title: Assessing pyloric sphincter pathophysiology using EndoFLIP in patients with gastroparesis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Pyloric dysfunction has been associated with gastroparesis, particularly diabetic gastroparesis. Endoscopic functional luminal imaging probe (EndoFLIP) uses 16 sensors inside a balloon that is inflated inside a sphincter to assess physiologic characteristics. The aim of this study was to measure the pressure, diameter, cross-sectional area (CSA), and distensibility of the pylorus using EndoFLIP in patients with gastroparesis. In addition, the relationship between pyloric pathophysiology with gastroparesis etiology, symptoms, and gastric emptying was assessed.
  
  
  METHODS
  EndoFLIP was performed in 54 patients (39 idiopathic gastroparesis, 15 diabetic gastroparesis). The EndoFLIP catheter was passed endoscopically so that the balloon straddled the pylorus. Pressure, diameter, CSA, and distensibility of the pylorus were measured at 20, 30, 40, and 50 cc balloon volume.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Pyloric sphincter contour was seen best at 40 cc balloon distension (diameter 12.2 ± 0.44 mm, CSA 125.2 ± 9.15 mm(2), pressure 18.0 ± 1.23 mmHg, length 1.59 ± 0.34 cm, distensibility 10.7 ± 2.57 mm(2)/mmHg). There was a wide range seen in diameter (5.6-22.1 mm) and distensibility (1-55 mm(2)/mmHg) of the pylorus. Symptoms of early satiety and postprandial fullness were inversely correlated with pyloric sphincter diameter and CSA. No significant difference was seen between diabetic and idiopathic gastroparetics.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  EndoFLIP is a novel technique that can be used to assess pyloric physiologic characteristics. Early satiety and postprandial fullness were inversely correlated with diameter and CSA of the pyloric sphincter. No significant differences were seen comparing diabetic and idiopathic gastroparetics. This technology may be of benefit to help select patients with pyloric sphincter abnormalities.
authors.affiliation: Gastroenterology Section, Department of Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Malik
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sankineni
authors.forename: H P
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Parkman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016099:Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D018589:Gastroparesis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011708:Pylorus / Q000503:physiopathology*
keywords: Gastroparesis Cardinal Symptom Index; PAGI-SYM; diabetic gastroparesis; gastric emptying; gastroparesis; idiopathic gastroparesis; pylorus