title: Effect of providing risk information on undergoing cervical cancer screening: a randomized controlled trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In Japan, the cervical cancer screening rate is extremely low. Towards improving the cervical cancer screening rate, encouraging eligible people to make an informed choice, which is a decision-making process that relies on beliefs informed by adequate information about the possible benefits and risks of screening, has attracted increased attention in the public health domain. However, there is concern that providing information on possible risks of screening might prevent deter from participating.
  
  
  METHODS
  In total, 1,912 women aged 20-39 years who had not participated in screening in the fiscal year were selected from a Japanese urban community setting. Participants were randomly divided into 3 groups. Group A received a printed reminder with information about the possible benefits of screening, group B received a printed reminder with information about possible benefits and risks, and group C received a printed reminder with simple information only (control group).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Out of 1,912 participants, 169 (8.8%) participated in cervical cancer screening. In the intervention groups, 137 (10.9%) participated in cervical cancer screening, compared to only 32 (4.9%) of the control group (p < 0.001). In addition, logistic regression analysis revealed that there was no significant difference in screening rate between group A and group B (p = 0.372).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Providing information on the possible risks of screening may not prevent people from taking part in cervical cancer screening among a Japanese non-adherent population.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fujiwara
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Cancer Scan, Shibuya-ku Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Akihiro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shimoda
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Cancer Scan, Shibuya-ku Tokyo, Japan ; Department of Health and Social Behavior, School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshiki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ishikawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi Japan.
authors.forename: Akiyo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Taneichi
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi Japan.
authors.forename: Mai
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ohashi
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshifumi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi Japan.
authors.forename: Takahiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Koyanagi
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Morisawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi Japan.
authors.forename: Suzuyo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi Japan.
authors.forename: Naoto
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi Japan.
authors.forename: Shizuo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Machida
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi Japan.
authors.forename: Yuji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Takei
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi Japan.
authors.forename: Yasushi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Saga
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi Japan.
authors.forename: Mitsuaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Suzuki
keywords: Cervical cancer screening; Informed choice; Organized screening; Printed client reminder; Risk information