title: Relationship between serum cytokine and growth factor concentrations and coronary artery disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We have assessed the association between serum concentrations of 12 cytokines/growth factors and angiographically-defined coronary artery disease, comparing the concentrations in four groups (one control group and three case groups).
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied a total of 426 subjects including; 98 control subjects and 3 case groups. The patient groups consisted of: coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) candidates (n=48) and patients undergoing coronary angiography, with, or without obstructive coronary artery disease. Twelve cytokines (IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TNF-α, MCP-1, IFN-γ, EGF, and VEGF) were measured using a sandwich chemi-luminescence assays, on the Evidence Investigator® system.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The four groups were well matched for demographic and clinical characteristics, except waist circumference, fasting blood glucose (FBG), total and LDL cholesterol and diastolic blood pressure that were significantly higher in case groups compared to the control group (P<0.05 for all). There were significant differences between control group and the other three groups regarding the measured cytokines, such as IL-1α, IL-8, MCP-1, and VEGF (P<0.01). Furthermore, IL-4, IL-6 and EGF were also significantly different between the control, obstructive coronary disease and CABG candidate groups (P<0.01). Analysis of the ROC curve showed 92.1% sensitivity, 99.2% specificity and 100% positive predictive value (PPV) for VEGF in its ability to distinguish the CABG group at the cut-off point of 37.18 pg/ml.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this study suggest that cytokines such as IL-1α, IL-4, IL-8, IL-10 and VEGF may play major roles in pathogenesis of CAD.
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran.
authors.forename: Seyed Reza
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Mirhafez
authors.affiliation: Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: Ahmadreza
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zarifian
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: Mahmoud
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ebrahimi
authors.affiliation: Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: Ramin Fakhre Ale
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Ali
authors.affiliation: Department of Modern Sciences and Technologies, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: Amir
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Avan
authors.affiliation: Health Sciences Research Center, Department of Health and Management, School of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tajfard
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohsen
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mohebati
authors.affiliation: Pharmaceutical Recearch Center, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Medical Informatics, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: Saeid
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Eslami
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: Amir Ali
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Rahsepar
authors.affiliation: Department of Modern Sciences and Technologies, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: Hamid Reza
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Rahimi
authors.affiliation: Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran.
authors.forename: Hassan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mehrad-Majd
authors.affiliation: Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Division of Medical Education, Falmer, Brighton, Sussex BN1 9PH, UK.
authors.forename: Gordon A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Ferns
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Biochemistry of Nutrition Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. Electronic address: ghayourm@mums.ac.ir.
authors.forename: Majid
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ghayour-Mobarhan
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000792:Angiography; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins
keywords: Coronary artery diseases; Cytokines; Growth factors; Inflammation