title: Willingness of Directed Living Donors and Their Recipients to Participate in Kidney Paired Donation Programs.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Participation of compatible living donors and recipients in kidney paired donation (KPD) could double the number of KPD transplants. We determined the willingness of previous directed donors and their recipients to participate in KPD and identified the association of various factors, including financial incentives, with willingness to participate.
  
  
  METHODS
  Survey of previous directed living kidney donors and their recipients in a single Canadian center between 2001 and 2009.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among 207 of 222 eligible living donors contacted, 86 (42%) completed the anonymous survey: 93% (78/86) of donors indicated willingness to participate in KPD if this option had been provided at the time of donation. An increased willingness to participate was reported among the majority of respondents if reimbursements for lost wages and travel expenses were provided; however, cash payments between $5 000 and $50 000 had little impact on willingness. Willingness was also increased with an advantage to the recipient (younger donor or better human leukocyte antigen match), whereas delays beyond 3 months and donor travel were associated with reduced willingness to participate. Among 38 recipients approached during routine clinical follow-up visits over a 3-month period, 100% completed the survey, and 36 of 38 (92%) reported they would have been willing to participate in KPD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Over 90% of directed donors and recipients were willing to participate in KPD. Reimbursement for the costs of participation and improved efficiency of KPD (i.e., eliminating travel and reducing transplant times), but not cash payments, may increase participation of compatible donors and recipients in KPD.
authors.affiliation: 1 Division of Nephrology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada. 2 Center for Health Evaluation and Outcomes Sciences, Vancouver, BC, Canada. 3 Tufts-New England Medical Center, Boston, MA.
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hendren
authors.forename: Jagbir
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gill
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Landsberg
authors.forename: Jianghu
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.forename: Caren
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rose
authors.forename: John S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Gill
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000533:Altruism; D001955:British Columbia; D035881:Compensation and Redress; D033001:Directed Tissue Donation / Q000191:economics; D005260:Female; D037921:Gift Giving; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D007182:Income; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods / Q000523:psychology*; D019520:Living Donors / Q000523:psychology* / Q000600:supply & distribution; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009042:Motivation; D010358:Patient Participation; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D066027:Transplant Recipients / Q000523:psychology*; D014186:Transportation / Q000191:economics