title: The retino-retinal projection: Tracing retinal ganglion cells projecting to the contralateral retina.
abstract: We investigated the presence of a direct retino-retinal (R-R) projection between the two eyes via the optic chiasm of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) in adult Long-Evans rats. We also explored the presence of collateral projections originating from these cells to the brain. In the first group of animals, right optic nerves (ONs) were orbitally transected approximately 2mm behind the globe followed by application of fluorochrome (2% Fluorogold [FG]) to the optic nerve stump to retrogradely label the R-R projection RGCs (R-RGCs) on the contralateral side. Animals were then sacrificed after 3, 5, 7, or 21 days. Contralateral retinas were fixed, whole-mounted, and imaged for R-RGCs. In a second group of animals, RGCs were retrogradely labeled with 15% rhodamine-β-isothiocynate (RITC) at the superior colliculi, where approximately 96% of rat RGCs synapse. Seven days later, the right ONs were transected and 2% FG applied to the proximal and distal ON stumps. Animals were then sacrificed after 5 days. Contralateral retinas were examined for co-labeled (RITC/FG) RGCs. Control rats underwent the same procedures excluding fluorescent tracer application. In the first group of animals, the number of R-RGCs in the contralateral eye ranged from 3 to 25 and did not depend on survival time. The second group of animals revealed evidence of co-labeled contralateral RGCs. Results suggest that a greater number of R-RGCs persist into adulthood than previously reported [M. Müller, H. Holländer, 1988]. Furthermore, the presence of co-labeled RGCs in the contralateral eye indicates that in adult rodents some R-R projections have a collateral projection to the brain, whereas previous reports had only found collateral projections in newborns.
authors.affiliation: Retina and Optic Nerve Research Laboratory, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada; Clinical Vision Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
authors.forename: Vanessa K
authors.initials: VK
authors.lastname: Avellaneda-Chevrier
authors.affiliation: Retina and Optic Nerve Research Laboratory, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada; Physiology and Biophysics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada; Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
authors.forename: Xu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Retina and Optic Nerve Research Laboratory, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada; Physiology and Biophysics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada; Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
authors.forename: Michele L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Hooper
authors.affiliation: Retina and Optic Nerve Research Laboratory, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada; Physiology and Biophysics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada; Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada. Electronic address: bal@dal.ca.
authors.forename: Balwantray C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Chauhan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000502:physiology; D020318:Rats, Long-Evans; D012160:Retina / Q000502:physiology*; D012165:Retinal Ganglion Cells / Q000502:physiology*
keywords: Adult Long-Evans rats; Fluorescent cell labeling; Optic nerve transection; Retinal ganglion cells (RGCs); Retino–retinal projection