title: Visual-perceptual impairment in children with cerebral palsy: a systematic review.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Visual perception is one of the cognitive functions often impaired in children with cerebral palsy (CP). The aim of this systematic literature review was to assess the frequency of visual-perceptual impairment (VPI) and its relationship with patient characteristics.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eligible studies were relevant papers assessing visual perception with five common standardized assessment instruments in children with CP published from January 1990 to August 2011.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 84 studies selected, 15 were retained. In children with CP, the proportion of VPI ranged from 40% to 50% and the mean visual perception quotient from 70 to 90. None of the studies reported a significant influence of CP subtype, IQ level, side of motor impairment, neuro-ophthalmological outcomes, or seizures. The severity of neuroradiological lesions seemed associated with VPI. The influence of prematurity was controversial, but a lower gestational age was more often associated with lower visual motor skills than with decreased visual-perceptual abilities.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The impairment of visual perception in children with CP should be considered a core disorder within the CP syndrome. Further research, including a more systematic approach to neuropsychological testing, is needed to explore the specific impact of CP subgroups and of neuroradiological features on visual-perceptual development.
authors.affiliation: RHEOP (Registre des Handicaps de l'Enfant et Observatoire Périnatal Isère, Savoie et Haute-Savoie), Grenoble, F-38000, France; Pôle santé Publique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Grenoble, Grenoble, F-38043, France; Université Grenoble Alpes/CNRS/TIMC-IMAG UMR 5525 (Equipe ThEMAS), Grenoble, F-38041, France.
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ego
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lidzba
authors.forename: Paola
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Brovedani
authors.forename: Vittorio
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Belmonti
authors.forename: Sibylle
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gonzalez-Monge
authors.forename: Baya
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Boudia
authors.forename: Annie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ritz
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cans
mesh_terms: D002547:Cerebral Palsy / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002648:Child; D006801:Humans; D010468:Perceptual Disorders / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D014796:Visual Perception / Q000502:physiology*