title: Tapping CD4 T cells for cancer immunotherapy: the choice of personalized genomics.
abstract: Cellular immune responses that protect against tumors typically have been attributed to CD8 T cells. However, CD4 T cells also play a central role. It was shown recently that, in a patient with metastatic cholangiocarcinoma, CD4 T cells specific for a peptide from a mutated region of ERBB2IP could arrest tumor progression. This and other recent findings highlight new opportunities for CD4 T cells in cancer immunotherapy. In this article, I discuss the role and regulation of CD4 T cells in response to tumor Ags. Emphasis is placed on the types of Ags and mechanisms that elicit tumor-protective responses. I discuss the advantages and drawbacks of cancer immunotherapy through personalized genomics. These considerations should help to guide the design of next-generation therapeutic cancer vaccines.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Medicine and Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0837 mzanetti@ucsd.edu.
authors.forename: Maurizio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zanetti
mesh_terms: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D000818:Animals; D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D001650:Bile Duct Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000628:therapy*; D001653:Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D019496:Cancer Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D018281:Cholangiocarcinoma / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000628:therapy*; D015870:Gene Expression; D023281:Genomics; D006801:Humans; D007167:Immunotherapy; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D057285:Precision Medicine
chemical_list: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm; D019496:Cancer Vaccines; C413364:ERBIN protein, human