title: Assessing improvements in survival for stroke patients in the Northern Territory 1992-2013: a marginal structural analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the present study was to investigate changes in stroke survival among Indigenous and non-Indigenous patients in the Northern Territory (NT).
  
  
  METHODS
  A longitudinal study was undertaken of stroke patients admitted to NT public hospitals between 1992 and 2013. The Kaplan-Meier method and proportional hazards regression were used for survival analysis. A marginal structural model was applied to adjust for time-dependent confounders and informative censoring. RESULTS; There were 4754 stroke in-patients over the period, with 3540 new cases and 837 stroke deaths. Mean age of onset for Indigenous patients (51.7 years) was 12.3 years younger than that for non-Indigenous patients. After adjustments for confounders and loss to follow-up, in-hospital deaths were more likely among Indigenous patients (hazard ratio (HR) = 1.56; P < 0.01) and less likely among males (HR = 0.86; P < 0.05) and patients from remote areas (HR = 0.72; P < 0.01). There was a 3% decrease annually in mortality hazard from 1992 to 2013. Renal disease, cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease had deleterious effects on stroke survival.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Stroke survival has improved in the NT over the past two decades. The marginal structural models provide a powerful methodological tool that can be applied to hospital administrative data to assess changes in quality of care and the impact of interventions.
authors.affiliation: Health Gains Planning, NT Department of Health, PO Box 40596, Casuarina, NT 0811, Australia. Email.
authors.forename: Yuejen
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Health Gains Planning, NT Department of Health, PO Box 40596, Casuarina, NT 0811, Australia. Email.
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Condon
authors.affiliation: Health Gains Planning, NT Department of Health, PO Box 40596, Casuarina, NT 0811, Australia. Email.
authors.forename: Jiqiong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: You
authors.affiliation: Health Gains Planning, NT Department of Health, PO Box 40596, Casuarina, NT 0811, Australia. Email.
authors.forename: Steven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Guthridge
authors.affiliation: Menzies School of Health Research, PO Box 41096, Casuarina, NT 0811, Australia. Email.
authors.forename: Vincent
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: He
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017668:Age of Onset; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006302:Health Services Research; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015876:Northern Territory / Q000453:epidemiology; D058996:Quality Improvement; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D020521:Stroke / Q000401:mortality*; D016019:Survival Analysis