title: Pedestrian injuries and the relevant burden in shanghai, china: implications for control.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the associations of pedestrian injuries with age, income and educational level in Shanghai and to analyze the relative disease burden.
  
  
  METHODS
  Information on pedestrian-related cases and deaths were collected from 494 hospitals and mortality registry systems from 1992 to 2010, and a multistage cluster sampling survey conducted in 2006. Logistic regression model was used in the analyses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The age group of 5-9 had the highest mortality and morbidity among children. Mortality increased obviously among those aged 60 or above. Individuals with an educational level under the primary school and with the lower family average income were more likely to suffer pedestrian-related injuries. Multivariate Logistic analysis demonstrated that lower income and lower educational level increased the risk of pedestrian injuries with the odds ratio of 1.40 (95% CI: 1.15-1.71) and 1.70 (95% CI: 1.20-2-40), respectively. About 13.54% of the share of GDP for the healthcare, social security and welfare industries in Shanghai was occupied by the burden of pedestrian-related injuries in 2006.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pedestrian-related injury has inverse association with victims' income and educational level. Children of 5-9 years old and adults over 60 with lower educational level and lower monthly income are the target persons to be intervened.
authors.affiliation: Department of Injury Prevention and Control, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control & Prevention, Shanghai 200336, China.
authors.forename: Yan Hong
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Vital Statistics, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control & Prevention, Shanghai 200336, China.
authors.forename: Chun Fang
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Vital Statistics, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control & Prevention, Shanghai 200336, China.
authors.forename: Gui Xiang
authors.initials: GX
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Department of Injury Prevention and Control, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control & Prevention, Shanghai 200336, China.
authors.forename: Juan Juan
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.affiliation: Department of Injury Prevention and Control, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control & Prevention, Shanghai 200336, China.
authors.forename: De Ding
authors.initials: de D
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Department of Injury Prevention and Control, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control & Prevention, Shanghai 200336, China.
authors.forename: Hui Jia
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Su
authors.affiliation: Department of Injury Prevention and Control, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control & Prevention, Shanghai 200336, China.
authors.forename: Ning
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: Department of Injury Prevention and Control, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control & Prevention, Shanghai 200336, China.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Department of Injury Prevention and Control, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control & Prevention, Shanghai 200336, China.
authors.forename: Wei Jian
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Zhong
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
authors.forename: Hong Wei
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000063:Accidents, Traffic / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000375:Aging; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D016138:Walking / Q000293:injuries*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Costs; Education; Injury; Mortality; Pedestrian