title: Heat shock response and autophagy--cooperation and control.
abstract: Protein quality control (proteostasis) depends on constant protein degradation and resynthesis, and is essential for proper homeostasis in systems from single cells to whole organisms. Cells possess several mechanisms and processes to maintain proteostasis. At one end of the spectrum, the heat shock proteins modulate protein folding and repair. At the other end, the proteasome and autophagy as well as other lysosome-dependent systems, function in the degradation of dysfunctional proteins. In this review, we examine how these systems interact to maintain proteostasis. Both the direct cellular data on heat shock control over autophagy and the time course of exercise-associated changes in humans support the model that heat shock response and autophagy are tightly linked. Studying the links between exercise stress and molecular control of proteostasis provides evidence that the heat shock response and autophagy coordinate and undergo sequential activation and downregulation, and that this is essential for proper proteostasis in eukaryotic systems.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Internal Medicine; Health Sciences Center; Health, Exercise & Sports Science of University of New Mexico ; Albuquerque , NM USA.
authors.forename: Karol
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Dokladny
authors.forename: Orrin B
authors.initials: OB
authors.lastname: Myers
authors.forename: Pope L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Moseley
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001343:Autophagy / Q000502:physiology*; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D018869:Heat-Shock Response / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008247:Lysosomes / Q000378:metabolism*; D053858:Metabolic Networks and Pathways / Q000502:physiology*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins
keywords: AKT, v-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog 1; AMPK, adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase; ATG, autophagy-related; BECN1, Beclin 1, autophagy related; EIF4EBP1, eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E binding protein 1; ER, endoplasmic reticulum; FOXO, forkhead box O; HSF1, heat shock transcription factor 1; HSP, heat shock protein; HSP70; HSPA8/HSC70, heat shock 70kDa protein 8; IL, interleukin; LC3, MAP1LC3, microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3; MTMR14/hJumpy, myotubularin related protein 14; MTOR, mechanistic target of rapamycin; NR1D1/Rev-Erb-α, nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group D, member 1; PBMC, peripheral blood mononuclear cell; PPARGC1A/PGC-1α, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor, gamma, coactivator 1 α; RHEB, Ras homolog enriched in brain; SOD, superoxide dismutase; SQSTM1/p62, sequestosome 1; TPR, translocated promoter region, nuclear basket protein; TSC, tuberous sclerosis complex; ULK1, unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1; autophagy; exercise; heat shock response; humans; protein breakdown; protein synthesis