title: The accuracy of transrectal ultrasound-guided biopsy for decision making in prostate cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The most important surgical complications of renal transplantation are stenosis and obstruction of anastomosis of the ureter to the bladder. Hence, routine use of ureteral stents to prevent such complications seems logical; however, the optimal time to remove the ureteral stent is still controversial.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to compare the benefits and complications of the early or delayed ureteral stent removal post-transplantation.
  
  
  METHODS
  All patients who underwent kidney transplantation in Modarres Hospital from May 2011 through March 2012 were recruited. The patients were allocated to three groups. Ureteral stent removed 10, 20, and 30 days after transplantation in groups one, two, and three, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 91 patients had undergone renal transplantation in our center. Ureteral stent was removed at 10, 20, and 30 days after surgery. Urologic complications among the three groups included hydronephrosis, urinoma, and collection around the graft; there was no statistically significant difference among study groups with regard to frequency of complications.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We can remove the ureteral stent at shorter interval after renal transplantation with no increased risk of urologic complications.
authors.affiliation: Nephrology and Urology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Ali Reza
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Ghadian
authors.affiliation: Nephrology and Urology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Fatemeh
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Heidari
authors.affiliation: Nephrology and Urology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Ali Reza
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Afkhami
keywords: Cancer; Neoplasms; Prostate