title: Parent ratings of child cognition and language compared with Bayley-III in preterm 3-year-olds.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Parent ratings on questionnaires may provide valid and cost-effective tools for screening cognitive development of children at risk of developmental delay.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  In this study, we examined the convergent validity of combining parent-based reports of non-verbal cognitive abilities (PARCA3) and verbal abilities (CDI-III) in relation to the Bayley-III cognitive scale in 3-year-olds born late pre-term.
  
  
  METHODS
  Mothers of 185 late-preterm children were asked to complete the PARCA3 and the CDI-III shortly before children reached age three; children were then assessed using the Bayley-III close to their third birthday.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The two maternal questionnaires were significantly and moderately correlated with the Bayley-III cognitive scores. Together the maternal ratings accounted for 15% of the variance in the Bayley-III cognitive scores, after controlling for other covariates in regression analysis. In particular, the PARCA3 contributed significantly to explain variance in the Bayley-III cognitive scores when controlling for the CDI-III. However, the CDI-III was also independently associated with the Bayley-III cognitive scores.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Parent ratings of child cognition and language together may provide cost-effective screening of development in "at risk" preschoolers.
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing & Midwifery, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom. Electronic address: o.perra@qub.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Oliver
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Perra
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing & Midwifery, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Jennifer E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: McGowan
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing & Midwifery, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom; Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Child & Family Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada.
authors.forename: Ruth E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Grunau
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Jackie Boylan
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Doran
authors.affiliation: NICORE Project, Royal Maternity Hospital, Belfast, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Stanley
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Craig
authors.affiliation: Lawrence S Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing, University of Toronto, Canada.
authors.forename: Linda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Johnston
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jenkins
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Valerie A
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: Holmes
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing & Midwifery, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Fiona A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Alderdice
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003071:Cognition; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000502:physiology; D007804:Language Development; D008297:Male; D010290:Parents / Q000523:psychology; D011581:Psychological Tests; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: Child development; Parental ratings; Premature babies; Preschoolers