title: Angiotensin II causes cellular proliferation in infantile haemangioma via angiotensin II receptor 2 activation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effect of the angiotensin peptides and their agonists and antagonists on cellular proliferation in proliferating infantile haemangioma (IH) in vitro explants.
  
  
  METHODS
  Proliferating IH samples from six patients were cultured in vitro in the presence of angiotensin I (ATI) alone, or AT1 and the ACE inhibitor, ramipril, or ATII alone, or ATII with the ATII receptor 1 (ATIIR1) blocker, losartan, or ATII with the ATIIR2 blocker, PD123319, or the ATIIR2 agonist, CGP42112. After 6 days in culture, the IH tissue pieces were harvested, formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded. The effect of each treatment type on cellular proliferation was evaluated by immunohistochemical staining of these tissue pieces using the proliferation marker, Ki67.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a significant increase in cellular proliferation in the ATI and ATII treated IH tissues compared with control samples. Their effect on cellular proliferation was reduced by adding ramipril and PD123319, respectively. CGP42112, but not losartan, significantly increased cellular proliferation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings suggest a key regulatory role of ATI and ATII in promoting cellular proliferation in IH, and establish a role for ACE and ATIIR2 in the proliferation of this tumour.
authors.affiliation: Gillies McIndoe Research Institute, Wellington, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Tinte
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Itinteang
authors.affiliation: Gillies McIndoe Research Institute, Wellington, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Reginald
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Marsh
authors.affiliation: Gillies McIndoe Research Institute, Wellington, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Paul Frank
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.affiliation: Gillies McIndoe Research Institute, Wellington, New Zealand Centre for the Study & Treatment of Vascular Birthmarks, Wellington Regional Plastic Maxillofacial and Burns Unit, Hutt Hospital, Wellington, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Swee Thong
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Tan
mesh_terms: D000803:Angiotensin I / Q000494:pharmacology; D000804:Angiotensin II / Q000494:pharmacology*; D047228:Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers / Q000494:pharmacology; D057912:Angiotensin II Type 2 Receptor Blockers / Q000494:pharmacology; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects*; D006391:Hemangioma / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen / Q000378:metabolism; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A / Q000378:metabolism; D044140:Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1 / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D044139:Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 2 / Q000819:agonists* / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D046509:Tissue Culture Techniques
chemical_list: C544065:AGTR1 protein, human; D047228:Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers; D057912:Angiotensin II Type 2 Receptor Blockers; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen; D044140:Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1; D044139:Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 2; D000804:Angiotensin II; D000803:Angiotensin I; C488034:ACE protein, human; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A
keywords: HISTOPATHOLOGY; IMMUNOCYTOCHEMISTRY; KI 67