title: The periconceptional environment and cardiovascular disease: does in vitro embryo culture and transfer influence cardiovascular development and health?
abstract: Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ARTs) have revolutionised reproductive medicine; however, reports assessing the effects of ARTs have raised concerns about the immediate and long-term health outcomes of the children conceived through ARTs. ARTs include manipulations during the periconceptional period, which coincides with an environmentally sensitive period of gamete/embryo development and as such may alter cardiovascular development and health of the offspring in postnatal life. In order to identify the association between ARTs and cardiovascular health outcomes, it is important to understand the events that occur during the periconceptional period and how they are affected by procedures involved in ARTs. This review will highlight the emerging evidence implicating adverse cardiovascular outcomes before and after birth in offspring conceived through ARTs in both human and animal studies. In addition, it will identify the potential underlying causes and molecular mechanisms responsible for the congenital and adult cardiovascular dysfunctions in offspring whom were conceived through ARTs.
authors.affiliation: Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia. padmy002@mymail.unisa.edu.au.
authors.forename: Monalisa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Padhee
authors.affiliation: Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia. song.zhang@unisa.edu.au.
authors.forename: Song
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia. shervi.lie@mymail.unisa.edu.au.
authors.forename: Shervi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lie
authors.affiliation: Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia. kimberley.wang@mymail.unisa.edu.au.
authors.forename: Kimberley C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia. kb555@cam.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Kimberley J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Botting
authors.affiliation: Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia. caroline.mcmillen@newcastle.edu.au.
authors.forename: I Caroline
authors.initials: IC
authors.lastname: McMillen
authors.affiliation: Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia. severence.maclaughlin@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Severence M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: MacLaughlin
authors.affiliation: Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia. janna.morrison@unisa.edu.au.
authors.forename: Janna L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Morrison
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D047108:Embryonic Development; D005260:Female; D005307:Fertilization in Vitro / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome