title: Primary Cilia in Tumor Biology: The Primary Cilium as a Therapeutic Target in Cholangiocarcinoma.
abstract: Cilia are microtubule-based organelles, which are ubiquitously expressed in epithelial cells. Cholangiocytes, the epithelial cells lining the biliary tree, have primary cilia extending from their apical plasma membrane into the ductal lumen, where the cilia function as multisensory organelles transducing environmental cues into the cell interior. The decrease or loss of primary cilia has been described in several malignancies, including cholangiocarcinoma, suggesting that the loss of cilia is a common occurrence in neoplastic transformation. In this short review, we describe the expression of cilia in several cancers, explore the mechanisms and consequences of ciliary loss, and discuss the potential use of the primary cilia as therapeutic targets.
authors.affiliation: Cancer Cell Biology and Translational Research. The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota. 801 16th Avenue NE. Austin, MN 55912, United States.
authors.forename: Sergio A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Gradilone
authors.affiliation: Center for Cell Signaling in Gastroenterology, Division of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Mayo Clinic Rochester, MN, United States.
authors.forename: Maria J Lorenzo
authors.initials: MJL
authors.lastname: Pisarello
authors.affiliation: Center for Cell Signaling in Gastroenterology, Division of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Mayo Clinic Rochester, MN, United States.
authors.forename: Nicholas F
authors.initials: NF
authors.lastname: LaRusso
mesh_terms: D001650:Bile Duct Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D018281:Cholangiocarcinoma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D002923:Cilia / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System / Q000187:drug effects; D058990:Molecular Targeted Therapy
keywords: HDAC6; Primary cilia; bile duct cancer; cholangiocarcinoma; cholangiocyte; ciliotherapy