title: Subclinical hyperthyroidism impacts left ventricular deformation: 2D and 3D echocardiographic study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We sought to investigate left ventricular (LV) function and mechanics assessed by three-dimensional echocardiography (3DE) and speckle tracking in patients with subclinical hyperthyroidism (SCH).
  
  
  METHODS
  We included 35 untreated women with SCH and 35 healthy control women matched by age. All participants underwent laboratory analyses which included thyroid hormone levels, and complete 2DE and 3DE examination.
  
  
  RESULTS
  2DE LV longitudinal and circumferential strain was significantly decreased in the SCH subjects. 2DE LV systolic and early diastolic strain rates in longitudinal and circumferential directions were reduced, whereas late diastolic strain rates were increased in SCH individuals. 3DE LV end-diastolic volume and cardiac output were significantly elevated in the SCH patients. 3DE LV deformation in all three directions, as well as 3DE area strain, were significantly lower in the SCH group. Serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and free thyroxine (FT4) levels correlated with 2DE LV mass index, 2DE longitudinal strain, and 3DE LV area strain in the whole study population.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  LV deformation evaluated by 3DE and speckle tracking imaging are significantly impaired in SCH subjects. TSH and FT4 levels correlate with 2DE and 3DE LV structure and mechanics.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, University Clinical Hospital Center "Dr. Dragisa Misovic - Dedinje" , Belgrade , Serbia.
authors.forename: Marijana
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tadic
authors.forename: Sanja
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ilic
authors.forename: Cesare
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cuspidi
authors.forename: Tamara
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Marjanovic
authors.forename: Vera
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Celic
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002302:Cardiac Output; D019560:Echocardiography, Three-Dimensional; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006980:Hyperthyroidism / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D013972:Thyrotropin / Q000097:blood*; D013974:Thyroxine / Q000097:blood*; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D013972:Thyrotropin; D013974:Thyroxine
keywords: echocardiography; function; left ventricle; subclinical hyperthyroidism; three-dimensional deformation