title: T cells and adaptive immunity to Mycobacterium tuberculosis in humans.
abstract: The adaptive immune response mediated by T cells is critical for control of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) infection in humans. However, the M. tuberculosis antigens and host T-cell responses that are required for an effective adaptive immune response to M. tuberculosis infection are yet to be defined. Here, we review recent findings on CD4(+) and CD8(+) T-cell responses to M. tuberculosis infection and examine the roles of distinct M. tuberculosis-specific T-cell subsets in control of de novo and latent M. tuberculosis infection, and in the evolution of T-cell immunity to M. tuberculosis in response to tuberculosis treatment. In addition, we discuss recent studies that elucidate aspects of M. tuberculosis-specific adaptive immunity during human immunodeficiency virus co-infection and summarize recent findings from vaccine trials that provide insight into effective adaptive immune responses to M. tuberculosis infection.
authors.affiliation: Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Luke D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Jasenosky
authors.forename: Thomas J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Scriba
authors.forename: Willem A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Hanekom
authors.forename: Anne E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Goldfeld
mesh_terms: D056704:Adaptive Immunity; D001500:BCG Vaccine / Q000276:immunology; D060085:Coinfection; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000276:immunology; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D056747:Immunomodulation; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000276:immunology; D009169:Mycobacterium tuberculosis / Q000276:immunology*; D016176:T-Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D014376:Tuberculosis / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control
chemical_list: D001500:BCG Vaccine; D016207:Cytokines
keywords: CD4+; CD8+; HIV co-infection; IL-10-producing immunosuppressive and Treg cells; TB; Th1 and Th17 cells