title: Peripapillary choroidal thickness variation with age and race in normal eyes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study examined the association between peripapillary choroidal thickness (PCT) with age and race in a group of African descent (AD) and European descent (ED) subjects with normal eyes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Optic nerve head images from enhanced depth imaging spectral-domain optical coherence tomography of 166 normal eyes from 84 subjects of AD and ED were manually delineated to identify the principal surfaces of Bruch's membrane (BM), Bruch's membrane opening (BMO), and anterior sclera (AS). Peripapillary choroidal thickness was measured between BM and AS at increasing distance away from BMO. The mean PCT was compared between AD and ED subjects and generalized estimating equation (GEE) regression analysis was used to examine the association between race and PCT overall, in each quadrant, and by distance from BMO. Models were adjusted for age, BMO area, and axial length in the regression analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, the mean PCT increased from 63.9 μm ± 18.1 at 0 to 250 μm to 170.3 μm ± 56.7 at 1500 to 2000 μm from BMO. Individuals of AD had a greater mean PCT than those of ED at all distances from BMO (P < 0.05 at each distance) and in each quadrant (P < 0.05 in each quadrant). Results from multivariate regression indicate that ED subjects had significantly lower PCT compared to AD overall and in all quadrants and distances from BMO. Increasing age was also significantly associated with a lower PCT in both ED and AD participants.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Peripapillary choroidal thickness varies with race and age, as individuals of AD have a thicker peripapillary choroid than those of ED. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00221923.).
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States.
authors.forename: Lindsay A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Rhodes
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States.
authors.forename: Carrie
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Huisingh
authors.affiliation: Department of Computer and Information Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States.
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Johnstone
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States.
authors.forename: Massimo A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Fazio
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States.
authors.forename: Brandon
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States.
authors.forename: Lan
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States.
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States.
authors.forename: J Crawford
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Downs
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States.
authors.forename: Cynthia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Owsley
authors.affiliation: In Vivo Biomechanics Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore.
authors.forename: Michael J A
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Girard
authors.affiliation: GePaSud, Université de la Polynésie Française, Punaauia, Tahiti, French Polynesia.
authors.forename: Jean Martial
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Mari
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States.
authors.forename: Christopher A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Girkin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging; D058452:Axial Length, Eye; D002829:Choroid / Q000166:cytology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009898:Optic Disk / Q000166:cytology*; D044469:Racial Groups; D012016:Reference Values; D041623:Tomography, Optical Coherence / Q000379:methods
keywords: age; enhanced depth imaging SDOCT; peripapillary choroid; race