title: Assessment and mitigation of the environmental burdens to air from land applied food-based digestate.
abstract: Anaerobic digestion (AD) of putrescible urban waste for energy recovery has seen rapid growth over recent years. In order to ascertain its systems scale sustainability, however, determination of the environmental fate of the large volume of digestate generated during the process is indispensable. This paper evaluates the environmental burdens to air associated with land applied food-based digestate in terms of primary pollutants (ammonia, nitrogen dioxide) and greenhouse gases (methane and nitrous oxide). The assessments have been made in two stages - first, the emissions from surface application of food-based digestate are quantified for the business as usual (BAU). In the next step, environmental burden minimisation potentials for the following three mitigation measures are estimated - mixed waste digestate (MWD), soil-incorporated digestate (SID), and post-methanated digestate (PMD). Overall, the mitigation scenarios demonstrated considerable NH3, CH4 and N2O burden minimisation potentials, with positive implications for both climate change and urban pollution.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Engineering and the Environment, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom. Electronic address: a.tiwary@soton.ac.uk.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tiwary
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Engineering and the Environment, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: I D
authors.initials: ID
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.affiliation: Biomass Energy Technology Applications, Energy Environment Technology Development, Darbari Seth Block, IHC Complex, Lodhi Road, New Delhi 110 003, India; Department for Energy and Environment, TERI University, New Delhi 110 070, India.
authors.forename: D C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Pant
authors.affiliation: Biomass Energy Technology Applications, Energy Environment Technology Development, Darbari Seth Block, IHC Complex, Lodhi Road, New Delhi 110 003, India; Department for Energy and Environment, TERI University, New Delhi 110 070, India.
authors.forename: V V N
authors.initials: VVN
authors.lastname: Kishore
mesh_terms: D000641:Ammonia; D000693:Anaerobiosis; D057231:Climate Change; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D004787:Environmental Pollution; D005740:Gases / Q000032:analysis; D008697:Methane / Q000032:analysis; D009609:Nitrous Oxide / Q000032:analysis; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry; D018505:Waste Management
chemical_list: D005740:Gases; D012987:Soil; D000641:Ammonia; D009609:Nitrous Oxide; D008697:Methane
keywords: Anaerobic digestion; Bio fertilizer; Digestate; Environmental burdens; OFMSW