title: Association of rhinostomy shape and surgical outcome after endoscopic endonasal dacryocystorhinostomy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to investigate surgical outcomes and complications after endoscopic endonasal dacryocystorhinostomy (EDCR) in relation to rhinostomy shape.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective electronic medical record review of patients who underwent EDCR for primary acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction (PANDO) was performed. Surgical success rates and postoperative complications were compared among three groups of patients in relation to rhinostomy shape (alcove, cavern, or concealed cavern).
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 280 patients (358 eyes) were included in the study. Of the 358 eyes, 194 rhinostomies were alcove-shaped, 157 were cavern-shaped, and 7 were concealed cavern-shaped. There were no patients with flat-shaped rhinostomies. The nasal cavity was wider in patients in the alcove group than those in the cavern and concealed cavern groups (p = 0.012). The mean time to tube removal was longest in the concealed cavern group (p = 0.029). There were no significant differences in anatomical success rates among the three groups (p = 0.338). With regard to functional success for patients with anatomically patent DCR, the cavern and concealed cavern groups had significantly poorer results than the alcove group (p = 0.001). Functional success rates were 91.6 %, 84.8 %, and 57.1 % for the alcove, cavern, and concealed cavern groups, respectively. Development of postoperative granuloma was more frequent in the concealed cavern group (85.7 %) than in the alcove (29.3 %) or cavern groups (26.1 %) (p= 0.003). Multiple logistic regression models for surgical outcome showed that rates of functional failure after EDCR were influenced by patient age and rhinostomy shape (odds ratio 1.824, p = 0.045 for age; odds ratio = 9.605, p = 0.000 for rhinostomy shape) (Table 5).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The incidence rate of symptomatic epiphora after EDCR was approximately 12 %, and this result may have been associated with cavernous and concealed rhinostomy shapes. For patients with persistent epiphora and anatomically patent DCR, it is important to identify rhinostomy shape by endoscopy in order to differentiate causes of functional failure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Korea University College of Medicine, 80, Guro-dong, Guro-gu, Seoul, South Korea, 152-703.
authors.forename: Joonsik
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Sung Won
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Hwa
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Minwook
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Minsoo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Sehyun
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Baek
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D003608:Dacryocystorhinostomy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007767:Lacrimal Duct Obstruction / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009296:Nasal Cavity / Q000473:pathology*; D009301:Nasolacrimal Duct / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D057605:Natural Orifice Endoscopic Surgery / Q000379:methods*; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D012189:Retrospective Studies