title: When you smile, the world smiles at you: ERP evidence for self-expression effects on face processing.
abstract: Current models of emotion simulation propose that intentionally posing a facial expression can change one's subjective feelings, which in turn influences the processing of visual input. However, the underlying neural mechanism whereby one's facial emotion modulates the visual cortical responses to other's facial expressions remains unknown. To understand how one's facial expression affects visual processing, we measured participants' visual evoked potentials (VEPs) during a facial emotion judgment task of positive and neutral faces. To control for the effects of facial muscles on VEPs, we asked participants to smile (adopting an expression of happiness), to purse their lips (incompatible with smiling) or to pose with a neutral face, in separate blocks. Results showed that the smiling expression modulates face-specific visual processing components (N170/vertex positive potential) to watching other facial expressions. Specifically, when making a happy expression, neutral faces are processed similarly to happy faces. When making a neutral expression or pursing the lips, however, responses to neutral and happy face are significantly different. This effect was source localized within multisensory associative areas, angular gyrus, associative visual cortex and somatosensory cortex. We provide novel evidence that one's own emotional expression acts as a top-down influence modulating low-level neural encoding during facial perception.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Action and Body, Department of Psychology, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, Surrey TW20 0EX, UK, Department of Psychology, City University London, London EC1V 0HB, UK, and alex.sel@rhul.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Alejandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sel
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, City University London, London EC1V 0HB, UK, and Department of Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid 28223, Spain.
authors.forename: Beatriz
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Calvo-Merino
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, City University London, London EC1V 0HB, UK, and.
authors.forename: Simone
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tuettenberg
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, City University London, London EC1V 0HB, UK, and.
authors.forename: Bettina
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Forster
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004569:Electroencephalography; D004644:Emotions / Q000502:physiology*; D005074:Evoked Potentials, Visual; D005149:Facial Expression; D005260:Female; D006240:Happiness; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D013003:Somatosensory Cortex; D014793:Visual Cortex / Q000502:physiology*; D014796:Visual Perception
keywords: N170; VEPs; emotional embodiment; face processing; facial feedback