title: Sexual dysfunction in diabetic women: prevalence and differences in type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this work was to evaluate the impact of diabetes on female sexuality and to highlight any differences between sexuality in the context of type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM).
  
  
  METHODS
  The subjects selected were 49 women with type 1 DM, 24 women with type 2 DM, and 45 healthy women as controls. Each participant was given the nine-item Female Sexual Function Index questionnaire to complete. The metabolic profile was evaluated by body mass index and glycosylated hemoglobin assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of sexual dysfunction (total score ≤30) was significantly higher in the type 1 DM group (25/49, 51%; 95% confidence interval [CI] 18-31) than in the control group (4/45, 9%; 95% CI 3-5; P=0.00006); there were no significant variations in the type 2 DM group (4/24, 17%; 95% CI 3-4) versus the control group (P=0.630, not statistically significant). The mean total score was significantly lower in the type 1 DM group (30.2±6.9) versus the control group (36.5±4.9; P=0.0003), but there was no significant difference between the type 2 DM group and the control group (P=0.773). With regard to specific questionnaire items, the mean values for arousal, lubrication, dyspareunia, and orgasm were significantly lower only in the type 1 DM group versus the control group. The mean values for desire were reduced in type 1 and type 2 DM groups versus control group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Type 1 DM is associated with sexual dysfunction. This may be due to classic neurovascular complications or to the negative impact of the disease on psychosocial factors. Larger and ideally longitudinal studies are necessary to better understand the relationship between DM and sexual dysfunction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Unit of Diabetology and Endocrinology, University of Rome Sapienza, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Rossella
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mazzilli
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Unit of Diabetology and Endocrinology, University of Rome Sapienza, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Norina
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Imbrogno
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Unit of Diabetology and Endocrinology, University of Rome Sapienza, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Jlenia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Elia
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Unit of Diabetology and Endocrinology, University of Rome Sapienza, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Michele
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Delfino
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Unit of Diabetology and Endocrinology, University of Rome Sapienza, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Olimpia
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Bitterman
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Unit of Diabetology and Endocrinology, University of Rome Sapienza, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Napoli
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Unit of Diabetology and Endocrinology, University of Rome Sapienza, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mazzilli
keywords: Female Sexual Function Index; diabetes mellitus; female sexuality