title: Association between osteocalcin and metabolic syndrome in postmenopausal women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Undercarboxylated osteocalcin (ucOC) has been proved as a regulator of glucose and fat mass in an animal model. This study examined the association between osteocalcin and metabolic syndrome (MetS) in postmenopausal women.
  
  
  METHODS
  We selected 135 postmenopausal women and determined anthropometric values [waist-hip ratio (WHR), visceral fat area (VFA), body fat mass (BFM), and skeletal muscle mass (SMM)], the lipid profile, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), insulin, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), serum leptin and adiponectin level, and serum tOC and ucOC level.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 52 postmenopausal women in the MetS group. After adjusting for age and years since menopause, ucOC was negatively correlated with WHR, VFA, BFM, triglyceride, fasting insulin, HOMA-IR, and serum leptin and was positively correlated with serum adiponectin. The odds ratio for MetS was significantly lower in the highest quartile than the lowest quartile after adjusting for age, years since menopause, and BMI. In multiple regression analysis, serum leptin and HOMA-IR were the most important predictors of the independent variables that affect serum ucOC.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ucOC showed an inverse correlation with markers of insulin resistance, central obesity, and the presence of MetS in postmenopausal women and appears to protect against MetS. Further large-scale clinical and experimental studies are needed to clarify the potential of ucOC as a predictor of MetS in postmenopausal women.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, 22, Gwanpyeong-ro 170beon-gil, Dongan-gu, Anyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, 431-796, Korea, ssugucap@catholic.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Suk Woo
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Hyun Hee
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Jo
authors.forename: Mee Ran
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Jang Heub
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Young Oak
authors.initials: YO
authors.lastname: You
mesh_terms: D052242:Adiponectin / Q000097:blood; D015415:Biomarkers; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005215:Fasting; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000502:physiology; D020738:Leptin / Q000097:blood; D008055:Lipids; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis*; D008875:Middle Aged; D015675:Osteocalcin / Q000097:blood*; D017698:Postmenopause / Q000097:blood*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D049629:Waist-Hip Ratio
chemical_list: C499918:ADIPOQ protein, human; D052242:Adiponectin; D015415:Biomarkers; D007328:Insulin; D020738:Leptin; D008055:Lipids; D014280:Triglycerides; D015675:Osteocalcin; D002097:C-Reactive Protein