title: An evaluation of replacing fish meal with fermented soybean meal in the diet of Macrobrachium nipponense: Growth, nonspecific immunity, and resistance to Aeromonas hydrophila.
abstract: Partial or complete replacement of fish meal (FM) with fermented soybean meal (FSM) was examined in Macrobrachium nipponense over an 8-week growth trial. Growth and immune characteristics were evaluated. Fermented soybean meal replaced 0 (FM, control), 25% (R25), 50% (R50), 75% (R75), or 100% of the FM (R100) in five isocaloric and isonitrogenous diets. Each diet was fed to juvenile prawns (mean weight, 0.103 ± 0.0009 g) twice daily to apparent satiation in five replicates. Weight gain and specific growth rate of M. nipponense were significantly higher in prawns fed the R25 diet than that of prawns fed the FM diet. No significant differences were observed among the other treatments. Total hemocyte count and hemolymph phagocytic activity decreased as the proportion of FSM increased. Total antioxidant activity competence and malondialdehyde level in the hepatopancreas were highest in prawns fed the R100 diet. mRNA levels of the antioxidant genes Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase and catalase, heat shock cognate protein 70, and heat shock protein 90 were significantly differentially regulated in the prawn hepatopancreas. In addition, percent mortality increased after challenge with live Aeromonas hydrophila. Percent mortality of prawns fed the R100 diet was significantly higher than that of prawns fed the FM and R25 diets. These findings demonstrate that (1) M. nipponense growth performance was not affected by including a high proportion of FSM in the diet, and the best growth performance was obtained when 25% of the FM was replaced with FSM; (2) nonspecific immunity was impaired when all of the FM was replaced with FSM.
authors.affiliation: Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Resources Conservation and Development, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Genetic Breeding and Nutrition, CAFS, College of Life Science, Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang 313000, China.
authors.forename: Zhili
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.affiliation: Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Resources Conservation and Development, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Genetic Breeding and Nutrition, CAFS, College of Life Science, Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang 313000, China.
authors.forename: Yixiang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Resources Conservation and Development, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Genetic Breeding and Nutrition, CAFS, College of Life Science, Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang 313000, China. Electronic address: yjy@hutc.zj.cn.
authors.forename: Jinyun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.affiliation: School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China.
authors.forename: Zhenyu
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Du
authors.affiliation: Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Resources Conservation and Development, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Genetic Breeding and Nutrition, CAFS, College of Life Science, Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang 313000, China.
authors.forename: Youqin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kong
mesh_terms: D016980:Aeromonas hydrophila / Q000276:immunology*; D000821:Animal Feed; D000818:Animals; D017756:Aquaculture / Q000379:methods; D060829:Arthropod Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D001772:Blood Cell Count; D002374:Catalase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004032:Diet; D060467:Disease Resistance; D005285:Fermentation; D005396:Fish Products; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D050883:HSC70 Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D018841:HSP90 Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D006434:Hemocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology; D043143:Hepatopancreas / Q000378:metabolism; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D033541:Palaemonidae / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology; D010587:Phagocytosis; D013025:Glycine max; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D060829:Arthropod Proteins; D050883:HSC70 Heat-Shock Proteins; D018841:HSP90 Heat-Shock Proteins; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D002374:Catalase; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase
keywords: Fermented soybean meal; Fish meal; Growth performance; Immunity; Macrobrachium nipponense