title: Divinyl sulfone cross-linked cyclodextrin-based polymeric materials: synthesis and applications as sorbents and encapsulating agents.
abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the crosslinking abilities of divinyl sulfone (DVS) for the preparation of novel water-insoluble cyclodextrin-based polymers (CDPs) capable of forming inclusion complexes with different guest molecules. Reaction of DVS with native α-cyclodextrin (α-CD), β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) and/or starch generates a variety of homo- and hetero-CDPs with different degrees of crosslinking as a function of the reactants' stoichiometric ratio. The novel materials were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, electron microscopy and for their sorption of phenol and 4-nitrophenol. They were further evaluated as sorbents with phenolic pollutants (bisphenol A and β-naphthol) and bioactive compounds (the hormone progesterone and curcumin). Data obtained from the inclusion experiments show that the degree of cross-linking has a minor influence on the yield of inclusion complex formation and highlight the important role of the CDs, supporting a sorption process based on the formation of inclusion complexes. In general, the inclusion processes are better described by a Freundlich isotherm although an important number of them can also be fitted to the Langmuir isotherm with R2 ≥ 0.9, suggesting a sorption onto a monolayer of homogeneous sites.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad de Granada, E1871 Granada, Spain. juliams@ugr.es.
authors.forename: Julia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Morales-Sanfrutos
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad de Granada, E1871 Granada, Spain. fjljara@ugr.es.
authors.forename: Francisco Javier
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Lopez-Jaramillo
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad de Granada, E1871 Granada, Spain. msremaily@yahoo.com.|Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Sohag University, Sohag 82524, Egypt. msremaily@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Mahmoud A A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Elremaily
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad de Granada, E1871 Granada, Spain. fhmateo@ugr.es.
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hernández-Mateo
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad de Granada, E1871 Granada, Spain. fsantoyo@ugr.es.
authors.forename: Francisco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Santoyo-Gonzalez
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism; D003432:Cross-Linking Reagents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003474:Curcumin / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism; D003505:Cyclodextrins / Q000737:chemistry*; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D009284:Naphthols / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism; D009596:Nitrophenols / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism; D010636:Phenols / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry*; D011374:Progesterone / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism; D013213:Starch / Q000737:chemistry*; D013450:Sulfones / Q000737:chemistry*; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds
chemical_list: D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds; D003432:Cross-Linking Reagents; D003474:Curcumin; D003505:Cyclodextrins; D009284:Naphthols; D009596:Nitrophenols; D010636:Phenols; D011108:Polymers; D011374:Progesterone; D013213:Starch; D013450:Sulfones; C009873:divinyl sulfone; C006780:bisphenol A; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds; C028405:2-naphthol; C024836:4-nitrophenol