title: Emission and profile characteristic of volatile organic compounds emitted from coke production, iron smelt, heating station and power plant in Liaoning Province, China.
abstract: 107 kinds of C₂-C₁₂ volatile organic compound (VOC) mass concentrations and profiles for four types of coal-fired stationary sources in Liaoning Province were studied by a dilution sampling system and GC-MS analysis method, which are of significant importance with regard to VOC emissions in northeast of China. The results showed that there were some differences among these VOC source profiles. The total mass concentrations of analyzed 107 VOC species varied from 10,917 to 19,652 μg m(-3). Halogenated hydrocarbons exhibited higher mass percentages for the VOC source profiles of iron smelt (48.8%) and coke production plant (37.7%). Aromatic hydrocarbons were the most abundant in heating station plant (69.1%). Ketones, alcohols and acetates held 45.0% of total VOCs in thermal power plant. For non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHCs), which are demanded for photochemical assessment in the USA, toluene and n-hexane were the most abundant species in the iron smelt, coke production and thermal power plant, with the mass percentages of 64.8%, 52.7% and 38.6%, respectively. Trimethylbenzene, n-propylbenzene and o,m-ethyltoluene approximately accounted for 70.0% in heating station plant. NMHCs emitted from coke production, iron smelt, heating station and power plant listed above presented different chemical reactivities. The average OH loss rate of NMHCs from heating station, was 4 to 5.6 times higher than that of NMHCs from iron smelt, coke production and power plant, which implies that VOCs emitted from heating station in northeast of China should be controlled firstly to avoid photochemical ozone pollution and protect human health. There are significant variations in the ratios of benzene/toluene and m, p-xylene/ethylbenzene of these coal-fired source profiles. The representativeness of the coal-fired sources studied and the VOC samples collected should be more closely examined. The accuracy of VOC source profiles related to coal-fired processes is highly dependent on location and sampling method.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China. Electronic address: shijianwu2000@sina.com.
authors.forename: Jianwu
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China.
authors.forename: Hao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.affiliation: Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China. Electronic address: baizp@craes.org.cn.
authors.forename: Zhipeng
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Bai
authors.affiliation: Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China; Key Laboratory for Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation of China Meteorological Administration, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China.
authors.forename: Shaofei
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kong
authors.affiliation: College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Weijin Road 94#, Tianjin, China.
authors.forename: Xiuyan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China; School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
authors.forename: Jiming
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hao
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China.
authors.forename: Xinyu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China.
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ning
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D002681:China; D003077:Coke; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D007501:Iron; D008669:Metallurgy; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000032:analysis; D011210:Power Plants; D055549:Volatile Organic Compounds / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D003077:Coke; D052638:Particulate Matter; D055549:Volatile Organic Compounds; D007501:Iron
keywords: Coal-fired stationary sources; Diagnostic ratios; OH loss rate; Source profiles; Volatile organic compounds