title: Observations on Prostaglandin Orbitopathy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To present the various orbital soft-tissue changes that can result from the use of topical prostaglandin analogs.
  
  
  METHODS
  A case series of patients seen in a referral oculoplastic practice with presumed prostaglandin orbitopathy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty-five patients were found to have a variety of disorders, including deepening of the superior sulci (24/35), hypertrichosis (32/35), periocular erythema (24/35), and meibomian gland dysfunction (18/35). Marginal eyelid thinning with posterior migration of the lash line was commonly present (34/35). Increased eyelid margin tension with horizontal eyelid shortening (32/35) was often associated with lateral canthal deformity or displacement (15/35). Lower eyelid retraction (18/35) seemed to contribute to ptosis in some patients, secondary to apparent tethering at the lateral canthus. Functional conditions resulting from the above structural abnormalities included tractional ptosis (n = 4), cicatricial entropion (n = 3), cicatricial ectropion (n = 2), trichiasis (n = 2), eyelid subluxation (n = 1), and chalazia (n = 1).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  While topical prostaglandin analogs are well-tolerated by many patients with glaucoma, some individuals using these medications develop structural changes of the orbital soft tissue resulting in a variety of cosmetic and functional eyelid disorders. The eyelid margins can thin, causing posterior migration of the lashes. Increased horizontal tension of the eyelids may result in acquired blepharophimosis and upper or lower eyelid malposition. These orbital changes may be partially reversible in some patients. When possible, it is reasonable to withhold the prostaglandin and allow a period of observation before proceeding with surgical correction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, U.S.A.
authors.forename: Philip L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Custer
authors.forename: Tiffany L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Kent
mesh_terms: D000287:Administration, Topical; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000009:adverse effects; D005140:Eyelashes / Q000187:drug effects*; D005141:Eyelid Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000175:diagnosis; D005260:Female; D005901:Glaucoma / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D006983:Hypertrichosis / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000175:diagnosis; D008297:Male; D008537:Meibomian Glands / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D008875:Middle Aged; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions; D009916:Orbital Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000175:diagnosis; D011455:Prostaglandins A, Synthetic / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions; D011455:Prostaglandins A, Synthetic