title: Status, alert system, and prediction of cyanobacterial bloom in South Korea.
abstract: Bloom-forming freshwater cyanobacterial genera pose a major ecological problem due to their ability to produce toxins and other bioactive compounds, which can have important implications in illnesses of humans and livestock. Cyanobacteria such as Microcystis, Anabaena, Oscillatoria, Phormidium, and Aphanizomenon species producing microcystins and anatoxin-a have been predominantly documented from most South Korean lakes and reservoirs. With the increase in frequency of such blooms, various monitoring approaches, treatment processes, and prediction models have been developed in due course. In this paper we review the field studies and current knowledge on toxin producing cyanobacterial species and ecological variables that regulate toxin production and bloom formation in major rivers (Han, Geum, Nakdong, and Yeongsan) and reservoirs in South Korea. In addition, development of new, fast, and high-throughput techniques for effective monitoring is also discussed with cyanobacterial bloom advisory practices, current management strategies, and their implications in South Korean freshwater bodies.
authors.affiliation: Environmental Biotechnology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 305-806, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Ankita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Srivastava
authors.affiliation: Environmental Biotechnology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 305-806, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Chi-Yong
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Ahn
authors.affiliation: Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, India.
authors.forename: Ravi Kumar
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Asthana
authors.affiliation: Environmental Biotechnology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 305-806, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hyung-Gwan
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Environmental Biotechnology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 305-806, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hee-Mock
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Oh
mesh_terms: D000458:Cyanobacteria / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000472:pathogenicity; D004463:Ecology; D005068:Eutrophication / Q000502:physiology; D005618:Fresh Water / Q000382:microbiology; D006801:Humans; D060106:Lakes; D008387:Marine Toxins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000378:metabolism; D052998:Microcystins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism; D056910:Republic of Korea; D014121:Toxoids / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism; D014871:Water Microbiology
chemical_list: D008387:Marine Toxins; D052998:Microcystins; D014121:Toxoids