title: Simple, benign, aqueous-based amination of polycarbonate surfaces.
abstract: Polycarbonate is a desirable material for many applications due to its favorable mechanical and optical properties. Here, we report a simple, safe, environmentally friendly aqueous method that uses diamines to functionalize a polycarbonate surface with amino groups. The use of water as the solvent for the functionalization ensures that solvent induced swelling does not affect the optical or mechanical properties of the polycarbonate. We characterize the efficacy of the surface amination using X-ray photo spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and contact angle measurements. Furthermore, we demonstrate the ability of this facile method to serve as a foundation upon which other functionalities may be attached, including antifouling coatings and oriented membrane proteins.
authors.affiliation: †Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Sandia National Laboratories, PO Box 5800, MS 1303, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87111, United States.
authors.forename: Virginia
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: VanDelinder
authors.affiliation: ‡Biosensors and Nanomaterials, Sandia National Laboratories, PO Box 5800, MS 1141, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87111, United States.
authors.forename: David R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Wheeler
authors.affiliation: §Electronic, Optical, and Nano Materials, Sandia National Laboratories, PO Box 5800, MS 1411, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87111, United States.
authors.forename: Leo J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Small
authors.affiliation: ∥Materials Characterization and Performance, Sandia National Laboratories, PO Box 5800, MS 0886, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87111, United States.
authors.forename: Michael T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Brumbach
authors.affiliation: §Electronic, Optical, and Nano Materials, Sandia National Laboratories, PO Box 5800, MS 1411, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87111, United States.
authors.forename: Erik D
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Spoerke
authors.affiliation: †Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Sandia National Laboratories, PO Box 5800, MS 1303, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87111, United States.
authors.forename: Ian
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Henderson
authors.affiliation: †Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Sandia National Laboratories, PO Box 5800, MS 1303, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87111, United States.
authors.forename: George D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Bachand
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D000586:Amination; D000588:Amines / Q000737:chemistry*; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible / Q000138:chemical synthesis*; D008422:Materials Testing; D011076:Polycarboxylate Cement / Q000737:chemistry*; D013499:Surface Properties; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000588:Amines; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D011076:Polycarboxylate Cement; D014867:Water; C005506:polycarbonate
keywords: aminated surface; antibiofouling; bacteriorhodopsin; functionalized surface; polycarbonate; surface chemistry