title: Protective effects of various dosage of Curcumin against morphine induced apoptosis and oxidative stress in rat isolated hippocampus.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  During recent years, the defensive role of Curcumin against oxidative stress and apoptosis has been experimentally documented. Long term consumption of morphine induces apoptosis and oxidative stress which may cause serious damage to brain cells. To investigate whether Curcumin could protect rat's hippocampus against morphine induced destruction, we assessed isolated hippocampus cells for oxidative stress, anti oxidant factor and apoptotic factor activities.
  
  
  METHODS
  For this, 40 adult male rats were taken and randomly allocated to one of the five groups. Groups 1 and 2 received morphine (45 mg/kg) and normal saline (0.2 ml/rat) respectively for four weeks. Groups 3, 4 and 5 concurrently were treated with morphine (45 mg/kg, sc) and Curcumin (10, 20 and 40 mg/kg) for four weeks.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results showed that morphine significantly increased lipid peroxidation, mitochondrial GSH level, concentration of Bax; caspase-3 and caspase-9 activities while decreasing Bcl-2 concentration. Further, a significant decrease in superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activity was also observed. Various dosage of Curcumin attenuated these effects by significantly lowering lipid peroxidation, GSSG level, Bax concentration, caspase-3 and caspase-9 activities, while increasing superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activity, GSH level and Bcl-2 concentration.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings have demonstrated that Curcumin can act as an antioxidant and antiapoptotic agent against damage induced by morphine dependence.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Electronic address: M-motaghinejad@razi.tums.ac.ir.
authors.forename: Majid
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Motaghinejad
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Morteza
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Karimian
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Ozra
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Motaghinejad
authors.affiliation: Solid Dosage Form Department, Iran Hormone Pharmaceutical Company, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Behnaz
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Shabab
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Iraj
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Yazdani
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Sulail
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fatima
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D003474:Curcumin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D009020:Morphine / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D051381:Rats
chemical_list: D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D009020:Morphine; D003474:Curcumin
keywords: Apoptosis; Curcumin; Morphine; Oxidative stress