title: Clocks and cardiovascular function.
abstract: Circadian clocks in central and peripheral tissues enable the temporal synchronization and organization of molecular and physiological processes of rhythmic animals, allowing optimum functioning of cells and organisms at the most appropriate time of day. Disruption of circadian rhythms, from external or internal forces, leads to widespread biological disruption and is postulated to underlie many human conditions, such as the incidence and timing of cardiovascular disease. Here, we describe in vivo and in vitro methodology relevant to studying the role of circadian rhythms in cardiovascular function and dysfunction.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Smilow Center for Translational Research, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
authors.forename: Sarah C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: McLoughlin
authors.affiliation: Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Smilow Center for Translational Research, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
authors.forename: Philip
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Haines
authors.affiliation: Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Smilow Center for Translational Research, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA. Electronic address: garret@upenn.edu.
authors.forename: Garret A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: FitzGerald
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002320:Cardiovascular Physiological Phenomena; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002940:Circadian Rhythm; D006801:Humans; D017737:Macrophages, Peritoneal / Q000166:cytology; D051379:Mice; D032383:Myocytes, Cardiac / Q000378:metabolism; D011846:Radio Waves; D013686:Telemetry / Q000379:methods; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000503:physiopathology
keywords: Atherosclerosis; BMAL1; Blood pressure; Cardiovascular function; Circadian rhythms; Clocks; Inflammation; Thrombosis