title: Finite element analysis of the transfer of sound in the myringosclerotic ear.
abstract: This work presents a biomechanical study of myringosclerosis (MS), an abnormal condition of the ear that produces calcification of the lamina propria of the eardrum. The study researched the transfer of sound to the stapes depending on the localization, dimension and calcification degree of the MS plaques. Results were obtained using a validated finite element model of the ear. The mechanical properties of the lamina propria were modified, in order to model MS plaques, using the rule of mixtures for particle composites considering that the plaques are made of hydroxyapatite particles in a matrix of connective tissue. Results show that the localization and dimension of the plaques are a factor of higher importance than calcification for loss of hearing through MS. The mobility of the stapes decreased with the presence of larger plaques and also when the tympanic annulus and the area of the handle of the malleus were involved.
authors.affiliation: a Mechanical Engineering Department , 'Politehnica' University of Timisoara , 1. Mihai Viteazul Bd, Timisoara , Romania.
authors.forename: Karla
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Berdich
authors.affiliation: b IDMEC, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr Roberto Frias , Porto , 4200-465 , Portugal.|c Clínica ORL - Dr. Eurico Almeida , Porto , Portugal.|d WIDEX, Lda , Porto , Portugal.
authors.forename: Fernanda
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gentil
authors.affiliation: e IDMEC - Pólo FEUP, R. Dr Roberto Frias , Porto , 4200 , Portugal.
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Parente
authors.affiliation: e IDMEC - Pólo FEUP, R. Dr Roberto Frias , Porto , 4200 , Portugal.
authors.forename: Carolina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Garbe
authors.affiliation: f University of Porto, IDMEC , Porto , Portugal.
authors.forename: Carla
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.affiliation: g Hospital CUF , Lisboa , Portugal.|h Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa , Lisboa , Portugal.
authors.forename: João
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Paço
authors.affiliation: i Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto , Porto , Portugal.
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Natal Jorge
authors.affiliation: j Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto , Porto , Portugal.
authors.forename: Pedro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Martins
authors.affiliation: a Mechanical Engineering Department , 'Politehnica' University of Timisoara , 1. Mihai Viteazul Bd, Timisoara , Romania.
authors.forename: Nicolae
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Faur
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D004432:Ear, Middle / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D020342:Finite Element Analysis; D006309:Hearing; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008954:Models, Biological; D063371:Myringosclerosis / Q000175:diagnosis; D013016:Sound; D013199:Stapes / Q000502:physiology; D014432:Tympanic Membrane / Q000502:physiology*
keywords: finite element analysis; human middle ear; myringosclerosis; tympanic membrane