title: Using Negative Emotions to Trace the Experience of Borderline Personality Pathology: Interconnected Relationships Revealed in an Experience Sampling Study.
abstract: While emotional difficulties are highly implicated in borderline personality disorder (BPD), the dynamic relationships between emotions and BPD symptoms that occur in everyday life are unknown. The current paper examined the function of negative emotions as they relate to BPD symptoms in real time. Experience sampling methodology with 281 participants measured negative emotions and borderline symptoms, expressed as a spectrum of experiences, five times daily for two weeks. Overall, having a BDP diagnosis was associated with experiencing more negative emotions. Multilevel modeling supported positive concurrent relationships between negative emotions and BPD symptoms. Lagged models showed that even after 3 hours negative emotions and several symptoms continued to influence each other. Therefore, results indicated that negative emotions and BPD symptoms are intricately related; some evidenced long-lasting relationships. This research supports emotion-symptom contingencies within BPD and provides insight regarding the reactivity and functionality of negative emotions in borderline pathology.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina.
authors.forename: Mary Kate
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Law
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina.
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Fleeson
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine.
authors.forename: Elizabeth Mayfield
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Arnold
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina.
authors.forename: R Michael
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Furr
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001883:Borderline Personality Disorder / Q000523:psychology*; D004644:Emotions; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010551:Personality; D012494:Sampling Studies