title: Synthesis, development, characterization and effectiveness of bovine pure platelet gel-collagen-polydioxanone bioactive graft on tendon healing.
abstract: Bovine platelet gel (BPG) is an accessible and cost-effective source of growth factors which may have a value in tendon regenerative medicine. We produced a collagen implant (CI) as a tendon proper, covered it with polydioxanone (PDS) sheath to simulate paratenon and finally embedded the BPG as an active source of growth factor within the bioimplant to test whether BPG would be able to accelerate and enhance tendon regeneration and repair. After in vitro characterization of the bioactive grafts, the grafts were implanted in rabbit large tendon defect model. Untreated tendons and tendons treated with either CI or CI-PDS were served as controls for the CI-PDS-BPG. The animals were investigated clinically, ultrasonographically and haematologically for 120 days. After euthanasia, dry matter content, water uptake and delivery characteristics and also gross morphological, histopathological and scanning electron microscopic features of the healing tendons were assessed. In vitro, the activated platelets in the scaffold, released their growth factors significantly more than the controls. BPG also increased cell viability, and enhanced cellular differentiation, maturation and proliferation inside the CI-PDS compared with the controls. In vivo, the BPG modulated inflammation, increased quality and rate of fibroplasia and produced a remodelled tendon that had significantly higher collagen content and superior collagen fibril and fibre differentiation than controls. Treatment also significantly improved tendon water uptake and delivery characteristics, animals' serum PDGF level, CI-PDS biocompatibility and biodegradability and reduced peritendinous adhesions, muscle fibrosis and atrophy. BPG was effective on tendon healing and CI-PDS-BPG may be a valuable bioscaffold in tendon reconstructive surgery.
authors.affiliation: Division of Surgery and Radiology, Department of Clinical Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Moshiri
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
authors.forename: Ahmad
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Oryan
authors.affiliation: Division of Surgery and Radiology, Department of Clinical Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
authors.forename: Abdolhamid
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Meimandi-Parizi
mesh_terms: D020341:Absorbable Implants; D000125:Achilles Tendon / Q000293:injuries; D000818:Animals; D001792:Blood Platelets / Q000378:metabolism*; D002417:Cattle; D003094:Collagen / Q000378:metabolism*; D005782:Gels / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D010982:Platelet-Derived Growth Factor / Q000378:metabolism; D016687:Polydioxanone / Q000378:metabolism; D011817:Rabbits; D013708:Tendon Injuries / Q000097:blood / Q000601:surgery*; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods*; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds; D016378:Tissue Transplantation / Q000379:methods*; D014183:Transplantation, Heterologous; D014945:Wound Healing
chemical_list: D005782:Gels; D010982:Platelet-Derived Growth Factor; D016687:Polydioxanone; D003094:Collagen
keywords: bioactive graft; bovine platelet gel; growth factors; healing; modelling; regenerative medicine; remodelling; tissue engineering