title: Presence of virulent Newcastle disease virus in vaccinated chickens in farms in Pakistan.
abstract: One year after a virulent Newcastle disease virus (vNDV) outbreak in Pakistan, the causative strain was present in vaccinated chickens of multiple farms despite the existence of high-average NDV-specific antibody titers (>4.75 log2). The data suggest a possible role of vaccinated birds as reservoirs of vNDV.
authors.affiliation: Quality Operations Laboratory (QOL), University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Shafqat Fatima
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Rehmani
authors.affiliation: Quality Operations Laboratory (QOL), University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology (IBBt), University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Abdul
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wajid
authors.affiliation: Quality Operations Laboratory (QOL), University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Tasra
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bibi
authors.affiliation: Quality Operations Laboratory (QOL), University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Bushra
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Nazir
authors.affiliation: Quality Operations Laboratory (QOL), University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Nadia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mukhtar
authors.affiliation: Poultry Disease Diagnostic Lab, Gakkhar, Gujranwala, Punjab, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Abid
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hussain
authors.affiliation: Exotic and Emerging Avian Disease Research Unit, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Athens, Georgia, USA.
authors.forename: Nazir Ahmad
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Lone
authors.affiliation: Quality Operations Laboratory (QOL), University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology (IBBt), University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Tahir
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yaqub
authors.affiliation: Exotic and Emerging Avian Disease Research Unit, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Athens, Georgia, USA claudio.afonso@ars.usda.gov.
authors.forename: Claudio L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Afonso
mesh_terms: D000383:Agriculture; D000818:Animals; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood; D002353:Carrier State / Q000662:veterinary* / Q000821:virology; D002645:Chickens / Q000821:virology*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009522:Newcastle disease virus / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D010154:Pakistan; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000235:genetics; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D012367:RNA, Viral