title: The mechanisms underlying fructose-induced hypertension: a review.
abstract: We are currently in the midst of an epidemic of metabolic disorders, which may, in part, be explained by excess fructose intake. This theory is supported by epidemiological observations as well as experimental studies in animals and humans. Rising consumption of fructose has been matched with growing rates of hypertension, leading to concern from public health experts. At this stage, the mechanisms underlying fructose-induced hypertension have not been fully characterized and the bulk of our knowledge is derived from animal models. Animal studies have shown that high-fructose diets up-regulate sodium and chloride transporters, resulting in a state of salt overload that increases blood pressure. Excess fructose has also been found to activate vasoconstrictors, inactivate vasodilators, and over-stimulate the sympathetic nervous system. Further work is required to determine the relevance of these findings to humans and to establish the level at which dietary fructose increases the risk of developing hypertension.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, New South Wales, Australia.
authors.forename: Alice Victoria
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Klein
authors.forename: Hosen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kiat
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects*; D019422:Dietary Sucrose / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005632:Fructose / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology*; D066248:High Fructose Corn Syrup / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000139:chemically induced*; D016623:Ion Pumps / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000378:metabolism*; D014661:Vasoconstriction; D014664:Vasodilation / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D019422:Dietary Sucrose; D066248:High Fructose Corn Syrup; D016623:Ion Pumps; D005632:Fructose; D012965:Sodium Chloride