title: Effects of exogenous gibberellic acid3 on iron and manganese plaque amounts and iron and manganese uptake in rice.
abstract: Gibberellins (GA) regulate various components of plant development. Iron and Mn plaque result from oxiding and hydroxiding Fe and Mn, respectively, on the roots of aquatic plant species such as rice (Oryza sativa L.). In this study, we found that exogenous gibberellic acid3 (GA3) spray decreased Fe plaque, but increased Mn plaque, with applications of Kimura B nutrient solution. Similar effects from GA3, leading to reduced Fe plaque and increased Mn plaque, were also found by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometric microanalysis. Reduced Fe plaque was observed after applying GA3 to the groups containing added Fe2+ (17 and 42 mg•L(-1)) and an increasing trend was detected in Mn plaques of the Mn2+ (34 and 84 mg•L(-1)) added treatments. In contrast, an inhibitor of GA3, uniconazole, reversed the effects of GA3. The uptake of Fe or Mn in rice plants was enhanced after GA3 application and Fe or Mn plaque production. Strong synergetic effects of GA3 application on Fe plaque production were detected. However, no synergetic effects on Mn plaque production were detected.
authors.affiliation: College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
authors.forename: Yue
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
authors.forename: Changhua
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
authors.forename: Lijun
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gan
authors.affiliation: CP Bio, Inc., 4802 Murrieta St., Chino, California, 91710, United States of America.
authors.forename: Denny
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ng
authors.affiliation: College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
authors.forename: Kai
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Xia
mesh_terms: D000429:Alcohol Oxidoreductases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005875:Gibberellins / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007501:Iron / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D008345:Manganese / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D012275:Oryza / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D036226:Seedlings / Q000737:chemistry / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D013052:Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission; D014230:Triazoles / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D005875:Gibberellins; D014230:Triazoles; D008345:Manganese; C007842:gibberellic acid; D007501:Iron; D000429:Alcohol Oxidoreductases; C020821:glycollate oxidase; C092705:uniconazole