title: Association of homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, adiponectin, and low-grade inflammation with the course of the metabolic syndrome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We examined the association between insulin resistance (IR), adiponectin, and inflammation markers and the development of metabolic syndrome (MetS). Furthermore, we aimed to establish the relationship between IR, serum adiponectin, and parameters of chronic inflammation.
  
  
  METHODS
  MetS was assessed in 1628 Kazakh participants (768 men; 860 women) in Xinjiang, Northwestern China.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Adiponectin, homeostasis model assessment of IR (HOMA-IR), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and C-reactive protein (CRP) remained significantly associated with MetS after further adjustment for sex, age, smoking status, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, total cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Moreover, HOMA-IR, IL-6, and CRP increased concurrently with an increased number of MetS components, and an inverse trend between adiponectin and increased number of MetS components was found. The median of IL-6 and CRP increased with HOMA-IR from the lowest to the highest quartile. In contrast, the median of adiponectin remarkably decreased with HOMA-IR from the lowest to the highest quartile (P<0.001). According to multiple linear regression analysis, adiponectin, CRP, and IL-6 also showed a significant association with HOMA-IR.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We strengthen the notion that HOMA-IR, adiponectin, and inflammatory markers can predict the course of MetS. Furthermore, our results suggest that a chronic state of inflammation and decreased serum adiponectin might be associated with IR.
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832000, China; Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases (Ministry of Education), Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832002, China.
authors.forename: YuSong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832000, China; Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases (Ministry of Education), Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832002, China.
authors.forename: ShuGang
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832000, China.
authors.forename: Ru-Lin
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832000, China.
authors.forename: Heng
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832000, China.
authors.forename: JingYu
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832000, China.
authors.forename: Mei
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832000, China.
authors.forename: JiaMing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832000, China; Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases (Ministry of Education), Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832002, China. Electronic address: 51603030@qq.com.
authors.forename: ShuXia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Guo
mesh_terms: D052242:Adiponectin / Q000097:blood*; D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood* / Q000276:immunology; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000502:physiology*; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000097:blood* / Q000276:immunology; D008875:Middle Aged
chemical_list: C499918:ADIPOQ protein, human; D052242:Adiponectin; D015415:Biomarkers; C508600:IL6 protein, human; D015850:Interleukin-6; D002097:C-Reactive Protein
keywords: Adiponectin; C-reactive protein (CRP); Homeostasis model assessment of insulin of resistance (HOMA-IR); IL-6; Metabolic syndrome (MetS)