title: IGF2 signaling and regulation in cancer.
abstract: Upregulation of IGF2 occurs in both childhood and adult malignancies. Its overexpression is associated with resistance to chemotherapy and worse prognosis. IGF2 promoter usage is developmentally regulated; however, malignant tissues are characterized by re-activation of the fetal IGF2 promoters, especially P3. In this review, we describe the mechanisms of IGF2 signaling and regulation in normal and malignant tissues and their clinical implications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology & Women's Health (Division of Gynecologic Oncology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, United States; Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States.
authors.forename: Jurriaan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Brouwer-Visser
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology & Women's Health (Division of Gynecologic Oncology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, United States; Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States; Albert Einstein Cancer Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States. Electronic address: ghuang@montefiore.org.
authors.forename: Gloria S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Huang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007335:Insulin-Like Growth Factor II / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D007335:Insulin-Like Growth Factor II
keywords: Cancer; Chemoresistance; IGF2