title: Effects of (Anti) Androgenic Endocrine Disruptors (DEHP and Butachlor) on Immunoglobulin M (IgM) and Leukocytes Counts of Male Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss).
abstract: The effect of two anti-androgenic endocrine disrupting compounds, i.e. the plasticizer di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) and herbicide butachlor, were evaluated for their effects on immunoglobulin M (IgM) and leukocytes in male rainbow trout. Also, plasma testosterone (T) concentration was measured to confirm their anti-androgenic effects. In the first experiment, trout were treated with 50 mg/kg (body weight) DEHP intraperitoneally, and in the second one, fish were exposed to 0.39 mg/L butachlor for 10 days. The results showed that T concentrations and white blood cells were significantly lower in fish exposed to either DEHP or butachlor compared to control fish (p < 0.05). Fish showed significantly elevated neutrophil levels and decreased lymphocyte levels in the butachlor (p < 0.05); however, no significant difference was observed in lymphocyte and neutrophils values in the DEHP treatment (p > 0.05). In addition, no significant differences were found in IgM, eosinophil and monocyte parameters in either DEHP or butachlor treatments (p > 0.05). These results confirmed that leukocytes counts can be considered as a novel marker of immunotoxicity triggered by (anti) androgenic endocrine disruptors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Aquatic Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, P.O. Box: 14155-6453, Tehran, Iran, S_ahmadivand@ut.ac.ir.
authors.forename: Sohrab
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ahmadivand
authors.forename: Hamid
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Farahmand
authors.forename: Alireza
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mirvaghefi
authors.forename: Soheil
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Eagderi
authors.forename: Ashkan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zargar
mesh_terms: D000083:Acetanilides / Q000633:toxicity*; D000726:Androgen Antagonists / Q000633:toxicity; D000818:Animals; D004051:Diethylhexyl Phthalate / Q000633:toxicity*; D052244:Endocrine Disruptors / Q000633:toxicity*; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D029941:Fish Proteins / Q000097:blood; D006540:Herbicides / Q000633:toxicity; D007075:Immunoglobulin M / Q000097:blood; D007958:Leukocyte Count; D008297:Male; D017686:Oncorhynchus mykiss / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology*; D010968:Plasticizers / Q000633:toxicity; D013739:Testosterone / Q000097:blood; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D000083:Acetanilides; D000726:Androgen Antagonists; D052244:Endocrine Disruptors; D029941:Fish Proteins; D006540:Herbicides; D007075:Immunoglobulin M; D010968:Plasticizers; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D013739:Testosterone; C054409:butachlor; D004051:Diethylhexyl Phthalate