title: Association of Blood Biomarkers of Bone Turnover in HIV-1 Infected Individuals Receiving Anti-Retroviral Therapy (ART).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the association of bone turnover biomarkers with blood levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BAP), osteocalcin (OC), tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), parathyroid hormone (PTH), and other blood markers in HIV-1 infected men receiving anti-retroviral therapy (ART). Advances in the treatment of HIV-1 infection have extended the life span of HIV-1 infected individuals. However, these advances may come at the price of metabolic side effects and bone disorders, including premature osteopenia, osteoporosis and osteonecrosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Analyses of Ostase BAP, osteocalcin, and TRAP in blood were measured in three groups of MACS participants: 35 HIV-1 infected men on ART (A); 35 HIV-1- infected men not on ART (B); and 34 HIV-1 uninfected men (C).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean and standard deviation results for groups A, B, and C were 19.7 ± 6.56, 17.2 ± 3.96, and 16.9 ± 5.78 for ostase BAP; 7.9 ± 9.53, 8.5 ± 8.30, and 5.5 ± 1.65 for osteocalcin; and 3.9 ± 1.04, 3.1 ± 0.81, and 2.5 ± 0.59 for TRAP, respectively. Simple and multivariate analyses showed significant differences in mean TRAP and BAP concentrations between the three groups. In addition strong correlations between blood levels of Ostase BAP and TRAP (r=0.570, p=0.0004), and between blood levels of Ostase BAP and PTH (r=0.436, P=0.0098) for HIV-1 infected men on ART were observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  New strategies for measurement of blood and urine biochemical markers of bone formation and resorption during bone turnover can be useful for clinical monitoring of treatment of HIV-1 infected patients. Recently developed methods for measuring serum levels of TRAP and Ostase BAP represent superior laboratory tools for assessing the hyperactivity of osteoclasts, osteoblasts and bone loss in HIV-1 infected individuals receiving ART. Measurements of TRAP and BAP as bone turnover biomarkers are economical and are important for monitoring bone metabolism during ART and the need for osteoporosis treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California in Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Najib
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Aziz
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of California in Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Anthony W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Butch
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California in Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Joshua J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Quint
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California in Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA ; Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California in Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Roger
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Detels
keywords: Alkaline phosphatase; HIV infection; Osteocalcin; Osteoporosis; Parathyroid hormone; Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase