title: Factors influencing field testing of alcohol-based hand rubs.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  According to the World Health Organization guidelines, field tests, in the context of a bid for the supply of alcohol-based hand rubs, should take into account climatic region, test period, products already in use, and type of use (hygienic or surgical) when assessing tolerance. This laborious method is often contested.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To conduct a post hoc analysis of the data of a large bid, including 5 factors, to validate the relevance of their inclusion.
  
  
  METHODS
  For the purposes of the bid, products were compared in terms of the 4 World Health Organization tolerance criteria (appearance, intactness, moisture content, sensation) during product testing and were separated into groups on the basis of the studied factors. The post hoc analysis method included (1) comparison of the mean before-and-after difference based on the self-evaluation of the skin with the 4 World Health Organization tolerance criteria, between climatic regions, periods, products in use, test product, and the type of use; (2) generalized linear models, taking into account all studied factors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The analysis included data for 1,925 pairs of professionals. The means of the differences observed were independently and significantly associated with the test period (P<.001), the hygienic or surgical use (P=.010 to .041, not significant for appearance), the product already in use (significant for appearance P=.021), and the test product (P<.001). The association with climatic region was found to be significant only in the nonadjusted analysis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The type of use, the test period, and the product in use should be taken into account when designing field tests of alcohol-based hand rubs.
authors.affiliation: 1Nosocomial Infection Department Hospices Civils de Lyon,Lyon,France.
authors.forename: Raphaële
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Girard
authors.affiliation: 2Pharmacy Hospices Civils de Lyon,Lyon,France.
authors.forename: Emmanuelle
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Carre
authors.affiliation: 2Pharmacy Hospices Civils de Lyon,Lyon,France.
authors.forename: Valérie
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Mermet
authors.affiliation: 3Nosocomial Infection Department CHU Amiens,Amiens,France.
authors.forename: Crespin C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Adjide
authors.affiliation: 4Nosocomial Infection Department CH Belfort Montbelliard,Belfort,France.
authors.forename: Sylviane
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Blaise
authors.affiliation: 5Economic Department CHU Dijon,Dijon,France.
authors.forename: Monique
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dagain
authors.affiliation: 6Pharmacy Assistance Publique des Hopitaux de Marseille,Marseille,France.
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Debeuret
authors.affiliation: 7Economic Department CH Dieppe,Dieppe,France.
authors.forename: Stéphane
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Delande
authors.affiliation: 8Pharmacy CHU Saint Etienne,Saint Etienne,France.
authors.forename: Valérie
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Dubois
authors.affiliation: 9Nosocomial Infection Department CHU Saint Etienne,Saint Etienne,France.
authors.forename: Pascal
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Fascia
authors.affiliation: 10Pharmacy CHU Bordeaux,Bordeaux,France.
authors.forename: Caroline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hadjadj
authors.affiliation: 5Economic Department CHU Dijon,Dijon,France.
authors.forename: Marianne
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Honnart
authors.affiliation: 6Pharmacy Assistance Publique des Hopitaux de Marseille,Marseille,France.
authors.forename: Christelle
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Labrande
authors.affiliation: 11Nosocomial Infection Department CHU Bordeaux,Bordeaux,France.
authors.forename: Agnès Lasheras
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Bauduin
authors.affiliation: 12Economic Department CHU Amiens,Amiens,France.
authors.forename: Adeline
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.affiliation: 10Pharmacy CHU Bordeaux,Bordeaux,France.
authors.forename: Françoise
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Petiteau Moreau
authors.affiliation: 13Nosocomial Infection Department Assistance Publique des Hopitaux de Marseille,Marseille,France.
authors.forename: Nicole
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Roattino
authors.affiliation: 14Pharmacy CH Belfort Montbelliard,Belfort,France.
authors.forename: Estelle
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rougeot
authors.affiliation: 15Nosocomial Infection Department CHU Grenoble,Grenoble,France.
authors.forename: Jacqueline
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shum Cheong Sing
authors.affiliation: 16Pharmacy CHU Angers,Angers,France.
authors.forename: Martine
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Urban
authors.affiliation: 1Nosocomial Infection Department Hospices Civils de Lyon,Lyon,France.
authors.forename: Marie Laure
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Valdeyron
mesh_terms: D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D002980:Climate; D006235:Hand Disinfection / Q000379:methods*; D064548:Hand Sanitizers / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D012107:Research Design; D057566:Self Report; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D064548:Hand Sanitizers