title: Vitamin B12-responsive neuropathies: A case series.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Neuropathies often accompany vitamin B12 deficiency. Since many neuropathies are linked to oxidative stress and since B12 has both antioxidant and neurotrophic properties, B12 may also be effective treatment in non-deficient subjects. Thus, the characteristics and predictors of B12-responsive neuropathies and their relationship to disorders associated with increased oxidative stress (oxidant risks) were examined.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective review of 78 subjects with neurological abnormalities treated with B12 and evaluated by the measurement of B12 and the B12-dependent metabolites, methylmalonic acid (MMA), and homocysteine.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sixty-five subjects had neurological improvement (83%), including 35 with other known causes of neuropathy. Only two responders had B12-responsive macrocytosis. Pretherapy B12, MMA, and homocysteine values were normal in 72, 33 and 54% of responders, with all three normal in 23%. Moreover, B12 therapy did not significantly decrease elevated MMA and homocysteine levels in 20 and 37%, respectively, of responders tested but did decrease both metabolites in 75% of evaluable non-responders. At least one oxidant risk was present in 41 of the 46 responders with normal B12 levels (89%). Oral therapy was effective, but parenteral B12 improved responses in four subjects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  B12-responsive neuropathies are thus (1) common even when confounding disorders are present; (2) dissociated from the presence of hematological abnormalities; (3) dissociated from the presence of B12-responsive metabolical abnormalities; and (4) associated with the presence of oxidant risks when B12 levels are normal. Since no predictors of responses to B12 therapy were identified, empiric trials with parenteral B12 should be considered in appropriate subjects.
authors.affiliation: a Section of Palliative Care, Department of Medicine , Yale University School of Medicine and Smilow Cancer Hospital , New Haven , CT , USA.
authors.forename: Lawrence R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Solomon
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000032:analysis / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001711:Biotransformation; D005260:Female; D006710:Homocysteine / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular; D008297:Male; D008499:Medical Records; D008764:Methylmalonic Acid / Q000097:blood; D008875:Middle Aged; D009422:Nervous System Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D009752:Nutritional Status; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D014805:Vitamin B 12 / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014806:Vitamin B 12 Deficiency / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D006710:Homocysteine; D008764:Methylmalonic Acid; D014805:Vitamin B 12
keywords: Cobalamin; Homocysteine; Methylmalonic acid; Neuropathy; Oxidative stress; Vitamin B12