title: Sweet/dessert foods are more appealing to adolescents after sleep restriction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Examine the effect of experimental sleep restriction (SR) on adolescents' subjective hunger and perceived appeal of sweet/dessert foods versus other foods. A secondary goal was to replicate previous findings on the effects of SR on dietary intake.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomized cross-over sleep restriction-extension paradigm.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sleep was obtained and monitored at home. Outcome measures were gathered during office visits.
  
  
  METHODS
  31 typically-developing adolescents aged 14-17 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  The three-week protocol consisted of a baseline week, followed randomly by five consecutive nights of SR (6.5 hours in bed) versus healthy sleep duration (HS; 10 hours in bed), a 2-night wash-out period, and a 5-night cross-over.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sleep was monitored via actigraphy. The morning after each experimental condition, teens rated their hunger, underwent a 24-hour diet recall interview, and rated the appeal of a series of pictures of sweet/dessert foods (e.g., ice cream, candy) and non-sweets (meat, eggs, fruits, vegetables).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Teens rated pictures of sweet/dessert foods to be more appealing after SR than after HS (Cohen's d = .41, t = 2.07, p = .045). The sleep manipulation did not affect self-reported hunger or the appeal of non-sweet foods (p >.10). Consistent with our prior work, intake of overall calories was 11% higher and consumption of sweet/dessert servings was 52% greater during SR than HS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Adolescent SR appears to increase the subjective appeal of sweet/dessert foods, indicating a potential mechanism by which SR might contribute to weight gain and the risk for obesity and chronic illness.
authors.affiliation: Children's Hospital Colorado & University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States of America.
authors.forename: Stacey L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Simon
authors.affiliation: Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America.
authors.forename: Julie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Field
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States of America.
authors.forename: Lauren E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.affiliation: Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America.
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: DiFrancesco
authors.affiliation: Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America.
authors.forename: Dean W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Beebe
mesh_terms: D056044:Actigraphy; D000293:Adolescent; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004032:Diet; D005260:Female; D005518:Food Preferences / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D006815:Hunger / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D010775:Photic Stimulation; D012890:Sleep / Q000502:physiology*; D012892:Sleep Deprivation / Q000523:psychology*