title: Outcomes following intra-amniotic instillation with indigo carmine to diagnose prelabor rupture of membranes in singleton pregnancies: a single center experience.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate clinical outcomes of women with singleton pregnancies that underwent intra-amniotic dye instillation (amniodye test) following equivocal diagnosis of prelabor rupture of membranes (PROM).
  
  
  METHODS
  Records of 34 pregnant women who underwent amniodye test for equivocal PROM were reviewed. Comparisons of characteristics, amniotic fluid (AF) cultures, AF interleukin (IL)-6 concentrations, and placenta pathology results between women who tested positive and those who tested negative were performed. A sub-analysis of women who were amniodye test-negative was also performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  (1) Commonest indication for amniodye test was a typical history of PROM with positive conventional tests and persistently normal AF volume, (2) amniodye test-positive women had a shorter procedure-to-delivery interval (p = 0.008), and a greater proportion of histologic acute chorioamnionitis (p = 0.04) and funisitis (p = 0.01) than amniodye-negative women, and (3) in addition to similarities to women with amniodye-positive test, amniodye test-negative women who delivered <34 weeks, had a greater proportion of women with risk for preterm birth (p = 0.04), than their counterparts who delivered between 34 0/7 and 36 6/7 weeks.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Equivocal diagnosis of PPROM should warrant an amniodye test to avoid iatrogenic intervention in women with intact amniotic membranes. AF analysis should be performed in amniodye test-negative women.
authors.affiliation: a Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine , Hutzel Women's Hospital, Detroit Medical Center, Wayne State University , Detroit , MI , USA .
authors.forename: Henry
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Adekola
authors.affiliation: b Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Hutzel Women's Hospital, Detroit Medical Center, Wayne State University , Detroit , MI , USA , and.
authors.forename: Navleen
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Gill
authors.affiliation: b Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Hutzel Women's Hospital, Detroit Medical Center, Wayne State University , Detroit , MI , USA , and.
authors.forename: Sharif
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sakr
authors.affiliation: b Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Hutzel Women's Hospital, Detroit Medical Center, Wayne State University , Detroit , MI , USA , and.
authors.forename: Deslyn
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hobson
authors.affiliation: a Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine , Hutzel Women's Hospital, Detroit Medical Center, Wayne State University , Detroit , MI , USA .
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bryant
authors.affiliation: a Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine , Hutzel Women's Hospital, Detroit Medical Center, Wayne State University , Detroit , MI , USA .
authors.forename: Jacques S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Abramowicz
authors.affiliation: c Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston , Houston , TX , USA.
authors.forename: Eleazar
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Soto
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000650:Amnion; D000653:Amniotic Fluid / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology; D002821:Chorioamnionitis; D004396:Coloring Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D005322:Premature Rupture of Fetal Membranes / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D007203:Indigo Carmine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D007267:Injections; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D047928:Premature Birth; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016869:Ureaplasma Infections / Q000175:diagnosis; D016990:Ureaplasma urealyticum / Q000302:isolation & purification; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D004396:Coloring Agents; D015850:Interleukin-6; D007203:Indigo Carmine
keywords: Amniodye test; amniotic fluid culture; amniotic fluid interleukin-6 concentration; conventional tests; placental pathology