title: Interrelationships of Physical Activity and Sleep with Cardiovascular Risk Factors: a Person-Oriented Approach.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Associations of behaviorally modifiable factors like physical activity (PA), sedentary behaviors, and sleep with cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are complicated. We examined whether membership in latent classes (LCs) differentiated by PA and sleep profiles (real-life clustering of behaviors in population subgroups) associate with metabolic risk factors and CVD risk.
  
  
  METHODS
  The National FINRISK 2012 Study comprise a cross-sectional sample of 10,000 Finns aged 25 to 74 years. Analyses included participants with complete data on a health questionnaire, a health examination, who had no prevalent CVD (n = 4031). LCs with PA and sleep profiles were previously defined using latent class analysis. Ten metabolic risk factors and the Framingham 10-year CVD risk score were compared between the LCs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  PA and sleep class profiles were substantially similar for genders. Compared to LC-1, with a profile including high PA and sufficient sleep, membership in LC-4, with a profile including sedentariness and insufficient sleep was associated with high metabolic risk factors in women but not in men. In women, also membership in LC-2, with a profile including light PA, sufficient sleep, and high sedentariness was associated with high metabolic risk factors. The Framingham 10-year CVD risk score was highest in LCs 2 and 4 in both genders.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Membership in LCs differentiated by PA and sleep profiles was associated with metabolic risk factors merely in women, suggesting gender differences in the interrelationships of health behaviors and metabolic risk factors. Total CVD risk differed between the LCs despite of gender; however, the effect was small.
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Health and Welfare, P.O. Box 30, 00271, Helsinki, Finland. heini.wennman@thl.fi.
authors.forename: Heini
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wennman
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Health and Welfare, P.O. Box 30, 00271, Helsinki, Finland. erkki.kronholm@thl.fi.
authors.forename: Erkki
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kronholm
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Health and Welfare, P.O. Box 30, 00271, Helsinki, Finland. timo.partonen@thl.fi.
authors.forename: Timo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Partonen
authors.affiliation: University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, 40014, Jyväskylä, Finland. asko.tolvanen@psyka.jyu.fi.
authors.forename: Asko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tolvanen
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Health and Welfare, P.O. Box 30, 00271, Helsinki, Finland. markku.peltonen@thl.fi.
authors.forename: Markku
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Peltonen
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Health and Welfare, P.O. Box 30, 00271, Helsinki, Finland. tommi.vasankari@uta.fi.|UKK-Institute for Health Promotion and Research, P.O. Box 30, 33501, Tampere, Finland. tommi.vasankari@uta.fi.
authors.forename: Tommi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Vasankari
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Health and Welfare, P.O. Box 30, 00271, Helsinki, Finland. katja.borodulin@thl.fi.
authors.forename: Katja
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Borodulin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D015438:Health Behavior; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008660:Metabolism; D008875:Middle Aged; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000502:physiology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D057185:Sedentary Behavior; D012890:Sleep / Q000502:physiology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: Cardiovascular disease; Latent class analysis; Physical activity; Risk factors; Sleep; The Framingham risk score