title: Results of the determination of He in cenozoic aquifers using the GC method.
abstract: Applications of the Helium (He) method known so far consisted mainly of 4He measurements using a special mass spectrometer. 4He measurements for groundwater dating purposes can be replaced by total He (3He+4He) concentration measurements because the content of 3He can be ignored. The concentrations of 3He are very low and 3He/4 He ratios do not exceed 1.0·10(-5) in most cases. In this study, the total He concentrations in groundwater were determined using the gas chromatographic (GC) method as an alternative to methods based on spectrometry measurement. He concentrations in groundwater were used for the determination of residence time and groundwater circulation. Additionally, the radiocarbon method was used to determine the value of the external He flux (JHe) in the study area. Obtained low He concentrations and their small variation within the ca. 65 km long section along which groundwater flows indicate that it is likely there is relatively short residence time and a strong hydraulic connection between the aquifers. The estimated residence time (ca. 3000 years) is heavily dependent on the great uncertainty of the He concentration resulting from the low concentrations of He, the external 4He flux value adopted for calculation purposes and the 14C ages used to estimate the external 4He flux.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physicochemistry of Ecosystems, Institute of Nuclear Physics of Polish Academy of Sciences, E. W. Radzikowskiego 152, Cracow 31-342, Poland.
authors.forename: Tomasz
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kotowski
authors.forename: Joanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Najman
mesh_terms: D002250:Carbon Radioisotopes; D002849:Chromatography, Gas / Q000379:methods*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods; D060587:Groundwater / Q000032:analysis*; D006371:Helium / Q000032:analysis*; D014872:Water Movements
chemical_list: D002250:Carbon Radioisotopes; D006371:Helium