title: Anxiogenic effects of chronic exposure to nandrolone decanoate (ND) at supraphysiological dose in rats: a brief report.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Nandrolone decanoate (ND) is frequently used anabolic androgenic steroid (AAS) among the athletes. Despite the health risks, there is significant increase in prevalence of AAS abuse.
  
  
  METHODS
  The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of chronic exposure to ND at supraphysiological dose (to mimic the doses for human AAS abusers) on anxiety levels in adult rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed several behavioral tests (open field test, elevated plus maze test, beam-walking test, evoked beam-walking test and tail suspension test) for estimation of anxiety in rats. Adult rats received 20 mg/kg intraperitoneal injection of ND weekly for four weeks. Behavioral test were performed on the seventh day after the last dose of ND.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Anxiogenic-like pattern of behavior was clearly observed in several behavioral tests, such as open field test (decrease of total distance moved and cumulative duration of moving, decrease of an average velocity of the animals, decrease of frequency and total time in centre zone); elevated plus maze (decreased total time spent in open arms and the number of entries in open arms of the elevated plus maze); evoked beam-walking test (decreased time to cross the beam) and tail suspension test (increased latency to first immobility and decreased total duration of immobility).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Results of this study show that four-week treatment with the supraphysiological dose of ND produced anxiogenic effects in sedentary male rats.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results show that rats after chronic treatment with a supraphysiological dose of ND exhibited anxiety-like behavior.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia.
authors.forename: Gvozden
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rosic
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia.
authors.forename: Jovana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Joksimovic
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia.
authors.forename: Dragica
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Selakovic
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia.
authors.forename: Dragan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Milovanovic
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia.
authors.forename: Vladimir
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Jakovljevic
mesh_terms: D045930:Anabolic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D001007:Anxiety / Q000139:chemically induced*; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects*; D008297:Male; D009277:Nandrolone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D000077603:Nandrolone Decanoate; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D045930:Anabolic Agents; D009277:Nandrolone; D000077603:Nandrolone Decanoate