title: The left bundle branch block revised with novel imaging modalities.
abstract: Left bundle branch block (LBBB) is related to abnormal cardiac conduction and mechanical asynchrony and is associated with hypertension and coronary artery disease. Improved evaluation of left ventricular (LV) mechanical asynchrony is needed, because of the increasing number of patients with LBBB and heart failure. In this paper, we describe tissue Doppler imaging (TDI), strain (rate) imaging and tissue tracking in LBBB patients. A variety of patterns of mechanical activation can be observed in LBBB patients. A recent development, referred to as tissue synchronisation imaging, colour codes TDI time-to-peak systolic velocities of segments and displays mechanical asynchrony. Furthermore, real-time 3D echocardiography provides new regional information about mechanical asynchrony. Contained in an LV model and projected on a bull's eye plot, this modality helps to display the spatial distribution of mechanical asynchrony. Finally, segmental time-to-peak circumferential strain curves, produced by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, provide additional quantification of LV mechanical asynchrony. Effects of LBBB on regional and global cardiac function are impressive, myocardial involvement seems to play a role and with the help of these novel imaging modalities, new insights continue to develop.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: van Dijk
authors.forename: H F J
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Mannaerts
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Germans
authors.forename: H A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Hauer
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Knaapen
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Visser
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Kamp
keywords: asynchrony; imaging modalities; left bundle branch block