title: On the correlation between perceptual inundation caused by realistic immersive environmental auditory scenes and the sensory gating inventory in schizophrenia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In schizophrenia, perceptual inundation related to sensory gating deficit can be evaluated "off-line" with the sensory gating inventory (SGI) and "on-line" during listening tests. However, no study investigated the relation between "off-line evaluation" and "on-line evaluation". The present study investigates this relationship.
  
  
  METHODS
  A sound corpus of 36 realistic environmental auditory scenes was obtained from a 3D immersive synthesizer. Twenty schizophrenic patients and twenty healthy subjects completed the SGI and evaluated the feeling of "inundation" from 1 ("null") to 5 ("maximum") for each auditory scene. Sensory gating deficit was evaluated in half of each population group with P50 suppression electrophysiological measure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Evaluation of inundation during sound listening was significantly higher in schizophrenia (3.25) compared to the control group (2.40, P<.001). The evaluation of inundation during the listening test correlated significantly with the perceptual modulation (n=20, rho=.52, P=.029) and the over-inclusion dimensions (n=20, rho=.59, P=.01) of the SGI in schizophrenic patients and with the P50 suppression for the entire group of controls and patients who performed ERP recordings (n=20, rho=-.49, P=.027).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  An evaluation of the external validity of the SGI was obtained through listening tests. The ability to control acoustic parameters of each of the realistic immersive environmental auditory scenes might in future research make it possible to identify acoustic triggers related to perceptual inundation in schizophrenia.
authors.affiliation: Pôle de Psychiatrie « Solaris », CHU de Sainte-Marguerite, 270, boulevard de Sainte-Marguerite, 13009 Marseille, France; Unité de Neurophysiologie et Psychophysiologie, Pôle de Psychiatrie Universitaire, CHU Sainte-Marguerite, 270, boulevard Sainte-Marguerite, 13009 Marseille, France; Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives (LNC), UMR CNRS 7291, 31 Aix-Marseille Université, Site Saint-Charles, 3, place Victor-Hugo, 13331 Marseille cedex 3, France.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: El-Kaim
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Mécanique et d'Acoustique, LMA, CNRS, UPR 7051, Aix-Marseille Université, Centrale Marseille, 13402 Marseille cedex 20, France.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Aramaki
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Mécanique et d'Acoustique, LMA, CNRS, UPR 7051, Aix-Marseille Université, Centrale Marseille, 13402 Marseille cedex 20, France.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ystad
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Mécanique et d'Acoustique, LMA, CNRS, UPR 7051, Aix-Marseille Université, Centrale Marseille, 13402 Marseille cedex 20, France.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kronland-Martinet
authors.affiliation: Pôle de Psychiatrie « Solaris », CHU de Sainte-Marguerite, 270, boulevard de Sainte-Marguerite, 13009 Marseille, France; Unité de Neurophysiologie et Psychophysiologie, Pôle de Psychiatrie Universitaire, CHU Sainte-Marguerite, 270, boulevard Sainte-Marguerite, 13009 Marseille, France; Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives (LNC), UMR CNRS 7291, 31 Aix-Marseille Université, Site Saint-Charles, 3, place Victor-Hugo, 13331 Marseille cedex 3, France.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cermolacce
authors.affiliation: Pôle de Psychiatrie « Solaris », CHU de Sainte-Marguerite, 270, boulevard de Sainte-Marguerite, 13009 Marseille, France; Unité de Neurophysiologie et Psychophysiologie, Pôle de Psychiatrie Universitaire, CHU Sainte-Marguerite, 270, boulevard Sainte-Marguerite, 13009 Marseille, France; Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives (LNC), UMR CNRS 7291, 31 Aix-Marseille Université, Site Saint-Charles, 3, place Victor-Hugo, 13331 Marseille cedex 3, France.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Naudin
authors.affiliation: Pôle de Psychiatrie « Solaris », CHU de Sainte-Marguerite, 270, boulevard de Sainte-Marguerite, 13009 Marseille, France; Unité de Neurophysiologie et Psychophysiologie, Pôle de Psychiatrie Universitaire, CHU Sainte-Marguerite, 270, boulevard Sainte-Marguerite, 13009 Marseille, France; Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives (LNC), UMR CNRS 7291, 31 Aix-Marseille Université, Site Saint-Charles, 3, place Victor-Hugo, 13331 Marseille cedex 3, France.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vion-Dury
authors.affiliation: Pôle de Psychiatrie « Solaris », CHU de Sainte-Marguerite, 270, boulevard de Sainte-Marguerite, 13009 Marseille, France; Unité de Neurophysiologie et Psychophysiologie, Pôle de Psychiatrie Universitaire, CHU Sainte-Marguerite, 270, boulevard Sainte-Marguerite, 13009 Marseille, France; Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives (LNC), UMR CNRS 7291, 31 Aix-Marseille Université, Site Saint-Charles, 3, place Victor-Hugo, 13331 Marseille cedex 3, France. Electronic address: jarthur.micoulaud@gmail.com.
authors.forename: J-A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Micoulaud-Franchi
mesh_terms: D000161:Acoustic Stimulation / Q000379:methods*; D000328:Adult; D005072:Evoked Potentials, Auditory / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010555:Personality Inventory; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012565:Schizophrenic Psychology; D055139:Sensory Gating / Q000502:physiology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: P50; Perceptual anomalies; Schizophrenia; Self-report; Sensory gating