title: Influence of culture media on biofilm formation by Candida species and response of sessile cells to antifungals and oxidative stress.
abstract: The aims of the study were to evaluate the influence of culture media on biofilm formation by C. albicans, C. glabrata, C. krusei, and C. parapsilosis and to investigate the responses of sessile cells to antifungals and reactive oxygen species (ROS) as compared to planktonic cells. For biofilm formation, the Candida species were grown at different periods of time in YP or YNB media supplemented or not with 0.2 or 2% glucose. Sessile and planktonic cells were exposed to increasing concentrations of antifungals, H2O2, menadione or silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). Biofilms were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and quantified by the XTT assay. C. albicans formed biofilms preferentially in YPD containing 2% glucose (YPD/2%), C. glabrata in glucose-free YNB or supplemented with 0.2% glucose (YNB/0.2%), while C. krusei and C. parapsilosis preferred YP, YPD/0.2%, and YPD/2%. Interestingly, only C. albicans produced an exopolymeric matrix. This is the first report dealing with the in vitro effect of the culture medium and glucose on the formation of biofilms in four Candida species as well as the resistance of sessile cells to antifungals, AgNPs, and ROS. Our results suggest that candidiasis in vivo is a multifactorial and complex process where the nutritional conditions, the human immune system, and the adaptability of the pathogen should be considered altogether to provide an effective treatment of the patient.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Biología, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad de Guanajuato, Campus Guanajuato, Noria Alta S/N, 36050 Guanajuato, GTO, Mexico.
authors.forename: Isela
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Serrano-Fujarte
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Biología, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad de Guanajuato, Campus Guanajuato, Noria Alta S/N, 36050 Guanajuato, GTO, Mexico.
authors.forename: Everardo
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-2016-7399
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: López-Romero
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Biología, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad de Guanajuato, Campus Guanajuato, Noria Alta S/N, 36050 Guanajuato, GTO, Mexico.
authors.forename: Georgina Elena
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Reyna-López
authors.affiliation: Centro de Investigaciones en Optica AC, Loma del Bosque 115, Col. Lomas del Campestre, 37150 León, GTO, Mexico.
authors.forename: Ma Alejandrina
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Martínez-Gámez
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Electrónica y Biomédica, División de Ciencias e Ingenierías, Universidad de Guanajuato, Campus León, 37150 León, GTO, Mexico.
authors.forename: Arturo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vega-González
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Biología, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad de Guanajuato, Campus Guanajuato, Noria Alta S/N, 36050 Guanajuato, GTO, Mexico.
authors.forename: Mayra
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cuéllar-Cruz
mesh_terms: D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018441:Biofilms / Q000187:drug effects; D002175:Candida / Q000187:drug effects*; D003470:Culture Media / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D024483:Vitamin K 3 / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; D003470:Culture Media; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D024483:Vitamin K 3; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide