title: Formulation of intumescent flame retardant coatings containing natural-based tea saponin.
abstract: Natural product tea saponin (TS), extracted from the nutshell of camellia (Camellia oleifera Abel, Theaceae), was introduced into intumescent flame retardant formulations as blowing agent and carbon source. The formulations of the flame retardant system were optimized to get the optimum proportion of TS, and intumescent flame retardant coatings containing tea saponin (TS-IFRCs) were then prepared. It was found that TS can significantly affect the combustion behavior and the thermal stability of TS-IFRCs evaluated by cone calorimetry and simultaneous thermal analyzer, respectively. It was shown that TS, degraded to water vapor and carbon at high temperatures, can combine with other components to form a well-developed char layer. The char layer was supposed to inhibit erosion upon exposure to heat and oxygen and enhance the flame retardancy of TS-IFRCs. In addition, the smoke release of TS-IFRCs was also studied, which provided a low amount of smoke production.
authors.affiliation: †School of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, Hunan, People's Republic of China.|§Guangdong Vocational College of Environmental Protection Engineering, Foshan 528216, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Qian
authors.affiliation: †School of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, Hunan, People's Republic of China.|‡State Key Laboratory of Ecological Applied Technology in Forest Area of South China, Changsha 410004, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xiang-Zhou
authors.initials: XZ
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: †School of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Zhi-Ping
authors.initials: ZP
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: †School of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, Hunan, People's Republic of China.|#School of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410114, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yan-Xin
authors.initials: YX
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: ⊥Business School, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Cong-Cong
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.affiliation: ΔSchool of Chemistry and Environment Engineering, Hunan City University, Yiyang 413000, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Meng
mesh_terms: D028244:Camellia / Q000737:chemistry*; D005411:Flame Retardants / Q000032:analysis*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry*; D012503:Saponins / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D005411:Flame Retardants; D010936:Plant Extracts; D012503:Saponins
keywords: flame retardancy; formulation; intumescent flame retardant coatings; tea saponin; thermal analysis