title: Anatomy, definition, and treatment of the "terrible triad of the elbow" and contemplation of the rationality of this designation.
abstract: In the realm of orthopaedics, the terrible triad of the elbow is infamous, not simply because the prognosis is poor for most patients, but also, maybe to a greater extent, because the unique name of this malady attracts considerable attention and interest in both doctors and patients. The adjective terrible is bestowed on an elbow triad that comprises three coexisting complicated traumas; namely, radial head and ulnar coronoid process fractures and posterior dislocation of the elbow joint. In this review, the classification, treatment principles and prognosis for different forms of management of the radial head and ulnar coronoid process fractures and the ligaments lesions are introduced sequentially and various surgical procedures and their efficacy are discussed. This triad has long given orthopedic surgeons headaches. Nonetheless, in recent years a series of anatomical mechanical studies on the elbow joint have been published and there have been several breakthroughs in surgical techniques for managing this elbow triad. This review examines some memorable millstones and unveils trends in the current clinical norm for this triad. The accomplishments achieved recently have reportedly resulted in enhanced prognoses in the last two or three years compared with previous years. It is therefore high time to revise our thoughts about the justice and accuracy of defining this triad of the elbow as terrible. Lastly, we may safely conclude that the terrible triad of the elbow is much less terrible than previously, provided the commonly approved clinical approaches are undertaken.
authors.affiliation: Orthopaedic Department of Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Ke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.forename: Jia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Yu-lei
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.forename: Xi-sheng
authors.initials: XS
authors.lastname: Weng
mesh_terms: D004551:Elbow Joint / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D004204:Joint Dislocations / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery; D019637:Orthopedic Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D011379:Prognosis; D011885:Radius Fractures / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery; D009626:Terminology as Topic; D014458:Ulna Fractures / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery; D000092464:Elbow Injuries
keywords: Denomination; Elbow; Terrible triad