title: Metabolic and phylogenetic analyses based on nitrogen in a new poly-γ-glutamic acid-producing strain of Bacillus subtilis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Nitrogen metabolism was investigated during poly-γ-glutamic acid (γ-PGA) synthesis and phylogenetic analyses was used to explore glutamate dependency in Bacillus subtilis HSF1410.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Bacillus subtilis HSF1410 was cultured with (15)NH4+ in the medium, and the γ-PGA synthesized was then analyzed using (15)N-NMR. The γ-PGA framework was partially labeled with (15)N, indicating that γ-PGA was synthesized from inorganic nitrogen and carbohydrate. Assay of glutamate synthetase and glutamine synthetase activities also revealed that ammonium can be used to synthesize γ-PGA in HSF1410. Phylogenetic trees based on γ-PGA synthesis genes (pgsBCA) and 16S rRNA showed that HSF1410 falls within a cluster of glutamate-dependent strains, versus glutamate-independent strains, which is confirmed by HSF1410 being unable to produce γ-PGA without glutamate in its medium
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  we classify B. subtilis HSF1410 as a glutamate-dependent strain that can use exogenous inorganic nitrogen sources to synthesize γ-PGA.
authors.affiliation: College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, 199 South Chang'an Road, Xi'an, 710062, People's Republic of China, 840379817@qq.com.
authors.forename: Yuanyuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.forename: Baiqi
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Yonghong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Meng
authors.forename: Lina
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.forename: Chen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D064751:Ammonium Compounds / Q000378:metabolism; D001412:Bacillus subtilis / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D053898:Biosynthetic Pathways / Q000235:genetics; D050260:Carbohydrate Metabolism; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D003470:Culture Media / Q000737:chemistry; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D005970:Glutamate Synthase / Q000032:analysis; D005974:Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase / Q000032:analysis; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000378:metabolism*; D010802:Phylogeny; D011099:Polyglutamic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000378:metabolism; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA
chemical_list: D064751:Ammonium Compounds; D003470:Culture Media; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; C511775:poly(gamma-glutamic acid); D011099:Polyglutamic Acid; D005970:Glutamate Synthase; D005974:Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase; D009584:Nitrogen