title: The Association Between Knee Extensor Force Steadiness, Force Accuracy, and Mobility in Older Adults Who Have Fallen.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Older adults often experience limited mobility, lower extremity muscle weakness, and increased fall risk. Furthermore, when older adults perform tasks that require control of submaximal force, impairments in their ability to maintain steady and accurate force output have been reported. Such problems may be related to deteriorating levels of mobility, particularly in older adults who have fallen.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to determine whether an association exists between muscle force steadiness (MFS) or muscle force accuracy (MFA) of the knee extensors and mobility in older adults who have fallen.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty older adults ((Equation is included in full-text article.)= 77.5 ± 7 years, 5 males and 15 females) with 2 or more comorbid conditions and who experienced a fall in the past year underwent assessment of maximal voluntary isometric contraction of the knee extensors. A submaximal target force of 50% of their maximal voluntary isometric contraction was used to determine concentric and eccentric (ECC) steadiness (the fluctuations in force production) and accuracy (the average distance of the mean force from the target force) measures. Mobility was indicated by the 6-minute walk test, the Timed Up and Go, stair ascent, and stair descent tests. Correlation analysis was used to assess the relationship between measures of muscle force control and mobility.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The correlations between muscle force steadiness and mobility were not significant (P > .05) for either contraction type. However, MFA during ECC contractions only was correlated significantly with all measures of mobility-6 minute walk test (r = -0.48; P = .03), Timed Up and Go (r = 0.68; P = .01), stair ascent (r = 0.60; P = .01), and stair descent (r = 0.75; P < .01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The identification of the relationship between ECC MFA and mobility in older adults who have fallen is novel. Although the correlations are not causal, these relationships suggest that inaccurate force output during ECC contractions of the knee extensors is linked to impaired mobility.
authors.affiliation: 1Department of Physical Therapy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah. 2DPT Program, Rocky Mountain University of Health Professions, Provo, Utah. 3Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado.
authors.forename: Kaiwi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Chung-Hoon
authors.forename: Brian L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Tracy
authors.forename: Leland E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Dibble
authors.forename: Robin L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Marcus
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Burgess
authors.forename: Paul C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: LaStayo
mesh_terms: D000058:Accidental Falls; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007537:Isometric Contraction / Q000502:physiology; D007717:Knee / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D051346:Mobility Limitation; D053580:Muscle Strength / Q000502:physiology*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology*