title: Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacterial extracellular vesicles.
abstract: Like mammalian cells, Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria release nano-sized membrane vesicles into the extracellular environment either in a constitutive manner or in a regulated manner. These bacterial extracellular vesicles are spherical bilayered proteolipids enriched with bioactive proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and virulence factors. Recent progress in this field supports the critical pathophysiological functions of these vesicles in both bacteria-bacteria and bacteria-host interactions. This review provides an overview of the current understanding on Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacterial extracellular vesicles, especially regarding the biogenesis, components, and functions in poly-species communities. We hope that this review will stimulate additional research in this emerging field of bacterial extracellular vesicles and contribute to the development of extracellular vesicle-based diagnostic tools and effective vaccines against pathogenic Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria.
authors.affiliation: Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Ji Hyun
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jaewook
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jaesung
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: ysgho@postech.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Yong Song
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Gho
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000382:microbiology*; D000067128:Extracellular Vesicles / Q000378:metabolism*; D006090:Gram-Negative Bacteria / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D006094:Gram-Positive Bacteria / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D056265:Microbial Interactions
keywords: Bacteria; Communicasomes; Diagnosis; Extracellular vesicles; Outer membrane vesicles; Vaccines