title: Maternal Antenatal Attachment Scale (MAAS): adaptation to Spanish and proposal for a brief version of 12 items.
abstract: The psychometric properties of the adapted Spanish version of the Maternal Antenatal Attachment Scale were examined. The main goal was to investigate the reliability and construct validity of the conceptual structure of Condon's proposal. Five hundred twenty-five pregnant women, attending maternal education classes in Bizkaia (Spain), answered the translated and back-translated version of the Maternal Antenatal Attachment Scale. This scale comprises 19 items with five answer choices divided into two subscales: quality of attachment and intensity of attachment. Participants also answered a questionnaire about the reproductive history that was developed ad hoc for the present study. The Spanish adaptation of the Maternal Antenatal Attachment Scale final version comprises 12 items: seven items have been removed due to their inadequate psychometric properties. Internal consistency of the inventory is moderate-high (.73) and it ranges from .68 (intensity of attachment) to .75 (quality of attachment) for the dimensions. Three alternative structural models were proven using a confirmatory factor analysis. Lastly, the two-related-factor model was chosen, as it obtained suitable fit indexes (χ (2) = 102.28; p < .001; goodness-of-fit index (GFI) = .92; comparative fit index (CFI) = .95; root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) = .042, 90 % CI [.030-.054]). Due to its adequate psychometric properties, the Spanish version of the Maternal Antenatal Attachment Scale can be proposed as a suitable instrument for the purpose of measuring antenatal attachment. The study of antenatal attachment helps to detect possible difficulties for the mother in establishing an affective relationship with the foetus. This may affect the foetus growth, delivery and the future mother-child relationship.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Psychology and Education, University of Deusto, Avenida de las Universidades, 24, 48007, Bilbao, Bizkaia, Spain. lucia.navarro@deusto.es.
authors.forename: Lucía
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Navarro-Aresti
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Psychology and Education, University of Deusto, Avenida de las Universidades, 24, 48007, Bilbao, Bizkaia, Spain.
authors.forename: Ioseba
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Iraurgi
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Psychology and Education, University of Deusto, Avenida de las Universidades, 24, 48007, Bilbao, Bizkaia, Spain.
authors.forename: Leire
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Iriarte
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Psychology and Education, University of Deusto, Avenida de las Universidades, 24, 48007, Bilbao, Bizkaia, Spain.
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Martínez-Pampliega
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D033261:Maternal-Fetal Relations / Q000523:psychology*; D009034:Mother-Child Relations; D009769:Object Attachment; D010555:Personality Inventory; D011247:Pregnancy; D037841:Pregnant People / Q000523:psychology*; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013030:Spain; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires / Q000592:standards*; D014175:Translating; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Assessment; Maternal Antenatal Attachment Scale; Maternal-foetal attachment; Pregnancy; Prenatal bonding