title: Bioactivity and bone healing properties of biomimetic porous composite scaffold: in vitro and in vivo studies.
abstract: Tissue engineering (TE) represents a valid alternative to traditional surgical therapies for the management of bone defects that do not regenerate spontaneously. Scaffolds, one of the most important component of TE strategy, should be biocompatible, bioactive, osteoconductive, and osteoinductive. The aim of this study was to evaluate the biological properties and bone regeneration ability of a porous poly(ɛ-caprolactone) (PCL) scaffold, incorporating MgCO3 -doped hydroxyapatite particles, uncoated (PCL_MgCHA) or coated by apatite-like crystals via biomimetic treatment (PCL_MgCHAB). It was observed that both scaffolds are not cytotoxic and, even if cell viability was similar on both scaffolds, PCL_MgCHAB showed higher alkaline phosphatase and collagen I (COLL I) production at day 7. PCL_MgCHA induced more tumor necrosis factor-α release than PCL_MgCHAB, while osteocalcin was produced less by both scaffolds up to 7 days and no significant differences were observed for transforming growth factor-β synthesis. The percentage of new bone trabeculae growth in wide defects carried out in rabbit femoral distal epiphyses was significantly higher in PCL_MgCHAB in comparison with PCL_MgCHA at 4 weeks and even more at 12 weeks after implantation. This study highlighted the role of a biomimetic composite scaffold in bone regeneration and lays the foundations for its future employment in the clinical practice.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Preclinical and Surgical Studies, Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Bologna, 40136, Italy.
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Veronesi
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Preclinical and Surgical Studies, Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Bologna, 40136, Italy.|Laboratory of Biocompatibility, Technological Innovations, and Advanced Therapies (BITTA), RIT Department, Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Bologna, 40136, Italy.
authors.forename: Gianluca
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Giavaresi
authors.affiliation: National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Polymers, Composite and Biomaterials, Naples, 801025, Italy.
authors.forename: Vincenzo
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Guarino
authors.affiliation: National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Polymers, Composite and Biomaterials, Naples, 801025, Italy.
authors.forename: Maria Grazia
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Raucci
authors.affiliation: National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Science and Technology for Ceramics, Faenza (RA), Italy.
authors.forename: Monica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sandri
authors.affiliation: National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Science and Technology for Ceramics, Faenza (RA), Italy.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tampieri
authors.affiliation: National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Polymers, Composite and Biomaterials, Naples, 801025, Italy.
authors.forename: Luigi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ambrosio
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Preclinical and Surgical Studies, Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Bologna, 40136, Italy.|Laboratory of Biocompatibility, Technological Innovations, and Advanced Therapies (BITTA), RIT Department, Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Bologna, 40136, Italy.
authors.forename: Milena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fini
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001031:Apatites / Q000737:chemistry; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry; D040761:Biomimetic Materials / Q000737:chemistry*; D001861:Bone Regeneration; D018786:Bone Substitutes / Q000737:chemistry*; D002460:Cell Line; D017102:Fracture Healing; D050723:Fractures, Bone / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D006882:Hydroxyapatites / Q000737:chemistry; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008297:Male; D008422:Materials Testing; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D011091:Polyesters / Q000737:chemistry; D016062:Porosity; D011817:Rabbits; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D001031:Apatites; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D018786:Bone Substitutes; D006882:Hydroxyapatites; D011091:Polyesters; C586530:magnesium carbonate apatite; C016240:polycaprolactone
keywords: biomaterials; bone cells; bone regeneration; composite scaffolds; histomorphometry