title: Clinical analysis of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumor with liver metastasis, compared with primary hepatic neuroendocrine tumor.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective was to study the clinicopathologic features, grading, treatment protocols, and prognostic of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumor (NET) with liver metastasis and primary hepatic NET.
  
  
  METHODS
  The clinical data of 34 patients with hepatic NET were retrospectively reviewed. According to the primary tumor location and 2010 World Health Organization classification, the cases were categorized to analyze the clinicopathologic features, treatment condition, and prognostic factors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a marked male predominance either in gastroenteropancreatic NET liver metastasis group or primary group. Primary hepatic NET is mostly single nodule located in the right lobe of liver, and the metastatic hepatic NET is mostly from pancreas with multiple nodules and metastasizes to both lobes of the liver, with a high degree of malignancy and poor prognosis. There are 17 cases (50%) of NET and 17 cases (50%) of neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC) in all the 34 patients of this study. The mitotic figure and Ki-67 proliferation index are both higher in NEC group than in NET group, which indicated highly malignancy of the NEC. The 5-year disease-free survival (DFS) rates for primary group and metastatic group were 30% and 40%, respectively (P > 0.05), while the 5-year survival rates were 35% and 66%, respectively (P > 0.05). Different tumor grade was found closely associated with 5-year DFS (P < 0.05) and overall survival (OS) (P < 0.05) in both groups. Furthermore, we found 5-year DFS of patients with primary site of the tumor located in the gastrointestinal tract was much lower than that located in pancreas (P < 0.05), while the 5-year OS showed no significant differences between two groups (P > 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Surgery is an effective method for the treatment of hepatic NET; tumor grading is an important determinant factor of prognosis.
authors.forename: Y H
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: W T
authors.initials: WT
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ji
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: H C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Qiu
authors.affiliation: Department of Liver Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.affiliation: Department of Liver Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhou
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007414:Intestinal Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000556:secondary*; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology* / Q000556:secondary; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018358:Neuroendocrine Tumors / Q000401:mortality / Q000556:secondary*; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000556:secondary*; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000556:secondary*