title: Occurrence of Fusarium mycotoxins and their dietary intake through beer consumption by the European population.
abstract: Since cereals are raw materials for production of beer and beer-based drinks, the occurrence mycotoxins in 154 beer samples was topic of investigation in this study. The analyses were conducted using QuEChERS extraction and gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry determination. The analytical method showed recoveries for vast majority of analytes ranged from 70% to 110%, relative standard deviations lower than 15% and limits of detection from 0.05 to 8 μg/L. A significant incidence of HT-2 toxin and deoxynivalenol (DON) were found in 9.1% and 59.7% of total samples, respectively. The exposure of European population to mycotoxins through beer consumption was assessed. No toxicological concern was associated to mycotoxins exposure for average beer consumers. Despite that, for heavy beer drinkers, the contribution of this commodity to the daily intake is not negligible, approaching or even exceeding the safety levels.
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent A. Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Spain.
authors.forename: Yelko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Rodríguez-Carrasco
authors.affiliation: Consorzio Interuniversitario INBB, Viale Medaglie d'Oro, 305, I-00136 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Margherita
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fattore
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Napoli Federico II, via D. Montesano 49, I-80131 Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Stefania
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Albrizio
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent A. Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Spain. Electronic address: Houda.Berrada@uv.es.
authors.forename: Houda
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Berrada
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent A. Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Spain.
authors.forename: Jordi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mañes
mesh_terms: D001515:Beer / Q000032:analysis*; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis*; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D006801:Humans; D009183:Mycotoxins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000032:analysis*; D013605:T-2 Toxin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000032:analysis; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry; D014255:Trichothecenes / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D009183:Mycotoxins; D014255:Trichothecenes; D013605:T-2 Toxin; C007262:deoxynivalenol; C012351:HT-2 toxin
keywords: Beer; Exposure assessment; GC–MS/MS; Mycotoxins