title: Development and psychometric evaluation of a new team effectiveness scale for all types of community adult mental health teams: a mixed-methods approach.
abstract: Defining 'effectiveness' in the context of community mental health teams (CMHTs) has become increasingly difficult under the current pattern of provision required in National Health Service mental health services in England. The aim of this study was to establish the characteristics of multi-professional team working effectiveness in adult CMHTs to develop a new measure of CMHT effectiveness. The study was conducted between May and November 2010 and comprised two stages. Stage 1 used a formative evaluative approach based on the Productivity Measurement and Enhancement System to develop the scale with multiple stakeholder groups over a series of qualitative workshops held in various locations across England. Stage 2 analysed responses from a cross-sectional survey of 1500 members in 135 CMHTs from 11 Mental Health Trusts in England to determine the scale's psychometric properties. Based on an analysis of its structural validity and reliability, the resultant 20-item scale demonstrated good psychometric properties and captured one overall latent factor of CMHT effectiveness comprising seven dimensions: improved service user well-being, creative problem-solving, continuous care, inter-team working, respect between professionals, engagement with carers and therapeutic relationships with service users. The scale will be of significant value to CMHTs and healthcare commissioners both nationally and internationally for monitoring, evaluating and improving team functioning in practice.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Gloucestershire, Gloucester, UK.
authors.forename: Walid
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: El Ansari
authors.affiliation: Work and Organisational Psychology Group, Aston Business School, Aston University, Birmingham, UK.
authors.forename: Joanne
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lyubovnikova
authors.affiliation: School of Sociology and Social Policy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
authors.forename: Hugh
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Middleton
authors.affiliation: Sheffield University Management School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
authors.forename: Jeremy F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Dawson
authors.affiliation: Open University, Milton Keynes, UK.
authors.forename: Paul B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Naylor
authors.affiliation: Lancaster University Management School, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK.
authors.forename: Michael A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: West
mesh_terms: D003142:Communication; D003156:Community Mental Health Services / Q000458:organization & administration*; D003266:Continuity of Patient Care / Q000458:organization & administration; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004739:England; D006801:Humans; D007400:Interprofessional Relations; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000628:therapy*; D020380:Needs Assessment; D010348:Patient Care Team / Q000458:organization & administration*; D011340:Problem Solving; D011369:Professional-Patient Relations; D011594:Psychometrics; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires / Q000592:standards*
keywords: community mental healthcare; productivity measurement and enhancement system; scale development; team effectiveness; teamwork