title: Levels of tetrabromobisphenol A, tribromobisphenol A, dibromobisphenol A, monobromobisphenol A, and bisphenol a in Japanese breast milk.
abstract: The levels of bisphenol A (BPA) and tetrabromobisphenol A (TeBBPA) were determined in breast milk samples from 19 Japanese mothers. BPA and TeBBPA levels were 36 ng/g lipid (range: 1.4-380 ng/g lipid) and 1.9 ng/g lipid (range: N.D. - 8.7 ng/g lipid), respectively. Tribromobisphenol A (TriBBPA) was similarly detected in all samples (mean: 5.5 ng/g lipid). We investigated the alteration of BPA-related compounds in breast milk over a period of three months. No trend could be observed for time-dependent changes in TeBBPA levels. High levels of TriBBPA were detected in breast milk samples with a high concentration of TeBBPA. We further examined concentration changes in BPA-related compounds in the breast milk of two donors over a period of 24 h. The results suggested that TriBBPA was a debrominated metabolite of TeBBPA, which had been ingested via food consumption and immediately transferred to the breast milk. On the basis of the present results, we estimated and compared the daily intake of BPA, TriBBPA, and TeBBPA from breast milk for infants. The estimated average intake of TriBBPA was 4 times higher than TeBBPA, at 48 and 12 ng/kg/day, respectively. The level of TeBBPA in breast milk was low, suggesting a low risk of causing adverse health effects. In conclusion, the concentration of both TriBBPA and TeBBPA must be determined in breast milk to accurately clarify the exposure of these compounds to infants.
authors.affiliation: †Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, 45-1, Nagaotoge-cho, Hirakata, Osaka 573-0101, Japan.
authors.forename: Teruyuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakao
authors.affiliation: †Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, 45-1, Nagaotoge-cho, Hirakata, Osaka 573-0101, Japan.
authors.forename: Ema
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Akiyama
authors.affiliation: †Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, 45-1, Nagaotoge-cho, Hirakata, Osaka 573-0101, Japan.
authors.forename: Hideki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kakutani
authors.affiliation: †Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, 45-1, Nagaotoge-cho, Hirakata, Osaka 573-0101, Japan.
authors.forename: Ayami
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mizuno
authors.affiliation: ‡Faculty of Science and Engineering, Setsunan University, 17-8, Ikedanaka-machi, Neyagawa, Osaka 572-8508, Japan.
authors.forename: Osamu
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Aozasa
authors.affiliation: §Faculty of Nursing, Setsunan University, 45-1, Nagaotoge-cho, Hirakata, Osaka 573-0101, Japan.
authors.forename: Yukiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Akai
authors.affiliation: †Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, 45-1, Nagaotoge-cho, Hirakata, Osaka 573-0101, Japan.
authors.forename: Souichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ohta
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007564:Japan; D008892:Milk / Q000737:chemistry*; D010636:Phenols / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D011786:Quality Control; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds
chemical_list: D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds; D010636:Phenols; C006780:bisphenol A; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds