title: Diet quality and history of gestational diabetes mellitus among childbearing women, United States, 2007-2010.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Women with a history of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) have elevated risk of developing type 2 diabetes. Diet quality plays an important role in the prevention of type 2 diabetes. We compared diet quality among childbearing women with a history of GDM with the diet quality of childbearing women without a history of GDM.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey for 2007 through 2010. We included women without diabetes aged 20 to 44 years whose most recent live infant was born within the previous 10 years and who completed two 24-hour dietary recalls. The Healthy Eating Index (HEI)-2010 estimated overall and component diet quality. Multivariable linear regression models estimated the association between a history of GDM and current diet quality, adjusting for age, education, smoking status, and health risk for diabetes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A history of GDM was reported by 7.7% of women. Compared with women without a history of GDM, women with a history of GDM had, on average, 3.4 points lower overall diet quality (95% confidence interval [CI], -6.6 to -0.2) and 0.9 points lower score for consumption of green vegetables and beans (95% CI, -1.4 to -0.4). Other dietary component scores did not differ by history of GDM.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the United States, women with a history of GDM have lower diet quality compared with women who bore a child and do not have a history of GDM. Improving diet quality may be a strategy for preventing type 2 diabetes among childbearing women.
authors.affiliation: Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 368 Plantation St, The Albert Sherman Center, ASC7-1063, Worcester, MA 01605. Email: rui.xiao@umassmed.edu.
authors.forename: Rui S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.affiliation: University of Massachusetts Medical School and University of Massachusetts Memorial Health Care, Worcester, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Tiffany A Moore
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Simas
authors.affiliation: University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Sharina D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Person
authors.affiliation: University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Robert J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Goldberg
authors.affiliation: University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Molly E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Waring
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D016640:Diabetes, Gestational / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D004032:Diet / Q000523:psychology / Q000592:standards*; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D005298:Fertility / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D011939:Mental Recall; D009749:Nutrition Surveys; D011247:Pregnancy; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult