title: Mask ventilation with two different face masks in the delivery room for preterm infants: a randomized controlled trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  If an infant fails to initiate spontaneous breathing after birth, international guidelines recommend a positive pressure ventilation (PPV). However, PPV by face mask is frequently inadequate because of leak between the face and mask. Despite a variety of available face masks, none have been prospectively compared in a randomized fashion. We aimed to evaluate and compare leak between two commercially available round face masks (Fisher & Paykel (F&P) and Laerdal) in preterm infants <33 weeks gestational age in the delivery room.
  
  
  METHODS
  Infants born at the Royal Alexandra Hospital from April to September 2013 at <33 weeks gestational age who received mask PPV in the delivery room routinely had a flow sensor placed between the mask and T-piece resuscitator. Infants were randomly assigned to receive PPV with either a F&P or Laerdal face mask. All resuscitators were trained in the use of both face masks. We compared mask leak, airway pressures, tidal volume and ventilation rate between the two groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifty-six preterm infants (n=28 in each group) were enrolled; mean±s.d. gestational age 28±3 weeks; birth weight 1210±448 g; and 30 (52%) were male. Apgar scores at 1 and 5 min were 5±3 and 7±2, respectively. Infants randomized to the F&P face mask and Laerdal face mask had similar mask leak (30 (25-38) versus 35 (24-46)%, median (interquartile range), respectively, P=0.40) and tidal volume (7.1 (4.9-8.9) versus 6.6 (5.2-8.9) ml kg(-1), P=0.69) during PPV. There were no significant differences in ventilation rate, inflation time or airway pressures between groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of either face mask during PPV in the delivery room yields similar mask leak in preterm infants <33 weeks gestational age.
authors.affiliation: Centre for the Studies of Asphyxia and Resuscitation, Neonatal Research Unit, Royal Alexandra Hospital, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cheung
authors.affiliation: Centre for the Studies of Asphyxia and Resuscitation, Neonatal Research Unit, Royal Alexandra Hospital, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
authors.forename: Q
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Mian
authors.affiliation: 1] Centre for the Studies of Asphyxia and Resuscitation, Neonatal Research Unit, Royal Alexandra Hospital, Edmonton, AB, Canada [2] Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
authors.forename: P-Y
authors.initials: PY
authors.lastname: Cheung
authors.affiliation: 1] Centre for the Studies of Asphyxia and Resuscitation, Neonatal Research Unit, Royal Alexandra Hospital, Edmonton, AB, Canada [2] Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: O'Reilly
authors.affiliation: 1] Centre for the Studies of Asphyxia and Resuscitation, Neonatal Research Unit, Royal Alexandra Hospital, Edmonton, AB, Canada [2] Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Aziz
authors.affiliation: Centre for the Studies of Asphyxia and Resuscitation, Neonatal Research Unit, Royal Alexandra Hospital, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: van Os
authors.affiliation: 1] Centre for the Studies of Asphyxia and Resuscitation, Neonatal Research Unit, Royal Alexandra Hospital, Edmonton, AB, Canada [2] Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada [3] Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Medical University, Graz, Austria.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pichler
authors.affiliation: 1] Centre for the Studies of Asphyxia and Resuscitation, Neonatal Research Unit, Royal Alexandra Hospital, Edmonton, AB, Canada [2] Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada [3] Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Medical University, Graz, Austria.
authors.forename: G M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Schmölzer
mesh_terms: D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature / Q000502:physiology; D007235:Infant, Premature, Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008397:Masks; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood; D011175:Positive-Pressure Respiration / Q000295:instrumentation*; D012151:Resuscitation / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D010100:Oxygen