title: Is there an association between traumatic dental injury and social capital, binge drinking and socioeconomic indicators among schoolchildren?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Traumatic dental injury is defined as trauma caused by forces on a tooth with variable extent and severity. The aim of the present study was to investigate the prevalence of traumatic dental injury and its association with overjet, lip protection, sex, socioeconomic status, social capital and binge drinking among 12-year-old students.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional study was conducted with a sample of 633 12-year-old students. Data were collected through a clinical exam and self-administered questionnaires. Socioeconomic status was determined based on mother's schooling and household income. The Social Capital Questionnaire for Adolescent Students and Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT-C) were used to measure social capital and binge drinking, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of traumatic dental injury was 29.9% (176/588). Traumatic dental injury was more prevalent among male adolescents (p = 0.010), those with overjet greater than 5 mm (p < 0.001) and those with inadequate lip protection (p < 0.001). In the multiple logistic regression analysis, overjet [OR = 3.80 (95% CI: 2.235-6.466), p < 0.0001], inadequate lip protection [OR = 5.585 (95% CI: 3.654-8.535), p < 0.0001] and binge drinking [OR = 1.93 (95% CI: 1.21-3.06), p = 0.005] remained significantly associated with traumatic dental injury.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present findings suggest that a high level of total social capital and trust are not associated with TDI in adolescents, unlike binge drinking. The effects of social and behavioral factors on TDI are not well elucidated. Therefore, further research involving other populations and a longitudinal design is recommended.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys, 39100-000, Diamantina, Brazil.
authors.forename: Haroldo Neves
authors.initials: HN
authors.lastname: de Paiva
authors.affiliation: Department of Child and Adolescent Health, Federal University of Minas Gerais, 30130-100, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
authors.forename: Paula Cristina Pelli
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Paiva
authors.affiliation: Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys, 39100-000, Diamantina, Brazil.
authors.forename: Carlos José
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: de Paula Silva
authors.affiliation: Department of Child and Adolescent Health, Federal University of Minas Gerais, 30130-100, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
authors.forename: Joel Alves
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Lamounier
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Oral Health, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
authors.forename: Efigênia
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ferreira E Ferreira
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Oral Health, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
authors.forename: Raquel Conceição
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Ferreira
authors.affiliation: Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard School of Public Health and Medical School, 617495.1000, Harvard, Boston, MA, United States of America.
authors.forename: Ichiro
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kawachi
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
authors.forename: Patrícia Maria
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Zarzar
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D063425:Binge Drinking / Q000453:epidemiology*; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D057887:Overbite / Q000453:epidemiology*; D066270:Social Capital; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013334:Students / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D018677:Tooth Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology*