title: Identification of chemical constituents and larvicidal activity of essential oil from Murraya exotica L. (Rutaceae) against Aedes aegypti, Anopheles stephensi and Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae).
abstract: This study was conducted to evaluate the phytochemical composition and larvicidal effect of leaf essential oil from Murraya exotica against early fourth-instar larvae of Aedes aegypti, Anopheles stephensi and Culex quinquefasciatus. Gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analyses revealed that the essential oil contained 27 components. The major chemical components identified were β-humulene (40.62%), benzyl benzoate (23.96%), β-caryophyllene (7.05%) and α-terpinene (5.66%). The larval mortality was observed after 12 and 24 h of exposure period. The results revealed that essential oil showed varied levels of larvicidal activity against A. aegypti, A. stephensi and C. quinquefasciatus. After 12 h of exposure period, the larvicidal activities were LC₅₀ = 74.7 and LC₉₀ = 152.7 ppm (A. aegypti), LC₅₀ = 56.3 and LC₉₀ = 107.8 ppm (A. stephensi ), and LC₅₀ = 74.4 and LC₉₀ = 136.9 ppm (C. quinquefasciatus) and the larvicidal activities after 24 h of exposure period were LC₅₀ = 35.8 and LC₉₀ = 85.4 ppm (A. aegypti), LC₅₀ = 31.3 and LC₉₀ = 75.1 ppm (A. stephensi), and LC₅₀ = 43.2 and LC₉₀ = 103.2 ppm (C. quinquefasciatus). These results suggest that leaf essential oil from M. exotica is a promising and eco-friendly source of natural larvicidal agent against A. aegypti, A. stephensi and C. quinquefasciatus.
authors.affiliation: Department of Botany, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, Tamil Nadu, 608 002, India.
authors.forename: Shanmugam
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Krishnamoorthy
authors.forename: Manivachagam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chandrasekaran
authors.forename: Gnanaprakasam Adaikala
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Raj
authors.forename: Mahalingam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jayaraman
authors.forename: Venugopalan
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Venkatesalu
mesh_terms: D000330:Aedes / Q000187:drug effects*; D000818:Animals; D000852:Anopheles / Q000187:drug effects*; D001565:Benzoates / Q000032:analysis / Q000302:isolation & purification; D003465:Culex / Q000187:drug effects*; D000081005:Cyclohexane Monoterpenes; D007306:Insecticides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007814:Larva / Q000187:drug effects; D000081222:Monocyclic Sesquiterpenes; D039821:Monoterpenes / Q000032:analysis / Q000302:isolation & purification; D032101:Murraya / Q000737:chemistry*; D009822:Oils, Volatile / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000081223:Polycyclic Sesquiterpenes; D012717:Sesquiterpenes / Q000032:analysis / Q000302:isolation & purification
chemical_list: D001565:Benzoates; D000081005:Cyclohexane Monoterpenes; D007306:Insecticides; D000081222:Monocyclic Sesquiterpenes; D039821:Monoterpenes; D009822:Oils, Volatile; D010938:Plant Oils; D000081223:Polycyclic Sesquiterpenes; D012717:Sesquiterpenes; C018669:gamma-terpinene; C042686:humulene; C024714:caryophyllene; C006723:benzyl benzoate