title: Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy for ALL.
abstract: Relapsed and refractory leukemias pose substantial challenges in both children and adults, with very little progress being made in more than a decade. Targeted immunotherapy using chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-modified T cells has emerged as a potent therapy with an innovative mechanism. Dramatic clinical responses with complete remission rates as high as 90% have been reported using CAR-modified T cells directed against the B-cell-specific antigen CD19 in patients with relapsed/refractory acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Supraphysiologic T-cell proliferation, a hallmark of this therapy, contributes to both efficacy and the most notable toxicity, cytokine release syndrome, posing a unique challenge for toxicity management. Further studies are necessary to identify additional targets, standardize approaches to cytokine release syndrome management, and determine the durability of remissions.
authors.affiliation: Division of Oncology and.
authors.forename: Shannon L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Maude
authors.affiliation: University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX.
authors.forename: Elizabeth J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Shpall
authors.affiliation: Division of Oncology and Department of Pathology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, and Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA; and.
authors.forename: Stephan A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Grupp
mesh_terms: D018941:Antigens, CD19 / Q000276:immunology; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D006801:Humans; D007167:Immunotherapy; D054198:Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy*; D011948:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell / Q000276:immunology*; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D018941:Antigens, CD19; D011948:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell