title: Striatum morphometry is associated with cognitive control deficits and symptom severity in internet gaming disorder.
abstract: Internet gaming disorder (IGD), identified in the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-V) Section III as a condition warranting more clinical research, may be associated with impaired cognitive control. Previous IGD-related studies had revealed structural abnormalities in the prefrontal cortex, an important part of prefrontal-striatal circuits, which play critical roles in cognitive control. However, little is known about the relationship between the striatal nuclei (caudate, putamen, and nucleus accumbens) volumes and cognitive control deficit in individuals with IGD. Twenty-seven adolescents with IGD and 30 age-, gender- and education-matched healthy controls participated in this study. The volume differences of the striatum were assessed by measuring subcortical volume in FreeSurfer. Meanwhile, the Stroop task was used to detect cognitive control deficits. Correlation analysis was used to investigate the relationship between striatal volumes and performance in the Stroop task as well as severity in IGD. Relative to controls, the IGD committed more incongruent condition response errors during the Stroop task and showed increased volumes of dorsal striatum (caudate) and ventral striatum (nucleus accumbens). In addition, caudate volume was correlated with Stroop task performance and nucleus accumbens (NAc) volume was associated with the internet addiction test (IAT) score in the IGD group. The increased volumes of the right caudate and NAc and their association with behavioral characteristics (i.e., cognitive control and severity) in IGD were detected in the present study. Our findings suggest that the striatum may be implicated in the underlying pathophysiology of IGD.
authors.affiliation: School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710071, People's Republic of China.|Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging Ministry of Education, Xi'an, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Chenxi
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.affiliation: School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710071, People's Republic of China. kyuan@xidian.edu.cn.|Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging Ministry of Education, Xi'an, People's Republic of China. kyuan@xidian.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Kai
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.affiliation: School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710071, People's Republic of China.|Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging Ministry of Education, Xi'an, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Junsen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.affiliation: School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710071, People's Republic of China.|Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging Ministry of Education, Xi'an, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.affiliation: School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710071, People's Republic of China.|Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging Ministry of Education, Xi'an, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yanzhi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Bi
authors.affiliation: School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710071, People's Republic of China.|Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging Ministry of Education, Xi'an, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yangding
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Pattern Recognition and Intelligent Image Processing, School of Information Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, Inner Mongolia, 014010, People's Republic of China. fmydh1@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Dahua
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Chenwang
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.affiliation: School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710071, People's Republic of China.|Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging Ministry of Education, Xi'an, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Qin
authors.affiliation: School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710071, People's Republic of China.|Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging Ministry of Education, Xi'an, People's Republic of China.|Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tian
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D016739:Behavior, Addictive / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D003342:Corpus Striatum / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D056344:Executive Function; D005260:Female; D007839:Functional Laterality; D005715:Gambling / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D007175:Impulsive Behavior; D020407:Internet; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D009929:Organ Size; D057190:Stroop Test
keywords: Cognitive control; Color-word Stroop task; Internet gaming disorder (IGD); Striatum; Structural magnetic resonance imaging