title: Target strengths of two abundant mesopelagic fish species.
abstract: Mesopelagic fish of the Myctophidae and Sternoptychidae families dominate the biomass of the oceanic deep scattering layers and, therefore, have important ecological roles within these ecosystems. Interest in the commercial exploitation of these fish is growing, so the development of techniques for estimating their abundance, distribution and, ultimately, sustainable exploitation are essential. The acoustic backscattering characteristics for two size classes of Maurolicus muelleri and Benthosema glaciale are reported here based on swimbladder morphology derived from digitized soft x-ray images, and empirical (in situ) measurements of target strength (TS) derived from an acoustic survey in a Norwegian Sea. A backscattering model based on a gas-filled prolate spheroid was used to predict the theoretical TS for both species across a frequency range between 0 and 250 kHz. Sensitivity analyses of the TS model to the modeling parameters indicate that TS is rather sensitive to the viscosity, swimbladder volume ratio, and tilt, which can result in substantial changes to the TS. Theoretical TS predictions close to the resonance frequency were in good agreement (±2 dB) with mean in situ TS derived from the areas acoustically surveyed that were spatially and temporally consistent with the trawl information for both species.
authors.affiliation: School of Biological Sciences, Zoology Building, University of Aberdeen, Tillydrone Avenue, Aberdeen, AB24 2TZ, Scotland.
authors.forename: Ben
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Scoulding
authors.affiliation: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration/National Marine Fisheries Service/Northwest Fisheries Science Center/Fishery Resource Analysis and Monitoring, 2725 Montlake Boulevard East, Seattle, Washington 98112.
authors.forename: Dezhang
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Chu
authors.affiliation: Institute of Marine Research, P.O. Box 1870, 5024 Bergen, Norway.
authors.forename: Egil
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ona
authors.affiliation: School of Biological Sciences, Zoology Building, University of Aberdeen, Tillydrone Avenue, Aberdeen, AB24 2TZ, Scotland.
authors.forename: Paul G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Fernandes
mesh_terms: D000162:Acoustics; D000400:Air Sacs / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology*; D000465:Algorithms; D000818:Animals; D017753:Ecosystem; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D005399:Fishes / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology*; D005740:Gases; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D009038:Motion; D009792:Oceans and Seas; D011156:Population Density; D012542:Scattering, Radiation; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted; D013016:Sound; D013045:Species Specificity; D013997:Time Factors; D014732:Vibration; D014783:Viscosity
chemical_list: D005740:Gases