title: Utility of three-dimensional computed tomography for the surgical management of rib fractures.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Surgical stabilization of flail chest is increasingly recognized as a valid approach to improve pulmonary mechanics in selected trauma patients. The use of two-dimensional (2D) computed tomography (CT) has become almost universal in the assessment of blunt chest trauma and multiple rib fractures. We hypothesized that three-dimensional (3D) CT adds valuable information to the preoperative plan for fixation of rib fractures.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using a retrospective cohort of 35 consecutive adult patients with flail chest requiring surgery, we evaluated the intraobserver and interobserver reliability of plain radiographs, 2D CT and 3D CT, for the identification of rib fractures and identified how often the surgical plan changed with the addition of the information provided by the 3D CT. Two fellowship-trained orthopedic trauma surgeons who regularly operate on rib fractures in their clinical practice and were not involved in the treatment of the study population evaluated the radiographic data.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Intraobserver and interobserver reliability was excellent for both 2D CT and 3D CT and was the highest for 2D CT. Overall, 2D CT had the highest diagnostic accuracy for detecting rib fractures as compared with plain radiographs and 3D CT. However, 3D CT changed the surgical tactic in 65.7% of the cases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that 3D CT is not as accurate as 2D CT for rib fracture diagnostic purposes; it seems to be an important tool for the preoperative planning of rib fracture fixation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Diagnostic study, level II.
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery (B.R.P., T.Q.T., T.T.Y.), Mount Carmel Health System, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery (B.C.T., N.D.), Grant Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio.
authors.forename: Benjamin R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Pulley
authors.forename: Benjamin C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: Terry Ty
authors.initials: TT
authors.lastname: Fowler
authors.forename: Neysa
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Dominguez
authors.forename: Thai Q
authors.initials: TQ
authors.lastname: Trinh
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D005409:Flail Chest / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D015601:Injury Severity Score; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012121:Respiration, Artificial; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012253:Rib Fractures / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014949:Wounds, Nonpenetrating / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery*