title: Stress and burnout in anaesthesia: a real world problem?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Stress and burnout have arisen as relevant problems to the healthcare workers and the health systems themselves. As anaesthesiologists work in stressful areas of the hospitals, we are exposed to these problems. In this review, we summarize recent studies regarding stress and burnout, exploring possible solutions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Almost 50% of anaesthesiologists scored positive for some of the burnout domains in different surveys, with one-third reporting high levels. The management of this problem not only needs an institutional but also an individual approach. Some recent randomized clinical trials and longitudinal studies suggest that there is some benefit of using several techniques to control stress, although benefits are still modest and most of the studies are based on transversal surveys and self-reported questionnaires.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is a lack of definitive evidence to guide the management of stress and burnout in medical professions in general and in anaesthesiology in particular. Longitudinal and interventional studies are needed to better determine ways of action. In the meantime, creating a positive work climate and institutional support as well as promoting control over one's job and the autonomy of employees are the most recommended strategies. Workers should also learn how to cope with stressors and practice personal strategies of wellness and resilience to fight against burnout.
authors.affiliation: aDepartment of Anaesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruña, Coruña, Spain bDepartment of Anaesthesia and Critical Care, University Hospital of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Pablo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rama-Maceiras
authors.forename: Johanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jokinen
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kranke
mesh_terms: D000758:Anesthesia; D000776:Anesthesiology; D002055:Burnout, Professional / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy; D006282:Health Personnel; D006801:Humans; D010820:Physicians; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy; D000078329:Workforce