title: The activity of isolated neurons and the modulatory state of an isolated nervous system represent a recent behavioural state.
abstract: Behavioural/motivational state is known to influence nearly all aspects of physiology and behaviour. The cellular basis of behavioural state control is only partially understood. Our investigation, performed on the pond snail Lymnaea stagnalis whose nervous system is useful for work on completely isolated neurons, provided several results related to this problem. First, we demonstrated that the behavioural state can produce long-term changes in individual neurons that persist even after neuron isolation from the nervous system. Specifically, we found that pedal serotonergic neurons that control locomotion show higher activity and lower membrane potential after being isolated from the nervous systems of hungry animals. Second, we showed that the modulatory state (the chemical neuroactive microenvironment of the central ganglia) changes in accordance with the nutritional state of an animal and produces predicted changes in single isolated locomotor neurons. Third, we report that observed hunger-induced effects can be explained by the increased synthesis of serotonin in pedal serotonergic neurons, which has an impact on the electrical activity of isolated serotonergic neurons and the intensity of extrasynaptic serotonin release from the pedal ganglia.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119334, Russia dyakonova.varvara@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Varvara E
authors.initials: VE
authors.lastname: Dyakonova
authors.affiliation: Balaton Limnological Institute, MTA Centre for Ecological Research, Tihany H-8237, Hungary.
authors.forename: Laszlo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hernádi
authors.affiliation: Kagawa School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Shido, Sanuki 769-2193, Japan.
authors.forename: Etsuro
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.affiliation: Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119334, Russia.
authors.forename: Taisia L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Dyakonova
authors.affiliation: Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119334, Russia.
authors.forename: Ilya A
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Chistopolsky
authors.affiliation: Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119334, Russia.
authors.forename: Igor S
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Zakharov
authors.affiliation: Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119334, Russia.
authors.forename: Dmitri A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Sakharov
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005508:Food Deprivation / Q000502:physiology; D008124:Locomotion / Q000502:physiology; D008195:Lymnaea / Q000502:physiology*; D008564:Membrane Potentials; D009424:Nervous System Physiological Phenomena; D009474:Neurons / Q000502:physiology*; D012701:Serotonin / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D012701:Serotonin
keywords: Extrasynaptic release; Lymnaea stagnalis; Neuromodulation; Neurotransmitter synthesis; Serotonergic neuron; Volume transmission