title: Validation of Single-Item Screening Measures for Provider Burnout in a Rural Health Care Network.
abstract: We validated three single-item measures for emotional exhaustion (EE) and depersonalization (DP) among rural physician/nonphysician practitioners. We linked cross-sectional survey data (on provider demographics, satisfaction, resilience, and burnout) with administrative information from an integrated health care network (1 academic medical center, 6 community hospitals, 31 clinics, and 19 school-based health centers) in an eight-county underserved area of upstate New York. In total, 308 physicians and advanced-practice clinicians completed a self-administered, multi-instrument questionnaire (65.1% response rate). Significant proportions of respondents reported high EE (36.1%) and DP (9.9%). In multivariable linear mixed models, scores on EE/DP subscales of the Maslach Burnout Inventory were regressed on each single-item measure. The Physician Work-Life Study's single-item measure (classifying 32.8% of respondents as burning out/completely burned out) was correlated with EE and DP (Spearman's ρ = .72 and .41, p < .0001; Kruskal-Wallis χ(2) = 149.9 and 56.5, p < .0001, respectively). In multivariable models, it predicted high EE (but neither low EE nor low/high DP). EE/DP single items were correlated with parent subscales (Spearman's ρ = .89 and .81, p < .0001; Kruskal-Wallis χ(2) = 230.98 and 197.84, p < .0001, respectively). In multivariable models, the EE item predicted high/low EE, whereas the DP item predicted only low DP. Therefore, the three single-item measures tested varied in effectiveness as screeners for EE/DP dimensions of burnout.
authors.affiliation: Bassett Healthcare Network Research Institute, Cooperstown, NY, USA Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA anthony.waddimba@bassett.org.
authors.forename: Anthony C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Waddimba
authors.affiliation: Bassett Healthcare Network Research Institute, Cooperstown, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Melissa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Scribani
authors.affiliation: Bassett Healthcare Network Research Institute, Cooperstown, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Melinda A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Nieves
authors.affiliation: Bassett Healthcare Network Research Institute, Cooperstown, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Nicole
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Krupa
authors.affiliation: Bassett Healthcare Network Research Institute, Cooperstown, NY, USA Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA New York Center for Agricultural Medicine and Health, Cooperstown, NY, USA.
authors.forename: John J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: May
authors.affiliation: Bassett Healthcare Network Research Institute, Cooperstown, NY, USA New York Center for Agricultural Medicine and Health, Cooperstown, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Jenkins
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002055:Burnout, Professional / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003861:Depersonalization / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D004644:Emotions; D006282:Health Personnel / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D010549:Personal Satisfaction; D010820:Physicians / Q000523:psychology; D015397:Program Evaluation / Q000379:methods; D055500:Resilience, Psychological; D019035:Rural Health Services; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires / Q000592:standards*
keywords: Maslach Burnout Inventory; advanced practice nursing; physician assistants; physicians; professional burnout; validation studies