title: Ketosis, ketogenic diet and food intake control: a complex relationship.
abstract: Though the hunger-reduction phenomenon reported during ketogenic diets is well-known, the underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms remain uncertain. Ketosis has been demonstrated to exert an anorexigenic effect via cholecystokinin (CCK) release while reducing orexigenic signals e.g., via ghrelin. However, ketone bodies (KB) seem to be able to increase food intake through AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and the release and production of adiponectin. The aim of this review is to provide a summary of our current knowledge of the effects of ketogenic diet (KD) on food control in an effort to unify the apparently contradictory data into a coherent picture.
authors.affiliation: Nutrition and Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova Padova, Italy.
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Paoli
authors.affiliation: Nutrition and Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova Padova, Italy.
authors.forename: Gerardo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bosco
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of South Florida Tampa, FL, USA ; TEAMHealth Tampa, FL, USA.
authors.forename: Enrico M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Camporesi
authors.affiliation: TEAMHealth Tampa, FL, USA ; Tampa General Hospital Tampa, FL, USA.
authors.forename: Devanand
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mangar
keywords: appetite; brain; hunger; hypothalamus; ketogenic diet; ketones