title: Root Cause Analysis of Quality Defects Using HPLC-MS Fingerprint Knowledgebase for Batch-to-batch Quality Control of Herbal Drugs.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The batch-to-batch quality consistency of herbal drugs has always been an important issue.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To propose a methodology for batch-to-batch quality control based on HPLC-MS fingerprints and process knowledgebase.
  
  
  METHODS
  The extraction process of Compound E-jiao Oral Liquid was taken as a case study. After establishing the HPLC-MS fingerprint analysis method, the fingerprints of the extract solutions produced under normal and abnormal operation conditions were obtained. Multivariate statistical models were built for fault detection and a discriminant analysis model was built using the probabilistic discriminant partial-least-squares method for fault diagnosis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Based on multivariate statistical analysis, process knowledge was acquired and the cause-effect relationship between process deviations and quality defects was revealed. The quality defects were detected successfully by multivariate statistical control charts and the type of process deviations were diagnosed correctly by discriminant analysis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This work has demonstrated the benefits of combining HPLC-MS fingerprints, process knowledge and multivariate analysis for the quality control of herbal drugs.
authors.affiliation: Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
authors.forename: Binjun
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.affiliation: Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
authors.forename: Zhonghua
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.affiliation: Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
authors.forename: Lijuan
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.affiliation: Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
authors.forename: Haibin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Qu
mesh_terms: D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000032:analysis*; D051188:Knowledge Bases; D016018:Least-Squares Analysis; D013058:Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*; D015233:Models, Statistical; D011786:Quality Control; D060891:Root Cause Analysis / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal
keywords: Batch-to-batch quality consistency; Compound E-jiao Oral Liquid; HPLC-MS fingerprint; herbal drug; process knowledgebase