title: Peptide-based biosensors.
abstract: Peptides have been used as components in biological analysis and fabrication of novel biosensors for a number of reasons, including mature synthesis protocols, diverse structures and as highly selective substrates for enzymes. Bio-conjugation strategies can provide an efficient way to convert interaction information between peptides and analytes into a measurable signal, which can be used for fabrication of novel peptide-based biosensors. Many sensitive fluorophores can respond rapidly to environmental changes and stimuli manifest as a change in spectral characteristics, hence environmentally-sensitive fluorophores have been widely used as signal markers to conjugate to peptides to construct peptide-based molecular sensors. Additionally, nanoparticles, fluorescent polymers, graphene and near infrared dyes are also used as peptide-conjugated signal markers. On the other hand, peptides may play a generalist role in peptide-based biosensors. Peptides have been utilized as bio-recognition elements to bind various analytes including proteins, nucleic acid, bacteria, metal ions, enzymes and antibodies in biosensors. The selectivity of peptides as an enzymatic substrate has thus been utilized to construct enzyme sensors or enzyme-activity sensors. In addition, progress on immobilization and microarray techniques of peptides has facilitated the progress and commercial application of chip-based peptide biosensors in clinical diagnosis.
authors.affiliation: Drug Delivery Disposition and Dynamics-Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University (Parkville Campus), 381 Royal Parade, Parkville 3052, VIC, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University (Parkville Campus), 381 Royal Parade, Parkville 3052, VIC, Australia.
authors.forename: Qingtao
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Australian Future Fibres Research and Innovation Centre, Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong 3217, VIC, Australia.
authors.forename: Jinfeng
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Drug Delivery Disposition and Dynamics-Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University (Parkville Campus), 381 Royal Parade, Parkville 3052, VIC, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University (Parkville Campus), 381 Royal Parade, Parkville 3052, VIC, Australia. Electronic address: ben.boyd@monash.edu.
authors.forename: Ben J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Boyd
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015374:Biosensing Techniques; D006801:Humans; D010455:Peptides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D010455:Peptides
keywords: Biosensor; Fluorophore; Kinase; Peptides; Protease; Protein