title: Height, weight, and age predict quadriceps tendon length and thickness in skeletally immature patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Quadriceps tendon autografts have been used with success in adults and are becoming a popular graft option in pediatric patients because of size, decreased donor site morbidity, ease of harvest, and favorable biomechanical characteristics. However, little is known about the length and thickness of the quadriceps tendon in pediatric patients.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to determine whether quadriceps tendon length and thickness follow a predictable pattern of development based on height, weight, age, and body mass index in skeletally immature patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3.
  
  
  METHODS
  The height, weight, age, and sex of 151 children between 4 and 16 years old were recorded. Ultrasound measurements of the length and thickness of bilateral quadriceps tendons were performed by a single technician and recorded for statistical analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The average quadriceps tendon length and thickness were 6.87 ± 1.49 cm and 0.37 ± 0.12 cm, respectively. Tendon length averaged 3.89 cm at age 4 years and 7.98 cm at 16 years, whereas thickness averaged 0.24 cm at 4 years and 0.40 cm at 16 years of age. There was no significant difference in tendon length or thickness between males and females (P = .97). Tendon length and thickness increased significantly with age, weight, and height (P < .01 for all).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The quadriceps tendon is of sufficient length and thickness to be used as an autograft for pediatric patients. The size of the graft is predictable using the age, height, and weight of the patient. Graft length and thickness can be easily confirmed using ultrasound.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA danetodd@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Dane C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Todd
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
authors.forename: Alexander D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Ghasem
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
authors.forename: John W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Xerogeanes
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D064592:Autografts; D001827:Body Height / Q000502:physiology*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001835:Body Weight / Q000502:physiology*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D052097:Quadriceps Muscle / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D013710:Tendons / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000637:transplantation; D014182:Transplantation, Autologous / Q000379:methods
keywords: anterior cruciate ligament; pediatric; quadriceps tendon; skeletally immature; ultrasound