title: Prognostic Significance of CD44v6, CD133, CD166, and ALDH1 Expression in Small Intestinal Adenocarcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Small intestinal adenocarcinoma (SIAC) is a rare human malignant tumor. According to the cancer stem cell (CSC) hypothesis, only a small subpopulation of tumor cells has the ability to initiate and increase tumor growth. CD44v6, CD133, CD166, and ALDH1 have been proposed to be putative CSC markers in gastrointestinal malignancies. However, their implications in SIAC still remain unclear. We aimed to investigate the expressions of CD44v6, CD133, CD166, and ALDH1 and evaluate their relationships with clinicopathologic parameters including the survival data in SIACs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Immunohistochemical analysis for CD44, CD133, CD166, and ALDH1 was performed using tissue microarrays for 191 surgically resected SIACs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CD44v6, CD133, CD166, and ALDH1 expression was found in 25 (13.5%), 58 (30.7%), 82 (44.1%), and 63 (33.3%) cases, respectively. CD44v6(+) was correlated with vascular tumor invasion (P=0.023). CD133(+) was marginally correlated with the histologic subtype of the tumors (P=0.085). Combined CD44v6(+)/CD133(+) was observed in 11 (5.9%) and was associated with a significantly worse survival rate by univariate (P=0.016) and multivariate (P=0.048; Cox hazard ratio, 2.403) analyses. .
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Evaluation of the combined CD133 and CD44v6 expression could be a useful tool for predicting a poor outcome in patients with SIAC.
authors.affiliation: *Department of Pathology, Gangneung Asan Hospital †Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine ∥Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul ‡Bundang CHA Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam §Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea.
authors.forename: Dae-Woon
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Eom
authors.forename: Seung-Mo
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.forename: Gwangil
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Young Kyung
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Bae
authors.forename: Kee-Taek
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Jang
authors.forename: Eunsil
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Yu
mesh_terms: D000071916:AC133 Antigen; D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000378:metabolism / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D000080924:Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 1 Family; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D015816:Cell Adhesion Molecules, Neuronal / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D004379:Duodenal Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D005326:Fetal Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D006801:Humans; D018960:Hyaluronan Receptors / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D007580:Jejunal Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D010455:Peptides; D050697:Retinal Dehydrogenase / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D015996:Survival Rate; D020410:Activated-Leukocyte Cell Adhesion Molecule
chemical_list: D000071916:AC133 Antigen; D000080924:Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 1 Family; D015703:Antigens, CD; D015816:Cell Adhesion Molecules, Neuronal; D005326:Fetal Proteins; D006023:Glycoproteins; D018960:Hyaluronan Receptors; D007527:Isoenzymes; D010455:Peptides; D050697:Retinal Dehydrogenase; C105613:ALCAM protein, human; D020410:Activated-Leukocyte Cell Adhesion Molecule; C112697:CD44v6 antigen; C000606023:PROM1 protein, human; C510223:ALDH1A1 protein, human