title: Comparison of arteriosclerotic indicators in patients with ischemic stroke: ankle-brachial index, brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity and cardio-ankle vascular index.
abstract: The ankle-brachial index (ABI), brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) and cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI) are surrogate markers of arteriosclerosis. However, their roles in patients with acute ischemic stroke remain unclear. From October 2003 to September 2011, we enrolled patients with arteriosclerotic ischemic stroke (AIS) exhibiting large infarcts attributed to large-artery atherosclerosis (LAA) or deep subcortical infarcts (mainly lacunar infarcts) attributed to small-artery disease (SAD). Outpatients without a history of stroke served as controls (CTL). We divided the study period into two terms and assessed patients using two different oscillometric devices (Form PWV/ABI, Omron Colin; and VaSera VS-1500, Fukuda Denshi) in each term. One-way analysis of variance and age- and sex-adjusted analysis of covariance were used to compare the three groups. We analyzed 842 patients. The ABI was significantly lower in the LAA (n = 102) group than in the SAD (n = 280) and CTL (n = 460) groups. The baPWV was significantly higher in the LAA and SAD groups than in the CTL group. The CAVI gradually increased in the order of CTL, SAD and LAA. The cutoff values of baPWV and CAVI for detection of AIS were 18.3 m s(-1) (odds ratio (OR): 6.09, 95% confidence interval (CI): 3.97-9.62, P < 0.01) and 9.5 (OR: 1.44, 95% CI: 1.24-1.70, P < 0.001), respectively. Among the three indicators, a lower ABI indicated advanced atherosclerosis associated with LAA, and an increased baPWV more closely indicated AIS. An increased CAVI may indicate the degree of vessel stiffness due to arteriosclerosis.
authors.affiliation: 1] Department of Stroke Medicine, Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama, Japan [2] Department of Neurology, Hyogo Brain and Heart Center at Himeji, Hyogo, Japan.
authors.forename: Naoki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Saji
authors.affiliation: 1] Department of Stroke Medicine, Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama, Japan [2] Department of Neurological Science, Nippon Medical School Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazumi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kimura
authors.affiliation: Department of Stroke Medicine, Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshiki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yagita
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Hyogo Brain and Heart Center at Himeji, Hyogo, Japan.
authors.forename: Toshitaka
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kawarai
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Hyogo Brain and Heart Center at Himeji, Hyogo, Japan.
authors.forename: Hirotaka
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shimizu
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Hyogo Brain and Heart Center at Himeji, Hyogo, Japan.
authors.forename: Yasushi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kita
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D055109:Ankle Brachial Index; D001161:Arteriosclerosis / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011673:Pulsatile Flow; D063177:Pulse Wave Analysis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D020521:Stroke / Q000503:physiopathology*; D059289:Vascular Stiffness / Q000502:physiology*