title: Influenza A virus infection of intestinal epithelial cells enhances the adhesion ability of Crohn's disease associated Escherichia coli strains.
abstract: Modifications of intestinal glycoreceptors expression, in particular CEACAM6, typically found in ileal Crohn's disease (CD), favor, among the commensal species of microbiota, the enrichment in Escherichia coli. Removal of protein glycosidic residues by neuraminidase, a sialidase typical of influenza virus, increases adhesion ability of Escherichia coli to Caco-2 intestinal cells. In this study we investigated whether influenza virus infection of human intestinal epithelial cells could influence the adhesiveness of different Escherichia coli strains isolated from CD patients by altering surface glycoreceptors. Influenza virus infection of intestinal cells increased exposure of galactose and mannose residues on the cell surface. In particular, glycoreceptors Thomsen-Friedenreich and CEACAM6 were over-expressed in influenza virus infected cells. In the same experimental conditions, a significant increase in bacterial adhesiveness was observed, independently of their own adhesive ability. The increase was reverted by treatment with anti-TF and anti-CEACAM6 antibodies. Interestingly, influenza virus was able to efficiently replicate in human primary intestinal cells leading to TF exposure. Finally, intestinal infected cells produced high levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines compared to control. Overall these data suggest that influenza virus infection, could constitute an additional risk factor in CD patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, "Sapienza" University, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Aleandri
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, "Sapienza" University, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Maria Pia
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Conte
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, "Sapienza" University, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Giovanna
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Simonetti
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, "Sapienza" University, Rome, Italy; IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Telematic University, Rome, Italy, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Simona
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Panella
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, "Sapienza" University, Rome, Italy; CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate, Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Ignacio
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Celestino
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Pasteur Institute Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, "Sapienza" University, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Paola
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Checconi
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, "Sapienza" University, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Massimiliano
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Marazzato
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, "Sapienza" University, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Catia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Longhi
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, "Sapienza" University, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Paola
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Goldoni
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Sciences and Clinics "G. D'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy.
authors.forename: Mauro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nicoletti
authors.affiliation: Clermont University, M2iSH, UMR 1071 INSERM/University of Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
authors.forename: Nicolas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Barnich
authors.affiliation: IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Telematic University, Rome, Italy, Rome, Italy; Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Pasteur Institute Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, "Sapienza" University, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Anna Teresa
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Palamara
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, "Sapienza" University, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Serena
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Schippa
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, "Sapienza" University, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Lucia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Nencioni
mesh_terms: D000906:Antibodies / Q000276:immunology; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000276:immunology; D015295:Antigens, Tumor-Associated, Carbohydrate / Q000276:immunology; D001422:Bacterial Adhesion; D018938:Caco-2 Cells; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules / Q000276:immunology; D003424:Crohn Disease / Q000382:microbiology*; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000502:physiology*; D058851:GPI-Linked Proteins / Q000276:immunology; D005690:Galactose / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D053118:Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000382:microbiology / Q000821:virology*; D008358:Mannose / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000906:Antibodies; D015703:Antigens, CD; D015295:Antigens, Tumor-Associated, Carbohydrate; C504117:CEACAM6 protein, human; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; D058851:GPI-Linked Proteins; C016467:Thomsen-Friedenreich antigen; D008358:Mannose; D005690:Galactose