title: Dietary sources of calcium among parents and their early adolescent children in the United States by parent race/ethnicity and place of birth.
abstract: Dietary calcium sources may differ by race/ethnicity and dietary acculturation. A cross-sectional, convenience sample including 587 United States (US) Asian, Hispanic and non-Hispanic White parent-child (10-13 years) pairs completed a calcium food frequency questionnaire. Calcium sources were ranked by mean percent contribution to total adjusted calcium intake, and compared by ethnic group and parents' location of birth. Five foods (fluid milk, cheese, milk on cereal, yogurt, and lattes) represented 49% of total calcium intake for parents. The same foods (except lattes) represented 55% of total calcium for early adolescent children. Fluid milk provided the largest mean percentage of intake for all race/ethnic groups among parents and children. Several food sources of calcium were greater for foreign-born versus US-born Asian or Hispanic parents and children. Understanding calcium food sources and changes in dietary patterns that affect calcium intake among parents and children is important to better promote adequate intake.
authors.affiliation: Nutrition, School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, 200 Milam Hall, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA, cluskeym@oregonstate.edu.
authors.forename: Mary
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cluskey
authors.forename: Siew Sun
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: Rickelle
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Richards
authors.forename: Miriam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ballejos
authors.forename: Marla
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Reicks
authors.forename: Garry
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Auld
authors.forename: Carol
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Boushey
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bruhn
authors.forename: Scottie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Misner
authors.forename: Beth
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Olson
authors.forename: Sahar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zaghloul
mesh_terms: D000069:Acculturation; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D002136:Calcium, Dietary; D002648:Child; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003611:Dairy Products; D004032:Diet / Q000208:ethnology*; D054242:Emigrants and Immigrants / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005247:Feeding Behavior / Q000208:ethnology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008892:Milk; D010290:Parents; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D002136:Calcium, Dietary