title: The effect of interleukin-35 on the integrity, ICAM-1 expression and apoptosis of human aortic smooth muscle cells.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Interleukin-35 (IL-35) is a novel immunomodulatory cytokine produced by CD4+ 25+ foxp3+ regulatory T-cells (T regs). Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are involved in local immune homeostasis and certain chronic inflammatory pathologies. The effect of IL-35 on electrical impedance reflecting tissue integrity, the surface expression of ICAM-1 and mRNA expression of IL-32, as well as apoptosis in human primary aortic smooth muscle cells (Ao-SMCs) was investigated.
  
  
  METHODS
  The influence of IL-35 on Ao-SMC integrity was assessed with the real-time cell electric impedance sensing system (RTCA-DP) based on normalized Cell Index (nCI). Additionally, Ao-SMCs were stimulated with IL-35 in order to assess ICAM-1 surface expression and apoptosis in flow cytometer. IL-32 mRNA expression was measured using real-time PCR.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found that the nCI of Ao-SMCs induced with IL-35 was lower after 12, 24 and 48h of incubation than the nCI of unstimulated cells. IL-35 slightly enhanced ICAM-1 surface expression and increased IL-32 mRNA expression in Ao-SMCs after 24h of induction. However, IL-35 did not affect Ao-SMC apoptosis, necrosis or viability.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data suggest that IL-35 may be an agent affecting the inflammatory properties of AoSMCs and thus it may regulate immune homeostasis of the vascular wall. Hence, IL-35 may be a novel player affecting Ao-SMC-controlled arterial wall immune homeostasis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Diseases and Clinical Pharmacology, Laboratory of Tissue Immunopharmacology, Medical University of Lodz, Łódź, Poland.
authors.forename: Wojciech
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Skowron
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Diseases and Clinical Pharmacology, Laboratory of Tissue Immunopharmacology, Medical University of Lodz, Łódź, Poland.
authors.forename: Katarzyna
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Zemanek
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Diseases and Clinical Pharmacology, Laboratory of Tissue Immunopharmacology, Medical University of Lodz, Łódź, Poland.
authors.forename: Katarzyna
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wojdan
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Diseases and Clinical Pharmacology, Laboratory of Tissue Immunopharmacology, Medical University of Lodz, Łódź, Poland.
authors.forename: Paulina
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gorzelak
authors.affiliation: Immunopathology and Genetics Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, Oncology, Hematology and Diabetology, Medical University of Lodz, Łódź, Poland; Department of Clinical Genetics, Medical University of Lodz, Łódź, Poland.
authors.forename: Maciej
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Borowiec
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Diseases and Clinical Pharmacology, Laboratory of Tissue Immunopharmacology, Medical University of Lodz, Łódź, Poland.
authors.forename: Marlena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Broncel
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Diseases and Clinical Pharmacology, Laboratory of Tissue Immunopharmacology, Medical University of Lodz, Łódź, Poland. Electronic address: mchalubinski@op.pl.
authors.forename: Maciej
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chalubinski
mesh_terms: D001011:Aorta / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects*; D017097:Electric Impedance; D006801:Humans; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D007378:Interleukins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000494:pharmacology*; D032389:Myocytes, Smooth Muscle / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D061251:Primary Cell Culture
chemical_list: C496971:IL32 protein, human; D007378:Interleukins; C532417:interleukin-35, human; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1
keywords: AoSMCs; Barrier.; ICAM-1; IL-32; IL-35