title: Aluminium hydroxide potentiates a protective Th1 biased immune response against polio virus that allows for dose sparing in mice and rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The development of new low cost inactivated polio virus based vaccines (IPV) is a high priority and will be essential for the complete eradication of polio. Since the aluminium hydroxide adjuvant is widely used in humans we tested this adjuvant with IPV in two models. Our objective was twofold; to examine the IPV dose sparing effect of aluminium hydroxide and how the adjuvant effect of aluminium hydroxide affected the immunity induced by IPV.
  
  
  METHODS
  Mice and rats were immunized with IPV formulated with Aluminium hydroxide and subjected to immunological analyses and serum polio virus neutralization titer determination.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Addition of aluminium hydroxide to IPV led to a ten times dose sparing effect compared to IPV alone, measured by virus neutralization titers in serum. Aluminium hydroxide changed the kinetics of the response against IPV leading to a faster and stronger response, which due to IPV induced immune dominance was characterized as a strong Th1-biased cellular/humoral immune response.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The IPV-aluminium hydroxide formulation constitutes a promising vaccine capable of generating strong Th1 immunity against infection with all three serotypes. A phase I/II clinical study was recently initiated.
authors.affiliation: Department of Vaccine Development, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Lars Vibe
authors.initials: LV
authors.lastname: Andreasen
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Disease Immunology, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Lasse Bøllehuus
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Hansen
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Disease Immunology, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Andersen
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Disease Immunology, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Else Marie
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Agger
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Disease Immunology, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark. Electronic address: jdi@ssi.dk.
authors.forename: Jes
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dietrich
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000536:Aluminum Hydroxide / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology*; D000818:Animals; D057134:Antibodies, Neutralizing / Q000097:blood; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004306:Dose-Response Relationship, Immunologic; D056724:Immunity, Humoral; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular; D051379:Mice; D017955:Poliovirus / Q000276:immunology*; D011054:Poliovirus Vaccine, Inactivated / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000191:economics / Q000276:immunology*; D051381:Rats; D065288:Serogroup; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000276:immunology*; D058408:Th1-Th2 Balance; D014611:Vaccination
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D057134:Antibodies, Neutralizing; D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D011054:Poliovirus Vaccine, Inactivated; D000536:Aluminum Hydroxide
keywords: Adjuvant; Dose sparing; Polio; Th1/Th2 cells; Vaccination; Viral infection