title: In vitro and in vivo study of hazardous effects of Ag nanoparticles and Arginine-treated multi walled carbon nanotubes on blood cells: application in hemodialysis membranes.
abstract: One of the novel applications of the nanostructures is the modification and development of membranes for hemocompatibility of hemodialysis. The toxicity and hemocompatibility of Ag nanoparticles and arginine-treated multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNT-Arg) and possibility of their application in membrane technology are investigated here. MWNT-Arg is prepared by amidation reactions, followed by characterization by FTIR spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. The results showed a good hemocompatibility and the hemolytic rates in the presence of both MWNT-Arg and Ag nanoparticles. The hemolytic rate of Ag nanoparticles was lower than that of MWNT-Arg. In vivo study revealed that Ag nanoparticle and MWNT-Arg decreased Hematocrit and mean number of red blood cells (RBC) statistically at concentration of 100 µg mL(-1) . The mean decrease of RBC and Hematocrit for Ag nanoparticles (18% for Hematocrit and 5.8 × 1,000,000/µL) was more than MWNT-Arg (20% for Hematocrit and 6 × 1000000/µL). In addition, MWNT-Arg and Ag nanoparticles had a direct influence on the White Blood Cell (WBC) drop. Regarding both nanostructures, although the number of WBC increased in initial concentration, it decreased significantly at the concentration of 100 µg mL(-1) . It is worth mentioning that the toxicity of Ag nanoparticle on WBC was higher than that of MWNT-Arg. Because of potent antimicrobial activity and relative hemocompatibility, MWNT-Arg could be considered as a new candidate for biomedical applications in the future especially for hemodialysis membranes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technologies, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran.|Department of Hamtology and Oncology Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Yazd, Iran.
authors.forename: Hadi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zare-Zardini
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Ahmad
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Amiri
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: Mehdi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shanbedi
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technologies, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran.
authors.forename: Asghar
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Taheri-Kafrani
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: S N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Kazi
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: B T
authors.initials: BT
authors.lastname: Chew
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technologies, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran.
authors.forename: Amir
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Razmjou
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity; D001120:Arginine / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity; D001773:Blood Cells / Q000187:drug effects*; D004906:Erythrocyte Count; D006400:Hematocrit; D006461:Hemolysis / Q000187:drug effects; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007958:Leukocyte Count; D008422:Materials Testing; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D037742:Nanotubes, Carbon / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D051381:Rats; D006435:Renal Dialysis / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation; D012834:Silver / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D037742:Nanotubes, Carbon; D012834:Silver; D001120:Arginine
keywords: Ag nanoperticle; MWNT-Arg; blood cells; hemocompatibility; toxicity