title: WHO multidrug therapy for leprosy: epidemiology of default in treatment in Agra district, Uttar Pradesh, India.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the magnitude of default, time of default, its causes, and final clinical outcome.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data collected in active surveys in Agra is analyzed. Patients were given treatment after medical confirmation and were followed up. The treatment default and other clinical outcomes were recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients who defaulted have comparable demographic characteristics. However, among defaulters more women (62.7% in PB, 42.6% in MB) were seen than those in treatment completers (PB 52.7% and MB 35.9%). Nerve involvement was high in treatment completers: 45.7% in PB and 91.3% in MB leprosy. Overall default rate was lower (14.8%) in ROM than (28.8%) in standard MDT for PB leprosy (χ 1 (2) = 11.6, P = 0.001) and also for MB leprosy: 9.1% in ROM compared to 34.5% in MDT (χ 1 (2) = 6.0, P = 0.015). Default rate was not different (28.8% versus 34.5%, P > 0.05) in both types of leprosy given MDT. Most patients defaulted at early stage of treatment and mainly due to manageable side effects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The default in standard MDT both for PB and MB leprosy was observed to be significantly higher than in ROM treatment. Most defaults occurred at early stage of treatment and major contribution of default is due to side effects like drowsiness, weakness, vomiting, diarrhea, and so forth, related to poor general health. Although about half of the defaulters were observed to be cured 2.2% in PB-MDT and 10.9% of MB-MDT developed disability. This is an issue due to default. Attempts are needed to increase treatment compliance. The use of specially designed disease related health education along with easily administered drug regimens may help to reduce default.
authors.affiliation: National JALMA Institute for Leprosy & Other Mycobacterial Diseases, Agra, India.
authors.forename: Anil
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.affiliation: National JALMA Institute for Leprosy & Other Mycobacterial Diseases, Agra, India.
authors.forename: Anita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Girdhar
authors.affiliation: National JALMA Institute for Leprosy & Other Mycobacterial Diseases, Agra, India.
authors.forename: Joy Kumar
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Chakma
authors.affiliation: National JALMA Institute for Leprosy & Other Mycobacterial Diseases, Agra, India.
authors.forename: Bhuwneswar Kumar
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Girdhar
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007194:India; D007918:Leprosy / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010349:Patient Compliance; D012008:Recurrence; D016896:Treatment Outcome