title: Lesions involving the jugular foramen: clinical characteristics and surgical management.
abstract: CONCLUSIONS
  Lesions involving the jugular foramen (JF) present as various diagnoses. Pulsatile tinnitus is more common in glomus jugulare (GJ) tumors, whereas otalgia and facial nerve paresis are more prevalent in temporal bone malignancies (TBMs). Preoperative facial nerve electroneurography (ENoG) was significantly correlated with postoperative facial nerve function.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To describe the diagnosis and surgical management of lesions involving the JF.
  
  
  METHODS
  The charts were reviewed for 38 patients who had lesions involving the JF, including 14 patients with TBMs, 11 with GJ tumors, 7 with cholesteatomas, 2 with facial nerve schwannomas, 2 with JF schwannomas, and 2 with cholesterol granulomas. The follow-up data were recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The most frequent symptoms included hearing loss (89.47%), followed by otorrhea (47.37%) and pulsatile tinnitus (39.47%). With respect to TBMs, 57.14% of patients complained of otorrhea and otalgia, and 50.00% presented with facial nerve paresis. Among the 13 patients with facial nerve paresis, 53.85% were diagnosed with TBMs. Regarding GJ tumors, 81.82% had pulsatile tinnitus and hearing loss. Among the 25 patients with normal preoperative facial nerve function, the mean facial nerve ENoG reduction was 29.48 ± 29.15%, and the mean postoperative facial nerve score was 77.48 ± 33.13. The correlation coefficient was -0.973 (p = 0.000).
authors.affiliation: Otology & Skull Base Surgery Department.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Chunfu
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dai
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000150:complications / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D002781:Cholesteatoma / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery; D004427:Ear Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D005155:Facial Nerve Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D005925:Glomus Jugulare Tumor / Q000150:complications* / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009442:Neurilemmoma / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D019292:Skull Base Neoplasms / Q000150:complications* / Q000601:surgery
keywords: Glomus jugulare tumors; cholesteatoma; cholesterol granuloma; electroneurography; schwannoma; temporal bone malignancies