title: Including a subject-paced trial may make the PASAT more acceptable for MS patients.
abstract: The Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test (PASAT) is regularly used in the evaluation of cognition in multiple sclerosis (MS). However, the test may impose frustration, distress, and anxiety in patients, which may result in refusal to participate by many patients.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  In this study, a subject- and experimenter-paced PASAT was compared and analyzed, with regard to independent measures of cognitive functions, as well as disability, fatigue, depression, and anxiety.
  
  
  METHODS
  A population-based sample of patients with MS (n = 34; mean age 47.2 ± 8.6) was examined with the PASAT, including a subject-paced condition, in addition to the standard experimenter-paced conditions using three levels of interstimuli intervals (ISI: 3.0, 2.5, and 2.0 s). A comprehensive set of neuropsychological tests, measures of disease severity, fatigue, anxiety, and depression were studied as potentially associated factors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Subject- and experimenter-paced PASAT performance correlated significantly and the subject-paced administration correlated even higher with measures of information processing speed, executive function, attention, and working memory than standard experimenter-paced administration of PASAT.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The associations between PASAT performance and measures of fatigue, anxiety, and depression were not significant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results indicate that the altered PASAT procedure measures the same cognitive functions in MS as the standard procedure. At the same time, the altered procedure may make the PASAT more user-friendly for patients with MS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Namsos Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Health Trust, Namsos, Norway.
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Bosnes
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Namsos Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Health Trust, Namsos, Norway.
authors.forename: O-P
authors.initials: OP
authors.lastname: Dahl
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.|Department of Neurobiology Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Almkvist
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001288:Attention; D003071:Cognition; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008570:Memory, Short-Term; D008875:Middle Aged; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000523:psychology*; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests
keywords: Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test; multiple sclerosis; subject-paced