title: Establishment and development of the personalized criteria for microscopic review following multiple automated routine urinalysis systems.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study intends to develop the microscopic review criteria for automated urine chemistry analyzer and integrated urine chemistry and formed-element analyzer.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 1058 samples were analyzed using chemistry analyzer (Siemens Atlas) for proteins (PRO), blood (BLD) and WBC. Cast, RBC and WBC were analyzed using 4 different instruments, IRIS IQ200, AVE-766, US 2026, and Sysmex UF-1000i. A phase-contrast microscopy was used as reference to evaluate false-negative rate (FNR) and review rate (RR).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The optimized review criteria for Atlas were either PRO 2+, or BLD 2+, or WBC 2+, or specimen from nephrology department. FNR was 4.65% and RR was 40.41%. The optimized criteria for integrated Atlas and IQ200, or AVE-766 or US 2026 or UF-1000i were either BLD≥2+ (>2+ for females), or RBC count ≥ 2 times reference range, or different WBC results between chemistry and formed-element analysis, or PRO ≥ 2+ or CAST>the reference range. One additional rule for integrated Atlas and UF-1000i was different results between BLD and RBC counts. FNR was 1.94%, 2.03%, 1.74%, 1.65%, and RR was 41.09%, 40.12%, 44.86%, 50.39%, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These specific review criteria ensured a low missed-diagnosis rate and a reasonable workload in practice.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Du
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Jia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Fei
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Ye
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Yujuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Qian
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Yue
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China. Electronic address: cuiw@pumch.cn.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Cui
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001322:Autoanalysis; D004906:Erythrocyte Count; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008853:Microscopy; D016482:Urinalysis
keywords: Automated analysis; Microscopy; Review criteria; Routine urinalysis