title: Biodegradable nanocomposite coatings accelerate bone healing: In vivo evaluation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study was to evaluate the interaction of bioactive and biodegradable poly (lactide-co-glycolide)/bioactive glass/hydroxyapatite (PBGHA) and poly (lactide-co-glycolide)/bioactive glass (PBG) nanocomposite coatings with bone.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sol-gel derived 58S bioactive glass nanoparticles, 50/50 wt% poly (lactic acid)/poly (glycolic acid) and hydroxyapatite nanoparticles were used to prepare the coatings. The nanocomposite coatings were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and atomic force microscopy. Mechanical stability of the prepared nanocomposite coatings was studied during intramedullary implantation of coated Kirschner wires (K-wires) into rabbit tibia. Titanium mini-screws coated with nanocomposite coatings and without coating were implanted intramedullary in rabbit tibia. Bone tissue interaction with the prepared nanocomposite coatings was evaluated 30 and 60 days after surgery. The non-parametric paired Friedman and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used to compare the samples. For all tests, the level of significance was P < 0.05.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results showed that nanocomposite coatings remained stable on the K-wires with a minimum of 96% of the original coating mass. Tissue around the coated implants showed no adverse reactions to the coatings. Woven and trabecular bone formation were observed around the coated samples with a minimum inflammatory reaction. PBG nanocomposite coating induced more rapid bone healing than PBGHA nanocomposite coating and titanium without coating (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It was concluded that PBG nanocomposite coating provides an ideal surface for bone formation and it could be used as a candidate for coating dental and orthopedic implants.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran.
authors.forename: Mehdi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mehdikhani-Nahrkhalaji
authors.affiliation: Dental Materials Research Center, Department of Materials Engineering, Biomaterials Group, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad Hossein
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Fathi
authors.affiliation: Torabinejad Dental Research Center, Department of Operative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
authors.forename: Vajihesadat
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Mortazavi
authors.affiliation: Torabinejad Dental Research Center, Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
authors.forename: Sayed Behrouz
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Mousavi
authors.affiliation: Dental Materials Research Center, Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Akhavan
authors.affiliation: Dental Implant Research Center, Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
authors.forename: Abbas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Haghighat
authors.affiliation: Dental Materials Research Center, Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
authors.forename: Batool
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hashemi-Beni
authors.affiliation: Dental Implant Research Center, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
authors.forename: Sayed Mohammad
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Razavi
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Fatemeh
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mashhadiabbas
keywords: Bioactive; biocompatibility; biodegradable; nanocomposite coating; surgery