title: Influence of smoking on perioperative oxidative stress after pulmonary resection.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We herein investigated the influence of smoking on changes in the levels of perioperative oxidative stress after pulmonary resection.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 31 patients with primary lung cancer who underwent curative pulmonary lobectomy were analyzed prospectively. The degree of perioperative oxidative stress was evaluated based on the serum levels of derivatives of reactive oxygen metabolites (d-ROM) and biological antioxidant potential (BAP). The patients were divided into two groups: group A (smoking < 40 pack-years) and group B (smoking ≥ 40 pack-years). The d-ROM and BAP measurements were obtained preoperatively, postoperatively and on the first, second, third and fifth postoperative days.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In all 31 cases, the d-ROM values were higher on the third and fifth postoperative days than preoperatively. The extent of change in the d-ROM levels was greater in group A than in group B on the second, third and fifth postoperative days (1.05 ± 0.159 vs. 0.920 ± 0.205, p = 0.008; 1.20 ± 0.233 vs. 1.02 ± 0.186, p = 0.032; 1.34 ± 0.228 vs. 1.07 ± 0.200, p = 0.003, respectively). In contrast, there were no significant differences in the BAP values. The maximum increase in the d-ROM level and decrease in the BAP level negatively correlated with the amount of smoking (|r| = 0.428, p = 0.016 and |r| = 0.357. p = 0.049, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Surgical stress associated with pulmonary lobectomy induces oxidative stress. In addition, smoking reduces the oxidative stress reaction, and the degree of this change is correlated with the amount of smoking.
authors.affiliation: Department of General and Cardiothoracic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshimasa
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Mizuno
authors.affiliation: Department of General and Cardiothoracic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan. ihisashi@gifu-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Hisashi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Iwata
authors.affiliation: Department of General and Cardiothoracic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan.
authors.forename: Hirotaka
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.affiliation: Department of General and Cardiothoracic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan.
authors.forename: Yusaku
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Miyamoto
authors.affiliation: Department of General and Cardiothoracic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan.
authors.forename: Shohei
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mitta
authors.affiliation: Department of General and Cardiothoracic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan.
authors.forename: Koyo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shirahashi
authors.affiliation: Department of General and Cardiothoracic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan.
authors.forename: Hirofumi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Takemura
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000032:analysis; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery; D008875:Middle Aged; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D059035:Perioperative Period; D011013:Pneumonectomy; D011446:Prospective Studies; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000097:blood; D012907:Smoking / Q000097:blood / Q000503:physiopathology; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D015415:Biomarkers; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species
keywords: Oxidative stress; Pulmonary resection; Smoking