title: Characterization of Brown spider (Loxosceles intermedia) hemolymph: cellular and biochemical analyses.
abstract: This is the first study on the hemolymph from a spider of the Loxosceles genus. These animals are responsible for a great number of envenomation cases worldwide. Several studies on Loxosceles venoms have been published, and the knowledge about the venom and its toxins is considerable, not only regarding the biological and biochemical characterization, but also regarding structural, genetic and phylogenetic approaches. However, the literature on Loxosceles hemolymph is nonexistent. The main goal of the present study was to characterize biochemically the hemolymph content, and especially, to identify its different hemocytes. Moreover, many papers have already shown molecules whose source is the hemolymph and their very interesting activities and biomedical applications, for example, antifungal and antibacterial activities. A 2D-SDS-PAGE of brown spider hemolymph showed approximately 111 spots for pH 3-10 and 150 spots for pH 4-7. A lectin-blotting assay showed that hemolymph carbohydrate residues were similar to those found in venom. Several types of TAG and DAG phospholipids were found in the hemolymph and characterized by HPTLC and mass spectrometry. Four different hemocytes were characterized in Loxosceles intermedia hemolymph: prohemocyte, plasmatocyte, granulocyte and adipohemocyte. This paper opens new possibilities on toxinology, studying an unknown biological material, and it characterizes a source of molecules with putative biotechnological applications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Biology, Federal University of Paraná, UFPR, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
authors.forename: A V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Bednaski
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Biology, Federal University of Paraná, UFPR, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Trevisan-Silva
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Biology, Federal University of Paraná, UFPR, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
authors.forename: F H
authors.initials: FH
authors.lastname: Matsubara
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Biology, Federal University of Paraná, UFPR, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Boia-Ferreira
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Biology, Federal University of Paraná, UFPR, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Olivério
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pathology, Clinical Hospital, Federal University of Paraná, Brazil.
authors.forename: L H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Gremski
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Discipline of Molecular Biology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: R P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Cavalheiro
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Laboratory of Immunochemistry of Glycoconjugates, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: D M B
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: De Paula
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Discipline of Molecular Biology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: E J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Paredes-Gamero
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Laboratory of Immunochemistry of Glycoconjugates, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: H K
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Laboratory of Immunochemistry of Glycoconjugates, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Toledo
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Discipline of Molecular Biology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: H B
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Nader
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Biology, Federal University of Paraná, UFPR, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Veiga
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Biology, Federal University of Paraná, UFPR, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
authors.forename: O M
authors.initials: OM
authors.lastname: Chaim
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Biology, Federal University of Paraná, UFPR, Curitiba, PR, Brazil. Electronic address: senffribeiro@ufpr.br.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Senff-Ribeiro
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001733:Bites and Stings / Q000473:pathology; D063287:Brown Recluse Spider; D002855:Chromatography, Thin Layer; D015180:Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D006458:Hemolymph / Q000737:chemistry*; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D010727:Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases / Q000737:chemistry*; D010802:Phylogeny; D013111:Spider Venoms / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D013111:Spider Venoms; C055161:loxosceles venom; D010727:Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases
keywords: Brown spider; Hemocytes; Hemolymph; Loxosceles intermedia