title: A novel isolated Terrabacter-like bacterium can mineralize 2-aminopyrimidine, the principal metabolite of microbial sulfadiazine degradation.
abstract: Recently we showed that during the degradation of sulfadiazine (SDZ) by Microbacterium lacus strain SDZm4 the principal metabolite 2-aminopyrimidine (2-AP) accumulated to the same molar amount in the culture as SDZ disappeared (Tappe et al. Appl Environ Microbiol 79:2572-2577, 2013). Although 2-AP is considered a recalcitrant agent, long-term lysimeter experiments with (14)C-pyrimidine labeled SDZ ([(14)C]pyrSDZ) provided indications for substantial degradation of the pyrimidine moiety of the SDZ molecule. Therefore, we aimed to enrich 2-AP degrading bacteria and isolated a pure culture of a Terrabacter-like bacterium, denoted strain 2APm3. When provided with (14)C-labeled SDZ, M. lacus strain SDZm4 degraded [(14)C]pyrSDZ to [(14)C]2-AP. Resting cells of 2APm3 at a concentration of 5 × 10(6) cells ml(-1) degraded 62 µM [(14)C]2-AP to below the detection limit (0.6 µM) within 5 days. Disappearance of 2-AP resulted in the production of at least two transformation products (M1 and M2) with M2 being identified as 2-amino-4-hydroxypyrimidine. After 36 days, the transformation products disappeared and 83 % of the applied [(14)C]2-AP radioactivity was trapped as (14)CO2. From this we conclude that a consortium of two species should be able to almost completely degrade SDZ in soils.
authors.affiliation: Forschungszentrum Jülich, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Institute 3: Agrosphere, 52425, Jülich, Germany, w.tappe@fz-juelich.de.
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Tappe
authors.forename: Diana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hofmann
authors.forename: Ulrich
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Disko
authors.forename: Stephan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Koeppchen
authors.forename: Sirgit
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kummer
authors.forename: Harry
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Vereecken
mesh_terms: D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000378:metabolism; D002250:Carbon Radioisotopes; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D005798:Genes, Bacterial; D006801:Humans; D008835:Micrococcaceae / Q000378:metabolism*; D010802:Phylogeny; D011743:Pyrimidines / Q000378:metabolism*; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics*; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000378:metabolism*; D013411:Sulfadiazine / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D002250:Carbon Radioisotopes; D011743:Pyrimidines; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D013411:Sulfadiazine; C012180:2-aminopyrimidine; D002245:Carbon Dioxide