title: Antioxidants and Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress in Preterm Infants with Symptomatic Patent Ductus Arteriosus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Immature antioxidant and oxygen-sensing mechanisms are involved in the pathogenesis of the patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). We conducted a prospective, observational, pilot study to test the hypothesis that antioxidant activity is low at birth in preterm infants at risk for symptomatic PDA.
  
  
  METHODS
  Blood and urine samples were collected within 24 to 48 hours of life in 53 preterm infants (≤32 weeks' gestation) who developed early PDA symptoms and in 30 term (≥37 weeks' gestation) control infants. Thirty preterm infants developed hemodynamically significant PDA (hsPDA) and required pharmacologic treatment and/or PDA ligation. For these infants, blood and urine samples were also collected at 24 hours posttreatment. Samples were analyzed for biomarkers of antioxidant activity, oxidative stress, and lipid peroxidation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At 24 to 48 hours after birth, plasma superoxide dismutase (SOD), urinary catalase, and plasma and urinary 8-isoPGF2α were significantly lower in preterm infants who developed hsPDA. Plasma 8-isoPGF2α levels rebounded post-PDA treatment, while urinary prostaglandin E2, plasma and urinary thromboxane B2, and plasma SOD declined.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The antioxidant status is low in preterm infants at risk for developing hsPDA. SOD may be a key antioxidant regulating functional ductus arteriosus closure. Therefore, low levels may result in persistence of a hsPDA.
authors.affiliation: Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine, California.
authors.forename: Musaddaq
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Inayat
authors.affiliation: Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine, California.
authors.forename: Fayez
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bany-Mohammed
authors.affiliation: Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Miller Children's Hospital, Long Beach, California.
authors.forename: Arwin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Valencia
authors.affiliation: Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Miller Children's Hospital, Long Beach, California.
authors.forename: Ching
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tay
authors.affiliation: Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Miller Children's Hospital, Long Beach, California.
authors.forename: Josefina
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jacinto
authors.affiliation: Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York.
authors.forename: Jacob V
authors.initials: JV
authors.lastname: Aranda
authors.affiliation: Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York.
authors.forename: Kay D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Beharry
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood* / Q000652:urine*; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004374:Ductus Arteriosus, Patent / Q000097:blood / Q000628:therapy* / Q000652:urine; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007052:Ibuprofen / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007213:Indomethacin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D008026:Ligation; D008297:Male; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011446:Prospective Studies
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D015415:Biomarkers; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors; D007052:Ibuprofen; D007213:Indomethacin