title: HIPK2 expression in progression of cutaneous epithelial neoplasm.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Homeodomain-interacting protein kinase 2 (HIPK2) is responsible for a DNA damage response, centrally regulating p53. The aberrant HIPK2 expression is known to be involved in carcinogenesis in several malignancies. However, the correlation of HIPK2 expression along with progression of cutaneous epithelial neoplasm has not been investigated.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using immunohistochemistry and real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, we examined the correlation between HIPK2 and HIPK2-related protein expressions and the progression of some cutaneous epithelial neoplasms (i.e., actinic keratosis, Bowen's disease, keratoacanthoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and basal cell carcinoma).
  
  
  RESULTS
  HIPK2 expression was distinct between preinvasive and invasive lesions: the expression decreased in keratoacanthoma (none of eight) and squamous cell carcinoma (five of 35) compared to actinic keratosis (12 of 19) and Bowen's disease (10 of 23) (P < 0.001). HIPK2 expression was also negatively correlated with aggressiveness of basal cell carcinoma; high-risk subtypes showed lower HIPK2 expression than did low-risk subtypes (P < 0.001). HIPK2 mRNA expression of each tumor group was significantly higher than that of normal skin. HIPK2 mRNA expression of each tumor group was not correlated with the relevant HIPK2 protein expression, which was consistent with previous studies.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HIPK2 expression tends to be decreased along tumor progression and may be involved with the invasive potential, suggesting a possible tumor suppressor role for HIPK2.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, Gyeonggi-do, Korea.
authors.forename: Mi Jung
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.forename: Soo Kee
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Min
authors.forename: Jinwon
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Seo
authors.forename: Dong Hoon
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Chang Ohk
authors.initials: CO
authors.lastname: Sung
authors.forename: Man Sup
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.forename: Jiwoong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: Hye-Rim
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Park
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001913:Bowen's Disease / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D002280:Basal Cell Carcinoma / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000032:analysis* / Q000235:genetics; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression; D006801:Humans; D007636:Keratoacanthoma / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D055623:Keratosis, Actinic / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000032:analysis* / Q000235:genetics; D051736:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-mdm2 / Q000032:analysis; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis*; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D002352:Carrier Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; C497206:MDM2 protein, human; D051736:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-mdm2; C115114:HIPK2 protein, human; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases