title: In vitro interactions of blood, platelet, and fibroblast with biodegradable magnesium-zinc-strontium alloys.
abstract: Magnesium (Mg) alloy is an attractive class of metallic biomaterial for cardiovascular applications due to its biodegradability and mechanical properties. In this study, we investigated the degradation in blood, thrombogenicity, and cytocompatibility of Magnesium-Zinc-Strontium (Mg-Zn-Sr) alloys, specifically four Mg-4 wt % Zn-xSr (x = 0.15, 0.5, 1, and 1.5 wt %) alloys, together with pure Mg control and relevant reference materials for cardiovascular applications. Human whole blood and platelet rich plasma (PRP) were used as the incubation media to investigate the degradation behavior of the Mg-Zn-Sr alloys. The results showed that the PRP had a greater pH increase and greater concentration of Mg(2+) ions when compared with whole blood after 2 h of incubation with the same respective Mg alloys, suggesting that the Mg alloys degraded faster in PRP than in whole blood. The Mg alloy with 4 wt % Zn and 0.15 wt % Sr (named as ZSr41A) was identified as the most promising alloy for cardiovascular stent applications, because it showed slower degradation and less thrombogenicity, as indicated by the lower concentrations of Mg(2+) ions released and less deposition of platelets. Additionally, ZSr41 alloys were cytocompatible with fibroblasts in direct exposure culture in which the cells adhered and proliferated around the samples, with no statistical difference in cell adhesion density compared with the blank reference. Future studies on the ZSr41 alloys are necessary to investigate their direct interactions with other important cells in cardiovascular system, such as vascular endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioengineering, University of California at Riverside, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, California, 92521.
authors.forename: T Y
authors.initials: TY
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioengineering, University of California at Riverside, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, California, 92521.|Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California at Riverside, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, California, 92521.
authors.forename: A F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Cipriano
authors.affiliation: School of Materials and Metallurgy, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110004, China.
authors.forename: Ren-Guo
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Guan
authors.affiliation: School of Materials and Metallurgy, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110004, China.
authors.forename: Zhan-Yong
authors.initials: ZY
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioengineering, University of California at Riverside, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, California, 92521.|Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California at Riverside, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, California, 92521.
authors.forename: Huinan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D020341:Absorbable Implants; D000328:Adult; D000497:Alloys / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology; D001769:Blood / Q000187:drug effects; D001792:Blood Platelets / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008274:Magnesium / Q000737:chemistry; D008422:Materials Testing; D051379:Mice; D010973:Platelet Adhesiveness / Q000187:drug effects; D053657:Platelet-Rich Plasma / Q000187:drug effects; D013324:Strontium / Q000737:chemistry; D013499:Surface Properties; D015032:Zinc / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000497:Alloys; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; C573914:Mg-Zn-Sr alloy; D008274:Magnesium; D015032:Zinc; D013324:Strontium
keywords: biodegradable Mg-Zn-Sr alloys; blood; cardiovascular applications; fibroblast; in vitro culture; magnesium-zinc-strontium alloys; platelet