title: Investigation of the effects of distance from sources on apoptosis, oxidative stress and cytosolic calcium accumulation via TRPV1 channels induced by mobile phones and Wi-Fi in breast cancer cells.
abstract: TRPV1 is a Ca2+ permeable channel and gated by noxious heat, oxidative stress and capsaicin (CAP). Some reports have indicated that non-ionized electromagnetic radiation (EMR)-induces heat and oxidative stress effects. We aimed to investigate the effects of distance from sources on calcium signaling, cytosolic ROS production, cell viability, apoptosis, plus caspase-3 and -9 values induced by mobile phones and Wi-Fi in breast cancer cells MCF-7 human breast cancer cell lines were divided into A, B, C and D groups as control, 900, 1800 and 2450 MHz groups, respectively. Cells in Group A were used as control and were kept in cell culture conditions without EMR exposure. Groups B, C and D were exposed to the EMR frequencies at different distances (0 cm, 1 cm, 5 cm, 10 cm, 20 cm and 25 cm) for 1h before CAP stimulation. The cytosolic ROS production, Ca2+ concentrations, apoptosis, caspase-3 and caspase-9 values were higher in groups B, C and D than in A group at 0 cm, 1 cm and 5 cm distances although cell viability (MTT) values were increased by the distances. There was no statistically significant difference in the values between control, 20 and 25 cm. Wi-Fi and mobile phone EMR placed within 10 cm of the cells induced excessive oxidative responses and apoptosis via TRPV1-induced cytosolic Ca2+ accumulation in the cancer cells. Using cell phones and Wi-Fi sources which are farther away than 10 cm may provide useful protection against oxidative stress, apoptosis and overload of intracellular Ca2+. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Membrane channels and transporters in cancers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey.
authors.forename: Bilal
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Çiğ
authors.affiliation: Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey; Neuroscience Research Center, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey. Electronic address: mustafanaziroglu@sdu.edu.tr.
authors.forename: Mustafa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nazıroğlu
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000528:radiation effects; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D020013:Calcium Signaling; D040421:Cell Phone; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000528:radiation effects; D003600:Cytosol / Q000201:enzymology / Q000528:radiation effects; D004307:Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; D060733:Electromagnetic Radiation; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D061986:MCF-7 Cells; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000528:radiation effects; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000819:agonists / Q000378:metabolism; D050916:TRPV Cation Channels / Q000819:agonists* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D050916:TRPV Cation Channels; C494482:TRPV1 protein, human; D002118:Calcium
keywords: Apoptosis; Breast cancer; Calcium signaling; Mobile phone; Oxidative stress; Wireless internet (Wi-Fi)