title: Generation of a conditionally self-eliminating HAC gene delivery vector through incorporation of a tTAVP64 expression cassette.
abstract: Human artificial chromosome (HAC)-based vectors represent an alternative technology for gene delivery and expression with a potential to overcome the problems caused by virus-based vectors. The recently developed alphoid(tetO)-HAC has an advantage over other HAC vectors because it can be easily eliminated from cells by inactivation of the HAC kinetochore via binding of chromatin modifiers, tTA or tTS, to its centromeric tetO sequences. This provides a unique control for phenotypes induced by genes loaded into the HAC. The alphoid(tetO)-HAC elimination is highly efficient when a high level of chromatin modifiers as tetR fusion proteins is achieved following transfection of cells by a retrovirus vector. However, such vectors are potentially mutagenic and might want to be avoided under some circumstances. Here, we describe a novel system that allows verification of phenotypic changes attributed to expression of genes from the HAC without a transfection step. We demonstrated that a single copy of tTA(VP64) carrying four tandem repeats of the VP16 domain constitutively expressed from the HAC is capable to generate chromatin changes in the HAC kinetochore that are not compatible with its function. To adopt the alphoid(tetO)-HAC for routine gene function studies, we constructed a new TAR-BRV- tTA(VP64) cloning vector that allows a selective isolation of a gene of interest from genomic DNA in yeast followed by its direct transfer to bacterial cells and subsequent loading into the loxP site of the alphoid(tetO)-HAC in hamster CHO cells from where the HAC may be MMCT-transferred to the recipient human cells.
authors.affiliation: Developmental Therapeutic Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
authors.forename: Artem V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Kononenko
authors.affiliation: Developmental Therapeutic Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
authors.forename: Nicholas C O
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Developmental Therapeutic Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
authors.forename: Mikhail
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Liskovykh
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Cell Engineering, Department of Frontier Research, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, 2-6-7 Kazusa-Kamatari, Kisarazu, Chiba 292-0818, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Masumoto
authors.affiliation: Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JR, UK.
authors.forename: William C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Earnshaw
authors.affiliation: Developmental Therapeutic Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA kouprinn@mail.nih.gov.
authors.forename: Vladimir
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Larionov
authors.affiliation: Developmental Therapeutic Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA kouprinn@mail.nih.gov.
authors.forename: Natalay
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kouprina
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016466:CHO Cells; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002843:Chromatin / Q000378:metabolism; D022222:Chromosomes, Artificial, Human; D006224:Cricetinae; D003412:Cricetulus; D015870:Gene Expression; D005822:Genetic Vectors; D006801:Humans; D018386:Kinetochores / Q000378:metabolism; D010641:Phenotype; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D002843:Chromatin; D015534:Trans-Activators