title: The importance of cooperation: partnerless NFAT induces T cell exhaustion.
abstract: Downstream of costimulatory pathways, complexes of transcription factors NFAT and AP-1 promote effector T cell differentiation. In this issue of Immunity, Martinez et al. report that monomeric NFAT binding in the absence of a transcriptional partner induces a gene expression program involved in T cell exhaustion.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Immunology, Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
authors.forename: Bertram
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bengsch
authors.affiliation: Institute for Immunology, Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. Electronic address: wherry@mail.med.upenn.edu.
authors.forename: E John
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Wherry
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018414:CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D017635:Clonal Anergy / Q000235:genetics*; D050778:NFATC Transcription Factors / Q000502:physiology*; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018808:Transcription Factor AP-1 / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D050778:NFATC Transcription Factors; C494007:Nfatc2 protein, mouse; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D018808:Transcription Factor AP-1