title: Complications After Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy: A Video Evaluation Study of Whether the Critical View of Safety was Reached.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Achieving the critical view of safety (CVS) before transection of the cystic artery and duct is important to reduce biliary duct injury in laparoscopic cholecystectomy. To gain more insight into complications after laparoscopic cholecystectomy, we investigated whether the criteria for CVS were met during surgery by analyzing videos of operations performed at our institution.
  
  
  METHODS
  All consecutive patients who underwent a completed laparoscopic cholecystectomy between 2009 and 2011 were included. The videos of the operations of patients with complications were independently reviewed and rated by two investigators with a third consulted in the event of a disagreement. The reviewers answered consecutive questions about whether the CVS criteria were met. Patients who underwent an elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy and had no complications were used as a control group for comparison.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 1108 consecutive patients who had undergone a laparoscopic cholecystectomy during the study period, 8.8 % developed complications (average age 51 years) and 1.7 % had bile duct injuries [six patients (0.6 %) had a major bile duct injury, type B, D, or E injury]. In the 65 surgical videos available for analysis, CVS was reached in 80 % of cases according to the operative notes. However, the reviewers found that CVS was reached in only 10.8 % of the cases. Only in 18.7 % of the cases the operative notes and video agreed about CVS being reached. CVS was not reached in any of the patients who had biliary injuries. In the control group, CVS was reached significantly more often in 72 %.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In our institutional series of laparoscopic cholecystectomies with postoperative complications, CVS was reached in only a few cases. Evaluating surgical videos of laparoscopic cholecystectomy cases are important and we recommend its use to improve surgical technique and decrease the number of biliary injuries.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Amphia Hospital, Molengracht 21, 4818 CK, Breda, The Netherlands, mnijssen@amphia.nl.
authors.forename: M A J
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Nijssen
authors.forename: J M J
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Schreinemakers
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Meyer
authors.forename: G P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: van der Schelling
authors.forename: R M P H
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Crolla
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Rijken
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001652:Bile Ducts / Q000293:injuries*; D017081:Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006499:Hepatic Artery / Q000293:injuries; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000209:etiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014741:Video Recording; D055815:Young Adult