title: Comparison of a modified mid-coronal sectioning technique and Wilson's technique when conducting eye and brain examinations in rabbit teratology studies.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There are two methods used when examining fetal rabbit eyes and brain in teratology studies. One method employs prior fixation before serial sectioning (Wilson's technique) and the other uses fresh tissue (mid-coronal sectioning).
  
  
  METHODS
  We modified the mid-coronal sectioning technique to include removal of eyes and brain for closer examination and to increase the number of structures that can be evaluated and compared it to the Wilson's technique. We found that external examination of the head, in conjunction with either sectioning method, is equally sensitive in identifying developmental defects. We evaluated 40,401 New Zealand White (NZW) and Dutch-Belted (DB) rabbit fetuses for external head alterations, of which 28,538 fetuses were further examined for eye and brain alterations using the modified mid-coronal sectioning method (16,675 fetuses) or Wilson's technique (11,863 fetuses). The fetuses were from vehicle control or drug-treated pregnant rabbits in embryo-fetal development studies conducted to meet international regulatory requirements for the development of new drugs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both methods detected the more common alterations (microphthalmia and dilated lateral cerebral ventricles) and other less common findings (changes in size and/or shape of eye and brain structures).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  While both methods are equally sensitive at detecting common and rare developmental defects, the modified mid-coronal sectioning technique eliminates the use of chemicals and concomitant fixation artifacts that occur with the Wilson's technique and allows for examination of 100% intact fetuses thereby increasing potential for detecting eye and brain alterations as these findings occur infrequently in rabbits.
authors.affiliation: Department of Reproductive and Developmental Toxicology, GlaxoSmithKline Research & Development, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania.
authors.forename: Mary K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Ziejewski
authors.forename: Howard M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Solomon
authors.forename: Joyce
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rendemonti
authors.forename: Dinesh
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Stanislaus
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000196:embryology; D004622:Embryo, Mammalian / Q000002:abnormalities; D047108:Embryonic Development; D005124:Eye Abnormalities / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005260:Female; D005333:Fetus / Q000002:abnormalities; D011817:Rabbits; D018600:Teratology / Q000379:methods*
keywords: Van Julsingha; Wilson's technique; fixed head; fresh brain; modified mid-coronal sectioning; serial sectioning