title: Effects of handling parameters on hydrogen sulfide emission from stored dairy manure.
abstract: Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) emission from liquid manure in the process preceding field application is an important issue in fertigation systems. Given that H2S poses a significant health risk, it is important to determine the effects of different handling parameters on H2S emissions to prevent health risks to farmers. In this study, the effects of total solids (TS; 3, 5, 7, 9, and 11%) and mixing speed (100, 200, 300, and 400 rpm), duration (5, 15, 30, and 60 min), and frequency (one, two, three, and four times a day) on H2S emissions from two different dairy manures were investigated. The results indicate that the quantity of sulfur-containing substrate intake determines the potential of dairy manure to emit H2S because manure from cows fed with concentrate-based feed generates higher amounts of H2S than manure from cows fed with forage-based feed. The H2S concentration increased with TS concentration and reached a maximum of 1133 ppm at a TS of 9%; thereafter, it decreased with further increases in TS concentration. H2S emission increased with mixing speed with a peak concentration of 3996 ppm at 400 rpm. A similar trend was observed for mixing duration. However, there were no significant differences between the amounts H2S emitted at different frequencies of mixing (P > 0.05). The results indicate that mixing speed, duration, and TS are the major determinants of the quantity of H2S emitted from dairy manure. Therefore, to prevent health risks associated with H2S emission from dairy manure, it is recommended that the mixing speed and duration should be kept as low as possible, while a TS concentration of above 9% should be applied during the fertigation of dairy manure.
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Animal and Food Hygiene, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan.
authors.forename: Fetra J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Andriamanohiarisoamanana
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Agriculture Science, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan.
authors.forename: Yushi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sakamoto
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Animal and Food Hygiene, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan.
authors.forename: Takaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamashiro
authors.affiliation: Airwater Co. Ltd., Sapporo, Hokkaido 003-0027, Japan.
authors.forename: Seiichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yasui
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Animal and Food Hygiene, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan.
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Iwasaki
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Agriculture Science, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan.
authors.forename: Ikko
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ihara
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Animal and Food Hygiene, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan.
authors.forename: Osamu
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Tsuji
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Animal and Food Hygiene, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan. Electronic address: umetsu@obihiro.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Kazutaka
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Umetsu
mesh_terms: D000395:Air Pollutants, Occupational / Q000737:chemistry*; D000821:Animal Feed; D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D003612:Dairying; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D005260:Female; D006862:Hydrogen Sulfide / Q000737:chemistry*; D008372:Manure / Q000032:analysis*; D018505:Waste Management
chemical_list: D000395:Air Pollutants, Occupational; D008372:Manure; D006862:Hydrogen Sulfide
keywords: Dairy manure; Hydrogen sulfide; Mixing; Total solids