title: Systematic literature review of patient-reported outcome measures used in assessment and measurement of sleep disorders in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Sleep problems are common in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), but the validity of patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) that measure sleep dysfunction has not been evaluated. We have reviewed the literature to identify disease-specific and non-disease-specific sleep PROMs that have been validated for use in COPD patients. The review also examined the psychometric properties of identified sleep outcome measures and extracted point and variability estimates of sleep instruments used in COPD studies.
  
  
  METHODS
  The online EMBASE, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and SCOPUS databases for all years to May 2014 were used to source articles for the review. The review was performed according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Criteria from the Medical Outcomes Trust Scientific Advisory Committee guidelines were used to evaluate the psychometric properties of all sleep PROMs identified.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One COPD-specific and six non-COPD-specific sleep outcome measures were identified and 44 papers met the review selection criteria. We only identified one instrument, the COPD and Asthma Sleep Impact Scale, which was developed specifically for use in COPD populations. Ninety percent of the identified studies used one of two non-disease-specific sleep scales, ie, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and/or the Epworth Sleep Scale, although neither has been tested for reliability or validity in people with COPD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results highlight a need for existing non-disease-specific instruments to be validated in COPD populations and also a need for new disease-specific measures to assess the impact of sleep problems in COPD.
authors.affiliation: University of Manchester Medicines Evaluation Unit, University Hospital of South Manchester Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK ; School of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Work, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
authors.forename: Adam P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Garrow
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Work, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
authors.forename: Janelle
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yorke
authors.affiliation: University of Manchester Medicines Evaluation Unit, University Hospital of South Manchester Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK.
authors.forename: Naimat
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.affiliation: The University of Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University Hospital South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK.
authors.forename: Jørgen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vestbo
authors.affiliation: University of Manchester Medicines Evaluation Unit, University Hospital of South Manchester Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK.
authors.forename: Dave
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: University of Manchester Medicines Evaluation Unit, University Hospital of South Manchester Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK.
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tyson
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D011594:Psychometrics; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis; D012307:Risk Factors; D057566:Self Report; D012890:Sleep; D012893:Sleep Wake Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology
keywords: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; sleep; symptom assessment; systematic review