title: Effects of pretreatment with single-dose or intermittent oxygen on Cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Renal injury is the main side effect of cisplatin (CP), an anticancer drug. It has been shown that pretreatment with single-dose oxygen (0.5 to six hours) could reduce CP-induced renal toxicity in rats.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The present study aimed to compare the effects of pretreatment with single-dose and intermittent O2 on CP-induced nephrotoxicity.
  
  
  METHODS
  Adult male rats were allocated to seven groups (eight rats in each group). The rats were kept in normal air or hyperoxic environment (O2, 80%) for either a single six-hour period or intermittent six hours per day for seven days and then were subjected to intraperitoneal injection of saline or CP (5 mg/kg) at 48 hours, 72 hours, or seven days after exposure to O2. Three days after CP (or Saline) injection, renal function tests, renal tissue injury scores, and cleaved Caspase-3 and Bax/Bcl-2 genes expression (as markers of renal cell apoptosis) were assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Treatment with the 6-hour single-dose O2 reduced renal injury significantly when CP was administrated 48 hours after O2 pretreatment. Pretreatment with intermittent seven days of six hours per day had no protective effects and even relatively worsened renal injury when CP was injected 48 hours or 72 hours after the last session of O2 pretreatment. The beneficial effects of pretreatment with O2 on renal structure and function were seen if CP was administrates seven days after pretreatment with intermittent O2.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The pattern of pretreatment with O2 could change this potential and highly protective strategy against CP-induced nephropathy to an ineffective or even mildly deteriorating one. Therefore, O2 administration before CP injection to patients with cancer, for therapeutic purposes or as a preconditioning approach, should be performed and investigated with caution until exact effects of different protocols has been determined in human.
authors.affiliation: Razi Herbal Medicines Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, IR Iran ; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Bahram
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Rasoulian
authors.affiliation: Razi Herbal Medicines Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Ayat
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kaeidi
authors.affiliation: Razi Herbal Medicines Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Soheila
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pourkhodadad
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Omid
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Dezfoulian
authors.affiliation: Razi Herbal Medicines Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Maryam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rezaei
authors.affiliation: Urology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Hannaneh
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wahhabaghai
authors.affiliation: Division of Biochemistry, School of Veterinary Medicine, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Masoud
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Alirezaei
keywords: Cisplatin; Hyperoxia; Oxygen; Preconditioning; Toxicity