title: Ochratoxin A in stored U.S. barley and wheat.
abstract: Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a mycotoxin of significant health concern that is present in a variety of cereal grains and other foods around the world. Although OTA contamination can occur prior to harvest, it is largely considered a storage issue that can be controlled through the implementation of proper storage practices. Barley, durum, and hard red spring wheat samples that had been stored for various lengths of time were collected (n = 262) over a period of 2 years by multiple commercial grain companies located in the northwestern and northern Great Plains regions of the United States. Samples were analyzed for OTA concentration using high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. OTA was detected in 12.2% of the samples, and of those samples, 81.3% had been stored for ≥6 months. One sample of barley and four samples of wheat exceeded 5 ng/g of OTA.
authors.affiliation: Great Plains Institute of Food Safety, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58108, USA.
authors.forename: Julie A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Kuruc
authors.affiliation: Great Plains Institute of Food Safety, Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58108, USA.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Schwarz
authors.affiliation: Great Plains Institute of Food Safety, Department of Veterinary and Microbiological Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58108, USA. Charlene.Hall@ndsu.edu.
authors.forename: Charlene
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wolf-Hall
mesh_terms: D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis; D005516:Food Microbiology; D061353:Food Storage; D001467:Hordeum / Q000382:microbiology*; D009793:Ochratoxins / Q000032:analysis*; D014908:Triticum / Q000382:microbiology*; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D009793:Ochratoxins; C025589:ochratoxin A