title: Changes of T-lymphocyte subpopulation and differential expression pattern of the T-bet and GATA-3 genes in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma patients after chemotherapy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  T cell-mediated immunity plays an important role in enhancing antitumor response.This study aimed to investigate the changes in the T-lymphocyte subpopulation and to characterize the differential expression pattern of corresponding regulatory genes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) patients before and after chemotherapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 56 DLBCL patients were recruited for analysis of T-cell subset distribution in the peripheral blood using flow cytometry; serum interferon (IFN)-γ and interleukin (IL)-4 levels using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays; and early growth response protein 1 (EGR-1), T-bet, GATA-binding protein 3 (GATA-3), and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β mRNA levels using quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. Twenty-six healthy subjects served as controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The percentage of CD3(+)CD4(+)T lymphocytes in peripheral blood from DLBCL patients was significantly decreased, whereas the percentages of CD3(+)CD8(+)T and CD4(+)CD25(+)T cells were significantly increased compared to those in controls (p < 0.05). Serum levels of IFN-γ and IL-4 were also significantly lower in DLBCL patients than those in controls (p < 0.05), and the levels of EGR-1, T-bet, and GATA-3 mRNA in PBMCs were lower (2.69 ± 1.48, 9.43 ± 2.14, and 20.83 ± 9.05 fold, respectively) in DLBCL patients than those in controls. Furthermore, there was a positive association between the levels of EGR-1 and T-bet mRNA (p = 0.001). However, the level of TGF-β mRNA was significantly increased in DLBCL patients, which was inversely associated with the T-bet mRNA level (p = 0.008), but positively associated with the percentage of T regulatory cells in PBMCs (p = 0.011). After three cycles of chemotherapy, the distribution of T-lymphocyte subsets in DLBCL patients were changed, and the levels of EGR-1, T-bet, and GATA-3 mRNA were significantly increased (p < 0.05) compared to those before chemotherapy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results demonstrate the changes in T-lymphocyte subpopulations and the altered expression 34 pattern of the corresponding regulatory genes in PBMCs from DLBCL patients after chemotherapy, which are associated with the response of patients to treatment. The preferential expression of the T-bet gene after chemotherapy was closely correlated with the increased expression of the EGR-1 gene and decreased expression of the TGF-β gene.
authors.affiliation: Henan Cancer Hospital, Henan Institute of Hematology, and Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan China.
authors.forename: Qingsong
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.affiliation: Henan Cancer Hospital, Henan Institute of Hematology, and Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan China.
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Henan Cancer Hospital, Henan Institute of Hematology, and Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan China.
authors.forename: Qianyu
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Henan Cancer Hospital, Henan Institute of Hematology, and Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan China.
authors.forename: Ruihua
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mi
authors.affiliation: Henan Cancer Hospital, Henan Institute of Hematology, and Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan China.
authors.forename: Yufu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Henan Cancer Hospital, Henan Institute of Hematology, and Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan China.
authors.forename: Xudong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.affiliation: Henan Cancer Hospital, Henan Institute of Hematology, and Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan China.
authors.forename: Yongping
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Song
keywords: Diffuse large B cell lymphoma; GATA-3; Immunoregulation; T-bet; Th1/Th2