title: Community structure of ammonia-oxidizing archaea and ammonia-oxidizing bacteria in soil treated with the insecticide imidacloprid.
abstract: The purpose of this experiment was to assess the effect of imidacloprid on the community structure of ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) and ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) in soil using the denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) approach. Analysis showed that AOA and AOB community members were affected by the insecticide treatment. However, the calculation of the richness (S) and the Shannon-Wiener index (H) values for soil treated with the field rate (FR) dosage of imidacloprid (1 mg/kg soil) showed no changes in measured indices for the AOA and AOB community members. In turn, the 10∗FR dosage of insecticide (10 mg/kg soil) negatively affected the AOA community, which was confirmed by the decrease of the S and H values in comparison with the values obtained for the control soil. In the case of AOB community, an initial decline followed by the increase of the S and H values was obtained. Imidacloprid decreased the nitrification rate while the ammonification process was stimulated by the addition of imidacloprid. Changes in the community structure of AOA and AOB could be due to an increase in the concentration of N-NH4 (+), known as the most important factor which determines the contribution of these microorganisms to soil nitrification.
authors.affiliation: Department and Institute of Microbiology and Virology, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Silesia, Jagiellońska 4, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland.
authors.forename: Mariusz
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cycoń
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, University of Silesia, Jagiellońska 28, 40-032 Katowice, Poland.
authors.forename: Zofia
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Piotrowska-Seget
mesh_terms: D000641:Ammonia / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D001105:Archaea / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000633:toxicity; D007306:Insecticides / Q000633:toxicity; D000073943:Neonicotinoids; D058465:Nitrification / Q000187:drug effects; D009574:Nitro Compounds / Q000633:toxicity; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D012988:Soil Microbiology
chemical_list: D007093:Imidazoles; D007306:Insecticides; D000073943:Neonicotinoids; D009574:Nitro Compounds; C082359:imidacloprid; D000641:Ammonia