title: Methodological aspects of the molecular and histological study of prostate cancer: focus on PTEN.
abstract: Prostate cancer is among the most frequent cancers in men, and despite its high rate of cure, the high number of cases results in an elevated mortality worldwide. Importantly, prostate cancer incidence is dramatically increasing in western societies in the past decades, suggesting that this type of tumor is exquisitely sensitive to lifestyle changes. Prostate cancer frequently exhibits alterations in the PTEN gene (inactivating mutations or gene deletions) or at the protein level (reduced protein expression or altered sub-cellular compartmentalization). The relevance of PTEN in this type of cancer is further supported by the fact that the sole deletion of PTEN in the murine prostate epithelium recapitulates many of the features of the human disease. In order to study the molecular alterations in prostate cancer, we need to overcome the methodological challenges that this tissue imposes. In this review we present protocols and methods, using PTEN as proof of concept, to study different molecular characteristics of prostate cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Basurto University Hospital, 48013 Bilbao, Spain.
authors.forename: Aitziber
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ugalde-Olano
authors.affiliation: Basque Biobank, Basque Foundation for Health Innovation and Research-BIOEF, Barakaldo, Spain.
authors.forename: Ainara
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Egia
authors.affiliation: CIC bioGUNE, Bizkaia Technology Park, 801 Building, 48160 Derio, Spain.
authors.forename: Sonia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fernández-Ruiz
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Basurto University Hospital, 48013 Bilbao, Spain.
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Loizaga-Iriarte
authors.affiliation: CIC bioGUNE, Bizkaia Technology Park, 801 Building, 48160 Derio, Spain.
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zuñiga-García
authors.affiliation: Centre de Recherche en Carcérologie de Marseille (CRCM), INSERM UMR 1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Aix-Marseille University and Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, Marseille, France.
authors.forename: Stephane
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Garcia
authors.affiliation: CIC bioGUNE, Bizkaia Technology Park, 801 Building, 48160 Derio, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (Ciberehd), Spain.
authors.forename: Félix
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Royo
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Basurto University Hospital, 48013 Bilbao, Spain.
authors.forename: Isabel
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Lacasa-Viscasillas
authors.affiliation: Basque Biobank, Basque Foundation for Health Innovation and Research-BIOEF, Barakaldo, Spain.
authors.forename: Erika
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Castro
authors.affiliation: CIC bioGUNE, Bizkaia Technology Park, 801 Building, 48160 Derio, Spain.
authors.forename: Ana R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Cortazar
authors.affiliation: CIC bioGUNE, Bizkaia Technology Park, 801 Building, 48160 Derio, Spain.
authors.forename: Amaia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zabala-Letona
authors.affiliation: CIC bioGUNE, Bizkaia Technology Park, 801 Building, 48160 Derio, Spain.
authors.forename: Natalia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Martín-Martín
authors.affiliation: CIC bioGUNE, Bizkaia Technology Park, 801 Building, 48160 Derio, Spain.
authors.forename: Amaia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Arruabarrena-Aristorena
authors.affiliation: CIC bioGUNE, Bizkaia Technology Park, 801 Building, 48160 Derio, Spain.
authors.forename: Verónica
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Torrano-Moya
authors.affiliation: CIC bioGUNE, Bizkaia Technology Park, 801 Building, 48160 Derio, Spain.
authors.forename: Lorea
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Valcárcel-Jiménez
authors.affiliation: CIC bioGUNE, Bizkaia Technology Park, 801 Building, 48160 Derio, Spain.
authors.forename: Pilar
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sánchez-Mosquera
authors.affiliation: CIC bioGUNE, Bizkaia Technology Park, 801 Building, 48160 Derio, Spain.
authors.forename: Alfredo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Caro-Maldonado
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Basurto University Hospital, 48013 Bilbao, Spain.
authors.forename: Jorge
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: González-Tampan
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Basurto University Hospital, 48013 Bilbao, Spain.
authors.forename: Guido
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cachi-Fuentes
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Basurto University Hospital, 48013 Bilbao, Spain.
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bilbao
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Basurto University Hospital, 48013 Bilbao, Spain.
authors.forename: Rocío
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Montero
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Basurto University Hospital, 48013 Bilbao, Spain; Basque Biobank, Basque Foundation for Health Innovation and Research-BIOEF, Barakaldo, Spain.
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fernández
authors.affiliation: Basque Biobank, Basque Foundation for Health Innovation and Research-BIOEF, Barakaldo, Spain.
authors.forename: Edurne
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Arrieta
authors.affiliation: Basque Biobank, Basque Foundation for Health Innovation and Research-BIOEF, Barakaldo, Spain.
authors.forename: Kerman
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Zorroza
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Mireia
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Castillo-Martín
authors.affiliation: Molecular Therapeutics Research Unit, Medical Oncology Department, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Experimental Therapeutics Group, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Violeta
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Serra
authors.affiliation: Basque Biobank, Basque Foundation for Health Innovation and Research-BIOEF, Barakaldo, Spain.
authors.forename: Eider
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Salazar
authors.affiliation: CIC bioGUNE, Bizkaia Technology Park, 801 Building, 48160 Derio, Spain.
authors.forename: Nuria
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Macías-Cámara
authors.affiliation: Molecular Therapeutics Research Unit, Medical Oncology Department, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Experimental Therapeutics Group, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Jose
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tabernero
authors.affiliation: Molecular Therapeutics Research Unit, Medical Oncology Department, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Experimental Therapeutics Group, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Human Oncology & Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Jose
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Baselga
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cordón-Cardo
authors.affiliation: CIC bioGUNE, Bizkaia Technology Park, 801 Building, 48160 Derio, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (Ciberehd), Spain.
authors.forename: Ana M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Aransay
authors.affiliation: Basque Biobank, Basque Foundation for Health Innovation and Research-BIOEF, Barakaldo, Spain.
authors.forename: Amaia Del
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Villar
authors.affiliation: Centre de Recherche en Carcérologie de Marseille (CRCM), INSERM UMR 1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Aix-Marseille University and Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, Marseille, France.
authors.forename: Juan L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Iovanna
authors.affiliation: CIC bioGUNE, Bizkaia Technology Park, 801 Building, 48160 Derio, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (Ciberehd), Spain; Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain.
authors.forename: Juan M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Falcón-Pérez
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Basurto University Hospital, 48013 Bilbao, Spain.
authors.forename: Miguel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Unda
authors.affiliation: Basque Biobank, Basque Foundation for Health Innovation and Research-BIOEF, Barakaldo, Spain.
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bilbao
authors.affiliation: CIC bioGUNE, Bizkaia Technology Park, 801 Building, 48160 Derio, Spain; Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain; Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Bilbao, Spain. Electronic address: acarracedo@cicbiogune.es.
authors.forename: Arkaitz
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Carracedo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics; D051059:PTEN Phosphohydrolase / Q000032:analysis* / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins / Q000032:analysis* / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins; D051059:PTEN Phosphohydrolase; C494929:PTEN protein, human
keywords: Fresh tissue; Molecular biology; PTEN; Prostate cancer