title: Surgical results of strabismus correction in patients with myelomeningocele.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Myelomeningocele is one of the most common birth defects. It is associated with severe neurological deficiencies, and ocular changes, such as strabismus, are very common. The purpose of this study was to describe indications for strabismus surgery in patients with myelomeningocele and to evaluate the results achieved with surgical correction.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively reviewed records of all patients with myelomeningocele who underwent surgery for strabismus correction in a 5-year period in an institution for disabled children.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The main indications for strabismus surgery were esotropia and A-pattern anisotropia. Excellent surgical results were achieved in 60.9% of patients, satisfactory in 12.2%, and unsatisfactory in 26.9%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients with myelomeningocele and strabismus had a high incidence of esotropia and A-pattern anisotropia. Strabismus surgery in these patients had an elevated percentage of excellent and satisfactory results, not only for the ocular deviation, but also for improvement of head posture.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Paulista School of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Dayane Cristine
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Issaho
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Paulista School of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marcia Keiko Uyeno
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Tabuse
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Paulista School of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Nilce Tiemi Shiwaku
authors.initials: NT
authors.lastname: Kamida
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Paulista School of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Monica Fialho
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Cronemberger
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D016880:Anisotropy; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004948:Esotropia / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008591:Meningomyelocele / Q000150:complications*; D009801:Oculomotor Muscles / Q000601:surgery; D011184:Postoperative Period; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013285:Strabismus / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery*; D058971:Tenotomy / Q000379:methods; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014787:Vision Tests; D014792:Visual Acuity