title: Endoscopic transcanal corridors to the lateral skull base: Initial experiences.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Surgical approaches to the lateral skull base, internal auditory canal (IAC), and petrous bone are widely known and have been extensively recorded. Despite the benign nature and limited dimensions of lesions located in this anatomical region, extirpative surgical approaches are often required to reach and remove the disease. The aim of present report was to describe our initial experiences with minimally invasive endoscopic approaches to the lateral skull base.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective review of patients' charts and video recordings from surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twelve patients were included in the study. Three main corridors to the lateral skull base were identified: the transcanal suprageniculate corridor, the transcanal transpromontorial corridor, and the transcanal infracochlear corridor. Landmarks, tips, and pitfalls of the approaches have been reviewed and highlighted.
  
  
  RESULTS
  These corridors provide a direct approach to pathology involving the fundus, IAC, cochlea, petrous apex and geniculate ganglion region, without any external incision. The pathology was successfully removed in most cases with no important postoperative complications and reasonable facial nerve outcomes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The transcanal endoscopic approaches to the lateral skull base proved to be successful for pathology removal involving the fundus, IAC, cochlea, petrous apex, and geniculate ganglion region. Future widespread application of this kind of approach in lateral skull base surgery will depend on the development of technology, and surgical and anatomical refinements.
  
  
  METHODS
  4.
authors.affiliation: Otolaryngology Department, University Hospital of Verona, Verona, Italy.
authors.forename: Daniele
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Marchioni
authors.affiliation: Otolaryngology Department, University Hospital of Modena, Modena, Italy.|Neurosurgery Department, New Civil Hospital Sant'Agostino-Estense, Baggiovara, Italy.
authors.forename: Matteo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Alicandri-Ciufelli
authors.affiliation: Otolaryngology Department, University Hospital of Modena, Modena, Italy.
authors.forename: Alessia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rubini
authors.affiliation: Otolaryngology Department, University Hospital of Modena, Modena, Italy.
authors.forename: Livio
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Presutti
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001847:Bone Diseases / Q000601:surgery*; D004427:Ear Diseases / Q000601:surgery*; D007758:Ear, Inner; D004724:Endoscopy / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D019291:Skull Base / Q000601:surgery*
keywords: Inner ear; acoustic schwannoma; endoscopic ear surgery; internal auditory canal; lateral skull base; temporal bone cholesteatoma; transcanal approach; transcanal corridors