title: Oral bisphosphonate use and risk of postmenopausal endometrial cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Bisphosphonates are common medications used for the treatment of osteoporosis and are also used to reduce metastases to bone in patients with cancer. Several studies, including the Women's Health Initiative (WHI), have found that use of bisphosphonates is associated with reduced risk of developing breast cancer, but less is known about associations with other common malignancies. This study was aimed at examining the effects of bisphosphonates on the risk of endometrial cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  We evaluated the relationship between use of oral bisphosphonates and endometrial cancer risk in a cohort of 89,918 postmenopausal women participating in the WHI. A detailed health interview was conducted at baseline, and bisphosphonate use was ascertained from an inventory of regularly used medications at baseline and over follow-up. All women had an intact uterus at the time of study entry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During a median follow-up of 12.5 years, 1,123 women were diagnosed with incident invasive endometrial cancer. Ever use of bisphosphonates was associated with reduced endometrial cancer risk (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.64 to 1.00; P = .05), with no interactions observed with age, body mass index, or indication for use.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this large prospective cohort of postmenopausal women, bisphosphonate use was associated with a statistically significant reduction in endometrial cancer risk.
authors.affiliation: Polly A. Newcomb, Michael N. Passarelli, Amanda I. Phipps, and Garnet L. Anderson, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center; Polly A. Newcomb, Michael N. Passarelli, Amanda I. Phipps, and Garnet L. Anderson, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA; Jean Wactawski-Wende, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo; Gloria Y.F. Ho, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY; Mary Jo O'Sullivan, University of Miami, Miami, FL; and Rowan T. Chlebowski, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-University of California Los Angeles Medical Center, Torrance, CA. pnewcomb@fhcrc.org.
authors.forename: Polly A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Newcomb
authors.affiliation: Polly A. Newcomb, Michael N. Passarelli, Amanda I. Phipps, and Garnet L. Anderson, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center; Polly A. Newcomb, Michael N. Passarelli, Amanda I. Phipps, and Garnet L. Anderson, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA; Jean Wactawski-Wende, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo; Gloria Y.F. Ho, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY; Mary Jo O'Sullivan, University of Miami, Miami, FL; and Rowan T. Chlebowski, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-University of California Los Angeles Medical Center, Torrance, CA.
authors.forename: Michael N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Passarelli
authors.affiliation: Polly A. Newcomb, Michael N. Passarelli, Amanda I. Phipps, and Garnet L. Anderson, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center; Polly A. Newcomb, Michael N. Passarelli, Amanda I. Phipps, and Garnet L. Anderson, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA; Jean Wactawski-Wende, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo; Gloria Y.F. Ho, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY; Mary Jo O'Sullivan, University of Miami, Miami, FL; and Rowan T. Chlebowski, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-University of California Los Angeles Medical Center, Torrance, CA.
authors.forename: Amanda I
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Phipps
authors.affiliation: Polly A. Newcomb, Michael N. Passarelli, Amanda I. Phipps, and Garnet L. Anderson, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center; Polly A. Newcomb, Michael N. Passarelli, Amanda I. Phipps, and Garnet L. Anderson, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA; Jean Wactawski-Wende, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo; Gloria Y.F. Ho, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY; Mary Jo O'Sullivan, University of Miami, Miami, FL; and Rowan T. Chlebowski, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-University of California Los Angeles Medical Center, Torrance, CA.
authors.forename: Garnet L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.affiliation: Polly A. Newcomb, Michael N. Passarelli, Amanda I. Phipps, and Garnet L. Anderson, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center; Polly A. Newcomb, Michael N. Passarelli, Amanda I. Phipps, and Garnet L. Anderson, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA; Jean Wactawski-Wende, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo; Gloria Y.F. Ho, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY; Mary Jo O'Sullivan, University of Miami, Miami, FL; and Rowan T. Chlebowski, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-University of California Los Angeles Medical Center, Torrance, CA.
authors.forename: Jean
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wactawski-Wende
authors.affiliation: Polly A. Newcomb, Michael N. Passarelli, Amanda I. Phipps, and Garnet L. Anderson, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center; Polly A. Newcomb, Michael N. Passarelli, Amanda I. Phipps, and Garnet L. Anderson, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA; Jean Wactawski-Wende, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo; Gloria Y.F. Ho, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY; Mary Jo O'Sullivan, University of Miami, Miami, FL; and Rowan T. Chlebowski, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-University of California Los Angeles Medical Center, Torrance, CA.
authors.forename: Gloria Y F
authors.initials: GY
authors.lastname: Ho
authors.affiliation: Polly A. Newcomb, Michael N. Passarelli, Amanda I. Phipps, and Garnet L. Anderson, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center; Polly A. Newcomb, Michael N. Passarelli, Amanda I. Phipps, and Garnet L. Anderson, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA; Jean Wactawski-Wende, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo; Gloria Y.F. Ho, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY; Mary Jo O'Sullivan, University of Miami, Miami, FL; and Rowan T. Chlebowski, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-University of California Los Angeles Medical Center, Torrance, CA.
authors.forename: Mary Jo
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: O'Sullivan
authors.affiliation: Polly A. Newcomb, Michael N. Passarelli, Amanda I. Phipps, and Garnet L. Anderson, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center; Polly A. Newcomb, Michael N. Passarelli, Amanda I. Phipps, and Garnet L. Anderson, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA; Jean Wactawski-Wende, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo; Gloria Y.F. Ho, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY; Mary Jo O'Sullivan, University of Miami, Miami, FL; and Rowan T. Chlebowski, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-University of California Los Angeles Medical Center, Torrance, CA.
authors.forename: Rowan T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Chlebowski
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000368:Aged; D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004164:Diphosphonates / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016889:Endometrial Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008875:Middle Aged; D017698:Postmenopause; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents; D004164:Diphosphonates