title: High mobility group box-1 and its clinical value in breast cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  High mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) is a factor regulating malignant tumorigenesis, proliferation, and metastasis, and is associated with poor clinical pathology in various human cancers. We investigated the differential concentrations of HMGB1 in tissues and sera, and their clinical value for diagnosis in patients with breast cancer, benign breast disease, and healthy individuals.
  
  
  METHODS
  HMGB1 levels in tumor tissues, adjacent normal tissues, and benign breast disease tissues was detected via immunohistochemistry. Serum HMGB1 was measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 56 patients with breast cancer, 25 patients with benign breast disease, and 30 healthy control subjects. The clinicopathological features of the patients were compared. Tissues were evaluated histopathologically by pathologists.
  
  
  RESULTS
  HMGB1 levels in the tissues and sera of patients with breast cancer were significantly higher than those in patients with benign breast disease or normal individuals. The 56 cancer patients were classified as having high tissue HMGB1 levels (n=41) or low tissue HMGB1 levels (n=15), but the corresponsive serum HMGB1 in these two groups was not significantly different. HMGB1 levels in breast cancer tissues significantly correlated with differentiation grade, lymphatic metastasis, and tumor-node-metastasis stage, but not patient age, tumor size, or HER-2/neu expression; no association between serum HMGB1 levels and these clinicopathological parameters was found. The sensitivity and specificity of tissue HMGB1 levels for the diagnosis of breast cancer were 73.21% and 84.00%, respectively, while positive and negative predictive values were 91.11% and 58.33%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HMGB1 might be involved in the development and progression of breast cancer and could be a supportive diagnostic marker for breast cancer. Serum HMGB1 could be a useful serological biomarker for diagnosis and screening of breast cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Breast Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong, People's Republic of China ; Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Shanping
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Zhaoqing
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.affiliation: Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Qi
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Panpan
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.affiliation: Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Changxin
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Baoguo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xiangeng
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.affiliation: Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
keywords: breast cancer; high mobility group box-1; serum biomarker