title: Grape seed and apple tannins: emulsifying and antioxidant properties.
abstract: Tannins are natural antioxidants found in plant-based foods and beverages, whose amphiphilic nature could be useful to both stabilize emulsions and protect unsaturated lipids from oxidation. In this paper, the use of tannins as antioxidant emulsifiers was studied. The main parameters influencing the stability of emulsions (i.e. tannins structure and concentration, aqueous phase pH, and ionic strength) were identified and optimized. Oil in water emulsions stabilized with tannins were compared with those stabilized with two commercial emulsifying agents, poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and polyoxyethylene hydrogenated castor oil. In optimized conditions, the condensed tannins allowed to obtain a stability equivalent to that of PVA. Tannins presented good antioxidant activity in oil in water emulsion, as measured by the conjugated autoxidizable triene (CAT) assay.
authors.affiliation: Montpellier SupAgro, UMR1208 IATE, F-34060 Montpellier, France.
authors.forename: Maria Cruz
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Figueroa-Espinoza
authors.affiliation: Montpellier SupAgro, UMR1208 IATE, F-34060 Montpellier, France; INRA, UMR1083 SPO, F-34060 Montpellier, France; Montpellier SupAgro, UMR1083 SPO, F-34060 Montpellier, France; Université Montpellier UMR1083 SPO, F-34060 Montpellier, France.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zafimahova
authors.affiliation: Montpellier SupAgro, UMR1208 IATE, F-34060 Montpellier, France; INRA, UMR1083 SPO, F-34060 Montpellier, France; Montpellier SupAgro, UMR1083 SPO, F-34060 Montpellier, France; Université Montpellier UMR1083 SPO, F-34060 Montpellier, France.
authors.forename: Pedro G Maldonado
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Alvarado
authors.affiliation: Montpellier SupAgro, UMR1208 IATE, F-34060 Montpellier, France.
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Dubreucq
authors.affiliation: INRA, UMR1083 SPO, F-34060 Montpellier, France; Montpellier SupAgro, UMR1083 SPO, F-34060 Montpellier, France; Université Montpellier UMR1083 SPO, F-34060 Montpellier, France. Electronic address: poncetc@supagro.inra.fr.
authors.forename: Céline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Poncet-Legrand
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry*; D045703:Emulsifying Agents / Q000737:chemistry*; D004655:Emulsions / Q000737:chemistry; D027845:Malus / Q000737:chemistry*; D008958:Models, Molecular; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry; D012639:Seeds / Q000737:chemistry; D013634:Tannins / Q000032:analysis*; D027843:Vitis / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D045703:Emulsifying Agents; D004655:Emulsions; D010936:Plant Extracts; D013634:Tannins
keywords: Antioxidant; CAT assay; Catechin; Emulsion; Poly(vinyl alcohol); Polyphenols; Tannins