title: Fish oil prevents oxidative stress and exerts sustained antiamnesic effect after global cerebral ischemia.
abstract: Transient, global cerebral ischemia (TGCI) causes hippocampal/cortical damage and the persistent loss of welltrained, long-term memory (retrograde amnesia). Fish oil (FO), a rich source of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, abolishes such amnesia in the absence of neurohistological protection. The present study investigated whether FO prevents ischemia-induced oxidative stress and whether such an action contributes to the lasting effect of FO on memory recovery. In a first experiment, FO was administered for 4 days prior to ischemia, and antioxidant status was subsequently measured after 24 h of reperfusion. In another experiment, naive rats were trained in an eight-arm radial maze until they achieved asymptotic performance and then subjected to TGCI. One group of rats received FO as in the first experiment (i.e., 4 days prior to ischemia), whereas another group received FO for 4 days prior to ischemia plus 6 days postischemia. Retrograde memory performance was assessed 2-5 weeks after ischemia. TGCI depleted the level of antioxidant enzymes and increased the amount of protein carbonylation, indicating oxidative damage. Fish oil reversed oxidative damage to control levels. The same treatment that attenuated oxidative stress after 24 h of reperfusion also prevented retrograde amnesia assessed several weeks later. This antiamnesic effect afforded by short preischemia treatment was comparable to 10 days of treatment but not as consistent. These data indicate that an antioxidant action in the hyperacute phase of ischemia/reperfusion may contribute to the long-term, antiamnesic effect of FO.
authors.forename: Cristiano Correia
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Bacarin
authors.forename: Anacharis Babeto
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: de Sá-Nakanishi
authors.forename: Adelar
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bracht
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Matsushita
authors.forename: Isolde
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Santos Previdelli
authors.forename: Marco Aurélio
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Mori
authors.forename: Rúbia Maria Weffort
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: de Oliveira
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Farmacologia e Terapeutica, Centro de Ciencias da Saude, Universidade Estadual de Maringa, Av. Colombo, 5790, Maringa, Parana, CEP 87020- 900, Brazil. hmilani@uem.br.
authors.forename: Humberto
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Milani
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005395:Fish Oils / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002546:Ischemic Attack, Transient / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D018782:Maze Learning / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D008569:Memory Disorders / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D050050:Protein Carbonylation / Q000187:drug effects; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D020127:Recovery of Function / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D065852:Spatial Memory / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D005395:Fish Oils; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents