title: In vivo biocompatibility assessment of poly (ether imide) electrospun scaffolds.
abstract: Poly(ether imide) (PEI), which can be chemically functionalized with biologically active ligands, has emerged as a potential biomaterial for medical implants. Electrospun PEI scaffolds have shown advantageous properties, such as enhanced endothelial cell adherence, proliferation and low platelet adhesion in in vitro experiments. In this study, the in vivo behaviour of electrospun PEI scaffolds and PEI films was examined in a murine subcutaneous implantation model. Electrospun PEI scaffolds and films were surgically implanted subcutaneously in the dorsae of mice. The surrounding subcutaneous tissue response was examined via histopathological examination at 7 and 28 days after implantation. No serious adverse events were observed for both types of PEI implants. The presence of macrophages or foreign body giant cells in the vicinity of the implants and the formation of a fibrous capsule indicated a normal foreign body reaction towards PEI films and scaffolds. Capsule thickness and inflammatory infiltration cells significantly decreased for PEI scaffolds during days 7-28 while remaining unchanged for PEI films. The infiltration of cells into the implant was observed for PEI scaffolds 7 days after implantation and remained stable until 28 days of implantation. Additionally some, but not all, PEI scaffold implants induced the formation of functional blood vessels in the vicinity of the implants. Conclusively, this study demonstrates the in vivo biocompatibility of PEI implants, with favourable properties of electrospun PEI scaffolds regarding tissue integration and wound healing. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
authors.affiliation: Berlin-Brandenburg Centre for Regenerative Therapies, Berlin, Germany.|Department of Cardiology, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Charité, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Tobias
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Haase
authors.affiliation: Berlin-Brandenburg Centre for Regenerative Therapies, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Annalena
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Krost
authors.affiliation: Berlin-Brandenburg Centre for Regenerative Therapies, Berlin, Germany.|Institute of Biomaterial Science, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Teltow, Germany.|Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Germany.
authors.forename: Tilman
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sauter
authors.affiliation: Berlin-Brandenburg Centre for Regenerative Therapies, Berlin, Germany.|Institute of Biomaterial Science, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Teltow, Germany.
authors.forename: Karl
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kratz
authors.affiliation: Berlin-Brandenburg Centre for Regenerative Therapies, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Peter
authors.affiliation: Berlin-Brandenburg Centre for Regenerative Therapies, Berlin, Germany.|Department of Cardiology, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Charité, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Stefanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kamann
authors.affiliation: Berlin-Brandenburg Centre for Regenerative Therapies, Berlin, Germany.|Institute of Biomaterial Science, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Teltow, Germany.
authors.forename: Friedrich
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.affiliation: Berlin-Brandenburg Centre for Regenerative Therapies, Berlin, Germany.|Institute of Biomaterial Science, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Teltow, Germany.|Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Germany.
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lendlein
authors.affiliation: Berlin-Brandenburg Centre for Regenerative Therapies, Berlin, Germany.|Department of Cardiology, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Charité, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Dietlind
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zohlnhöfer
authors.affiliation: Berlin-Brandenburg Centre for Regenerative Therapies, Berlin, Germany.|Department of Cardiology, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Charité, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Constantin
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rüder
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005549:Foreign-Body Reaction / Q000473:pathology; D007249:Inflammation / Q000473:pathology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D008422:Materials Testing; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018919:Neovascularization, Physiologic / Q000187:drug effects; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013696:Temperature; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods*; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D011108:Polymers; C433673:polyetherimide
keywords: capsule formation; electrospun scaffold; foreign body giant cells; in vivo study; poly(ether imide); vascularization