title: Sustained-release of naproxen sodium from electrospun-aligned PLLA-PCL scaffolds.
abstract: Spontaneous tendon healing may result in reduced tissue functionality. In view of this, tissue engineering (TE) emerges as a promising approach in promoting proper tendon regeneration. However, unfavourable post-surgical adhesion formations restrict adequate tendon healing through the TE approach. Naproxen sodium (NPS), a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), has been demonstrated to prevent adhesions by inhibiting the inflammatory response. Therefore, in this study, various factors, such as polymer composition, i.e. different poly-l-lactic acid (PLLA):polycaprolactone (PCL) ratios, and percentage of water:hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP; as co-solvent) ratios, were investigated to understand how these can influence the release of NPS from electrospun scaffolds. By adjusting the amount of water as the co-solvent, NPS could be released sustainably for as long as 2 weeks. Scaffold breaking strength was also enhanced with the addition of water as the co-solvent. This NPS-loaded scaffold showed no significant cytotoxicity, and L929 murine fibroblasts cultured on the scaffolds were able to proliferate and align along the fibre orientation. These scaffolds with desirable tendon TE characteristics would be promising candidates in achieving better tendon regeneration in vivo. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
authors.affiliation: School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.|Institute for Sports Research, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.|School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, UK.
authors.forename: Yuan Siang
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Lui
authors.affiliation: Institute for Sports Research, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.|School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, UK.|National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine England, Arthritis Research UK Centre for Sport, Exercise and Osteoarthritis, School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, UK.
authors.forename: Mark P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Lewis
authors.affiliation: School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.|Institute for Sports Research, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.|Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering (SCELSE), Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.
authors.forename: Say Chye Joachim
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Loo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations / Q000494:pharmacology; D065546:Drug Liberation; D051379:Mice; D009288:Naproxen / Q000494:pharmacology*; D056951:Photoelectron Spectroscopy; D011091:Polyesters / Q000737:chemistry*; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods*; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds / Q000737:chemistry*; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D011091:Polyesters; D014867:Water; C016240:polycaprolactone; C033616:poly(lactide); D009288:Naproxen
keywords: PCL; PLLA; adhesion formation; electrospinning; naproxen sodium; tendon regeneration