title: Contamination of Composite Resin by Glove Powder and Saliva Contaminants: Impact on Mechanical Properties and Incremental Layer Debonding.
abstract: This study investigated the influence of digital manipulation of a composite resin (Z250; 3M ESPE, St Paul, MN, USA) with gloves contaminated with powder and/or human stimulated saliva on the mechanical properties and incremental layer debonding of the restorative. The six groups tested were powdered gloves with or without saliva, powder-free gloves with or without saliva, powdered gloves with saliva cleaned with 70% ethanol, and no digital manipulation or contamination (control). Diametral tensile strength, flexural strength, flexural modulus, and incremental layer shear bond strength were evaluated. Each composite increment was digitally manipulated for 10 seconds. Data from each test were separately analyzed using analysis of variance and the Student-Newman-Keuls test (α=0.05). No significant differences for diametral tensile strength were observed. Manipulation of the composite using powder-free gloves with saliva or using gloves cleaned with ethanol generated higher flexural strength and modulus compared to the other groups. The control group and the group manipulated using powdered gloves with saliva generally showed lower mechanical performances. Lower incremental layer bond strength was observed for the group manipulated with powdered gloves without saliva. The control group and the groups manipulated with powdered gloves with saliva or cleaned with ethanol showed higher shear bond strengths. Most of the failures were cohesive. In conclusion, digital manipulation might be important for the composite resin to achieve better mechanical performance and incremental layer bond strength, provided that the gloves are not contaminated. Cleaning the gloves with ethanol might avoid the negative effects of digital manipulation using contaminated gloves.
authors.forename: N M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Martins
authors.forename: G U
authors.initials: GU
authors.lastname: Schmitt
authors.forename: H L
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Madruga
authors.forename: R R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Moraes
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Cenci
mesh_terms: D003188:Composite Resins / Q000737:chemistry; D001840:Dental Bonding; D005932:Gloves, Surgical; D006801:Humans; D011208:Powders; D012463:Saliva; D013718:Tensile Strength
chemical_list: D003188:Composite Resins; D011208:Powders