title: Utility of electronystagmography in the prediction of post-operative outcome following cochlear implantation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the relationship between pre-operative electronystagmography and videonystagmography test results and post-operative outcomes in dizziness, auditory sensitivity and speech recognition.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective chart review was performed. Auditory sensitivity and speech perception ability were tested pre- and post-operatively in 37 adult cochlear implant recipients. Auditory sensitivity was evaluated using either pure tones (for testing with earphones) or frequency-modulated warble tones (for sound-field testing). Speech perception ability was evaluated using Northwestern University Auditory Test Number 6.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No correlation was found between pre-operative electronystagmography test results and post-operative subjective dizziness. However, pre-operative electronystagmography testing and post-operative hearing sensitivity as measured by warble tone average (dB HL) correlated significantly at six months or later after cochlear implant activation (r  ≥  -0.34, n = 34, p < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study, which has a level of evidence 4, demonstrates that pre-operative electronystagmography testing has a potential use in predicting post-operative outcomes in hearing sensitivity following cochlear implantation. However, larger studies are needed to confirm this novel finding.
authors.affiliation: Columbia Cochlear Implant Programme,Division of Otology, Neurotology, and Skull Base Surgery,Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery,Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons,New York,USA.
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Spitzer
authors.affiliation: Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons,New York,USA.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Chari
authors.affiliation: Columbia Cochlear Implant Programme,Division of Otology, Neurotology, and Skull Base Surgery,Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery,Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons,New York,USA.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Machmer
authors.affiliation: Columbia Cochlear Implant Programme,Division of Otology, Neurotology, and Skull Base Surgery,Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery,Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons,New York,USA.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lipson
authors.affiliation: Columbia Cochlear Implant Programme,Division of Otology, Neurotology, and Skull Base Surgery,Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery,Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons,New York,USA.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rouse
authors.affiliation: Columbia Cochlear Implant Programme,Division of Otology, Neurotology, and Skull Base Surgery,Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery,Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons,New York,USA.
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Lalwani
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001307:Auditory Perception / Q000502:physiology; D019929:Cochlear Implantation / Q000379:methods*; D004244:Dizziness / Q000601:surgery; D004584:Electronystagmography / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011184:Postoperative Period; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013067:Speech Perception / Q000502:physiology; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: Treatment Outcome