title: Correlation between sleep disruption on postoperative pain.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify the amount of sleep disruption that occurs in the postoperative inpatient hospital setting, determine the relationship between sleep disruption and the quantity of narcotics taken for postoperative pain, and determine if hospital length of stay is related to sleep disruption.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective cohort study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Single tertiary care academic institution.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty patients undergoing total hip or knee arthroplasty at Henry Ford Hospital in Detroit, Michigan, between January 2013 and November 2013 were asked to wear an actigraph during their postoperative hospital stay. Total sleep time, sleep efficiency, awake index, total narcotic use, visual analog pain scores, and postoperative complications were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall sleep efficiency was 61.2% and 66.5% with an awake index of 5.5 and 5.4 for each of the postoperative nights measured. A significant correlation was found between increased self-reported pain scores and decreased total sleep time (r = -0.31; P = .03). Spearman correlations between total sleep time, sleep efficiency, and awake index were made with narcotic use on postoperative day (POD) 0 and 1. Longer hospital length of stay was significantly correlated with decreased sleep efficiency (r = -0.35, P = .01). Complication rates were not statistically different compared with sleep parameters.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Better control of a patient's pain is associated with greater sleep efficiency and total sleep time. Improvements in sleep efficiency in hospitalized patients may be associated with a decrease in length of stay.
authors.affiliation: Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, USA Amille10@hfhs.org.
authors.forename: Anya
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.affiliation: Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, USA.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Roth
authors.affiliation: Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, USA.
authors.forename: Timothy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Roehrs
authors.affiliation: Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, USA.
authors.forename: Kathleen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yaremchuk
mesh_terms: D056044:Actigraphy; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007902:Length of Stay; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D012893:Sleep Wake Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*
keywords: arthroplasty; complications; hospital course; length of stay; pain; sleep