title: Killing dental pathogens using antibacterial graphene oxide.
abstract: Dental caries and periodontal diseases have a close relationship with microbes such as Streptococcus mutans, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum. Graphene oxide (GO), as the derivative of graphene, plays an important role in many areas including biology and medicine. In particular, it has been known as a promising antimicrobial nanomaterial. In this study, we focused on the antimicrobial property of GO against dental pathogens. With the utilization of 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) reduced test, colony forming units (CFU) counting, growth curve observation, live/dead fluorescent staining, and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), we found GO nanosheets were highly effective in inhibiting the growth of dental pathogens. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images revealed that the cell wall and membrane of bacteria lost their integrity and the intracellular contents leaked out after they were treated by GO. Therefore, GO nanosheets would be an effective antibacterial material against dental pathogens and the potential applications in dental care and therapy are promising.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endodontics, Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, and §Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , 639 ZhiZaoJu Road, Shanghai 200011, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jianliang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Xiaodan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Zhengnan
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Qi
authors.forename: Chang
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Xiaojun
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Mao
authors.forename: Cailian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Zhiyan
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Mingyu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Zisheng
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Tang
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D003731:Dental Caries / Q000382:microbiology; D016967:Fusobacterium nucleatum / Q000187:drug effects; D006108:Graphite / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D049329:Nanostructures / Q000737:chemistry; D010087:Oxides / Q000737:chemistry; D016966:Porphyromonas gingivalis / Q000187:drug effects; D013295:Streptococcus mutans / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D010087:Oxides; D006108:Graphite
keywords: Fusobacterium nucleatum; Porphyromonas gingivalis; Streptococcus mutans; antibacterial material; dental pathogens; graphene oxide