title: Characterizing the genetic risk for Type 2 diabetes in a Malaysian multi-ethnic cohort.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To characterize the association with Type 2 diabetes of known Type 2 diabetes risk variants in people in Malaysia of Malay, Chinese and Indian ancestry who participated in the Malaysian Cohort project.
  
  
  METHODS
  We genotyped 1604 people of Malay ancestry (722 cases, 882 controls), 1654 of Chinese ancestry (819 cases, 835 controls) and 1728 of Indian ancestry (851 cases, 877 controls). First, 62 candidate single-nucleotide polymorphisms previously associated with Type 2 diabetes were assessed for association via logistic regression within ancestral groups and then across ancestral groups using a meta-analysis. Second, estimated odds ratios were assessed for excess directional concordance with previously studied populations. Third, a genetic risk score aggregating allele dosage across the candidate single-nucleotide polymorphisms was tested for association within and across ancestral groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After Bonferroni correction, seven individual single-nucleotide polymorphisms were associated with Type 2 diabetes in the combined Malaysian sample. We observed a highly significant excess in concordance of effect directions between Malaysian and previously studied populations. The genetic risk score was strongly associated with Type 2 diabetes in all Malaysian groups, explaining from 1.0 to 1.7% of total Type 2 diabetes risk variance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study suggests there is substantial overlap of the genetic risk alleles underlying Type 2 diabetes in Malaysian and other populations.
authors.affiliation: School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.|UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Abdullah
authors.affiliation: UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: N A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Abdul Murad
authors.affiliation: Clinical Research Design, IT and Statistical Support Unit, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.|Centre for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Attia
authors.affiliation: Clinical Research Design, IT and Statistical Support Unit, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.|Centre for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Oldmeadow
authors.affiliation: UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Mohd Haniff
authors.affiliation: UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Syafruddin
authors.affiliation: UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Abd Jalal
authors.affiliation: UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ismail
authors.affiliation: UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ishak
authors.affiliation: UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jamal
authors.affiliation: School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.|Hunter Area Pathology Service, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Scott
authors.affiliation: Clinical Research Design, IT and Statistical Support Unit, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.|Centre for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.
authors.forename: E G
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Holliday
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D044466:Asian People / Q000235:genetics; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002681:China / Q000208:ethnology; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000235:genetics*; D005006:Ethnicity / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D055106:Genome-Wide Association Study; D006801:Humans; D007194:India / Q000208:ethnology; D008296:Malaysia / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D012307:Risk Factors