title: Emotional labor and dysmenorrhea in women working in sales and call centers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study was conducted to investigate the association between emotional labor and dysmenorrhea among women working in sales and call centers in Seoul, South Korea.
  
  
  METHODS
  Working women in sales jobs and call centers in Seoul were interviewed face-to-face by well-trained interviewers. In total, 975 participants were analyzed in the final model. Emotional labor was measured using a constructed questionnaire with two components: an emotive effort component with three questions and an emotive dissonance component with five questions. To examine the association between emotional labor and dysmenorrhea, chi-squared tests and logistic regression were applied.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of dysmenorrhea among sales workers and call center workers were 43.0% and 61.1%, respectively. The adjusted odds ratios (OR) of emotive effort and emotive dissonance for dysmenorrhea in call center workers were 1.88 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.07-3.28) and 1.72 (95% CI, 1.13-2.63), respectively. The adjusted OR of emotive effort and emotive dissonance for dysmenorrhea in sales workers were 1.71 (95% CI, 0.92-3.16) and 1.15 (95% CI, 0.67-1.98), respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Emotional labor was found to be associated with dysmenorrhea in call center workers. Further studies to investigate other factors, such as management strategies and the relationship between emotional labor and dysmenorrhea, are needed to support interventions to prevent dysmenorrhea that will further promote the quality of health and life of working women.
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Wonju Severance Christian's Hospital, Yonsei University, Wonju, South Korea.
authors.forename: In-Jung
authors.initials: IJ
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Hyunjoo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Sinye
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Wonju Severance Christian's Hospital, Yonsei University, Wonju, South Korea ; Institute of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, South Korea.
authors.forename: Sung-Soo
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Wonju Severance Christian's Hospital, Yonsei University, Wonju, South Korea.
authors.forename: Sungjin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Wonju Severance Christian's Hospital, Yonsei University, Wonju, South Korea.
authors.forename: Hee-Tae
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Kang
keywords: Call center worker; Dysmenorrhea; Emotional labor; Emotive dissonance; Emotive effort; Sales worker