title: The role of adenovirus 36 as a risk factor in obesity: the first clinical study made in the fatty tissues of adults in Turkey.
abstract: Obesity which developes due to multifactorial reasons, was associated recently with human Adenovirus-36 (Ad-36). The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of Ad-36 antibodies in obese adults and also to investigate the DNA of Ad-36 in their adipose tissue. In this cross-sectional and case-control based study, 49 obese adults, with BMI ≥ 30 kg/m(2), and 49 non-obese adults, with BMI ≤ 25 kg/m(2), applied for esthetic purposes and were included in this study as patient and control groups, respectively. Adipose tissue samples, obtained by the lipoaspiration method, were studied by single-step PCR and nested-PCR methods. Simultaneously, the presence of Ad-36 antibodies and serum leptin and adiponectin levels were assessed by serum neutralization assay (SNA) and ELISA, respectively. Serum samples which didn't cause a cytopathic effect at ≥ 1:8 were accepted as positive. Ad-36 antibody was detected in 6 (12.2%) of 49 patients by SNA and was statistically significant (p < 0.05). Ad-36 DNA was not detected in any of the adipose tissue samples of the patient or control groups. Mean BMI and leptin levels were higher in the Ad-36-positive group, while adiponectin levels were found to be lower in the Ad-36-positive group. Although no statistically significant difference was found in cholesterol and triglyceride levels between the two groups (p > 0.05), lower mean serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels were found in the Ad-36-positive patients. In conclusion, we couldn't detect Ad-36 DNA in adipose tissue; however, we detected significantly higher Ad-36 antibody levels in the obese group compared to the non-obese group, according to the both univariant and multivariant analyses, suggesting that Ad-36 may play a role in obesity. There is a need for new and extended serial, particularly cohort and human-based, studies in order to have a clear understanding of the Ad-36-obesity relationship.
authors.affiliation: Istanbul University, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Department of Medical Microbiology, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Sevgi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ergin
authors.affiliation: Istanbul University, Veterinary Faculty, Department of Virology, Avcilar, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Eda
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Altan
authors.affiliation: Bagcilar Training and Research Hospital, Department of Plastic Reconstructive and Esthetic Surgery, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ozgur
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Pilanci
authors.affiliation: Istanbul University, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Department of Medical Microbiology, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Serhat
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sirekbasan
authors.affiliation: Bagcilar Training and Research Hospital, Department of Plastic Reconstructive and Esthetic Surgery, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Oguz
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Cortuk
authors.affiliation: Istanbul University, Veterinary Faculty, Department of Virology, Avcilar, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Utku
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Cizmecigil
authors.affiliation: Bagcilar Training and Research Hospital, Department of Plastic Reconstructive and Esthetic Surgery, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Idris
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ersin
authors.affiliation: Istanbul University, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Department of Plastic Reconstructive and Esthetic Surgery, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Huseyin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Elbey
authors.affiliation: Istanbul University, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Department of Medical Microbiology, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Harika Oyku
authors.initials: HO
authors.lastname: Dinc
authors.affiliation: Istanbul University, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Department of Medical Microbiology, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Zafer
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Habip
authors.affiliation: Istanbul University, Veterinary Faculty, Department of Virology, Avcilar, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Nuri
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Turan
authors.affiliation: Istanbul University, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Department of Plastic Reconstructive and Esthetic Surgery, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Atilla
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Arinci
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Medicine and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA.
authors.forename: Juergen A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Richt
authors.affiliation: Maastricht University, Medical Centre, Department of Medical Microbiology, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Valere J
authors.initials: VJ
authors.lastname: Goossens
authors.affiliation: Istanbul University, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Department of Medical Microbiology, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Asiye
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Karakullukcu
authors.affiliation: Erenkoy Mental Health and Neurology Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Banu Tufan
authors.initials: BT
authors.lastname: Kocak
authors.affiliation: Istanbul University, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Department of Medical Microbiology, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Suat
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Saribas
authors.affiliation: Istanbul University, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Public Health Department, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Selcuk
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Koksal
authors.affiliation: Istanbul University, Veterinary Faculty, Department of Virology, Avcilar, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Huseyin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yilmaz
authors.affiliation: Istanbul University, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Department of Medical Microbiology, Istanbul, Turkey. Electronic address: bzeybek@istanbul.edu.tr.
authors.forename: Bekir
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kocazeybek
mesh_terms: D000258:Adenovirus Infections, Human / Q000150:complications* / Q000821:virology*; D000260:Adenoviruses, Human / Q000276:immunology*; D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000821:virology; D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009500:Neutralization Tests; D009765:Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012307:Risk Factors; D016036:Seroepidemiologic Studies; D014421:Turkey
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D004279:DNA, Viral
keywords: Adenovirus-36; Adipose tissue; Obesity; PCR; Serum neutralization assay