title: Solomonseal polysaccharide and sulfated Codonopsis pilosula polysaccharide synergistically resist Newcastle disease virus.
abstract: Five combinations of three ratios (PS9-sPS1, PS7-sPS3 and PS6-sPS4) were prepared with polysaccharide (PS) and sulfated polysaccharide (sPS). The antiviral activities of these compounds were subsequently compared in vitro using the MTT assay, observation of the virus structure and immunofluorescence. The results demonstrated that SP9-sCP1, CP7-sCA3, EP7-sAP3, CA9-sEP1 and EP7-sCA3 presented higher activities, and SP9-sCP1 displayed the highest virus inhibition rate and clearly killed the virus and inhibited viral antigen expression. In an in vivo test, 28-day-old chickens were challenged with Newcastle disease virus (NDV) and were administered the five drug combinations. On day 14 after the challenge, the morbidity, mortality and cure rate in each group were calculated. The results indicated that SP9-sCP1 presented the lowest morbidity and mortality and the highest cure rate. These results indicate that Solomonseal polysaccharide and sulfated Codonopsis pilosula polysaccharide synergistically resist NDV. Moreover, SP9-sCP1 had the highest efficacy and may be used as a new antiviral drug.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China.
authors.forename: Cui
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: National Research Center of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, PR China.
authors.forename: Jin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China.
authors.forename: Entao
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing, 100081, PR China.
authors.forename: Qiang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.affiliation: Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China.
authors.forename: Deyun
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing, 100081, PR China.
authors.forename: Cunshuai
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China.
authors.forename: Peng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China.
authors.forename: Xiuping
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China.
authors.forename: Xingying
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China.
authors.forename: Shulei
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Qiu
authors.affiliation: Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China.
authors.forename: Zhenzhen
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, PR China.
authors.forename: Hongquan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China.
authors.forename: Yuanliang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000956:Antigens, Viral / Q000378:metabolism; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002645:Chickens / Q000821:virology; D029745:Codonopsis / Q000737:chemistry*; D055808:Drug Discovery; D004357:Drug Synergism; D015967:Gene Expression Regulation, Viral / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D009522:Newcastle disease virus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013431:Sulfates / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000956:Antigens, Viral; D000998:Antiviral Agents; D011134:Polysaccharides; D013431:Sulfates