title: Preparation and characterization of clove essential oil-loaded liposomes.
abstract: In this study, suitable formulations of natural soybean phospholipid vesicles were developed to improve the stability of clove essential oil and its main component, eugenol. Using an ethanol injection method, saturated (Phospholipon 80H, Phospholipon 90H) and unsaturated soybean (Lipoid S100) phospholipids, in combination with cholesterol, were used to prepare liposomes at various eugenol and clove essential oil concentrations. Liposomal batches were characterized and compared for their size, polydispersity index, Zeta potential, loading rate, encapsulation efficiency and morphology. The liposomes were tested for their stability after storing them for 2 months at 4°C by monitoring changes in their mean size, polydispersity index and encapsulation efficiency (EE) values. It was found that liposomes exhibited nanometric oligolamellar and spherical shaped vesicles and protected eugenol from degradation induced by UV exposure; they also maintained the DPPH-scavenging activity of free eugenol. Liposomes constitute a suitable system for encapsulation of volatile unstable essential oil constituents.
authors.affiliation: Bioactive Molecules Research Group, PRASE, Doctoral School of Sciences and Technologies, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences 2, Lebanese University, Lebanon; Laboratoire d'Automatique et de Génie des Procédés (LAGEP), UMR-CNRS 5007, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CPE Lyon, Bat 308G, 43 Boulevard du 11 Novembre 1918, F-69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France.
authors.forename: Carine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sebaaly
authors.affiliation: Bioactive Molecules Research Group, PRASE, Doctoral School of Sciences and Technologies, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences 2, Lebanese University, Lebanon.
authors.forename: Alia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jraij
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire d'Automatique et de Génie des Procédés (LAGEP), UMR-CNRS 5007, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CPE Lyon, Bat 308G, 43 Boulevard du 11 Novembre 1918, F-69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France.
authors.forename: Hatem
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fessi
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire d'Automatique et de Génie des Procédés (LAGEP), UMR-CNRS 5007, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CPE Lyon, Bat 308G, 43 Boulevard du 11 Novembre 1918, F-69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France.
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Charcosset
authors.affiliation: Bioactive Molecules Research Group, PRASE, Doctoral School of Sciences and Technologies, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences 2, Lebanese University, Lebanon. Electronic address: hgreige@ul.edu.lb.
authors.forename: Hélène
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Greige-Gerges
mesh_terms: D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; D045783:Clove Oil / Q000737:chemistry*; D008081:Liposomes / Q000737:chemistry*; D009822:Oils, Volatile / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010743:Phospholipids / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D045783:Clove Oil; D008081:Liposomes; D009822:Oils, Volatile; D010743:Phospholipids
keywords: Clove essential oil; Eugenol; Lipoid S100; Liposomes; Phospholipon 80H; Phospholipon 90H