title: Intercanine width as a tool in two dimensional reconstruction of face: An aid in forensic dentistry.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Dental evidence is a valuable tool in identifying individuals, especially when disasters befall. Reference points in faciomaxillary region such as interpupillary distance, intercanthal distance, interalar distance and bizygomatic width can significantly contribute toward reconstruction of two-dimensional (2D) facial profiles. This study was researched upon to determine the relationship between the maxillary intercanine width and the different reference points of the face.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the following study is to ascertain whether maxillary intercanine width can be used to detect interpupillary distance, intercanthal distance, interalar distance and bizygomatic distance and to evaluate the role of maxillary intercanine width in the 2D reconstruction of the face.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was carried out by consent and involved 90 subjects-45 males and 45 females who satisfied the inclusion criteria. Subjects were divided into three age groups, i.e. 18-24, 25-28, 29-35. Four parameters were measured- intercanine width, interpupillary distance, intercanthal distance and interalar distance. All the measurements were carried out with a digital Vernier caliper. The bizygomatic width was measured from posterior-anterior view. Two empiricists were assigned for the task. Each test was carried out twice to validate the soundness of the findings and to reduce bias.
  
  
  METHODS
  Analysis of variance and Pearson correlation was established. Regression analysis was performed to predict the study variables by intercanine width.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Intercanine width showed a significant relationship with different points. The width varied with age and gender.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Inter canine width can be used as a valuable parameter in the reconstruction of face in two dimensional as it shows significant relationship with faciomaxillary reference point such as interpupillary distance, intercanthal distance, interalar distance and bizygomatic width.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Raja Rajeswari Dental College and Hospital, Ramholli Cross, Kumbalgodu, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Peeyush
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Shivhare
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Raja Rajeswari Dental College and Hospital, Ramholli Cross, Kumbalgodu, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Lata
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Shankarnarayan
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Raja Rajeswari Dental College and Hospital, Ramholli Cross, Kumbalgodu, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Sowbhagya Malligere
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Basavaraju
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Raja Rajeswari Dental College and Hospital, Ramholli Cross, Kumbalgodu, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Ashish
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Raja Rajeswari Dental College and Hospital, Ramholli Cross, Kumbalgodu, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Vinitra
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Vasan
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Raja Rajeswari Dental College and Hospital, Ramholli Cross, Kumbalgodu, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Usha
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Jambunath
keywords: Facial reconstruction anthropometry; forensic science; odontomertic analysis