title: Risk factors associated with respiratory disorders in late preterm infants.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Late preterm infants are still high risk for respiratory problems. The aim of this study was to identify risk factors associated with respiratory problems in Japanese late preterm infants.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this retrospective multicenter study, we included singleton late preterm deliveries at 34+(0/7)-36+(6/7) weeks of gestation. We excluded cases with congenital anomalies. We defined neonatal respiratory disorders (NRD) as the combination of the need for mechanical ventilation or the use of nasal continuous positive airway pressure. We examined the perinatal risk factors associated with NRD.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We included 683 late preterm infants. We found that 13.7%, 6.8% and 2.6% of the infants with NRD were born at 34, 35 and 36 weeks of gestation, respectively. In a multivariate logistic regression analysis adjusting for confounders, the gestational age (GA) at birth (adjusted odds ratio 0.40 per week [95% confidence interval, 0.25-0.61]), cesarean birth (4.18 [2.11-8.84]), and a low Apgar score (33.3 [9.93-121.3]) were independent risk factors associated with NRD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  An earlier GA, cesarean delivery, and a low Apgar score are independent risk factors associated with NRD in singleton late preterm infants. Patients with late preterm deliveries exhibiting these risk factors should be managed in the intensive delivery setting.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Perinatal Center, NHO Nagasaki Medical Center , Omura City , Japan .
authors.forename: Sachie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Suga
authors.affiliation: a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Perinatal Center, NHO Nagasaki Medical Center , Omura City , Japan .
authors.forename: Ichiro
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Yasuhi
authors.affiliation: a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Perinatal Center, NHO Nagasaki Medical Center , Omura City , Japan .
authors.forename: Mikihiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Aoki
authors.affiliation: b Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , NHO Saga National Hospital , Saga , Japan .
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nomiyama
authors.affiliation: c NHO Kyushu Medical Center , Fukuoka , Japan .
authors.forename: Norio
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kubo
authors.affiliation: d NHO Kokura Medical Center , Kitakyusyu , Japan .
authors.forename: Kosuke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kawakami
authors.affiliation: d NHO Kokura Medical Center , Kitakyusyu , Japan .
authors.forename: Naohumi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Okura
authors.affiliation: e Department of Pediatrics , NHO Kagawa National Children's Hospital , Zentuji , Japan , and.
authors.forename: Kaoru
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Okazaki
authors.affiliation: e Department of Pediatrics , NHO Kagawa National Children's Hospital , Zentuji , Japan , and.
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ota
authors.affiliation: f Perinatal Center, NHO Kyoto Medical Center , Kyoto , Japan.
authors.forename: Kou
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kawada
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007235:Infant, Premature, Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D011247:Pregnancy; D012120:Respiration Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors
keywords: Cesarean section; late preterm birth; neonatal respiratory disorder