title: Volumetric and functional evaluation of the gluteus maximus muscle after augmentation gluteoplasty using silicone implants.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The gluteal muscles have been very important throughout the evolution of mankind for the adoption of the bipedal posture. Over the past 15 years, the intramuscular technique has become popular and has been improved, with enhanced results and reduced levels of postoperative complications. The insertion of gluteal implants within the musculature may be an intrinsic compression factor of these muscles. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the gluteus maximus function and its variation over a 12-month period after the insertion of the implant.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a prospective, controlled, clinical study. All subjects were female patients, with anthropometric characteristics and body mass index within preset limits to establish similar groups. Isokinetic test gluteus computed tomographic scans and clinical nutritional assessment were conducted in four stages during the study period: preoperatively and 3, 6, and 12 months after surgery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The study group presented 6.14 percent muscle atrophy to the left and 6.43 percent muscle atrophy to the right after the procedure. Muscle strength presented differences in hip flexion and adduction tests.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The gluteus maximus muscle presents atrophy secondarily to gluteal augmentation surgery with implants. Variations in gluteus maximus muscle strength should not be attributed primarily to the surgical procedure or to the implants; physiologic and multifactorial variations should also be considered. Strength and volume variations did not show a significant correlation. Gluteal augmentation with implants was effective in improving the waist-to-hip ratio and in changing the anthropometric pattern from android to gynoid.
  
  
  METHODS
  Therapeutic, II.
authors.affiliation: Rio de Janeiro, Brazil From the Plastic Surgery Service, Pedro Ernesto University Hospital, the Department of Information Technology, the Nutrition Division, the Department of General Surgery, and the Postgraduate Program in Physiopathology and Surgical Sciences, Rio de Janeiro State University; and the Neuromuscular Research Laboratory, Brazilian Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics.
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Serra
authors.forename: José Horácio
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Aboudib
authors.forename: José Inácio Salles
authors.initials: JIS
authors.lastname: Neto
authors.forename: Victor Rodrigues Amaral
authors.initials: VRA
authors.lastname: Cossich
authors.forename: Nádia Cristina Pinheiro
authors.initials: NCP
authors.lastname: Rodrigues
authors.forename: Katia Fuhro
authors.initials: KF
authors.lastname: de Oliveira
authors.forename: Ruy Garcia
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Marques
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002081:Buttocks / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D004576:Electromyography; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000502:physiology*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000502:physiology / Q000601:surgery*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D019736:Prostheses and Implants; D011474:Prosthesis Design; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D020034:Silicone Gels; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D020034:Silicone Gels