title: Intimate partner violence: a study in men and women from six European countries.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We aimed to assess intimate partner violence (IPV) among men and women from six cities in six European countries.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four IPV types were measured in a population-based multicentre study of adults (18-64 years; n = 3,496). Sex- and city-differences in past year prevalence were examined considering victims, perpetrators or both and considering violent acts' severity and repetition.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Male victimization of psychological aggression ranged from 48.8 % (Porto) to 71.8 % (Athens) and female victimization from 46.4 % (Budapest) to 70.5 % (Athens). Male and female victimization of sexual coercion ranged from 5.4 and 8.9 %, respectively, in Budapest to 27.1 and 25.3 % in Stuttgart. Male and female victims of physical assault ranged from 9.7 and 8.5 %, respectively, in Porto, to 31.2 and 23.1 % in Athens. Male victims of injury were 2.7 % in Östersund and 6.3 % in London and female victims were 1.4 % in Östersund and 8.5 % in Stuttgart. IPV differed significantly across cities (p < 0.05). Men and women predominantly experienced IPV as both victims and perpetrators with few significant sex-differences within cities.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results support the need to consider men and women as both potential victims and perpetrators when approaching IPV.
authors.affiliation: EPIUnit - Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: Diogo
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Costa
authors.forename: Joaquim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Soares
authors.forename: Jutta
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lindert
authors.forename: Eleni
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hatzidimitriadou
authors.forename: Örjan
authors.initials: Ö
authors.lastname: Sundin
authors.forename: Olga
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Toth
authors.forename: Elli
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ioannidi-Kapolo
authors.forename: Henrique
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Barros
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000374:Aggression / Q000523:psychology; D019548:Crime Victims / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005060:Europe / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D000066511:Intimate Partner Violence / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D017678:Sex Distribution; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D055815:Young Adult