title: Modification of fatty acid profile of cow milk by calcium salts of fatty acids and its use in ice cream.
abstract: This study was conducted to determine the effect of calcium salts of fatty acids (CSFA) on fatty acid profile of milk of "Sahiwal" cows and suitability of milk with modified fatty acids in the formulation of ice cream. Fatty acid profile of cow milk was modified by feeding CSFA to eighteen randomly stratified "Sahiwal" cows of first and early lactation divided into three groups. CSFA were offered at two different levels i.e. T1 (150 g per cow per day) T2 (300 g per cow per day) both treatments were compared with a control (T0) without any addition of calcium salts of fatty acids. Iso caloric and iso nitrogenous feeds were given to both experimental groups and control. Concentrations of short chain fatty acids in T0, T1 and T2 were 9.85 ± 0.48a, 8.8 ± 0.24b and 7.1 ± 0.37c %, respectively and the concentrations of C18:1 and C18:2 increased (P < 0.05) from 27.6 ± 1.32b % to 31.7 ± 1.68a % and 2.15 ± 0.09b % to 2.79 ± 0.05a %, respectively, at T2 level. Incorporation of milk fat of T1 and T2 (modified fatty acids profile) in ice cream did not have any adverse effect on pH, acidity and compositional attributes of ice cream. Viscosity of T1 was 67.94 ± 3.77a as compared to (T0) control 68.75 ± 2.46a (CP). Firmness of experimental samples and control were almost similar (P > 0.05) overall acceptability score of T2 was 7.1 ± 0.28b out of 9 (total score) which was more than 78 ± 2.92 %. It was concluded that CSFA may be successfully incorporated up to T2 level (300 g per cow per day) into the feed of "Sahiwal" cows to produce milk with higher content of unsaturated fatty acids and it may be used in the formulation of ice cream with acceptable sensory characteristics and increased health benefits.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dairy Technology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Sheikh Abdul Qadir Jilani Road Lower Mall, Lahore, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Muhammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nadeem
authors.affiliation: Department of Dairy Technology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Sheikh Abdul Qadir Jilani Road Lower Mall, Lahore, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Muhammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Abdullah
authors.affiliation: Department of Dairy Technology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Sheikh Abdul Qadir Jilani Road Lower Mall, Lahore, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Imtiaz
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Hussain
authors.affiliation: Department of Dairy Technology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Sheikh Abdul Qadir Jilani Road Lower Mall, Lahore, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Saima
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Inayat
keywords: Calcium salts of fatty acids; Fatty acids; Ice cream; Melting time