title: 2014 MERS-CoV outbreak in Jeddah--a link to health care facilities.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A marked increase in the number of cases of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection occurred in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, in early 2014. We evaluated patients with MERS-CoV infection in Jeddah to explore reasons for this increase and to assess the epidemiologic and clinical features of this disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  We identified all cases of laboratory-confirmed MERS-CoV infection in Jeddah that were reported to the Saudi Arabian Ministry of Health from January 1 through May 16, 2014. We conducted telephone interviews with symptomatic patients who were not health care personnel, and we reviewed hospital records. We identified patients who were reported as being asymptomatic and interviewed them regarding a history of symptoms in the month before testing. Descriptive analyses were performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 255 patients with laboratory-confirmed MERS-CoV infection, 93 died (case fatality rate, 36.5%). The median age of all patients was 45 years (interquartile range, 30 to 59), and 174 patients (68.2%) were male. A total of 64 patients (25.1%) were reported to be asymptomatic. Of the 191 symptomatic patients, 40 (20.9%) were health care personnel. Among the 151 symptomatic patients who were not health care personnel, 112 (74.2%) had data that could be assessed, and 109 (97.3%) of these patients had had contact with a health care facility, a person with a confirmed case of MERS-CoV infection, or someone with severe respiratory illness in the 14 days before the onset of illness. The remaining 3 patients (2.7%) reported no such contacts. Of the 64 patients who had been reported as asymptomatic, 33 (52%) were interviewed, and 26 of these 33 (79%) reported at least one symptom that was consistent with a viral respiratory illness.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The majority of patients in the Jeddah MERS-CoV outbreak had contact with a health care facility, other patients, or both. This highlights the role of health care-associated transmission. (Supported by the Ministry of Health, Saudi Arabia, and by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.).
authors.affiliation: From the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (I.K.O., S.M.T., S.I.G., D.L.S., J.T.W.) and the Epidemic Intelligence Service, CDC (I.K.O., S.M.T.), Atlanta; and the Ministry of Health (A.M.A.-A., A.A.B., K.Z.A., E.L.A., B.M.A., T.A.M.), the Community and Preventive Medicine Center, National Guard Health Affairs, Western Region, Ministry of National Guard (H.A.-M.), King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center (B.M.A.), and the Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University (T.A.M.), Jeddah, and the Department of Family and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Qassim University, Al-Qassim (M.S.A.) - all in Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Ikwo K
authors.initials: IK
authors.lastname: Oboho
authors.forename: Sara M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Tomczyk
authors.forename: Ahmad M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Al-Asmari
authors.forename: Ayman A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Banjar
authors.forename: Hani
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Al-Mugti
authors.forename: Muhannad S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Aloraini
authors.forename: Khulud Z
authors.initials: KZ
authors.lastname: Alkhaldi
authors.forename: Emad L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Almohammadi
authors.forename: Basem M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Alraddadi
authors.forename: Susan I
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Gerber
authors.forename: David L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Swerdlow
authors.forename: John T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Watson
authors.forename: Tariq A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Madani
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D018352:Coronavirus Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000635:transmission*; D003428:Cross Infection / Q000453:epidemiology; D004196:Disease Outbreaks; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D017053:Infection Control; D017757:Infectious Disease Transmission, Professional-to-Patient; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D065207:Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus; D012529:Saudi Arabia / Q000453:epidemiology