title: Analysis of the Bovine Monocyte-Derived Macrophage Response to Mycobacterium avium Subspecies Paratuberculosis Infection Using RNA-seq.
abstract: Johne's disease, caused by infection with Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, (MAP), is a chronic intestinal disease of ruminants with serious economic consequences for cattle production in the United States and elsewhere. During infection, MAP bacilli are phagocytosed and subvert host macrophage processes, resulting in subclinical infections that can lead to immunopathology and dissemination of disease. Analysis of the host macrophage transcriptome during infection can therefore shed light on the molecular mechanisms and host-pathogen interplay associated with Johne's disease. Here, we describe results of an in vitro study of the bovine monocyte-derived macrophage (MDM) transcriptome response during MAP infection using RNA-seq. MDM were obtained from seven age- and sex-matched Holstein-Friesian cattle and were infected with MAP across a 6-h infection time course with non-infected controls. We observed 245 and 574 differentially expressed (DE) genes in MAP-infected versus non-infected control samples (adjusted P value ≤0.05) at 2 and 6 h post-infection, respectively. Functional analyses of these DE genes, including biological pathway enrichment, highlighted potential functional roles for genes that have not been previously described in the host response to infection with MAP bacilli. In addition, differential expression of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine genes, such as those associated with the IL-10 signaling pathway, and other immune-related genes that encode proteins involved in the bovine macrophage response to MAP infection emphasize the balance between protective host immunity and bacilli survival and proliferation. Systematic comparisons of RNA-seq gene expression results with Affymetrix(®) microarray data generated from the same experimental samples also demonstrated that RNA-seq represents a superior technology for studying host transcriptional responses to intracellular infection.
authors.affiliation: Animal Genomics Laboratory, UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin , Dublin , Ireland ; Animal and Bioscience Research Department, Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Teagasc , Dunsany , Ireland.
authors.forename: Maura E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Casey
authors.affiliation: Animal and Bioscience Research Department, Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Teagasc , Dunsany , Ireland.
authors.forename: Kieran G
authors.initials: KG
authors.lastname: Meade
authors.affiliation: Animal Genomics Laboratory, UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin , Dublin , Ireland.
authors.forename: Nicolas C
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Nalpas
authors.affiliation: Biological Agents Unit, Health and Safety Executive , Leeds , UK.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Taraktsoglou
authors.affiliation: Animal Genomics Laboratory, UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin , Dublin , Ireland.
authors.forename: John A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Browne
authors.affiliation: Animal Genomics Laboratory, UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin , Dublin , Ireland ; Systems Biology Ireland, UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin , Dublin , Ireland.
authors.forename: Kate E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Killick
authors.affiliation: Animal Genomics Laboratory, UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin , Dublin , Ireland.
authors.forename: Stephen D E
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Tuberculosis Diagnostics and Immunology Research Centre, UCD School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin , Dublin , Ireland.
authors.forename: Eamonn
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gormley
authors.affiliation: Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin , Dublin , Ireland.
authors.forename: Karsten
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hokamp
authors.affiliation: Animal Genomics Laboratory, UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin , Dublin , Ireland.
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Magee
authors.affiliation: Animal Genomics Laboratory, UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin , Dublin , Ireland ; UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin , Dublin , Ireland.
authors.forename: David E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: MacHugh
keywords: Johne’s disease; Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis; RNA-sequencing; cattle; immune response; macrophage; microarray; transcriptome