title: Trends in bone mineral density in young adults with cystic fibrosis over a 15 year period.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Improvements in clinical care have led to increased life expectancy in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) over the past several decades. Whether these improvements have had significant effects on bone health in patients with CF is unclear.
  
  
  METHODS
  This is a cross-sectional study comparing clinical characteristics and bone mineral density (BMD) measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in adults with CF evaluated in 1995-1999 to age-, race-, and gender-matched patients with CF evaluated in 2011-2013 at the same center on calibrated DXA machines.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The cohorts were similar in terms of age, BMI, pancreatic insufficiency, presence of F508del mutation, and reproductive history. In the most recent cohort, pulmonary function was superior, and fewer patients had vitamin D deficiency or secondary hyperparathyroidism. Areal BMD measures of the PA spine, lateral spine, and distal radius were similarly low in the two cohorts.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although pulmonary function and vitamin D status were better in patients in the present-day cohort, areal BMD of the spine was reduced in a significant number of patients and was no different in patients with CF today than in the late 1990s. Further attention to optimizing bone health may be necessary to prevent CF-related bone disease.
authors.affiliation: Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States. Electronic address: msputman@partners.org.
authors.forename: Melissa S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Putman
authors.affiliation: Division of Rheumatology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States.
authors.forename: Joshua F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Baker
authors.affiliation: Division of Respiratory Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.
authors.forename: Ahmet
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Uluer
authors.affiliation: Poliklinik fuer Rheumatologie, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Luebeck, Germany.
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Herlyn
authors.affiliation: Pulmonary Division, Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.
authors.forename: Allen
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lapey
authors.affiliation: Pulmonary Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.
authors.forename: Leonard
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sicilian
authors.affiliation: Mattina R. Proctor Diabetes Center, Mercy Hospital, Portland,ME, United States.
authors.forename: Angela Pizzo
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Tillotson
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; Divisions of Adolescent Medicine and Endocrinology, Hasbro Children's Hospital, Providence, RI, United States.
authors.forename: Catherine M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Gordon
authors.affiliation: Division of Rheumatology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States.
authors.forename: Peter A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Merkel
authors.affiliation: Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.
authors.forename: Joel S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Finkelstein
mesh_terms: D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D015519:Bone Density; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003550:Cystic Fibrosis / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013997:Time Factors; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Bone turnover markers; Cystic fibrosis; Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry; Osteoporosis; Vitamin D