title: Laboratory methods to detect antiphospholipid antibodies.
abstract: This chapter reviews several important themes pertaining to the antiphospholipid syndrome (APS), including a description of the clinical features, a discussion of the main autoantigen, beta 2-glycoprotein I (β2GPI), and insights into the characteristics of the pathogenic anti-β2GPI autoantibodies. Evidence-based considerations for when to test for APS are explored, along with the clinical significance of patients testing positive on multiple APS assays, so-called triple positivity. A detailed review of recently published laboratory guidelines for the detection of lupus anticoagulant and the solid-phase anticardiolipin and anti-β2GPI ELISAs is undertaken. Finally, a brief review of nonclassification criteria laboratory assays with potential future diagnostic utility is presented.
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases, Immunology, and Sexual Health and Department of Medicine, St George Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Kogarah, New South Wales, Australia.
authors.forename: Steven A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Krilis
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases, Immunology, and Sexual Health and Department of Rheumatology, St George Hospital, Kogarah, New South Wales, Australia; and Department of Medicine, St George Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Kogarah, New South Wales, Australia.
authors.forename: Bill
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Giannakopoulos
mesh_terms: D017152:Antibodies, Antiphospholipid / Q000032:analysis*; D016736:Antiphospholipid Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis; D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000276:immunology; D019411:Clinical Laboratory Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D016682:Lupus Coagulation Inhibitor / Q000032:analysis; D053482:beta 2-Glycoprotein I / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D017152:Antibodies, Antiphospholipid; D001323:Autoantibodies; D016682:Lupus Coagulation Inhibitor; D053482:beta 2-Glycoprotein I