title: Ability of natural astaxanthin from shrimp by-products to attenuate liver oxidative stress in diabetic rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Reactive oxygen species play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of diabetes and its complications. The present study was undertaken, in vivo, to examine the protective effect of astaxanthin extracted from the shell waste of deep-water pink shrimp (Parapenaeus longirostris) against oxidative stress of alloxanic adult male rats.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Alloxan treatment revealed a significant elevation in plasma glycemia and lipid parameters such as total lipid, total cholesterol and triglycerides compared to the control group (C). In addition, liver malonaldialdehyde levels (MDA), an index of lipid peroxidation, significantly increased compared to control group. The activities of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione reductase (GR) and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels decreased significantly compared to control group. Moreover, diabetic rats presented a significant increase in the activities of aspartate transaminase (AST) alanine transaminase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in plasma, indicating considerable hepatocellular injury. Astaxanthin treatment restores these parameters near to control values. Histological studies on the liver tissue of alloxan and astaxanthin treated rats confirmed the protective effects of astaxanthin.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results revealed that astaxanthin may be helpful in preventing diabetic complications in adult rats by reversing hepatotoxicity. It can be one of the ingredients in a number of healthy products.
authors.affiliation: Unité Enzymes et Bioconversion, Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax, Université de Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia; Institut Charles Viollette, équipe ProBioGEM, Polytech'Lille, Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France. Electronic address: assaadsila@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Assaâd
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sila
authors.affiliation: Unité de Recherche Toxicologie, Microbiologie Environnementale et Santé, Faculté des Sciences de Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia.
authors.forename: Zeineb
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Kamoun
authors.affiliation: Unité de Recherche Pharmacologie et Toxicologie des Xénobiotiques, Faculté de médecine de Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia.
authors.forename: Zohra
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Ghlissi
authors.affiliation: Unité de Recherche Toxicologie, Microbiologie Environnementale et Santé, Faculté des Sciences de Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia.
authors.forename: Mohamed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Makni
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Génie enzymatique et de Microbiologie, Ecole nationale d'Ingénieurs, Sfax, Tunisia.
authors.forename: Moncef
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nasri
authors.affiliation: Unité de Recherche Pharmacologie et Toxicologie des Xénobiotiques, Faculté de médecine de Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia.
authors.forename: Zouhaier
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Sahnoun
authors.affiliation: Institut Charles Viollette, équipe ProBioGEM, Polytech'Lille, Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France.
authors.forename: Naima
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nedjar-Arroume
authors.affiliation: Unité Enzymes et Bioconversion, Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax, Université de Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia.
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bougatef
mesh_terms: D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000097:blood; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism*; D005947:Glucose; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D033561:Penaeidae / Q000737:chemistry*; D051381:Rats; D024341:Xanthophylls / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D001786:Blood Glucose; D007328:Insulin; D024341:Xanthophylls; C005948:astaxanthine; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase; D005947:Glucose
keywords: Astaxanthin; Diabetes; Liver; Oxidative stress; Rats