title: Maintenance of residual activity of Bt toxin by using natural and synthetic dyes: a novel approach for sustainable mosquito vector control.
abstract: Mosquito control protein from Bacillus thuringiensis gets inactivated with exposure to sunlight. To address this issue, the potential of synthetic and natural dye was investigated as sunlight protectants. Bt SV2 in absence of dyes when exposed to sunlight showed reduced effectiveness against the fourth instars of mosquito larvae. Whereas acriflavin, congo red and violacein were able to maintain 86.4%, 91.6% and 82.2% mosquito larvicidal efficacy of Bt SV2 against IVth instars larvae of Anopheles stephensi Meigen after exposure to sunlight. Similarly, beetroot dye, acriflavin, congo red and violacein maintained 98.4%, 97.1%, 90.8% and 70.7% larvicidal activities against Aedes aegypti Linnaeus after sunlight exposure. Prodigiosin was found to be the best photo-protectant by simultaneously protecting and enhancing Bt activity by 6.16% and 22.16% against A. stephensi and A. aegypti, respectively. Combination of dyes with Bt formulations can be a good strategy for mosquito control programmes in tropical and sub-tropical regions.
authors.affiliation: a School of Life Sciences, North Maharashtra University , Post Box 80, Jalgaon , Maharashtra 425001 , India.
authors.forename: Patil
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chandrashekhar
authors.affiliation: a School of Life Sciences, North Maharashtra University , Post Box 80, Jalgaon , Maharashtra 425001 , India.
authors.forename: Suryawanshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rahul
authors.affiliation: a School of Life Sciences, North Maharashtra University , Post Box 80, Jalgaon , Maharashtra 425001 , India.
authors.forename: Borase
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hemant
authors.affiliation: a School of Life Sciences, North Maharashtra University , Post Box 80, Jalgaon , Maharashtra 425001 , India.
authors.forename: Narkhede
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Chandrakant
authors.affiliation: a School of Life Sciences, North Maharashtra University , Post Box 80, Jalgaon , Maharashtra 425001 , India.
authors.forename: Salunke
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bipinchandra
authors.affiliation: a School of Life Sciences, North Maharashtra University , Post Box 80, Jalgaon , Maharashtra 425001 , India.|b North Maharashtra Microbial Culture Collection Centre (NMCC), North Maharashtra University , Post Box 80, Jalgaon , Maharashtra 425001 , India.
authors.forename: Patil
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Satish
mesh_terms: D000330:Aedes; D000818:Animals; D000852:Anopheles; D001413:Bacillus thuringiensis; D001427:Bacterial Toxins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000528:radiation effects; D004396:Coloring Agents / Q000737:chemistry*; D007306:Insecticides / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000528:radiation effects; D007814:Larva; D009032:Mosquito Control; D010782:Photolysis; D013472:Sunlight
chemical_list: D001427:Bacterial Toxins; D004396:Coloring Agents; D007306:Insecticides
keywords: Bacillus thuringiensis; Bt SV2 dye photo-protectant; mosquito borne diseases control