title: Photo-attachment of biomolecules for miniaturization on wicking Si-nanowire platform.
abstract: We demonstrated the surface functionalization of a highly three-dimensional, superhydrophilic wicking substrate using light to immobilize functional biomolecules for sensor or microarray applications. We showed here that the three-dimensional substrate was compatible with photo-attachment and the performance of functionalization was greatly improved due to both increased surface capacity and reduced substrate reflectivity. In addition, photo-attachment circumvents the problems induced by wicking effect that was typically encountered on superhydrophilic three-dimensional substrates, thus reducing the difficulty of producing miniaturized sites on such substrate. We have investigated various aspects of photo-attachment process on the nanowire substrate, including the role of different buffers, the effect of wavelength as well as how changing probe structure may affect the functionalization process. We demonstrated that substrate fabrication and functionalization can be achieved with processes compatible with microelectronics processes, hence reducing the cost of array fabrication. Such functionalization method coupled with the high capacity surface makes the substrate an ideal candidate for sensor or microarray for sensitive detection of target analytes.
authors.affiliation: Advanced Materials for Micro- and Nano- Systems, Singapore-MIT Alliance, Singapore, Singapore.
authors.forename: He
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
authors.forename: Han
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.affiliation: NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
authors.forename: Jia Xin
authors.initials: JX
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Bioprocessing Technology Institute, 20 Biopolis Way, #06-01 Centros, Singapore, Singapore.
authors.forename: Lihan
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: GLOBALFOUNDRIES Singapore Private Limited, Singapore, Singapore.
authors.forename: Kam Chew
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Leong
authors.affiliation: Advanced Materials for Micro- and Nano- Systems, Singapore-MIT Alliance, Singapore, Singapore; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America.
authors.forename: Eugene
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Fitzgerald
authors.affiliation: Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, The Russian Federation.
authors.forename: Raj
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rajagopalan
authors.affiliation: Bioprocessing Technology Institute, 20 Biopolis Way, #06-01 Centros, Singapore, Singapore; Department of Biochemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
authors.forename: Heng Phon
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Too
authors.affiliation: Advanced Materials for Micro- and Nano- Systems, Singapore-MIT Alliance, Singapore, Singapore; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
authors.forename: Wee Kiong
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: Choi
mesh_terms: D002232:Carbocyanines / Q000737:chemistry; D015342:DNA Probes / Q000378:metabolism; D061925:Immobilized Nucleic Acids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D046228:Microarray Analysis; D008904:Miniaturization; D053770:Nanowires / Q000737:chemistry*; D009693:Nucleic Acid Hybridization; D009696:Nucleic Acids / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D012825:Silicon / Q000737:chemistry*; D013499:Surface Properties; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays
chemical_list: D002232:Carbocyanines; D015342:DNA Probes; D061925:Immobilized Nucleic Acids; D035683:MicroRNAs; D009696:Nucleic Acids; C089187:cyanine dye 3; D012825:Silicon