title: Essential elements in depression and anxiety. Part II.
abstract: In this paper we continue to discuss the involvement of essential elements in depression and anxiety, and the possible mechanisms that link elements to the neurobiology underlying depression/anxiety. The present paper is focused on copper, selenium, manganese, iodine and vanadium. Different aspects of relationship between elements and depression or anxiety are reviewed, e.g. the association of the amount of an element in a diet or the serum level of an element and depressive or anxiety-like symptoms. Moreover, the relation of selected elements to the pathophysiology of depression or anxiety is discussed in the context of enzymes which require these elements as co-factors and are involved in the underlying pathophysiology of these disorders.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemical Toxicology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland. Electronic address: katarzyna.mlyniec@uj.edu.pl.
authors.forename: Katarzyna
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Młyniec
authors.affiliation: Department of Radioligands, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland.
authors.forename: Magdalena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gaweł
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacobiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland; Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland.
authors.forename: Urszula
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Doboszewska
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacobiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland.
authors.forename: Gabriela
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Starowicz
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland.
authors.forename: Karolina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Pytka
authors.affiliation: Neurobiology Division, The Roslin Institute & Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Scotland, UK.
authors.forename: Claire Linzi
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Davies
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemical Toxicology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland; Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland.
authors.forename: Bogusława
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Budziszewska
mesh_terms: D001007:Anxiety / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism*; D003067:Coenzymes / Q000378:metabolism; D003300:Copper / Q000378:metabolism*; D003863:Depression / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism*; D004032:Diet; D006801:Humans; D007455:Iodine / Q000378:metabolism*; D008345:Manganese / Q000378:metabolism*; D012643:Selenium / Q000378:metabolism*; D014639:Vanadium / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D003067:Coenzymes; D014639:Vanadium; D008345:Manganese; D003300:Copper; D007455:Iodine; D012643:Selenium
keywords: Copper; Depression; Iodine; Selenium; Trace elements