title: Exercise training protects the LDL I subfraction from oxidation susceptibility in an aged human population.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Exercise training is considered an effective strategy to improve metabolic disease. Despite this, less is known regarding exercise training in the prevention and susceptibility of LDL subfraction oxidation, particularly in an aged population.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eleven aged (55 ± 4 yrs) and twelve young (21 ± 2 yrs) participants were randomly separated into an experimental or control group as follows: young exercise (n = 6); young control (n = 6); aged exercise (n = 6) and aged control (n = 5). The participants assigned to the exercise groups performed 12 weeks of moderate intensity (55-65% VO2max) exercise training. Venous blood was extracted at baseline, and 48 h following 12 weeks of exercise and assayed for a range of metabolites associated with lipid composition and lipoprotein susceptibility to oxidation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Although there was no difference in the oxidation potential (time ½ max) of LDL I, II or III between groups at baseline (p > 0.05), there was an increase in time ½ max for LDL I following exercise within the aged exercise group (p < 0.05). Moreover, α-tocopherol concentration was selectively lower in the aged exercise group, compared to the young exercise at baseline. The lipid composition of LDL I, LDL II, LDL III, VLDL, HDL2, HDL3 and serum lipid hydroperoxides remained unchanged as a function of exercise training and ageing (p > 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The primary finding of this study demonstrates that adaptations in LDL resistance to oxidation occur following 12 weeks of exercise training in the aged, and this may be of clinical significance, as oxidation of LDL has been implicated in atherosclerosis.
authors.affiliation: Sport and Exercise Science Research Institute, Ulster University, Jordanstown, Co. Antrim, Northern Ireland, BT37 OQB, UK.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Medlow
authors.affiliation: Centre for Public Health, School of Medicine, Queens University Belfast, BT12 6BJ, UK.
authors.forename: Jane
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: McEneny
authors.affiliation: Sport and Exercise Science Research Institute, Ulster University, Jordanstown, Co. Antrim, Northern Ireland, BT37 OQB, UK.
authors.forename: Marie H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Murphy
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Ulster Hospital, Dundonald BT16 IRH, UK.
authors.forename: Tom
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Trinick
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Ulster Hospital, Dundonald BT16 IRH, UK.
authors.forename: Ellie
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Duly
authors.affiliation: Sport and Exercise Science Research Institute, Ulster University, Jordanstown, Co. Antrim, Northern Ireland, BT37 OQB, UK. Electronic address: gw.davison@ulster.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Gareth W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Davison
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000375:Aging / Q000097:blood*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D015444:Exercise; D006801:Humans; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation; D008054:Lipid Peroxides / Q000097:blood; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000097:blood; D013997:Time Factors; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D015415:Biomarkers; D008054:Lipid Peroxides; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL; C099252:oxidized low density lipoprotein; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase
keywords: Atherosclerosis; Exercise; LDL cholesterol; Lipid oxidation