title: Occlusal caries extension in relation to visual and radiographic diagnostic criteria: results from a microcomputed tomography study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This in vitro study aimed to evaluate occlusal caries extension in relation to visual and radiographic diagnostic criteria and their clinical value to indicate operative or preventive dental care.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 196 third molars with clinically sound occlusal fissures or noncavitated lesions were collected. Before microcomputed tomography (μCT) investigation, each tooth was examined visually and radiographically. Kühnisch's μCT-based caries-extension index (CE index) was used to determine the caries depth on a numeric scale (0 = sound; 0.01-0.99 = enamel caries; 1.0-1.99 = dentin caries). Sensitivities (SEs), specificities (SPs), and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (Az value) were also calculated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Based on μCT data, the following mean CE index values and standard deviations (SDs) were documented according to the visual criteria: sound = 0.6 (0.4); first visible signs = 0.9 (0.4); established lesions = 1.3 (0.3); microcavities = 1.4 (0.2); dentin exposure = 1.5 (0.2); and large cavities = 1.5 (0.3). The radiographic categories according to Marthaler (enamel caries [D0-2], caries in the outer half of dentin [D3], and caries in the inner half of dentin [D4]) were related to CE index values of 0.9 (0.4), 1.4 (0.2) and 1.6 (0.4), respectively. Caries detected visually or radiographically showed an SE of 84% and an SP of 85% (Az = 0.85). When both methods were used to predict dentin involvement simultaneously, SE = 27%, SP = 100%, and Az = 0.63; this combined visual and radiographic approach was associated with a perfect specificity and no false-negative decisions. The proportion of false-positive diagnoses was moderately high, and lesion extension in these cases was mainly limited to the outer 20% of the dentin.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results might be useful for differentiating between preventive and operative dental care for pits and fissures.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bücher
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Galler
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Seitz
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hickel
authors.forename: K-H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Kunzelmann
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kühnisch
mesh_terms: D003731:Dental Caries / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008963:Molar / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D010895:Pit and Fissure Sealants / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011861:Radiography, Dental / Q000379:methods*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D055114:X-Ray Microtomography / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D010895:Pit and Fissure Sealants