title: Does chronic oxygen dependency in preterm infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia at NICU discharge predict respiratory outcomes at 3 years of age?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether chronic oxygen dependency at the time of discharge from the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) in infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) predicts respiratory outcomes at 3 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  Preterm infants ⩽1250 g without BPD, BPD and BPD with chronic oxygen dependency were identified from the Southern Alberta Perinatal Follow-up clinic database (1995-2007). Respiratory outcomes at 4, 8, 18 and 36 months corrected age following NICU discharge were examined. Univariate analyses were done.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Out of 1563 infants admitted to the NICU, 1212 survived. Complete follow-up data at 36 months were available for 1030 (85%) children. Children with BPD with or without chronic oxygen dependency had significantly (P<0.001) lower birth weights and gestational ages, and greater post-natal steroid use, compared with those with no BPD. At 4, 8 and 18 months follow-up, the use of respiratory medications and supplemental oxygen were both significantly higher in the BPD infants with chronic oxygen dependency group compared with the no-BPD group and BPD group. At 36 months, children in the BPD with chronic oxygen dependency group were more likely to use respiratory medications and supplemental oxygen vs the no-BPD or the BPD groups. At 4, 8 and 36 months of age, more children in the BPD with chronic oxygen dependency group had post-neonatal chronic lung disease (PNCLD) than children in the other groups, but at 36 months the difference was significant only for the BPD with chronic oxygen dependency vs no-BPD group (P<0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  At 36 months, children diagnosed with BPD with chronic oxygen dependency at NICU discharge were more likely to need respiratory medications and supplemental oxygen in the previous 12 months, as compared with no-BPD or BPD groups. They were also more likely to require frequent physician visits and have PNCLD at 3 years, as compared with the no-BPD group.
authors.affiliation: 1] Department of Pediatrics, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada [2] Department of Pediatrics, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada [3] Department of Pediatrics, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, Alberta, Canada [4] Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lodha
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ediger
authors.affiliation: 1] Department of Pediatrics, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada [2] Department of Pediatrics, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada [3] Department of Pediatrics, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Rabi
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lodha
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Connecticut Children's Medical Center, Hartford, CT, USA.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bhandari
authors.affiliation: 1] Department of Pediatrics, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada [2] Department of Pediatrics, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada [3] Department of Pediatrics, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sauve
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Bhandari
mesh_terms: D001724:Birth Weight; D001997:Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia / Q000150:complications* / Q000628:therapy*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002908:Chronic Disease; D005260:Female; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature; D007363:Intensive Care Units, Neonatal; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D010102:Oxygen Inhalation Therapy; D010351:Patient Discharge