title: Effects of long-term 50Hz power-line frequency electromagnetic field on cell behavior in Balb/c 3T3 cells.
abstract: Power-line frequency electromagnetic field (PF-EMF) was reported as a human carcinogen by some epidemiological research, but the conclusion is lack of robust experiment evidence. To identify the effects of long-term PF-EMF exposure on cell behavior, Balb/c 3T3 cells in exponential growth phase were exposed or sham-exposed to 50 Hertz (Hz) PF-EMF at 2.3 mT for 2 hours (h) one day, 5 days every week. After 11 weeks exposure, cells were collected instantly. Cell morphology was observed under invert microscope and Giemsa staining, cell viability was detected by 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, cell cycle and apoptosis was examined by flow cytometry, the protein level of Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen (PCNA) and CyclinD1 was detected by western blot, cell transformation was examined by soft agar clone assay and plate clone forming test, and cell migration ability was observed by scratch adhesion test. It was found that after PF-EMF exposure, cell morphology, apoptosis, cell migration ability and cell transformation didn't change. However, compared with sham group, cell viability obviously decreased and cell cycle distribution also changed after 11 weeks PF-EMF exposure. Meanwhile, the protein level of PCNA and CyclinD1 significantly decreased after PF-EMF exposure. These data suggested that although long-term 50Hz PF-EMF exposure under this experimental condition had no effects on apoptosis, cell migration ability and cell transformation, it could affect cell proliferation and cell cycle by down-regulation the expression of PCNA and CyclinD1 protein.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Preventive Medicine, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi province, China.
authors.forename: Guang-Zhou
authors.initials: GZ
authors.lastname: An
authors.affiliation: Radiological College of Taishan Medical College, Taishan, Shandong province, China.
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Preventive Medicine, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi province, China.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Preventive Medicine, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi province, China.
authors.forename: Le
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Du
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Preventive Medicine, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi province, China.
authors.forename: Xia
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Miao
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Preventive Medicine, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi province, China.
authors.forename: Da-Peng
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Preventive Medicine, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi province, China.
authors.forename: Kang-Chu
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Preventive Medicine, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi province, China.
authors.forename: Guo-Zhen
authors.initials: GZ
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: China Academy of Telecommunication Research of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Chen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Preventive Medicine, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi province, China.
authors.forename: Gui-Rong
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Ding
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000528:radiation effects; D041702:BALB 3T3 Cells; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000528:radiation effects; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000528:radiation effects; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000528:radiation effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000528:radiation effects; D011211:Electric Power Supplies; D004574:Electromagnetic Fields / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000528:radiation effects; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D051381:Rats; D013997:Time Factors