title: In-bore MRI interventions: current status and future applications.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This review discusses the feasibility, recent advances and current status of in-bore MRI-guided interventional techniques for diagnosis and treatment of focal prostate cancer (PCa) and also explores the future applications, highlighting the emerging strategies for the treatment of PCa.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Multiparametric MRI has opened up opportunities for diagnosis and targeted therapeutics to the site of disease within the organ wherein minimizing the incidence of treatment-related toxicity of whole gland therapy. MRI-guided targeted biopsy has a higher detection rate for significant cancer and lower rate of detection of insignificant cancer. In comparison to ultrasound-guided focal therapy, in-bore treatment provides the advantage of real time thermal monitoring during treatment and assessment of treatment coverage by an enhanced scan immediately post-treatment. Preliminary results of ongoing phase I and II in-bore focal PCa treatment trials via transperineal, transrectal and transurethral routes, using different energy modalities for the ablation, have shown promising results.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Advances in multiparametric-MRI has opened up opportunities for in-bore targeted focal treatment of PCa in the correctly selected patient.
authors.affiliation: aJoint Department of Medical Imaging, University Health Network, University of Toronto bDepartment of Surgery, Division of Urology, Princess Margaret Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Sangeet
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ghai
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Trachtenberg
mesh_terms: D003452:Cryosurgery; D006801:Humans; D061705:Image-Guided Biopsy; D053783:Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Interventional; D008297:Male; D060787:Neoplasm Grading; D018579:Patient Selection; D010502:Perineum / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D012007:Rectum / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D014463:Ultrasonography; D036761:Ultrasound, High-Intensity Focused, Transrectal; D014521:Urethra / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*