title: Phase-I dose finding and pharmacokinetic study of the novel hydrophilic camptothecin ST-1968 (namitecan) in patients with solid tumors.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This is a first-in-human, phase I, dose-escalation study to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of intravenous, flat-dosed ST-1968 (namitecan), a new hydrophilic camptothecan derivative.
  
  
  METHODS
  Namitecan was administered intravenously over 2 h on day 1 and day 8 every 21 days (D1-D8-Q21D), starting at a flat dose of 2.5 mg, and increased according to a 3 + 3 cohort design. Due to frequent skipping of day 8 dosing for cytopenias, the study was expanded to test namitecan dosing on day 1 every 21 days (D1-Q21) at a starting dose of 17.5 mg. Major dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) was defined as grade (G) 4 neutropenia persisting >5 days, febrile neutropenia, G3 thrombocytopenia or G2 non-hematological toxicity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty-four patients were included into the D1-D8-Q21D group (2.5, 5, 10, 15, 17.5, 20 mg dosing cohorts), 29 patients into the D1-21D group (17.5, 20, 23, 27, 30 mg dosing cohorts). Neutropenia was the DLT in both groups, with 15 mg being defined as the recommended dose (RD) for the D1-D8-Q21D group, and 23 mg for the D1-Q21D group. Non-hematological toxicity was negligible. One patient with endometrial cancer in the D1-D8-Q21D group and one patient with cholangiocellular carcinoma in the D1-Q21D group experienced a partial remission. Namitecan exhibited fully dose-proportional pharmacokinetics.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study demonstrates clinical safety, favourable pharmacokinetics and preliminary antitumor activity of the novel hydrophilic camptothecin analogue namitecan in patients with heavily pretreated solid malignancies, when given either on a 2 out of 3 weeks or 3-weekly regimen.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Oncology & Hematology, Cantonal Hospital, St.Gallen, Switzerland, markus.joerger@kssg.ch.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Joerger
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hess
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Delmonte
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gallerani
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Barbieri
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pace
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sessa
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; D019540:Area Under Curve; D002166:Camptothecin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D006207:Half-Life; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D020714:Maximum Tolerated Dose; D008657:Metabolic Clearance Rate; D008875:Middle Aged; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: C531200:namitecan; D002166:Camptothecin