title: The features of interventions associated with long-term effectiveness of physical activity interventions in adults aged 55-70 years: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
abstract: Content, delivery and effects of physical activity (PA) interventions are heterogeneous. There is a need to identify intervention features (content and delivery) related to long-term effectiveness. Behaviour change techniques (BCTs) and modes of intervention delivery were coded in 19 randomised controlled trials included in a systematic review of PA interventions for adults aged 55-70 years, published between 2000 and 2010, with PA outcomes ≥ 12 months after randomisation; protocol registration: PROSPERO CRD42011001459. Meta-analysis, moderator analyses and meta-regression were conducted. Meta-analysis revealed that interventions were effective in promoting PA compared with no/minimal intervention comparators [d = 0.29, 95% CI = 0.19-0.40, I(2) = 79.8%, Q-value = 89.16 (df = 18, p < 0.01)]. Intervention features often concurred and goal setting was the most commonly used BCT. Subgroup analyses suggested that interventions using the BCT feedback may be more effective, whilst interventions using printed materials or the BCTs information on where and when to perform the behaviour and information on consequences of behaviour to the individual may be less effective. Meta-regression revealed that neither the number of BCTs nor self-regulatory BCTs significantly related to effect size. Feedback appears to be a potentially effective candidate BCT for future interventions promoting long-term PA. Considering concurrence of intervention features alongside moderator analyses is important.
authors.affiliation: a Institute of Health & Society, Newcastle University , Baddiley-Clark Building, Richardson Road, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4AX , UK.
authors.forename: Nicola
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: O'Brien
authors.affiliation: a Institute of Health & Society, Newcastle University , Baddiley-Clark Building, Richardson Road, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4AX , UK.
authors.forename: Suzanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: McDonald
authors.affiliation: a Institute of Health & Society, Newcastle University , Baddiley-Clark Building, Richardson Road, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4AX , UK.
authors.forename: Vera
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Araújo-Soares
authors.affiliation: b Human Nutrition Research Centre, Institute for Ageing and Health , Newcastle University , Biomedical Research Building, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle upon Tyne NE4 5PL , UK.
authors.forename: Jose
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lara
authors.affiliation: c Walton Library , Newcastle University , Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH , UK.
authors.forename: Linda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Errington
authors.affiliation: d Clinical Ageing Research Unit , Newcastle University , Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle upon Tyne NE4 5PL , UK.
authors.forename: Alan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Godfrey
authors.affiliation: e Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences , University of Texas at Houston , 1941 East Road, BBSB 3118, Houston , TX 77054 , USA.
authors.forename: Thomas D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Meyer
authors.affiliation: d Clinical Ageing Research Unit , Newcastle University , Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle upon Tyne NE4 5PL , UK.
authors.forename: Lynn
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rochester
authors.affiliation: b Human Nutrition Research Centre, Institute for Ageing and Health , Newcastle University , Biomedical Research Building, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle upon Tyne NE4 5PL , UK.
authors.forename: John C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Mathers
authors.affiliation: f Fuse, UKCRC Centre for Translational Research in Public Health , Institute of Health & Society, Newcastle University , Baddiley-Clark Building, Richardson Road, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4AX , UK.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: White
authors.affiliation: f Fuse, UKCRC Centre for Translational Research in Public Health , Institute of Health & Society, Newcastle University , Baddiley-Clark Building, Richardson Road, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4AX , UK.
authors.forename: Falko F
authors.initials: FF
authors.lastname: Sniehotta
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015444:Exercise; D005246:Feedback; D015438:Health Behavior; D006293:Health Promotion / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D013997:Time Factors
keywords: behaviour change techniques; meta-analysis; moderators; modes of delivery; physical activity intervention