the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (S.B.L., J.L.J., K.H., M.T.B., S.C., C.R.K., S.T., J.A.Y.L.W., P.A.R.) and Trinity Western University, Langley, Canada (R.S.); Department of Cardiology and Cardiac Programs, St. Paul's Hospital and Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada (S.B.L., M.T.B., S.C., C.R.K., S.T., J.A.Y.L.W); and Providence Health Care, Centre for Health Evaluation and Outcome Sciences, Vancouver, BC, Canada (R.S.).
authors.forename: Stanley
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tung
authors.affiliation: From the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (S.B.L., J.L.J., K.H., M.T.B., S.C., C.R.K., S.T., J.A.Y.L.W., P.A.R.) and Trinity Western University, Langley, Canada (R.S.); Department of Cardiology and Cardiac Programs, St. Paul's Hospital and Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada (S.B.L., M.T.B., S.C., C.R.K., S.T., J.A.Y.L.W); and Providence Health Care, Centre for Health Evaluation and Outcome Sciences, Vancouver, BC, Canada (R.S.).
authors.forename: John A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Yeung-Lai-Wah
authors.affiliation: From the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (S.B.L., J.L.J., K.H., M.T.B., S.C., C.R.K., S.T., J.A.Y.L.W., P.A.R.) and Trinity Western University, Langley, Canada (R.S.); Department of Cardiology and Cardiac Programs, St. Paul's Hospital and Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada (S.B.L., M.T.B., S.C., C.R.K., S.T., J.A.Y.L.W); and Providence Health Care, Centre for Health Evaluation and Outcome Sciences, Vancouver, BC, Canada (R.S.).
authors.forename: Pamela A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Ratner
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D017147:Defibrillators, Implantable; D004554:Electric Countershock / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation*; D004644:Emotions; D005260:Female; D054624:Health Status Disparities; D006801:Humans; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011788:Quality of Life; D012737:Sex Factors; D012919:Social Behavior; D012941:Social Responsibility; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: implantable defibrillators; quality of life; sex; social determinants of health