title: Impact of an experimental PRRSV and Streptococcus suis coinfection on the pharmacokinetics of ceftiofur hydrochloride after intramuscular injection in pigs.
abstract: This study determined the impact of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) and Streptococcus suis coinfection on the pharmacokinetic (PK) profile of ceftiofur hydrochloride in pigs after intramuscular (i.m.) injection. Eighteen clinically normal crossbred gilts were assigned by weight into a challenge group (10 pigs) and control group (eight pigs). Pigs in both groups received a single i.m. injection of ceftiofur hydrochloride (Excenel RTU Sterile Suspension; Zoetis) at a 5 mg/kg BW dose. Serial blood samples were collected to characterize the plasma concentration curve. After a 10 days drug washout period, the challenge group was inoculated with 2 mL of PRRSV isolate VR-2385 (10(5.75) 50% tissue culture infective doses per mL) intranasally and 8 days later inoculated S. suis. When clinical disease was evident, the second PK assessment began in both challenge and control groups. Coinfected pigs demonstrated lower values of AUC and CMAX , but higher values of Cl/F and Vz/F indicating drug kinetics were altered by infection. The data from this study have implications on ceftiofur treatment regimens in diseased pigs.
authors.affiliation: Swine Medicine Education Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA.
authors.forename: D N
authors.initials: DN
authors.lastname: Day
authors.affiliation: Swine Medicine Education Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA.
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Sparks
authors.affiliation: Swine Medicine Education Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA.
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Karriker
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA.
authors.forename: K J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Stalder
authors.affiliation: Pharmacology Analytical Support Team (PhAST), College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA.
authors.forename: L W
authors.initials: LW
authors.lastname: Wulf
authors.affiliation: Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA.
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Kinyon
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA.
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Stock
authors.affiliation: Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gehring
authors.affiliation: Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Swine Medicine Education Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ellingson
authors.affiliation: Pharmacology Analytical Support Team (PhAST), College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA.
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Coetzee
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002511:Cephalosporins / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D060085:Coinfection / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology / Q000662:veterinary* / Q000821:virology; D005260:Female; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular / Q000662:veterinary; D019318:Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology; D019316:Porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus; D013290:Streptococcal Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology / Q000662:veterinary* / Q000821:virology; D017011:Streptococcus suis; D013552:Swine / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology / Q000821:virology; D013553:Swine Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000821:virology
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D002511:Cephalosporins; C053503:ceftiofur