title: Influence of carvacrol and 1,8-cineole on cell viability, membrane integrity, and morphology of Aeromonas hydrophila cultivated in a vegetable-based broth.
abstract: This study investigated the effects of carvacrol (CAR) and 1,8-cineole (CIN) alone (at the MIC) or in combination at subinhibitory amounts (both at 1/8 MIC) on the cell viability, membrane permeability, and morphology of Aeromonas hydrophila INCQS 7966 (A. hydrophila) cultivated in a vegetable-based broth. CAR and CIN alone or in combination severely affected the viability of the bacteria and caused dramatic changes in the cell membrane permeability, leading to cell death, as observed by confocal laser microscopy. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy images of bacterial cells exposed to CAR or CIN or the mixture of both compounds revealed severe changes in cell wall structure, rupture of the plasma membrane, shrinking of cells, condensation of cytoplasmic content, leakage of intracellular material, and cell collapse. These findings suggest that CAR and CIN alone or in combination at subinhibitory amounts could be applied to inhibit the growth of A. hydrophila in foods, particularly as sanitizing agents in vegetables.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Food Microbiology, Department of Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil.
authors.forename: Jossana Pereira
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: de Sousa
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Food Microbiology, Department of Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil.
authors.forename: Kataryne Árabe Rimá
authors.initials: KÁ
authors.lastname: de Oliveira
authors.affiliation: Departament of Microbiology, Aggeu Magalhães Research Center (CPqAM), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation - FIOCRUZ, Recife, Brazil.
authors.forename: Regina Celia Bressan Queiroz
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: de Figueiredo
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Food Microbiology, Department of Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil. evandroleitesouza@ccs.ufpb.br.
authors.forename: Evandro Leite
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: de Souza
mesh_terms: D016980:Aeromonas hydrophila / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000648:ultrastructure; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D002463:Cell Membrane Permeability / Q000187:drug effects; D003511:Cyclohexanols / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000081007:Cymenes; D000077591:Eucalyptol; D050296:Microbial Viability / Q000187:drug effects; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D039821:Monoterpenes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014675:Vegetables / Q000382:microbiology*
chemical_list: D003511:Cyclohexanols; D000081007:Cymenes; D039821:Monoterpenes; C073316:carvacrol; D000077591:Eucalyptol