title: Optimal chest compression rate in cardiopulmonary resuscitation: a prospective, randomized crossover study using a manikin model.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  When performing cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), the 2010 American Heart Association guidelines recommend a chest compression rate of at least 100 min, whereas the 2010 European Resuscitation Council guidelines recommend a rate of between 100 and 120 min. The aim of this study was to examine the rate of chest compression that fulfilled various quality indicators, thereby determining the optimal rate of compression.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-two trainee emergency medical technicians and six paramedics were enrolled in this study. All participants had been trained in basic life support. Each participant performed 2 min of continuous compressions on a skill reporter manikin, while listening to a metronome sound at rates of 100, 120, 140, and 160 beats/min, in a random order. Mean compression depth, incomplete chest recoil, and the proportion of correctly performed chest compressions during the 2 min were measured and recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The rate of incomplete chest recoil was lower at compression rates of 100 and 120 min compared with that at 160 min (P=0.001). The numbers of compressions that fulfilled the criteria for high-quality CPR at a rate of 120 min were significantly higher than those at 100 min (P=0.016).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The number of high-quality CPR compressions was the highest at a compression rate of 120 min, and increased incomplete recoil occurred with increasing compression rate. However, further studies are needed to confirm the results.
authors.affiliation: aDepartment of Emergency Medicine, Pusan National University HospitalbDepartment of Emergency Medicine, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Seong Hwa
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Ji Ho
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Ryu
authors.forename: Mun Ki
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Min
authors.forename: Yong In
authors.initials: YI
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Maeng Real
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Seok Ran
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Yeom
authors.forename: Sang Kyoon
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Seong Wook
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Park
mesh_terms: D016887:Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D005260:Female; D006336:Heart Massage / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008348:Manikins; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors; D055815:Young Adult