title: Biomechanical 3-dimensional finite element analysis of obturator protheses retained with zygomatic and dental implants in maxillary defects.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The objective of this study was to investigate the stress distribution in the bone around zygomatic and dental implants for 3 different implant-retained obturator prostheses designs in a Aramany class IV maxillary defect using 3-dimensional finite element analysis (FEA).
  
  
  METHODS
  A 3-dimensional finite element model of an Aramany class IV defect was created. Three different implant-retained obturator prostheses were modeled: model 1 with 1 zygomatic implant and 1 dental implant, model 2 with 1 zygomatic implant and 2 dental implants, and model 3 with 2 zygomatic implants. Locator attachments were used as a superstructure. A 150-N load was applied 3 different ways. Qualitative analysis was based on the scale of maximum principal stress; values obtained through quantitative analysis are expressed in MPa.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In all loading conditions, model 3 (when compared models 1 and 2) showed the lowest maximum principal stress value. Model 3 is the most appropirate reconstruction in Aramany class IV maxillary defects. Two zygomatic implants can reduce the stresses in model 3. The distribution of stresses on prostheses were more rational with the help of zygoma implants, which can distribute the stresses on each part of the maxilla.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Aramany class IV obturator prosthesis placement of 2 zygomatic implants in each side of the maxilla is more advantageous than placement of dental implants. In the non-defective side, increasing the number of dental implants is not as suitable as zygomatic implants.
authors.affiliation: Prosthodontist, Private Practice, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Canan
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Akay
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Suat
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yaluğ
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D015921:Dental Implants; D017267:Dental Prosthesis Design; D003799:Dental Stress Analysis; D020342:Finite Element Analysis; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D008297:Male; D008422:Materials Testing; D008437:Maxilla / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D015050:Zygoma / Q000601:surgery*
chemical_list: D015921:Dental Implants