title: Protein disulfide-isomerase, a folding catalyst and a redox-regulated chaperone.
abstract: Protein disulfide-isomerase (PDI) was the first protein-folding catalyst to be characterized, half a century ago. It plays critical roles in a variety of physiological events by displaying oxidoreductase and redox-regulated chaperone activities. This review provides a brief history of the identification of PDI as both an enzyme and a molecular chaperone and of the recent advances in studies on the structure and dynamics of PDI, the substrate binding and release, and the cooperation with its partners to catalyze oxidative protein folding and maintain ER redox homeostasis. In this review, we highlight the structural features of PDI, including the high interdomain flexibility, the multiple binding sites, the two synergic active sites, and the redox-dependent conformational changes.
authors.affiliation: National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
authors.forename: Xi
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China. Electronic address: chihwang@sun5.ibp.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Chih-chen
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002384:Catalysis; D004721:Endoplasmic Reticulum / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D018832:Molecular Chaperones / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D019704:Protein Disulfide-Isomerases / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D017510:Protein Folding
chemical_list: D018832:Molecular Chaperones; D019704:Protein Disulfide-Isomerases
keywords: Chaperone; Endoplasmic reticulum; Oxidative protein folding; Protein conformation; Protein disulfide–isomerise; Redox regulation