title: Understanding Attitudes, Beliefs, and Information Seeking Regarding Hookah Smoking in Parents of College Students: An Exploratory Qualitative Pilot Study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hookah smoking has become increasingly common among young adults in the United States. College students engage in hookah smoking due to the increased exposure and popularity of hookah bars surrounding college campuses. There is limited information on parental perceptions of college students' hookah smoking.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-four telephone interviews were recorded and transcribed with parents of college students using a structured interview guide to explore perceptions, beliefs, behaviors, and information seeking regarding hookah smoking. The transcripts were coded and categorized using NVivo software, and emerging themes were uncovered.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Parents were lacking in awareness and knowledge of hookah smoking and health consequences. They often equated hookah smoking with bong use from their own college experiences. Although negative effects were equated with cigarette smoking, some parents reported beneficial effects of hookah smoking. Some parents disapproved of their college students smoking hookah, whereas others felt it was important that they try new behaviors in moderation. The varying responses indicate that parents were not receiving consistent messages, if any, regarding hookah tobacco smoking.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Informing parents of current novel risky behaviors such as hookah smoking is necessary as they are trusted sources of information for young adult children. Delivering information and educational messages to both students and their parents may be a worthy approach when developing campaigns to deter hookah smoking. There is a need to deter hookah smoking, as it remains a public health concern.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Sciences and Human Performance, College of Natural and Health Sciences.
authors.forename: Allison V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Calvanese
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Sciences and Human Performance, College of Natural and Health Sciences.
authors.forename: Megan V
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Bingham
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Sciences and Human Performance, College of Natural and Health Sciences mmartinasek@ut.edu.
authors.forename: Mary P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Martinasek
authors.affiliation: College of Social Sciences, Mathematics and Education, University of Tampa, Tampa, Florida.
authors.forename: Bruce K
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Friesen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D032721:Adult Children; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003469:Culture; D005260:Female; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D057226:Information Seeking Behavior; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010290:Parents / Q000523:psychology*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D036301:Qualitative Research; D012907:Smoking / Q000523:psychology*; D015144:Southeastern United States; D013334:Students; D014495:Universities
keywords: hookah; parents; perception; prevention; water pipe smoking