title: Identification of polyphenolic compounds in the flesh of Argan (Morocco) fruits.
abstract: High performance liquid chromatography coupled with negative electrospray ionization (HPLC-ESI) along with fragmentation patterns generated by nano-electrospray ionization (nano-ESI-MS-MS) and NMR techniques were utilized for the identification of phenolic compounds in Argan fruits. A total of 15.4 g/kg was determined represented by catechins (39%), flavonoids (28%), procyanidins (26%), free phenolic acids (6%) and phenolic acid glycosides (1%). Twenty-one phenolic compounds were identified for the first time in Argan fruits namely III. epicatechin-(4β→8)-catechin dimer (procyanidin B1), IV. p-coumaric acid glycoside, VI. epicatechin-(4β→8)-epicatechin dimer (procyanidin B2), VIII. caffeic acid glycoside, XIX. epicatechin-(4β→8)-epicatechin-(4β→8)-epicatechin trimer (procyanidin C1), X. p-hydroxybenzaldehyde XI. ferulic acid glycoside, XII. vanillic acid, XIII. sinapic acid glycoside, XVI. p-coumaric acid, XVII. ferulic acid, XVIII. sinapic acid, XIX. rutin pentoside, XX. quercetin glycopentoside, XXI. 4,4'-dihydroxy-3,3'-imino-di-benzoic acid, XXV. quercetin-3-O-rhamnogalactoside, XXVII. quercetin glycohydroxybenzoate, XXVIII. quercetin glycocaffeate, XXIX. quercetin glycosinapate, XXX. quercetin glycoferulate and XXXI. quercetin glycocoumarate.
authors.affiliation: Division of Preventive Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases, Im Neuenheimer Feld 460, Heidelberg, Germany; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 581, Heidelberg, Germany; Natural Substances Biochemistry Laboratory, LBSN, FSTE, BP 509, Boutalamine, Errachidia, Morocco.
authors.forename: Farid
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Khallouki
authors.affiliation: Division of Preventive Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases, Im Neuenheimer Feld 460, Heidelberg, Germany; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 581, Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Roswitha
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Haubner
authors.affiliation: Division of Preventive Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases, Im Neuenheimer Feld 460, Heidelberg, Germany; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 581, Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Irvila
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ricarte
authors.affiliation: Core Facility, Molecular Structure Analysis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Gerhard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Erben
authors.affiliation: Core Facility, Molecular Structure Analysis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Karel
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Klika
authors.affiliation: Division of Preventive Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases, Im Neuenheimer Feld 460, Heidelberg, Germany; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 581, Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Cornelia M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Ulrich
authors.affiliation: Division of Preventive Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases, Im Neuenheimer Feld 460, Heidelberg, Germany; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 581, Heidelberg, Germany. Electronic address: r.owen@dkfz-heidelberg.de.
authors.forename: Robert W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Owen
mesh_terms: D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry; D009018:Morocco; D059808:Polyphenols / Q000032:analysis*; D029632:Sapotaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization / Q000379:methods; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D059808:Polyphenols
keywords: Column chromatography; ESI-MS–MS; HPLC–ESI-MS; NMR; Polyphenols