title: Osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells in 3-D Zr-Si organic-inorganic scaffolds produced by two-photon polymerization technique.
abstract: Two-photon polymerization (2PP) is applied for the fabrication of 3-D Zr-Si scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. Zr-Si scaffolds with 150, 200, and 250 μm pore sizes are seeded with human bone marrow stem cells (hBMSCs) and human adipose tissue derived stem cells (hASCs) and cultured in osteoinductive and control media for three weeks. Osteogenic differentiation of hASCs and hBMSCs and formation of bone matrix is comparatively analyzed via alkaline phosphatase activity (ALP), calcium quantification, osteocalcin staining and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It is observed that the 150 μm pore size Zr-Si scaffolds support the strongest matrix mineralization, as confirmed by calcium deposition. Analysis of ALP activity, osteocalcin staining and SEM observations of matrix mineralization reveal that mesenchymal stem cells cultured on 3-D scaffolds without osteogenic stimulation spontaneously differentiate towards osteogenic lineage. Nanoindentation measurements show that aging of the 2PP-produced Zr-Si scaffolds in aqueous or alcohol media results in an increase in the scaffold Young's modulus and hardness. Moreover, accelerated formation of bone matrix by hASCs is noted, when cultured on the scaffolds with lower Young's moduli and hardness values (non aged scaffolds) compared to the cells cultured on scaffolds with higher Young's modulus and hardness values (aged scaffolds). Presented results support the potential application of Zr-Si scaffolds for autologous bone tissue engineering.
authors.affiliation: Nanotechnology Department of Laser Zentrum Hannover, Hannover, Germany.
authors.forename: Anastasia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Koroleva
authors.affiliation: Nanotechnology Department of Laser Zentrum Hannover, Hannover, Germany.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Deiwick
authors.affiliation: Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America.
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.affiliation: Nanotechnology Department of Laser Zentrum Hannover, Hannover, Germany.
authors.forename: Sabrina
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Schlie-Wolter
authors.affiliation: Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America.
authors.forename: Roger
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Narayan
authors.affiliation: Institute of Laser and Information Technologies, Moscow, Russia.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Timashev
authors.affiliation: Institute of Laser and Information Technologies, Moscow, Russia.
authors.forename: Vladimir
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Popov
authors.affiliation: Institute of Laser and Information Technologies, Moscow, Russia.
authors.forename: Viktor
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Bagratashvili
authors.affiliation: Nanotechnology Department of Laser Zentrum Hannover, Hannover, Germany.
authors.forename: Boris
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Chichkov
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000166:cytology; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000378:metabolism; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques / Q000379:methods; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D060326:Chemistry Techniques, Synthetic / Q000379:methods; D055119:Elastic Modulus; D006244:Hardness; D006801:Humans; D007287:Inorganic Chemicals / Q000737:chemistry; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D009930:Organic Chemicals / Q000737:chemistry; D015675:Osteocalcin / Q000378:metabolism; D010012:Osteogenesis; D058105:Polymerization; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012825:Silicon / Q000737:chemistry*; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D013997:Time Factors; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds / Q000737:chemistry*; D015040:Zirconium / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D007287:Inorganic Chemicals; D009930:Organic Chemicals; D015675:Osteocalcin; D015040:Zirconium; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase; D002118:Calcium; D012825:Silicon