title: Hybrid pharmacological and ablative therapy for the management of symptomatic atrial fibrillation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hybrid therapy for atrial fibrillation class 1C and class III antiarrhythmic drugs (AAD) can convert atrial fibrillation (AF) into an isthmus-dependent atrial flutter (AFL) in more than 10% of patients. Hybrid pharmacological and ablative therapy offers a safe and effective approach to achieving and maintaining sinus rhythm. We evaluated the efficacy of this hybrid approach in the management of paroxysmal or persistent AF.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighteen patients with symptomatic AF treated with AAD and typical anticlockwise/clockwise AFL underwent radiofrequency (RF) ablation of AFL with an anatomical approach.
  
  
  RESULTS
  RF ablation was successful in all patients. All but one patient continued with AAD. Four patients (22%) had recurrences of AFL. Two of them also had a recurrence of AF. Another three patients had recurrences of AF only, and finally, one patient developed an atrial tachycardia more than one year after the procedure. In conclusion, 11 patients (61%) did not experience recurrences of AF/AFL after tricuspid valve annulus (TV)-inferior caval vein (IVC) isthmus ablation with continuing antiarrhythmic drugs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hybrid pharmacological and ablative therapy is a safe and effective treatment for the management of patients with symptomatic AF.
authors.forename: G P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Kimman
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Szili-Torok
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nieuwdorp
authors.forename: D A M J
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Theuns
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Scholten
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Jordaens
keywords: atrial fibrillation; hybrid therapy