title: Relationship Between Amino Acid and Energy Intake and Long-Term Growth and Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in Very Low Birth Weight Infants.
abstract: Inadequate nutrition may contribute to adverse neurodevelopmental and growth outcomes in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants.
  
  
  
  A retrospective cohort study was conducted of infants born weighing <1250 g between 2009 and 2010 in a tertiary neonatal intensive care unit. The aim was to investigate whether there was a correlation between the amount of amino acid and calories received in the first 4 weeks of life and neurodevelopment and growth at 2 years.
  
  
  
  Parenteral amino acid intake in week 2 of life correlated with higher language and motor scores on the 2-year Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development Third Edition (Bayley III). Conversely, higher total amino acid intake during week 1 of life (≥1.5 g/kg/d) was associated with a shorter duration of hospitalization, shorter intensive care stay, fewer days receiving mechanical ventilation, fewer days receiving supplemental oxygen, and a lower incidence of chronic lung disease (CLD). Higher caloric intake in the first 4 weeks correlated strongly with shorter duration of hospitalization, shorter intensive care stay, fewer days on the ventilator, and fewer days receiving supplemental oxygen. In patients with CLD, week 1 and 2 parenteral and total amino acid intake correlated with higher cognitive and motor scores on the Bayley III at 2 years old. Weeks 1-4 amino acid and calorie intake correlated with fewer days on the ventilator, fewer days of supplemental oxygen, and fewer days of hospitalization.
  
  
  
  Amino acid intake within the first weeks of life correlated positively with neurodevelopmental outcomes at 2 years, and patients with CLD were found to be particularly at risk. Caloric intake may affect protein accretion.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neonatology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore Department of Paediatric Medicine, KK Women and Children's Hospital, Singapore. jingh24@yahoo.com.sg.
authors.forename: Jinghui
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Neonatology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore Department of Paediatric Medicine, KK Women and Children's Hospital, Singapore.
authors.forename: Serena Su Ying
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Department of Neonatology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore.
authors.forename: Woei Bing
authors.initials: WB
authors.lastname: Poon
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000596:Amino Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001724:Birth Weight; D003071:Cognition; D002149:Energy Intake; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature; D019102:Infant, Very Low Birth Weight / Q000254:growth & development*; D007363:Intensive Care Units, Neonatal; D007902:Length of Stay; D008171:Lung Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control; D008297:Male; D000068079:Motor Disorders / Q000517:prevention & control; D009420:Nervous System / Q000254:growth & development; D065886:Neurodevelopmental Disorders / Q000517:prevention & control*; D010288:Parenteral Nutrition; D012121:Respiration, Artificial; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids
keywords: enteral nutrition; neonates; nutrition assessment; parenteral nutrition; pediatrics; proteins