title: Interaction of mealtime ad libitum beverage and food intake with meal advancement in healthy young men and women.
abstract: The objective of this study was to describe the interaction of beverage and food intake with meal advancement in healthy adults. In a randomized controlled study, 29 men and women consumed to satiation, over 20 min, a pizza meal with one of the five beverages including water, 1% milk, orange juice, regular cola and diet cola. Mealtime food and fluid intake were measured, within each of three 7-min phases of the meal. A progressive decline occurred from phase 1 to 3 in fluid intake and food intake, averaging 59 mL and 268 kcal (P < 0.0001) respectively; however, the relative intake of fluid to food (mL/kcal) increased (P < 0.0001). Beverage type was not a factor. All beverages resulted in similar fluid volume intake compared to water. However, caloric beverages led to higher mealtime total energy intake compared to water (P < 0.001) and diet cola (P < 0.0001). Baseline thirst correlated positively with both fluid (r = 0.28; P < 0.001) and food (r = 0.16; P < 0.05) intakes at the meal, whereas baseline appetite associated positively only with mealtime food intake (r = 0.23; P<0.01). In conclusion, mealtime fluid and food intakes interact, unaffected by beverage characteristics, to increase the ratio of fluid to food intake with meal progression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E2, Canada.
authors.forename: Dalia
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: El Khoury
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E2, Canada.
authors.forename: Shirin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Panahi
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Human Nutrition, Faculty of Professional Studies, Mount Saint Vincent University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3M 2J6, Canada.
authors.forename: Bohdan L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Luhovyy
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Douglas Goff
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E2, Canada. Electronic address: harvey.anderson@utoronto.ca.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Harvey Anderson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001066:Appetite; D001628:Beverages; D004326:Drinking / Q000502:physiology*; D004435:Eating / Q000502:physiology*; D002149:Energy Intake; D005247:Feeding Behavior / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006815:Hunger; D008297:Male; D062407:Meals / Q000502:physiology / Q000523:psychology; D013894:Thirst; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Ad libitum; Appetite; Beverage type; Caloric intake; Fluid intake; Interaction; Meal advancement; Thirst