title: Cells for tissue engineering of cardiac valves.
abstract: Heart valve tissue engineering is a promising alternative to prostheses for the replacement of diseased or damaged heart valves, because tissue-engineered valves have the ability to remodel, regenerate and grow. To engineer heart valves, cells are harvested, seeded onto or into a three-dimensional (3D) matrix platform to generate a tissue-engineered construct in vitro, and then implanted into a patient's body. Successful engineering of heart valves requires a thorough understanding of the different types of cells that can be used to obtain the essential phenotypes that are expressed in native heart valves. This article reviews different cell types that have been used in heart valve engineering, cell sources for harvesting, phenotypic expression in constructs and suitability in heart valve tissue engineering. Natural and synthetic biomaterials that have been applied as scaffold systems or cell-delivery platforms are discussed with each cell type. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
authors.forename: Soumen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jana
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
authors.forename: Robert T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Tranquillo
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA. Lerman.Amir@mayo.edu.
authors.forename: Amir
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lerman
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001705:Bioprosthesis; D006350:Heart Valve Prosthesis; D006351:Heart Valves / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods*
keywords: endothelial cell; fibroblast; heart valve; interstitial cell; myofibroblast; stem cell; tissue engineering