title: Toxicity of amorphigenin from the seeds of Amorpha fruticosa against the larvae of Culex pipiens pallens (Diptera: Culicidae).
abstract: The larvicidal activity of the crude petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, acetone, chloroform and ethanol extracts of Amorpha fruticosa seeds was individually assayed for toxicity against the early fourth-instar larva of the mosquito, Culex pipiens pallens after 24 h exposure. Of the tested extracts, the ethanol one exhibited the highest larvicidal activity (LC50 = 22.69 mg/L). Amorphigenin (8'-hydroxyrotenone), a rotenoid compound which exhibits a strong larvicidal activity with LC50 and LC90 values of 4.29 and 11.27 mg/L, respectively, was isolated from the ethanol extract by column chromatograpy. Its structure was elucidated by 1H-NMR, UV and IR spectral data. Furthermore, investigation of amorphigenin's effects on mitochondrial complex I activity and protein synthesis in C. pipiens pallens larvae reveals that amorphigenin decreases mitochondrial complex I activities to 65.73% at 10.45 μmol/L, compared to the control, when NADH were used as the substrate. Meanwhile, amorphigenin at 10.45 μmol/L also caused a 1.98-fold decrease in protein content, compared to the control larvae treated with acetone only.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China. lypnancy628@163.com.
authors.forename: Yaping
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China. xiuwei001@syau.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Xiuwei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China. guzumin1212@163.com.
authors.forename: Zumin
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.affiliation: Department of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China. qinpeiwen08@sina.com.
authors.forename: Peiwen
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Qin
authors.affiliation: Department of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China. jimingshan@syau.edu.cn.|Biopesticide Engineering Research Center of Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110866, China. jimingshan@syau.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Mingshan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ji
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003465:Culex / Q000254:growth & development*; D007887:Fabaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D007306:Insecticides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity; D007814:Larva / Q000254:growth & development; D012402:Rotenone / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity; D012639:Seeds / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D007306:Insecticides; D012402:Rotenone; C049148:amorphigenin