title: Carotenoids of aleurone, germ, and endosperm fractions of barley, corn and wheat differentially inhibit oxidative stress.
abstract: The antioxidant potential of carotenoids from aleurone, germ, and endosperm fractions of barley, corn, and wheat has been evaluated. HPLC analysis confirmed the presence of lutein and zeaxanthin carotenoids (nd-15139 μg/kg) in extracts of cereal grain fractions. The antioxidant properties using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, oxygen radical absorbance capacity, 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) assays revealed significantly higher (P<0.001) antioxidant activity in the germ than in the aleurone and endosperm fractions. Using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, 2,2'azobis (2-amidinopropane)dihydrochloride (AAPH)-induced cell loss was effectively reduced by preincubating Caco-2, HT-29, and FHs 74 Int cells with carotenoid extracts. Moreover, carotenoid extracts reduced (P<0.001) AAPH-induced intracellular oxidation in the cell lines, suggesting antioxidant activity. Of the 84 antioxidant pathway genes included in microarray array analysis (HT-29 cells), the expressions of 28 genes were enhanced (P<0.05). Our findings suggest that carotenoids of germ, aleurone, and endosperm fractions improved antioxidant capacity and thus have the potential to mitigate oxidative stress.
authors.forename: Kabo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Masisi
authors.affiliation: ΔManitoba Institute of Child Health, John Buhler Research Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3E 3P4.
authors.forename: William L
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Diehl-Jones
authors.affiliation: ΔManitoba Institute of Child Health, John Buhler Research Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3E 3P4.|†Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3E 0J9.
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gordon
authors.affiliation: ΔManitoba Institute of Child Health, John Buhler Research Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3E 3P4.
authors.forename: Donald
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Chapman
authors.affiliation: ○Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R2H 2A6.
authors.forename: Mohammed H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Moghadasian
authors.forename: Trust
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Beta
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018938:Caco-2 Cells; D002338:Carotenoids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D056625:Endosperm / Q000737:chemistry*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D019073:HT29 Cells; D001467:Hordeum / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000196:embryology; D006801:Humans; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012639:Seeds / Q000737:chemistry; D014908:Triticum / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000196:embryology; D003313:Zea mays / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000196:embryology
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D010936:Plant Extracts; D002338:Carotenoids
keywords: aleurone; antioxidant activity; carotenoids; endosperm; germ; oxidative stress