title: Stability of dicyclohexylamine and fumagillin in honey.
abstract: Fumagillin is extensively used to control nosema disease in apiculture. In the commercial formulation, fumagillin is present as a salt in an equimolar quantity with dicyclohexylamine (DCH). In this study DCH was observed to be significantly more resistant to degradation in honey than fumagillin using LC-MS/MS analysis. Observed half-lives for DCH ranged from a minimum of 368 days when kept at 34 °C in darkness, to a maximum of 852 days when stored at 21 °C in darkness. A maximum half-life of 246 days was observed for fumagillin in samples kept in darkness at a temperature of 21 °C. The observed half-life of fumagillin was estimated to be 3 days when exposed to light at 21 °C, and complete decomposition was observed after 30 days under the same conditions. The stability of DCH, combined with its genotoxicity and tumorigenic properties make it an important potential contaminant in honey destined for human consumption.
authors.affiliation: Alberta Agriculture and Rural Development, Animal Health and Assurance Division, Agri-Food Laboratories Branch, 6909-116 Street, Edmonton, Alberta T6H 4P2, Canada. Electronic address: johan.vandenheever@gov.ab.ca.
authors.forename: Johan P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: van den Heever
authors.affiliation: Alberta Agriculture and Rural Development, Animal Health and Assurance Division, Agri-Food Laboratories Branch, 6909-116 Street, Edmonton, Alberta T6H 4P2, Canada.
authors.forename: Thomas S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Thompson
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2P5, Canada.
authors.forename: Jonathan M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Curtis
authors.affiliation: Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada, Beaverlodge Research Farm, P.O. Box 29, Beaverlodge, Alberta T0H 0C0, Canada.
authors.forename: Stephen F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Pernal
mesh_terms: D002853:Chromatography, Liquid; D003510:Cyclohexanes / Q000737:chemistry*; D003514:Cyclohexylamines / Q000737:chemistry*; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated / Q000737:chemistry*; D006722:Honey / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D012717:Sesquiterpenes / Q000737:chemistry; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry
chemical_list: D003510:Cyclohexanes; D003514:Cyclohexylamines; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; D012717:Sesquiterpenes; C011769:dicyclohexylamine; C026211:fumagillin
keywords: DCH; Dicyclohexylamine; Fumagillin; Half-life; Honey; Stability