title: Intervening to alleviate word-finding difficulties in children: case series data and a computational modelling foundation.
abstract: We evaluated a simple computational model of productive vocabulary acquisition, applied to simulating two case studies of 7-year-old children with developmental word-finding difficulties across four core behavioural tasks. Developmental models were created, which captured the deficits of each child. In order to predict the effects of intervention, we exposed the computational models to simulated behavioural interventions of two types, targeting the improvement of either phonological or semantic knowledge. The model was then evaluated by testing the predictions from the simulations against the actual results from an intervention study carried out with the two children. For one child it was predicted that the phonological intervention would be effective, and the semantic intervention would not. This was borne out in the behavioural study. For the second child, the predictions were less clear and depended on the nature of simulated damage to the model. The behavioural study found an effect of semantic but not phonological intervention. Through an explicit computational simulation, we therefore employed intervention data to evaluate our theoretical understanding of the processes underlying acquisition of lexical items for production and how they may vary in children with developmental language difficulties.
authors.affiliation: a Division of Psychology & Language Sciences , University College London , Chandler House, 2 Wakefield Street, London , WC1N 2PF , UK.
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Best
authors.affiliation: b Department of Psychological Sciences , Birkbeck College London , London , UK.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fedor
authors.affiliation: a Division of Psychology & Language Sciences , University College London , Chandler House, 2 Wakefield Street, London , WC1N 2PF , UK.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hughes
authors.affiliation: c Department of Psychology and Human Development , Institute of Education , London , UK.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kapikian
authors.affiliation: c Department of Psychology and Human Development , Institute of Education , London , UK.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Masterson
authors.affiliation: c Department of Psychology and Human Development , Institute of Education , London , UK.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Roncoli
authors.affiliation: d School of Psychology, Social Work and Human Sciences , University of West London , Brentford, London.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Fern-Pollak
authors.affiliation: b Department of Psychological Sciences , Birkbeck College London , London , UK.
authors.forename: M S C
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Thomas
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002663:Child Language; D003198:Computer Simulation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007806:Language Disorders / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D007807:Language Tests; D012660:Semantics; D014825:Vocabulary
keywords: connectionist modelling; intervention; naming; phonology; semantics; word-finding difficulties