title: Hierarchical Mn₂O ₃Hollow Microspheres as Anode Material of Lithium Ion Battery and Its Conversion Reaction Mechanism Investigated by XANES.
abstract: Hierarchical Mn2O3 hollow microspheres of diameter about 6-10 μm were synthesized by solvent-thermal method. When serving as anode materials of LIBs, the hierarchical Mn2O3 hollow microspheres could deliver a reversible capacity of 580 mAh g(-1) at 500 mA g(-1) after 140 cycles, and a specific capacity of 422 mAh g(-1) at a current density as high as 1600 mA g(-1), demonstrating a good rate capability. Ex situ X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectrum reveals that, for the first time, the pristine Mn2O3 was reduced to metallic Mn when it discharged to 0.01 V, and oxidized to MnO as it charged to 3 V in the first cycle. Furthermore, the XANES data demonstrated also that the average valence of Mn in the sample at charged state has decreased slowly with cycling number, which signifies an incomplete lithiation process and interprets the capacity loss of the Mn2O3 during cycling.
authors.forename: Hang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Su
authors.forename: Yue-Feng
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Shan-Cheng
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.affiliation: §School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
authors.forename: Zhen-Guo
authors.initials: ZG
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: ∥Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201204, China.
authors.forename: Xue-Ping
authors.initials: XP
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Chong-Heng
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.affiliation: ∥Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201204, China.
authors.forename: Jian-Qiang
authors.initials: JQ
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Jun-Tao
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Ling
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Shi-Gang
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Sun
keywords: Mn2O3; XANES; conversion reaction mechanism; hierarchical hollow microspheres; lithium ion battery