title: Socioeconomic status, social relations and domestic violence (DV) against elderly people in Canada, Albania, Colombia and Brazil.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether gender, socioeconomic conditions, and/or social relations are related to recent experiences of DV in older adult populations.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data on socioeconomic status and social relations were collected in 2012 from 1995 community-dwelling older adults in Canada, Colombia, Brazil, and Albania. Violence experienced in the last 6 months was measured using the Hurt, Insulted, Threatened with harm, or Screamed at (HITS) scale and classified according to type (physical or psychological) and perpetrator (partner or family member). Binary logistic regression analyses were used to assess associations between experiences of violence and gender, socioeconomic conditions, and social relations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Physical violence (by partner or family member) was reported by 0.63-0.85% of participants; the prevalence of psychological violence (by partner or family member) ranged from 3.2% to 23.5% in men and 9% to 26% in women. After adjustment for socioeconomic status, social relations, age and site, women experienced more psychological violence perpetrated by family members than did men (odds ratio (OR): 1.8; 95% CI: 1.2-2.6). Social relations, such as multifamily living arrangements and low levels of support from partners, children, and family, were associated with psychological DV. Current working status was associated with greater odds of victimization by partners among men (OR: 2.35 95% CI: 1.34-1.41), but not among women.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Gender and social relations are important determinants of experiencing violence in older adults. The findings of this study demonstrate the importance of a gender-based approach to the study of DV in older adults.
authors.affiliation: Faculdade de ciências da Saúde do Trairi, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Bolsita CNpQ Brasil, Rua Vila Trairi, S/N, Centro, Santa Cruz, Rio Grande do Norte 59200-000, Brazil. Electronic address: dtaurino@ufrnet.br.
authors.forename: Dimitri Taurino
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Guedes
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health Sciences, Queen's University, Carruthers Hall Office 205, 62 Fifth Field Company Lane, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada.
authors.forename: Beatriz Eugenia
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Alvarado
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine and Public Health Sciences, Queen's University, 220 Bagot St., K7L 5E9 Kingston, Canada.
authors.forename: Susan P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Phillips
authors.affiliation: Facultad de Ciencias para la Salud, Universidad de Caldas, Edificio Miguel Arango Soto, Carrera 25 N°48-57, Manizales, Colombia.
authors.forename: Carmen Lucia
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Curcio
authors.affiliation: Département de Médecine Sociale et Préventive, École de Santé Publique, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, succ. Centre-ville, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada.
authors.forename: María Victoria
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Zunzunegui
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Fisioterapia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Av. Senador Salgado Filho, Lagoa Nova, 59078-970 Natal, RN, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ricardo Oliveira
authors.initials: RO
authors.lastname: Guerra
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000415:Albania / Q000453:epidemiology; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D003105:Colombia / Q000453:epidemiology; D019548:Crime Victims / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D017579:Domestic Violence / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D004552:Elder Abuse / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012944:Social Support; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors
keywords: Aging; Domestic violence; Gender; Prevalence; Risk factors; Social support