title: Phylogenetic groups of Escherichia coli strains from patients with urinary tract infection in Iran based on the new Clermont phylotyping method.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In 2013, Clermont classified E. coli strains into eight phylogenetic groups using a new quadruplex PCR method. The aims of this study were to identify the phylogenetic groups of E. coli based on this method and to assess their antibiotic resistance patterns in Bushehr, Iran.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this cross-sectional study, 140 E. coli isolates were subjected to phylogenetic typing by a quadruplex PCR method. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by disk diffusion method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Phylogenetic group B2 was most predominant (39.3%), followed by unknown (27.1%), E (9.3%), C and clade I (each 6.4%), B1 (5%), F and D (each 2.9%), and A (0.7%). The most common antibiotic resistance was related to amoxicillin (82.1%) and the least to meropenem (0.7%). 82.14% of isolates were multiple drug resistant (MDR). Antibiotic resistance was mainly detected in group B2 (50%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings showed the high prevalence of MDR E. coli isolates with dominance of group B2. About 25% of E. coli isolates belong to the newly described phylogroups C, E, F, and clade I. Such studies need to be done also in other regions to provide greater understanding of the antibiotic resistance pattern and the prevalences of different phylogenetic groups.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr 7514633196, Iran.
authors.forename: Darioush
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-3009-6579
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Iranpour
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr 7514633196, Iran.
authors.forename: Mojtaba
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-8308-6115
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hassanpour
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics, Islamic Azad University, Marvdasht Branch, Marvdasht, Iran.
authors.forename: Hossein
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-9928-7261
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ansari
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr 7514633196, Iran.
authors.forename: Saeed
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-6023-3939
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tajbakhsh
authors.affiliation: Department of Hematology, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr 7514633196, Iran.
authors.forename: Gholamreza
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-5773-9012
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Khamisipour
authors.affiliation: Department of Marine Microbiology, The Persian Gulf Marine Biotechnology Medicine Research Center, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr 7514633196, Iran.
authors.forename: Akram
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-3752-6033
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Najafi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004352:Drug Resistance, Microbial / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D024901:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D004927:Escherichia coli Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007492:Iran; D008297:Male; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests / Q000379:methods; D008875:Middle Aged; D010802:Phylogeny; D014552:Urinary Tract Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents