title: An animal model study for bone repair with encapsulated differentiated osteoblasts from adipose-derived stem cells in alginate.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Adipose derived stem cells (ADSCs) can be engineered to express bone specific markers. The aim of this study is to evaluate repairing tibia in animal model with differentiated osteoblasts from autologous ADSCs in alginate scaffold.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this study, 6 canine's ADSCs were encapsulated in alginate and differentiated into osteoblasts. Alkaline phosphatase assay (ALP) and RT-PCR method were applied to confirm the osteogenic induction. Then, encapsulated differentiated cells (group 1) and cell-free alginate (group 2) implanted in defected part of dog's tibia for 4 and 8 weeks. Regenerated tissues and compressive strength of samples were evaluated by histological and Immunohistochemical (IHC) methods and Tensometer Universal Machine.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Our results showed that ADSCs were differentiated into osteoblasts in vitro, and type I collagen and osteocalcin genes expression in differentiated osteoblasts was proved by RT-PCR. In group 2, ossification and thickness of trabecula were low compared to group 1, and in both groups woven bone was observed instead of control group's compact bone. Considering time, we found bone trabeculae regression and ossification reduction after 8 weeks compared with 4 weeks in group 2, but in group 1 bone formation was increased in 8 weeks. Presence of differentiated cells caused significantly more compressive strength in comparison with group 2 (P-value ≤0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This research showed that engineering bone from differentiated adipose-derived stem cells, encapsulated in alginate can repair tibia defects.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomical Sciences, Medical School, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
authors.forename: Batool
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hashemibeni
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomical Sciences, Medical School, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
authors.forename: Ebrahim
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Esfandiari
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomical Sciences, Medical School, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
authors.forename: Farzaneh
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sadeghi
authors.affiliation: Torabinegad Research Center, Dental School, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
authors.forename: Fariba
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Heidary
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomical Sciences, Medical School, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
authors.forename: Shiva
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Roshankhah
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomical Sciences, Medical School, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mardani
authors.affiliation: Cancer Prevention Research Center, Medical School, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran ; Institute of Novin Tahlilgarane Nesfe-jahan, Isfahan, Iran.
authors.forename: Vahid
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Goharian
keywords: Adipose-derived stem cells; Alginate; Animal model; Bone repair