title: Overtightening of halo pins resulting in intracranial penetration, pneumocephalus, and epileptic seizure.
abstract: A 60-year-old man sustained an undisplaced type III odontoid fracture following a fall down a full flight of stairs. His medical history was remarkable for a partial pancreatectomy and splenectomy in 2006 for chronic pancreatitis. This had rendered him diabetic, on insulin, and he required long-term administration of penicillin V. The fracture was treated with a halo vest, and, unknowing of its potentially serious consequences, the patient continued to tighten the halo pins himself. He presented 1 month later following a witnessed seizure. A computed tomography scan was performed, which demonstrated 2 cranial perforations, with the halo pins penetrating the cranium and resultant pneumocephalus. He was started on antiepileptic medication and was placed in a pinless halo system. He had no further seizures and has made an uneventful neurological recovery. This paper serves to highlight the potential complications which may arise from the use of a halo vest. Proper patient education is essential to avoid these serious yet avoidable events, and patients with low bone density and the immunosuppressed should be monitored closely.
authors.affiliation: The Walton Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK.
authors.forename: Alexander W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Glover
authors.affiliation: The Walton Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK.
authors.forename: Rasheed
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zakaria
authors.affiliation: The Walton Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: May
authors.affiliation: The Walton Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK.
authors.forename: Chris
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Barrett
keywords: Halo pin penetration; Odontoid fractures; Seizure