title: Hibiscus sabdariffa leaf polyphenolic extract induces human melanoma cell death, apoptosis, and autophagy.
abstract: Melanoma is the least common but most fatal form of skin cancer. Previous studies have indicated that an aqueous extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa leaves possess hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, and antioxidant effects. In this study, we want to investigate the anticancer activity of Hibiscus leaf polyphenolic (HLP) extract in melanoma cells. First, HLP was exhibited to be rich in epicatechin gallate (ECG) and other polyphenols. Apoptotic and autophagic activities of HLP and ECG were further evaluated by DAPI stain, cell-cycle analysis, and acidic vascular organelle (AVO) stain. Our results revealed that both HLP and ECG induced the caspases cleavages, Bcl-2 family proteins regulation, and Fas/FasL activation in A375 cells. In addition, we also revealed that the cells presented AVO-positive after HLP treatments. HLP could increase the expressions of autophagy-related proteins autophagy-related gene 5 (ATG5), Beclin1, and light chain 3-II (LC3-II), and induce autophagic cell death in A375 cells. These data indicated that the anticancer effect of HLP, partly contributed by ECG, in A375 cells. HLP potentially could be developed as an antimelanoma agent.
authors.affiliation: Inst. of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical Univ, No. 110, Sec. 1, Chien Kuo N. Rd., Taichung, 402, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chun-Tang
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Chiu
authors.forename: Shu-Wen
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Hsuan
authors.forename: Hui-Hsuan
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Cheng-Chin
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.forename: Fen-Pi
authors.initials: FP
authors.lastname: Chou
authors.forename: Jing-Hsien
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D001343:Autophagy / Q000187:drug effects; D000071187:Autophagy-Related Protein 5; D000071186:Beclin-1; D020169:Caspases / Q000378:metabolism; D002392:Catechin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D031584:Hibiscus / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D008545:Melanoma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry; D059808:Polyphenols / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000378:metabolism; D019014:fas Receptor / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C502778:ATG5 protein, human; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D000975:Antioxidants; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; D000071187:Autophagy-Related Protein 5; C000595707:BCL2 protein, human; C491997:BECN1 protein, human; D000071186:Beclin-1; C491901:FAS protein, human; C477012:MAP1LC3A protein, human; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins; D010936:Plant Extracts; D059808:Polyphenols; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D019014:fas Receptor; D002392:Catechin; C062669:epicatechin gallate; D020169:Caspases
keywords: Hibiscus sabdariffa leaf; apoptosis; autophagy; epicatechin gallate; melanoma; polyphenol