title: Chloroquine enhances replication of influenza A virus A/WSN/33 (H1N1) in dose-, time-, and MOI-dependent manners in human lung epithelial cells A549.
abstract: Anti-malaria drug, chloroquine, has been reported to be effective against influenza A virus (IAV) in vitro and used in in-vivo experiments and clinical trial for prevention or treatment of influenza. In this study, it has been shown by immunofluorescence, hemagglutination, and plaque assays that chloroquine enhanced A/WSN/33 (H1N1) replication with pronounced cytopathic effect in dose-, time-, and MOI-dependent manners in human lung epithelial cells A549. Time-of-addition assay showed that inhibitory effect on virus replication by chloroquine pre-treatment was indistinctive, and virus productions were enhanced when the drug was applied after viral adsorption. The effectiveness of chloroquine as an anti-influenza drug is questioned, and caution in its use is recommended.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China; The Key Immunopathology Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China.
authors.forename: Liqi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Jianping
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dai
authors.forename: Xiangfeng
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Youying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Gefei
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Kangsheng
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000962:Antimalarials / Q000494:pharmacology; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002738:Chloroquine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003588:Cytopathogenic Effect, Viral / Q000187:drug effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000821:virology; D006801:Humans; D053118:Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology*; D013997:Time Factors; D014779:Virus Replication / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D000962:Antimalarials; D000998:Antiviral Agents; D002738:Chloroquine
keywords: A549; WSN; chloroquine; influenza A virus; replication