title: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in African- and European-American women: morbidity, mortality and healthcare utilization in the USA.
abstract: The impact of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is increasing in US women. In 2008-2010, an estimated 7.9 million US women were living with COPD. Chronic lower respiratory disease was the third leading cause of mortality in 2010 and was a major cause of morbidity. Its economic and social burden is both substantial and increasing in the USA. The annual number of COPD deaths is now higher in women than in men. In 2011, 72,584 women and 65,920 men aged 25 years and over died of COPD. The death rate in African-American women was only half compared with European-American women. Further, rates of COPD prevalence, emergency room visits and hospitalization were greater among women than men. This review reports the latest patterns and trends in several measures of COPD in US women.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC, 20060, USA.
authors.forename: Alem
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mehari
authors.forename: Richard F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Gillum
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American; D017677:Age Distribution; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002423:Cause of Death; D015897:Comorbidity; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006295:Health Resources / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D054624:Health Status Disparities; D054625:Healthcare Disparities; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D011379:Prognosis; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy; D012307:Risk Factors; D017678:Sex Distribution; D012737:Sex Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D044465:White People
keywords: chronic bronchitis; chronic obstructive; disease frequency; healthcare; pulmonary disease; pulmonary emphysema; surveys