title: An ethanol root extract of Cynanchum wilfordii containing acetophenones suppresses the expression of VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 in TNF-α-stimulated human aortic smooth muscle cells through the NF-κB pathway.
abstract: The root of Cynanchum wilfordii (C. wilfordii) contains several biologically active compounds which have been used as traditional medicines in Asia. In the present study, we evaluated the anti-inflammatory effects of an ethanol root extract of C. wilfordii (CWE) on tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α-stimulated human aortic smooth muscle cells (HASMCs). The inhibitory effects of CWE on vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1 expression under an optimum extraction condition were examined. CWE suppressed the expression of VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 and the adhesion of THP-1 monocytes to the TNF-α-stimulated HASMCs. Consistent with the in vitro observations, CWE inhibited the aortic expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 in atherogenic diet-fed mice. CWE also downregulated the expression of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB p65) and its uclear translocation in the stimulated HASMCs. In order to identify the active components in CWE, we re-extracted CWE using several solvents, and found that the ethyl acetate fraction was the most effective in suppressing the expression of VCAM-1 and ICAM-1. Four major acetophenones were purified from the ethyl acetate fraction, and two components, p-hydroxyacetophenone and cynandione A, potently inhibited the expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 in the stimulated HASMCs. We assessed and determined the amounts of these two active components from CWE, and our results suggested that the root of C. wilfordii and its two bioactive acetophenones may be used for the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis and vascular inflammatory diseases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicinal and Industrial Crops, Korea National College of Agriculture and Fisheries, Jeonju 560-500, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hyun Jung
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Koo
authors.affiliation: Department of Herbal Medicine Resources, Kangwon National University, Samcheok, Gangwon-do 245‑710, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Eun-Hwa
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Sohn
authors.affiliation: Division of Immunopharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi‑do 440‑746, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Suhkneung
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pyo
authors.affiliation: Department of Life Science, Gachon University, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-Do 461-701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Han Goo
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Woo
authors.affiliation: Department of Life Science, Gachon University, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-Do 461-701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Dae Won
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Jeju Biodiversity Research Institute, Jeju Technopark, Jeju 699-943, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Young-Min
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Ham
authors.affiliation: Department of Life Science, Gachon University, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-Do 461-701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Seon-A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Jang
authors.affiliation: Jeju Biodiversity Research Institute, Jeju Technopark, Jeju 699-943, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Soo-Yeong
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Life Science, Gachon University, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-Do 461-701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Se Chan
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Kang
mesh_terms: D000098:Acetophenones / Q000494:pharmacology*; D021581:Active Transport, Cell Nucleus; D000818:Animals; D001011:Aorta / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D031105:Cynanchum / Q000737:chemistry*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D009000:Monocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D032389:Myocytes, Smooth Muscle / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism*; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000737:chemistry; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000098:Acetophenones; D016328:NF-kappa B; D010936:Plant Extracts; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1