title: A Randomized Controlled Trial of a CPR and Intubation Video Decision Support Tool for Hospitalized Patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Decisions about cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and intubation are a core part of advance care planning, particularly for seriously ill hospitalized patients. However, these discussions are often avoided.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We aimed to examine the impact of a video decision tool for CPR and intubation on patients' choices, knowledge, medical orders, and discussions with providers.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a prospective randomized trial conducted between 9 March 2011 and 1 June 2013 on the internal medicine services at two hospitals in Boston.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and fifty seriously ill hospitalized patients over the age of 60 with an advanced illness and a prognosis of 1 year or less were included. Mean age was 76 and 51% were women.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three-minute video describing CPR and intubation plus verbal communication of participants' preferences to their physicians (intervention) (N = 75) or control arm (usual care) (N = 75).
  
  
  METHODS
  The primary outcome was participants' preferences for CPR and intubation (immediately after viewing the video in the intervention arm). Secondary outcomes included: orders to withhold CPR/intubation, documented discussions with providers during hospitalization, and participants' knowledge of CPR/ intubation (five-item test, range 0-5, higher scores indicate greater knowledge).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Intervention participants (vs. controls) were more likely not to want CPR (64% vs. 32%, p <0.0001) and intubation (72% vs. 43%, p < 0.0001). Intervention participants (vs. controls) were also more likely to have orders to withhold CPR (57% vs. 19%, p < 0.0001) and intubation (64% vs.19%, p < 0.0001) by hospital discharge, documented discussions about their preferences (81% vs. 43%, p < 0.0001), and higher mean knowledge scores (4.11 vs. 2.45; p < 0.0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Seriously ill patients who viewed a video about CPR and intubation were more likely not to want these treatments, be better informed about their options, have orders to forgo CPR/ intubation, and discuss preferences with providers.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Clinicaltrials.gov NCT01325519 Registry Name: A prospective randomized trial using video images in advance care planning in seriously ill hospitalized patients.
authors.affiliation: Hematology-Oncology Department, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Cox 120, Boston, MA, 02114, USA, ael-jawahri@partners.org.
authors.forename: Areej
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: El-Jawahri
authors.forename: Susan L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Mitchell
authors.forename: Michael K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Paasche-Orlow
authors.forename: Jennifer S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Temel
authors.forename: Vicki A
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: Jackson
authors.forename: Renee R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Rutledge
authors.forename: Mihir
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Parikh
authors.forename: Aretha D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.forename: Muriel R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Gillick
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Barry
authors.forename: Lenny
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lopez
authors.forename: Elizabeth S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Walker-Corkery
authors.forename: Yuchiao
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Kathleen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Finn
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Coley
authors.forename: Angelo E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Volandes
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016887:Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation; D016638:Critical Illness; D003657:Decision Making; D020000:Decision Support Systems, Clinical; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007297:Inpatients / Q000193:education*; D007442:Intubation, Intratracheal; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D057240:Patient Preference / Q000523:psychology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016414:Resuscitation Orders; D014743:Videotape Recording